comtech aha corporation PRODUCT BRIEF* AHA3520 20 MBYTES/SEC ALDC DATA COMPRESSION COPROCESSOR IC The AHA3520 is a single-chip CMOS lossless compression and decompression integrated circuit. The device implements the ALDC compression algorithm defined by various industry standards. This algorithm is also known as Adaptive Lossless Data Compression. The device compresses, decompresses or passes data through. Flexible interface connects directly with various microprocessors and DMA devices used in tape drive systems. Content Addressable Memory within the ALDC engine eliminates external SRAMs typically required for dictionary storage in a compression system. Other system features include compatibility to an ALDC1-20S-HA device. FEATURES PERFORMANCE: • 20 MBytes/sec data compression, decompression or pass-through rate • 2 to 1 average compression ratio • Multiple byte transfers without microprocessor intervention • Error checking in decompression mode reportable via an interrupt FLEXIBILITY: • In-line or look-aside system architectures supported • Polled or interrupt driven I/O • Two independent DMA ports programmable for 8 or 16-bit transfers and handshaking modes SYSTEM INTERFACE: 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 APARITY[1] GND VDD APARITY[0] ADATA[8] ADATA[9] ADATA[10] ADATA[11] ADATA[12] GND VDD ADATA[13] ADATA[14] ADATA[15] ADATA[0] ADATA[1] APCS ARD ADATA[2] GND VDD ADATA[3] ADATA[4] ADATA[5] TESTN2 ADATA[6] ADATA[7] GND VDD ACIN • Single-chip data compression solution • Programmable interrupts • Interfaces directly with industry standard SCSI chips AHA3520A-040 PQC-G YYWWD - COUNTRY OF ORIGIN LLLLL 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 AAE VDD GND BDATA[7] BDATA[6] BDATA[5] BDATA[4] BDATA[3] BDATA[2] VDD GND BDATA[1] BAF BAE BDATA[0] BDATA[15] BDATA[14] BDATA[13] BDATA[12] VDD GND BDATA[11] BDATA[10] BDATA[9] BDATA[8] BPARITY[0] BPARITY[1] VDD GND IREQN MDATA[7] TESTN3 TESTN4 MDATA[6] MDATA[5] MDATA[4] MDATA[3] ACOUT AWR GND VDD MCIN[0] MCIN[1] MDATA[2] MDATA[1] MDATA[0] AAF MMODE TESTN5 TESTN6 NOTE: YYWWD = DATE CODE; LLLLL = LOT NUMBER comtech aha corporation ADDR[0] ADDR[1] ADDR[2] TESTN1 GND BCIN TESTN0 ADDR[3] ADDR[4] VDD GND CLK TRISTATEN RESETN BCOUT BWR BRD WAITN BPCS IREQ OTHERS: • Industry standard ALDC adaptive lossless compression algorithm • Complies to QIC-154, ECMA 222, ANSI X3.280-1996 and ISO 15200 standard specifications • Compatible to ALDC1-20S-HA Specification • 100 pin package in 14 mm × 20 mm PQFP • RoHS compliant APPLICATIONS • Tape drives • Printers and copiers *Request the AHA3520 Product Specification for complete details. comtech aha corporation Figure 1: AHA3520 Block Diagram AHA3520 Compression Chip ADATA[15:0] APARITY[1:0] ACOUT AWR ARD APCS ACIN AAF PORT A INTERFACE PORT B INTERFACE PORT A DMA STATE MACHINE PORT B DMA STATE MACHINE ALDC ENGINE BDATA[15:0] BPARITY[1:0] BCOUT BWR BRD BPCS PORT A TRANSFER COUNTER PORT B TRANSFER COUNTER BCIN BAF BAE AAE PASS THROUGH CONTROLLER CLOCK GENERATION FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Major blocks in this device are the Microprocessor Interface, Port A Interface, Port B Interface, and the Compression/Decompression Engine. The Microprocessor Interface provides status and control information by register access. Port A and Port B Interfaces are DMA ports configurable for bus width, polarity, handshaking modes, and other options. The operating mode establishes the direction of both the Port A and Port B Interfaces. Compression or Compression Pass Through sets the Port A Interface as an input and the Port B Interface as an output. Conversely Decompression or Decompression Pass Through sets the Port A Interface as an output and the Port B Interface as an input. Decompression Output Disabled mode allows the device to decompress a block of data up to a predetermined point while dumping the uncompressed data, then automatically begin outputting the remaining uncompressed data in that block or record. A four byte Transfer Size counter allows the user to partition the data into blocks of four gigabytes or less to process. Compression Pass INTERRUPT LOGIC IREQ IREQN RESETN MMODE ADDR[4:0] WAITN PROCESSOR INTERFACE STATE MACHINE MDATA[7:0] PROCESSOR INTERFACE MCIN[1:0] CLOCK Through mode and Decompression Pass Through modes allow data transfers through the device without changing the data. Both the Port A Interface and Port B Interface have a 16-byte FIFO with Almost Empty and Almost Full signal pins and programmable thresholds. Both of the DMA interfaces, Port A and Port B, have programmable wait states in addition to four selectable DMA transfer modes: asynchronous request/acknowledge pair, asynchronous burst mode, and two peripheral access modes that correlate with the two microprocessor modes. comtech aha corporation THE ALDC COMPRESSION ALGORITHM The ALDC (Adaptive Lossless Data Compression) algorithm is one variant of the LZ1 (Lempel-Ziv 1) class of data compression algorithms, first proposed by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv in 1977. LZ1 algorithms achieve compression by building and maintaining a data structure, called a HISTORYBUFFER. An LZ1 encode process and an LZ1 decode process both initialize this structure to the same known state, and update it in an identical fashion. The encoder does this using the input data it receives for compression, while the decoder generates an identical data stream as its output, which it also uses for the update process. The compression process consists of examining the incoming data stream to identify any sequences or strings of data bytes which already exist in the encoder history. If an identical such history is available to a decoder, this matching string can be encoded and output as a 2 element COPYPOINTER, containing a byte count and history location. It is then possible for a decoder to reproduce this string exactly, by copying it from the given location in its own history. If the COPYPOINTER can be encoded in fewer bits of information than required for the data string it specifies, compression is achieved. Table 1: PORT A AND PORT B CONFIGURATION Port A and Port B operate identically. They both are 16-bit bidirectional data ports with parity checking and generation. There are three configuration registers associated with each port and a polarity register that determines the polarity of all of the control signals for that port. The function of the control pin is determined by either xCNF0[13, 12] bits or Command register programmed for peripheral access. The polarity of control signals are controlled by specific bits in the Polarity registers. Port A Interface Signals SIGNAL NAME ACIN ACOUT AWR ARD APCS AAF AAE Table 2: If an incoming byte of data does not form part of a matching string, a LITERAL, containing this embedded value, is encoded and then output to explicitly represent this byte. A decoder performs the inverse operation by first parsing a compressed data stream into LITERALS and COPYPOINTERS for processing. ALDC is a lossless algorithm, insuring that the decompressed data output is exactly the same as the uncompressed data input. QIC-154 Development Standard describes this industry standard algorithm in detail. MASTER SLAVE SLAVE=0 DACKA DREQA deasserted deasserted APCS AAF AAE SLAVE=1 DREQA DACKA AWR ARD APCS AAF AAE APOL bit DIRECTION 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 I O O O O O O BPOL bit DIRECTION 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 I O O O O O O Port B Interface Signals SIGNAL NAME BCIN BCOUT BWR BRD BPCS BAF BAE MASTER SLAVE SLAVE=0 DACKB DREQB deasserted deasserted BPCS BAF BAE SLAVE=1 DREQB DACKB BWR BRD BPCS BAF BAE comtech aha corporation SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS ORDERING INFORMATION A typical application for the AHA3520 is the implementation of data compression in a tape drive system. An in-line architecture is employed in this system. The in-line application inserts compression directly between the host and the system data buffer. There is no direct connection between the buffer and the host. For compression, data flows from the host, through the bus controller and into the AHA3520. The data is then compressed by the ALDC engine and flows into the system buffer followed by the tape drive interface. This data flow is usually controlled by a local microprocessor. For decompression, the flow is reversed. In an in-line architecture the AHA compression chip operates at the data rate of the host interface controller. The AHA3520 device supports a sustained data transfer rate of up to 20 MBytes/sec. In a look-aside application, the system buffer is in series with the data flow. There is a direct connection between the host and the buffer memory through a DMA port. For compression, data flows from the host, through the bus interface and peripheral controller and into the system buffer. Data then flows from the system buffer into the AHA3520 where it is compressed and sent back to the system buffer. Finally, data is transferred from the system buffer interface. During decompression, this flow is reversed. PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION 20 MBytes/sec ALDC Data AHA3520A-040 PQC-G Compression Coprocessor IC ABOUT AHA Comtech AHA Corporation (AHA) develops and markets superior integrated circuits, boards, and intellectual property core technology for communications systems architects worldwide. AHA has been setting the standard in Forward Error Correction and Lossless Data Compression technology for many years and provides flexible, cost-effective solutions for today’s growing bandwidth and reliability challenges. Comtech AHA Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Comtech Telecommuncations Corp. (NASDAQ: CMTL). For more information, visit www.aha.com. EXAMPLE IN-LINE APPLICATION BUFFER DRAM INTERFACE BUS SCSI or ATAPI CONTROLLER AHA3520 DATA COMPRESSION CHIP SYSTEM MEMORY CONTROLLER TAPE DRIVE INTERFACE SYSTEM PROCESSOR EXAMPLE LOOK-ASIDE APPLICATION BUFFER DRAM INTERFACE BUS SCSI or ATAPI CONTROLLER SYSTEM MEMORY CONTROLLER SYSTEM PROCESSOR PERIPHERAL CONTROLLER DATA FLOW CONTROL AHA3520 DATA COMPRESSION CHIP comtech aha corporation A subsidiary of Comtech Telecommunications Corporation 1126 Alturas Drive Moscow ID 83843-8331 tel: 208.892.5600 fax: 208.892.5601 e-mail: [email protected] www.aha.com PB3520_1205