NSC ADC78H90CIMTX

ADC78H90
8-Channel, 500 kSPS, 12-Bit A/D Converter
General Description
Features
The ADC78H90 is a low-power, eight-channel CMOS 12-bit
analog-to-digital converter with a conversion throughput of
500 kSPS. The converter is based on a successiveapproximation register architecture with an internal trackand-hold circuit. It can be configured to accept up to eight
input signals at inputs AIN1 through AIN8.
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The output serial data is straight binary, and is compatible
with several standards, such as SPI™, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and many common DSP serial interfaces.
The ADC78H90 may be operated with independent analog
and digital supplies. The analog supply (AVDD) can range
from +2.7V to +5.25V, and the digital supply (DVDD) can
range from +2.7V to AVDD. Normal power consumption using
a +3V or +5V supply is 1.5 mW and 8.3 mW, respectively.
The power-down feature reduces the power consumption to
just 0.3 µW using a +3V supply, or 0.5 µW using a +5V
supply.
The ADC78H90 is packaged in a 16-lead TSSOP package.
Operation over the industrial temperature range of −40˚C to
+85˚C is guaranteed.
Key Specifications
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Eight input channels
Variable power management
Independent analog and digital supplies
SPI™/QSPI™/MICROWIRE™/DSP compatible
Packaged in 16-lead TSSOP
Conversion Rate
DNL
INL
Power Consumption
— 3V Supply
— 5V Supply
500 kSPS
± 1 LSB (max)
± 1 LSB (max)
1.5 mW (typ)
8.3 mW (typ)
Applications
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Automotive Navigation
Portable Systems
Medical Instruments
Mobile Communications
Instrumentation and Control Systems
Connection Diagram
20079305
Ordering Information
Order Code
Temperature Range
Description
ADC78H90CIMT
−40˚C to +85˚C
16-Lead TSSOP Package
ADC78H90CIMTX
−40˚C to +85˚C
16-Lead TSSOP Package, Tape & Reel
ADC78H90EVAL
Evaluation Board
TRI-STATE ® is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
MICROWIRE™ is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
QSPI™ and SPI™ are trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
© 2005 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS200793
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ADC78H90 8-Channel, 500 kSPS, 12-Bit A/D Converter
March 2005
ADC78H90
Block Diagram
20079307
Pin Descriptions and Equivalent Circuits
Pin No.
Symbol
Equivalent Circuit
Description
ANALOG I/O
4 - 11
AIN1 to AIN8
Analog inputs. These signals can range from 0V to AVDD.
DIGITAL I/O
16
SCLK
Digital clock input. The range of frequencies for this input is
50 kHz to 8 MHz, with guaranteed performance at 8 MHz.
This clock directly controls the conversion and readout
processes.
15
DOUT
Digital data output. The output samples are clocked out of this
pin on falling edges of the SCLK pin.
14
DIN
Digital data input. The ADC78H90’s Control Register is
loaded through this pin on rising edges of the SCLK pin.
1
CS
Chip select. On the falling edge of CS, a conversion process
begins. Conversions continue as long as CS is held low.
AVDD
Positive analog supply pin. This pin should be connected to a
quiet +2.7V to +5.25V source and bypassed to GND with a 1
µF tantalum capacitor and a 0.1 µF ceramic monolithic
capacitor located within 1 cm of the power pin.
DVDD
Positive digital supply pin. This pin should be connected to a
+2.7V to AVDD supply, and bypassed to GND with a 0.1 µF
ceramic monolithic capacitor located within 1 cm of the power
pin.
3
AGND
The ground return for the analog supply and signals.
12
DGND
The ground return for the digital supply and signals.
POWER SUPPLY
2
13
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2
Operating Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Operating Temperature Range
Analog Supply Voltage AVDD
−0.3V to 6.5V
Digital Supply Voltage DVDD
−0.3V to AVDD +
0.3V, max 6.5V
Voltage on Any Pin to GND
Power Dissipation at TA = 25˚C
+2.7V to +5.25V
DVDD Supply Voltage
+2.7V to AVDD
Digital Input Pins Voltage Range
-0.3V to AVDD
0V to AVDD
Package Thermal Resistance
See (Note 4)
ESD Susceptibility (Note 5)
Human Body Model
Machine Model
50 kHz to 8 MHz
Analog Input Voltage
± 10 mA
± 20 mA
Package Input Current(Note 3)
AVDD Supply Voltage
Clock Frequency
−0.3V to AVDD
+0.3V
Input Current at Any Pin (Note 3)
−40˚C ≤ TA ≤ +85˚C
Package
θJA
16-lead TSSOP on
4-layer, 2 oz. PCB
96˚C / W
2500V
250V
Soldering Temperature, Infrared,
10 seconds (Note 6)
260˚C
Junction Temperature
+150˚C
Storage Temperature
−65˚C to +150˚C
ADC78H90 Converter Electrical Characteristics
(Note 8)
The following specifications apply for AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to 5.25V, AGND = DGND = 0V, fSCLK = 8 MHz, fSAMPLE = 500
KSPS, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply for TA = TMIN to TMAX: all other limits TA = 25˚C.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
(Note 7)
Units
STATIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS
Resolution with No Missing Codes
INL
Integral Non-Linearity
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V
DNL
Differential Non-Linearity
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V
VOFF
Offset Error
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V
OEM
Offset Error Match
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V
GE
Gain Error
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V
GEM
Gain Error Match
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V
12
Bits
±1
±1
±2
±2
±3
±3
LSB (max)
LSB (max)
LSB (max)
LSB (max)
LSB (max)
LSB (max)
DYNAMIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS
SINAD
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Ratio
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
fIN = 40.2 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
73
70
dB (min)
SNR
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
fIN = 40.2 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
73
70.8
dB (min)
THD
Total Harmonic Distortion
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
fIN = 40.2 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
−86
−74
dB (max)
SFDR
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
fIN = 40.2 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
88
75.6
dB (min)
ENOB
Effective Number of Bits
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
11.8
11.3
Bits (min)
Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
fIN = 40.2 kHz
-82
dB
Intermodulation Distortion, Second
Order Terms
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
fa = 40.161 kHz, fb = 41.015 kHz
-93
dB
Intermodulation Distortion, Third
Order Terms
AVDD = +5.0V, DVDD = +3.0V,
fa = 40.161 kHz, fb = 41.015 kHz
-90
dB
AVDD = +5V
11
MHz
AVDD = +3V
8
MHz
IMD
FPBW
-3 dB Full Power Bandwidth
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ADC78H90
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
ADC78H90
ADC78H90 Converter Electrical Characteristics
(Note 8) (Continued)
The following specifications apply for AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to 5.25V, AGND = DGND = 0V, fSCLK = 8 MHz, fSAMPLE = 500
KSPS, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply for TA = TMIN to TMAX: all other limits TA = 25˚C.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
(Note 7)
Units
±1
µA (max)
ANALOG INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VIN
Input Range
IDCL
DC Leakage Current
CINA
Input Capacitance
0 to AVDD
V
Track Mode
33
pF
Hold Mode
3
pF
DIGITAL INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
DVDD = +4.75Vto +5.25V
2.4
V (min)
DVDD = +2.7V to +3.6V
2.1
V (min)
VIH
Input High Voltage
VIL
Input Low Voltage
DVDD = +2.7V to +5.25V
IIN
Input Current
VIN = 0V or DVDD
CIND
Digital Input Capacitance
0.8
V (max)
± 0.01
±1
µA (max)
2
4
pF (max)
DVDD −0.5
V (min)
0.4
V (max)
±1
µA (max)
4
pF (max)
DIGITAL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOH
Output High Voltage
ISOURCE = 200 µA, DVDD = +2.7V to
+5.25V
VOL
Output Low Voltage
ISINK = 200 µA
IOZH,
IOZL
TRI-STATE ® Leakage Current
COUT
TRI-STATE ® Output Capacitance
2
Output Coding
Straight (Natural) Binary
POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS (CL = 10 pF)
AVDD,
DVDD
Analog and Digital Supply Voltages
2.7
V (min)
5.25
V (max)
AVDD = DVDD = +4.75V to +5.25V,
fSAMPLE = 500 kSPS, fIN = 40 kHz
1.65
2.3
mA (max)
AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to +3.6V,
fSAMPLE = 500 kSPS, fIN = 40 kHz
0.5
2.3
mA (max)
AVDD = DVDD = +4.75V to +5.25V,
fSAMPLE = 0 kSPS
200
nA
AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to +3.6V,
fSAMPLE = 0 kSPS
200
nA
Power Consumption, Normal Mode
(Operational, CS low)
\AVDD = DVDD = +4.75V to +5.25V
8.3
12
mW (max)
AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to +3.6V
1.5
8.3
mW (max)
Power Consumption, Shutdown (CS
high)
AVDD = DVDD = +4.75V to +5.25V
0.5
µW
AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to +3.6V
0.3
µW
Total Supply Current, Normal Mode
(Operational, CS low)
I A + ID
Total Supply Current, Shutdown (CS
high)
PD
AVDD ≥ DVDD
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
fSCLK
Maximum Clock Frequency
fSMIN
Minimum Clock Frequency
fS
tCONV
8
MHz (min)
Maximum Sample Rate
500
KSPS (min)
Conversion Time
13
SCLK cycles
50
40
% (min)
60
% (max)
DC
SCLK Duty Cycle
tACQ
Track/Hold Acquisition Time
Full-Scale Step Input
3
SCLK cycles
Throughput Time
Acquisition Time + Conversion Time
16
SCLK cycles
500
kSPS (min)
fRATE
Throughput Rate
tAD
Aperture Delay
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50
kHz
4
4
ns
The following specifications apply for AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to 5.25V, AGND = DGND = 0V, fSCLK = 8 MHz, fSAMPLE = 500
KSPS, CL = 50 pF, Boldface limits apply for TA = TMIN to TMAX: all other limits TA = 25˚C.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
(Note 7)
Units
t1a
Setup Time SCLK High to CS
Falling Edge
(Note 9)
10
ns (min)
t1b
Hold time SCLK Low to CS Falling
Edge
(Note 9)
10
ns (min)
t2
Delay from CS Until DOUT active
30
ns (max)
t3
Data Access Time after SCLK
Falling Edge
30
ns (max)
t4
Data Setup Time Prior to SCLK
Rising Edge
10
ns (min)
t5
Data Valid SCLK Hold Time
10
ns (min)
t6
SCLK High Pulse Width
0.4 x
tSCLK
ns (min)
t7
SCLK Low Pulse Width
0.4 x
tSCLK
ns (min)
t8
CS Rising Edge to DOUT
High-Impedance
20
ns (max)
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed
specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test
conditions.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to GND = 0V, unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: When the input voltage at any pin exceeds the power supplies (that is, VIN < AGND or VIN > VA or VD), the current at that pin should be limited to 10 mA.
The 20 mA maximum package input current rating limits the number of pins that can safely exceed the power supplies with an input current of 10 mA to two.
Note 4: The absolute maximum junction temperature (TJmax) for this device is 150˚C. The maximum allowable power dissipation is dictated by TJmax, the
junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θJA), and the ambient temperature (TA), and can be calculated using the formula PDMAX = (TJmax − TA)/θJA. In the 16-pin
TSSOP, θJA is 96˚C/W, so PDMAX = 1,200 mW at 25˚C and 625 mW at the maximum operating ambient temperature of 85˚C. Note that the power consumption of
this device under normal operation is a maximum of 12 mW. The values for maximum power dissipation listed above will be reached only when the ADC78H90 is
operated in a severe fault condition (e.g. when input or output pins are driven beyond the power supply voltages, or the power supply polarity is reversed). Obviously,
such conditions should always be avoided.
Note 5: Human body model is 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor. Machine model is 220 pF discharged through ZERO ohms
Note 6: See AN450, “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability”, or the section entitled “Surface Mount” found in any post 1986 National
Semiconductor Linear Data Book, for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
Note 7: Tested limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 8: Data sheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.
Note 9: Clock may be in any state (high or low) when CS is asserted, with the restrictions on setup and hold time given by t1a and t1b.
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ADC78H90
ADC78H90 Timing Specifications
ADC78H90
Timing Diagrams
20079308
Timing Test Circuit
20079351
FIGURE 1. ADC78H90 Operational Timing Diagram
20079306
ADC78H90 Serial Timing Diagram
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ADC78H90
Timing Diagrams
(Continued)
20079350
SCLK and CS Timing Parameters
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ADC78H90
MISSING CODES are those output codes that will never
appear at the ADC outputs. The ADC78H90 is guaranteed
not to have any missing codes.
Specification Definitions
ACQUISITION TIME is the time required to acquire the input
voltage. That is, it is time required for the hold capacitor to
charge up to the input voltage.
OFFSET ERROR is the deviation of the first code transition
(000...000) to (000...001) from the ideal (i.e. GND + 0.5
LSB).
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) is the ratio, expressed in
dB, of the rms value of the input signal to the rms value of the
sum of all other spectral components below one-half the
sampling frequency, not including harmonics or d.c.
SIGNAL TO NOISE PLUS DISTORTION (S/N+D or SINAD)
Is the ratio, expressed in dB, of the rms value of the input
signal to the rms value of all of the other spectral components below half the clock frequency, including harmonics
but excluding d.c.
APERTURE DELAY is the time between the fourth falling
SCLK edge of a conversion and the time when the input
signal is acquired or held for conversion.
CONVERSION TIME is the time required, after the input
voltage is acquired, for the ADC to convert the input voltage
to a digital word.
CROSSTALK is the coupling of energy from one channel
into the other channel, or the amount of signal energy from
one analog input that appears at the measured analog input.
DIFFERENTIAL NON-LINEARITY (DNL) is the measure of
the maximum deviation from the ideal step size of 1 LSB.
SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR) is the difference, expressed in dB, between the rms values of the input
signal and the peak spurious signal where a spurious signal
is any signal present in the output spectrum that is not
present at the input, excluding d.c.
DUTY CYCLE is the ratio of the time that a repetitive digital
waveform is high to the total time of one period. The specification here refers to the SCLK.
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB, or EFFECTIVE
BITS) is another method of specifying Signal-to-Noise and
Distortion or SINAD. ENOB is defined as (SINAD - 1.76) /
6.02 and says that the converter is equivalent to a perfect
ADC of this (ENOB) number of bits.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) is the ratio, expressed in dB or dBc, of the rms total of the first five
harmonic components at the output to the rms level of the
input signal frequency as seen at the output. THD is calculated as
FULL POWER BANDWIDTH is a measure of the frequency
at which the reconstructed output fundamental drops 3 dB
below its low frequency value for a full scale input.
GAIN ERROR is the deviation of the last code transition
(111...110) to (111...111) from the ideal (VREF - 1.5 LSB),
after adjusting for offset error.
INTEGRAL NON-LINEARITY (INL) is a measure of the
deviation of each individual code from a line drawn from
negative full scale (1⁄2 LSB below the first code transition)
through positive full scale (1⁄2 LSB above the last code
transition). The deviation of any given code from this straight
line is measured from the center of that code value.
INTERMODULATION DISTORTION (IMD) is the creation of
additional spectral components as a result of two sinusoidal
frequencies being applied to the ADC input at the same time.
It is defined as the ratio of the power in the second and third
order intermodulation products to the sum of the power in
both of the original frequencies. IMD is usually expressed in
dB.
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where Af1 is the RMS power of the input frequency at the
output and Af2 through Af6 are the RMS power in the first 5
harmonic frequencies.
THROUGHPUT TIME is the minimum time required between
the start of two successive conversion. It is the acquisition
time plus the conversion time. In the case of the ADC78H90,
this is 16 SCLK periods.
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TA = +25˚C, fSAMPLE = 500 kSPS, fSCLK = 8 MHz, fIN = 40.2
DNL
DNL
20079340
20079341
INL
INL
20079342
20079343
DNL vs. Supply
INL vs. Supply
20079321
20079320
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ADC78H90
Typical Performance Characteristics
kHz unless otherwise stated.
ADC78H90
Typical Performance Characteristics TA = +25˚C, fSAMPLE = 500 kSPS, fSCLK = 8 MHz, fIN = 40.2
kHz unless otherwise stated. (Continued)
SNR vs. Supply
THD vs. Supply
20079322
20079332
ENOB vs. Supply
SNR vs. Input Frequency
20079333
20079323
THD vs. Input Frequency
ENOB vs. Input Frequency
20079324
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20079325
10
Spectral Response
Spectral Response
20079330
20079331
Power Consumption vs. Throughput
20079344
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ADC78H90
Typical Performance Characteristics TA = +25˚C, fSAMPLE = 500 kSPS, fSCLK = 8 MHz, fIN = 40.2
kHz unless otherwise stated. (Continued)
ADC78H90
1.0 ADC78H90 OPERATION
to full resolution in the first conversion immediately following
power up. The first conversion result after power up will be
that of the first channel.
The ADC78H90 is a successive-approximation analog-todigital converter designed around a charge-redistribution
digital-to-analog converter. Simplified schematics of the
ADC78H90 in both track and hold operation are shown in
Figures 2, 3, respectively. In Figure 2, the ADC78H90 is in
track mode: switch SW1 connects the sampling capacitor to
one of eight analog input channels through the multiplexer,
and SW2 balances the comparator inputs. The ADC78H90 is
in this state for the first three SCLK cycles after CS is
brought low.
Figure 3 shows the ADC78H90 in hold mode: switch SW1
connects the sampling capacitor to ground, maintaining the
sampled voltage, and switch SW2 unbalances the comparator. The control logic then instructs the charge-redistribution
DAC to add or subtract fixed amounts of charge to or from
the sampling capacitor until the comparator is balanced.
When the comparator is balanced, the digital word supplied
to the DAC is the digital representation of the analog input
voltage. The ADC78H90 is in this state for the last thirteen
SCLK cycles after CS is brought low.
Applications Information
There is no power-up delay or dummy conversions with the
ADC78H90. The ADC is able to sample and convert an input
20079309
FIGURE 2. ADC78H90 in Track Mode
20079310
FIGURE 3. ADC78H90 in Hold Mode
The time when CS is low is considered a serial frame. Each
of these frames should contain an integer multiple of 16
SCLK cycles, during which time a conversion is performed
and clocked out at the DOUT pin and data is clocked into the
DIN pin to indicate the multiplexer address for the next
conversion.
to the ADC78H90’s Control Register is placed on DIN, the
serial data input pin. New data is written to DIN with each
conversion.
A serial frame is initiated on the falling edge of CS and ends
on the rising edge of CS. Each frame must contain an integer
multiple of 16 rising SCLK edges. The ADC output data
(DOUT) is in a high impedance state when CS is high and is
active when CS is low. Thus, CS acts as an output enable.
Additionally, the device goes into a power down state when
CS is high.
During the first 3 cycles of SCLK, the ADC is in the track
mode, acquiring the input voltage. For the next 13 SCLK
cycles the conversion is accomplished and the data is
clocked out, MSB first. If there is more than one conversion
in a frame, the ADC will re-enter the track mode on the falling
2.0 USING THE ADC78H90
An operational timing diagram and a serial interface timing
diagram for the ADC78H90 are shown in The Timing Diagrams section. CS, chip select, initiates conversions and
frames the serial data transfers. SCLK (serial clock) controls
both the conversion process and the timing of serial data.
DOUT is the serial data output pin, where a conversion result
is sent as a serial data stream, MSB first. Data to be written
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During each conversion, data is clocked into the DIN pin on
the first 8 rising edges of SCLK after the fall of CS. For each
conversion, it is necessary to clock in the data indicating the
input that is selected for the conversion after the current one.
See Tables 1, 2, 3
(Continued)
edge of SCLK after the N*16th rising edge of SCLK, and
re-enter the hold/convert mode on the N*16+4th falling edge
of SCLK, where "N" must be an integer.
When CS is brought high, SCLK is internally gated off. If
SCLK is in a low state when CS goes high, the subsequent
fall of CS will generate a falling edge of the internal version
of SCLK, putting the ADC into the track mode. This is seen
by the ADC as the first falling edge of SCLK. If SCLK is in a
high state when CS goes high, the ADC enters the track
mode on the first falling edge of SCLK after the falling edge
of CS.
If CS and SCLK go low simultaneously, it is the following
rising edge of SCLK that is considered the first rising edge
for clocking data into DIN.
TABLE 1. Control Register Bits
Bit 7 (MSB)
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
DONTC
DONTC
ADD2
ADD1
ADD0
DONTC
DONTC
DONTC
TABLE 2. Control Register Bit Descriptions
Bit #:
Symbol:
Description
7, 6, 2, 1, 0
DONTC
Don’t care. The value of these bit do not affect the device.
5
ADD2
4
ADD1
3
ADD0
These three bits determine which input channel will be sampled and
converted on the next falling edge of CS. The mapping between codes and
channels is shown in Table 3.
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ADC78H90
Applications Information
ADC78H90
Applications Information
(Continued)
4.0 TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
TABLE 3. Input Channel Selection
ADD2
ADD1
ADD0
Input Channel
0
0
0
AIN1 (Default)
0
0
1
AIN2
0
1
0
AIN3
0
1
1
AIN4
1
0
0
AIN5
1
0
1
AIN6
1
1
0
AIN7
1
1
1
AIN8
A typical application of the ADC78H90 is shown in Figure 5.
The split analog and digital supplies are both provided in this
example by the National LP2950 low-dropout voltage regulator, available in a variety of fixed and adjustable output
voltages. The analog supply is bypassed with a capacitor
network located close to the ADC78H90. The digital supply
is separated from the analog supply by an isolation resistor
and conditioned with additional bypass capacitors. The
ADC78H90 uses the analog supply (AVDD) as its reference
voltage, so it is very important that AVDD be kept as clean as
possible. Because of the ADC78H90’s low power requirements, it is also possible to use a precision reference as a
power supply to maximize performance. The four-wire interface is also shown connected to a microprocessor or DSP.
3.0 ADC78H90 TRANSFER FUNCTION
The output format of the ADC89H90 is straight binary. Code
transitions occur midway between successive integer LSB
values. The LSB width for the ADC78H90 is AVDD / 4096.
The ideal transfer characteristic is shown in Figure 4. The
transition from an output code of 0000 0000 0000 to a code
of 0000 0000 0001 is at 1/2 LSB, or a voltage of AVDD / 8192.
Other code transitions occur at steps of one LSB.
20079311
FIGURE 4. Ideal Transfer Characteristic
20079313
FIGURE 5. Typical Application Circuit
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14
supply (DVDD) cannot exceed the analog supply (AVDD) by
more than 300 mV. The ADC78H90’s analog power supply
must, therefore, be applied before (or concurrently with) the
digital power supply.
The ADC78H90 is fully powered-up whenever CS is low, and
fully powered-down whenever CS is high, with one exception: the ADC78H90 automatically enters power-down mode
between the 16th falling edge of a conversion and the 1st
falling edge of the subsequent conversion (see Figure 1).
(Continued)
5.0 ANALOG INPUTS
An equivalent circuit for one of the ADC78H90’s input channels is shown in Figure 6. Diodes D1 and D2 provide ESD
protection for the analog inputs. At no time should an analog
input go beyond (AVDD + 300 mV) or (GND - 300 mV), as
these ESD diodes will begin conducting, which could result
in erratic operation.
The capacitor C1 in Figure 6 has a typical value of 3 pF, and
is mainly the package pin capacitance. Resistor R1 is the on
resistance of the multiplexer and track / hold switch, and is
typically 500 ohms. Capacitor C2 is the ADC78H90 sampling
capacitor, and is typically 30 pF. The ADC78H90 will deliver
best performance when driven by a low-impedance source
to eliminate distortion caused by the charging of the sampling capacitance. This is especially important when using
the ADC78H90 to sample AC signals. Also important when
sampling dynamic signals is a band-pass or low-pass filter to
reduce harmonics and noise, improving dynamic performance.
The ADC78H90 can perform multiple conversions back to
back; each conversion requires 16 SCLK cycles. The
ADC78H90 will perform conversions continuously as long as
CS is held low.
The user may trade off throughput for power consumption by
simply performing fewer conversions per unit time. The
Power Consumption vs. Sample Rate curve in the Typical
Performance Curves section shows the typical power consumption of the ADC78H90 versus throughput. To calculate
the power consumption, simply multiply the fraction of time
spent in the normal mode by the normal mode power consumption (8.3 mW with AVDD = DVDD = +3.6V, for example),
and add the fraction of time spent in shutdown mode multiplied by the shutdown mode power dissipation (0.3 mW with
AVDD = DVDD = +3.6V).
7.2 Power Supply Noise Considerations
The charging of any output load capacitance requires current from the digital supply, DVDD. The current pulses required from the supply to charge the output capacitance will
cause voltage variations on the digital supply. If these variations are large enough, they could cause degrade SNR and
SINAD performance of the ADC. Furthermore, if the analog
and digital supplies are tied directly together, the noise on
the digital supply will be coupled directly into the analog
supply, causing greater performance degradation than noise
on the digital supply. Furthermore, discharging the output
capacitance when the digital output goes from a logic high to
a logic low will dump current into the die substrate, which is
resistive. Load discharge currents will cause "ground
bounce" noise in the substrate that will degrade noise performance if that current is large enough. The larger is the
output capacitance, the more current flows through the die
substrate and the greater is the noise coupled into the
analog channel, degrading noise performance.
The first solution is to decouple the analog and digital supplies from each other, or use separate supplies for them, to
keep digital noise out of the analog supply. To keep noise out
of the digital supply, keep the output load capacitance as
small as practical. If the load capacitance is greater than 25
pF, use a 100 Ω series resistor at the ADC output, located as
close to the ADC output pin as practical. This will limit the
charge and discharge current of the output capacitance and
improve noise performance.
20079314
FIGURE 6. Equivalent Input Circuit
6.0 DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
The ADC78H90’s digital inputs (SCLK, CS, and DIN) are
limited by and cannot exceed the analog supply voltage
AVDD. The digital input pins are not prone to latch-up; SCLK,
CS, and DIN may be asserted before DVDD without any risk.
7.0 POWER SUPPLY CONSIDERATIONS
The ADC78H90 has two supplies, although they could both
have the same potential. There are two major power supply
concerns with this product. They are relative power supply
levels, including power on sequencing, and the effect of
digital supply noise on the analog supply.
7.1 Power Management
The ADC78H90 is a dual-supply device. These two supplies
share ESD resources, and thus care must be exercised to
ensure that the power supplies are applied in the correct
sequence. To avoid turning on the ESD diodes, the digital
15
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ADC78H90
Applications Information
ADC78H90 8-Channel, 500 kSPS, 12-Bit A/D Converter
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
16-Lead TSSOP
Order Number ADC78H90CIMT, ADC78H90CIMTX
NS Package Number MTC16
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves
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