LPV511 880 nA, Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operational Amplifier General Description Features The LPV511 is a micropower operational amplifier that operates from a voltage supply range as wide as 2.7V to 12V with guaranteed specifications at 3V, 5V and 12V. The LPV511 exhibits an excellent speed to power ratio, drawing only 880 nA of supply current with a bandwidth of 27 kHz. These specifications make the LPV511 an ideal choice for battery powered systems that require long life through low supply current, such as instrumentation, sensor conditioning and battery current monitoring. The LPV511 has an input range that includes both supply rails for ground and high side battery sensing applications. The LPV511 output swings within 100 mV of either rail to maximize the signal’s dynamic range in low supply applications. In addition, the output is capable of sourcing 650 µA of current when powered by a 12V battery. The LPV511 is available in the space saving SC70 package which makes it ideal for portable electronics with area constrained PC boards. (Typical at 3V supply unless otherwise noted) n Supply voltage range 2.7V to 12V n Slew rate 7.7 V/ms n Supply current 880 nA n Output short circuit current 1.35 mA n Rail-to-rail input n Output voltage swing 100 mV from rails n Bandwidth (CL = 50 pF, RL = 1 MΩ) 27 kHz Applications n n n n n n n Battery powered systems Security systems Micropower thermostats Solar powered systems Portable instrumentation Micropower filter Remote sensor amplifier Typical Application 20117003 © 2005 National Semiconductor Corporation DS201170 www.national.com LPV511 880 nA, Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operational Amplifier August 2005 LPV511 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Junction Temperature (Note 3) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Soldering Information ESD Tolerance (Note 2) Human Body 2 KV Machine Model 200V VIN Differential +150˚C Infrared or Convection (20 sec) 235˚C Wave Soldering Lead Temp. (10 sec) 260˚C Operating Ratings (Note 1) 2.1V Supply Voltage (V+ - V−) Voltage at Input/Output pins Storage Temperature Range Temperature Range (Note 3) 13.2V V+ +0.3V, V− −0.3V 2.7V to 12V Package Thermal Resistance (θJA (Note 3)) 5-Pin SC70 −65˚C to +150˚C Short Circuit Duration −40˚C to +85˚C Supply Voltage (V+ – V−) 456˚C/W (Note 4) 3V Electrical Characteristics (Note 5) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 3V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL = 100 kΩ to V+/2 . Boldface limits apply to the temperature range of −40˚C to 85˚C. Symbol Parameter Conditions VOS Input Offset Voltage TC VOS Input Offset Average Drift (Note 8) IB Input Bias Current (Note 9) VCM = 0.5V Min (Note 6) IOS Input Offset Current Common Mode Rejection Ratio PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 100 VCM Stepped from 2.4V to 3V 75 68 115 VCM Stepped from 0.5V to 2.5V 60 56 80 V+ = 2.7V to 5V, VCM = 0.5V 72 68 114 V+ = 3V to 5V, VCM = 0.5V 76 72 115 V+ = 5V to 12V, VCM = 0.5V 84 80 117 Large Signal Voltage Gain Sinking, VO = 2.5V −0.1 0 Sourcing, VO = 0.5V 75 70 2.85 2.8 800 1900 dB dB 3.1 3.0 105 Output Swing Low VID = −100 mV 100 150 200 Output Short Circuit Current (Note 10) Sourcing VID = 100 mV −500 −225 Supply Current www.national.com 2.90 2 V mV µA 1350 0.88 V dB VID = 100 mV 225 pA pA Output Swing High Sinking VID = −100 mV mV µV/C ± 10 AVOL Units −320 77 70 CMRR ≥ 50 dB IS ±3 ± 3.8 VCM Stepped from 0V to 1.5V Input Common-Mode Voltage Range ISC ± 0.2 110 CMVR VO Max (Note 6) ±5 −1000 –1600 VCM = 2.5V CMRR Typ (Note 7) 1.2 1.5 µA (Note 5) (Continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 3V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL = 100 kΩ to V+/2 . Boldface limits apply to the temperature range of −40˚C to 85˚C. Symbol SR GBW Parameter Slew Rate (Note 11) Conditions AV = +1, VO ramps from 0.5V to 2.5V Min (Note 6) Typ (Note 7) Max (Note 6) Units 5.25 3.10 7.7 V/ms Gain Bandwidth Product RL = 1 MΩ, CL= 50 pF 27 kHz Phase Margin RL = 1 MΩ, CL= 50 pF 53 deg en Input-Referred Voltage Noise f = 100 Hz 320 in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 10 Hz .02 f = 1 kHz .01 5V Electrical Characteristics nV/ pA/ (Note 5) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL = 100 kΩ to V+/2. Boldface limits apply to the temperature range of −40˚C to 85˚C. Symbol Parameter Conditions VOS Input Offset Voltage TC VOS Input Offset Average Drift (Note 8) IB Input Bias Current (Note 9) VCM = 0.5V Min (Note 6) Input Offset Current CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 110 115 VCM Stepped from 4.4 to 5V 75 68 107 VCM Stepped from 0.5 to 4.5V 65 62 87 V+ = 2.7V to 5V, VCM = 0.5V 72 68 114 V+ = 3V to 5V, VCM = 0.5V 76 72 115 V+ = 5V to 12V, VCM = 0.5V 84 80 117 AVOL Large Signal Voltage Gain Sinking, VO = 4.5V −0.1 0 Sourcing, VO = 0.5V 78 73 4.8 4.75 800 1900 dB dB 5.1 5 110 4.89 VID = −100 mV 110 200 250 Output Short Circuit Current (Note 10) Sourcing to V− VID = 100 mV −550 −225 3 V mV µA 1350 0.97 V dB Output Swing Low Supply Current pA pA VID = 100 mV 225 mV µV/C Output Swing High Sinking to V+ VID = −100 mV Units −320 80 73 CMRR ≥ 50 dB IS ±3 ± 3.8 VCM Stepped from 0V to 2.5V Input Common-Mode Voltage Range ISC ± 0.2 ± 10 CMVR VO Max (Note 6) ±5 −1000 −1600 VCM = 4.5V IOS Typ (Note 7) 1.2 1.5 µA www.national.com LPV511 3V Electrical Characteristics LPV511 5V Electrical Characteristics (Note 5) (Continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL = 100 kΩ to V+/2. Boldface limits apply to the temperature range of −40˚C to 85˚C. Symbol SR GBW Parameter Slew Rate (Note 11) Conditions AV = +1, VO ramps from 0.5V to 4.5V Min (Note 6) Typ (Note 7) Max (Note 6) Units 5.25 3.10 7.5 V/ms Gain Bandwidth Product RL = 1 MΩ, CL= 50 pF 27 kHz Phase Margin RL = 1 MΩ, CL= 50 pF 53 deg en Input-Referred Voltage Noise f = 100 Hz 320 in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 10 Hz .02 f = 1 kHz .01 12V Electrical Characteristics nV/ pA/ (Note 5) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 12V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL = 100 kΩ to V+/2. Boldface limits apply to the temperature range of −40˚C to 85˚C. Symbol Parameter Conditions VOS Input Offset Voltage TC VOS Input Offset Average Drift (Note 8) IB Input Bias Current (Note 9) VCM = 0.5V Min (Note 6) Input Offset Current CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 75 70 115 VCM Stepped from 11.4V to 12V 75 68 110 VCM Stepped from 0.5V to 11.5 70 65 97 V+ = 2.7V to 5V, VCM = 0.5V 72 68 114 V+ = 3V to 5V, VCM = 0.5V 76 72 115 V+ = 5V to 12V, VCM = 0.5V 84 80 117 AVOL Large Signal Voltage Gain Sinking, VO = 0.5V −0.1 0 Sourcing, VO = 11.5V 89 84 11.8 11.72 800 1900 dB dB 12.1 12 110 VID = −100 mV 150 200 280 Output Short Circuit Current (Note 10) Sourcing VID = 100 mV −650 −200 www.national.com 11.85 4 V mV µA 1300 1.2 V dB Output Swing Low Supply Current pA pA VID = 100 mV 200 mV µV/C Output Swing High Sinking VID = −100 mV Units −320 VCM Stepped from 0V to +6V CMRR ≥ 50 dB IS ±3 ± 3.8 ± 10 Input Common-Mode Voltage Range ISC ± 0.2 110 CMVR VO Max (Note 6) ±7 −1000 −1600 VCM = 11.5V IOS Typ (Note 7) 1.75 2.5 µA (Note 5) (Continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 12V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL = 100 kΩ to V+/2. Boldface limits apply to the temperature range of −40˚C to 85˚C. Symbol SR GBW Parameter Slew Rate (Note 11) Conditions AV = +1, VO ramped from 1V to 11V Min (Note 6) Typ (Note 7) Max (Note 6) Units 5.25 3.10 7.0 V/ms Gain Bandwidth Product RL = 1 MΩ, CL= 50 pF 25 kHz Phase Margin RL = 1 MΩ, CL= 50 pF 52 deg en Input-Referred Voltage Noise f = 100 Hz 320 in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 10 Hz .02 f = 1 kHz .01 nV/ pA/ Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics Tables. Note 2: Human Body Model: 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Machine Model: 0Ω in series with 200 pF. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(MAX), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(MAX) - TA)/ θJA . All numbers apply for packages soldered directly onto a PC board. Note 4: Output short circuit duration is infinite for V+ < 6V at room temperature and below. For V+ > 6V, allowable short circuit duration is 1.5 ms. Note 5: Electrical table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions result in very limited self-heating of the device. Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25˚C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlations using the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method. Note 7: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at the time of characterization. Note 8: Offset voltage average drift is determined by dividing the change in VOS at temperature extremes into the total temperature change. Note 9: Positive current corresponds to current flowing into the device. Note 10: The Short Circuit Test is a momentary test. See (Note 4). Note 11: Slew rate is the average of the rising and falling slew rates. 5 www.national.com LPV511 12V Electrical Characteristics LPV511 Connection Diagram SC70-5 20117001 Top View Ordering Information Package 5-Pin SC70 Part Number LPV511MG LPV511MGX Package Marking Transport Media 1k Units Tape and Reel A91 3k Units Tape and Reel NSC Drawing MA005A Simplified Schematic 20117002 www.national.com 6 At TJ = 25˚C, unless otherwise specified. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Input Offset Voltage vs. Input Common Mode 20117004 20117006 Input Offset Voltage vs. Input Common Mode Input Offset Voltage vs. Input Common Mode 20117007 20117005 Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage 20117011 20117009 7 www.national.com LPV511 Typical Performance Characteristics LPV511 Typical Performance Characteristics At TJ = 25˚C, unless otherwise specified. Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage (Continued) Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage 20117010 20117008 Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Voltage Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Voltage 20117014 20117015 Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Voltage PSRR vs. Frequency 20117027 20117016 www.national.com 8 Frequency Response vs. Temperature LPV511 Typical Performance Characteristics At TJ = 25˚C, unless otherwise specified. (Continued) Frequency Response vs. Temperature 20117023 20117024 Frequency Response vs. Temperature Frequency Response vs. RL 20117022 20117020 Frequency Response vs. RL Frequency Response vs. RL 20117019 20117021 9 www.national.com LPV511 Typical Performance Characteristics At TJ = 25˚C, unless otherwise specified. Frequency Response vs. CL (Continued) Frequency Response vs. CL 20117017 20117018 Frequency Response vs. CL Voltage Noise vs. Frequency 20117026 20117013 Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 20117031 www.national.com 20117030 10 Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response (Continued) Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response 20117032 20117033 11 www.national.com LPV511 Typical Performance Characteristics At TJ = 25˚C, unless otherwise specified. LPV511 Application Notes The LPV511 is fabricated with National Semiconductor’s state-of-the-art VIP50C process. INPUT STAGE The LPV511 has a rail-to-rail input which provides more flexibility for the system designer. As can be seen from the simplified schematic, rail-to-rail input is achieved by using in parallel, one PNP differential pair and one NPN differential pair. When the common mode input voltage (VCM) is near V+, the NPN pair is on and the PNP pair is off. When VCM is near V−, the NPN pair is off and the PNP pair is on. When VCM is between V+ and V−, internal logic decides how much current each differential pair will get. This special logic ensures stable and low distortion amplifier operation within the entire common mode voltage range. Because both input stages have their own offset voltage (VOS) characteristic, the offset voltage of the LPV511 becomes a function of VCM. VOS has a crossover point at 1.0V below V+. Refer to the ’VOS vs. VCM’ curve in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. Caution should be taken in situations where the input signal amplitude is comparable to the VOS value and/or the design requires high accuracy. In these situations, it is necessary for the input signal to avoid the crossover point. The input bias current, IB will change in value and polarity as the input crosses the transition region. In addition, parameters such as PSRR and CMRR which involve the input offset voltage will also be affected by changes in VCM across the differential pair transition region. 20117025 FIGURE 1. Resistive Isolation of Capacitive Load POWER SUPPLIES AND LAYOUT The LPV511 operates from a single 2.7V to 12V power supply. It is recommended to bypass the power supplies with a 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor placed close to the V+ and V− pins. Ground layout improves performance by decreasing the amount of stray capacitance and noise at the op amp’s inputs and outputs. To decrease stray capacitance, minimize PC board trace lengths and resistor leads, and place external components close to the op amps’s pins. Typical Applications BATTERY CURRENT SENSING The rail-to-rail common mode input range and the very low quiescent current make the LPV511 ideal to use in high side and low side battery current sensing applications. The high side current sensing circuit in Figure 2 is commonly used in a battery charger to monitor the charging current in order to prevent over charging. A sense resistor RSENSE is connected to the battery directly. Differential input voltage is the difference in voltage between the non-inverting (+) input and the inverting input (−) of the op amp. Due to the three series diodes across the two inputs, the absolute maximum differential input voltage is ± 2.1V. This may not be a problem to most conventional op amp designs; however, designers should avoid using the LPV511 as a comparator. OUTPUT STAGE The LPV511 output voltage swing 100 mV from rails @ 3V supply, which provides the maximum possible dynamic range at the output. This is particularly important when operating on low supply voltages. The LPV511 Maximum Output Voltage Swing defines the maximum swing possible under a particular output load. The LPV511 output swings 110 mV from the rail @ 5V supply with an output load of 100 kΩ. DRIVING CAPACITIVE LOAD The LPV511 is unity gain stable. However, the unity gain follower is the most sensitive configuration to capacitive load. Direct capacitive loading reduces the phase margin of the op amp. When the output is required to drive a large capacitive load, greater than 100 pF, a small series resistor at the output of the amplifier improves the phase margin (see Figure 1). www.national.com 20117003 FIGURE 2. High Side Current Sensing 12 LPV511 Typical Applications (Continued) SUMMING AMPLIFIER The LPV511 operational amplifier is a perfect fit in a summing amplifier circuit because of the rail-to-rail input and output and the sub-micro Amp quiescent current. In this configuration, the amplifier outputs the sum of the three input voltages. 20117029 FIGURE 3. Summing Amplifier Circuit 13 www.national.com LPV511 880 nA, Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operational Amplifier Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 5-Pin SC70 NS Package Number MAA05A National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE National Semiconductor manufactures products and uses packing materials that meet the provisions of the Customer Products Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2. Leadfree products are RoHS compliant. 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