TP11368 Octal Adaptive Differential PCM Processor General Description Features The TP11368 is an octal (8) channel Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) transcoder, fully compatible to ITU G.726 recommendation in 40 kbps, 32 kbps, 24 kbps, 16 kbps and ANSI 32 kbps modes. The TP11368 ADPCM processor can operate on up to 16 independent channels in an 8 kHz frame. Each channel is individually configured, supporting both full and half duplex operation. All input/output transfers occur on an interrupt basis using serial, double buffered data registers. Together with National’s TP3054/57 COMBO ® or TP3070/71 COMBO II devices, the TP11368 forms complete ADPCM channels with Codec/ filtering. n CCITT G.726 compatible at 40, 32, 24, 16 kbps n ANSI T1.301 compatible at 32 kbps n 16-channel half-duplex (encode or decode) or 8-channel full-duplex operation in 8 kHz frame n Each channel individually configurable n Selectable µ-law or A-law PCM coding n Asynchronous 16 MHz master clock operation n TTL and CMOS compatible inputs and outputs n 28-pin PLCC or 24-pin DIP packages n Power consumption of typ. 6 mW at +5V per full-duplex channel n On-Chip Power-On-Reset n −40˚C to +85˚C operating temperature range n Single 5V supply Block Diagram DS012902-1 FIGURE 1. Block Diagram TRI-STATE ® and COMBO ® are registered trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 1997 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012902 www.national.com TP11368 Octal Adaptive Differential PCM Processor March 1997 Connection Diagrams Plastic Chip Carrier Plastic Dual-In-Line DS012902-2 DS012902-3 Top View Order Number TP11368V See NS Package Number V28A Top View Order Number TP11368N See NS Package Number N24A Pin Descriptions CLK Master clock input. CLK may be asynchronous to PSCK or ASCK. TSI Transmit PCM serial data input. TSI is an 8-bit PCM data stream and is shifted into an 8-bit serial-to-parallel register on the falling edges of PSCK while CE and TRB are high. The last 8 bits of TSI are latched and transferred to the core for processing at the falling edge of CE. CE Chip enable input. When CE is high, it enables data transfer. The falling edge of CE latches and transfers the serial data TSI or RSI to the core for processing and strobes the control signals QSEL0, QSEL1, PCM1, EN and INIT. CE should change state only when PSCK and ASCK are high. CE, when low, sets the TSO and RSO outputs into TRI-STATE mode. TSO Transmit ADPCM TRI-STATE ® serial data output. TSO is a data bit stream of 4- to 5-bit length, and is shifted out with the rising edge of ASCK when CE is high following the processing of a transmit channel. TSO is in TRI-STATE mode while CE is low or while RSO output is active. TRB Transmitter or receiver select. A logic low at TRB selects the receiver of the channel processed. A logic high enables the transmitter of the channel processed. TRB determines which input register is enabled and which output register and output is enabled. TRB should be stable while CE is high. RSI Receive ADPCM serial data input. RSI is a data bit stream of 4- to 5-bit length, and is shifted in with the falling edges of ASCK while CE is high and TRB is low. The last 4 or 5 bits of RSI are latched and transferred to the core for processing at the falling edge of CE. EN Channel enable input. EN is strobed in with the falling edge of CE. A logic high at the falling edge of CE indicates that the channel is active, and the ADPCM will process the data just clocked in. RSO Receive PCM TRI-STATE serial data output. RSO is an 8-bit PCM data stream and is shifted out with the rising edges of PSCK when CE is high following the processing of a receive channel. RSO is in TRI-STATE mode while CE is low or while TSO output is active. INIT Channel initialization input. INIT is read at the falling edge of CE. A logic high at the falling edge of CE causes the ADPCM processor to initialize the channel currently processing. PSCK PCM serial clock input. PSCK is used to shift PCM data into TSI or out of RSO while CE is active (high). The transfer depends on the logic state of TRB. PCM1 PCM coding law select. A logic low at PCM1 selects 8-bit µ-law, while a logic high selects 8-bit A-law with even bit inversion. ASCK ADPCM serial clock input. ASCK is used to shift ADPCM data into RSI or out of TSO while CE is active (high). The transfer depends on the logic state of TRB. www.national.com 2 Pin Descriptions QSEL0, QSEL1 TST0, TST1, TST2 Test inputs for factory testing purposes. TST0–2 should be tied low for normal operation. ADPCM bit rate select inputs. The QSEL0 and QSE1 signals are strobed in with the falling edge of CE. The QSEL0 and QSEL1 select the conversion bit rate of the PCM data just clocked in at the TSI input or the bit rate of the ADPCM data just clocked in at the RSI input. See Table 1. VCC1, VCC2 Positive power supply input pins. VCC = 5V ± 5%. A 0.1 µF bypass capacitor should be connected between VCC1 and GND1, and VCC2 and GND2. (Continued) RSTB Chip reset input. A low to high transition at RSTB initiates the reset sequence which initializes the channel variables for all 16 channels. A logic low applied to this pin sets the transcoder into a low power dissipation mode. RSTB should be pulled high for normal operation. GND1, GND2 Ground input pins. NC Not connected. Functional Description ASCK into a 5-bit ADPCM serial register. Within the next cycle of CE, the decoder converts the ADPCM input data to an 8-bit companded PCM data after 123 master clocks (CLK). The 8-bit parallel PCM data is loaded into a parallel-to-serial shift register and shifted out at the RSO output with the rising edges of PSCK. Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) is a transcoding algorithm for voice and voice band data transmission. The use of ADPCM reduces the channel bandwidth requirements from the standard 64 kbps PCM signal by a factor of two or more. It is used for converting a 64 kbps A-law or µ-law PCM channel to and from a 40, 32, 24 or 16 kbps channel. The 8-bit PCM signal is reduced to 2–5 bits ADPCM signal depending on the selected bit rate in the encoder. The TP11368 meets the ITU (CCITT) G.726 recommendation for 40, 32, 24, and 16 kbps ADPCM, as well as ANSI T1.301 for 32 kbps. Each channel can be operated with an independently selectable bit rate determined by QSEL1 and QSEL0 (see Table 1). PCM to ADPCM Encoding Operation A logic “1” of TRB at the falling edge of CE sets the ADPCM processor to the encoding mode. Data applied at the TSI input is sampled in an internal 8-bit PCM register with the falling edge of PSCK. During the next cycle of CE, the encoder converts the companded 8-bit PCM data into a 5-, 4-, 3- or 2-bit ADPCM data, which will be shifted out during the third cycle of CE at the TSO output with the rising edges of ASCK. The TP11368 requires one master clock signal CLK. The master clock signal CLK is not required to be synchronous to the serial I/O clocks ASCK or PSCK. The serial interface uses the serial clocks ASCK and PSCK and chip enable CE for receiving and transmitting data. The data is internally synchronized to the master clock CLK. There is a lower limit of the clock frequency for CLK resulting from the number of clock cycles required for processing the data. Table 2 shows the required clock cycles per channel depending on the selected mode. TABLE 1. Bit Rate Selection QSEL1 QSEL0 ADPCM Bit Rate 0 0 32 kbps 0 1 24 kbps 1 0 16 kbps 1 1 40 kbps The ADPCM encoder converts the 64 kbps A-law or µ-law PCM input signal to a uniform PCM signal which is subtracted from an estimated signal obtained from an adaptive predictor. A 31-, 15-, 7-, or 4-level non-uniform quantizer is used to assign five, four, three or two binary digits, respectively, to the value of the difference signal for transmission. The ADPCM decoder reconstructs the original PCM signal by adding the received quantized signal to the signal estimation calculated by the predictor. A synchronous coding adjustment unit prevents cumulative distortion occurring on synchronous tandem codings (ADPCM-PCM-ADPCM) under certain conditions. TABLE 2. Processing Cycles Mode of Operation CLK Cycles Needed Decoder 123 Encoder 123 Initialized Channel 45 Disabled Channel 4 The sampling period (usually 125 µs for 8 kHz frame) divided by the number of CLK cycles gives the required minimum CLK period. A slightly higher CLK frequency is used in order to allow for jitter and inaccuracies in the CLK rate. As an example, for an eight channel ADPCM codec, CLK frequency is 16 MHz as shown in the following calculations: tCLK = 125 µs/(16 * 123) = 63.5 ns The adaptive predictor consists of two independent predictor structures. One structure uses a second order recursive filter which models the poles, and the other uses a sixth order non-recursive filter which models the zeros in the input signal. This dual structure enables effective handling of both speech and voice band data signals. fCLKmin = 1/tCLK = 15.75 MHz fCLKnom = 16.0 MHz ADPCM PROCESSING ADPCM to PCM Decoding Operation When a logic “0” of TRB is latched in with the falling edge of CE, the ADPCM processor is set to the decoding mode. Data applied at the RSI input is sampled with the falling edge of The period of CE must be equal to or greater than the required number of CLK cycles times the period of CLK. CE must be low for more than 4 CLK cycles. 3 www.national.com Functional Description the input register and transfers the last 8 bits data prior to the CE transition to the core for processing. The 8-bit PCM input register is cleared asynchronously with RSTB going low. (Continued) The TP11368 is capable of processing 16 independent channels (half duplex) or 8 full-duplex PCM channels within 125 µs (8 kHz). The logic state of TRB at the falling edge of CE determines which input register is active during that CE period and which output register will be active in the following third CE period. The input data is processed (PCM data encoded or ADPCM data decoded) during the second cycle and shifted out in the third cycle of CE while CE is high. ADPCM Serial Input Register The ADPCM serial input register is a 5-bit shift register to store the 5-bit data in the 40 kbps ADPCM mode. Serial input data is latched in with the falling edges of ASCK while CE is high and TRB is low. A minimum number of five low going ASCK pulses must be available within the CE pulse when operating in the 40 kbps mode. For the 32, 24 and 16 kbps modes, a minimum of four low going ASCK pulses must be available while CE is high. The falling edge of CE latches the last 5 bits data in the 40 kbps mode or the last 4 bits data in the 32, 24, and 16 kbps modes prior to the CE transistion. See Table 3 for the position of the ADPCM data in the 5-bit input register when 5 ASCK low going pulses occur while CE is high and TRB is low. Note that bit 1 in Table 3 is the LSB. SERIAL I/O Input data is transferred into the TP11368 on the falling edge of the clock signal, while output data is transmitted on the rising edge of the clock signal. PCM data is transferred synchronously using PSCK, while ADPCM data is transferred synchronously using ASCK. The clock signals ASCK and PSCK should be high while CE changes. All serial data is transferred with MSB first. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the serial input and output structures, respectively. PCM Serial Input Register The serial PCM data to be encoded is shifted into the 8-bit PCM input register with the falling edges of PSCK while CE and TRB are high. The falling edge of CE latches the state of DS012902-4 FIGURE 2. Serial Input Structure PCM Output Register The decoded 8-bit parallel PCM data is loaded into an 8-bit parallel-to-serial output shift register with the falling edge of CE. The MSB data is shifted out with the leading edge of CE, and subsequent data are shifted out with the rising edges of PSCK while CE is high. The 8-bit PCM data at the RSO output will recirculate with the MSB first after the seventh rising edge of PSCK while CE is high. ADPCM Output Register The internal encoded parallel ADPCM data is loaded into the 5-bit ADPCM output register with the falling edge of CE signal. The first MSB data is shifted out after the rising edge of CE, subsequent ADPCM serial data is shifted out with the rising edge of ASCK. Table 4 shows the transfer order of the ADPCM output data. If more than 4 ASCK clocks are available while CE is high in the 32, 24, and 16 kbps modes, the ADPCM output data will recirculate starting with the MSB. In the case of the 40 kbps mode, the ADPCM output pattern will recirculate, starting with the MSB, with the fifth rising edge of ASCK while CE is high. www.national.com Figure 4 shows the full duplex timing diagram for the 40 kbps mode. For the 32, 24 and 16 kbps modes only four ASCK low pulses are needed while CE is high (see Figure 5). TRB is alternate high and low in the full duplex mode at each falling edge of CE for a transmit (encoder) operation followed 4 Functional Description latched and transferred to the core at the falling edge of CE while TRB is low. The data is processed within 123 CLK periods and the decoded 8-bit PCM data is shifted out with the MSB first. PSCK and ASCK are the clocks for the PCM and ADPCM data streams, respectively. They must be high during the transition of CE. Note that PSCK and ASCK are shown as gated clocks as an option to conserve power. PSCK and ASCK need only be valid while CE is high. (Continued) by a receive (decoder) operation. For the encoding operation, the PCM data is stored in the 8-bit shift register at the falling edge of CE while TRB is high. The TP11368 processes the data within 123 CLK periods during the following cycle of CE. The encoded ADPCM data is loaded into the 5-bit parallel-to-serial output register with the falling edge of CE. The MSB data is shifted out first with the leading edge of CE, and subsequent data is shifted out with the rising edge of ASCK. For the decoding operation, the ADPCM data is DS012902-5 FIGURE 3. Serial Output Structure 5 www.national.com FIGURE 4. Full Duplex Timing Diagram (40 kbps ADPCM mode) DS012902-6 Functional Description www.national.com (Continued) 6 (Continued) FIGURE 5. Full Duplex Timing Diagram (32 kbps ADPCM mode) DS012902-7 Functional Description Table 3 shows the position of the ADPCM data in the 5-bit input register when five ASCK low going pulses are available while CE is high. Only the last four bits of the ADPCM input register prior to the falling edge of CE are latched in and transferred to the core for processing in the 32, 24 and 16 kbps modes. In the 40 kbps mode, the last five bits prior to 7 www.national.com Functional Description Table 4 shows the transfer order of the ADPCM output data. In the case where there are more ASCK clocks than the ADPCM data, the ADPCM output will recirculate. For example, if the 32 kbps mode is selected, and eight low pulses of ASCK exist within the CE high pulse, the following ADPCM encoded data D3-D2-D1-D0-D3-D2-D1-D0 will appear at the TSO output (Table 5). (Continued) the falling edge of CE are latched in. In Table 3, the last input bit prior to to the CE falling edge is the LSB of the ADPCM data word. Note that the serial input data is referenced to the falling edge of CE while the serial output data is referenced to the rising edge of CE. TABLE 3. Transfer Order of ADPCM Input Data (RSI). The Last Bit Prior[to] the Falling Edge of CE is the LSB of the ADPCM Data QSEL1 QSEL0 Mode Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 0 0 32 kbps x D3 D2 D1 D0 0 1 24 kbps x D2 D1 D0 x 1 0 16 kbps x D1 D0 x x 1 1 40 kbps D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 (MSB) (LSB) Note 1: x = Don’t Care state TABLE 4. Transfer Order of ADPCM Output Data (TSO) with 4 ASCK Rising Edgesile CE is High (the First Bit is the MSB Data Bit following the Rising Edge of CE) QSEL1 QSEL0 Mode Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 0 0 32 kbps D3 D2 D1 D0 D3 0 1 24 kbps D2 D1 D0 x D2 1 0 16 kbps D1 D0 x x D1 1 1 40 kbps D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 (MSB) (LSB) Note 2: x = unknown (but defined) state TABLE 5. Transfer Order of ADPCM Output Data (TSO)th 7 Rising Edges (7 Low Pulses) while CE is High QSEL1 QSEL0 Mode Bit 8 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 0 0 32 kbps D3 D2 D1 D0 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 1 24 kbps D2 D1 D0 x D2 D1 D0 x 1 0 16 kbps D1 D0 x x D1 D0 x x 1 1 40 kbps D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D4 D3 D2 Note 3: x = unknown (but defined) state that CE be kept low during the initialization phase.The recommended values for ASCK and PSCK during initialization are logic “1”, and that for TSI and RSI logic “0”. Any data (TSI and RSI) applied during the initialization phase will be lost, however, they won’t affect the proper initialization process. The minimum low time of RSTB is 2 CLK cycles. SINGLE-CHANNEL INITIALIZATION AND ALL-CHANNEL RESET The TP11368 ADPCM processor can be initialized on a per-channel basis via the use of INIT or on an all-channel basis via the use of RSTB. In both cases, the internal ADPCM variables are initialized to the default values as suggested by the ITU G.726 recommendation. An individual channel can be initialized to the desired configuration by setting the corresponding data variables PCM1, EN, QSEL(0,1) and by asserting the INIT pin high. The configuration data and INIT signal are strobed at the falling edge of CE. For an initialization cycle, the period of CE must be 45 master clock (CLK) cycles. The transcoder is then ready to process the next channel. The active low RSTB signal is used for a “warm” reset as well as for facilitating device testing. The initialization of the internal memory takes 726 CLK cycles after the RSTB goes inactive (logic “1”). The first transition of CE is allowed six CLK cycles after RSTB goes inactive. It is recommended www.national.com The chip resumes operation on the first negative edge of CE after the completion of the initialization. POWER-ON-RESET The on-chip Power-On-Reset macro is activated when external power is first applied to the device. It has the same function as the external RSTB pin which initializes all channels to the default values defined in the ITU Recommendation G.726. At power up, the outputs TSO and RSO are in TRI-STATE mode. This “cold” reset process is asynchronous and takes approximately 2000 CLK cycles for the initialization. 8 Functional Description (Continued) CHANNEL NOP Each channel can be independently disabled. When EN is at logic low on the falling edge of CE, the ADPCM transcoder processing for that channel is disabled. The processor requires 4 CLK cycles for CE to maintain all channel variables. The data output ports are also placed in known states. After this the processor waits for the next interrupt. TSO outputs the following data after a channel NOP: TABLE 6. TSO at Channel NOP QSEL1 QSEL0 Mode 0 0 32 kbps 0000 TSO 0 1 24 kbps 0000 1 0 16 kbps 0000 1 1 40 kbps 00000 The data pattern at TSO in Table 6 are shown with four ASCK clocks within the CE high pulse for the 32- , 24-, 16-kbps modes and five ASCK clocks within the CE high pulse for the 40 kbps mode. In the case where ASCK pulses are more than four or five, the given pattern recirculates with the MSB first. In the idle state, RSO outputs the following data (bit representation with the sign-bit on the left followed by the MSB, the sign-bit is the first bit after the rising edge of CE): TABLE 7. RSO at Channel NOP PCM1 Mode RSO 0 8-Bit µ-Law 11111111 1 8-Bit A-Law 11010101 9 www.national.com Absolute Maximum Ratings Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) Latch-up Immunity on any Pin θJA (28-pin PLCC) θJA (24-pin DIP) (Note *NO TGT: FNXref NS0466*) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. VCC to GND Voltage at Any Digital Inputs or Outputs 7V −45˚C to +125˚C 300˚C ± 75 mA 79˚C/W 49˚C/W GND − 0.3V to VCC + 0.3V DC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, limits printed in bold characters are guaranteed forVCC = 5.0V ± 5%, GND1 = GND2 = 0V, TA = −40˚C to +85˚C by correlation with 100% electrical testing at TA = 25˚C. All other limits are assured by correlation with other production tests and/or product design and characterization. Typical values are specified at VCC = +5V, TA = 25˚C. Symbol ICC0 Parameter Supply Current Conditions CLK = 16.0 MHz, RSTB = Low Min Typ Max Units 1.8 mA 12 mA (Power Down Mode) ICC1 Supply Current CLK = 16.0 MHz, RSTB = High 10 (Power Up Mode) PD Power Dissipation VIL Input Low Voltage For ASCK, PSCK, CE, TRB, VIH Input High Voltage CLK, RSTB VIL Input Low Voltage For PCM1, RSI, TSI, QSEL0, VIH Input High Voltage VOL Output Low Voltage QSEL1, INIT, EN IL = 4 mA VOH Output High Voltage 50 mW 0.8 2.4 V 0.7 V 0.4 V 2.0 IL = −4 mA IL = −0.4 mA; VCC = 4.75V IIL Input Low Current GND < VIN < VIL, All Signal Inputs IIH Input High Current VIH < VIN < VCC, All Signal Inputs IOZ Output Current in High V 2.4 V VCC − 0.8 V −10 µA Test Inputs TST0, TST1, TST2 (Note 4) GND < VO < VCC, TSO and RS0 V 10 µA 150 µA 10 µA pF −10 Impedance State CI Input Capacitance 10 CO Output Capacitance 10 pF CL Capacitive Load 100 pF Note 4: Test inputs have internal pull-down resistor. Timing Specifications Unless otherwise noted, limits printed in bold characters are guaranteed for VCC = 5.0V ± 5%, GND1 = GND2 = 0V, TA = −40˚C to +85˚C by correlation with 100% electrical testing at TA = 25˚C. All other limits are assured by correlation with other production tests and/or product design and characterization. Typical values are specified at VCC = +5V, TA = 25˚C. Symbol Parameter fCLK CLK Frequency (Note 5) tCLK CLK Duty-Cycle Conditions Assuming 50% Duty Cycle Min Typ Max Units 15.8 16 18 MHz 40% 50% 60% CLK Period tr Rise Time (CLK, CE, 10 ns 10 ns ASCK, PSCK) tf Fall Time (CLK, CE, ASCK, PSCK) tCEP CE Period Encode or Decode 123 CLK Initialization 45 Cycles Disable tCEL www.national.com 9 CE Pulse Width, Low 4 10 CLK Cycles Timing Specifications (Continued) Unless otherwise noted, limits printed in bold characters are guaranteed for VCC = 5.0V ± 5%, GND1 = GND2 = 0V, TA = −40˚C to +85˚C by correlation with 100% electrical testing at TA = 25˚C. All other limits are assured by correlation with other production tests and/or product design and characterization. Typical values are specified at VCC = +5V, TA = 25˚C. Symbol tHDCEL Parameter Conditions Hold Time, CE low after Min Typ Max Units 15 ns 15 ns PSCK/ASCK High tSUCEH Setup Time, CE High Before PSCK/ASCK Low tTRBH TRB Hold Time From CE Low 20 ns tTRBS TRB Setup Time From ASCK Low and PSCK Low 20 ns tIS TSI, RSI Setup Time From ASCK Low and PSCK Low 20 ns tIH TSI, RSI Hold Time From ASCK Low and PSCK Low 20 ns tPSCK/ASCK PSCK/ASCK High and 55 ns Low Times tON TSO, RSO Turn On Time From CE High 40 ns tOD TSO, RSO Propagation From ASCK High or PSCK High 40 ns From CE Low 20 ns Delay Time tOFF TSO, RSO Turn Off Time (Valid Data to TRI-STATE) tCS Setup Time for Control From CE Low Signals (INIT, EN, 20 ns 20 ns PCM1, QSEL1, QSEL0) tCH Hold Time for Control From CE Low Signals (INIT, EN, PCM1, QSEL1, QSEL0) tRSTL RSTB Pulse Width Low 2 CLK Cycles tRSTH RSTB High to the First 6 CE High-Low Transition CLK Cycles Note 5: Values for 8 full-duplex (decoding and encoding) or 16 half-duplex (decoding or encoding) channels operation in a 125 µs period. 11 www.national.com (Continued) FIGURE 6. ADPCM Timing DS012902-8 Timing Specifications www.national.com 12 Applications Information DS012902-9 FIGURE 7. Typical Application of ADPCM Transcoders in an E1 Trunk 13 www.national.com Applications Information (Continued) DS012902-10 FIGURE 8. Timing Diagram of 4 TP11368 (Encoding) in an E1 Trunk Pair Gain System www.national.com 14 Applications Information (Continued) DS012902-11 FIGURE 9. Timing Diagram of ADPCM Decoding Processor 15 www.national.com 16 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 24-Lead (0.600" Wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package Order Number TP11368N NS Package Number N24A 17 www.national.com TP11368 Octal Adaptive Differential PCM Processor Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 28-Lead Molded Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Order Number TP11368V NS Package Number V28A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 2. A critical component in any component of a life support 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or sysdevice or system whose failure to perform can be reatems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into sonably expected to cause the failure of the life support the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose faildevice or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. ure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 85 English Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 78 32 Français Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 93 58 Italiano Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-534 16 80 National Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd. 13th Floor, Straight Block, Ocean Centre, 5 Canton Rd. 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