ADC08D1520 Low Power, 8-Bit, Dual 1.5 GSPS or Single 3.0 GSPS A/D Converter General Description Features The ADC08D1520 is a dual, low power, high performance CMOS analog-to-digital converter that builds upon the ADC08D1500 platform. The ADC08D1520 digitizes signals to 8 bits of resolution at sample rates up to 1.7 GSPS. It has expanded features compared to the ADC08D1500, which include a test pattern output for system debug, a clock phase adjust, and selectable output demultiplexer modes. Consuming a typical 1.6 Watts in Non-Demultiplex Mode at 1.0 GSPS from a single 1.9 Volt supply, this device is guaranteed to have no missing codes over the full operating temperature range. The unique folding and interpolating architecture, the fully differential comparator design, the innovative design of the internal sample-and-hold amplifier and the self-calibration scheme enable a very flat response of all dynamic parameters beyond Nyquist, producing a high 7.4 Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) with a 748 MHz input signal and a 1.5 GHz sample rate while providing a 10-18 Code Error Rate (C.E.R.) Output formatting is offset binary and the Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) digital outputs are compatible with IEEE 1596.3-1996, with the exception of an adjustable common mode voltage between 0.8V and 1.2V. Each converter has a selectable output demultiplexer which feeds two LVDS buses. If the 1:2 Demultiplexed Mode is selected, the output data rate is reduced to half the input sample rate on each bus. When Non-Demultiplexed Mode is selected, the output data rate on channels DI and DQ is at the same rate as the input sample clock. The two converters can be interleaved and used as a single 3 GSPS ADC. The converter typically consumes less than 3.5 mW in the Power Down Mode and is available in a leaded or lead-free, 128-pin, thermally enhanced, exposed pad, LQFP and operates over the Industrial (-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C) temperature range. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Single +1.9V ±0.1V Operation Interleave Mode for 2x Sample Rate Multiple ADC Synchronization Capability Adjustment of Input Full-Scale Range, Clock Phase, and Offset Choice of SDR or DDR Output Clocking 1:1 or 1:2 Selectable Output Demux Second DCLK Output Duty Cycle Corrected Sample Clock Test pattern Key Specifications ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Resolution 8 Bits Max Conversion Rate 1.5 GSPS (max) Code Error Rate 10-18 (typ) ENOB @ 748 MHz Input 7.4 Bits (typ) DNL ±0.15 LSB (typ) Power Consumption (Non-DES Mode) 1.6 W (typ) — Operating in Non-demux Mode 2.0 W (typ) — Operating in 1:2 Demux Mode 3.5 mW (typ) — Power Down Mode Applications ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Direct RF Down Conversion Digital Oscilloscopes Satellite Set-top boxes Communications Systems Test Instrumentation Ordering Information Industrial Temperature Range (-40°C < TA < +85°C) NS Package ADC08D1520CIYB Leaded 128-Pin Exposed Pad LQFP ADC08D1520CIYB/NOPB Lead-free 128-Pin Exposed Pad LQFP ADC08D1520DEV Development Board © 2009 National Semiconductor Corporation 201931 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Low Power, 8-Bit, Dual 1.5 GSPS or Single 3.0 GSPS A/D Converter November 20, 2009 ADC08D1520 Block Diagram 20193153 www.national.com 2 ADC08D1520 Pin Configuration 20193101 Note: The exposed pad on the bottom of the package must be soldered to a ground plane to ensure rated performance. 3 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Pin Descriptions and Equivalent Circuits Pin Functions Pin No. Symbol 3 OutV / SCLK 29 PDQ Equivalent Circuit Description Output Voltage Amplitude and Serial Interface Clock. Tie this pin logic high for normal differential DCLK and data amplitude. Ground this pin for a reduced differential output amplitude and reduced power consumption. See 1.1.6 The LVDS Outputs. When the Extended Control Mode is enabled, this pin functions as the SCLK input which clocks in the serial data. See 1.2 NON-EXTENDED AND EXTENDED CONTROL MODE for details on the Extended Control Mode. See 1.3 THE SERIAL INTERFACE for description of the serial interface. Power Down Q-channel. A logic high on the PDQ pin puts only the Q-channel into the Power Down Mode. OutEdge / DDR / SDATA DCLK Edge Select, Double Data Rate Enable and Serial Data Input. This input sets the output edge of DCLK+ at which the output data transitions. See 1.1.5.2 OutEdge and Demultiplex Control Setting. When this pin is floating or connected to 1/2 the supply voltage, DDR clocking is enabled. When the Extended Control Mode is enabled, this pin functions as the SDATA input. See 1.2 NON-EXTENDED AND EXTENDED CONTROL MODE for details on the Extended Control Mode. See 1.3 THE SERIAL INTERFACE for description of the serial interface. 15 DCLK_RST / DCLK_RST+ DCLK Reset. When single-ended DCLK_RST is selected by floating or setting pin 52 logic high, a positive pulse on this pin is used to reset and synchronize the DCLK outputs of multiple converters. See 1.5 MULTIPLE ADC SYNCHRONIZATION for detailed description. When differential DCLK_RST is selected by setting pin 52 logic low, this pin receives the positive polarity of a differential pulse signal used to reset and synchronize the DCLK outputs of multiple converters. 26 PD Power Down Pins. A logic high on the PD pin puts the entire device into the Power Down Mode. CAL Calibration Cycle Initiate. A minimum tCAL_L input clock cycles logic low followed by a minimum of tCAL_H input clock cycles high on this pin initiates the self calibration sequence. See 2.4.2 Calibration for an overview of calibration and 2.4.2.2 On-Command Calibration for a description of oncommand calibration. The calibration cycle may similarly be initiated via the CAL bit in the Calibration register (0h). 4 30 www.national.com 4 Pin No. 14 127 18 19 10 11 22 23 Symbol Equivalent Circuit Description FSR/ALT_ECE/ DCLK_RST- Full Scale Range Select, Alternate Extended Control Enable and DCLK_RST-. This pin has three functions. It can conditionally control the ADC full-scale voltage, enable the Extended Control Mode, or become the negative polarity signal of a differential pair in differential DCLK_RST mode. If pin 52 is floating or at logic high and pin 41 is floating, this pin can be used to set the full-scale-range or can be used as an alternate Extended Control Mode enable pin. When used as the FSR pin, a logic low on this pin sets the full-scale differential input range to a reduced VIN input level . A logic high on this pin sets the full-scale differential input range to a higher VIN input level. See Converter Electrical Characteristics. To enable the Extended Control Mode, whereby the serial interface and control registers are employed, allow this pin to float or connect it to a voltage equal to VA/2. See 1.2 NON-EXTENDED AND EXTENDED CONTROL MODE for information on the Extended Control Mode. Note that pin 41 overrides the Extended Control Mode enable of this pin. When pin 52 is held at logic low, this pin acts as the DCLK_RST- pin. When in differential DCLK_RST mode, there is no pin-controlled FSR and the full-scale-range is defaulted to the higher VIN input level. CalDly / DES / SCS Calibration Delay, Dual Edge Sampling and Serial Interface Chip Select. In non-extended control mode, this pin functions as the Calibration Delay select. A logic high or low the number of input clock cycles after power up before calibration begins (See 1.1.1 Calibration). When this pin is floating or connected to a voltage equal to VA/2, DES (Dual Edge Sampling) Mode is selected where the I-channel is sampled at twice the input clock rate and the Q-channel is ignored. See 1.1.5.1 Dual-Edge Sampling. In extended control mode, this pin acts as the enable pin for the serial interface input and the CalDly value becomes "0" (short delay with no provision for a long power-up calibration delay). CLK+ CLK- Differential clock input pins for the ADC. The differential clock signal must be a.c. coupled to these pins. The input signal is sampled on the falling edge of CLK+. See 1.1.2 Acquiring the Input for a description of acquiring the input and 2.3 THE CLOCK INPUTS for an overview of the clock inputs. VINIVINI+ VINQ+ VINQ− Analog signal inputs to the ADC. The differential full-scale input range of this input is programmable using the FSR pin 14 in Non-Extended Control Mode and the Input Full-Scale Voltage Adjust register in the Extended Control Mode. Refer to the VIN specification in the Converter Electrical Characteristics for the full-scale input range in the NonExtended Control Mode. Refer to 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION for the full-scale input range in the Extended Control Mode. 5 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Pin Functions ADC08D1520 Pin Functions Pin No. Symbol Equivalent Circuit Description 7 VCMO Common Mode Voltage. This pin is the common mode output in d.c. coupling mode and also serves as the a.c. coupling mode select pin. When d.c. coupling is used at the analog inputs, the voltage output at this pin is required to be the common mode input voltage at VIN+ and VIN−. When a.c. coupling is used, this pin should be grounded. This pin is capable of sourcing or sinking 100 μA. See 2.2 THE ANALOG INPUT. 31 VBG Bandgap output voltage. This pin is capable of sourcing or sinking 100 μA and can drive a load up to 80 pF. 126 CalRun 32 REXT 34 35 41 52 www.national.com Calibration Running indication. This pin is at a logic high when calibration is running. External bias resistor connection. Nominal value is 3.3 kΩ (±0.1%) to ground. See 1.1.1 Calibration. Tdiode_P Tdiode_N Temperature Diode Positive (Anode) and Negative (Cathode). These pins may be used for die temperature measurements, however no specified accuracy is implied or guaranteed. Noise coupling from adjacent output data signals has been shown to affect temperature measurements using this feature. See 2.6.2 Thermal Management. ECE Extended Control Enable. This pin always enables or disables Extended Control Mode. When this pin is set logic high, the Extended Control Mode is inactive and all control of the device must be through control pins only . When it is set logic low, the Extended Control Mode is active. This pin overrides the Extended Control Enable signal set using pin 14. DRST_SEL DCLK_RST select. This pin selects whether the DCLK is reset using a single-ended or differential signal. When this pin is floating or logic high, the DCLK_RST operation is single-ended and pin 14 functions as FSR/ALT_ECE. When this pin is logic low, the DCLK_RST operation becomes differential with functionality on pin 15 (DCLK_RST+) and pin 14 (DCLK_RST-). When in differential DCLK_RST mode, there is no pin-controlled FSR and the full-scale-range is defaulted to the higher VIN input level. When pin 41 is set logic low, the Extended Control Mode is active and the FullScale Voltage Adjust registers can be programmed. 6 ADC08D1520 Pin Functions Pin No. Symbol 83 / 78 84 / 77 85 / 76 86 / 75 89 / 72 90 / 71 91 / 70 92 / 69 93 / 68 94 / 67 95 / 66 96 / 65 100 / 61 101 / 60 102 / 59 103 / 58 DI7− / DQ7− DI7+ / DQ7+ DI6− / DQ6− DI6+ / DQ6+ DI5− / DQ5− DI5+ / DQ5+ DI4− / DQ4− DI4+ / DQ4+ DI3− / DQ3− DI3+ / DQ3+ DI2− / DQ2− DI2+ / DQ2+ DI1− / DQ1− DI1+ / DQ1+ DI0− / DQ0− DI0+ / DQ0+ I- and Q-channel LVDS Data Outputs that are not delayed in the output demultiplexer. Compared with the DId and DQd outputs, these outputs represent the later time samples. These outputs should always be terminated with a 100Ω differential resistor. In Non-demultiplexed Mode, only these outputs are active. 104 / 57 105 / 56 106 / 55 107 / 54 111 / 50 112 / 49 113 / 48 114 / 47 115 / 46 116 / 45 117 / 44 118 / 43 122 / 39 123 / 38 124 / 37 125 / 36 DId7− / DQd7− DId7+ / DQd7+ DId6− / DQd6− DId6+ / DQd6+ DId5− / DQd5− DId5+ / DQd5+ DId4− / DQd4− DId4+ / DQd4+ DId3− / DQd3− DId3+ / DQd3+ DId2− / DQd2− DId2+ / DQd2+ DId1− / DQd1− DId1+ / DQd1+ DId0− / DQd0− DId0+ / DQd0+ I- and Q-channel LVDS Data Outputs that are delayed by one CLK cycle in the output demultiplexer. Compared with the DI and DQ outputs, these outputs represent the earlier time sample. These outputs should always be terminated with a 100Ω differential resistor. In Non-demultiplexed Mode, these outputs are disabled and are high impedance. When disabled, these outputs must be left floating. OR+/DCLK2+ OR-/DCLK2- Out Of Range, second Data Clock output. When functioning as OR+/-, a differential high at these pins indicates that the differential input is out of range (outside the range ±VIN/2 as programmed by the FSR pin in Non-extended Control Mode or the Input Full-Scale Voltage Adjust register setting in the Extended Control Mode). This single out of range indication is for both the I- and Q-channels, unless PDQ is asserted, in which case it only applies to the I-channel input. When functioning as DCLK2+/-, DCLK2 is the exact replica of DCLK and outputs the same signal at the same rate. The functionality of these pins is selectable in Extended Control Mode only; default is OR+/-. 79 80 Equivalent Circuit Description 7 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Pin Functions Pin No. Symbol Equivalent Circuit Description Data Clock. Differential Clock outputs used to latch the output data. Delayed and non-delayed data outputs are supplied synchronously to this signal. In 1:2 Demux Mode, this signal is at 1/2 the input clock rate in SDR mode and at 1/4 the input clock rate in the DDR mode. In the Non-demux Mode, DCLK can only be in DDR mode and is at 1/2 the input clock rate. By default, the DCLK outputs are not active during the termination resistor trim section of the calibration cycle. If a system requires DCLK to run continuously during a calibration cycle, the termination resistor trim portion of the cycle can be disabled by setting the Resistor Trim Disable (RTD) bit to logic high in the Extended Configuration Register. This disables all subsequent termination resistor trims after the initial trim which occurs during power-on calibration. This output is not recommended as a system clock unless the resistor trim is disabled. 81 82 DCLKDCLK+ 2, 5, 8, 13, 16, 17, 20, 25, 28, 33, 128 VA Analog power supply pins. Bypass these pins to ground. 40, 51, 62, 73, 88, 99, 110, 121 VDR Output Driver power supply pins. Bypass these pins to DR GND. 1, 6, 9, 12, 21, 24, 27 GND Ground return for VA. 42, 53, 64, 74, 87, 97, 108, 119 DR GND Ground return for VDR. 63, 98, 109, 120 NC www.national.com No Connection. Make no connection to these pins. 8 Operating Ratings (Note 1, Note 2) −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (Note 1, Note 2) Ambient Temperature Range If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage (VA) Driver Supply Voltage (VDR) Analog Input Common Mode Voltage VIN+, VIN- Voltage Range (Maintaining Common Mode) Supply Voltage (VA, VDR) Supply Difference VDR - VA Voltage on Any Input Pin (Except VIN+, VIN- ) Voltage on VIN+, VIN(Maintaining Common Mode) Ground Difference |GND - DR GND| Input Current at Any Pin (Note 3) Package Input Current (Note 3) 2.2V +1.8V to +2.0V +1.8V to VA VCMO ±50 mV 0V to 2.15V (100% duty cycle) 0V to 2.5V (10% duty cycle) 0V to 100 mV Ground Difference (|GND - DR GND|) CLK Pins Voltage Range Differential CLK Amplitude −0.15V to (VA +0.15V) Power Dissipation at TA ≤ 85°C ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) Human Body Model Machine Model Charged Device Model Storage Temperature -0.15V to 2.5V 0V to 100 mV ±25 mA ±50 mA 0V 0V to VA 0.4VP-P to 2.0VP-P Package Thermal Resistance Package θJA θJC Top of Package θJC Thermal Pad 128-Lead, Exposed Pad LQFP 26°C / W 10°C / W 2.8°C / W 2.35 W 2500V 250V 1000V −65°C to +150°C Soldering process must comply with National Semiconductor’s Reflow Temperature Profile specifications. Refer to www.national.com/packaging. (Note 5) Converter Electrical Characteristics The following specifications apply after calibration for VA = VDR = +1.9V; OutV = 1.9V; VIN FSR (a.c. coupled) = differential 870 mVP-P; CL = 10 pF; Differential, a.c. coupled Sine Wave Input Clock, fCLK = 1.5 GHz at 0.5 VP-P with 50% duty cycle; VBG = Floating; Non-extended Control Mode; SDR Mode; REXT = 3300 Ω ±0.1%; Analog Signal Source Impedance = 100 Ω Differential; 1:2 Demultiplex Mode; Duty Cycle Stabilizer on. Boldface limits apply for TA = TMIN to TMAX. All other limits TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. (Note 6, Note 7, Note 16) Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 8) Limits (Note 8) Units (Limits) STATIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS INL Integral Non-Linearity (Best fit) DC Coupled, 1 MHz Sine Wave Overranged ±0.3 ±0.9 LSB (max) DNL Differential Non-Linearity DC Coupled, 1 MHz Sine Wave Overranged ±0.15 ±0.6 LSB (max) 8 Bits Resolution with No Missing Codes VOFF Offset Error VOFF_ADJ Input Offset Adjustment Range Extended Control Mode PFSE Positive Full-Scale Error (Note 9) NFSE Negative Full-Scale Error (Note 9) FS_ADJ Full-Scale Adjustment Range Extended Control Mode −0.75 LSB ±45 ±20 mV ±25 mV (max) ±25 mV (max) ±15 %FS 1:2 DEMUX NON-DES MODE, DYNAMIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS; FCLK = 1.5 GHZ FPBW Full Power Bandwidth C.E.R. Code Error Rate Gain Flatness Non-DES Mode 2.0 GHz 10−18 Error/Sample d.c. to 748 MHz ±0.5 dBFS d.c. to 1.5 GHz ±1.0 fIN = 373 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 7.4 ENOB Effective Number of Bits fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 7.4 SINAD Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion fIN = 373 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB Ratio fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 46.5 9 46.4 dBFS 6.8 Bits (min) Bits 42.5 dB (min) dB www.national.com ADC08D1520 Absolute Maximum Ratings ADC08D1520 Symbol SNR THD 2nd Harm Typical (Note 8) Limits (Note 8) Units (Limits) fIN = 373 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 46.8 44.0 dB (min) fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 47 fIN = 373 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −58 -47.5 dB (max) fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −55 dB fIN = 373 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −65 dB fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −59 dB fIN = 373 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −58 dB fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −58 dB fIN = 373 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 58 fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 55 dB −50 dB Parameter Signal-to-Noise Ratio Total Harmonic Distortion Second Harmonic Distortion 3rd Harm Third Harmonic Distortion SFDR Spurious-Free Dynamic Range IMD Intermodulation Distortion Out of Range Output Code Conditions fIN1 = 365 MHz, VIN = FSR − 7 dB fIN2 = 375 MHz, VIN = FSR − 7 dB dB 47.5 (VIN+) − (VIN−) > + Full Scale 255 (VIN+) − (VIN−) < − Full Scale 0 dB (min) NON-DEMUX NON-DES MODE, DYNAMIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS; FCLK = 1 GHZ fIN = 248 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 7.3 Bits fIN = 498 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 7.3 Bits Signal to Noise Plus Distortion fIN = 248 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB Ratio fIN = 498 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 45.7 dB 45.7 dB 46 dB fIN = 498 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 46 dB fIN = 248 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB -57 dB fIN = 498 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB -57 dB fIN = 248 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB -63 dB fIN = 498 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB -63 dB fIN = 248 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB -64 dB fIN = 498 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB -64 dB fIN = 248 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 57 dB fIN = 498 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 57 dB ENOB Effective Number of Bits SINAD SNR THD Signal to Noise Ratio Total Harmonic Distortion 2nd Harm Second Harmonic Distortion 3rd Harm Third Harmonic Distortion SFDR Spurious Free Dynamic Range fIN = 248 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 1:4 DEMUX DES MODE, DYNAMIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS; FCLK = 1.5 GHZ FPBW Full Power Bandwidth DES Mode 1.3 GHz ENOB Effective Number of Bits fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 7.0 Bits SINAD Signal to Noise Plus Distortion fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB Ratio 44 dB SNR Signal to Noise Ratio fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 46.3 dB THD Total Harmonic Distortion fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −47 dB 2nd Harm Second Harmonic Distortion fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −55 dB 3rd Harm Third Harmonic Distortion fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB −64 dB SFDR Spurious Free Dynamic Range fIN = 748 MHz, VIN = FSR − 0.5 dB 47 dB ANALOG INPUT AND REFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN VCMI Full Scale Analog Differential Input Range FSR pin 14 Low 650 FSR pin 14 High 870 VCMO Common Mode Input Voltage www.national.com 10 590 mVP-P (min) 730 mVP-P (max) 800 mVP-P (min) 940 mVP-P (max) VCMO − 0.05 V (min) VCMO + 0.05 V (max) CIN RIN Parameter Analog Input Capacitance, Normal operation (Note 10, Note 11) Conditions Typical (Note 8) Limits (Note 8) Units (Limits) Differential 0.02 pF Each input pin to ground 1.6 pF Differential Analog Input Capacitance, DES Mode (Note 10, Note 11) Each input pin to ground 0.08 pF Differential Input Resistance 2.2 100 pF 94 Ω (min) 106 Ω (max) 0.95 1.45 V (min) V (max) ANALOG OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS VCMO Common Mode Output Voltage ICMO = ±100 µA 1.26 TC VCMO Common Mode Output Voltage TA = −40°C to +85°C Temperature Coefficient 118 ppm/°C VCMO_LVL VCMO input threshold to set D.C. VA = 1.8V Coupling mode VA = 2.0V 0.60 V 0.66 V CLOAD VCMO Maximum VCMO Load Capacitance VBG Bandgap Reference Output Voltage IBG = ±100 µA TC VBG Bandgap Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient TA = −40°C to +85°C, IBG = ±100 µA CLOAD VBG Maximum Bandgap Reference load Capacitance 1.26 80 pF 1.20 1.33 V (min) V (max) 28 ppm/°C 80 pF CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS Offset Match 1 LSB Positive Full-Scale Match Zero offset selected in Control Register 1 LSB Negative Full-Scale Match Zero offset selected in Control Register 1 LSB Phase Matching (I, Q) fIN = 1.5 GHz <1 Degree X-TALK Crosstalk from I-channel (Aggressor) to Q-channel (Victim) Aggressor = 867 MHz F.S. Victim = 100 MHz F.S. −65 dB X-TALK Crosstalk from Q-channel (Aggressor) to I-channel (Victim) Aggressor = 867 MHz F.S. Victim = 100 MHz F.S. −65 dB LVDS CLK INPUT CHARACTERISTICS (Typical specs also apply to DCLK_RST) Sine Wave Clock VID 0.6 Differential Clock Input Level Square Wave Clock VOSI Input Offset Voltage CIN Input Capacitance (Note 10, Note 11) 0.6 0.4 VP-P (min) 2.0 VP-P (max) 0.4 VP-P (min) 2.0 VP-P (max) 1.2 V Differential 0.02 pF Each input to ground 1.5 pF DIGITAL CONTROL PIN CHARACTERISTICS VIH Logic High Input Voltage VIL Logic Low Input Voltage CIN Input Capacitance (Note 11, Note 13) OutV, DCLK_RST, PD, PDQ, CAL, ECE, DRST_SEL 0.69 x VA OutEdge, FSR, CalDly 0.79 x VA V (min) OutV, DCLK_RST, PD, PDQ, CAL 0.28 x VA V (max) OutEdge, FSR, CalDly, ECE, DRST_SEL 0.21 x VA V (max) Each input to ground 11 1.2 V (min) pF www.national.com ADC08D1520 Symbol ADC08D1520 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 8) Limits (Note 8) Units (Limits) DIGITAL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS VOD LVDS Differential Output Voltage Measured differentially, OutV = VA, VBG = Floating (Note 15) 740 Measured differentially, OutV = GND, VBG = Floating (Note 15) 560 480 mVP-P (min) 950 mVP-P (max) 320 mVP-P (min) 720 mVP-P (max) ΔVO DIFF Change in LVDS Output Swing Between Logic Levels VOS Output Offset Voltage See Figure 1 ΔVOS Output Offset Voltage Change Between Logic Levels IOS Output Short Circuit Current ZO Differential Output Impedance VOH CalRun H level output IOH = −400 µA (Note 12) 1.65 1.5 V VOL CalRun L level output IOH = 400 µA (Note 12) 0.15 0.3 V 1:2 Demux Mode; fCLK = 1.5 GHz PD = PDQ = Low PD = Low, PDQ = High PD = PDQ = High 818 561 1.9 930 640 mA (max) mA (max) mA Non-demux Mode; fCLK = 1.0 GHz PD = PDQ = Low PD = Low, PDQ = High PD = PDQ = High 712 464 1.5 803 530 mA (max) mA (max) mA 1:2 Demux Mode; fCLK = 1.5 GHz PD = PDQ = Low PD = Low, PDQ = High PD = PDQ = High 225 123 0.074 305 166 mA (max) mA (max) mA Non-demux Mode; fCLK = 1.0 GHz PD = PDQ = Low PD = Low, PDQ = High PD = PDQ = High 136 83.5 0.047 212 120 mA (max) mA (max) mA 1:2 Demux Mode; fCLK = 1.5 GHz PD = PDQ = Low PD = Low, PDQ = High PD = PDQ = High 2.0 1.3 3.8 2.35 1.53 W (max) W (max) mW Non-demux Mode; fCLK = 1.0 GHz PD = PDQ = Low PD = Low, PDQ = High PD = PDQ = High 1.6 1.04 2.76 1.92 1.235 Change in Full Scale Error with change in VA from 1.8V to 2.0V -30 ±1 mV VBG = Floating 800 mV VBG = VA (Note 15) 1175 mV ±1 mV ±4 mA Output+ and Output− connected to 0.8V 100 Ohms POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS (NON-DES MODE) IA IDR PD PSRR1 Analog Supply Current Output Driver Supply Current Power Consumption D.C. Power Supply Rejection Ratio www.national.com 12 W (max) W (max) mW dB Typical (Note 8) Limits (Note 8) Units (Limits) Demux Mode (DES or Non-DES Mode) 1.7 1.5 GHz (max) Non-Demux Mode (DES or Non-DES Mode) 1.25 1.0 GHz (max) 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode 200 1:4 Demux DES Mode 500 Parameter Conditions A.C. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS fCLK (max) Maximum Input Clock Frequency fCLK (min) Minimum Input Clock Frequency Input Clock Duty Cycle fCLK(min) ≤ fCLK ≤ 1.5 GHz (Note 12) 50 tCL Input Clock Low Time (Note 11) tCH Input Clock High Time (Note 11) DCLK Duty Cycle tSR tHR MHz MHz 20 % (min) 80 % (max) 333 133 ps (min) 333 133 ps (min) (Note 11) 50 45 55 % (min) % (max) Setup Time DCLK_RST± (Note 12) 90 Hold Time DCLK_RST± (Note 12) 30 ps ps Input Clock Cycles (min) tPWR Pulse Width DCLK_RST± (Note 11) tLHT Differential Low-to-High Transition Time 10% to 90%, CL = 2.5 pF 150 ps tHLT Differential High-to-Low Transition Time 10% to 90%, CL = 2.5 pF 150 ps tOSK DCLK-to-Data Output Skew 50% of DCLK transition to 50% of Data transition, SDR Mode and DDR Mode, 0° DCLK (Note 11) ±50 ps (max) tSU Data-to-DCLK Set-Up Time DDR Mode, 90° DCLK (Note 11) 400 ps tH DCLK-to-Data Hold Time DDR Mode, 90° DCLK (Note 11) 560 ps tAD Sampling (Aperture) Delay Input CLK+ Fall to Acquisition of Data 1.6 ns tAJ Aperture Jitter 0.4 ps (rms) tOD Input Clock-to Data Output Delay (in addition to Pipeline Delay) 4.0 ns 4 50% of Input Clock transition to 50% of Data transition DI Outputs 13 DId Outputs 14 Pipeline Delay (Latency) in 1:2 DQ Outputs Demux Mode (Note 11, Note 14) Non-DES Mode DES Mode Over Range Recovery Time 13.5 Non-DES Mode DQd Outputs Pipeline Delay (Latency) in Non-Demux Mode (Note 11, Note 14) 13 14 DES Mode 14.5 DI Outputs 13 Non-DES Mode DQ Outputs 13 DES Mode Differential VIN step from ±1.2V to 0V to get accurate conversion Input Clock Cycles 13.5 Input Clock Cycles 1 Input Clock Cycle 500 ns tWU PD low to Rated Accuracy Conversion (Wake-Up Time) Non-DES Mode (Note 11) DES Mode (Note 11) 1 µs fSCLK Serial Clock Frequency (Note 11) 15 MHz tSSU Serial Data to Serial Clock Rising Setup Time (Note 11) 2.5 ns (min) tSH Serial Data to Serial Clock Rising Hold Time (Note 11) 1 ns (min) tSCS CS to Serial Clock Rising Setup Time 2.5 ns 13 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Symbol ADC08D1520 Symbol tHCS Parameter Typical (Note 8) Conditions CS to Serial Clock Falling Hold Time Limits (Note 8) Units (Limits) 1.5 ns Serial Clock Low Time 30 Serial Clock High Time 30 ns (min) tCAL Calibration Cycle Time tCAL_L CAL Pin Low Time See Figure 10 (Note 11) 1280 Clock Cycles (min) tCAL_H CAL Pin High Time See Figure 10 (Note 11) 1280 Clock Cycles (min) CalDly = Low See 1.1.1 Calibration, Figure 10, (Note 11) 226 Clock Cycles (max) CalDly = High See 1.1.1 Calibration, Figure 10, (Note 11) 232 Clock Cycles (max) tCalDly Calibration delay determined by CalDly (pin 127) 1.4 x 106 ns (min) Clock Cycles Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. There is no guarantee of operation at the Absolute Maximum Ratings. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to GND = DR GND = 0V, unless otherwise specified. Note 3: When the input voltage at any pin exceeds the power supply limits (that is, less than GND or greater than VA), the current at that pin should be limited to 25 mA. The 50 mA maximum package input current rating limits the number of pins that can safely exceed the power supplies with an input current of 25 mA to two. This limit is not placed upon the power, ground and digital output pins. Note 4: Human body model is 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor. Machine model is 220 pF discharged through ZERO Ohms. Charged device model simulates a pin slowly acquiring charge (such as from a device sliding down the feeder in an automated assembler) then rapidly being discharged. Note 5: Reflow temperature profiles are different for lead-free and non-lead-free packages. Note 6: The analog inputs are protected as shown below. Input voltage magnitudes beyond the Absolute Maximum Ratings may damage this device. 20193104 Note 7: To guarantee accuracy, it is required that VA and VDR be well bypassed. Each supply pin must be decoupled with separate bypass capacitors. Additionally, achieving rated performance requires that the backside exposed pad be well grounded. Note 8: Typical figures are at TA = 25°C, and represent most likely parametric norms. Test limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 9: Calculation of Full-Scale Error for this device assumes that the actual reference voltage is exactly its nominal value. Full-Scale Error for this device, therefore, is a combination of Full-Scale Error and Reference Voltage Error. See Figure 2. For relationship between Gain Error and Full-Scale Error, see Specification Definitions for Gain Error. Note 10: The analog and clock input capacitances are die capacitances only. Additional package capacitances of 0.65 pF differential and 0.95 pF each pin to ground are isolated from the die capacitances by lead and bond wire inductances. Note 11: This parameter is guaranteed by design and is not tested in production. Note 12: This parameter is guaranteed by design and/or characterization and is not tested in production. Note 13: The digital control pin capacitances are die capacitances only. Additional package capacitance of 1.6 pF each pin to ground are isolated from the die capacitances by lead and bond wire inductances. Note 14: The ADC08D1520 has two LVDS output buses, each of which clocks data out at one half the sample rate. The second bus (D0 through D7) has a pipeline latency that is one clock cycle less than the latency of the first bus (Dd0 through Dd7). Note 15: Tying VBG to the supply rail will increase the output offset voltage (VOS) by 400mv (typical), as shown in the VOS specification above. Tying VBG to the supply rail will also affect the differential LVDS output voltage (VOD), causing it to increase by 40mV (typical). Note 16: The maximum clock frequency for Non-Demux Mode is 1 GHz. www.national.com 14 ADC08D1520 Specification Definitions APERTURE (SAMPLING) DELAY is the amount of delay, measured from the sampling edge of the CLK input, after which the signal present at the input pin is sampled inside the device. APERTURE JITTER (tAJ) is the variation in aperture delay from sample to sample. Aperture jitter shows up as input noise. CODE ERROR RATE (C.E.R.) is the probability of error and is defined as the probable number of word errors on the ADC output per unit of time divided by the number of words seen in that amount of time. A C.E.R. of 10-18 corresponds to a statistical error in one word about every four (4) years. CLOCK DUTY CYCLE is the ratio of the time that the clock waveform is at a logic high to the total time of one clock period. DIFFERENTIAL NON-LINEARITY (DNL) is the measure of the maximum deviation from the ideal step size of 1 LSB. Measured at sample rate = 500 MSPS with a 1MHz input sine wave. EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB, or EFFECTIVE BITS) is another method of specifying Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio, or SINAD. ENOB is defined as (SINAD − 1.76) / 6.02 and says that the converter is equivalent to a perfect ADC of this (ENOB) number of bits. FULL POWER BANDWIDTH (FPBW) is a measure of the frequency at which the reconstructed output fundamental drops 3 dB below its low frequency value for a full-scale input. GAIN ERROR is the deviation from the ideal slope of the transfer function. It can be calculated from Offset and FullScale Errors: Positive Gain Error = Offset Error − Positive Full-Scale Error Negative Gain Error = −(Offset Error − Negative FullScale Error) Gain Error = Negative Full-Scale Error − Positive FullScale Error = Positive Gain Error + Negative Gain Error INTEGRAL NON-LINEARITY (INL) is a measure of worst case deviation of the ADC transfer function from an ideal straight line drawn through the ADC transfer function. The deviation of any given code from this straight line is measured from the center of that code value step. The best fit method is used. INTERMODULATION DISTORTION (IMD) is the creation of additional spectral components as a result of two sinusoidal frequencies being applied to the ADC input at the same time. It is defined as the ratio of the power in the second and third order intermodulation products to the power in one of the original frequencies. IMD is usually expressed in dBFS. LSB (LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT) is the bit that has the smallest value or weight of all bits. This value is 20193146 FIGURE 1. LVDS Output Signal Levels LVDS OUTPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (VOS) is the midpoint between the D+ and D- pins output voltage with respect to ground; i.e., [(VD+) +( VD-)]/2. See Figure 1. MISSING CODES are those output codes that are skipped and will never appear at the ADC outputs. These codes cannot be reached with any input value. MSB (MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT) is the bit that has the largest value or weight. Its value is one half of full scale. NEGATIVE FULL-SCALE ERROR (NFSE) is a measure of how far the first code transition is from the ideal 1/2 LSB above a differential −VIN/2 with the FSR pin low. For the ADC08D1520 the reference voltage is assumed to be ideal, so this error is a combination of full-scale error and reference voltage error. OFFSET ERROR (VOFF) is a measure of how far the midscale point is from the ideal zero voltage differential input. Offset Error = Actual Input causing average of 8k samples to result in an average code of 127.5. OUTPUT DELAY (tOD) is the time delay (in addition to Pipeline Delay) after the falling edge of CLK+ before the data update is present at the output pins. OVER-RANGE RECOVERY TIME is the time required after the differential input voltages goes from ±1.2V to 0V for the converter to recover and make a conversion with its rated accuracy. PIPELINE DELAY (LATENCY) is the number of input clock cycles between initiation of conversion and when that data is presented to the output driver stage. New data is available at every clock cycle, but the data lags the conversion by the Pipeline Delay plus the tOD. POSITIVE FULL-SCALE ERROR (PFSE) is a measure of how far the last code transition is from the ideal 1-1/2 LSB below a differential +VIN/2. For the ADC08D1520 the reference voltage is assumed to be ideal, so this error is a combination of full-scale error and reference voltage error. POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (PSRR) can be one of two specifications. PSRR1 (D.C. PSRR) is the ratio of the change in full-scale error that results from a power supply voltage change from 1.8V to 2.0V. PSRR2 (A.C. PSRR) is a measure of how well an a.c. signal riding upon the power supply is rejected from the output and is measured with a 248 MHz, 50 mVP-P signal riding upon the power supply. It is the ratio of the output amplitude of that signal at the output to its amplitude on the power supply pin. PSRR is expressed in dB. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) is the ratio, expressed in dB, of the rms value of the input signal at the output to the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components below onehalf the sampling frequency, not including harmonics or d.c. VFS / 2N where VFS is the differential full-scale amplitude VIN as set by the FSR input and "N" is the ADC resolution in bits, which is 8 for the ADC08D1520. LOW VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALING (LVDS) DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VID and VOD) is two times the absolute value of the difference between the VD+ and VD - signals; each measured with respect to Ground. 15 www.national.com ADC08D1520 where Af1 is the RMS power of the fundamental (output) frequency and Af2 through Af10 are the RMS power of the first 9 harmonic frequencies in the output spectrum. – Second Harmonic Distortion (2nd Harm) is the difference, expressed in dB, between the RMS power in the input frequency seen at the output and the power in its 2nd harmonic level at the output. – Third Harmonic Distortion (3rd Harm) is the difference expressed in dB between the RMS power in the input frequency seen at the output and the power in its 3rd harmonic level at the output. SIGNAL TO NOISE PLUS DISTORTION (S/(N+D) or SINAD) is the ratio, expressed in dB, of the rms value of the input signal at the output to the rms value of all of the other spectral components below half the input clock frequency, including harmonics but excluding d.c. SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR) is the difference, expressed in dB, between the rms values of the input signal at the output and the peak spurious signal, where a spurious signal is any signal present in the output spectrum that is not present at the input, excluding d.c. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) is the ratio expressed in dB, of the rms total of the first nine harmonic levels at the output to the level of the fundamental at the output. THD is calculated as www.national.com 16 ADC08D1520 Transfer Characteristic 20193122 FIGURE 2. Input / Output Transfer Characteristic 17 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Timing Diagrams 20193114 FIGURE 3. SDR Clocking in 1:2 Demultiplexed Non-DES Mode 20193159 FIGURE 4. DDR Clocking in 1:2 Demultiplexed Non-DES Mode www.national.com 18 ADC08D1520 20193160 FIGURE 5. DDR Clocking in Non-Demultiplexed Non-DES Mode 20193119 FIGURE 6. Serial Interface Timing 20193120 FIGURE 7. Clock Reset Timing in DDR Mode 19 www.national.com ADC08D1520 20193123 FIGURE 8. Clock Reset Timing in SDR Mode with OUTEDGE Low 20193124 FIGURE 9. Clock Reset Timing in SDR Mode with OUTEDGE High 20193125 FIGURE 10. Power-on and On-Command Calibration Timing www.national.com 20 INL vs. CODE INL vs. TEMPERATURE 20193164 20193165 DNL vs. CODE DNL vs. TEMPERATURE 20193166 20193167 POWER CONSUMPTION vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY ENOB vs. TEMPERATURE 20193181 20193176 21 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Typical Performance Characteristics VA = VDR = 1.9V, fCLK = 1500 MHz, fIN = 748 MHz, TA= 25°C, I channel, 1:2 Demux Mode (1:1 Demux Mode has similar performance), unless otherwise stated. ADC08D1520 ENOB vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE ENOB vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY 20193177 20193178 ENOB vs. INPUT FREQUENCY SNR vs. TEMPERATURE 20193179 20193168 SNR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE SNR vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY 20193169 www.national.com 20193170 22 ADC08D1520 SNR vs. INPUT FREQUENCY THD vs. TEMPERATURE 20193171 20193172 THD vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE THD vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY 20193173 20193174 THD vs. INPUT FREQUENCY SFDR vs. TEMPERATURE 20193175 20193185 23 www.national.com ADC08D1520 SFDR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE SFDR vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY 20193184 20193182 SFDR vs. INPUT FREQUENCY Spectral Response at FIN = 373 MHz 20193183 20193187 Spectral Response at FIN = 748 MHz CROSSTALK vs. SOURCE FREQUENCY 20193188 www.national.com 20193163 24 GAIN STABILITY vs. DIE TEMPERATURE 20193186 20193195 25 www.national.com ADC08D1520 FULL POWER BANDWIDTH (NON-DES MODE) ADC08D1520 not be initiated or run while the device is in the power-down mode. See 1.1.7 Power Down for information on the interaction between Power Down and Calibration. In normal operation, calibration is performed just after application of power and whenever a valid calibration command is given, which may be accomplished one of two ways, via the CAL pin (30) or the Calibration register (Addr: 0h, Bit 15). The calibration command is achieved by holding the CAL pin low for at least tCAL_L clock cycles, and then holding it high for at least another tCAL_H clock cycles, as defined in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. The time taken by the calibration procedure is specified as tCALin Converter Electrical Characteristics. Holding the CAL pin high upon power up will prevent the calibration process from running until the CAL pin experiences the above-mentioned tCAL_L clock cycles followed by tCAL_H clock cycles. CalDly (pin 127) is used to select one of two delay times that take place from the application of power to the start of calibration. This calibration delay time is dependent on the setting of the CalDly pin and is specified as tCalDly in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. These delay values allow the power supply to come up and stabilize before calibration takes place. If the PD pin is high upon power-up, the calibration delay counter will be disabled until the PD pin is brought low. Therefore, holding the PD pin high during power up will further delay the start of the power-up calibration cycle. The best setting of the CalDly pin depends upon the power-on settling time of the power supply. 1.0 Functional Description The ADC08D1520 is a versatile A/D Converter with an innovative architecture permitting very high speed operation. The controls available ease the application of the device to circuit solutions. Optimum performance requires adherence to the provisions discussed here and in the Applications Information Section. While it is generally poor practice to allow an active pin to float, pins 4, 14, 52 and 127 of the ADC08D1520 are designed to be left floating without jeopardy. In all discussions for pins 4, 14, and 127, whenever a function is called by allowing these control pins to float, connecting that pin to a potential of one half the VA supply voltage will have the same effect as allowing it to float. 1.1 OVERVIEW The ADC08D1520 uses a calibrated folding and interpolating architecture that achieves 7.4 effective bits. The use of folding amplifiers greatly reduces the number of comparators and power consumption. Interpolation reduces the number of front-end amplifiers required, minimizing the load on the input signal and further reducing power requirements. In addition to correcting other non-idealities, on-chip calibration reduces the INL bow often seen with folding architectures. The result is an extremely fast, high performance, low power converter. The analog input signal that is within the converter's input voltage range is digitized to eight bits at speeds of 200 MSPS to 1.7 GSPS, typical. Differential input voltages below negative full-scale will cause the output word to consist of all zeroes. Differential input voltages above positive full-scale will cause the output word to consist of all ones. Either of these conditions at either the I- or Q-channel will cause the Out of Range (OR) output to be activated. This single OR output indicates when the output code from one or both of the channels is below negative full scale or above positive full scale. When PDQ is asserted, the OR indication applies to the I channel only. For Non-DES Modes, each converter has a selectable output demultiplexer which feeds two LVDS buses. If the 1:2 Demux Mode is selected, the output data rate is reduced to half the input sample rate on each bus. When Non-demux Mode is selected, the output data rate on channels DI and DQ are at the same rate as the input sample clock. The output levels may be selected to be normal or reduced. Using reduced levels saves power but could result in erroneous data capture of some or all of the bits, especially at higher sample rates and in marginally designed systems. 1.1.2 Acquiring the Input In 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode, data is acquired at the falling edge of CLK+ (pin 18) and the digital equivalent of that data is available at the digital outputs 13 input clock cycles later for the DI and DQ output buses and 14 input clock cycles later for the DId and DQd output buses. See Pipeline Delay in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. There is an additional internal delay called tOD before the data is available at the outputs. See the Timing Diagrams. The ADC08D1520 will convert as long as the input clock signal is present. The fully differential comparator design and the innovative design of the sample-and-hold amplifier, together with self calibration, enables a very flat SINAD/ENOB response beyond 1.5 GHz. The ADC08D1520 output data signaling is LVDS and the output format is offset binary. 1.1.3 Control Modes Much of the user control can be accomplished with several control pins that are provided. Examples include initiation of the calibration cycle, power down mode and full scale range setting. However, the ADC08D1520 also provides an Extended Control Mode whereby a serial interface is used to access register-based control of several advanced features. The Extended Control Mode is not intended to be enabled and disabled dynamically. Rather, the user is expected to employ either the Non-extended Control Mode or the Extended Control Mode at all times. When the device is in the Extended Control Mode, pin-based control of several features is replaced with register-based control and those pin-based controls are disabled. These pins are OutV (pin 3), OutEdge/DDR (pin 4), FSR (pin 14) and CalDly/DES (pin 127). See 1.2 NONEXTENDED AND EXTENDED CONTROL MODE for details on the Extended Control Mode. 1.1.1 Calibration A calibration is performed upon power-up and can also be invoked by the user upon command. Calibration trims the 100Ω analog input differential termination resistor and minimizes full-scale error, offset error, DNL and INL, resulting in maximizing SNR, THD, SINAD (SNDR) and ENOB. Internal bias currents are also set during the calibration process. All of this is true whether the calibration is performed upon power up or is performed upon command. Running the calibration is required for proper operation and to obtain the ADC's specified performance. In addition to the requirement to be run at power-up, an on-command calibration must be run whenever the sense of the FSR pin is changed. For best performance, it is recommend that an on-command calibration be run 20 seconds or more after application of power and whenever the operating temperature changes significantly, relative to the specific system performance requirements. See 2.4.2.2 OnCommand Calibration for more information. Calibration canwww.national.com 1.1.4 The Analog Inputs The ADC08D1520 must be driven with a differential input signal. Operation with a single-ended signal is not recommended. It is important that the inputs either be a.c. coupled to the 26 1.1.5.1 Dual-Edge Sampling The Dual-Edge Sampling (DES) Mode allows either of the ADC08D1520's inputs (I- or Q-channel) to be sampled by both ADCs. One ADC samples the input on the rising edge of the input clock and the other ADC samples the same input on the falling edge of the input clock. A single input is thus sampled twice per input clock cycle, resulting in an overall sample rate of twice the input clock frequency, or 3 GSPS with a 1.5 GHz input clock. In this mode, the outputs must be carefully interleaved to reconstruct the sampled signal. If the device is programmed into the 1:4 Demux DES Mode, the data is effectively demultiplexed by 1:4. If the input clock is 1.5 GHz, the effective sampling rate is doubled to 3 GSPS and each of the 4 output buses has an output rate of 750 MHz. All data is available in parallel. To properly reconstruct the sampled waveform, the four bytes of parallel data that are output with each clock are in the following sampling order, from the earliest to the latest, and must be interleaved as such: DQd, DId, DQ, DI. Table 1 indicates what the outputs represent for the various sampling possibilities. If the device is programmed into the Non-demux DES Mode, two bytes of parallel data are output with each edge of the clock in the following sampling order, from the earliest to the latest: DQ, DI. See Table 2. In the Non-extended Control and DES Mode of operation, only the I-channel can be sampled. In the Extended Control Mode of operation, the user can select which input is sampled. The ADC08D1520 also includes an automatic clock phase background adjustment in DES Mode to automatically and continuously adjust the clock phase of the I- and Q-channels. This feature removes the need to adjust the clock phase setting manually and provides optimal DES Mode performance. 1.1.5 Clocking The ADC08D1520 must be driven with an a.c. coupled, differential clock signal. 2.3 THE CLOCK INPUTS describes the use of the clock input pins. A differential LVDS output clock is available for use in latching the ADC output data into whatever device is used to receive the data. The ADC08D1520 offers output clocking options: two of these options are Single Data Rate (SDR) and Double Data Rate (DDR). In SDR mode, the user has a choice of which Data Clock (DCLK) edge, rising or falling, the output data transitions on. The ADC08D1520 also has the option to use a duty cycle corrected clock receiver as part of the input clock circuit. This feature is enabled by default and provides improved ADC clocking, especially in the Dual-Edge Sampling (DES) Mode. This circuitry allows the ADC to be clocked with a signal source having a duty cycle ratio of 20%/80% (worst case) for both the Non-DES and the DES Modes. TABLE 1. Input Channel Samples Produced at Data Outputs in 1:2 Demultiplexed Mode** Data Outputs (Always sourced with respect to fall of DCLK+) Dual-Edge Sampling (DES) Mode Non-DES Sampling Mode I-Channel Selected Q-Channel Selected * DI I-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 13 cycles earlier. I-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 13 cycles earlier. Q-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 13 cycles earlier. DId I-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 14 cycles earlier. I-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 14 cycles earlier. Q-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 14 cycles earlier. DQ I-channel sampled with rise Q-channel sampled with rise Q-channel sampled with fall of CLK, of CLK, of CLK, 13 cycles earlier. 13.5 cycles earlier. 13.5 cycles earlier. DQd I-channel sampled with rise Q-channel sampled with rise Q-channel sampled with fall of CLK, of CLK, of CLK, 14 cycles earlier. 14.5 cycles earlier. 14.5 cycles earlier. * Note that, in DES Mode and Non-extended Control Mode, only the I-channel is sampled. In DES Mode and Extended Control Mode, the I- or Q-channel can be sampled. ** Note that, in the Non-demux Mode (DES and Non-DES Mode), the DId and DQd outputs are disabled and are high impedance. 27 www.national.com ADC08D1520 inputs with the VCMO (pin 7) grounded, or d.c. coupled with the VCMO pin left floating. An input common mode voltage equal to the VCMO output must be provided as the common mode input voltage to VIN+ and VIN- when d.c. coupling is used. Two full-scale range settings are provided via pin 14 (FSR). In Non-extended Control Mode, a logic high on pin 14 causes an input full-scale range setting of a normal VIN input level, while a logic low on pin 14 causes an input full-scale range setting of a reduced VIN input level. The full-scale range setting operates on both ADCs. In the Extended Control Mode, programming the Input FullScale Voltage Adjust register allows the input full-scale range to be adjusted as described in 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION and 2.2 THE ANALOG INPUT. ADC08D1520 TABLE 2. Input Channel Samples Produced at Data Outputs in Non-Demux Mode Data Outputs (Always sourced with respect to fall of DCLK+) Dual-Edge Sampling (DES) Mode Non-DES Sampling Mode Q-Channel Selected DI I-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 14 cycles earlier. I-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 14 cycles earlier. Q-channel sampled with fall of CLK, 13.5 cycles earlier. DId No output; high impedance. No output; high impedance. No output; high impedance. DQ I-channel sampled with rise Q-channel sampled with rise Q-channel sampled with fall of CLK, of CLK, of CLK, 13.5 cycles earlier. 13.5 cycles earlier. 13.5 cycles earlier. DQd No output; high impedance. No output; high impedance. No output; high impedance. the DI bus. If the I-channel was in Demux Mode, the corresponding digital output data would be available on both the DI and DId busses, but at half the rate of Non-Demux Mode. Given that there are two DES Mode selections (DES Mode and Non-DES Mode) and two demultiplex selections (Demux Mode and Non-Demux Mode), this yields a total of four possible modes: (1) Non-Demux Non-DES Mode, (2) Non-Demux DES Mode, (3) 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode, and (4) 1:4 Demux DES Mode. The following is a brief explanation of the terms and modes: 1. Non-Demux Non-DES Mode: This mode is when the chip is in Non-Demux Mode and Non-DES Mode. The I- and Q- channels function independently of one another. The digital output data is available for the I-channel on DI, and for the Q-channel on DQ. 2. Non-Demux DES Mode: This mode is when the chip is in Non-Demux Mode and DES Mode. The I- and Qchannels are interleaved and function together as one channel. The digital output data is available on the DI and DQ busses because although the chip is in Non-Demux Mode, both I- and Q-channels are functioning and passing data. 3. 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode: This mode is when the chip is in Demux Mode and Non-DES Mode. The I- and Qchannels function independently of one another. The digital output data is available for the I-channel on DI and DId, and for the Q-channel on DQ and DQd. This is because each channel (I-channel and Q-channel) is providing digital data in a demultiplexed manner. 4. 1:4 Demux DES Mode: This mode is when the chip is in Demux Mode and DES Mode. The I- and Q- channels are interleaved and function together as one channel. The digital output data is available on the DI, DId, DQ and DQd busses because although the chip is in Demux Mode, both I- and Q-channels are functioning and passing data. To avoid confusion, this mode is labeled 1:4 because the analog input signal is provided on one channel and the digital output data is provided on four busses. The choice of Dual Data Rate (DDR) and Single Data Rate (SDR) will only affect the speed of the output Data Clock (DCLK). Once the DES Modes and Demux Modes have been chosen, the data output rate is also fixed. In the case of SDR, the DCLK runs at the same rate as the output data; output data may transition with either the rising or falling edge of DCLK. In the case of DDR, the DCLK runs at half the rate of the output data; the output data transitions on both rising and falling edges of the DCLK. 1.1.5.2 OutEdge and Demultiplex Control Setting To help ease data capture in the Single Data Rate (SDR) mode, the output data may be caused to transition on either the positive or the negative edge of the output data clock (DCLK). In the Non-extended Control Mode, this is selected by OutEdge (pin 4). A logic high on the OutEdge input pin causes the output data to transition on the rising edge of DCLK+, while a logic low causes the output to transition on the falling edge of DCLK+. See 2.4.3 Output Edge Synchronization. When in the Extended Control Mode, the OutEdge is selected using the OED bit in the Configuration Register. This bit has two functions. In the SDR mode, the bit functions as OutEdge and selects the DCLK edge with which the data transitions. In the Double Data Rate (DDR) mode, this bit selects whether the device is in Non-demux or Demux Mode. In the DDR case, the DCLK has a 0° phase relationship with the output data, independent of the demultiplexer selection. For 1:2 Demux DDR 0° Mode, there are four, as opposed to three cycles of CLK delay from the deassertion of DCLK_RST to the Synchronizing Edge. See 1.5 MULTIPLE ADC SYNCHRONIZATION for more information. 1.1.5.3 Double Data Rate and Single Data Rate A choice of Single Data Rate (SDR) or Double Data Rate (DDR) output is offered. With SDR, the output clock (DCLK) frequency is the same as the data rate of the two output buses. With DDR, the DCLK frequency is half the data rate and data is sent to the outputs on both edges of DCLK. DDR clocking is enabled in Non-extended Control Mode by allowing pin 4 to float or by biasing it to half the supply. 1.1.5.4 Clocking Summary The chip may be in one of four modes, depending on the DualEdge Sampling (DES) selection and the demultiplex selection. For the DES selection, there are two possibilities: NonDES Mode and DES Mode. In Non-DES Mode, each of the channels (I-channel and Q-channel) functions independently, i.e. the chip is a dual 1.5 GSPS A/D converter. In DES Mode, the I- and Q-channels are interleaved and function together as one 3.0 GSPS A/D converter. For the demultiplex selection, there are also two possibilities: Demux Mode and NonDemux Mode. The I-channel has two 8-bit output busses associated with it: DI and DId. The Q-channel also has two 8bit output busses associated with it: DQ and DQd. In Demux Mode, the channel is demultiplexed by 1:2. In Non-Demux Mode, the channel is not demultiplexed. Note that Non-Demux Mode is also sometimes referred to as 1:1 Demux Mode. For example, if the I-channel was in Non-Demux Mode, the corresponding digital output data would be available on only www.national.com I-Channel Selected 28 1.2 NON-EXTENDED AND EXTENDED CONTROL MODE The ADC08D1520 may be operated in one of two control modes: Non-extended Control Mode or Extended Control Mode. In the simpler Non-extended Control Mode, the user affects available configuration and control of the device through several control pins. The Extended Control Mode provides additional configuration and control options through a serial interface and a set of 9 registers. Extended Control Mode is selected by setting pin 41 to logic low. If pin 41 is floating and pin 52 is floating or logic high, pin 14 can alternately be used to enable the Extended Control Mode. The choice of control modes is required to be a fixed selection and is not intended to be switched dynamically while the device is operational. Table 3 shows how several of the device features are affected by the control mode chosen. 1.1.7 Power Down The ADC08D1520 is in the active state when the Power Down pin (PD) is low. When the PD pin is high, the device is in the power down mode. In this mode, the data output pins (both positive and negative) are put into a high impedance state and the device's power consumption is reduced to a minimal level. A logic high on the Power Down Q-channel (PDQ) pin will power down the Q-channel and leave the I-channel active. There is no provision to power down the I-channel independently of the Q-channel. Upon return to normal operation, the pipeline will contain meaningless information. TABLE 3. Features and Modes Feature Non-Extended Control Mode Extended Control Mode SDR or DDR Clocking Selected with pin 4 Selected with nDE in the Configuration Register (Addr-1h; bit-10). DDR Clock Phase Not Selectable (0° Phase Only) Selected with DCP in the Configuration Register (Addr-1h; bit-11). SDR Data transitions with rising or falling DCLK edge SDR Data transitions with rising edge of DCLK+ when pin 4 is logic high and on falling edge when low. Selected with OED in the Configuration Register (Addr-1h; bit-8). LVDS output level Normal differential data and DCLK amplitude selected when pin 3 is logic high and reduced amplitude selected when low. Selected with OV in the Configuration Register (Addr-1h; bit-9). Power-On Calibration Delay Short delay selected when pin 127 is logic Short delay only. low and longer delay selected when high. Full-Scale Range Normal input full-scale range selected when pin 14 is logic high and reduced range when low. Selected range applies to both channels. Up to 512 step adjustments over a nominal range specified in 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION. Separate range selected for I- and Q-channels. Selected using Full Range Registers (Addr-3h and Bh; bit-7 through 15). Not possible 512 steps of adjustment using the Input Offset register specified in 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION for each channel using Input Offset Registers (Addr-2h and Ah; bit-7 thru 15). Input Offset Adjust 29 www.national.com ADC08D1520 If the PD input is brought high while a calibration is running, the device will not go into power down until the calibration sequence is complete. However, if power is applied and PD is already high, the device will not begin the calibration sequence until PD is brought low. If a manual calibration is requested while the device is powered down, the calibration will not take place at all. That is, the manual calibration input is completely ignored in the power down state. Calibration will function with the Q-channel powered down, but that channel will not be calibrated if PDQ is high. If the Q-channel is subsequently to be used, it is necessary to perform a calibration after PDQ is brought low. 1.1.6 The LVDS Outputs The Data, Out Of Range (OR+/-), and Data Clock (DCLK+/-) outputs are LVDS. The electrical specifications of the LVDS outputs are compatible with typical LVDS receivers available on ASIC and FPGA chips; but they are not IEEE or ANSI communications standards compliant due to the low +1.9V supply used on this chip. The user is given the choice of a lower signal amplitude via the OutV control pin or the OV control register bit. For short LVDS lines and low noise systems, satisfactory performance may be realized with the OutV input low, which results in lower power consumption. If the LVDS lines are long and/or the system in which the ADC08D1520 is used is noisy, it may be necessary to tie the OutV pin high. The LVDS data outputs have a typical common mode voltage of 800 mV when the VBG pin is unconnected and floating. If a higher common mode is required, this common mode voltage can be increased to 1175 mV by tying the VBG pin to VA . IMPORTANT NOTE: Tying the VBG pin to VA will also increase the differential LVDS output voltage by up to 40mV. ADC08D1520 Dual Edge Sampling Selection Enabled by programming DEN in the Enabled with pin 127 floating or tied to half Extended Configuration Register the supply (Addr-9h; bit-13). Dual Edge Sampling Input Channel Selection Only I-channel Input can be used Either I- or Q-channel input may be sampled by both ADCs. Not possible A test pattern can be made present at the data outputs by setting TPO to 1b in Extended Configuration Register (Addr-9h; bit-15). Not possible The DCLK outputs will continuously be present when RTD is set to 1b in Extended Configuration Register (Addr-9h; bit-14 to 7). Not possible If the device is set in DDR, the output can be programmed to be nondemultiplexed. When OED in Configuration Register is set 1b (Addr-1h; bit-8), this selects nondemultiplex. If OED is set 0b, this selects 1:2 demultiplex. Not possible The OR outputs can be programmed to become a second DCLK output when nSD is set 0b in Configuration Register (Addr-1h; bit-13). Not possible The sampling clock phase can be manually adjusted through the Coarse and Intermediate Register (Addr-Fh; bit-15 to 7) and Fine Register (Addr-Eh; bit-15 to 8). Test Pattern Resistor Trim Disable Selectable Output Demultiplexer Second DCLK Output Sampling Clock Phase Adjust The default state of the Extended Control Mode is set upon power-on reset (internally performed by the device) and is shown in Table 4. TABLE 4. Extended Control Mode Operation (Pin 41 Logic Low or Pin 52 Logic High or Floating and Pin 14 Floating or VA/2) www.national.com Feature Extended Control Mode Default State SDR or DDR Clocking DDR Clocking DDR Clock Phase Data changes with DCLK edge (0° phase) LVDS Output Amplitude Normal amplitude (See VOD in Converter Electrical Characteristics) Calibration Delay Short Delay (See tCalDly in Converter Electrical Characteristics) Full-Scale Range Normal range for both channels (See VIN in Converter Electrical Characteristics) Input Offset Adjust No adjustment for either channel Dual Edge Sampling (DES) Not enabled Test Pattern Not present at output Resistor Trim Disable Trim enabled, DCLK not continuously present at output Selectable Output Demultiplexer 1:2 Demultiplex Second DCLK Output Not present, pin 79 and 80 function as OR+ and OR-, respectively Sampling Clock Phase Adjust No adjustment for fine, intermediate or coarse 30 TABLE 5. Register Addresses 4-Bit Address Loading Sequence: A3 loaded after Fixed Header pattern, A0 loaded last A3 A2 A1 A0 Hex Register Addressed 0 0 0 0 0h Calibration 0 0 0 1 1h Configuration 0 0 1 0 2h I-channel Offset 0 0 1 1 3h I-channel Full-Scale Voltage Adjust 0 1 0 0 4h Reserved 0 1 0 1 5h Reserved 0 1 1 0 6h Reserved 0 1 1 1 7h Reserved 1 0 0 0 8h Reserved 1 0 0 1 9h Extended Configuration 1 0 1 0 Ah Q-channel Offset 1 0 1 1 Bh Q-channel Full-Scale Voltage Adjust 1 1 0 0 Ch Reserved 1 1 0 1 Dh Reserved 1 1 1 0 Eh Sampling Clock Phase Fine Adjust 1 1 1 1 Fh Sample Clock Phase Intermediate and Coarse Adjust 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION Nine write-only registers provide several control and configuration options in the Extended Control Mode. These registers have no effect when the device is in the Non-extended Control Mode. Each register description below also shows the Power-On Reset (POR) state of each control bit. Calibration Register Addr: 0h (0000b) D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 CAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 15 Bits 14:0 31 Write only (0x7FFF) CAL: Calibration Enable. When this bit is set 1b, an on-command calibration cycle is initiated. This function is exactly the same as issuing an on-command calibration using the CAL pin. This bit is OR'd with the CAL pin (30). POR State: 0b Must be set to 1b www.national.com ADC08D1520 1.3 THE SERIAL INTERFACE IMPORTANT NOTE: During the initial write using the serial interface, all nine registers must be written with desired or default values. Subsequent writes to single registers are allowed. The 3-pin serial interface is enabled only when the device is in the Extended Control Mode. The pins of this interface are Serial Clock (SCLK), Serial Data (SDATA) and Serial Interface Chip Select (SCS). Nine write only registers are accessible through this serial interface. SCS: This signal should be asserted low while accessing a register through the serial interface. Setup and hold times with respect to the SCLK must be observed. SCLK: Serial data input is accepted at the rising edge of this signal. There is no minimum frequency requirement for SCLK. SDATA: Each register access requires a specific 32-bit pattern at this input. This pattern consists of a header, register address and register value. The data is shifted in MSB first. Setup and hold times with respect to the SCLK must be observed. Each Register access consists of 32 bits, as shown in Figure 6 of the Timing Diagrams. The fixed header pattern is 0000 0000 0001 (eleven zeros followed by a 1). The loading sequence is such that a "0" is loaded first. These 12 bits form the header. The next 4 bits are the address of the register that is to be written to and the last 16 bits are the data written to the addressed register. The addresses of the various registers are indicated in Table 5. Refer to 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION for information on the data to be written to the registers. Subsequent register accesses may be performed immediately, starting with the 33rd SCLK. This means that the SCS input does not have to be de-asserted and asserted again between register addresses. It is possible, although not recommended, to keep the SCS input permanently enabled (logic low) when using Extended Control Mode. Control register contents are retained when the device is put into power-down mode. IMPORTANT NOTE: Do not write to the Serial Interface when calibrating the ADC. Doing so will impair the performance of the device until it is re-calibrated correctly. Programming the serial registers will also reduce dynamic performance of the ADC for the duration of the register access time. ADC08D1520 Configuration Register Addr: 1h (0001b) Bit 8 Write only (0xB2FF) D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 1 0 nSD DCS DCP nDE OV OED D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 15 Bit 14 Bit 13 Bit 12 Bit 11 Bit 10 Bit 9 www.national.com Must be set to 1b Must be set to 0b nSD: Second DCLK Output. When this bit is 1b, the device only has one DCLK output and one OR output. When this output is 0b, the device has two identical DCLK outputs and no OR output. POR State: 1b DCS: Duty Cycle Stabilizer. When this bit is set to 1b, a duty cycle stabilization circuit is applied to the clock input. When this bit is set to 0b the stabilization circuit is disabled. POR State: 1b DCP: DDR Clock Phase. This bit only has an effect in the DDR mode. When this bit is set to 0b, the DCLK edges are time-aligned with the data bus edges ("0° Phase"). When this bit is set to 1b, the DCLK edges are placed in the middle of the data bit-cells ("90° Phase"), using the one-half speed DCLK shown in Figure 4 as the phase reference. POR State: 0b nDE: DDR Enable. When this bit is set to 0b, data bus clocking follows the DDR mode whereby a data word is output with each rising and falling edge of DCLK. When this bit is set to a 1b, data bus clocking follows the SDR mode whereby each data word is output with either the rising or falling edge of DCLK, as determined by the OutEdge bit. POR State: 0b OV: Output Voltage. This bit determines the LVDS outputs' voltage amplitude and has the same function as the OutV pin that is used in the Non-extended Control Mode. When this bit is set to 1b, the normal output amplitude is used. When this bit is set to 0b, the reduced output amplitude is used. See VOD in Converter Electrical Characteristics. POR State: 1b Bits 7:0 OED: Output Edge and Demultiplex Control. This bit has two functions. When the device is in SDR mode, this bit selects the DCLK edge with which the data words transition and has the same effect as the OutEdge pin in the Nonextended Control Mode. When this bit is set to 1b, the data outputs change with the rising edge of DCLK+. When this bit is set to 0b, the data output changes with the falling edge of DCLK+. When the device is in DDR mode, this bit selects the Non-demultiplexed Mode when set to 1b. When the bit set to 0b, the device is programmed into the Demultiplexed Mode. If the device is in DDR and Non-Demultiplexed Mode, then the DCLK has a 0° phase relationship with the data; it is not possible to select the 90° phase relationship. POR State: 0b Must be set to 1b IMPORTANT NOTE: It is recommended that this register should only be written upon power-up initialization as writing it may cause disturbance on the DCLK output as this signal's basic configuration is changed. I-Channel Offset Addr: 2h (0010b) D15 D14 D13 (MSB) D12 D11 D10 D9 Offset Value D8 (LSB) D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Sign 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bits 15:8 Bit 7 Bit 6:0 32 Write only (0x007F) Offset Value. The input offset of the I-channel ADC is adjusted linearly and monotonically by the value in this field. 00h provides a nominal value of zero offset, while FFh provides a nominal value of 45 mV of offset. Thus, each code step provides 0.176 mV of offset. POR State: 0000 0000 b Sign bit. 0b gives positive offset, 1b gives negative offset, resulting in total offset adjustment of ±45 mV. POR State: 0b Must be set to 1b D15 D14 D13 D12 (MSB) D7 Bits 6:0 D11 D6 D5 1 D4 1 D3 1 D10 D9 D8 POR State: 0b D2 1 D1 1 D0 Bit 11 Must be set to 0b 1 Bit 10 DLF: DES Low Frequency. When this bit is set 1b, the dynamic performance of the device is improved when the input clock is less than 900 MHz. 1 Full Scale Voltage Adjust Value. The input fullscale voltage or gain of the I-channel is adjusted linearly and monotonically with a 9 bit data value. The adjustment range is ±20% of the nominal 700 mVP-P differential value. POR State: 0b Bits 9:0 Q-Channel Offset 560mVP-P 1000 0000 0 Default Value 1111 1111 1 700mVP-P Addr: Ah (1010b) 840mVP-P (MSB) D15 For best performance, it is recommended that the value in this field be limited to the range of 0110 0000 0b to 1110 0000 0b, i.e., limit the amount of adjustment to ±15%. The remaining ±5% headroom allows for the ADC's own full scale variation. A gain adjustment does not require ADC re-calibration. POR State: 1000 0000 0b (no adjustment) Must be set to 1b D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 TPO RTD DEN IS 0 DLF 1 1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 D12 D11 D10 D9 Offset Value D8 (LSB) D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 7 Bit 6:0 Offset Value. The input offset of the Q-channel ADC is adjusted linearly and monotonically by the value in this field. 00h provides a nominal zero offset, while FFh provides a nominal 45 mV of offset. Thus, each code step provides about 0.176 mV of offset. POR State: 0000 0000 b Sign bit. 0b gives positive offset, 1b gives negative offset. POR State: 0b Must be set to 1b Q-Channel Full-Scale Voltage Adjust Addr: Bh (1011b) TPO: Test Pattern Output. When this bit is set 1b, the ADC is disengaged and a test pattern generator is connected to the outputs including OR. This test pattern will work with the device in the SDR, DDR and the Nondemux Modes (DES and Non-DES). D15 D14 D13 (MSB) POR State: 0b D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 Adjust Value D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 15:7 RTD: Resistor Trim Disable. When this bit is set to 1b, the input termination resistor is not trimmed during the calibration cycle and the DCLK output remains enabled. Note that the ADC is calibrated regardless of this setting. DEN: DES Enable. Setting this bit to 1b enables the Dual Edge Sampling Mode. In this mode, the ADCs in this device are used to sample and convert the same analog input in a time-interleaved manner, accomplishing a sample rate of twice the input clock rate. When this bit is set to 0b, the device operates in the Non-DES Modes. POR State: 0b Bits 6:0 33 Write only (0x807F) (LSB) POR State: 0b Bit 13 D13 D7 Bit 15:8 Write only (0x03FF) D14 Write only (0x007F) Sign Extended Configuration Register Bit 14 Must be set to 1b 0000 0000 0 Addr: 9h (1001b) Bit 15 IS: Input Select. When this bit is set to 0b the I-channel is operated upon by both ADCs. When this bit is set to 1b the Q-channel is operated on by both ADCs. Adjust Value (LSB) Bit 15:7 Bit 12 Write only (0x807F) Full Scale Voltage Adjust Value. The input fullscale voltage or gain of the Q-channel ADC is adjusted linearly and monotonically with a 9 bit data value. The adjustment range is ±20% of the nominal 700 mVP-P differential value. 0000 0000 0 560 mVP-P 1000 0000 0 700 mVP-P 1111 1111 1 840 mVP-P For best performance, it is recommended that the value in this field be limited to the range of 0110 0000 0b to 1110 0000 0b, i.e., limit the amount of adjustment to ±15%. The remaining ±5% headroom allows for the ADC's own full scale variation. A gain adjustment does not require ADC re-calibration. POR State: 1000 0000 0b (no adjustment) Must be set to 1b www.national.com ADC08D1520 I-Channel Full-Scale Voltage Adjust Addr: 3h (0011b) ADC08D1520 grammed when necessary. For example, if a user wishes to enable the test pattern, only the Test Pattern register should be programmed. A user should avoid developing software routines which program all the registers when the data contents of only one register is being modified. Sample Clock Phase Fine Adjust Addr: Eh (1110b) D15 D14 Write only (0x00FF) D13 (MSB) D12 D11 D10 D9 Fine Phase Adjust D8 (LSB) D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bits 15:8 1.5 MULTIPLE ADC SYNCHRONIZATION The ADC08D1520 has the capability to precisely reset its sampling clock input to DCLK output relationship as determined by the user-supplied DCLK_RST pulse. This allows multiple ADCs in a system to have their DCLK (and data) outputs transition at the same time with respect to the shared CLK input that all the ADCs use for sampling. The DCLK_RST signal must observe some timing requirements that are shown in Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 of the Timing Diagrams. The DCLK_RST pulse must be of a minimum width and its deassertion edge must observe setup and hold times with respect to the CLK input rising edge. These timing specifications are listed as tPWR, tRS and tRH in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. The DCLK_RST signal can be asserted asynchronously to the input clock. If DCLK_RST is asserted, the DCLK output is held in a designated state. The state in which DCLK is held during the reset period is determined by the mode of operation (SDR or DDR) and the setting of the Output Edge configuration pin or bit. (Refer to Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 for the DCLK reset state conditions). Therefore, depending upon when the DCLK_RST signal is asserted, there may be a narrow pulse on the DCLK line during this reset event. When the DCLK_RST signal is de-asserted in synchronization with the CLK rising edge, there are three or four CLK cycles of systematic delay and the next CLK falling edge synchronizes the DCLK output with those of other ADC08D1520s in the system. The DCLK output is enabled again after a constant delay (relative to the input clock frequency) which is equal to the CLK input to DCLK output delay (tOD). The device always exhibits this delay characteristic in normal operation. The user has the option of using a single-ended DCLK_RST signal, but a differential DCLK_RST is strongly recommended due to its superior timing specifications. As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9 of the Timing Diagrams, there is a delay from the deassertion of DCLK_RST to the reappearance of DCLK, which is equal to several CLK cycles of delay plus tOD. Note that the deassertion of DCLK_RST is not latched in until the next falling edge of CLK. For 1:2 Demux 0° Mode, there are four CLK cycles of delay; for all other modes, there are three CLK cycles of delay. If the device is not programmed to allow DCLK to run continuously, DCLK will become inactive during a calibration cycle. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that DCLK only be used as a data capture clock and not as a system clock. The DCLK_RST pin should NOT be brought high while the calibration process is running (while CalRun is high). Doing so could cause a glitch in the digital circuitry, resulting in corruption and invalidation of the calibration. Fine Phase Adjust. The phase of the ADC sampling clock is adjusted linearly and monotonically by the value in this field. 00h provides a nominal zero phase adjustment, while FFh provides a nominal 50 ps of delay. Thus, each code step provides about 0.2 ps of delay. POR State: 0000 0000b Bits 7:0 Must be set to 1b Sample Clock Phase Intermediate/Coarse Adjust Addr: Fh (1111b) D15 D14 POL D13 Write only (0x007F) D12 D11 D10 D9 (MSB) Coarse Phase Adjust D8 IPA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 (LSB) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 15 Polarity Select. When this bit is selected, the polarity of the ADC sampling clock is inverted. POR State: 0b Bits 14:10 Coarse Phase Adjust. Each code value in this field delays the sample clock by approximately 65 ps. A value of 00000b in this field causes zero adjustment. POR State: 00000b Bits 9:7 Intermediate Phase Adjust. Each code value in this field delays the sample clock by approximately 11 ps. A value of 000b in this field causes zero adjustment. Maximum combined adjustment using Coarse Phase Adjust and Intermediate Phase adjust is approximately 2.1ns. POR State: 000b Bits 6:0 Must be set to 1b 1.4.1 Clock Phase Adjust This is a feature intended to help the system designer remove small imbalances in clock distribution traces at the board level when multiple ADCs are used. However, enabling this feature will reduce the dynamic performance (ENOB, SNR, SFDR) some finite amount. The amount of degradation increases with the amount of adjustment applied. The user is strongly advised to (a) use the minimal amount of adjustment; and (b) verify the net benefit of this feature in his system before relying on it. 1.6 ADC TEST PATTERN To aid in system debug, the ADC08D1520 has the capability of providing a test pattern at the four output ports completely independent of the input signal. The ADC is disengaged and a test pattern generator is connected to the outputs, including OR+/-. The test pattern output is the same in DES Mode and Non-DES Mode. Each port is given a unique 8-bit word, alternating between 1's and 0's as described in the Table 6 and Table 7. 1.4.2 DCLK Output During Register Programming When programming the Configuration register, the DCLK output may be disrupted and is invalid. The DCLK output is not valid until the register data has not been completely shifted and latched into the register and the register is in a known programmed state. To minimize disrupting the DCLK output, it is recommend that the Configuration Register only be prowww.national.com 34 Time Qd Id Q I OR T0 01h 02h 03h 04h 0 T1 FEh FDh FCh FBh 1 T2 01h 02h 03h 04h 0 T3 FEh FDh FCh FBh 1 T4 01h 02h 03h 04h 0 T5 01h 02h 03h 04h 0 T6 FEh FDh FCh FBh 1 T7 01h 02h 03h 04h 0 T8 FEh FDh FCh FBh 1 T9 01h 02h 03h 04h 0 T10 01h 02h 03h 04h 0 T11 ... ... ... ... ... Comments Pattern Sequence n Pattern Sequence n+1 Pattern Sequence n+2 With the part programmed into the Non-demultiplex Mode, the test pattern’s order will be as described in Table 7. 2.2 THE ANALOG INPUT The analog input is differential and the signal source may be a.c. or d.c. coupled. In the Non-extended Control Mode, the full-scale input range is selected using the FSR pin as specified in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. In the Extended Control Mode, the full-scale input range is selected by programming the Full-Scale Voltage Adjust register through the Serial Interface. For best performance when adjusting the input full-scale range in the Extended Control Mode, refer to 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION for guidelines on limiting the amount of adjustment. Table 8 gives the input to output relationship with the FSR pin high when the Non-extended Control Mode is used. With the FSR pin grounded, the millivolt values in Table 8 are reduced to 75% of the values indicated. In the Extended Control Mode, these values will be determined by the full scale range and offset settings in the Control Registers. TABLE 7. Test Pattern by Output Port in Non-demultiplex Mode Time Q I OR T0 01h 02h 0 T1 FEh FDh 1 T2 01h 02h 0 T3 01h 02h 0 T4 FEh FDh 1 T5 FEh FDh 1 T6 01h 02h 0 T7 01h 02h 0 T8 FEh FDh 1 T9 01h 02h 0 T10 01h 02h 0 T11 FEh FDh 1 T12 01h 02h 0 T13 01h 02h 0 T14 FEh FDh 1 T15 ... ... ... Comments Pattern Sequence n TABLE 8. Differential Input To Output Relationship (Non-Extended Control Mode, FSR High) Pattern Sequence n+1 Depending upon how it is initiated, the I- and the Q- channels' test patterns may or may not be synchronized. Either I and Id or Q and Qd patterns may be behind by one DCLK. To ensure that the test pattern starts synchronously in each port, set DCLK_RST while writing the Test Pattern Output bit in the Extended Configuration Register. The pattern appears at the data output ports when DCLK_RST is cleared low. The test pattern will work at speed and with the device in the SDR, DDR and the Non-demux Modes (DES and Non-DES). VIN+ VIN− Output Code VCM − 217.5 mV VCM + 217.5 mV 0000 0000 VCM − 109 mV VCM + 109 mV 0100 0000 VCM VCM 0111 1111 / 1000 0000 VCM + 109 mV VCM −109 mV 1100 0000 VCM + 217.5 mV VCM − 217.5 mV 1111 1111 The buffered analog inputs simplify the task of driving these inputs so that the RC pole which is generally used at sampling ADC inputs is not required. If the user desires to place an amplifier circuit before the ADC, care should be taken in choosing an amplifier with adequate noise and distortion performance, and adequate gain at the frequencies used for the application. Note that a precise d.c. common mode voltage must be present at the ADC inputs. This common mode voltage, VCMO, is provided on-chip when a.c. input coupling is used and the input signal is a.c. coupled to the ADC. When the inputs are a.c. coupled, the VCMO output must be grounded, as shown in Figure 11. This causes the on-chip VCMO voltage to be connected to the inputs through on-chip 50 kΩ resistors. 2.0 Applications Information 2.1 THE REFERENCE VOLTAGE The reference voltage for the ADC08D1520 is derived from a 1.254V bandgap reference, a buffered version of which, is made available at VBG (pin 31) for the user. This output has an output current capability of ±100 μA and should be buffered if more current than this is required. 35 www.national.com ADC08D1520 The internal bandgap-derived reference voltage has a nominal value of VIN , as determined by the FSR pin and described in1.1.4 The Analog Inputs. There is no provision for the use of an external reference voltage, but the full-scale input voltage can be adjusted through a Configuration Register in the Extended Control Mode, as explained in 1.2 NON-EXTENDED AND EXTENDED CONTROL MODE. Differential input signals up to the chosen full-scale level will be digitized to 8 bits. Signal excursions beyond the full-scale range will be clipped at the output. These large signal excursions will also activate the OR output for the time that the signal is out of range. See 2.2.3 Out Of Range Indication. One extra feature of the VBG pin is that it can be used to raise the common mode voltage level of the LVDS outputs. The output offset voltage (V OS) is typically 800 mV when the VBG pin is used as an output or left floating. To raise the LVDS offset voltage to the typical value, the VBG pin can be connected directly to the supply rail. TABLE 6. Test Pattern by Output Port in 1:2 Demultiplex Mode ADC08D1520 Figure 12 is a generic depiction of a single-ended to differential signal conversion using a balun. The circuitry specific to the balun will depend upon the type of balun selected and the overall board layout. It is recommended that the system designer contact the manufacturer of the balun in order to aid in designing the best performing single-ended to differential conversion circuit. When selecting a balun, it is important to understand the input architecture of the ADC. There are specific balun parameters, of which the system designer should be mindful. The impedance of the analog source should be matched to the ADC08D1520's on-chip 100Ω differential input termination resistor. The range of this termination resistor is described in the Converter Electrical Characteristics as the specification RIN. Also, the phase and amplitude balance are important. The lowest possible phase and amplitude imbalance is desired when selecting a balun. The phase imbalance should be no more than ±2.5° and the amplitude imbalance should be limited to less than 1dB at the desired input frequency range. Finally, when selecting a balun, the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), bandwidth and insertion loss of the balun should also be considered. The VSWR aids in determining the overall transmission line termination capability of the balun when interfacing to the ADC input. The insertion loss should be considered so that the signal at the balun output is within the specified input range of the ADC; see VIN in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. IMPORTANT NOTE: An analog input channel that is not used (e.g. in DES Mode) should be connected to a.c. ground (i.e., capacitors to ground) when the inputs are a.c. coupled. Do not connect an unused analog input directly to ground. 20193144 FIGURE 11. VCMO Drive for A.C. Coupled Differential Input When the d.c. coupled mode is used, a common mode voltage must be provided at the differential inputs. This common mode voltage should track the VCMO output pin. Note that the VCMO output potential will change with temperature. The common mode output of the driving device should track this change. IMPORTANT NOTE: An analog input channel that is not used (e.g. in DES Mode) should be tied to the VCMO voltage when the inputs are d.c. coupled. Do not connect unused analog inputs to ground. Full-scale distortion performance falls off rapidly as the input common mode voltage deviates from VCMO. This is a direct result of using a very low supply voltage to minimize power. Keep the input common voltage within 50 mV of VCMO. Performance is as good in the d.c. coupled mode as it is in the a.c. coupled mode, provided the input common mode voltage at both analog inputs remains within 50 mV of VCMO. 2.2.2. D.C. Coupled Input Signals When d.c. coupling to the ADC08D1520 analog inputs, single-ended to differential conversion may be easily accomplished with the LMH6555, as shown in Figure 13. In such applications, the LMH6555 performs the task of single-ended to differential conversion while delivering low distortion and noise, as well as output balance, that supports the operation of the ADC08D1520. Connecting the ADC08D1520 VCMO pin to the VCM_REF pin of the LMH6555, via an appropriate buffer, will ensure that the common mode input voltage meets the requirements for optimum performance of the ADC08D1520. The LMV321 was chosen to buffer VCMD for its low voltage operation and reasonable offset voltage. The output current from the ADC08D1520 VCMO pin should be limited to 100 μA. 2.2.1 Single-Ended Input Signals There is no provision for the ADC08D1520 to adequately process single-ended input signals. The best way to handle single-ended signals is to convert them to differential signals before presenting them to the ADC. The easiest way to accomplish single-ended to differential signal conversion is with an appropriate balun-connected transformer, as shown in Figure 12. 20193143 FIGURE 12. Single-Ended to Differential Signal Conversion Using a Balun www.national.com 36 ADC08D1520 20193155 FIGURE 13. Example of Using LM6555 for D.C. Coupled Input In Figure 13, RADJ- and RADJ+ are used to adjust the differential offset that can be measured at the ADC inputs VIN+ and VINwith the LMH6555's input terminated to ground as shown, but not driven and with no RADJ resistors present. An unadjusted positive offset with reference to VIN- greater than |15mV| should be reduced with a resistor in the RADJ- position. Likewise, an unadjusted negative offset with reference to VINgreater than |15mV| should be reduced with a resistor in the RADJ+ position. Table 9 gives suggested RADJ- and RADJ+ values for various unadjusted differential offsets to bring the VIN + and VIN- offset back to within |15mV|. DR are obtained with the FSR pin low. The LMH6555 of Figure 13 is suitable for any Full Scale Range. 2.3 THE CLOCK INPUTS The ADC08D1520 has differential LVDS clock inputs, CLK+ and CLK-, which must be driven with an a.c. coupled, differential clock signal. Although the ADC08D1520 is tested and its performance is guaranteed with a differential 1.5 GHz clock, it will typically function well with input clock frequency range; see fCLK(min) and fCLK(max) in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. The clock inputs are internally terminated and biased. The input clock signal must be capacitively coupled to the clock pins as indicated in Figure 14. Operation up to the sample rates indicated in the Converter Electrical Characteristics is typically possible if the maximum ambient temperatures indicated are not exceeded. Operating at higher sample rates than indicated for the given ambient temperature may result in reduced device reliability and product lifetime. This is because of the higher power consumption and die temperatures at high sample rates. Important also for reliability is proper thermal management. See 2.6.2 Thermal Management. TABLE 9. Resistor Values for Offset Adjustment Unadjusted Offset Reading Resistor Value 0mV to 10mV no resistor needed 11mV to 30mV 20.0kΩ 31mV to 50mV 10.0kΩ 51mV to 70mV 6.81kΩ 71mV to 90mV 4.75kΩ 91mV to 110mV 3.92kΩ 2.2.3 Out Of Range Indication When the conversion result is clipped, the Out of Range (OR) output is activated such that OR+ goes high and OR- goes low. This output is active as long as accurate data on either or both of the buses would be outside the range of 00h to FFh. When the device is programmed to provide a second DCLK output, the OR signals become DCLK2. Refer to 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION. 2.2.4 Full-Scale Input Range As with all A/D Converters, the input range is determined by the value of the ADC's reference voltage. The reference voltage of the ADC08D1520 is derived from an internal band-gap reference. The FSR pin controls the effective reference voltage of the ADC08D1520 such that the differential full-scale input range at the analog inputs is a normal amplitude with the FSR pin high, or a reduced amplitude with FSR pin low; see VIN in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. The best SNR is obtained with FSR high, but better distortion and SF- 20193147 FIGURE 14. Differential (LVDS) Input Clock Connection The differential input clock line pair should have a characteristic impedance of 100Ω and (when using a balun), be terminated at the clock source in that (100Ω) characteristic impedance. The input clock line should be as short and as direct as possible. The ADC08D1520 clock input is internally terminated with an untrimmed 100Ω resistor. 37 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Insufficient input clock levels will result in poor dynamic performance. Excessively high input clock levels could cause a change in the analog input offset voltage. To avoid this, keep the input clock level (VID) within the range specified in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. The low and high times of the input clock signal can affect the performance of any A/D Converter. The ADC08D1520 features a duty cycle clock correction circuit which can maintain performance over the 20%-to-80% specified duty cycle range, even in DES Mode. The ADC will meet its performance specification if the input clock high and low times are maintained within the duty cycle range; see the Converter Electrical Characteristics. High speed, high performance ADCs such as the ADC08D1520 require a very stable input clock signal with minimum phase noise or jitter. ADC jitter requirements are defined by the ADC resolution (number of bits), maximum ADC input frequency and the input signal amplitude relative to the ADC input full scale range. The maximum jitter (the sum of the jitter from all sources) allowed to prevent a jitter-induced reduction in SNR is found to be begins some time after application of power. The CalRun output indicator is high while a calibration is in progress. Note that the DCLK outputs are not active during a calibration cycle by default, therefore it is not recommended to use these signals as a system clock unless the Resistor Trim Disable feature is used (Reg. 9h). The DCLK outputs are continuously present at the output only when the Resistor Trim Disable is active. 2.4.2.1 Power-On Calibration Power-on calibration begins after a time delay following the application of power. This time delay is determined by the setting of CalDly. The calibration process will be not be performed if the CAL pin is high at power up. In this case, the calibration cycle will not begin until the on-command calibration conditions are met. The ADC08D1520 will function with the CAL pin held high at power up, but no calibration will be done and performance will be impaired. A manual calibration, however, may be performed after powering up with the CAL pin high. See 2.4.2.2 On-Command Calibration. The internal power-on calibration circuitry comes up in an unknown logic state. If the input clock is not running at power up and the power on calibration circuitry is active, it will hold the analog circuitry in power down and the power consumption will typically be less than 200 mW. The power consumption will be normal after the clock starts. tJ(MAX) = ( VINFSR/ VIN(P-P)) x (1/(2(N+1) x π x fIN)) where tJ(MAX) is the rms total of all jitter sources in seconds, VIN(P-P) is the peak-to-peak analog input signal, VINFSR is the full-scale range of the ADC, "N" is the ADC resolution in bits and fIN is the maximum input frequency, in Hertz, at the ADC analog input. Note that the maximum jitter described above is the RSS sum of the jitter from all sources, including that in the ADC input clock, that added by the system to the ADC input clock and input signals and that added by the ADC itself. Since the effective jitter added by the ADC is beyond user control, the best the user can do is to keep the sum of the externally added input clock jitter and the jitter added by the analog circuitry to the analog signal to a minimum. Input clock amplitudes above those specified in the Converter Electrical Characteristics may result in increased input offset voltage. This would cause the converter to produce an output code other than the expected 127/128 when both input pins are at the same potential. 2.4.2.2 On-Command Calibration To initiate an on-command calibration, either bring the CAL pin high for a minimum of tCAL_H input clock cycles after it has been low for a minimum of tCAL_L input clock cycles or perform the same operation via the CAL bit in the Calibration register. Holding the CAL pin high upon power up will prevent execution of power-on calibration until the CAL pin is low for a minimum of tCAL_L input clock cycles, then brought high for a minimum of another tCAL_H input clock cycles. The calibration cycle will begin tCAL_H input clock cycles after the CAL pin is thus brought high. The CalRun signal should be monitored to determine when the calibration cycle has completed. The minimum tCAL_L and tCAL_H input clock cycle sequences are required to ensure that random noise does not cause a calibration to begin when it is not desired. For best performance, a calibration should be performed 20 seconds or more after power up and repeated when the operating temperature changes significantly, relative to the specific system design performance requirements. By default, on-command calibration also includes calibrating the input termination resistance and the ADC. However, since the input termination resistance, once trimmed at power-up, changes marginally with temperature, the user has the option to disable the input termination resistor trim, which will guarantee that the DCLK is continuously present at the output during subsequent calibration. The Resistor Trim Disable (RTD) can be programmed in register 9h when in the Extended Control Mode. Refer to 1.4 REGISTER DESCRIPTION for register programming information. 2.4 CONTROL PINS Six control pins (without the use of the serial interface) provide a wide range of possibilities in the operation of the ADC08D1520 and facilitate its use. These control pins provide Full-Scale Input Range setting, Calibration, Calibration Delay, Output Edge Synchronization choice, LVDS Output Level choice and a Power Down feature. 2.4.1 Full-Scale Input Range Setting The input full-scale range can be selected with the FSR control input (pin 14) in the Non-extended Control Mode of operation. The input full-scale range is specified as VIN in the Converter Electrical Characteristics. In the Extended Control Mode, the input full-scale range may be programmed using the Full-Scale Adjust Voltage register. See 2.2 THE ANALOG INPUT for more information. 2.4.2.3 Calibration Delay The CalDly input (pin 127) is used to select one of two delay times after the application of power to the start of calibration, as described in 1.1.1 Calibration. The calibration delay values allow the power supply to come up and stabilize before calibration takes place. With no delay or insufficient delay, calibration would begin before the power supply is stabilized at its operating value and result in non-optimal calibration coef- 2.4.2 Calibration The ADC08D1520 calibration must be run to achieve specified performance. The calibration procedure is run automatically upon power-up and can be run any time on-command via the CAL pin (30) or the Calibration register (Addr: 0h, Bit 15). The calibration procedure is exactly the same whether there is an input clock present upon power up or if the clock www.national.com 38 The digital data output pins are put into a high impedance state when the PD pin for the respective channel is high. Upon return to normal operation, the pipeline will contain meaningless information and must be flushed. If the PD input is brought high while a calibration is running, the device will not go into power down until the calibration sequence is complete. However, if power is applied and PD is already high, the device will not begin the calibration sequence until the PD input goes low. If a manual calibration is requested while the device is powered down, the calibration will not begin at all. That is, the manual calibration input is completely ignored in the power down state. 2.4.3 Output Edge Synchronization DCLK signals are available to latch the converter output data into external circuitry. The output data can be synchronized with either edge of these DCLK signals. That is, the output data transition can be set to occur with either the rising edge or the falling edge of the DCLK signal, so that either edge of that DCLK signal can be used to latch the output data into the receiving circuit. When OutEdge (pin 4) is high, the output data is synchronized with the rising edge of the DCLK+ (pin 82). When OutEdge is low, the output data is synchronized with the falling edge of DCLK+. At the very high speeds, of which the ADC08D1520 is capable, slight differences in the lengths of the DCLK and data lines can mean the difference between successful and erroneous data capture. The OutEdge pin may be used to capture data on the DCLK edge that best suits the application circuit and layout. 2.5 THE DIGITAL OUTPUTS The ADC08D1520 normally demultiplexes the output data of each of the two ADCs on the die onto two LVDS output buses (total of four buses, two for each ADC). For each of the two converters, the results of successive conversions started on the odd falling edges of the CLK+ pin are available on one of the two LVDS buses, while the results of conversions started on the even falling edges of the CLK+ pin are available on the other LVDS bus. This means that, the word rate at each LVDS bus is 1/2 the ADC08D1520 input clock rate and the two buses must be multiplexed to obtain the entire 1.5 GSPS conversion result. Since the minimum recommended input clock rate for this device is 200 MSPS (in 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode), the effective rate can be reduced to as low as 100 MSPS by using the results available on just one of the two LVDS buses and a 200 MHz input clock, decimating the 200 MSPS data by two. There is one LVDS output clock pair (DCLK+/-) available for use to latch the LVDS outputs on all buses. There is also a second LVDS output clock pair (DCLK2+/-) which is optionally available for the same purpose. Whether the data is sent at the rising or falling edge of DCLK is determined by the sense of the OutEdge pin, as described in 2.4.3 Output Edge Synchronization. Double Data Rate (DDR) clocking can also be used. In this mode, a word of data is presented with each edge of DCLK, reducing the DCLK frequency to 1/4 the input clock frequency. See the Timing Diagrams for details. The OutV pin is used to set the LVDS differential output levels. See 2.4.4 LVDS Output Level Control. The output format is Offset Binary. Accordingly, a full-scale input level with VIN+ positive with respect to VIN− will produce an output code of all ones; a full-scale input level with VIN− positive with respect to VIN+ will produce an output code of all zeros; when VIN+ and VIN− are equal, the output code will vary between codes 127 and 128. A non-demultiplexed mode of operation is available for those cases where the digital ASIC is capable of higher speed operation. 2.4.4 LVDS Output Level Control The output level can be set to one of two levels with OutV (pin 3). The strength of the output drivers is greater with OutV logic high. With OutV logic low, there is less power consumption in the output drivers, but the lower output level means decreased noise immunity. For short LVDS lines and low noise systems, satisfactory performance may be realized with the OutV input low. If the LVDS lines are long and/or the system in which the ADC08D1520 is used is noisy, it may be necessary to tie the OutV pin high. 2.4.5 Dual Edge Sampling The Dual Edge Sampling (DES) feature causes one of the two input pairs to be routed to both ADCs. The other input pair is deactivated. One of the ADCs samples the input signal on the rising input clock edge (duty cycle corrected); the other ADC samples the input signal on the falling input clock edge (duty cycle corrected). If the device is in the 1:4 Demux DES Mode, the result is an output data rate 1/4 that of the interleaved sample rate, which is twice the input clock frequency. Data is presented in parallel on all four output buses in the following order: DQd, DId, DQ, DI. If the device is the Non-demux DES Mode, the result is an output data rate 1/2 that of the interleaved sample rate. Data is presented in parallel on two output buses in the following order: DQ, DI. To use this feature in the Non-extended Control Mode, allow pin 127 to float and the signal at the I-channel input will be sampled by both converters. The Calibration Delay will then only be a short delay. In the Extended Control Mode, either input may be used for dual edge sampling. See 1.1.5.1 Dual-Edge Sampling. 2.6 POWER CONSIDERATIONS A/D converters draw sufficient transient current to corrupt their own power supplies if not adequately bypassed. A 33 µF capacitor should be placed within an inch (2.5 cm) of the A/D converter power pins. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be placed as close as possible to each VA pin, preferably within one-half centimeter. Leadless chip capacitors are preferred because they have low lead inductance. The VA and VDR supply pins should be isolated from each other to prevent any digital noise from being coupled into the analog portions of the ADC. A ferrite choke, such as the JW Miller FB20009-3B, is recommended between these supply lines when a common source is used for them. 2.4.6 Power Down Feature The Power Down pins (PD and PDQ) allow the ADC08D1520 to be entirely powered down (PD) or the Q-channel to be powered down and the I-channel to remain active (PDQ). See 1.1.7 Power Down for details on the power down feature. 39 www.national.com ADC08D1520 ficients. If the PD pin is high upon power-up, the calibration delay counter will be disabled until the PD pin is brought low. Therefore, holding the PD pin high during power up will further delay the start of the power-up calibration cycle. The best setting of the CalDly pin depends upon the power-on settling time of the power supply. Note that the calibration delay selection is not possible in the Extended Control Mode and the short delay time is used. ADC08D1520 power consumption is still high enough to require attention to thermal management. For reliability reasons, the die temperature should be kept to a maximum of 130°C. That is, Ambient Temperature (TA) plus ADC power consumption times Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) should not exceed 130°C. This is not a problem if TA is kept to a maximum of +85°C as specified in the Operating Ratings section. The following are general recommendations for mounting exposed pad devices onto a PCB. They should be considered the starting point in PCB and assembly process development. It is recommended that the process be developed based upon past experience in package mounting. The package of the ADC08D1520 has an exposed pad on its back that provides the primary heat removal path as well as excellent electrical grounding to the printed circuit board. The land pattern design for pin attachment to the PCB should be the same as for a conventional LQFP, but the exposed pad must be attached to the board to remove the maximum amount of heat from the package, as well as to ensure best product parametric performance. To maximize the removal of heat from the package, a thermal land pattern must be incorporated on the PC board within the footprint of the package. The exposed pad of the device must be soldered down to ensure adequate heat conduction out of the package. The land pattern for this exposed pad should be at least as large as the 5 x 5 mm of the exposed pad of the package and be located such that the exposed pad of the device is entirely over that thermal land pattern. This thermal land pattern should be electrically connected to ground. A clearance of at least 0.5 mm should separate this land pattern from the mounting pads for the package pins. As is the case with all high speed converters, the ADC08D1520 should be assumed to have little power supply noise rejection. Any power supply used for digital circuitry in a system where a lot of digital power is being consumed should not be used to supply power to the ADC08D1520. The ADC supplies should be the same supply used for other analog circuitry, if not a dedicated supply. 2.6.1 Supply Voltage The ADC08D1520 is specified to operate with a supply voltage of 1.9V ±0.1V. It is very important to note that, while this device will function with slightly higher supply voltages, these higher supply voltages may reduce product lifetime. No pin should ever have a voltage on it that is in excess of the supply voltage or below ground by more than 150 mV, not even on a transient basis. This can be a problem upon application of power and power shut-down. Be sure that the supplies to circuits driving any of the input pins, analog or digital, do not come up any faster than does the voltage at the ADC08D1520 power pins. The Absolute Maximum Ratings should be strictly observed, even during power up and power down. A power supply that produces a voltage spike at turn-on and/or turn-off of power can destroy the ADC08D1520. The circuit of Figure 15 will provide supply overshoot protection. Many linear regulators will produce output spiking at poweron unless there is a minimum load provided. Active devices draw very little current until their supply voltages reach a few hundred millivolts. The result can be a turn-on spike that can destroy the ADC08D1520, unless a minimum load is provided for the supply. The 100Ω resistor at the regulator output provides a minimum output current during power-up to ensure there is no turn-on spiking. In the circuit of Figure 15, an LM317 linear regulator is satisfactory if its input supply voltage is 4V to 5V. If a 3.3V supply is used, an LM1086 linear regulator is recommended. 20193154 20193121 FIGURE 15. Non-Spiking Power Supply FIGURE 16. Recommended Package Land Pattern The output drivers should have a supply voltage, VDR, that is within the range specified in the Operating Ratings table. This voltage should not exceed the VA supply voltage. If the power is applied to the device without an input clock signal present, the current drawn by the device might be below 200 mA. This is because the ADC08D1520 gets reset through clocked logic and its initial state is unknown. If the reset logic comes up in the "on" state, it will cause most of the analog circuitry to be powered down, resulting in less than 100 mA of current draw. This current is greater than the power down current because not all of the ADC is powered down. The device current will be normal after the input clock is established. Since a large aperture opening may result in poor release, the aperture opening should be subdivided into an array of smaller openings, similar to the land pattern of Figure 16. To minimize junction temperature, it is recommended that a simple heat sink be built into the PCB. This is done by including a copper area of about 2 square inches (6.5 square cm) on the opposite side of the PCB. This copper area may be plated or solder coated to prevent corrosion, but should not have a conformal coating, which could provide some thermal insulation. Thermal vias should be used to connect these top and bottom copper areas. These thermal vias act as "heat pipes" to carry the thermal energy from the device side of the board to the opposite side of the board where it can be more effectively dissipated. The use of 9 to 16 thermal vias is recommended. 2.6.2 Thermal Management The ADC08D1520 is capable of impressive speeds and performance at very low power levels for its speed. However, the www.national.com 40 the input frequency and the input signal level, as described in 2.3 THE CLOCK INPUTS. It is good practice to keep the ADC input clock line as short as possible, to keep it well away from any other signals and to treat it as a transmission line. Other signals can introduce jitter into the input clock signal. The clock signal can also introduce noise into the analog path if not isolated from that path. Best dynamic performance is obtained when the exposed pad at the back of the package has a good connection to ground. This is because this path from the die to ground is a lower impedance than offered by the package pins. 2.9 USING THE SERIAL INTERFACE The ADC08D1520 may be operated in the Non-extended Control Mode or in the Extended Control Mode. Table 10 and Table 11 describe the functions of pins 3, 4, 14 and 127 in the Non-extended Control Mode and the Extended Control Mode, respectively. 2.9.1 Non-Extended Control Mode Operation Non-extended Control Mode operation means that the Serial Interface is not active and all controllable functions are controlled with various pin settings. Pin 41 is the primary control of the Extended Control Mode enable function. When pin 41 is logic high, the device is in the Non-extended Control Mode. If pin 41 is floating and pin 52 is floating or logic high, the Extended Control Enable function is controlled by pin 14. The device has functions which are pin programmable when in the Non-extended Control Mode. An example is the full-scale range; it is controlled in the Non-extended Control Mode by setting pin 14 logic high or low. Table 10 indicates the pin functions of the ADC08D1520 in the Non-extended Control Mode. 2.7 LAYOUT AND GROUNDING Proper grounding and proper routing of all signals are essential to ensure accurate conversion. A single ground plane should be used, instead of splitting the ground plane into analog and digital areas. Since digital switching transients are composed largely of high frequency components, the skin effect implies that the total ground plane copper weight will have little effect upon the logic-generated noise. Total surface area is more important than is total ground plane volume. Coupling between the typically noisy digital circuitry and the sensitive analog circuitry can lead to poor performance that may seem impossible to isolate and remedy. The solution is to keep the analog circuitry well separated from the digital circuitry. High power digital components should not be located on or near any linear component or power supply trace or plane that services analog or mixed signal components, as the resulting common return current path could cause fluctuation in the analog input “ground” return of the ADC, causing excessive noise in the conversion result. Generally, it is assumed that analog and digital lines should cross each other at 90° to avoid getting digital noise into the analog path. In high frequency systems, however, avoid crossing analog and digital lines altogether. The input clock lines should be isolated from ALL other lines, analog AND digital. The generally accepted 90° crossing should be avoided, as even a little coupling can cause problems at high frequencies. Best performance at high frequencies is obtained with a straight signal path. The analog input should be isolated from noisy signal traces to avoid coupling of spurious signals into the input. This is especially important with the low level drive required of the ADC08D1520. Any external component (e.g., a filter capacitor) connected between the converter's input and ground should be connected to a very clean point in the analog ground plane. All analog circuitry (input amplifiers, filters, etc.) should be separated from any digital components. TABLE 10. Non-Extended Control Mode Operation (Pin 41 Floating and Pin 52 Floating or Logic High) Pin Low High Floating 3 Reduced VOD Normal VOD N/A 4 OutEdge = Neg OutEdge = Pos DDR 127 CalDly Short CalDly Long DES Normal VIN Extended Control Mode 14 Reduced VIN Pin 3 can be either logic high or low in the Non-extended Control Mode. Pin 14 must not be left floating to select this mode. See 1.2 NON-EXTENDED AND EXTENDED CONTROL MODE for more information. Pin 4 can be logic high, logic low or left floating in the Nonextended Control Mode. In the Non-extended Control Mode, pin 4 logic high or low defines the edge at which the output data transitions. See 2.4.3 Output Edge Synchronization for more information. If this pin is floating, the output Data Clock (DCLK) is a Double Data Rate (DDR) clock (see 1.1.5.3 Double Data Rate and Single Data Rate) and the output edge synchronization is irrelevant since data is clocked out on both DCLK edges. Pin 127, if it is logic high or low in the Non-extended Control Mode, sets the calibration delay. If pin 127 is floating, the calibration delay is short and the converter performs in DES Mode. 2.8 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE The ADC08D1520 is a.c. tested and its dynamic performance is guaranteed. To meet the published specifications and avoid jitter-induced noise, the clock source driving the CLK input must exhibit low rms jitter. The allowable jitter is a function of 41 www.national.com ADC08D1520 The thermal vias should be placed on a 1.2 mm grid spacing and have a diameter of 0.30 to 0.33 mm. These vias should be barrel plated to avoid solder wicking into the vias during the soldering process as this wicking could cause voids in the solder between the package exposed pad and the thermal land on the PCB. Such voids could increase the thermal resistance between the device and the thermal land on the board, which would cause the device to run hotter. If it is desired to monitor die temperature, a temperature sensor may be mounted on the heat sink area of the board near the thermal vias. Allow for a thermal gradient between the temperature sensor and the ADC08D1520 die of θJ-PAD times typical power consumption = 2.8°C/W x 1.8W = 5°C. Allowing for 6°C, including some margin for temperature drop from the pad to the temperature sensor, would mean that maintaining a maximum pad temperature reading of 124°C will ensure that the die temperature does not exceed 130°C. This calculation assumes that the exposed pad of the ADC08D1520 is properly soldered down and the thermal vias are adequate. (The inaccuracy of the temperature sensor is in addition to the above calculation). ADC08D1520 TABLE 11. Extended Control Mode Operation (Pin 41 Logic Low or Pin 14 Floating and Pin 52 Floating or Logic High) Pin Using an inadequate amplifier to drive the analog input. Use care when choosing a high frequency amplifier to drive the ADC08D1520 as many high speed amplifiers will have higher distortion than the ADC08D1520, resulting in overall system performance degradation. Driving the VBG pin to change the reference voltage. As mentioned in 2.1 THE REFERENCE VOLTAGE, the reference voltage is intended to be fixed by FSR pin or Full-Scale Voltage Adjust register settings. Over driving this pin will not change the full scale value, but can be used to change the LVDS common mode voltage from 0.8V to 1.2V by tying the VBG pin to VA. Driving the clock input with an excessively high level signal. The ADC input clock level should not exceed the level described in the Operating Ratings Table or the input offset could change. Inadequate input clock levels. As described in 2.3 THE CLOCK INPUTS, insufficient input clock levels can result in poor performance. Excessive input clock levels could result in the introduction of an input offset. Using a clock source with excessive jitter, using an excessively long input clock signal trace, or having other signals coupled to the input clock signal trace. This will cause the sampling interval to vary, causing excessive output noise and a reduction in SNR performance. Failure to provide adequate heat removal. As described in 2.6.2 Thermal Management, it is important to provide adequate heat removal to ensure device reliability. This can be done either with adequate air flow or the use of a simple heat sink built into the board. The backside pad should be grounded for best performance. Function 3 SCLK (Serial Clock) 4 SDATA (Serial Data) 127 SCS (Serial Interface Chip Select) 2.10 COMMON APPLICATION PITFALLS Failure to write all register locations when using extended control mode. When using the serial interface, all nine address locations must be written at least once with the default or desired values before calibration and subsequent use of the ADC. Driving the inputs (analog or digital) beyond the power supply rails. For device reliability, no input should go more than 150 mV below the ground pins or 150 mV above the supply pins. Exceeding these limits on even a transient basis may not only cause faulty or erratic operation, but may impair device reliability. It is not uncommon for high speed digital circuits to exhibit undershoot that goes more than a volt below ground. Controlling the impedance of high speed lines and terminating these lines in their characteristic impedance should control overshoot. Care should be taken not to overdrive the inputs of the ADC08D1520. Such practice may lead to conversion inaccuracies and even to device damage. Incorrect analog input common mode voltage in the d.c. coupled mode. As discussed in 1.1.4 The Analog Inputs and 2.2 THE ANALOG INPUT, the Input common mode voltage must remain within 50 mV of the VCMO output , which varies with temperature and must also be tracked. Distortion performance will be degraded if the input common mode voltage is more than 50 mV from VCMO . www.national.com 42 ADC08D1520 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED REFERENCE JEDEC REGISTRATION MS-026, VARIATION BFB. 128-Lead Exposed Pad LQFP Order Number ADC08D1520CIYB NS Package Number VNX128A 43 www.national.com ADC08D1520 Low Power, 8-Bit, Dual 1.5 GSPS or Single 3.0 GSPS A/D Converter Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage Reference www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Solutions www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise® Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic Wireless (PLL/VCO) www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise® Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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