a High Accuracy Low IQ, 500 mA anyCAP® Adjustable Low Dropout Regulator ADP3334 FEATURES High Accuracy Over Line and Load: ⴞ0.9% @ 25ⴗC, ⴞ1.8% over Temperature Ultralow Dropout Voltage: 200 mV (Typ) @ 500 mA Requires Only CO = 1.0 F for Stability anyCAP = Stable with Any Type of Capacitor (Including MLCC) Current and Thermal Limiting Low Noise Low Shutdown Current: < 1.0 A (Typ) 2.6 V to 11 V Supply Range 1.5 V to 10 V Output Range –40ⴗC to +85ⴗC Ambient Temperature Range Thermally-Enhanced 8-Lead SO Package FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Q1 IN OUT ADP3334 THERMAL PROTECTION CC FB gm DRIVER SD BANDGAP REF GND APPLICATIONS Cellular Phones Camcorders, Cameras Networking Systems, DSL/Cable Modems Cable Set-Top Boxes DSP Supplies Personal Digital Assistants GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADP3334 is a member of the ADP333x family of precision low dropout anyCAP voltage regulators. The ADP3334 operates with an input voltage range of 2.6 V to 11 V and delivers a continuous load current up to 500 mA. The novel anyCAP architecture requires only a very small 1 µF output capacitor for stability, and the LDO is insensitive to the capacitor’s equivalent series resistance (ESR). This makes ADP3334 stable with any capacitor, including ceramic (MLCC) types for space restricted applications. The ADP3334 achieves exceptional accuracy of ± 0.9% at room temperature and ± 1.8% over temperature, line, and load. The dropout voltage of the ADP3334 is only 200 mV (typical) at 500 mA. This device also includes a safety current limit, thermal overload protection and a shutdown feature. In shutdown mode, the ground current is reduced to less than 1 µA. The ADP3334 has low quiescent current 90 µA (typical) in light load situations. ADP3334 VIN IN OUT IN OUT VOUT R1 CIN 1F FB SD GND CNR COUT 1F R2 OFF ON Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit The ADP3334 also features ADI’s thermally enhanced Thermal Coastline package. This allows 1 W of power dissipation without any external heat sinking. anyCAP is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc. REV. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2001 ADP3334–SPECIFICATIONS1, 2, 3 (V IN = 6.0 V, CIN = COUT = 1.0 F, TA = –40ⴗC to +85ⴗC, unless otherwise noted.) Parameter Symbol Conditions Min OUTPUT Voltage Accuracy4 VOUT VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 0.4 V to 11 V IL = 0.1 mA to 500 mA TA = 25°C VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 0.4 V to 11 V IL = 0.1 mA to 500 mA TA = 85°C VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 0.4 V to 11 V IL = 0.1 mA to 500 mA TJ = 150°C VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 0.4 V to 11 V IL = 0.1 mA TA = 25°C IL = 0.1 mA to 500 mA TA = 25°C VOUT = 98% of VOUT(NOM) IL = 500 mA IL = 300 mA IL = 100 mA IL = 1 mA VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V f = 10 Hz–100 kHz, CL = 10 µF IL = 500 mA, CNR = 10 nF f = 10 Hz–100 kHz, CL = 10 µF IL = 500 mA, CNR = 0 nF Line Regulation4 Load Regulation Dropout Voltage Peak Load Current Output Noise GROUND CURRENT5 In Regulation VDROP ILDPK VNOISE IGND In Dropout IGND In Shutdown IGNDSD SHUTDOWN Threshold Voltage SD Input Current Output Current In Shutdown VTHSD ISD IOSD Max Unit –0.9 +0.9 % –1.8 +1.8 % –2.3 +2.3 % 0.04 mV/V 0.04 mV/mA 200 140 60 10 800 27 400 250 140 mV mV mV mV mA µV rms µV rms 45 IL = 500 mA IL = 300 mA IL = 50 mA IL = 0.1 mA VIN = VOUT(NOM) – 100 mV IL = 0.1 mA SD = 6 V, VIN = 11 V LDO OFF LDO ON 0 ≤ SD ≤ 5 V TA = 25°C, VIN = 11 V TA = 85°C, VIN = 11 V Typ 4.5 2.6 0.5 90 150 10 6 1.5 130 450 mA mA mA µA µA 0.9 3 µA 1.2 0.01 0.01 0.4 3 5 5 V V µA µA µA 2.0 NOTES 1 All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard statistical quality control (SQC) methods. 2 Ambient temperature of 85°C corresponds to a junction temperature of 125°C under pulsed full load test conditions. 3 Application stable with no load. 4 VIN = 2.6 V to 11 V for models with V OUT(NOM) ≤ 2.2 V. 5 Ground current includes current through external resistors. Specifications subject to change without notice. –2– REV. 0 ADP3334 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Input Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +16 V Shutdown Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +16 V Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internally Limited Operating Ambient Temperature Range . . . . –40°C to +85°C Operating Junction Temperature Range . . . –40°C to +150°C Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C JA 2-Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.3°C/W JA 4-Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6°C/W Lead Temperature Range (Soldering 6 sec) . . . . . . . . . 300°C *This is a stress rating only; operation beyond these limits can cause the device to be permanently damaged. ORDERING GUIDE Model Output Package Description Package Option ADP3334AR ADJ Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC-8) SO-8 Pin No. Mnemonic Function 1 2 GND SD 3, 4 IN Ground Pin. Shutdown Control. Pulling this pin low turns on the regulator. Regulator Input. 5, 6 OUT 7 FB 8 NC Output. Bypass to ground with a 1.0 µF or larger capacitor. Feedback Input. FB should be connected to an external resistor divider which sets the output voltage. No connection. PIN CONFIGURATION GND 1 SD 2 8 ADP3334 NC 7 FB TOP VIEW IN 3 (Not to Scale) 6 OUT IN 4 5 OUT NC = NO CONNECT CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the ADP3334 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. REV. 0 –3– WARNING! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE ADP3334–Typical Performance Characteristics 2.201 2.202 IL = 0 VOUT = 2.2V VIN = 6V 2.199 150mA 2.198 2.197 300mA 2.196 2.195 2.199 2.197 2.196 2.195 80 4 6 8 10 INPUT VOLTAGE – Volts 12 40 20 0 TPC 1. Line Regulation Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage 100 200 300 400 OUTPUT LOAD – mA 0 500 TPC 2. Output Voltage vs. Load Current OUTPUT CHANGE – % 0.3 0.2 0.1 500mA 0 1.0 –0.1 0 100 200 300 400 OUTPUT LOAD – mA IL = 500mA TPC 5. Output Voltage Variation % vs. Junction Temperature 12 VIN = 6V VOUT = 2.2V 6 5 300mA 4 3 2 100mA 1 50mA 500mA 0 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE – ⴗC 0 –0.2 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE – ⴗC 500 TPC 4. Ground Current vs. Load Current GROUND CURRENT – mA 300mA 4.0 2.0 4 6 8 10 INPUT VOLTAGE – Volts 7 0.4 3.0 2 8 0 VIN = 6V VOUT = 2.2V 0 TPC 3. Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage 0.5 5.0 IL = 0 60 2.193 2 VOUT = 2.2V 100 2.198 2.194 500mA 2.194 0 IL = 100A 120 GROUND CURRENT – A OUTPUT VOLTAGE – Volts 2.200 2.200 TPC 6. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature 250 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400 OUTPUT LOAD – mA TPC 7. Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current 500 VOUT = 2.2V SD = GND RL = 4.4⍀ 3.0 2.5 2.0 3 2 COUT = 1F 1 1.5 0 1.0 4 VIN – V INPUT/OUTPUT VOLTAGE – V 200 VOUT – V VOUT = 2.2V DROPOUT VOLTAGE – mV OUTPUT VOLTAGE – Volts 2.201 GROUND CURRENT – mA 140 VOUT = 2.2V 0.5 COUT = 10F 2 VOUT = 2.2V SD = GND RL = 4.4⍀ 0 0 1 2 3 TIME – Sec 4 TPC 8. Power-Up/Power-Down –4– 200 400 600 TIME – s 800 TPC 9. Power-Up Response REV. 0 2.189 2.179 2.190 3.000 40 80 140 TIME – s VOUT = 2.2V RL = 4.4⍀ CL = 10F 2.189 2.179 VIN – V 3.500 3.500 3.000 40 180 2.3 2.2 200 400 600 TIME – s 0 VIN = 4V 0 800 200 400 600 TIME – s CL = 10F IL = 500mA 10F 10F 1F 0 VIN = 6V VOUT = 2.2V RL = 4.4⍀ –70 IL = 500mA WITHOUT NOISE REDUCTION 100 IL = 500mA WITH NOISE REDUCTION 80 IL = 0mA WITHOUT NOISE REDUCTION 60 40 CL = 10F IL = 50A –80 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY – Hz 1M 400 600 TIME – s 800 TPC 15. Turn Off/On Response 10 VOUT = 2.2V IL = 1mA CL = 10F CL = 10F CNR = 10nF CNR = 0 1 CL = 1F CNR = 0 0.1 CL = 1F CNR = 10nF 0.01 20 –90 100 0 100 120 –60 2 200 VOUT = 2.0V CNR = 10nF 140 CL = 1F IL = 50A 800 1F 1 TPC 14. Short Circuit Current RMS NOISE – V CL = 1F IL = 500mA –40 10M TPC 16. Power Supply Ripple Rejection REV. 0 2 800 160 –30 RIPPLE REJECTION – dB FULL SHORT 800m⍀ SHORT 1 TPC 13. Load Transient Response VOUT = 2.2V 400 600 TIME – s TPC 12. Load Transient Response VSD – V IOUT – A IOUT – mA 0 10 0 2 VOUT = 2.2V VIN = 6V CL = 10F 200 –50 VIN = 6V VOUT = 2.2V CL = 1F 200 2.2 3 –20 400 200 2.1 400 2.1 180 TPC 11. Line Transient Response VOUT – V TPC 10. Line Transient Response 80 140 TIME – s 2.2 VOLTAGE NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY – V/ Hz VIN – V 2.200 VOUT = 2.2V RL = 4.4⍀ CL = 1F 2.3 VOUT – V 2.190 VOUT – V 2.210 IOUT – mA 2.200 VOUT – V 2.210 VOUT – V VOUT – V ADP3334 0 0 IL = 0mA WITH NOISE REDUCTION 10 20 30 CL – F 40 TPC 17. RMS Noise vs. CL (10 Hz–100 kHz) –5– 50 0.001 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY – Hz TPC 18. Output Noise Density 1M ADP3334 superior line noise rejection and very high regulator gain, which leads to excellent line and load regulation. An impressive ± 1.8% accuracy is guaranteed over line, load, and temperature. THEORY OF OPERATION The new anyCAP LDO ADP3334 uses a single control loop for regulation and reference functions. The output voltage is sensed by a resistive voltage divider consisting of R1 and R2 which is varied to provide the available output voltage option. Feedback is taken from this network by way of a series diode (D1) and a second resistor divider (R3 and R4) to the input of an amplifier. Additional features of the circuit include current limit and thermal shutdown. APPLICATION INFORMATION Capacitor Selection OUTPUT INPUT Q1 NONINVERTING WIDEBAND DRIVER ATTENUATION (VBANDG AP / VOUT) COMPENSATION CAPACITOR R3 D1 PTAT FB VOS gm PTAT CURRENT R4 ADP3334 Output Capacitors: as with any micropower device, output transient response is a function of the output capacitance. The ADP3334 is stable with a wide range of capacitor values, types and ESR (anyCAP). A capacitor as low as 1 µF is all that is needed for stability; larger capacitors can be used if high output current surges are anticipated. The ADP3334 is stable with extremely low ESR capacitors (ESR ⬇ 0), such as multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) or OSCON. Note that the effective capacitance of some capacitor types may fall below the minimum over temperature or with DC voltage. R1 CLOAD (a) RLOAD R2 GND Input Bypass Capacitor Figure 2. Functional Block Diagram An input bypass capacitor is not strictly required but is advisable in any application involving long input wires or high source impedance. Connecting a 1 µF capacitor from IN to ground reduces the circuit’s sensitivity to PC board layout. If a larger value output capacitor is used, then a larger value input capacitor is also recommended. A very high gain error amplifier is used to control this loop. The amplifier is constructed in such a way that equilibrium produces a large, temperature-proportional input, “offset voltage” that is repeatable and very well controlled. The temperatureproportional offset voltage is combined with the complementary diode voltage to form a “virtual bandgap” voltage, implicit in the network, although it never appears explicitly in the circuit. Ultimately, this patented design makes it possible to control the loop with only one amplifier. This technique also improves the noise characteristics of the amplifier by providing more flexibility on the trade-off of noise sources that leads to a low noise design. Noise Reduction A noise reduction capacitor (CNR) can be placed between the output and the feedback pin to further reduce the noise by 6 dB–10 dB (TPC 18). Low leakage capacitors in 100 pF to 1 nF range provide the best performance. Since the feedback pin (FB) is internally connected to a high impedance node, any connection to this node should be carefully done to avoid noise pickup from external sources. The pad connected to this pin should be as small as possible and long PC board traces are not recommended. The R1, R2 divider is chosen in the same ratio as the bandgap voltage to the output voltage. Although the R1, R2 resistor divider is loaded by the diode D1 and a second divider consisting of R3 and R4, the values can be chosen to produce a temperature stable output. This unique arrangement specifically corrects for the loading of the divider thus avoiding the error resulting from base current loading in conventional circuits. When adding a noise reduction capacitor, maintain a minimum load current of 1 mA when not in shutdown. It is important to note that as CNR increases, the turn-on time will be delayed. With CNR values of 1 nF, this delay may be on the order of several milliseconds. The patented amplifier controls a new and unique noninverting driver that drives the pass transistor, Q1. The use of this special noninverting driver enables the frequency compensation to include the load capacitor in a pole-splitting arrangement to achieve reduced sensitivity to the value, type, and ESR of the load capacitance. ADP3334 VIN IN OUT IN OUT Most LDOs place very strict requirements on the range of ESR values for the output capacitor because they are difficult to stabilize due to the uncertainty of load capacitance and resistance. Moreover, the ESR value, required to keep conventional LDOs stable, changes depending on load and temperature. These ESR limitations make designing with LDOs more difficult because of their unclear specifications and extreme variations over temperature. VOUT R1 CIN 1F FB SD GND CNR COUT 1F R2 OFF ON Figure 3. Typical Application Circuit With the ADP3334 anyCAP LDO, this is no longer true. It can be used with virtually any good quality capacitor, with no constraint on the minimum ESR. This innovative design allows the circuit to be stable with just a small 1 µF capacitor on the output. Additional advantages of the pole-splitting scheme include Output Voltage The ADP3334 has an adjustable output voltage that can be set by an external resistor divider. The output voltage will be divided by R1 and R2, and then fed back to the FB pin. –6– REV. 0 ADP3334 In order to have the lowest possible sensitivity of the output voltage to temperature variations, it is important that the parallel resistance of R1 and R2 is always 50 kΩ. R1 × R2 = 50 kΩ R1 + R2 Also, for the best accuracy over temperature the feedback voltage should be set for 1.178 V: VFB = VOUT R2 × R1 + R2 where VOUT is the desired output voltage and VFB is the “virtual bandgap” voltage. Note that VFB does not actually appear at the FB pin due to loading by the internal PTAT current. Combining the above equations and solving for R1 and R2 gives the following formulas: R1 = 50 kΩ × R2 = VOUT VFB 50 kΩ VFB 1 − VOUT Table I. Feedback Resistor Selection VOUT (V) R1(1% Resistor) (kΩ) R2 (1% Resistor) (kΩ) 1.5 63.4 232 1.8 76.8 147 2.2 93.1 107 2.7 115 88.7 3.3 140 78.7 5 210 64.9 10 422 56.2 Thermal Overload Protection The ADP3334 is protected against damage from excessive power dissipation by its thermal overload protection circuit which limits the die temperature to a maximum of 165°C. Under extreme conditions (i.e., high ambient temperature and power dissipation) where die temperature starts to rise above 165°C, the output current is reduced until the die temperature has dropped to a safe level. The output current is restored when the die temperature is reduced. Current and thermal limit protections are intended to protect the device against accidental overload conditions. For normal operation, device power dissipation should be externally limited so that junction temperatures will not exceed 150°C. REV. 0 Calculating Junction Temperature Device power dissipation is calculated as follows: PD = (VIN – VOUT) ILOAD + (VIN) IGND Where ILOAD and IGND are load current and ground current, VIN and VOUT are input and output voltages respectively. Assuming ILOAD = 400 mA, IGND = 4 mA, VIN = 5.0 V and VOUT = 2.8 V, device power dissipation is: PD = (5 – 2.8) 400 mA + 5.0 (4 mA) = 900 mW The proprietary package used in the ADP3334 has a thermal resistance of 86.6°C/W, significantly lower than a standard SOIC-8 package. Assuming a 4-layer board, the junction temperature rise above ambient temperature will be approximately equal to: ∆TJA = 0.900 W × 86.6o C /W = 77.9o C To limit the maximum junction temperature to 150°C, maximum allowable ambient temperature will be: TAMAX = 150°C – 77.9°C/W = 72.1°C Printed Circuit Board Layout Consideration All surface mount packages rely on the traces of the PC board to conduct heat away from the package. In standard packages the dominant component of the heat resistance path is the plastic between the die attach pad and the individual leads. In typical thermally enhanced packages one or more of the leads are fused to the die attach pad, significantly decreasing this component. To make the improvement meaningful, however, a significant copper area on the PCB must be attached to these fused pins. The patented thermal coastline lead frame design of the ADP3334 uniformly minimizes the value of the dominant portion of the thermal resistance. It ensures that heat is conducted away by all pins of the package. This yields a very low 86.6°C/W thermal resistance for an SOIC-8 package, without any special board layout requirements, relying only on the normal traces connected to the leads. This yields a 15% improvement in heat dissipation capability as compared to a standard SOIC-8 package. The thermal resistance can be decreased by, approximately, an additional 10% by attaching a few square cm of copper area to the IN or OUT pins of the ADP3334 package. It is not recommended to use solder mask or silkscreen on the PCB traces adjacent to the ADP3334’s pins since it will increase the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the package. Shutdown Mode Applying a TTL high signal to the shutdown (SD) pin or tying it to the input pin, will turn the output OFF. Pulling SD down to 0.4 V or below, or tying it to ground will turn the output ON. In shutdown mode, quiescent current is reduced to much less than 1 µA. –7– ADP3334 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). C02610–1.5–7/01(0) 8-Lead SOIC (R-8) 0.1968 (5.00) 0.1890 (4.80) 0.1574 (4.00) 0.1497 (3.80) 8 5 1 4 0.2440 (6.20) 0.2284 (5.80) PIN 1 0.0196 (0.50) ⴛ 45ⴗ 0.0099 (0.25) 0.0500 (1.27) BSC SEATING PLANE 0.0688 (1.75) 0.0532 (1.35) 8ⴗ 0.0098 (0.25) 0ⴗ 0.0500 (1.27) 0.0160 (0.41) 0.0075 (0.19) 0.0192 (0.49) 0.0138 (0.35) PRINTED IN U.S.A. 0.0098 (0.25) 0.0040 (0.10) –8– REV. 0