www.fairchildsemi.com RC4194 Dual Tracking Voltage Regulators Features • Simultaneously adjustable outputs with one resistor to ±42V • Load current – ±200 mA with 0.04% load regulation • Internal thermal shutdown at TJ = +175°C • External balance for ±VOUT unbalancing • 3W power dissipations Description Block Diagram The RC/RM4194 are dual polarity tracking regulators designed to provide balanced or unbalanced positive and negative output voltages at currents to 200 mA. A single external resistor adjustment can be used to change both outputs between the limits of ±50 mV and ±42V. These devices are designed for local “on-card” regulation, eliminating distribution problems associated with singlepoint regulation. To simplify application the regulators require a minimum number of external parts. The device is available in three package types to accommodate various power requirements. The K (TO-66) power package can dissipate up to 3W at TA = +25°C. The D 14-pin dual in-line will dissipate up to 1W and the N 14-pin dual in-line will dissipate up to 625 mW. 4194 +VS +VOUT GND 20K Comp+ 100µA Current Source RSET Bal 20K Comp– RO Thermal Shutdown –VOUT –VS 3R R 65-4194-01 Rev. 1.0.0 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 Pin Assignments -VS (Case) +VS +VOUT GND 6 Comp+ 5 4 7 3 2 8 Bal R SET 9 Comp- 1 RO -VOUT +VOUT 1 14 +V S NC 2 13 NC Comp+ 3 12 GND Bal 4 11 R SET Comp- 5 10 RO NC 6 9 NC -V S 7 8 -VOUT 65-4194-03 65-4194-02 Absolute Maximum Ratings (beyond which the device may be damaged)1 Parameter Supply Voltage Supply Input to Output Voltage Differential Load Current PDTA < 50°C Max Units RC4194 Min Typ ±35 V RM4194 ±45 V RC4194 ±35 V RM4194 ±45 V PDIP 100 mA CerDIP 150 mA TO-66 Metal Can 250 mA PDIP 468 mW CerDIP 1042 mW TO-66 Metal Can Operating Temperature (Tj) 2381 mW RC4194 0 70 °C RM4194 -55 125 °C -65 150 °C PDIP 125 °C CerDIP 175 °C TO-66 Metal Can 150 °C 300 °C Storage Temperature Junction Temperature Lead Soldering Temperature (60 seconds) For TA > 50°C Derate at TO-66 Metal Can 23.81 mW/°C PDIP 6.25 mW/°C CerDIP 8.38 mW/°C Note: 1. Functional operation under any of these conditions is NOT implied. 2 RC4194 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Operating Conditions Parameter qJC qJA Min Thermal Resistance Thermal Resistance Typ Max Units CerDIP 60 °C/W TO-66 Metal Can 7 °C/W PDIP 160 °C/W CerDIP 120 °C/W TO-66 Metal Can 42 °C/W Electrical Characteristics (±5 £ VOUT £ VMAX; –VIN £ -8V; IL = ±1mA; RM4194: -55°C £ Tj £ +125°C; RC4194: 0°C £ Tj £ +70°C unless otherwise specified) Parameters Typ Max Units Line Regulation DVS = 0.1 VIN Test Conditions Min 0.04 0.1 %VOUT Load Regulation1 4194K: IL < 200 mA 4194D: IL < 100 mA ±VS = ± (VOUT + 5)V 0.002 0.004 %VOUT/IL (mA) Positive Output VOUT = ±5V 0.002 0.015 %/°C Negative Output VOUT = ±5V 0.003 0.015 %/°C VS = ±VMAX, VOUT = 0V, IL = 0 mA +0.8 +2.5 mA Supply Current4 (Negative) VS = ±VMAX, VOUT = 0V, IL = 0 mA -1.8 -4.0 mA Supply Voltage RM4194 ±9.5 ±45 V RC4194 ±9.5 ±35 V Output Voltage Scale Factor RSET = 71.5 kW, Tj = +25°C, VS = ±VMAX 2.38 2.62 kW/V Output Voltage Range RM4194: RSET = 71.5 kW, IL = 25 mA 0.05 ±42 V RC4194: RSET = 71.5 kW, IL = 25 mA 0.05 ±42 V ±2.0 % Output Voltage Drift With Temperature2 Supply Current3 (Positive) 2.5 ±0.4 Output Voltage Tracking Ripple Rejection F = 120 Hz, Tj = +25°C Input-Output Voltage Differential IL = 50 mA, Tj = +25°C Short Circuit Current VS = ±30V, Tj = +25°C 300 mA Output Noise Voltage CL = 4.7 mF, VOUT = ±15V, F = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 250 mVRMS 175 °C Internal Thermal Shutdown 70 3.0 dB V Notes: DV OUT 1. Measured as æ ------------------ ´ 100%ö § I L (mA) è V OUT ø 2. Output voltage temperature drift guaranteed by design. 3. The current drain will increase by 50mA/VOUT on positive side and 100mA/VOUT on negative side. 4. The specifications above apply for the given junction temperatures since pulse test conditions are used. 3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 Typical Performance Characteristics 0.06 110 90 VOUT = ±15V 70 50 10 0 65-0201 30 100 1K 10K 100K 0.05 0.04 Tj = +125¡C 0.03 0.02 Tj = +25¡C 0.01 0 65-0202 130 Load Regulation (% VOUT/IL) Ripple Rejection (dB) 150 -0.01 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 F (Hz) IL (mA) Figure 2. Load Regulation vs. Load Current 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 A B -0.4 C -0.6 -60 -40 -20 65-0203 Output Voltage Tracking (% VOUT) Figure 1. Ripple Rejection vs. Frequency 0 +20 +40 +60 +80 +100+120+140 Tj (¡C) A = % Tracking of VOUT B = T.C. for Positive Regulator C = T.C. for Negative Regulator Figure 3. Output Voltage Tracking vs. Temperature 4 RC4194 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Typical Applications +VOUT To Additional Comparators 4.7µF** 0.01µF +VS +VS Comp+ +VOUT RM4194 -VS -VS R SET Comp- Gnd RA R0 (Typically 15 RC4805s) 4805 Bal RB -VOUT -V OUT = -5V To Additional Comparators 71.5K R0 4.7µF R O (k½ ) = 2.5 (-VOUT ) Adjust R O for -VOUT = -5V (12.5 kW ) R F1 = R F2 = 20 k½ (See Schematic) 0.01µF R F1 + VOUT = -VOUT R F2 R A = when +VOUT 65-0205 RA RB -VOUT R B = when +VOUT -V OUT For +VOUT = 5 when -VOUT = -5V RA = RB = Figure 4. Unbalanced Output Voltage — Comparator Application R SC* 2N4905 or equiv. 0.1 mF 2N2297 or equiv. +VOUT 47W +VS +VS Comp+ +V OUT GND 60µF** 4194 47 W -VS -VS R SET Comp- R0 -V OUT -V OUT 60µF 0.1 mF R0 2N2297 or equiv. 71.5K Load regulation 10 mV @ 2.5A R SC* R O (k W) = 2.5 V O 2N914 or equiv. *R SC = 0.7 I SC **Optional usage - Not as critical as -VO bypass capacitors. Note: Compensation and bypass capacitor connections should be close as posibe to the 4194 65-0206 Figure 5. High Output Application 5 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 Typical Applications (continued) +VOUT = +15V To Additional Op Amps 0.001µF 4.7µF** +VS +VOUT Comp+ +VS 4194 -VS -VS R SET Comp- (Typically 180 741s) 741 -V OUT = -15V To Additional Op Amps -V OUT R0 Gnd 71.5K R0 4.7µF 0.001µF 65-0204 R O (k½) = 2.5 V OUT Figure 6. Balanced Output Voltage — Op Amp Application +VS = +25V 2 In 0.01µF Out 6 REF-02 VOUT = 4 I O R1 R2 250 -VS Gnd 4 0.001 +V O CC 4.87K 15 14 3 Ref+ -V S Ref- 16 Comp 13 +VS 2 R 0 2 +V OUT (0 to +19.92V) 10µF IO IO V LC B1 6 IO 4 DAC-08 1 7 5 Comp + +VS R1 2.49K B8 3 R SET NC 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 RC4194K -VO 1 Comp- -VS Gnd Case 4 9 -V OUT (0 to -19.92V) 10µF LSB MSB Binary Inputs 0.001 -VS = -25V Adjust R2 for -19.92V at -VOUT with all "1s" at binary inputs, then optionally adjust R3 for +19.92V at +VOUT +Vo 6 Optional Tracking Adjustment R3 65-1725 RC4194K Bal -Vo Figure 7. Digitally Controlled Dual 200 mA Voltage Regulator 6 8 100K 1 100K RC4194 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 Switchable Power Supply Compensation The outputs of the RC4194 can be simultaneously switched on or off under logic control as shown in Figure 8. In the “off” state, the outputs will be forced to a minimum voltage, or about ±20 mV, rather than becoming open-circuit. The turn-on time, with the outputs programmed to ±12V, is approximately 200 mS. This circuit works by forcing the R0 pin to ground with an analog switch. For most applications, the following compensation technique is sufficient. The positive regulator section of the RC4194 is compensated by a 0.001 mF ceramic disc capacitor from the Comp+ terminal to ground. The negative regulator requires compensation at two points. The first is the Comp– pin, which should have 0.001 mF to the –VS pin, or case. A ceramic disc is ideal here. The second compen-sation point for the negative side is the –VOUT terminal, which ideally should be a 4.7 mF solid tantalum capacitor with enough reserve voltage capacity to avoid the momentary shorting and reforming which can occur with tantalum caps. For systems where the cost of a solid tantalum capacitor cannot be justified, it is usually sufficient to use an aluminum capacitor with a 0.03 mF ceramic disc in parallel to bypass high frequencies. In addition, if the rectifier filter capacitors have poor high frequency characteristics (like aluminum electrolytics) or if any impedance is in series with the +VS and –VS terminals, it is necessary to bypass these two points with 0.01 mF ceramic disc capacitors. Just as with monolithic op amps, some applications may not require these bypass caps, but if in doubt, be sure to include them. Refer to the RC4194 internal schematic diagram. A reference voltage that regulates with respect to –VS is generated at the RSET pin by the zener diode Q12 and the buffer circuit of Q11 and Q13. When the external 71.5k RSET resistor is connected between the RSET pin and –VS, a precision current of 100 mA is generated which then flows into Q13’s collector. Since Q13’s collector is tied to the R0 pin, the 100 mA current will develop a ground-referenced voltage drop proportional to the value of R0, which is then amplified by the internal error amplifier. When the analog switch in Figure 8 turns on, it effectively shorts out R0 and causes 0V to be applied to the error amplifier. The output voltage in the off state will be approxi-mately ±20 mV. If a higher value (50 to 100 mV) is acceptable, then the DG201 analog switch can be replaced with a low-cost small signal transistor, as shown in the alternate switch configuration. C 0.001 µF +VS Comp+ +VS 0.001 m F 4.7 µF 4194 –VS –VOUT RSET -VS RSET 71.5K +VS +12V +VOUT Comp– –VS R0 -12V 4.7 µF Gnd R0 30K * Alternate Switch Configuration 4194 R0 Logic DG201 * Gnd 47K 2N3904 30K *Quad SPST CMOS Analog Switch 65-4083 Figure 8. ±12V Switchable Power Supply 7 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 All compensation and bypass caps should have short leads, solid grounds, and be located as close to the 4194 as possible. Refer to Figure 9 for recommended compensation circuitry. 0.001µF +VS Comp+ +VS 0.01µF Protection –VS In systems using monolithic voltage regulators, a number of conditions can exist which, left uncorrected, will destroy the regulator. Fortunately, regulators can easily be protected against these potentially destructive conditions. Monolithic regulators can be destroyed by any reversal of input or output voltage polarity, or if the input voltage drops below the output voltage in magnitude. These conditions can be caused by inductive loads at the inputs or outputs of the regulator. Other problems are caused by heavy loads at the unregulated inputs to the regulator, which might cause the input voltage to drop below the output voltage at turn-off. If any of the preceding problem conditions are present in your system, it is recommended that you protect the regulator using diodes. These diodes should be high speed types capable of handling large current surges. Figure 10 shows all six of the possible protection diodes. The diodes at the inputs and outputs prevent voltages at those points from becoming reversed. Diodes from outputs to inputs prevent the output voltage from exceeding the input voltage. Chances are that the system under consideration will not require all six diodes, but if in doubt, be sure to include them. +VOUT +VOUT –VOUT RSET Comp- –VOUT 4194 –VS R0 4.7µF 0.001µF 65-4201 0.01µF Note: All Capacitors are Ceramic Disc Except * = Solid Tantalum Figure 9. RC4194 Recommended Compensation Sometimes occasions arise in which the RC4194 ratings must be exceeded. One example is the “brownout.” During a brownout, line voltages may be reduced to as low as 75 VRMS, causing the input voltage to the RC4194 to drop below the minimum dropout voltage. When this happens, the negative output voltage can go to positive. The maximum amount of current available is approximately 5 mA. Brownout Protection In general this is not enough current to damage most ICs which the RC4194 might be supplying, but it is a potentially destructive condition. Fortunately, it is easy to protect against. As shown in the typical application circuit in Figure 11, a diode, D, can be connected to the negative output. The RC4194 is one of the most easily applied and troublefree monolithic ICs available. When used within the data sheet ratings (package power dissipation, maximum output current, minimum and maximum input voltages) it provides the most cost-effective source of regulated ±15V for powering linear ICs. 0.001µF +VS +VS 0.01µF -VS Comp+ +VOUT +VOUT 4194 -V OUT RSET Comp- -VS R 0 -V OUT 4.7µF * R0 To -V OUT R SET 0.001 F 0.01µF Note: All Capacitors are Ceramic Disc Except * = Solid Tantalum 65-4202 Figure 10. RC4194 Regulator Showing All Protective Diodes 8 * RSET R0 RC4194 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION If a small signal silicon diode is used, it will clamp the negative output voltage at about +0.55V. A Schottky barrier or germanium device would clamp the voltage at about +0.3V. Another cure which will keep the negative output negative at all times is the 1 mW resistor connected between the +15V output and the Comp- terminal. This resistor will then supply drive to the negative output transistor, causing it to saturate to -1V during the brownout. Let’s look at an application where a user is trying to determine whether the RC4194 in a high temperature environment will need a heatsink. Heatsinking qJ-A = 41.6°C/W, K (TO-66) pkg. Voltage Regulators are power devices which are used in a wide range of applications. When operating these devices near their extremes of load current, ambient temperature and input-output differential, consideration of package dissipation becomes important to avoid thermal shutdown at 175°C. The RC4194 has this feature to prevent damage to the device. It typically starts affecting load regulation approximately 2°C below 175°C. To avoid shutdown, some form of heatsinking should be used or one of the above operating conditions would need to be derated.* The following is the basic equation for junction temperature: TJ = TA + PD qJ – A Given: TJ at thermal shutdown = 150°C TA = 125°C VIN = 40V VOUT = 30V IQ = 1 mA + 75 mA/VOUT x 30V = 3.25 mA* TJ – TA q J – A = -----------------PD TJ – TA P D = -----------------qJ – A = ( V IN – V OUT ) ´ I O + V IN ´ I Q Solve for IO, V IN ´ I Q TJ – TA - – ---------------------------------I O = -----------------------------------------------q J – A ( V IN – V OUT ) ( V IN – V OUT ) Equation 1 –3 where TJ = junction temperature (°C) 150°C – 125°C 40 ´ 3.25 ´ 10 I O = ----------------------------------------- – ---------------------------------------41.6°C/W ´ 10V 10 = 60 mA – 13 mA ~ 47 mA TA = ambient air temperature (°C) qJ-A = thermal resistance from junction to ambient air (°C/W) If this supply current does not provide at least a 10% margin under worst case load conditions, heatsinking should be employed. If reliability is of prime importance, the multiple regulator approach should be considered. The power dissipated by the voltage regulator can be detailed as follows: In Equation 1, qJ-A can be broken into the following components: P D = ( V IN – V OUT ) ´ I O + V IN ´ I Q qJ-A = qJ-C + qC-S + qS-A Equation 2 where where qJ-C = junction-to-case thermal resistance VIN = input voltage qC-S = case-to-heatsink thermal resistance VOUT = regulated output voltage qS-A = heatsink-to-ambient thermal resistance PD = power dissipated by device (W) IO = load current IQ = quiescent current drain ——————————————— *The current drain will increase by 50mA/VOUT on positive side and 100mA/VOUT on negative side 9 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 In the above example, let’s say that the user’s load current is 200 mA and he wants to calculate the combined qC-S and qS-A he needs: Given qJ-C = 7.15°C/W for the 4194 in the K package, qC-S + qS-A = 11.75°C/W – 7.15°C/W Given: IO = 200 mA, = 4.6°C/W TJ – TA q J – A = -------------------------------------------------------------------------( V IN – V OUT ) ´ I O + V IN ´ I Q 50°C – 125°C = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------–3 10V ´ 200mA + 40 ´ 3.25 ´ 10 When using heatsink compound with a metal-to-metal interface, a typical qC-S = 0.5°C/W for the K package. The remaining qS-A of approximately 4°C/W is a large enough thermal resistance to be easily provided by a number of heatsinks currently available. Table 1 is a brief selection guide to heatsink manufacturers. = 11.75°C/W Table 1. Commercial Heatsink Selection Guide No attempt has been made to provide a complete list of all heatsink manufacturers. This list is only representative. qS-A1(°C/W) Manufacturer/Series or Part Number TO-66 Package 0.31 – 1.0 1.0 – 3.0 Thermalloy — 6441, 6443, 6450, 6470, 6560, 6590, 6660, 6690 Wakefield — 641 Thermalloy — 6123, 6135, 6169, 6306, 6401, 6403, 6421, 6423, 6427, 6442, 6463, 6500 3.0 – 5.0 Wakefield — 621, 623 Thermalloy — 6606, 6129, 6141, 6303 IERC — HP Staver — V3-3-2 5.0 – 7.0 Wakefield — 690 Thermalloy — 6002, 6003, 6004, 6005, 6052, 6053, 6054, 6176, 6301 IERC — LB Staver— V3-5-2 7.0 – 10.0 Wakefield — 672 Thermalloy — 6001, 6016, 6051, 6105, 6601 IERC — LA, uP Staver — V1-3, V1-5, V3-3, V3-5, V3-7 10.0 – 25.0 Thermalloy — 6-13, 6014, 6015, 6103, 6104, 6105, 6117 20 Thermalloy — 6007 30 Thermalloy — 6010 32 Thermalloy — 6011 34 Thermalloy — 6012 45 IERC — LI 60 Wakefield — 650, 651 Dual In-line Package Staver Co., Inc.: 41-51 N Saxon Ave., Bay Shore, NY 11706 IERC: 135 W Magnolia Blvd., Burbank, CA 91502 Thermalloy: P.O. Box 34829, 2021 W Valley View Ln., Dallas, TX Wakefield Engin Ind: Wakefield, MA 01880 * All values are typical as given by manufacturer or as determined from characteristic curves supplied by manufacturer. 10 R2 680 Q5 R1 12K Q4 Q3 R4 500 Q6 Q7 R5 25K R3 5000 Q8 Note: Pin numbers are for K package. Q2 Q1 Q47 Q28 Q9 C1 10 pF R7 5000 Q11 Q10 R6 30K R18 10K Q12 Q29 Q30 (3) RSET Q13 (2) R0 R11 3900 Q23 Q34 Q33 Q32 R10 1650 Q22 Q37 Q36 Q35 Q19 Q17 Q16 Comp+ (7) Q24 Q21 Q20 Q36 Q38 (9) Comp- Q43 R9 15K R8 5000 Q18 R20 200 Q44 -VS To Case Q46 Q42 Q26 R14 3000 W 200W Q25 R21 1.1 Q41 Q31 8 kW R19 3000 Q40 Q45 R24 20K R23 20K +Vs (5) 65-0198 R15 1.1 W Q27 (4) Gnd Bal (8) -VOUT (1) RF2 RF1 -VOUT (6) RC4194 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Simplified Schematic Diagram 11 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 Mechanical Dimensions 9-Lead Metal Can IC Header Package øD Symbol A Max. Min. Max. A øb øD øD1 e e1 .250 .028 — .470 .190 .093 .340 .034 .620 .500 .210 .107 6.35 .71 — 11.94 4.83 2.36 8.64 .86 15.75 12.70 5.33 2.72 F .050 .360 .142 .958 — — .570 .075 — .152 .962 .350 .145 .590 1.27 9.14 3.61 24.33 — — 14.48 1.91 — 3.86 24.43 8.89 3.68 14.99 øp q r1 r2 S øb S Millimeters Min. øD1 F Inches Notes 1 Notes: 1. All leads—increase maximum limit by .003 (.08mm) when lead finish is applied. øp e1 e r2 r1 q 12 RC4194 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Mechanical Dimensions (continued) 14-Lead Ceramic DIP Package Inches Symbol Min. A b1 b2 c1 D E e eA L Q s1 a Millimeters Max. — .200 .014 .023 .045 .065 .008 .015 — .785 .220 .310 .100 BSC .300 BSC .125 .200 .015 .060 .005 — 90¡ 105¡ Min. Notes: Notes Max. — 5.08 .36 .58 1.14 1.65 .20 .38 — 19.94 5.59 7.87 2.54 BSC 7.62 BSC 3.18 5.08 .38 1.52 .13 — 90¡ 105¡ 1. Index area: a notch or a pin one identification mark shall be located adjacent to pin one. The manufacturer's identification shall not be used as pin one identification mark. 8 2 2. The minimum limit for dimension "b2" may be .023 (.58mm) for leads number 1, 7, 8 and 14 only. 8 4 3. Dimension "Q" shall be measured from the seating plane to the base plane. 4 5, 9 7 4. This dimension allows for off-center lid, meniscus and glass overrun. 3 6 5. The basic pin spacing is .100 (2.54mm) between centerlines. Each pin centerline shall be located within ±.010 (.25mm) of its exact longitudinal position relative to pins 1 and 14. 6. Applies to all four corners (leads number 1, 7, 8, and 14). 7. "eA" shall be measured at the center of the lead bends or at the centerline of the leads when "a" is 90¡. 8. All leads – Increase maximum limit by .003 (.08mm) measured at the center of the flat, when lead finish applied. 9. Twelve spaces. D 7 1 8 14 NOTE 1 E s1 eA e A Q L b2 a c1 b1 13 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 Mechanical Dimensions (continued) 14-Lead Plastic DIP Package Inches Symbol Millimeters Min. Max. Min. Max. A A1 A2 — .015 .115 .210 — .195 — .38 2.93 5.33 — 4.95 B B1 C D D1 E E1 e eB .014 .022 .045 .070 .008 .015 .725 .795 .005 — .300 .325 .240 .280 .100 BSC — .430 .115 .200 14 L N .36 .56 1.14 1.78 .20 .38 18.42 20.19 .13 — 7.62 8.26 6.10 7.11 2.54 BSC — 10.92 2.92 5.08 14 Notes: Notes 1. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982. 2. "D" and "E1" do not include mold flashing. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010 inch (0.25mm). 3. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only. 4. "C" dimension does not include solder finish thickness. 5. Symbol "N" is the maximum number of terminals. 4 2 2 5 D 7 1 8 14 E1 D1 E e A A1 C L B1 14 B eB PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC4194 Ordering Information Product Number Temperature Range Screening Package RC4194N 0° to +70°C Commercial 14 pin Plastic DIP RC4194D 0° to +70°C Commercial 14 pin Ceramic DIP RC4194K 0° to +70°C Commercial 9 pin TO-66 RM4194D -55°C to +125°C Commercial 14 pin Ceramic DIP RM4194D/883B -55°C to +125°C Military 14 pin Ceramic DIP RM4194K -55°C to +125°C Commercial 9 pin TO-66 SMD Number 7705401CA Note: 1. /883B suffix denotes MIL-STD-883, Par. 1.2.1 compliant device. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the user. 2. A critical component in any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. www.fairchildsemi.com 5/20/98 0.0m 001 Stock#DS30004194 Ó 1998 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation