HF81 X Capacitor Bleeder The Future of Analog IC Technology DESCRIPTION HF81 is an innovative two-terminal IC that automatically discharges an X capacitor while eliminating power losses and allowing power supplies to comply with safety standards. The HF81 acts as a smart high-voltage switch when placed in series with discharge resistors (alternatively bleed resistors). In the presence of an AC voltage, the HF81 blocks current flow in the safety discharge resistors to reduce the power loss in these components to zero at 230 VAC. When disconnected from the AC voltage, the HF81 automatically and safely discharges the X capacitor by closing the circuit through the bleed resistors and directing the energy away from the exposed AC plug. Table 1: Component Selection Table PN HF81 X Capacitance ≤500nF 750nF 1μF 1.5μF 2μF 2.5μF 3.5μF 5μF Total Series Resistance 1.5MΩ 1MΩ 780kΩ 480kΩ 360kΩ 300kΩ 200kΩ 150kΩ Notes: 1) The values are calculated at Vin=265Vac Power Saving(1) 66mW 86mW 142mW 191mW 230mW 347mW 464mW FEATURES Disconnect series discharge resistors from L-N when AC voltage is applied Connect series discharge resistors with L-N to discharge the X capacitor when AC voltage is unplugged Supplied by AC voltage directly and doesn’t need external bias Meets safety standards for use before or after input fuse No external ground pin leads to high common mode surge immunity 1000V internal JFET inside leads to high differential surge immunity >4mm creepage on package and PCB APPLICATIONS AC/DC converters with X capacitors larger than 0.1μF All converters requiring ultra-low no-load consumption and low standby power Appliances requiring EuP Lot 6 compliance Appliances requiring Energy Star V2.0 White Goods (For example, Dishwasher, Washing Machine, Air-Conditioner and etc.) Server Power, Telecom Power, ATX Power All MPS parts are lead-free and adhere to the RoHS directive. For MPS green status, please visit MPS website under Quality Assurance. “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are Registered Trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. TYPICAL APPLICATION HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 1 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number* HF81GS Package SOIC8 Top Marking HF81 * For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (e.g. HF81GS–Z); PACKAGE REFERENCE TOP VIEW NC 1 8 NC L1 2 7 L2 L1 3 6 L2 NC 4 5 NC ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (2) Thermal Resistance L1-L2 Pin Voltage .................................... 1000V Storage Temperature ................. -65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature ....................................260°C (3) Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +25°C) ………………………………………………...1.4W (4) Single Avalanche Energy ....................... 70μJ (4) Avalanche Current ................................. 80mA Junction Temperature ...............................150°C SOIC8 ..................................... 90 ...... 45... °C/W Recommended Operating Conditions (5) Operating Junction Temp. (TJ). -40°C to +125°C HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 (6) θJA θJC Notes: 2) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 3) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature TJ (MAX), the junction-toambient thermal resistance θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated by PD (MAX) = (TJ (MAX)-TA)/θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. 4) L=5mH, Vgs=10V, VDD=1.4V 5) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 6) Measured on JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 2 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter AC Removal Detection Time Saturation Current(7) Supply Current UVLO Symbol Condition tDETECT Line Cycle Frequency 47 to 63Hz ISC ISUPPLY V_OFF_L1/L2 L1-L2 voltage from 110V to 410V L1-L2 voltage 1000V Min Typ Max 25 ms 3.0 15 3.7 Units mA μA V Notes: 7) Saturation current specifications guarantee natural discharge characteristic at all input voltage with the external resistor and capacitor specified in Table 1. HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 3 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Leakage Current_1000V vs. Temperature Chart Detection Time vs. Temperature Chart 1000V on L1-L2 L2 connects GND, voltage on L1 is from -20V to 90V 35 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 D ETECTIO N T IM E(mS ) 20 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110130 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 4 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER PIN FUNCTIONS Package Pin # Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NC L1 L1 NC NC L2 L2 NC HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 Description Not Connected AC Line 1 AC Line 1 Not Connected Not Connected AC Line 2 AC Line 2 Not Connected www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 5 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER OPERATION A smart bleeder normally works as an off device: It consumes very little current, it always monitors the AC line for zero crossings; whenever it detects a zero crossing it dischargers the timer capacitor and resets the latch circuit. Whenever a prolonged period occurs without a zero crossing (meaning the power supply unit [PSU] was unplugged from the utility line), the timer block times out and triggers the latch circuit. The latch circuit turns on the discharging transistors, as shown by the timing diagram in Figure 1. The internal transistor enables the bleed resistors, and stops when either the voltage across the HF81 drops below 10V or the PSU is plugged back into the utility line. This operation allows for more X capacitor choices and reduces the inductor cost. Carefully select a metal oxide varistor (MOV) and fuse to meet safety requirements: The MOV suppresses voltage transients. During normal operation, a MOV with high impedance permits only a small current. When a voltage surge occurs, the MOV resistance reduces to a few Ωs, which allows the large surge current to flow through while protecting other devices in parallel to it. There are several parameters for selecting a MOV, including maximum-allowable voltage, maximum clamping voltage, and the MOV max endured energy. The maximum-allowable voltage must exceed the maximum working voltage by 10%, 20% or the circuit needs an even higher derating, which is determined by the power source stability. After selecting a MOV, verify it using V1mA, which is the voltage across the MOV the current is 1mA. Simplified, this is: V1mA 1.5Vpeak 2.2VAC Zero Crossing Detection Timing VXCap 100V/div 22ms Figure 1: Zero-Crossing Detection Timing COMPONENT SELECTION According to international safety requirements, the X capacitor voltage must drop to 37% within 1s. Based on a 5% tolerance for the discharge resistor and a 20% tolerance for the X capacitor, select an RC time constant of 0.75s. Table 1 provides sample values for the X capacitor and the discharge resistance. (1) Where Vpeak is the peak working voltage and VAC is the rms working voltage. Also, please make sure the breakdown voltage of other components on the AC side fall below the maximum allowable voltage. Base MOV size selection on MOV withstanding transient energy. Calculate the energy using formula 2. W K VClamp IPeak t （2） Where K is a constant 1.0 for rectangular waveform and 1.4 for 8/20µs and 10/1000µs waveform, VClamp is the maximum clamping voltage, and IPeak is the peak applied current. Make sure that the calculated energy is lower than the rated energy on the MOV datasheet. Select the fuse based on MOV specification. Generally, select the fuse based on MOV diameter as per Table 2. HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 6 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER Table 2: Fuse Selection Table MOV Dimension (mm) Ø5 Ø7 Ø10 Fuse (A) 1-2 2-3 3-5 Ø20 5-15 Common Choke Fuse R1 MOV Position 2 MOV Position 1 AC OR X Cap 1 R2 Ø14 3-10 X CAP BLEEDER X Cap 2 Differential Inductor EMI Inductive Components Figure 2: HF81 Position Selection HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 7 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER HF81 Position Selection Figure 2 shows a typical front-end configuration of offline products. The configuration influences the position selection for the HF81. Large currents flow through the MOV whenever a voltage surge occurs, which can cause significant voltage drops across inductive EMI components and traces. Place the HF81 as close as possible to the MOV. 1. For MOV in position 1, place the HF81 directly underneath the X cap. 2. For MOV in position 2, place the HF81 on the same side and physically close to MOV. If the HF81 cannot be placed at the same side as the MOV, make sure the surge level no higher than 1.5kV. 3. For surge levels higher than 1.5kV, place the HF81 and MOV on the same side as the inductive EMI components. X capacitor can be placed before the input fuse. In this case, if the value of the X capacitor exceeds 0.1μF; to meet safety requirements, place the HF81 in front of the input fuse. Also, place the MOV before the input fuse if surge voltage is >1.5kV. PCB Layout and Discharge Resistor Selection Figure 3 shows the typical PCB layout of the HF81. The discharge resistors are divided into two separate surface mount resistors. Resistors R1 and R2 need to be rated for 50% power dissipation and voltage rating in order to dissipate loss and withstand the input voltage under a short between the L1 and L2 terminals of the HF81. If the application needs lower power rating or voltage rating discharge resistor, the discharge resistor can be divided more discrete resistors though the total external resistance must be equal to the values specified in Table 1. Safety Consideration To satisfy safety requirements, the HF81 has double pins for each terminal for design redundancy. During a single point failure test, if one pin is physically disconnected to the part or PCB, the HF81 continues to function normally. If one pin of part shorts to another at an opposite terminal, the HF81 shorts and is equivalent to a system without the HF81, which is also safe. Table 3 summaries the results of single-point failure testing. Under open or short conditions, the HF81 has a null effect on power systems compared to systems without the HF81. X Cap MOV Figure 3: Typical PCB Layout HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 8 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER Test Table 3: Single Point of Failure Test Test with HF81 Test without HF81 Comments Open one pin of HF81 has no influence of discharge function as two pins at each side for redundancy design. Open One Pin Disconnect any pin of HF81 to see it can affect the system Short two Short Two pins Short any two pins of HF81to see if it can affect the system HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 pins at different side leads to the circuit equivalent to a system without HF81. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 9 HF81 – X CAPACITOR BLEEDER PACKAGE INFORMATION SOIC8 0.189(4.80) 0.197(5.00) 8 0.050(1.27) 0.024(0.61) 5 0.063(1.60) 0.150(3.80) 0.157(4.00) PIN 1 ID 1 0.228(5.80) 0.244(6.20) 0.213(5.40) 4 TOP VIEW RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN 0.053(1.35) 0.069(1.75) SEATING PLANE 0.004(0.10) 0.010(0.25) 0.013(0.33) 0.020(0.51) 0.0075(0.19) 0.0098(0.25) SEE DETAIL "A" 0.050(1.27) BSC SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW 0.010(0.25) x 45o 0.020(0.50) GAUGE PLANE 0.010(0.25) BSC 0o-8o 0.016(0.41) 0.050(1.27) DETAIL "A" HF81 Rev. 1.12 11/15/2012 NOTE: 1) CONTROL DIMENSION IS IN INCHES. DIMENSION IN BRACKET IS IN MILLIMETERS. 2) PACKAGE LENGTH DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. 3) PACKAGE WIDTH DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. 4) LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.004" INCHES MAX. 5) DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MS-012, VARIATION AA. 6) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 10