ETC LM324/D

LM324, LM324A, LM224,
LM2902, LM2902V
Quad Differential Input,
Low Power
Operational Amplifiers
The LM324 series are low–cost, quad operational amplifiers with
true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over
standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The
quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as
high as 32 V with quiescent currents about one–fifth of those
associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common
mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the
necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The
output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage.
• Short Circuited Protected Outputs
• True Differential Input Stage
• Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V (LM224, LM324, LM324A)
• Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A)
• Four Amplifiers Per Package
• Internally Compensated
• Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply
• Industry Standard Pinouts
• ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting
Device Operation
Rating
Power Supply Voltages
Single Supply
Split Supplies
Symbol
PDIP–14
N SUFFIX
CASE 646
14
1
SO–14
D SUFFIX
CASE 751A
14
1
PIN CONNECTIONS
Out 1
Inputs 1
VCC
Inputs 2
Out 2
MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224
LM324,
LM324A
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1
14
2
13
3
1
4
12
4
11
5
10
6
2
3
9
8
7
Out 4
Inputs 4
VEE, Gnd
Inputs 3
Out 3
(Top View)
LM2902,
LM2902V
Unit
Vdc
VCC
VCC, VEE
32
±16
26
±13
Input Differential
Voltage Range
(Note 1.)
VIDR
±32
±26
Input Common Mode
Voltage Range
VICR
Output Short Circuit
Duration
tSC
Continuous
Junction Temperature
TJ
150
°C
Storage Temperature
Range
Tstg
–65 to +150
°C
Operating Ambient
Temperature Range
LM224
LM324, 324A
LM2902
LM2902V
TA
Vdc
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 9 of this data sheet.
DEVICE MARKING INFORMATION
See general marking information in the device marking
section on page 10 of this data sheet.
–0.3 to 32
–0.3 to 26
Vdc
°C
–25 to +85
0 to +70
–40 to +105
–40 to +125
1. Split Power Supplies.
 Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001
March, 2001 – Rev. 4
1
Publication Order Number:
LM324/D
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224
Characteristics
Symbol
Input Offset Voltage
VCC = 5.0 V to 30 V
(26 V for LM2902, V),
VICR = 0 V to
VCC –1.7 V,
VO = 1.4 V, RS = 0 Ω
VIO
Min
Typ
LM324A
Max
Min
Typ
LM324
Max
Min
Typ
LM2902
Max
Min
Typ
LM2902V
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
mV
TA = 25°C
–
2.0
5.0
–
2.0
3.0
–
2.0
7.0
–
2.0
7.0
–
2.0
7.0
TA = Thigh (Note 2.)
–
–
7.0
–
–
5.0
–
–
9.0
–
–
10
–
–
13
TA = Tlow (Note 2.)
–
–
7.0
–
–
5.0
–
–
9.0
–
–
10
–
–
10
∆VIO/∆T
–
7.0
–
–
7.0
30
–
7.0
–
–
7.0
–
–
7.0
–
µV/°C
Input Offset Current
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2.)
IIO
–
–
3.0
–
30
100
–
–
5.0
–
30
75
–
–
5.0
–
50
150
–
–
5.0
–
50
200
–
–
5.0
–
50
200
nA
Average Temperature
Coefficient of Input
Offset Current
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Notes 2. and 4.)
∆IIO/∆T
–
10
–
–
10
300
–
10
–
–
10
–
–
10
–
pA/°C
IIB
–
–
–90
–
–150
–300
–
–
–45
–
–100
–200
–
–
–90
–
–250
–500
–
–
–90
–
–250
–500
–
–
–90
–
–250
–500
nA
Average Temperature
Coefficient of Input
Offset Voltage
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Notes 2. and 4.)
Input Bias Current
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2.)
Input Common Mode
Voltage Range
(Note 3.)
VCC = 30 V
(26 V for LM2902, V)
VICR
VCC = 30 V
(26 V for LM2902, V),
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2.)
Differential Input
Voltage Range
VIDR
Large Signal Open
Loop Voltage Gain
RL = 2.0 kΩ,
VCC = 15 V,
for Large VO Swing
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2.)
AVOL
V
0
–
28.3
0
–
28.3
0
–
28.3
0
–
24.3
0
–
24.3
0
–
28
0
–
28
0
–
28
0
–
24
0
–
24
–
–
VCC
–
–
VCC
–
–
VCC
–
–
VCC
–
–
VCC
V
V/mV
50
25
100
–
–
–
25
15
100
–
–
–
25
15
100
–
–
–
25
15
100
–
–
–
25
15
100
–
–
–
CS
–
–120
–
–
–120
–
–
–120
–
–
–120
–
–
–120
–
dB
Common Mode
Rejection,
RS ≤ 10 kΩ
CMR
70
85
–
65
70
–
65
70
–
50
70
–
50
70
–
dB
Power Supply
Rejection
PSR
65
100
–
65
100
–
65
100
–
50
100
–
50
100
–
dB
Channel Separation
10 kHz ≤ f ≤ 20 kHz,
Input Referenced
2. LM224: Tlow = –25°C, Thigh = +85°C
LM324/LM324A: Tlow = 0°C, Thigh = +70°C
LM2902: Tlow = –40°C, Thigh = +105°C
LM2902V: Tlow = –40°C, Thigh = +125°C
3. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of
the common mode voltage range is VCC –1.7 V.
4. Guaranteed by design.
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2
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224
Characteristics
Output Voltage–
High Limit
(TA = Thigh to Tlow)
(Note 5.)
VCC = 5.0 V, RL =
2.0 kΩ, TA = 25°C
Symbol
Min
Typ
LM324A
Max
Min
Typ
LM324
Max
Min
Typ
LM2902
Max
Min
Typ
LM2902V
Max
Min
Typ
Max
VOH
V
3.3
3.5
–
3.3
3.5
–
3.3
3.5
–
3.3
3.5
–
3.3
3.5
–
VCC = 30 V
(26 V for LM2902, V),
RL = 2.0 kΩ
26
–
–
26
–
–
26
–
–
22
–
–
22
–
–
VCC = 30 V
(26 V for LM2902, V),
RL = 10 kΩ
27
28
–
27
28
–
27
28
–
23
24
–
23
24
–
–
5.0
20
–
5.0
20
–
5.0
20
–
5.0
100
–
5.0
100
Output Voltage –
Low Limit,
VCC = 5.0 V,
RL = 10 kΩ,
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 5.)
VOL
Output Source Current
(VID = +1.0 V,
VCC = 15 V)
TA = 25°C
IO +
Unit
mV
mA
20
40
–
20
40
–
20
40
–
20
40
–
20
40
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
10
20
–
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 5.)
5.0
8.0
–
5.0
8.0
–
5.0
8.0
–
5.0
8.0
–
5.0
8.0
–
(VID = –1.0 V,
VO = 200 mV,
TA = 25°C)
12
50
–
12
50
–
12
50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
µA
–
40
60
–
40
60
–
40
60
–
40
60
–
40
60
mA
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 5.)
Output Sink Current
(VID = –1.0 V,
VCC = 15 V)
TA = 25°C
IO –
Output Short Circuit
to Ground
(Note 6.)
ISC
Power Supply Current
(TA = Thigh to Tlow)
(Note 5.)
VCC = 30 V
(26 V for LM2902, V),
VO = 0 V, RL = ∞
ICC
VCC = 5.0 V,
VO = 0 V, RL = ∞
mA
mA
–
–
3.0
–
1.4
3.0
–
–
3.0
–
–
3.0
–
–
3.0
–
–
1.2
–
0.7
1.2
–
–
1.2
–
–
1.2
–
–
1.2
5. LM224: Tlow = –25°C, Thigh = +85°C
LM324/LM324A: Tlow = 0°C, Thigh = +70°C
LM2902: Tlow = –40°C, Thigh = +105°C
LM2902V: Tlow = –40°C, Thigh = +125°C
6. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of
the common mode voltage range is VCC –1.7 V.
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3
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
Output
Bias Circuitry
Common to Four
Amplifiers
VCC
Q15
Q16
Q22
Q14
Q13
40 k
Q19
5.0 pF
Q12
Q24
25
Q23
+
Q20
Q18
Inputs
-
Q21
Q17
Q2
Q5
Q3
Q4
Q11
Q9
Q6
Q26
Q25
Q7
Q10
Q8
Q1
2.4 k
2.0 k
VEE/Gnd
Figure 1. Representative Circuit Diagram
(One–Fourth of Circuit Shown)
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4
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The LM324 series is made using four internally
compensated, two–stage operational amplifiers. The first
stage of each consists of differential input devices Q20 and
Q18 with input buffer transistors Q21 and Q17 and the
differential to single ended converter Q3 and Q4. The first
stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also
performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction
functions. By reducing the transconductance, a smaller
compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pF) can be employed, thus
saving chip area. The transconductance reduction is
accomplished by splitting the collectors of Q20 and Q18.
Another feature of this input stage is that the input common
mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in
single supply operation, without saturating either the input
devices or the differential to single–ended converter. The
second stage consists of a standard current source load
amplifier stage.
3.0 V to VCC(max)
1.0 V/DIV
VCC = 15 Vdc
RL = 2.0 kΩ
TA = 25°C
5.0 µs/DIV
Figure 2. Large Signal Voltage Follower Response
Each amplifier is biased from an internal–voltage
regulator which has a low temperature coefficient thus
giving each amplifier good temperature characteristics as
well as excellent power supply rejection.
VCC
VCC
1
1
1.5 V to VCC(max)
2
2
3
3
4
4
1.5 V to VEE(max)
VEE
VEE/Gnd
Single Supply
Split Supplies
Figure 3.
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5
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
20
120
A VOL, LARGE-SIGNAL
OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
± V , INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
I
18
16
14
12
10
Negative
8.0
Positive
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10
12
14
16
18
80
60
40
20
0
-20
20
1.0
10
100
1.0 k
10 k
100 k
± VCC/VEE, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES (V)
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 4. Input Voltage Range
Figure 5. Open Loop Frequency
14
1.0 M
550
RL = 2.0 kΩ
VCC = 15 V
VEE = Gnd
Gain = -100
RI = 1.0 kΩ
RF = 100 kΩ
12
10
8.0
VO , OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
VOR , OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (Vpp )
VCC = 15 V
VEE = Gnd
TA = 25°C
100
6.0
4.0
2.0
500
Input
450
Output
400
350
300
250
VCC = 30 V
VEE = Gnd
TA = 25°C
CL = 50 pF
200
0
1.0
10
100
0
1000
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
f, FREQUENCY (kHz)
t, TIME (µs)
Figure 6. Large–Signal Frequency Response
Figure 7. Small–Signal Voltage Follower
Pulse Response (Noninverting)
8.0
TA = 25°C
RL = 2.1
1.8
I IB , INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
I CC , POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
2.4
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
0
0
5.0
10
15
20
25
VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
30
90
80
70
35
0
Figure 8. Power Supply Current versus
Power Supply Voltage
2.0
4.0
6.0 8.0
10
12
14 16
VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 9. Input Bias Current versus
Power Supply Voltage
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6
18
20
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
50 k
R1
VCC
R2
MC1403
5.0 k
VCC
-
2.5 V
10 k
Vref
1/4
Vref =
R
R1
R2
a R1
e2
Vref
1/4
eo
VOH
R1
+
VO
1/4
LM324
-
Vin
1
CR
LM324
+
VinH =
R
-
100 k
C
C
R
1/4
LM324
+
-
100 k
1/4
-
LM324
+
Vref
R1
VinH
Vref
Figure 13. Comparator with Hysteresis
R
R2
VinL
R1
(VOH - VOL)
R1 + R2
R
R2
VOL
R1
(VOH - Vref) + Vref
R1 + R2
H=
Figure 12. High Impedance Differential Amplifier
C1
VO
R1
(VOL - Vref) + Vref
VinL =
R1 + R2
eo = C (1 + a + b) (e2 - e1)
Vin
For: fo = 1.0 kHz
R = 16 kΩ
C = 0.01 µF
Hysteresis
LM324
+
1/4
C
R
-
b R1
C
R
Figure 11. Wien Bridge Oscillator
LM324
R1
1
fo = 2 π RC
R2
1
CR
1/4
VO
1
V
2 CC
Figure 10. Voltage Reference
+
VCC
1/4
LM324
+
VO
LM324
+
VO = 2.5 V 1 +
e1
-
LM324
+
Vref
Bandpass
Output
R3
-
Vref
Vref =
1
V
2 CC
R3 = TN R2
C1 = 10C
For:fo=1.0 kHz
For:Q= 10
For:TBP= 1
For:TN= 1
Notch Output
Where:TBP=Center Frequency Gain
Where:TN=Passband Notch Gain
Figure 14. Bi–Quad Filter
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Vref
R1 = QR
R1
R2 =
TBP
C1
1/4
LM324
+
7
1/4
1
fo = 2 π RC
R
C
R1
R2
R3
= 160 kΩ
= 0.001 µF
= 1.6 MΩ
= 1.6 MΩ
= 1.6 MΩ
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
Vref =
Vref
1
V
2 CC
Triangle Wave
Output
+
R2
300 k
R3
1/4
LM324
-
+
75 k
VCC
1/4
LM324
-
R1
100 k
Vref
C
Square
Wave
Output
Vin
R1
R1 + RC
4 CRf R1
C
R3
-
if R3 =
Vref
R2 R1
R2 + R1
Figure 15. Function Generator
CO
1/4
VO
LM324
+
R2
Rf
f =
C
CO = 10 C
1
Vref = 2 VCC
Figure 16. Multiple Feedback Bandpass Filter
Given:fo=center frequency
A(fo)=gain at center frequency
Choose value fo, C
Then:
R3 =
Q
π fo C
R1 =
R3
2 A(fo)
R2 =
R1 R3
4Q2 R1 - R3
For less than 10% error from operational amplifier,
Qo fo
BW
where fo and BW are expressed in Hz.
If source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with
voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters.
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8
< 0.1
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
LM224D
LM224DR2
Package
Operating Temperature Range
SO–14
Shipping
55 Units/Rail
SO–14
–25°
5 to
o +85°C
85 C
2500 Tape & Reel
LM224N
PDIP–14
LM324D
SO–14
55 Units/Rail
LM324DR2
SO–14
2500 Tape & Reel
LM324N
LM324AD
LM324ADR2
25 Units/Rail
PDIP–14
0° to +70°C
SO–14
25 Units/Rail
55 Units/Rail
SO–14
2500 Tape & Reel
LM324AN
PDIP–14
25 Units/Rail
LM2902D
SO–14
LM2902DR2
SO–14
LM2902N
PDIP–14
LM2902VD
SO–14
LM2902VDR2
SO–14
LM2902VN
55 Units/Rail
–40°
0 to
o +105°C
05 C
2500 Tape & Reel
25 Units/Rail
55 Units/Rail
–40°
0 to
o +125°C
5C
PDIP–14
2500 Tape & Reel
25 Units/Rail
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9
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
MARKING DIAGRAMS
PDIP–14
N SUFFIX
CASE 646
14
14
14
LM324AN
AWLYYWW
1
14
LMx24N
AWLYYWW
LM2902N
AWLYYWW
1
LM2902VN
AWLYYWW
1
1
SO–14
D SUFFIX
CASE 751A
14
14
LM324AD
AWLYWW
1
14
LMx24D
AWLYWW
14
LM2902D
AWLYWW
1
1
x
A
WL
YY, Y
WW
= 2 or 3
= Assembly Location
= Wafer Lot
= Year
= Work Week
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10
LM2902VD
AWLYWW
1
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
PDIP–14
N SUFFIX
CASE 646–06
ISSUE M
14
8
1
7
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.
B
A
F
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
L
N
C
–T–
SEATING
PLANE
J
K
H
D 14 PL
G
M
0.13 (0.005)
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.715
0.770
0.240
0.260
0.145
0.185
0.015
0.021
0.040
0.070
0.100 BSC
0.052
0.095
0.008
0.015
0.115
0.135
0.290
0.310
--10
0.015
0.039
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
18.16
18.80
6.10
6.60
3.69
4.69
0.38
0.53
1.02
1.78
2.54 BSC
1.32
2.41
0.20
0.38
2.92
3.43
7.37
7.87
--10
0.38
1.01
M
SO–14
D SUFFIX
CASE 751A–03
ISSUE F
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
–A–
14
8
–B–
1
P 7 PL
0.25 (0.010)
7
G
B
M
M
F
R X 45 C
–T–
SEATING
PLANE
D 14 PL
0.25 (0.010)
M
K
M
T B
S
A
S
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11
J
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
J
K
M
P
R
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
8.55
8.75
3.80
4.00
1.35
1.75
0.35
0.49
0.40
1.25
1.27 BSC
0.19
0.25
0.10
0.25
0
7
5.80
6.20
0.25
0.50
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.337
0.344
0.150
0.157
0.054
0.068
0.014
0.019
0.016
0.049
0.050 BSC
0.008
0.009
0.004
0.009
0
7
0.228
0.244
0.010
0.019
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
ON Semiconductor and
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