19-5309; Rev 0; 6/10 TION KIT EVALUA BLE IL AVA A Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs The MAX19527 is an octal, 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), optimized for the low-power and high-dynamic performance requirements of medical imaging instrumentation and digital communications applications. The device operates from a single 1.8V supply and consumes 440mW (55mW per channel), while providing a 69dBFS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a 5.3MHz input frequency. In addition to low operating power, the device features programmable power management for idle states and reduced-channel operation. An internal 1.25V precision bandgap reference sets the full-scale range of the ADC to 1.5VP-P. A flexible reference structure allows the use of an external reference for applications requiring greater gain accuracy or a different input voltage range. A programmable commonmode voltage reference output is provided to enable DC-coupled input applications. Various adjustments and feature selections are available through programmable registers that are accessed through the 3-wire serial peripheral interface (SPIK). A flexible clock input circuit allows for a single-ended, logic-level clock or a differential clock signal. An on-chip PLL generates the multiplied (6x) clock required for the serial LVDS digital outputs. The serial LVDS output provides programmable test patterns for data timing alignment and output drivers with programmable current drive and programmable internal termination. Features S Ultra-Low-Power Operation 55mW per Channel at 50Msps S Single 1.8V Power Supply S Excellent Dynamic Performance 69dBFS SNR at 5.3MHz 140dBc/Hz Near-Carrier SNR at 1kHz Offset from a 5.3MHz Tone 84dBc SFDR at 5.3MHz 90dB Channel Isolation at 5.3MHz S User-Programmable Adjustment and Feature Selection through an SPI Interface S Serial LVDS Outputs with Programmable Current Drive and Internal Termination S Programmable Power Management S Internal or External Reference Operation S Single-Ended or Differential Clock Input S Programmable Output Data Format S Built-In Output Data Test Patterns S Small, 10mm x 10mm, 144-Lead CTBGA Package S Evaluation Kit Available (Order MAX19527EVKIT+) The device is available in a small, 10mm x 10mm x 1.2mm, 144-lead thin chip ball grid array (CTBGA) package and is specified for the extended industrial (-40NC to +85NC) temperature range. Ordering Information Applications Ultrasound and Medical Imaging Instrumentation Multichannel Communications PART MAX19527EXE+ TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE -40NC to +85NC 144 CTBGA +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. ZIF GSM and TD-SCDMA Transceivers SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX19527 General Description MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS AVDD, OVDD to GND.......................................... -0.3V to +2.1V OGND to GND.......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V IN_+, IN_-, CMOUT, REFIO, REFH, REFL, CLKIN+, CLKIN- to GND...............-0.3V to the lower of (VAVDD + 0.3V) and +2.1V OUT_+, OUT_-, FRAME+, FRAME-, CLKOUT+, CLKOUT-, SHDN, CS, SCLK, SDIO to GND..............-0.3V to the lower of (VOVDD + 0.3V) and +2.1V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) 144-Lead CTBGA (derate 37mW/NC above +70NC) Multilayer Board ....................................................... 2963mW Operating Temperature Range . ........................ -40NC to +85NC Junction Temperature .....................................................+150NC Storage Temperature Range ........................... -65NC to +150NC Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300NC Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VAVDD = 1.8V, VOVDD = 1.8V, internal reference, AIN = -0.5dBFS, differential clock, VCLKD = 1.5VP-P, fCLK = 50MHz, programmable registers at default settings (Table 1), TA = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS DC ACCURACY Resolution 12 Bits Integral Nonlinearity INL fIN = 5.3MHz Q0.5 Q1.7 LSB Differential Nonlinearity DNL fIN = 5.3MHz, no missing codes Q0.3 Q1.0 LSB Offset Error OE Internal reference Q0.07 Q0.7 %FS Gain Error GE External reference = 1.25V Q0.2 Q3.0 %FS ANALOG INPUTS (IN_+, IN_-) (Figure 2) Input Differential Range VDIFF IN_+ - IN_- Common-Mode Input Voltage Range VCM Input Resistance RIN Input Current IIN Input Capacitance 1.5 VP-P Q50mV tolerance 1050 mV Fixed resistance to GND > 100 Differential input resistance, common mode connected to inputs 4 Switched capacitance input current, each input, VCM = 1.050V 36 CINS Fixed capacitance to GND, each input CIND Fixed differential capacitance kI FA 1 0.2 CSAMPLE Switched capacitance, each input pF 1.5 CONVERSION RATE Maximum Clock Frequency fCLK Minimum Clock Frequency fCLK Data Latency 2 50 MHz 25 Figure 5 8.5 MHz Clock Cycles Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs (VAVDD = 1.8V, VOVDD = 1.8V, internal reference, AIN = -0.5dBFS, differential clock, VCLKD = 1.5VP-P, fCLK = 50MHz, programmable registers at default settings (Table 1), TA = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Small-Signal Noise Floor Near-Carrier Signal-to-Noise Ratio SSNF NCSNR Analog input < -35dBFS, fIN = 5.3MHz -69.5 1kHz offset from 5.3MHz full-scale tone, CREFIO = CREFH/REFL = 0.1FF (Figure 3) 140 8-channel coherent sum Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio SINAD Spurious-Free Dynamic Range SFDR Total Harmonic Distortion THD Intermodulation Distortion Full-Power Bandwidth fIN = 5.3MHz at -0.5dBFS 68.5 dB 68.5 66.6 fIN = 19.3MHz at -0.5dBFS fIN = 5.3MHz at -0.5dBFS dBc/Hz 147 67.0 fIN = 19.3MHz at -0.5dBFS fIN = 5.3MHz at -0.5dBFS dBFS 68.2 dB 68.2 70.0 84 dBc fIN = 19.3MHz at -0.5dBFS 84 fIN = 5.3MHz at -0.5dBFS -81 fIN = 19.3MHz at -0.5dBFS -81 IMD fIN1 = 5.15MHz at -6.5dBFS, fIN2 = 5.45MHz at -6.5dBFS -83 dB FPBW RSOURCE = 50I differential > 500 MHz <1 Clock Cycles 6dB beyond full scale (recover accuracy to < 1% of full scale) Overdrive Recovery Time -72 dBc INTERCHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS Crosstalk fIN = 5.3MHz at -0.5dBFS -90 dB Gain Matching fIN = 5.3MHz Q0.1 dB Phase Matching fIN = 5.3MHz Q0.25 Degrees ANALOG OUTPUT (CMOUT) CMOUT Output Voltage VCMOUT Default programming state 1.05 Bypass only, no DC load 1.22 1.10 1.15 1.25 1.28 V INTERNAL REFERENCE REFIO Output Voltage VREFIO REFIO Temperature Coefficient TCREF REFH Voltage VREFH REFL Voltage VREFL REFIO Input Voltage Range VREFIN +5%/-15% tolerance REFIO Input Resistance RREFIN V < Q60 ppm/NC Bypass only, no DC load 1.61 V Bypass only, no DC load 0.86 V EXTERNAL REFERENCE 1.25 V 10 Q 20% kI 3 MAX19527 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VAVDD = 1.8V, VOVDD = 1.8V, internal reference, AIN = -0.5dBFS, differential clock, VCLKD = 1.5VP-P, fCLK = 50MHz, programmable registers at default settings (Table 1), TA = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS CLOCK INPUTS (CLKIN+, CLKIN-)—DIFFERENTIAL MODE (Figure 4) Differential Clock Input Voltage Common-Mode Voltage Input Resistance Input Capacitance VCLKD VCLKCM RCLK CCLK 0.4 to 2.0 Self-biased VP-P 1.2 DC-coupled clock signal V 1.0 to 1.4 Differential, default setting 10 Differential, programmable internal termination selected 0.1 Common mode to GND 9 Capacitance to GND, each input 3 kI pF CLOCK INPUTS (CLKIN+, CLKIN-)—SINGLE-ENDED MODE (CLKIN- < 0.1V) (Figure 4) Single-Ended Mode Selection Threshold (CLKIN-) VIL Single-Ended Clock Input High Threshold (CLKIN+) VIH Single-Ended Clock Input Low Threshold (CLKIN+) VIL Input Leakage (CLKIN+) Input Leakage (CLKIN-) 0.1 1.5 VIH = 1.8V IIL VIH = 0V -5 +5 IIL VIH = 0V -150 Input Capacitance (CLKIN+) Input Leakage Input Capacitance -50 3 DIGITAL INPUTS (SHDN, SCLK, SDIN, CS) Input High Threshold VIH Input Low Threshold V 0.3 IIH IIL VIL = 0V +5 -5 CDIN FA FA V 0.3 VIH = 1.8V V pF 1.5 VIL IIH V 3 V FA pF DIGITAL OUTPUTS (SDIO) Output Voltage Low VOL ISINK = 200FA Output Voltage High VOH ISOURCE = 200FA 0.2 OVDD 0.2 V V LVDS DIGITAL OUTPUTS (OUT_+/OUT_-, CLKOUT+/CLKOUT-, FRAME+/FRAME-) Differential Output Voltage |VOD| External RLOAD = 100I 250 450 mV Output Offset Voltage VOS External RLOAD = 100I 1.125 1.375 V POWER-MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS (Figure 3) Wake-Up Time from Sleep Mode tSWAKE Internal reference, CREFIO = 0.1FF, CREFH/REFL = 0.1FF; Q1% gain error, with respect to steady-state gain 10 ms Wake-Up Time from Nap Mode tNWAKE Internal reference, CREFIO = 0.1FF, CREFH/REFL = 0.1FF; Q1% gain error, with respect to steady-state gain 2 Fs 4 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs (VAVDD = 1.8V, VOVDD = 1.8V, internal reference, AIN = -0.5dBFS, differential clock, VCLKD = 1.5VP-P, fCLK = 50MHz, programmable registers at default settings (Table 1), TA = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI) TIMING (Figure 9, Note 2) SCLK Period tSCLK 50 ns SCLK to CS Setup Time tCSS 10 ns SCLK to CS Hold Time SDIO to SCLK Setup Time tCSH 10 ns tSDS Serial-data write 10 ns SDIO to SCLK Hold Time tSDH Serial-data write 0 SCLK to SDIO Output Data Delay tSDD Serial-data read ns 10 ns TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Figures 6 and 7, Note 2) Data Valid to CLKOUT Rise/Fall tOD tSAMPLE/ tSAMPLE/ tSAMPLE/ 24 - 0.10 24 + 0.05 24 + 0.20 ns CLKOUT Output-Width High tCH tSAMPLE/12 ns CLKOUT Output-Width Low tCL tSAMPLE/12 ns FRAME Rise to CLKOUT Rise tDF tSAMPLE/ tSAMPLE/ tSAMPLE/ 24 - 0.10 24 + 0.05 24 + 0.20 ns Sample CLK Rise to Frame Rise tSF tSAMPLE/ tSAMPLE/ tSAMPLE/ 2 + 1.6 2 + 2.3 2 + 3.3 ns POWER REQUIREMENTS Analog Supply Voltage VAVDD 1.7 1.8 1.9 V Digital Output Supply Voltage VOVDD 1.7 1.8 1.9 V 8 channels active 158 180 Incremental channel power-down -18 Nap mode 13 15 0.35 0.5 Analog Supply Current IAVDD Sleep mode 8 channels active, external RLOAD = 100I Digital Output Supply Current IOVDD Incremental channel power-down Nap mode Sleep mode Total Power Dissipation PTD mA 87 -7.4 28 mA < 0.1 8 channels active 440 Incremental channel power-down -46 Nap mode 74 Sleep mode 0.8 mW Note 1: Specifications are 100% production tested at TA R +25NC. Specifications for TA < +25NC are guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 2: Specifications guaranteed by design and characterization. 5 MAX19527 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (VAVDD = 1.8V, VOVDD = 1.8V, internal reference, AIN = -0.5dBFS, differential clock, VCLKD = 1.5VP-P, fCLK = 50MHz, programmable registers at default settings (Table 1), TA = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted. Specifications are 100% production tested at TA R +25NC. Specifications for TA < +25NC are guaranteed by design and characterization.) -50 -60 -70 -40 -50 -60 -70 -30 -40 -50 -60 -80 -90 -90 -100 -100 -100 -110 -110 -110 10 15 20 25 0 10 15 20 0 25 5 10 15 20 FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz) TWO-TONE INTERMODULATION DISTORTION 5.3MHz INPUT FFT PLOT 8-CHANNEL COHERENT SUM INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY vs. DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 5 10 15 20 MAX19527 toc06 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 5 10 15 20 25 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY vs. DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE vs. INPUT FREQUENCY DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE vs. ANALOG INPUT POWER 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 85 80 -THD 75 SNR 70 65 -1.0 60 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE 80 70 SFDR -THD 60 50 40 SNR SINAD 30 20 SINAD -0.8 90 MAX19527 toc09 SFDR DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (dB) 0.6 90 MAX195027 toc08 0.8 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (dB) MAX19527 toc07 1.0 25 -0.4 0 25 1.0 INL (LSB) -30 fIN = 5.301324MHz AIN = -0.50dBFS SNR = 77.20dB SINAD = 76.84dB THD = -87.80dBc SFDR = 89.31dB -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 MAX19527 toc05 -20 0 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) fIN1 = 5.154828MHz fIN2 = 5.423404MHz AIN1 = -6.95dBFS AIN2 = -7.02dBFS IM3 = -83dBc 0 fIN(IN2) = 19.3039MHz FREQUENCY (MHz) 0 0 5 MAX19527 toc03 -70 -90 -10 6 -20 -80 5 MEASURED ON CHANNEL 1, WITH INTERFERING SIGNAL ON CHANNEL 2 fIN(IN1) = 5.301324MHz fIN(IN2) = 19.303900MHz AIN(IN1) = -0.5dBFS AIN(IN2) = -0.5dBFS CROSSTALK = -92dB -10 -80 0 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) -30 0 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) -40 -20 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) -30 fIN = 19.303900MHz AIN = -0.51dBFS SNR = 68.49dB SINAD = 68.24dB THD = -80.90dBc SFDR = 85.73dB -10 MAX19527 toc04 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) -20 MAX19527 toc01 fIN = 5.301324MHz AIN = -0.49dBFS SNR = 68.58dB SINAD = 68.35dB THD = -81.19dBc SFDR = 85.17dB -10 CROSSTALK FFT PLOT 19.3MHz INPUT FFT PLOT 0 MAX19527 toc02 5.3MHz INPUT FFT PLOT 0 DNL (LSB) MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs 10 0 50 100 150 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 200 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 ANALOG INPUT POWER (dBFS) 0 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs (VAVDD = 1.8V, VOVDD = 1.8V, internal reference, AIN = -0.5dBFS, differential clock, VCLKD = 1.5VP-P, fCLK = 50MHz, programmable registers at default settings (Table 1), TA = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted. Specifications are 100% production tested at TA R +25NC. Specifications for TA < +25NC are guaranteed by design and characterization.) 80 -THD 75 SNR 70 65 80 -THD 75 SNR 70 35 40 45 50 SNR 70 SINAD 60 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.65 1.15 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 NEAR-CARRIER NOISE SPECTRUM vs. FREQUENCY OFFSET SNR 70 65 85 80 -THD 75 SNR 70 65 SINAD SINAD SINGLE-ENDED CLOCK MODE -120 60 60 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 -130 SINGLE CHANNEL -140 -150 8-CHANNEL COHERENT SUM -160 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 -5 -3 -1 1 3 FREQUENCY OFFSET (kHz) +6dB OVERDRIVE OUTPUT CODE vs. SIGNAL PHASE +6dB OVERDRIVE ERROR vs. SIGNAL PHASE ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SAMPLING RATE (AVDD) 2560 2048 1536 1024 CLIPPED AT 0 512 0.75 0.50 0.25 0 -0.25 CLIPPED AT 4095 -0.50 CLIPPED AT 0 -0.75 0 120 180 240 SIGNAL PHASE (DEGREES) 300 360 8 CHANNELS 160 140 120 7 CHANNELS 100 80 60 4 CHANNELS 1 CHANNEL 40 20 -1.00 60 180 5 MAX19527 toc18 fIN = 5.3MHz AIN = +6dBFS ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) CLIPPED AT 4095 1.00 +6dB OVERDRIVE ERROR (LSB) fIN = 5.3MHz AIN = +6dBFS MAX19527 toc17 TEMPERATURE (°C) MAX19527 toc16 CLOCK DUTY CYCLE (%) 4096 1.95 MAX19527 toc15 SFDR NEAR-CARRIER NOISE SPECTRUM (dBC/Hz) 75 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (dB) -THD 90 MAX19527 toc14 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE MAX19527 toc13 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE vs. CLOCK DUTY CYCLE 80 0 -THD 75 VAVDD (V) 85 3072 80 INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) SFDR 3584 85 SAMPLING RATE (MHz) 90 30 SFDR 65 SINAD 60 30 25 +6dB OVERDRIVE OUTPUT CODE 90 MAX19527 toc12 85 65 SINAD 60 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (dB) SFDR DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (dB) 85 90 MAX19527 toc11 SFDR DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (dB) MAX19527 toc10 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (dB) 90 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE vs. SAMPLING RATE NAP MODE 0 0 60 120 180 240 SIGNAL PHASE (DEGREES) 300 360 25 30 35 40 45 50 SAMPLING RATE (MHz) 7 MAX19527 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VAVDD = 1.8V, VOVDD = 1.8V, internal reference, AIN = -0.5dBFS, differential clock, VCLKD = 1.5VP-P, fCLK = 50MHz, programmable registers at default settings (Table 1), TA = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted. Specifications are 100% production tested at TA R +25NC. Specifications for TA < +25NC are guaranteed by design and characterization.) ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (AVDD) 165 160 155 150 145 155 150 145 8 CHANNELS 80 70 7 CHANNELS 60 50 4 CHANNELS 40 1 CHANNEL 30 20 NAP MODE 0 140 -15 10 35 60 1.65 85 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 25 1.95 40 45 SAMPLING RATE (MHz) DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE (OVDD) DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (OVDD) REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE 80 95 90 85 80 -15 10 35 60 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 -15 10 35 60 CMOUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE CMOUT VOLTAGE vs. CMOUT LOAD CURRENT ANALOG INPUT CURRENT vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (AVDD) 1.08 011 010 001 1.10 1.09 1.08 000 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 80 45 40 35 30 25 1.07 1.00 85 MAX19527 toc27 1.10 100 1.11 50 ANALOG INPUT CURRENT (µA) 101 MAX19527 toc26 1.12 CMI_ADJ[2:0] CMOUT VOLTAGE (V) 110 1.12 MAX19527 toc25 1.14 -20 -40 1.95 TEMPERATURE (°C) 111 1.02 1.70 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 1.16 1.04 1.245 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.18 1.06 1.250 1.230 1.65 85 1.255 1.240 75 70 75 50 MAX19527 toc24 1.260 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 85 100 MAX19527 toc23 MAX19527 toc22 90 -40 35 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 95 -40 30 TEMPERATURE (°C) DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) -40 DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 160 90 10 140 8 165 100 DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 170 MAX19527 toc20 175 170 ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) MAX19527 toc19 ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 180 DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SAMPLING RATE (OVDD) MAX19527 toc21 ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE (AVDD) CMOUT VOLTAGE (V) MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs 0 200 400 600 800 CMOUT LOAD CURRENT (µA) 1000 20 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) 1.15 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs TOP VIEW N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. AVDD REFH REFIO REFL OGND OVDD A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. AVDD I.C. SHDN OUT1+ OUT1- B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 IN1- IN1+ GND GND GND GND GND GND GND OGND OUT2+ OUT2- C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 IN2- IN2+ GND GND GND GND GND GND GND OGND OUT3+ OUT3- D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 IN3- IN3+ GND GND GND GND GND GND GND OGND OUT4+ OUT4- E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 IN4- IN4+ CMOUT GND GND GND AVDD GND GND OVDD F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 IN5- IN5+ CMOUT GND GND GND AVDD GND GND OVDD FRAME+ FRAME- CLKOUT+ CLKOUT- G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 IN6- IN6+ GND GND GND GND GND GND GND OGND OUT5+ OUT5- H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 IN7- IN7+ GND GND GND GND GND GND GND OGND OUT6+ OUT6- J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11 J12 IN8- IN8+ GND GND GND GND GND GND GND OGND OUT7+ OUT7- K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. AVDD CLKIN+ GND SDIO OUT8+ OUT8- L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. AVDD CLKIN- GND SCLK CS OVDD M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION ANALOG INPUTS C1 IN1- Channel 1 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input C2 IN1+ Channel 1 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input D1 IN2- Channel 2 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input D2 IN2+ Channel 2 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input E1 IN3- Channel 3 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input E2 IN3+ Channel 3 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input F1 IN4- Channel 4 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input F2 IN4+ Channel 4 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input 9 MAX19527 Pin Configuration Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs MAX19527 Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME G1 IN5- Channel 5 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input FUNCTION G2 IN5+ Channel 5 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input H1 IN6- Channel 6 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input H2 IN6+ Channel 6 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input J1 IN7- Channel 7 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input J2 IN7+ Channel 7 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input K1 IN8- Channel 8 Negative (Inverting) Analog Input K2 IN8+ Channel 8 Positive (Noninverting) Analog Input L8 CLKIN+ Clock Positive (Noninverting) Input M8 CLKIN- Clock Negative (Inverting) Input. If CLKIN- is connected to ground, CLKIN+ is a single-ended, logic-level clock input. Otherwise, CLKIN+ and CLKIN- are self-biased differential clock inputs. OUT1+ Channel 1 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output LVDS OUTPUTS B11 B12 OUT1- Channel 1 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output C11 OUT2+ Channel 2 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output C12 OUT2- Channel 2 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output D11 OUT3+ Channel 3 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output D12 OUT3- Channel 3 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output E11 OUT4+ Channel 4 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output E12 OUT4- Channel 4 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output F11 CLKOUT+ Positive (Noninverting) Serial LVDS Clock Output F12 CLKOUT- Negative (Inverting) Serial LVDS Clock Output G11 FRAME+ Positive (Noninverting) Frame-Alignment LVDS Output. A rising edge on the differential FRAME output aligns to a valid output data frame. G12 FRAME- Negative (Inverting) Frame-Alignment LVDS Output. A rising edge on the differential FRAME output aligns to a valid output data frame. H11 OUT5+ Channel 5 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output H12 OUT5- Channel 5 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output J11 OUT6+ Channel 6 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output J12 OUT6- Channel 6 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output K11 OUT7+ Channel 7 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output K12 OUT7- Channel 7 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output L11 OUT8+ Channel 8 Positive (Noninverting) LVDS Digital Output L12 OUT8- Channel 8 Negative (Inverting) LVDS Digital Output 3-WIRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI) 10 L10 SDIO SPI Data Input/Output M10 SCLK SPI Clock M11 CS SPI Chip Select Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs PIN NAME FUNCTION REFERENCE A8 REFH High Reference Bypass. Bypass REFH with a 0.1FF capacitor to REFL. See the Reference Configurations section for details. A9 REFIO Reference Input/Output. To use internal reference, bypass to GND with a capacitor value of 0.1 FF. See the Reference Configurations section for an external reference. A10 REFL Low Reference Bypass. Bypass REFL with a 0.1FF capacitor to REFH. See the Reference Configurations section for details. SUPPLY AND BIAS A7, B8, F7, G7, L7, M7 AVDD Analog Supply Voltage. Apply 1.8V to all AVDD inputs. Bypass each input to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor. A11, C10, D10, E10, H10, J10, K10 OGND Digital Ground. Connect all GND (analog ground) and OGND (digital ground) pins to the board ground plane. A12, F10, G10, M12 OVDD Digital Supply Voltage. Digital and output driver supply input. Apply 1.8V to all OVDD inputs. Bypass each input to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor. B10 SHDN Active-High Power-Down. Programmable power-management state selection. See the Power Management section for details. C3–C9, D3– D9, E3–E9, F4, F5, F6, F8, F9, G4, G5, G6, G8, G9, H3–H9, J3–J9, K3– K9, L9, M9 GND Analog Ground. Connect all GND (analog ground) and OGND (digital ground) pins to the board ground plane. F3, G3 CMOUT Common-Mode Output. Input common-mode reference output. Bypass CMOUT with a 1FF capacitor to GND. OTHER A1–A6, B1– B7, L1–L6, M1–M6 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. B9 I.C. Internal Connection. Leave I.C. unconnected. 11 MAX19527 Pin Description (continued) Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs MAX19527 Simplified Block Diagram REFIO CMOUT REFH REFL CS REFERENCE AND BIAS GENERATION SCLK SDIO SHDN SPI, REGISTERS, AND CONTROL IN1+ IN1- OUT1+ 12-BIT ADC DIGITAL SERIALIZER LVDS 12-BIT ADC DIGITAL SERIALIZER LVDS 12-BIT ADC DIGITAL SERIALIZER LVDS IN2+ IN2- OUT2+ IN8+ IN8- OUT1- OUT2- OUT8+ OUT8- CLKOUT+ 6x LVDS CLKIN+ CLKIN- CLOCK CIRCUITRY PLL AVDD 12 MAX19527 1x OVDD FRAME+ LVDS GND CLKOUT- FRAME- Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs The MAX19527 is an octal, 12-bit, 50Msps analogto-digital converter (ADC). The ADC features fully differential inputs, a differential, pipelined architecture with digital error correction, 3-wire SPI-compatible interface for device configuration, serial LVDS digital outputs, and fully configurable power management. The device has an internal precision bandgap reference, but the reference structure also allows the use of an external reference. A flexible clock input circuit allows for a single-ended or differential clock signal, while an on-chip configurable PLL generates the multiplied (6x) clock required for the serial LVDS digital outputs. The ADC offers eight separate, fully differential channels with synchronized inputs and outputs. The device features a 9-stage, fully differential, pipelined architecture that is ideal for high-speed conversion while minimizing power consumption (Figure 1). Sampled signals taken at a channel input move progressively through the pipeline stages every half clock cycle. From input to serial output, the total latency is 8.5 clock cycles. Each pipeline stage converts its input voltage to a digital output code. At every stage, except the last, the error between the input voltage and the digital output code is multiplied and passed on to the next pipeline stage. Digital error correction compensates for ADC comparator offsets in each pipeline stage and ensures that there are no missing codes. See the Simplified Block Diagram. Analog Inputs and Common-Mode Reference Apply the differential analog input signal to the analog inputs (IN_+, IN_-), which are connected to the input sampling switch (Figure 2). When the input sampling switch is closed, the input signal is applied to the sampling capacitors through the input switch resistance. The input signal is sampled at the instant the input switch opens. Carefully balance the input impedance of IN_+ and IN_- for optimum performance. Before the input switch is closed to begin the next sampling cycle, the sampling capacitors are reset to the input common-mode potential. Common-mode bias can be provided externally (default) or internally through 2kI resistors (programmed). In DC-coupled applications, the signal source provides the external bias and the bias current. In AC-coupled applications, the input current is supplied by the common-mode input voltage. For example, the input current can be supplied through the center tap of a transformer’s secondary winding. X2 C FLASH ADC DAC IN1_+ STAGE 1 IN1_- STAGE 2 STAGE 8 STAGE 9, END OF PIPELINE DIGITAL ERROR CORRECTION MAX19527 12 DATA[11:0] Figure 1. Pipeline Architecture—Stage Blocks 13 MAX19527 Detailed Description MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs Alternatively, program the Input Common-Mode Control register (04h, see Tables 17 and 18 for configuration details) through the SPI interface to supply the input DC common-mode voltage and current through internal 2kI resistors (Figure 2). When the input current is supplied through the internal resistors, the input commonmode potential is reduced by the voltage drop across the resistors. The common-mode input reference voltage can be adjusted through programmable register settings from 1.020V to 1.160V in 0.020V increments. The default setting is 1.100V. CMOUT can be used to provide a commonmode output reference to a DC-coupled driving circuit. CMOUT Reference Configurations A trimmed internal bandgap voltage generator provides an internal reference voltage of 1.25V. The bandgap voltage is buffered and applied to REFIO through a 10kI resistor. The buffered bandgap voltage is applied to a scaling and level-shift circuit, which creates the internal reference potentials (REFH, REFL) that establish the full-scale range of the ADC. A simplified schematic of the reference circuit is shown in Figure 3. Alternatively, REFIO can be driven externally for greater gain accuracy, or to establish a different full-scale range. AVDD RSWITCH 100I IN_+ CPAR 1.0pF 2kI CSAMPLE 1.5pF VCOM* MAX19527 AVDD RSWITCH 100I 2kI IN_CPAR 1.0pF TO OTHER ADC CHANNELS CSAMPLE 1.5pF SAMPLING CLOCK *VCOM PROGRAMMABLE FROM 1.02V TO 1.16V— SEE THE INPUT COMMON-MODE AND CLKIN CONTROL REGISTER (04h) Figure 2. Internal Track-and-Hold (T/H) Circuit INTERNAL GAIN—BYPASS REFIO EXTERNAL GAIN CONTROL—DRIVE REFIO REFIO 1.250V BANDGAP REFERENCE BUFFER 10kI 0.1µF EXTERNAL BYPASS SCALE AND LEVEL SHIFT REFH REFL 10kI 10kI Figure 3. Simplified Reference Schematic 14 0.1µF EXTERNAL BYPASS TO PIPELINE ADCs INTERNAL REFERENCE (CONTROLS ADC GAIN) Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs When using sleep mode for power management, the wake-up time is determined by the reference-bypass capacitor values. The wake-up from sleep-mode characteristic appears as ADC gain vs. time where the ADC full-scale voltage is to first order a 2-pole response. The first pole is established by the RC time constant on pin REFIO. The second pole is established by the RC time constant on pins REFH and REFL. When the recommended capacitor values are used, the wake-up from sleep time is 10ms. When nap mode is used for power management, the reference remains powered on and the wake-up time from nap mode is not affected by the reference bypass capacitance values. External Reference Mode In applications where control over the full-scale range of the ADC is desired, an external voltage of 1.25V can be applied to REFIO. For optimal performance, the recommended adjustment range is limited to +5/-15%. The REFIO-to-ADC gain-transfer function is: VFS = 1.5 x [VREFIO/1.25] As in the case of internal reference mode, apply a 0.1FF capacitor across pins REFH and REFL to achieve optimal near-carrier noise performance and provide noise filtering of the external reference source. Clock Input The input clock interface provides for flexibility in the requirements of the clock driver. The device accepts a fully differential clock or single-ended logic-level clock. The device is specified for an input sampling frequency range of 25MHz to 50MHz. By default, the internal PLL is configured to accept input clock frequencies from 39MHz to 50MHz. The PLL is programmed through the PLL Sampling Rate register (00h, Table 2). Table 3 details the complete range of PLL sampling frequency settings. For differential clock operation, connect a differential clock to the CLKIN+ and CLKIN- inputs. The input common mode is established internally to allow for AC-coupling. The self-biased input common-mode voltage defaults to 1.2V. The differential clock signal can also be DC-coupled if the externally established common-mode voltage is constrained to the specified clock input common-mode range of 1.0V to 1.4V. A differential input termination of 100I can be switched in by programming the CLKIN Control register (04h[4], Table 17). For single-ended operation, connect CLKIN- to GND and drive the CLKIN+ input with a logic-level signal. When the CLKIN- input is grounded (or pulled below the threshold of the clock-mode detection comparator), the differential-to-single-ended conversion stage is disabled and the logic-level inverter path is activated. The input common-mode self-bias is disconnected from CLKIN+, and provides a weak pullup bias to AVDD for CLKINduring single-ended clock operation (Figure 4). System Timing Requirements Figure 5 shows the relationship between the analog inputs, input clock, frame-alignment output, serial-clock output, and serial-data outputs. The differential analog input (IN_+, IN_-) is sampled on the rising edge of the applied clock signal (CLKIN+, CLKIN-) and the resulting data appears at the digital outputs 8.5 clock cycles later. Figure 6 provides a detailed, two-conversion timing diagram of the relationship between inputs and outputs. Clock Output (CLKOUT+, CLKOUT-) The ADC provides a differential clock output that consists of CLKOUT+ and CLKOUT-. As shown in Figure 6, the serial output data is clocked out of the device on both edges of the clock output. The frequency of the output clock is six times (6x) the frequency of the input clock. The Output Data Format and Test Pattern register (01h) allows the phase of the clock output to be adjusted relative to the output data frame (Table 5, Figure 10). Frame-Alignment Output (FRAME+, FRAME-) The ADC provides a differential frame-alignment signal that consists of FRAME+ and FRAME-. As shown in Figure 6, the rising edge of the frame-alignment signal corresponds to the first bit (D0) of the 12-bit serial-data stream. The frequency of the frame-alignment signal is identical to the frequency of the input clock; however, the duty cycle varies depending on the input clock frequency. 15 MAX19527 Internal Reference Mode In a typical application, the internal absolute gain accuracy is sufficient and the internal reference is used to establish the full-scale range of the ADC. An external 0.1FF bypass capacitor from REFIO to GND is recommended. An external bypass capacitor placed across REFH and REFL is required to achieve optimal near-carrier noise performance, and a value of 0.1FF is recommended to achieve the performance specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs DIFFERENTIAL-TO-SINGLE-ENDED CLOCK CONVERSION CLKIN+ 5kI 50I AVDD 2:1 MUX SINGLE-ENDED CLOCK MODE: INVERTER PATH SELECT 10kI 20kI SELECT THRESHOLD 5kI 50I CLKININPUT COMMON-MODE SELF-BIAS BLOCK CLKIN_INTERNAL 100I TERMINATION, PROGRAMMED: 04h[4] DIFFERENTIAL MODE: CLKIN- > SELECT THRESHOLD SINGLE-ENDED MODE: CLKIN- < SELECT THRESHOLD Figure 4. Simplified Clock Input Schematic N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 N+6 N+7 N+8 N+9 N+10 (VIN_+ - VIN_-) tSAMPLE (VCLKIN+ - VCLKIN-) 8.5 CLOCK-CYCLE DATA LATENCY (VFRAME+ - VFRAME-) (VCLKOUT+ - VCLKOUT-) (VOUT_+ - VOUT_-) OUTPUT DATA FOR SAMPLE N-8 Figure 5. Global Timing Diagram 16 OUTPUT DATA FOR SAMPLE N N+11 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs transmit MSB first, and the output data format can be changed to two’s complement. Table 6 contains full output data configuration details. Differential LVDS Digital Outputs The LVDS output driver current is also fully programmable through the LVDS Output Driver Management register (03h, Table 14). By default, the output driver current is set to 3.5mA. The output driver current can be adjusted from 0.5mA to 7.5mA in 0.5mA steps (Table 15). The LVDS outputs feature flexible programming options. First, the output common-mode voltage can be programmed from 0.6V to 1.2V (default) in 200mV steps (Table 13). Use the LVDS Output Driver Level register (02h, Table 9) to adjust the output common-mode voltage. The ADC features programmable, fully differential LVDS digital outputs. By default, the 12-bit data output is transmitted LSB first, in offset binary format. The Output Data Format and Test Pattern register (01h, Table 5) allows customization of the output bit order and data format. The output bit order can be reconfigured to N N+1 N+1 (VIN_+ - VIN_-) tSAMPLE tSF (VCLKIN+ - VCLKIN-) (VFRAME+ - VFRAME-) tDF (VCLKOUT+ - VCLKOUT-) (VOUT_+ - VOUT_-) D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D0 D1 D2 OUTPUT DATA FOR SAMPLE N-9 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D0 OUTPUT DATA FOR SAMPLE N-8 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 OUTPUT DATA FOR SAMPLE N-7 Figure 6. Detailed Two-Conversion Timing Diagram (VFRAME+ - VFRAME-) tCF tCH tCL (VCLKOUT+ - VCLKOUT-) tOD (VOUT_+ - VOUT_-) D0 D1 tOD D2 D3 Figure 7. Serial-Output Detailed Timing Diagram 17 MAX19527 Serial Output Data (OUT_+, OUT_-) The ADC provides conversion results through individual differential outputs consisting of OUT_+ and OUT_-. The results are valid 8.5 input clock cycles after a sample is taken. As shown in Figure 5, the output data is clocked out on both edges of the output clock, LSB (D0) first (by default). Figure 7 displays the detailed serial-output timing diagram. MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs The LVDS output drivers also feature optional internal termination that can be enabled and adjusted by the LVDS Output Driver Management register (03h, Table 14). By default, the internal output driver termination is disabled. See Table 16 for all possible configurations. Output Driver Level Tests The LVDS outputs (data, clock, and frame) can be configured to static logic-level test states through the LVDS Output Driver Level register (02h, Table 9). The complete list of settings for the static logic-level test states can be found in Tables 10, 11, and 12. Data Output Test Patterns The LVDS data outputs can be configured to output several different, recognizable test patterns. Test patterns are enabled and selected using the Output Data Format and Test Pattern register (01h, Table 5). A complete list of test pattern options is listed in Table 7, and custom test pattern details can be found in the Custom Test Pattern Registers (07h, 08h, 09h) section (including Tables 21, 22, and 23). Power Management The SHDN input is used to toggle between two powermanagement states. Power state 0 corresponds to SHDN = 0, while power state 1 corresponds to SHDN = 1. The PLL Sampling Rate and Power Management register (00h) and the Channel Power Management registers (05h and 06h) fully define each power-management state. By default, SHDN = 1 shuts down the device and SHDN = 0 returns the ADCs to full-power operation. Use of the SHDN input is not required for power management. For either state of SHDN, complete power-management flexibility is provided, including individual ADC channel power-management control, as well as the option of which reduced power-mode to utilize in each power state. The available reduced-power modes are called sleep mode and nap mode. The device cannot enter either of these states unless no ADC channels are active in the current power state (Table 4). In nap mode, the reference, duty-cycle equalizer, and clock-multiplier PLL circuits remain active for rapid wake-up time. In nap mode, the externally applied clock signal must remain active for the duty-cycle equalizer and PLL to remain locked. Typical wake-up time from nap mode is 2Fs. In sleep mode, all circuits are turned off except for the bandgap voltage-generation circuit. All registers retain 18 previously programmed values during sleep mode. Typical wake-up time from sleep mode is 10ms, which is dominated by the RC time constants on REFIO and REFH/REFL. Power On and Reset The user-programmable register default settings and other factory-programmed settings are stored in a nonvolatile memory. Upon device power-up, these values are loaded into the control registers. The operation occurs after the application of a valid supply voltage to AVDD and OVDD, and the presence of an input clock signal. The user-programmed register values are retained as long as the AVDD and OVDD voltages are applied. A reset condition overwrites all user-programmed registers with the default factory values. The reset condition occurs on power-up and can be initiated while powered with a software write command (write 5Ah) through the serial-port interface to the Special Function register (10h). The reset time is proportional to the ADC clock period and requires 415Fs at 50Msps. 3-Wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) The ADC operates as a slave device that sends and receives data through a 3-wire SPI interface. A master device must initiate all data transfers to and from the device. The device uses an active-low SPI chipselect input (CS) to enable communication with timing controlled through the externally generated SPl clock input (SCLK). All data is sent and received through the bidirectional SPI data line (SDIO). The device has 10 user-programmable control registers and one specialfunction register, which are accessed and programmed through this interface. SPI Communication Format Figure 8 shows an ADC SPI communication cycle. All SPI communication cycles are made up of two bytes of data on SDIO and require 16 clock cycles on SCLK to be completed. To initiate an SPI read or write communication cycle, CS must first transition from a logic-high to a logic-low state. While CS remains low, serial data is clocked in from SDIO on rising edges of SCLK and clocked out (for a read) on the falling edges of SCLK. When CS is high, the device does not respond to SCLK transitions, and no data is read from or written to SDIO. CS must transition back to logic-high after each read/write cycle is completed. Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs and received MSB first in both cases. The detailed SPI timing requirements are shown in Figure 9. User-Programmable Control Registers The ADC has 10 user-programmable control registers, and one special-function register (Table 1). Each register is set to its power-on-reset (POR) default value when the device powers up or after a reset condition clears. PLL Sampling Rate and Power Management Register (00h) The PLL Sampling Rate and Power-Management register (00h, Table 2) has two distinct functions. The first is to adjust the internal PLL to facilitate a wide range of input sampling frequencies. The second is to set the type of power-down mode used by each power state (set by SHDN). The second byte on SDIO is sent to the ADC in the case of a write, or received from the ADC in the case of a read. For a write command, the device continues to clock in the data on SDIO on each rising edge of SCLK. In the case of a read command, the device writes data to SDIO on each falling edge of SCLK. The data byte is transmitted CS SCLK R/W SDIO A6 A5 A4 A3 ADDRESS 0 = WRITE 1 = READ A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D2 D0 DATA (WRITE OR READ) Figure 8. SPI Communication Cycle tCSH tCSS CS tSCLK SCLK tSDS tSDH tSDD SDIO Figure 9. SPI Timing Diagram 19 MAX19527 The first byte transmitted on SDIO is always provided by the master. The ADC (slave device) clocks in the data from SDIO on each rising edge of SCLK. The first bit received selects whether the communication cycle is a read or write. Logic 1 selects a read cycle, while logic 0 selects a write cycle. The next 7 bits (MSB first) are the register address for the read or write cycle. The address can indicate any of the 10 user-programmable control registers (00h to 09h), or the special-function register (10h, write only). Attempting to read/write with any other address has no effect (Table 1). MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs The PLL[2:0] bits (00h[6:4]) are used to program the clock multiplier for the internal PLL in order to set the input sampling frequency range. The default setting is PLL[2:0] = 001, which allows for 39MHz to 50MHz operation. See Table 3 for the full range of PLL settings and the corresponding sampling frequencies. is active in the current power state, the device cannot enter nap or sleep mode (Table 4). The default states are NAP_SHDN1 = 0 and NAP_SHDN0 = 1, meaning that if all channels are disabled in the corresponding power state, SHDN = 1 corresponds to sleep mode and SHDN = 0 corresponds to nap mode. The NAP_SHDN1 (00h[1]) and NAP_SHDN0 (00h[0]) bits are used to set the state of the ADC when all channels are turned off for the SHDN = 1 and SHDN = 0 powermanagement states, respectively. When they are set to logic 0, the device enters sleep mode if no channels are enabled in that power state. When they are set to logic 1, the device instead enters nap mode if no channels are enabled for that power state. If even one channel Output Data Format and Test Pattern Register (01h) The Output Data Format and Test Pattern register (01h, Table 5) has several functions. The first is used to adjust the LVDS output bit order and data format. The second is used to set the CLKOUT phase with respect to the output frame. Finally, this register is used to enable and select test pattern outputs. Table 1. Summary of User-Programmable Control Registers ADDRESS READ/WRITE POR STATE 00h R/W 0001-0001 PLL sampling rate and power management FUNCTION 01h R/W 0000-0000 Output data format and test patterns 02h R/W 0000-0000 LVDS output driver level 03h R/W 0000-0000 LVDS output driver management 04h R/W 0000-1000 Input common mode and CLKIN control 05h R/W 1111-1111 Channel power management: SHDN0 06h R/W 0000-0000 Channel power management: SHDN1 07h R/W 1010-1010 Custom test patterns 1 08h R/W 0101-0101 Custom test patterns 2 09h R/W 0101-1010 Custom test patterns 3 0Ah to 0Fh — Reserved Reserved registers (do not use) 10h R/W — Special function Table 2. PLL Sampling Rate and Power Management (00h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 — BIT 4 PLL[2:0] BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 — — NAP_SHDN1 NAP_SHDN0 Table 3. PLL Frequency Control Settings (00h[6:4]) CLOCK MULTIPLIER SETTING MAXIMUM SAMPLING FREQUENCY (MHz) PLL[1] PLL[0] 0 0 0 0 0 1 39 0 1 0 28.5 39 0 1 1 25 28.5 1 X X X = Don’t care. 20 MINIMUM SAMPLING FREQUENCY (MHz) PLL[2] Not used 50 Not used Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs the TEST_DATA bit (01h[4]) is set to logic 0, enabling normal channel data outputs. By setting TEST_DATA to logic 1, test data output patterns are enabled. The ADC has five preset test data output settings, as well as one custom pattern setting (custom test patterns are programmed through registers 07h, 08h, and 09h). The TEST_PATTERN[2:0] bits (01h[7:5]) are used to select the type of output test pattern. All test patterns consist of a sequence of one or more 12-bit data frames. Table 7 contains the test pattern programming details. The phase of the serial LVDS output clock (CLKOUT) can be adjusted, relative to the output data frame, by using the CLKOUT_PHASE[1:0] bits (01h[3:2]). The default state for CLKOUT_PHASE[1:0] is 00, and by changing this value the default phase relationship can be adjusted in 90N increments. Figure 10 illustrates both the default phase relationship (between an output data frame and the output clock), as well as the other three settings (shown with the default LSB first output data format). Pseudo-random data patterns are bit sequences without regard to bit position within the frame. The short sequence repeats every 29 - 1 (511) bits. The bit sequence is generated according to the ITU-T 0.150 standard, with an initial value shown in Table 8. The long sequence repeats every 223 - 1 (8,388,607) bits according to ITU-T 0.150 with an initial value shown in Table 8 and an inverted bit stream. The serial LVDS outputs also feature programmable test patterns for data timing alignment. By default, Table 4. Power-Management Programming Table SHDN NAP_SHDN0 00h[0] CHx_SHDN0 05h[7:0] NAP_SHDN1 00h[1] CHx_SHDN1 06h[7:0] MAX19527 STATE 0 0 0000-0000 X XXXX-XXXX Sleep mode 0 1 0000-0000 X XXXX-XXXX Nap mode 0 X One or more bits set to 1 X XXXX-XXXX Active mode 1 X XXXX-XXXX 0 0000-0000 Sleep mode 1 X XXXX-XXXX 1 0000-0000 Nap mode X XXXX-XXXX X One or more bits set to 1 Active mode 1 X = Don’t care. Table 5. Output Data Format and Test Pattern (01h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 TEST_PATTERN[2:0] BIT 4 BIT 3 TEST_DATA BIT 2 CLKOUT_PHASE[1:0] BIT 1 BIT 0 DATA_FORMAT BIT_ORDER Table 6. LVDS Output Data Format Programming DATA_FORMAT BIT_ORDER LVDS OUTPUT DATA FORMAT 0 0 Binary, LSB first (default) 0 1 Binary, MSB first 1 0 Two’s complement, LSB first 1 1 Two’s complement, MSB first 21 MAX19527 The LVDS data output format can be adjusted using the DATA_FORMAT bit (01h[1]) and the BIT_ORDER bit (01h[0]). The default state for both is logic 0, corresponding to a binary digital output code, presented LSB first. Setting BIT_ORDER to logic 1 changes the LVDS output data to an MSB-first format. Setting DATA_FORMAT to logic 1 changes the LVDS output format from binary to two’s complement. Table 6 contains the LVDS output data format programming details. MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs LVDS Output Driver Level Register (02h) Use the LVDS Output Driver Level register (02h, Table 9) to test the LVDS output driver static logic levels (OUT_, CLKOUT_, FRAME_) and to set the output commonmode voltage for all LVDS outputs. To test the LVDS outputs at static logic levels, the TEST_FRAME_LEVEL[1:0], TEST_CLKOUT_LEVEL[1:0], and TEST_DATA_LEVEL[1:0] bits (02h[5:0]) are used. The LSB of each, when set to logic 0 (default), disables the static output level test (normal data output). When the LSB of each is set to logic 1, the static output level test is enabled. The MSB of each is then used to determine if the static output is logic 1 or 0 (matches the logic state of the MSB). For detailed programming information, see Tables 10, 11, and 12. To set the LVDS output common-mode voltage, use the LVDS_CM[1:0] bits (02h[7:6]). By default, LVDS_CM[1:0] is set to 00, which corresponds to a default setting of 1.2V for the LVDS output common-mode voltage. Table 13 contains complete programming details. CLKOUT_PHASE[1:0] = 00 (DEFAULT) CLKOUT_PHASE[1:0] = 01 VFRAME VFRAME VCLKOUT VCLKOUT VOUT_ D0 D1 D2 D3 VOUT_ D0 CLKOUT_PHASE[1:0] = 10 VFRAME VCLKOUT VCLKOUT D0 D1 D2 VFRAME = (VFRAME+ - VFRAME-) D2 D3 CLKOUT_PHASE[1:0] = 11 VFRAME VOUT_ D1 D3 VOUT_ D0 VCLKOUT = (VCLKOUT+ - VCLKOUT-) D1 D2 D3 VOUT_ = (VOUT_+ - VOUT_-) Figure 10. Serial LVDS Output Clock (CLKOUT) Phase Adjustment Table 7. Test Pattern Programming TEST_DATA TEST PATTERN FORMAT X X X Disabled, normal data output (default) 1 0 0 0 Data skew (010101010101), repeats every frame 1 0 0 1 Data sync (111111000000), repeats every frame 1 0 1 0 Custom test pattern, repeats every two frames 1 0 1 1 Ramping pattern from 0 to 4095 (repeats) 1 1 0 0 Pseudo-random data pattern, short sequence (29) 1 1 0 1 Pseudo-random data pattern, long sequence (223) 1 1 1 0 Not used 1 1 1 1 Not used X = Don’t care. 22 TEST_PATTERN[2:0] 0 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs The LVDS output drive current is fully configurable through the LVDS_IADJ[3:0] bits (03h[3:0]). The default setting for LVDS_IADJ[3:0] is 0000, which corresponds to a 3.5mA output drive current (350mV at 100I). The output drive current can be reprogrammed from 0.5mA to 7.5mA in 0.5mA increments. Table 15 contains complete programming details. Input Common-Mode and CLKIN Control Register (04h) Use the Input Common-Mode and CLKIN Control register (04h, Table 17) to enable a self-biased, input common-mode voltage level, and to enable optional internal termination between the differential CLKIN_ inputs. Table 8. Pseudo-Random Data Pattern SEQUENCE INITIAL VALUE FIRST THREE SAMPLES Short (29) 0x0df 0xdf9, 0x353, 0x301 Long (223) 0x29b80a 0x591, 0xfd7, 0x0a3 Table 9. LVDS Output Driver Level (02h) BIT 7 BIT 6 LVDS_CM[1:0] BIT 5 BIT 4 TEST_FRAME_LEVEL[1:0] BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 TEST_CLKOUT_LEVEL[1:0] BIT 0 TEST_DATA_LEVEL[1:0] Table 10. Test Data (OUT_) Level Programming TEST_DATA_LEVEL[1:0] DATA (OUT_) OUTPUT X 0 0 1 Normal data output Output low (static) 1 1 Output high (static) X = Don’t care. Table 11. Test CLKOUT Level Programming TEST_CLKOUT_LEVEL[1:0] CLKOUT OUTPUT X 0 0 1 Normal CLKOUT output Output low (static) 1 1 Output high (static) X = Don’t care. Table 12. Test FRAME Level Programming TEST_FRAME_LEVEL[1:0] FRAME OUTPUT X 0 Normal FRAME output 0 1 Output low (static) 1 1 Output high (static) X = Don’t care. 23 MAX19527 The LVDS output driver features optional internal termination that is programmable through the LVDS_TERM[2:0] bits (03h[6:4]). By default, LVDS_TERM[2:0] is set to 000, disabling the optional internal termination. Table 16 contains the configuration details. LVDS Output Driver Management Register (03h) Use the LVDS Output Driver Management register (03h, Table 14) to set the LVDS output drive current and to enable and set the value of the internal LVDS output termination. MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs The CMI_SELF bit (04h[0]) is used to enable the optional, self-biased input common-mode voltage. By default, CMI_SELF is set to logic 0, disabling this feature. Setting CMI_SELF to logic 1 allows the specified common-mode voltage to be applied to the analog input pins through approximately 2kI resistance. The level of the input common-mode voltage is set by the CMI_ADJ[2:0] bits (04h[3:1]). The default setting for CMI_ADJ[2:0] is 100, which corresponds to a CMOUT voltage of 1100mV. The internally supplied and programmed input commonmode voltage is always available on the CMOUT pin. Table 18 contains configuration options, and Figure 2 details the input configuration. By default, the CLKIN_TERM bit (04h[4]) is set to logic 0, disabling the internal, differential CLKIN input termination resistance. To enable the optional internal differential 100I termination resistance (from CLKIN+ to CLKIN-), set CLKIN_TERM to logic 1 (Figure 4). Channel Power Management: SHDN0 (05h) and SHDN1 (06h) Registers The SHDN input allows the ADC to support two individually programmed power states. The Channel Power Management (CPM): SHDN0 register (05h) is used to individually enable or disable each channel for power state 0 (SHDN = 0). The default state of Table 13. LVDS Output Common-Mode Voltage Adjustment LVDS_CM[1:0] LVDS OUTPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) 0 0 1.2 (default) 0 1 1.0 1 0 0.8 1 1 0.6 Table 14. LVDS Output Driver Management (03h) BIT 7 BIT 6 — BIT 5 BIT 4 Table 15. LVDS Output Drive Current Configuration LVDS_IADJ[3:0] 24 BIT 3 BIT 2 LVDS_TERM[2:0] BIT 1 BIT 0 LVDS_IADJ[3:0] Table 16. LVDS Output Drive Internal Termination Configuration DRIVE CURRENT (mA) LVDS INTERNAL TERMINATION (I) LVDS_TERM[2:0] 0 0 0 0 3.5 (default) 0 0 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 Disabled (default) 0 0 1 0 1.0 0 0 1 800 0 0 1 1 1.5 0 1 0 400 0 1 0 0 2.0 0 1 1 267 0 1 0 1 2.5 1 0 0 200 0 1 1 0 3.0 1 0 1 160 0 1 1 1 3.5 1 1 0 133 1 0 0 0 4.0 1 1 1 100 1 0 0 1 4.5 1 0 1 0 5.0 1 0 1 1 5.5 1 1 0 0 6.0 1 1 0 1 6.5 1 1 1 0 7.0 1 1 1 1 7.5 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs Custom Test Pattern Registers (07h, 08h, 09h) The Custom Test Pattern (1, 2, and 3) registers are used to create a user-programmed test pattern sequence (TEST_ DATA = 1, TEST_PATTERN[2:0] = 010, see Tables 5 and 7). The data for the custom test pattern sequence is divided among the three Custom Test Pattern registers (Tables 21, 22, and 23). The custom test pattern comprises a series of two, 12-bit sequences (BITS_CUSTOM1[11:0] first, followed by BITS_CUSTOM2[11:0]) that repeat continuously. Table 17. Input Common Mode and CLKIN Control (04h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 — — — CLKIN_TERM BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 CMI_ADJ[2:0] BIT 0 CMI_SELF Table 18. Input Common-Mode Voltage Configuration CMI_ADJ[2:0] INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (mV) 0 0 0 1020 0 0 1 1040 0 1 0 1060 0 1 1 1080 1 0 0 1100 (default) 1 0 1 1120 1 1 0 1140 1 1 1 1160 Table 19. Channel Power Management: SHDN0 (05h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 CH8_SHDN0 CH7_SHDN0 CH6_SHDN0 CH5_SHDN0 CH4_SHDN0 CH3_SHDN0 CH2_SHDN0 CH1_SHDN0 Table 20. Channel Power Management: SHDN1 (06h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 CH8_SHDN1 CH7_SHDN1 CH6_SHDN1 CH5_SHDN1 CH4_SHDN1 CH3_SHDN1 CH2_SHDN1 CH1_SHDN1 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 Table 21. Custom Test Pattern 1 (07h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BITS_CUSTOM1[7:0] Table 22. Custom Test Pattern 2 (08h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BITS_CUSTOM2[7:0] 25 MAX19527 CPM: SHDN0 is 1111-1111, which causes power state 0 to enable all eight channels (by default). The CPM: SHDN1 register (06h) is used to enable or disable each channel for power state 1 (SHDN = 1). The default state of CPM: SHDN1 is 0000-0000, which causes power state 1 to disable all eight channels (by default). Both power states are independently configurable for any combination of enabled and disabled channels (Tables 19 and 20). MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs Table 23. Custom Test Pattern 3 (09h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BITS_CUSTOM2[11:8] Table 24. Special Function Register (10h) Status Byte (Read) STATUS BIT NO. READ VALUE 7 6 0 0 5 0 or 1 1 = ROM read in progress 4 0 or 1 1 = ROM read completed, and register data is valid (checksum ok) 3 0 Reserved 2 1 Reserved 1 0 or 1 Reserved 0 0 or 1 1 = Duty-cycle equalizer DLL is locked DESCRIPTION Reserved Reserved BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 BITS_CUSTOM1[11:8] voltage for an AC-coupled input. The transformer shown has an impedance ratio of 1:1. Alternatively, a different step-up transformer can be selected to reduce the drive requirements. A reduced signal swing from the input driver can also improve the overall distortion. Clock Inputs Reserved Registers (0Ah to 0Fh) These registers are reserved and should not be used or programmed. It is possible to read from or write to these registers, but the commands have no effect on device operation. Special Function Register (10h) The Special Function register has two key functions: software device reset and device status. To initiate a software device reset, write the command 5Ah to the Special Function register. Do not write any other values to this register as they could permanently alter the device configuration. When read, the register returns a status byte with the information described in Table 24. Applications Information Analog Inputs The ADC provides better SFDR and THD with fully differential input signals than a single-ended input drive. In differential input mode, even-order harmonics are lower as both inputs are balanced, and each of the ADC inputs only require half the signal swing compared to single-ended input mode. Single-ended operation for the device is not recommended. AC-Coupled Inputs An RF transformer provides an excellent solution for converting a single-ended signal to a fully differential signal (Figure 11). CMOUT provides the common-mode 26 BIT 3 Differential, AC-Coupled Clock Inputs For optimum dynamic performance, the clock inputs to the device should be driven with an AC-coupled differential signal. However, frequently the available clock source is single-ended. Figure 12 demonstrates one method for converting a single-ended clock signal into a differential signal with a transformer. In this example, a Coilcraft transformer (TTWB-2-B), whose impedance ratio from primary to secondary is 1:2. The signal in this example is terminated into a series combination of two 50Ω resistors with their common node AC-coupled to ground. Figure 12 illustrates the secondary side of the transformer to be coupled directly to the clock inputs. Since the clock inputs are self-biasing, the center tap of the transformer must be AC-coupled to ground or left unconnected. If the center tap of the transformer’s secondary side is DC-coupled to ground, it is necessary to add blocking capacitors in series with the clock inputs. Clock jitter performance can be enhanced if the clock signal has a high slew rate at the time of its zerocrossing. Therefore, if a sinusoidal source is used to drive the clock inputs, the clock amplitude should be as large as possible to maximize the zero-crossing slew rate. The back-to-back Schottky diodes shown in Figure 12 are not required as long as the input signal is held to a differential voltage potential of 3VP-P or less. If a larger amplitude signal is provided (to maximize the zero-crossing slew rate), then the diodes serve to limit the differential signal swing at the clock inputs. Any differential mode noise coupled to the clock inputs translates to clock jitter and degrades the SNR performance of the device. Any differential mode coupling of the analog input signal into the clock inputs results in harmonic distortion. Consequently, it is important that the clock lines be well isolated from the analog signal input and from the digital outputs. Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs ANALOG INPUT 10I 0.1µF IN_+ 39pF 100I MAX19527 100I 100I CMOUT N.C. 1µF 0.1µF 100I 10I IN_- MINI-CIRCUITS (1:1) ADT1-1WT+ 39pF Figure 11. Transformer-Coupled Input Drive CLOCK INPUT 0.01µF 0.1µF CLKIN+ CENTRAL SEMICONDUCTOR CMPD6263S+ 49.9I N.C. N.C. MAX19527 49.9I CLKIN- COILCRAFT (1:2) TTWB-2-B 0.01µF Figure 12. Single-Ended-to-Differential Clock Input AVDD AVDD 0.1µF 100I 10kI 100I POTENTIOMETER: DUTY-CYCLE ADJUSTMENT CLOCK INPUT MAX19527 CLKIN+ 0.1µF 49.9I 100kI TINYLOGIC ULP-A INVERTER, FAIRCHILD NC7WV04P6X CLKIN- Figure 13. Single-Ended Clock Input with Duty-Cycle Adjustment 27 MAX19527 can be utilized to control the duty cycle of the clock input signal. Measure the clock input to the device after the buffer and adjust the potentiometer until the desired duty cycle is achieved. The circuit in Figure 13 allows for dutycycle adjustments between 20% and 80%. Singe-Ended, AC-Coupled Clock Inputs In single-ended operation, the clock signal is applied to the device’s positive clock input (CLK+) through a buffer amplifier (Fairchild NC7WV04P6X). The negative input (CLK-) is connected to ground in this mode. In singleended clock configuration, an external 10kΩ potentiometer MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs Grounding, Bypassing, and Board Layout The ADC requires high-speed board layout design techniques to achieve optimal dynamic performance. Refer to the MAX19527 EV kit data sheet for a board layout reference. Locate all bypass capacitors as close as possible to the device, preferably on the same side as the ADC, using surface-mount components for minimum inductance. Bypass the AVDD and OVDD inputs with a separate 0.1FF ceramic capacitor to GND at both sides of the device (row A and row M). Bypass CMOUT with a 1FF ceramic capacitor to GND. To use the internal reference, bypass REFIO with a 0.1FF ceramic capacitor to GND. For optimal performance using either an internal or external reference, bypass REFH to REHL with a 0.1FF ceramic capacitor. Multilayer boards with ample ground and power planes produce the highest level of signal integrity. Isolate the ground plane from any noisy digital system ground planes. Route high-speed digital signal traces away from sensitive analog traces. Keep all signal lines short and free of 90N turns. Ensure that the differential analog input network layout is symmetric and that all parasitics are balanced equally. Ensure that the LVDS outputs are routed as matched length, 100I terminated, differential transmission lines. Refer to the MAX19527 EV kit data sheet for an example of symmetric input layout. Parameter Definitions Integral Nonlinearity (INL) INL is the deviation of the measured transfer function from a best-fit straight line. Worst-case deviation is defined as INL. Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) DNL is the difference between the measured transferfunction step width and the ideal value of 1 LSB. A DNL error specification of less than 1 LSB guarantees no missing codes and a monotonic transfer function. DNL deviations are measured at each step of the transfer function and the worst-case deviation is defined as DNL. Offset Error Offset error is a parameter that indicates how well the actual transfer function matches the ideal transfer function at midscale. Ideally, the midscale transition occurs at 0.5 LSB above midscale. The offset error is the amount of deviation between the measured midscale transition point and the ideal midscale transition point. 28 Gain Error Gain error is a figure of merit that indicates how well the slope of the measured transfer function matches the slope of the ideal transfer function based on the specified full-scale input voltage range. The gain error is defined as the relative error of the measured transfer function and is expressed as a percentage. Small-Signal Noise Floor (SSNF) SSNF is the integrated noise and distortion power in the Nyquist band for small-signal inputs. The DC offset is excluded from this noise calculation. For this converter, a small signal is defined as a single tone with an amplitude less than -35dBFS. This parameter captures the thermal and quantization noise characteristics of the converter and can be used to help calculate the overall noise figure of a receive channel. Near-Carrier Signal-to-Noise Ratio (NCSNR) Near-carrier SNR is defined as the ratio of the power in a near full-scale sinusoidal signal to the noise power measured at 1kHz offset from the signal. The noise power is normalized to 1Hz bandwidth. The near-carrier noise measured in a single ADC channel can be correlated to the near-carrier noise in other channels in a multichannel ADC. If that is the case, if output signals from multiple channels are summed, the addition process does not provide full processing gain of 10 x log(N), where N is the number of channels. Near-carrier SNR for an 8-channel coherent sum is defined for the case of applying an in-phase sinusoidal signal to all 8 ADC channels, and computing the near-carrier SNR for the digital sum of all eight outputs. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) For a waveform perfectly reconstructed from digital samples, the theoretical maximum SNR is the ratio of the full-scale analog input (RMS value) to the RMS quantization error (residual error). The ideal, theoretical minimum analog-to-digital noise is caused by quantization error only and results directly from the ADC’s resolution (N bits): SNRdB[MAX] = 6.02dB x N + 1.76dB In reality, there are other noise sources besides quantization noise (e.g., thermal noise, reference noise, clock jitter, etc.). SNR is computed by taking the ratio of the RMS signal to the RMS noise. RMS noise includes all spectral components to the Nyquist frequency excluding the fundamental, the first six harmonics (HD2–HD7), and the DC offset. SIGNAL RMS SNR = 20 × log NOISE RMS Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs SIGNAL RMS SNR = 20 × log 2 2 NOISE RMS + DISTORTIONRMS Single-Tone Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) SFDR is the ratio expressed in decibels of the RMS amplitude of the fundamental (maximum signal component) to the RMS amplitude of the next largest spurious component, excluding DC offset. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) THD is the ratio of the RMS of the first six harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. This is expressed as: V 2 + V3 2 + V4 2 + V5 2 + V6 2 + V7 2 THD = 20 × log 2 V1 V1 is the fundamental amplitude and V2–V7 are the amplitudes of the 2nd-order through 7th-order harmonics (HD2–HD7). V1 and V2 are amplitudes of the two fundamental inputs, and VIMn is the amplitude of the nth intermodulation product. The fundamental input tone amplitudes (V1 and V2) are at -6.5dBFS. Fourteen intermodulation products (VIMn) are used in the ADC IMD calculation. The intermodulation products are the amplitudes of the output spectrum at the following frequencies, where fIN1 and fIN2 are the fundamental input tone frequencies: U Second-order intermodulation products: fIN1 + fIN2, fIN2 - fIN1 U Third-order intermodulation products: 2 x fIN1 - fIN2, 2 x fIN2 - fIN1, 2 x fIN1 + fIN2, 2 x fIN2 + fIN1 U Fourth-order intermodulation products: 3 x fIN1 - fIN2, 3 x fIN2 - fIN1, 3 x fIN1 + fIN2, 3 x fIN2 + fIN1 U Fifth-order intermodulation products: 3 x fIN1 - 2 x fIN2, 3 x fIN2 - 2 x fIN1, 3 x fIN1 + 2 x fIN2, 3 x fIN2 + 2 x fIN1 Overdrive Recovery Time Overdrive recovery time is the time required for the ADC to recover from an input transient that exceeds the full-scale limits. The specified overdrive recovery time is measured with an input carrier that exceeds the fullscale limits by 6dBFS. Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) Package Information V 2 + VIM2 2 + + VIM13 2 + VIM14 2 IMD = 20 × log IM1 V12 + V2 2 For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. IMD is the ratio of the RMS sum of the intermodulation products to the RMS sum of the two fundamental input tones. This is expressed as: PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. 144 CTBGA X14400-3 21-0492 29 MAX19527 Signal-to-Noise and Distortion (SINAD) SINAD is computed by taking the ratio of the RMS signal to the RMS noise plus the RMS distortion. RMS noise includes all spectral components to the Nyquist frequency excluding the fundamental, the first six harmonics (HD2–HD7), and the DC offset. RMS distortion includes the first six harmonics (HD2–HD7). MAX19527 Ultra-Low-Power, Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 6/10 DESCRIPTION Initial release PAGES CHANGED — Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 30 © 2010 Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.