MCP433X/435X 7/8-Bit Quad SPI Digital POT with Volatile Memory MCP43X1 Quad Potentiometers TSSOP P2A P2W P2B VDD SDO RESET NC P0B P0W P0A 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 P3A P3W P3B CS SCK SDI VSS P1B P1W P1A P2B P2W P2A P3A P3W MCP43X1 Quad Potentiometers 4x4 QFN* 20 19 18 17 16 P3B 1 CS 2 SCK 3 SDI 4 VDD 5 NC 11 P0B 9 10 P0A 8 12 P0W 7 6 RESET 13 EP 21 P1A VSS 15 14 SDO P1B • Quad Resistor Network • Potentiometer or Rheostat Configuration Options • Resistor Network Resolution: - 7-bit: 128 Resistors (129 Taps) - 8-bit: 256 Resistors (257 Taps) • RAB Resistances Options of: - 5 k - 10 k - 50 k - 100 k • Zero Scale to Full Scale Wiper Operation • Low Wiper Resistance: 75 (typical) • Low Tempco: - Absolute (Rheostat): 50 ppm typical (0°C to 70°C) - Ratiometric (Potentiometer): 15 ppm typical • SPI Serial Interface (10 MHz, Modes 0,0 and 1,1): - High-Speed Read/Writes to wiper registers • Resistor Network Terminal Disconnect Feature via Terminal Control (TCON) Register • Reset Input Pin • Brown-out Reset Protection (1.5V typical) • Serial Interface Inactive Current (2.5 µA typical) • High-Voltage Tolerant Digital Inputs: Up to 12.5V • Supports Split Rail Applications • Internal Weak Pull-up on all Digital Inputs • Wide Operating Voltage: - 2.7V to 5.5V – Device Characteristics Specified - 1.8V to 5.5V – Device Operation • Wide Bandwidth (-3 dB) Operation: - 2 MHz (typical) for 5.0 k device • Extended Temperature Range (-40°C to +125°C) Package Types (Top View) P1W Features MCP43X2 Quad Rheostat TSSOP P3W P3B CS SCK SDI VSS P1B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 P2W P2B VDD SDO P0B P0W P1W * Includes Exposed Thermal Pad (EP); see Table 3-1. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 1 MCP433X/435X Device Block Diagram VDD VSS Power-up/ Brown-out Control Resistor Network 0 (Pot 0) CS SCK SDI SDO SPI Serial Interface Module and Control Logic Wiper 0 and TCON0 Register RESET P0A P0W P0B P1A Resistor Network 1 (Pot 1) Memory (16x9) Wiper0 (V) Wiper1 (V) Wiper2 (V) Wiper3 (V) P1W Wiper 1 and TCON0 Register TCON0 TCON1 P1B P2A Resistor Network 2 (Pot 2) P2W Wiper 2 and TCON1 Register P2B P3A Resistor Network 3 (Pot 3) P3W Wiper 3 and TCON1 Register P3B Resistance (typical) RAB Options (k) Wiper - RW () # of Taps POR Wiper Setting WiperLock Technology Memory Type Wiper Configuration Control Interface Device # of POTs Device Features VDD Operating Range (2) MCP4331 4 Potentiometer (1) SPI RAM No Mid-Scale 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 129 1.8V to 5.5V MCP4332 4 Rheostat RAM No Mid-Scale 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 129 1.8V to 5.5V MCP4341 4 Potentiometer (1) SPI EE Yes NV Wiper 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 129 2.7V to 5.5V MCP4342 4 Rheostat EE Yes NV Wiper 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 129 2.7V to 5.5V Potentiometer (1) MCP4351 4 MCP4352 4 Rheostat MCP4361 MCP4362 Note 1: 2: SPI SPI SPI RAM No Mid-Scale 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 257 1.8V to 5.5V SPI RAM No Mid-Scale 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 257 1.8V to 5.5V 4 Potentiometer (1) SPI EE Yes NV Wiper 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 257 2.7V to 5.5V 4 Rheostat EE Yes NV Wiper 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 75 257 2.7V to 5.5V SPI Floating either terminal (A or B) allows the device to be used as a Rheostat (variable resistor). Analog characteristics only tested from 2.7V to 5.5V unless otherwise noted. DS22242A-page 2 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Absolute Maximum Ratings † Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ..... -0.6V to +7.0V Voltage on CS, SCK, SDI, SDI/SDO, and RESET with respect to VSS ..................... -0.6V to 12.5V Voltage on all other pins (PxA, PxW, PxB and SDO) with respect to VSS ............... -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0, VI > VDD, VI > VPP ON HV pins) ........... ±20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) ....................................... ±20 mA Maximum output current sunk by any Output pin ........................................................................... 25 mA Maximum output current sourced by any Output pin ........................................................................... 25 mA Maximum current out of VSS pin ...................... 100 mA Maximum current into VDD pin ......................... 100 mA Maximum current into PXA, PXW and PXB pins ±2.5 mA Storage temperature ........... -65°C to +150°C Ambient temperature with power applied .......................................................... -40°C to +125°C Package power dissipation (TA = +50°C, TJ = +150°C) TSSOP-14 ......... 1000 mW TSSOP-20......................................................1110 mW QFN-20 (4x4) ................................................ 2320 mW Soldering temperature of leads (10 seconds) .................................................... +300°C ESD protection on all pins 4 kV (HBM), ................................................................ 300V (MM) Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ) .............. +150°C 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. † Notice: Stresses above those listed under “Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DS22242A-page 3 MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Supply Voltage VDD 2.7 — 5.5 V 1.8 — 2.7 V Serial Interface only. VSS — 12.5V V VSS — VDD + 8.0V V VDD 4.5V The CS pin will be at one VDD < 4.5V of three input levels (VIL, VIH or VIHH). (Note 6) — — 1.65 V RAM retention voltage (VRAM) < VBOR CS, SDI, SDO, SCK, RESET pin Voltage Range VHV VDD Start Voltage to ensure Wiper Reset VBOR VDD Rise Rate to ensure Power-on Reset VDDRR Delay after device exits the Reset state (VDD > VBOR) TBORD — 10 20 µs IDD — — 450 µA Serial Interface Active, VDD = 5.5V, CS = VIL, SCK @ 5 MHz, write all 0’s to volatile Wiper 0 (address 0h) — 2.5 5 µA Serial Interface Inactive, CS = VIH, VDD = 5.5V — 0.55 1 mA Serial Interface Active, VDD = 5.5V, CS = VIHH, SCK @ 5 MHz, decrement volatile Wiper 0 (address 0h) Supply Current (Note 10) (Note 9) V/ms Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. DS22242A-page 4 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics Parameters Resistance (± 20%) Resolution Step Resistance Nominal Resistance Match All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Sym RAB RS (| RABWC RABMEAN |)/ RABMEAN RW Nominal Resistance Tempco RAB/T Ratiometeric Tempco VWB/T Resistance Tracking RTRACK Typ Max Units Conditions 4.0 5 6.0 k -502 devices(Note 1) 8.0 10 12.0 k -103 devices(Note 1) 40.0 50 60.0 k -503 devices(Note 1) 80.0 100 120.0 k -104 devices(Note 1) N (| RBWWC RBWMEAN |)/ RBWMEAN Wiper Resistance (Note 3, Note 4) Min 257 Taps 8-bit No Missing Codes 129 Taps 7-bit No Missing Codes — RAB/ (256) — 8-bit Note 6 — RAB/ (128) — 7-bit Note 6 — 0.2 1.50 % 5 k MCP43X1 devices only — 0.2 1.25 % 10 k — 0.2 1.0 % 50 k — 0.2 1.0 % 100 k — 0.25 1.75 % 5 k — 0.25 1.50 % 10 k — 0.25 1.25 % 50 k — 0.25 1.25 % 100 k — 75 160 VDD = 5.5 V, IW = 2.0 mA, code = 00h — 75 300 VDD = 2.7 V, IW = 2.0 mA, code = 00h — 50 — ppm/°C TA = -20°C to +70°C — 100 — ppm/°C TA = -40°C to +85°C — 150 — ppm/°C TA = -40°C to +125°C — 15 — ppm/°C Code = Mid-scale (80h or 40h) Section 2.0 Code = Full Scale ppm/°C See Section 2.0 “Typical Performance Curves” Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 5 MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Resistor Terminal Input Voltage Range (Terminals A, B and W) VA,VW,VB Vss — VDD V Maximum current through A, W or B IW — — 2.5 mA Worst case current through wiper when wiper is either Full Scale or Zero Scale. (Note 6) Leakage current into A, W or B IWL — 100 — nA MCP43X1 PxA = PxW = PxB = VSS — 100 — nA MCP43X2 PxB = PxW = VSS Note 5, Note 6 Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. DS22242A-page 6 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Full Scale Error (MCP43X1 only) (8-bit code = 100h, 7-bit code = 80h) VWFSE -6.0 -0.1 — LSb -4.0 -0.1 — LSb -3.5 -0.1 — LSb -2.0 -0.1 — LSb -0.8 -0.1 — LSb -0.5 -0.1 — LSb -0.5 -0.1 — LSb -0.5 -0.1 — LSb — +0.1 +6.0 LSb Zero Scale Error (MCP43X1 only) (8-bit code = 00h, 7-bit code = 00h) VWZSE Potentiometer Integral Non-linearity INL Potentiometer Differential Non-linearity DNL Bandwidth -3 dB (See Figure 2-92, load = 30 pF) BW — +0.1 +3.0 LSb — +0.1 +3.5 LSb — +0.1 +2.0 LSb — +0.1 +0.8 LSb — +0.1 +0.5 LSb — +0.1 +0.5 LSb — +0.1 +0.5 LSb Conditions 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 5 k 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 10 k 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 5 k 10 k 50 k 100 k 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 50 k 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 100 k 8-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V 7-bit 3.0V VDD 5.5V -1 ±0.5 +1 LSb 8-bit -0.5 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb 7-bit -0.5 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb 8-bit -0.25 ±0.125 +0.25 LSb 7-bit — 2 — MHz 5 k — 2 — MHz — 1 — MHz — 1 — MHz — 200 — kHz — 200 — kHz — 100 — kHz — 100 — kHz 10 k 50 k 100 k 3.0V VDD 5.5V MCP43X1 devices only (Note 2) 3.0V VDD 5.5V MCP43X1 devices only (Note 2) 8-bit Code = 80h 7-bit Code = 40h 8-bit Code = 80h 7-bit Code = 40h 8-bit Code = 80h 7-bit Code = 40h 8-bit Code = 80h 7-bit Code = 40h Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 7 MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Parameters Sym Rheostat Integral Non-linearity MCP43X1 (Note 4, Note 8) MCP43X2 devices only (Note 4) R-INL Min Typ Max Units -1.5 ±0.5 +1.5 LSb -8.25 +4.5 +8.25 LSb Conditions 5 k 8-bit 3.0V, IW = 480 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 190 µA -1.125 ±0.5 +1.125 LSb -6.0 +4.5 +6.0 LSb -1.5 ±0.5 +1.5 LSb -5.5 +2.5 +5.5 LSb 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 900 µA 3.0V, IW = 480 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 190 µA 10 k 8-bit 5.5V, IW = 450 µA 3.0V, IW = 240 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 150 µA -1.125 ±0.5 +1.125 LSb -4.0 +2.5 +4.0 LSb -1.5 ±0.5 +1.5 LSb -2.0 +1 +2.0 LSb 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 450 µA 3.0V, IW = 240 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 150 µA 50 k 8-bit 5.5V, IW = 90 µA 3.0V, IW = 48 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 30 µA -1.125 ±0.5 +1.125 LSb -1.5 +1 +1.5 LSb -1.0 ±0.5 +1.0 LSb -1.5 +0.25 +1.5 LSb 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 90 µA 3.0V, IW = 48 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 30 µA 100 k 8-bit 5.5V, IW = 45 µA 3.0V, IW = 24 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 15 µA -0.8 ±0.5 +0.8 LSb -1.125 +0.25 +1.125 LSb Section 2.0 5.5V, IW = 900 µA 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 45 µA 3.0V, IW = 24 µA (Note 7) 1.8V, IW = 15 µA Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. DS22242A-page 8 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Parameters Sym Rheostat Differential Non-linearity MCP43X1 (Note 4, Note 8) MCP43X2 devices only (Note 4) R-DNL Min Typ Max Units -0.5 -1.0 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb +0.5 +1.0 LSb Conditions 5 k 8-bit 3.0V, IW = 480 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 190 µA -0.375 ±0.25 +0.375 LSb -0.75 +0.5 +0.75 LSb -0.5 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb -1.0 +0.25 +1.0 LSb 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 900 µA 3.0V, IW = 480 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 190 µA 10 k 8-bit 5.5V, IW = 450 µA 3.0V, IW = 240 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 150 µA -0.375 ±0.25 +0.375 LSb -0.75 +0.5 +0.75 LSb -0.5 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb -0.5 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 450 µA 3.0V, IW = 240 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 150 µA 50 k 8-bit 5.5V, IW = 90 µA 3.0V, IW = 48 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 30 µA -0.375 ±0.25 +0.375 LSb -0.375 ±0.25 +0.375 LSb -0.5 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb -0.5 ±0.25 +0.5 LSb 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 90 µA 3.0V, IW = 48 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 30 µA 100 k 8-bit 5.5V, IW = 45 µA 3.0V, IW = 24 µA (Note 7) Section 2.0 1.8V, IW = 15 µA -0.375 ±0.25 +0.375 LSb -0.375 ±0.25 +0.375 LSb Section 2.0 5.5V, IW = 900 µA 7-bit 5.5V, IW = 45 µA 3.0V, IW = 24 µA (Note 7) 1.8V, IW = 30 µA Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 9 MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Capacitance (PA) CAW — 75 — pF f =1 MHz, Code = Full Scale Capacitance (Pw) CW — 120 — pF f =1 MHz, Code = Full Scale Capacitance (PB) CBW — 75 — pF f =1 MHz, Code = Full Scale — V 2.7V VDD 5.5V (Allows 2.7V Digital VDD with 5V Analog VDD) 1.8V VDD 2.7V Digital Inputs/Outputs (CS, SDI, SDO, SCK, WP, RESET) 0.45 VD — Schmitt Trigger High Input Threshold VIH 0.5 VDD — — V Schmitt Trigger Low Input Threshold VIL — — 0.2VDD V Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger Inputs VHYS — 0.1VDD — V High Voltage Input Entry Voltage VIHH 8.5 — 12.5 (6) V High Voltage Input Exit Voltage VIHH — — VDD + 0.8V V High Voltage Limit VMAX — — 12.5 (6) V Pin can tolerate VMAX or less. Output Low Voltage (SDO) VOL VSS — 0.3VDD V IOL = 5 mA, VDD = 5.5V VSS — 0.3VDD V IOL = 1 mA, VDD = 1.8V Output High Voltage (SDO) VOH 0.7VDD — VDD V IOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 5.5V 0.7VDD — VDD V IOL = -1 mA, VDD = 1.8V D Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. DS22242A-page 10 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X AC/DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) DC Characteristics All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Weak Pull-up Current IPU — — 1.75 mA Internal VDD pull-up, VIHH pull-down, VDD = 5.5V, VCS = 12.5V — 170 — µA CS pin, VDD = 5.5V, VCS = 3V CS Pull-up/ Pull-down Resistance RCS — 16 — k VDD = 5.5V, VCS = 3V RESET Pull-up Resistance RRESET — 16 — k VDD = 5.5V, VRESET = 0V Input Leakage Current IIL -1 — 1 µA VIN = VDD (all pins) and VIN = VSS (all pins except RESET) CIN, COUT — 10 — pF fC = 20 MHz 0h — 1FFh hex 8-bit device — 1FFh hex 7-bit device hex All terminals connected Pin Capacitance Conditions RAM (Wiper, TCON) Value Value Range N 0h TCON POR/BOR Setting Wiper POR/BOR Setting 1FF N 080h hex 8-bit 040h hex 7-bit Power Requirements Power Supply Sensitivity (MCP43X1) PSS — 0.0015 0.0035 %/% 8-bit VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, VA = 2.7V, Code = 80h — 0.0015 0.0035 %/% 7-bit VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, VA = 2.7V, Code = 40h Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Resistance is defined as the resistance between terminal A to terminal B. INL and DNL are measured at VW with VA = VDD and VB = VSS. MCP43X1 only. MCP43X2 only, includes VWZSE and VWFSE. Resistor terminals A, W and B’s polarity with respect to each other is not restricted. This specification by design. Non-linearity is affected by wiper resistance (RW), which changes significantly over voltage and temperature. 8: The MCP43X1 is externally connected to match the configurations of the MCP43X2, and then tested. 9: POR/BOR is not rate dependent. 10: Supply current is independent of current through the resistor network. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 11 MCP433X/435X 1.1 SPI Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements RESET tRST tRSTD SCK Wx FIGURE 1-1: TABLE 1-1: Reset Waveforms. RESET TIMING Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature –40°C TA +125°C (extended) Timing Characteristics Parameters All parameters apply across the specified operating ranges unless noted. VDD = +2.7V to 5.5V, 5 k, 10 k, 50 k, 100 k devices. Typical specifications represent values for VDD = 5.5V, TA = +25°C. Sym Min Typ Max Units RESET pulse width tRST 50 — — ns RESET rising edge normal mode (Wiper driving and SPI interface operational) tRSTD — — 20 ns DS22242A-page 12 Conditions 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X VIHH VIH CS VIH VIL 84 70 72 SCK 83 71 78 79 80 MSb SDO LSb BIT6 - - - - - -1 77 75, 76 SDI MSb IN BIT6 - - - -1 LSb IN 74 73 FIGURE 1-2: TABLE 1-2: # SPI Timing Waveform (Mode = 11). SPI REQUIREMENTS (MODE = 11) Characteristic SCK Input Frequency 70 CS Active (VIL or VIHH) to SCK input 71 SCK input high time 72 73 SCK input low time Setup time of SDI input to SCK edge Symbol Min FSCK — TcsA2scH TscH TscL TDIV2scH Max Units 10 MHz VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V — 1 MHz VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 60 — ns 45 — ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 500 — ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 45 — ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 500 — ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 10 — ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 20 — ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 74 Hold time of SDI input from SCK edge TscH2DIL 20 — ns 77 CS Inactive (VIH) to SDO output high-impedance TcsH2DOZ — 50 ns 80 SDO data output valid after SCK edge TscL2DOV — 83 CS Inactive (VIH) after SCK edge TscH2csI 100 Hold time of CS Inactive (VIH) to CS Active (VIL or VIHH) Note 1: TcsA2csI 50 Note 1 70 ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 170 ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V ms VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V — 1 84 Conditions — ns This specification by design. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 13 MCP433X/435X VIH VIHH VIH 82 CS VIL 84 70 SCK 83 71 MSb SDO BIT6 - - - - - -1 LSb 75, 76 73 SDI 80 72 MSb IN 77 BIT6 - - - -1 LSb IN 74 FIGURE 1-3: TABLE 1-3: # SPI Timing Waveform (Mode = 00). SPI REQUIREMENTS (MODE = 00) Characteristic SCK Input Frequency Symbol FSCK Min Max Units Conditions — 10 MHz VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V — 1 MHz VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 70 CS Active (VIL or VIHH) to SCK input TcsA2scH 60 — ns 71 SCK input high time TscH 45 — ns 72 SCK input low time TscL 500 — ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 73 Setup time of SDI input to SCK edge TDIV2scH 10 — ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 20 — ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 74 Hold time of SDI input from SCK edge TscH2DIL 20 — ns 77 CS Inactive (VIH) to SDO output high-impedance TcsH2DOZ — 50 ns Note 1 80 SDO data output valid after SCK edge TscL2DOV — 70 ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 170 ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 82 SDO data output valid after CS Active (VIL or VIHH) TssL2doV — 85 ns 83 CS Inactive (VIH) after SCK edge TscH2csI 100 — 500 — ns VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V 45 — ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 1 84 Hold time of CS Inactive (VIH) to CS Active (VIL or VIHH) Note 1: TcsA2csI VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V 50 — ns VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V ms VDD = 1.8V to 2.7V ns This specification by design. DS22242A-page 14 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = +2.7V to +5.5V, VSS = GND. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Specified Temperature Range TA -40 — +125 °C Operating Temperature Range TA -40 — +125 °C Storage Temperature Range TA -65 — +150 °C Thermal Resistance, 14L-TSSOP JA — 100 — °C/W Thermal Resistance, 20L-QFN JA — 43 — °C/W Thermal Resistance, 20L-TSSOP JA — 90 — °C/W Conditions Temperature Ranges Thermal Package Resistances 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 15 MCP433X/435X NOTES: DS22242A-page 16 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 2.0 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. 250 2.7V -40°C 2.7V 25°C 2.7V 85°C 2.7V 125°C 5.5V -40°C 5.5V 25°C 5.5V 85°C 5.5V 125°C 200 ICS 150 100 50 RCS 0 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 fSCK (MHz) 10.00 2 12.00 FIGURE 2-1: Device Current (IDD) vs. SPI Frequency (fSCK) and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 2.7V and 5.5V). 3 4 5 6 7 VCS (V) 8 9 10 FIGURE 2-3: CS Pull-up/Pull-down Resistance (RCS) and Current (ICS) vs. CS Input Voltage (VCS) (VDD = 5.5V). 3.0 12 2.5 CS VPP Threshold (V) Standby Current (Istby) (μA) 1000 800 600 400 200 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 ICS (μA) 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.00 RCS (kOhms) Operating Current (IDD) (μA) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 5.5V 2.0 1.5 1.0 2.7V 0.5 0.0 10 5.5V Entry 8 2.7V Entry 5.5V Exit 6 4 2.7V Exit 2 0 -40 25 85 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-2: Device Current (ISHDN) and VDD. (CS = VDD) vs. Ambient Temperature. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) 120 FIGURE 2-4: CS High Input Entry/Exit Threshold vs. Ambient Temperature and VDD. DS22242A-page 17 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 0.1 80 0 60 -0.1 20 0 100 -0.2 RW -0.3 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) 32 -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 260 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL INL 220 0.1 180 0 140 RW 100 -0.1 125°C 60 -40°C 20 0 32 25°C -0.2 85°C 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 0.5 0.2 1500 0.1 0 1000 DNL RW 0 0 Note: 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) -0.2 FIGURE 2-7: 5 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V). -0.75 RW -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 6 INL 4 180 2 140 RW 100 0 -40°C 60 125°C 20 0 32 85°C 25°C DNL -2 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) FIGURE 2-9: 5 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 480 µA). -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 118 98 INL 78 1500 58 1000 38 500 RW -0.3 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. DS22242A-page 18 DNL -40°C -1.25 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) 2000 -0.1 500 32 2500 0.4 0.3 INL 2000 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 85°C 25°C FIGURE 2-8: 5 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 900 µA). -0.3 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) FIGURE 2-6: 5 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V). 2500 40 220 DNL 0.75 -0.25 260 0.2 1.25 60 300 0.3 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 0.25 0 Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 300 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 80 20 FIGURE 2-5: 5 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V). 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL INL 125°C Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 125°C -40°C 25°C 85°C -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Error (LSb) 0.2 INL DNL 40 120 Error (LSb) 0.3 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL DNL 0 0 Note: 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) Error (LSb) 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 100 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 120 18 -2 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-10: 5 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 260 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 5300 6000 5250 5000 Resistance () Nominal Resistance (RAB) (Ohms) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 2.7V 5200 5150 5.5V 4000 3000 2000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 1.8V 5100 1000 5050 -40 0 40 80 Ambient Temperature (°C) 0 120 FIGURE 2-11: 5 k – Nominal Resistance (RAB) () vs. Ambient Temperature and VDD. 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-12: 5 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 190 µA). 6000 Resistance () 5000 4000 3000 2000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 1000 0 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-13: 5 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 190 µA). 7000 Resistance () 6000 5000 4000 3000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 2000 1000 0 0 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-14: 5 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 190 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 19 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 2.50% CH0 CH2 52 50 PPM / °C 1.50% Error % 54 -40C +25C +85C +125C 0.50% -0.50% CH1 CH3 48 46 44 -1.50% 42 40 -2.50% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code Wiper Code FIGURE 2-15: 5 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 190 µA). 2.50% 256 100 CH0 CH2 95 90 PPM / °C Error % 224 FIGURE 2-18: 5 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 190 µA). -40C +25C +85C +125C 1.50% 192 0.50% -0.50% CH1 CH3 85 80 75 70 -1.50% 65 60 -2.50% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 32 64 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-16: 5 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 190 µA). 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-19: 5 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 190 µA). 500 2.00% 1.00% 0 0.00% PPM / °C Error % -1.00% -2.00% -3.00% -4.00% -40C +25C +85C +125C -5.00% -6.00% -7.00% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 -500 -1000 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-17: 5 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 190 µA). DS22242A-page 20 CH1 CH3 -2000 256 0 Wiper Code Note: CH0 CH2 -1500 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-20: 5 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 190 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. FIGURE 2-21: 5 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-24: 5 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-22: 5 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-25: 5 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-23: 5 k – Power-Up Wiper Response Time (20 ms/Div). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 21 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 0.1 80 0 60 -0.1 25°C -40°C 125°C 85°C -0.2 RW 20 0 100 -0.3 256 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 260 220 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL INL DNL 0.1 180 0 140 100 60 25°C 125°C 85°C 20 0 32 -0.2 -40°C 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 3000 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL INL 2500 0.4 0.3 0.2 2000 DNL 0.1 1500 0 1000 -0.1 500 RW 0 0 Note: 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) -0.2 FIGURE 2-28: 10 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V). DS22242A-page 22 260 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 4 3 INL 220 2 180 1 140 0 100 -40°C 60 0 DNL RW -1 -2 256 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) FIGURE 2-30: 10 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 240 µA). -40C Rw 125C Rw 85C INL 25C DNL 3500 3000 25C Rw -40C INL 125C INL 85C DNL INL 2000 1500 1000 RW 500 DNL 0 0 Note: 98 88 78 68 58 48 38 28 18 8 -2 256 85C Rw 25C INL -40C DNL 125C DNL 2500 -0.3 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. -0.5 DNL -1 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 4000 0.5 Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW)(ohms) 3500 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL RW -40°C 20 0.6 -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 32 85°C 25°C 125°C 85°C 25°C -0.3 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) FIGURE 2-27: 10 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V). 4000 40 300 -0.1 RW 0 60 FIGURE 2-29: 10 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 450 µA). 0.3 0.2 1 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 80 0 Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 300 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 0.5 20 FIGURE 2-26: 10 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V). 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL INL 125°C Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 40 -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Error (LSb) 0.2 INL DNL 120 Error (LSb) 0.3 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) Error (LSb) 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 100 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 120 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-31: 10 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 125 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 12000 10250 10000 10200 Resistance () Nominal Resistance (RAB) (Ohms) 10300 10150 10100 2.7V 10050 10000 5.5V 9950 1.8V 9850 0 40 80 Ambient Temperature (°C) 6000 4000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 2000 9900 -40 8000 0 120 FIGURE 2-32: 10 k – Nominal Resistance (RAB) () vs. Ambient Temperature and VDD. 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-33: 10 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 150 µA). 12000 Resistance () 10000 8000 6000 4000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 2000 0 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-34: 10 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 150 µA). 12000 Resistance () 10000 8000 6000 4000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 2000 0 0 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-35: 10 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 150 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 23 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 1.50% -40C +85C 1.00% 45 40 PPM / °C 0.50% Error % 50 +25C +125C 0.00% -0.50% 35 30 25 20 -1.00% CH0 CH2 15 10 -1.50% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 32 64 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-36: 10 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 150 µA). 1.50% -40C +85C 1.00% 224 256 55 50 PPM / °C Error % 192 60 0.00% -0.50% 45 40 35 30 -1.00% CH0 CH2 25 CH1 CH3 20 -1.50% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 32 64 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-37: 10 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 150 µA). 1.50% -40C +85C 1.00% 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-40: 10 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 150 µA). 200 +25C +125C 0 -200 PPM / °C 0.50% Error % 96 128 160 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-39: 10 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 150 µA). +25C +125C 0.50% 0.00% -0.50% -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1.00% CH0 CH2 -1200 CH1 CH3 -1400 -1.50% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 Wiper Code Note: CH1 CH3 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-38: 10 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 150 µA). DS22242A-page 24 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Code See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-41: 10 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 150 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. FIGURE 2-42: 10 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-44: 10 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-43: 10 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-45: 10 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 25 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 0.1 80 0 60 -0.1 40 25°C 85°C 125°C 20 0 -40°C 100 -0.2 RW -0.3 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) 32 260 220 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 0.1 180 0 140 -0.1 RW 100 -0.2 -40°C 60 -0.1 40 32 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL DNL INL RW 0 Note: 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 256 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-48: 50 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V). DS22242A-page 26 RW -0.2 -0.3 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 1 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 0.75 INL 0.5 DNL 0.25 180 0 140 -0.25 RW 100 -0.5 -40°C 60 125°C Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL -40°C FIGURE 2-49: 50 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 90 µA). -0.3 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) FIGURE 2-47: 50 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V). 15000 14000 13000 12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 32 0 32 -0.75 85°C 25°C 20 64 -1 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) FIGURE 2-50: 50 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 48 µA). 15000 14000 13000 12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Wiper Resistance (Rw) (ohms) 0 85°C 25°C 125°C 125°C 85°C 25°C 20 0.1 0 220 INL DNL 0.2 60 260 0.2 0.3 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL DNL 300 0.3 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 80 0 Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL INL 20 FIGURE 2-46: 50 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V). 300 -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Error (LSb) 0.2 INL DNL 120 Error (LSb) 0.3 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL RW INL DNL 0 64 128 192 78.5 73.5 68.5 63.5 58.5 53.5 48.5 43.5 38.5 33.5 28.5 23.5 18.5 13.5 8.5 3.5 -1.5 Error (LSb) 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 100 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 120 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) Note: See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-51: 50 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 25 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 60000 52000 50000 51500 1.8V Resistance () Nominal Resistance (RAB) (Ohms) 52500 51000 50500 50000 2.7V 49500 0 40 80 Ambient Temperature (°C) 30000 20000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 10000 5.5V 49000 -40 40000 0 120 FIGURE 2-52: 50 k – Nominal Resistance (RAB) () vs. Ambient Temperature and VDD. 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-53: 50 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 90 µA). 60000 Resistance () 50000 40000 30000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 20000 10000 0 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-54: 50 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 48 µA). 60000 Resistance () 50000 40000 30000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 20000 10000 0 0 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-55: 50 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 30 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 27 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 7.00% -40C +85C 6.00% +25C +125C 4.00% PPM / °C Error % 5.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.00% -1.00% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 CH0 CH2 0 256 CH1 CH3 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code Wiper Code FIGURE 2-56: 50 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 90 µA). +25C +125C 10 8 PPM / °C 2.00% Error % 256 12 -40C +85C 3.00% 1.00% 0.00% 6 4 2 CH0 CH2 0 -1.00% CH1 CH3 -2 -2.00% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 32 64 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-57: 50 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 48 µA). 3.50% -40C +85C 0.50% 224 256 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -0.50% 192 200 +25C +125C 1.50% 96 128 160 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-60: 50 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 48 µA). PPM / °C 2.50% Error % 224 FIGURE 2-59: 50 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 90 µA). 4.00% CH0 CH2 -1200 CH1 CH3 -1400 -1.50% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 Wiper Code Note: 192 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-58: 50 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 30 µA). DS22242A-page 28 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Code See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-61: 50 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 30 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. FIGURE 2-62: 50 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-64: 50 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-63: 50 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-65: 50 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 29 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. DNL 0 60 -0.1 40 25°C -40°C -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 100 0.1 INL 80 120 RW -0.2 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 260 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL -0.1 40 -40°C 220 DNL 260 0 140 RW 60 -0.1 -40°C -0.15 125°C 85°C 25°C 20 0 32 0.25 0.05 15000 -0.05 10000 -0.15 5000 RW INL 0 Note: -0.25 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) DS22242A-page 30 -0.2 RW 100 60 -0.4 -40°C 125°C 85°C 25°C 32 -0.6 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) FIGURE 2-70: 100 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 24 µA). -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 25000 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 256 FIGURE 2-68: 100 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V). 0.4 0.2 DNL See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. 0.6 0 -0.35 0 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 140 0.35 0.15 DNL 20000 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL DNL 0 Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 25000 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL INL 20 FIGURE 2-67: 100 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V). 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL 180 -0.2 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL -0.3 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Setting (decimal) 220 -0.05 100 32 -0.2 FIGURE 2-69: 100 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 45 µA). 0.15 0.05 180 RW 125°C 85°C 25°C 300 0.1 INL 0.1 0 0.2 Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 300 0.2 60 0 FIGURE 2-66: 100 k Pot Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V). 0.3 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL DNL 80 20 Wiper Resistance (Rw) (ohms) 32 Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 0 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL INL 125°C 85°C 20 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL Error (LSb) 0.2 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL Error (LSb) 85C Rw 85C INL 85C DNL 0 Note: 64 128 192 Wiper Setting (decimal) 59 54 49 RW 44 39 INL 34 29 24 19 14 9 4 -1 256 125C Rw 125C INL 125C DNL Error (LSb) 100 25C Rw 25C INL 25C DNL Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) -40C Rw -40C INL -40C DNL Error (LSb) Wiper Resistance (RW) (ohms) 120 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-71: 100 k Rheo Mode – RW (), INL (LSb), DNL (LSb) vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 10 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 103500 103000 102500 102000 101500 101000 100500 100000 99500 99000 98500 120000 100000 Resistance () Nominal Resistance (RAB) (Ohms) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 1.8V 2.7V 0 40 80 Ambient Temperature (°C) 60000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 40000 20000 5.5V -40 80000 0 120 FIGURE 2-72: 100 k – Nominal Resistance (RAB) () vs. Ambient Temperature and VDD . 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-73: 100 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 45 µA). 120000 Resistance () 100000 80000 60000 40000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 20000 0 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-74: 100 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 24 µA). 120000 Resistance () 100000 80000 60000 40000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 20000 0 0 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-75: 100 k – RWB () vs. Wiper Setting and Ambient Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 15 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 31 MCP433X/435X 14.00% 13.00% 12.00% 11.00% 10.00% 9.00% 8.00% 7.00% 6.00% 5.00% 4.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.00% -1.00% -40C +85C 16 +25C +125C 14 12 PPM / °C Error % Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 10 8 6 4 CH0 CH2 2 0 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 32 64 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-76: 100 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 45 µA). 7.00% -40C +85C 6.00% 2.00% 256 14 12 10 8 6 1.00% 4 0.00% 2 CH0 CH2 CH1 CH3 0 -1.00% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code Wiper Code FIGURE 2-77: 100 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 24 µA). 192 224 256 FIGURE 2-80: 100 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 24 µA). 200 6.00% -40C +85C 5.00% +25C +125C 0 -200 PPM / °C 4.00% Error % 224 16 PPM / °C Error % 3.00% 192 18 +25C +125C 4.00% 96 128 160 Wiper Code FIGURE 2-79: 100 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 45 µA). 5.00% 3.00% 2.00% -400 -600 1.00% -800 0.00% -1000 CH0 CH2 CH1 CH3 -1200 -1.00% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 0 256 Wiper Code Note: CH1 CH3 See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-78: 100 k – Worst Case RBW from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) Error (%) vs. Wiper Setting and Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 15 µA). DS22242A-page 32 Note: 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Code See Appendix B: for additional information of RW resistance variation characteristics for VDD > 2.7V. FIGURE 2-81: 100 k – RWB PPM/°C vs. Wiper Setting. (RBW(code=n, 125°C)-RBW(code=n, -40°C) )/RBW(code = 256, 25°C)/165°C * 1,000,000) (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 15 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. FIGURE 2-82: 100 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-84: 100 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 5.5V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-83: 100 k – Low-Voltage Decrement Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). FIGURE 2-85: 100 k – Low-Voltage Increment Wiper Settling Time (VDD = 2.7V) (1 µs/Div). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 33 MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 2.4 0 2.2 -5 -10 5.5V IOH (mA) VIH (V) 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.7V 2.7V -15 -20 5.5V -25 -30 -35 1.2 -40 1 -45 -40 0 40 80 120 -40 0 Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-86: VIH (SDI, SCK, CS, and RESET) vs. VDD and Temperature. 1.3 5.5V IOL (mA) VIL (V) 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 2.7V 0.7 0.6 -40 0 40 80 120 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 120 5.5V 2.7V -40 Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-87: VIL (SDI, SCK, CS, and RESET) vs. VDD and Temperature. DS22242A-page 34 80 IOH (SDO) vs. VDD and FIGURE 2-88: Temperature. 1.4 1.2 40 Temperature (°C) 0 40 80 120 Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-89: Temperature. IOL (SDO) vs. VDD and 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V. 2.1 Test Circuits +5V 2 VDD (V) A VIN 1.6 1.2 B Offset GND 0.8 W + VOUT - 0.4 2.5V DC 0 -40 0 40 80 120 Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-90: and Temperature. POR/BOR Trip point vs. VDD 14.2 14.1 5.5V FIGURE 2-92: Measurement. floating VA A fsck (MHz) 14.0 -3 db Gain vs. Frequency VW W 13.9 IW 2.7V 13.8 13.7 B 13.6 VB RBW = VW / IW RW = (VW - VA) / IW 13.5 13.4 -40 0 40 80 120 FIGURE 2-93: RBW and RW Measurement. Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-91: SCK Input Frequency vs. Voltage and Temperature. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 35 MCP433X/435X NOTES: DS22242A-page 36 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 3.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1. Additional descriptions of the device pins follows. TABLE 3-1: PINOUT DESCRIPTION FOR THE MCP433X/435X Pin TSSOP QFN Symbol I/O Buffer Type Weak Pull-up/ down (Note 1) Standard Function 14L 20L 20L — 1 19 P3A A Analog No Potentiometer 3 Terminal A 1 2 20 P3W A Analog No Potentiometer 3 Wiper Terminal 2 3 1 P3B A Analog No Potentiometer 3 Terminal B 3 4 2 CS I HV w/ST “smart” SPI Chip Select Input 4 5 3 SCK I HV w/ST “smart” SPI Clock Input 5 6 4 SDI I HV w/ST “smart” SPI Serial Data Input 6 7 5 VSS — P — Ground 7 8 6 P1B A Analog No Potentiometer 1 Terminal B 8 9 7 P1W A Analog No Potentiometer 1 Wiper Terminal — 10 8 P1A A Analog No Potentiometer 1 Terminal A — 11 9 P0A A Analog No Potentiometer 0 Terminal A 9 12 10 P0W A Analog No Potentiometer 0 Wiper Terminal 10 13 11 P0B A Analog No Potentiometer 0 Terminal B — 14 12 NC I I — No Connect — 15 13 RESET I HV w/ST Yes Hardware Reset Pin 11 16 14 SDO O O No SPI Serial Data Output 12 17 15 VDD — P — Positive Power Supply Input 13 18 16 P2B A Analog No Potentiometer 2 Terminal B 14 19 17 P2W A Analog No Potentiometer 2 Wiper Terminal — 20 18 P2A A Analog No Potentiometer 2 Terminal A — — 21 EP — — — Exposed Pad. (Note 2) Legend: Note 1: 2: HV w/ST = High Voltage tolerant input (with Schmitt trigger input) A = Analog pins (Potentiometer terminals) I = digital input (high Z) O = digital output I/O = Input / Output P = Power The pin’s “smart” pull-up shuts off while the pin is forced low. This is done to reduce the standby and shutdown current. The QFN package has a contact on the bottom of the package. This contact is conductively connected to the die substrate, and therefore should be unconnected or connected to the same ground as the device’s VSS pin. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 37 MCP433X/435X 3.1 Chip Select (CS) The CS pin is the serial interface’s chip select input. Forcing the CS pin to VIL enables the serial commands. Forcing the CS pin to VIHH enables the high-voltage serial commands. 3.2 Serial Clock (SCK) The SCK pin is the serial interface's Serial Clock pin. This pin is connected to the host controllers SCK pin. The MCP43XX is an SPI slave device, so it’s SCK pin is an input only pin. 3.3 Serial Data In (SDI) The SDI pin is the serial interfaces Serial Data In pin. This pin is connected to the host controllers SDO pin. 3.4 Ground (VSS) The VSS pin is the device ground reference. 3.5 Potentiometer Terminal B The terminal B pin is connected to the internal potentiometer’s terminal B. The potentiometer’s terminal B is the fixed connection to the zero scale wiper value of the digital potentiometer. This corresponds to a wiper value of 0x00 for both 7-bit and 8-bit devices. The terminal B pin does not have a polarity relative to the terminal W or A pins. The terminal B pin can support both positive and negative current. The voltage on terminal B must be between VSS and VDD. MCP43XX devices have four terminal B pins, one for each resistor network. 3.6 Potentiometer Wiper (W) Terminal The terminal W pin is connected to the internal potentiometer’s terminal W (the wiper). The wiper terminal is the adjustable terminal of the digital potentiometer. The terminal W pin does not have a polarity relative to terminals A or B pins. The terminal W pin can support both positive and negative current. The voltage on terminal W must be between VSS and VDD. MCP43XX devices have four terminal W pins, one for each resistor network. DS22242A-page 38 3.7 Potentiometer Terminal A The terminal A pin is available on the MCP43X1 devices, and is connected to the internal potentiometer’s terminal A. The potentiometer’s terminal A is the fixed connection to the full scale wiper value of the digital potentiometer. This corresponds to a wiper value of 0x100 for 8-bit devices or 0x80 for 7-bit devices. The terminal A pin does not have a polarity relative to the terminal W or B pins. The terminal A pin can support both positive and negative current. The voltage on terminal A must be between VSS and VDD. The terminal A pin is not available on the MCP43X2 devices, and the internally terminal A signal is floating. MCP43X1 devices have four terminal A pins, one for each resistor network. 3.8 Not Connected (NC) The NC pin is not used. 3.9 Reset (RESET) The RESET pin is used to force the device into the POR/BOR state. 3.10 Serial Data Out (SDO) The SDO pin is the serial interfaces Serial Data Out pin. This pin is connected to the host controllers SDI pin. This pin allows the host controller to read the digital potentiometers registers, or monitor the state of the command error bit. 3.11 Positive Power Supply Input (VDD) The VDD pin is the device’s positive power supply input. The input power supply is relative to VSS. While the devices VDD is less than Vmin (2.7V), the electrical performance of the device may not meet the data sheet specifications. 3.12 Exposed Pad (EP) This pad is conductively connected to the device's substrate. This pad should be tied to the same potential as the VSS pin (or left unconnected). This pad could be used to assist as a heat sink for the device when connected to a PCB heat sink. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 4.0 FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW 4.1.2 BROWN-OUT RESET This data sheet covers a family of four volatile Digital Potentiometer and Rheostat devices that will be referred to as MCP43XX. The MCP43X1 devices are the Potentiometer configuration, while the MCP43X2 devices are the Rheostat configuration. When the device powers down, the device VDD will cross the VPOR/VBOR voltage. As the Device Block Diagram shows, there are four main functional blocks. These are: If the VDD voltage decreases below the VRAM voltage, the following happens: • • • • • Volatile wiper registers may become corrupted • TCON registers may become corrupted POR/BOR and Reset Operation Memory Map Resistor Network Serial Interface (SPI) The POR/BOR operation and the Memory Map are discussed in this section and the Resistor Network and SPI operation are described in their own sections. The Device Commands are discussed in Section 7.0. 4.1 POR/BOR and Reset Operation The Power-on Reset is the case where the device is having power applied to it from VSS. The Brown-out Reset occurs when a device had power applied to it, and that power (voltage) drops below the specified range. The devices RAM retention voltage (VRAM) is lower than the POR/BOR voltage trip point (VPOR/VBOR). The maximum VPOR/VBOR voltage is less than 1.8V. When VPOR/VBOR < VDD < 2.7V, the analog electrical performance may not meet the data sheet specifications. In this region, the device is capable of incrementing, decrementing, reading and writing to its volatile memory, if the proper serial command is executed. When VDD < VPOR/VBOR or the RESET pin is Low, the pin weak pull-ups are enabled. 4.1.1 POWER-ON RESET When the device powers up, the device VDD will cross the VPOR/VBOR voltage. Once the VDD voltage crosses the VPOR/VBOR voltage, the following happens: • Volatile wiper register is loaded with the default value • The TCON registers are loaded with their default value • The device is capable of digital operation 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Once the VDD voltage decreases below the VPOR/VBOR voltage the following happens: • Serial Interface is disabled As the voltage recovers above the VPOR/VBOR voltage, the operation is the same as Power-on Reset (see Section 4.1.1 “Power-on Reset”). Serial commands not completed due to a brown-out condition may cause the memory location to become corrupted. 4.1.3 RESET PIN The RESET pin can be used to force the device into the POR/BOR state of the device. When the RESET pin is forced Low, the device is forced into the Reset state. This means that the TCON registers are forced to their default values and the volatile wiper registers are loaded with the default value. Also the SPI interface is disabled. This feature allows a hardware method for all registers to be updated to the default value at the same time. 4.1.4 INTERACTION OF RESET PIN AND BOR/ POR CIRCUITRY Figure 4-1 shows how the RESET pin signal and the POR/BOR signal interact to control the hardware Reset state of the device. RESET (from pin) Device Reset POR/BOR signal FIGURE 4-1: POR/BOR Signal and RESET Pin Interaction. DS22242A-page 39 MCP433X/435X 4.2 Memory Map The device memory supports 16 locations that are 9-bits wide (16x9 bits). This memory space contains only volatile locations (see Table 4-2). 4.2.1 VOLATILE MEMORY (RAM) Volatile Wiper 0 Volatile Wiper 1 Volatile Wiper 2 Volatile Wiper 3 Terminal Control (TCON0) Register 0 Terminal Control (TCON)1 Register 1 TABLE 4-2: Address TABLE 4-1: STANDARD SETTINGS Resistance Typical Code RAB Value There are six volatile memory locations. These are: • • • • • • The volatile memory starts functioning at the RAM retention voltage (VRAM). The POR/BOR Wiper code is shown in Table 4-1. Wiper Default Code POR Wiper Setting 8-bit 7-bit -502 5.0 k Mid scale 80h 40h -103 10.0 k Mid scale 80h 40h -503 50.0 k Mid scale 80h 40h -104 100.0 k Mid scale 80h 40h MEMORY MAP AND THE SUPPORTED COMMANDS Function Memory Type Allowed Commands Disallowed Commands (1) Factory Initialization 00h Volatile Wiper 0 RAM Read, Write, Increment, Decrement — 7-bit 040h 8-bit 080h 01h Volatile Wiper 1 RAM Read, Write, Increment, Decrement — 7-bit 040h 02h Reserved — None All 03h Reserved 04h Volatile TCON0 Register 05h Reserved 06h Volatile Wiper 2 07h Volatile Wiper 3 08h Reserved 09h Reserved 0Ah Volatile TCON1 Register 0Bh-0Fh Reserved Note 1: 8-bit 080h — — None All — RAM Read, Write Increment, Decrement 1FFh — None All RAM Read, Write, Increment, Decrement — 7-bit 040h 8-bit 080h RAM Read, Write, Increment, Decrement — 7-bit 040h — None All — 8-bit 080h — — None All — RAM Read, Write Increment, Decrement 1FFh — None All — This command on this address will generate an error condition. To exit the error condition, the user must take the CS pin to the VIH level and then back to the active state (VIL or VIHH). DS22242A-page 40 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 4.2.1.1 Terminal Control (TCON) Registers disconnected from the resistor network. This allows the system to minimize the currents through the digital potentiometer. There are two Terminal Control (TCON) Registers. These are called TCON0 and TCON1. Each register contains 8 control bits. Four bits for each Wiper. Register 4-1 describes each bit of the TCON0 register, while Register 4-2 describes each bit of the TCON1 register. The value that is written to the specified TCON register will appear on the appropriate resistor network terminals when the serial command has completed. On a POR/BOR these registers are loaded with 1FFh (9-bits), for all terminals connected. The host controller needs to detect the POR/BOR event and then update the volatile TCON register values. The state of each resistor network terminal connection is individually controlled. That is, each terminal connection (A, B and W) can be individually connected/ REGISTER 4-1: TCON0 BITS (1) R-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 D8 R1HW R1A R1W R1B R0HW R0A R0W R0B bit 8 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 8 D8: Reserved. Forced to “1” bit 7 R1HW: Resistor 1 Hardware Configuration Control bit This bit forces Resistor 1 into the “shutdown” configuration of the Hardware pin 1 = Resistor 1 is NOT forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration 0 = Resistor 1 is forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration bit 6 R1A: Resistor 1 Terminal A (P1A pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 1 Terminal A to the Resistor 1 Network 1 = P1A pin is connected to the Resistor 1 Network 0 = P1A pin is disconnected from the Resistor 1 Network bit 5 R1W: Resistor 1 Wiper (P1W pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 1 Wiper to the Resistor 1 Network 1 = P1W pin is connected to the Resistor 1 Network 0 = P1W pin is disconnected from the Resistor 1 Network bit 4 R1B: Resistor 1 Terminal B (P1B pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 1 Terminal B to the Resistor 1 Network 1 = P1B pin is connected to the Resistor 1 Network 0 = P1B pin is disconnected from the Resistor 1 Network bit 3 R0HW: Resistor 0 Hardware Configuration Control bit This bit forces Resistor 0 into the “shutdown” configuration of the Hardware pin 1 = Resistor 0 is NOT forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration 0 = Resistor 0 is forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration bit 2 R0A: Resistor 0 Terminal A (P0A pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 0 Terminal A to the Resistor 0 Network 1 = P0A pin is connected to the Resistor 0 Network 0 = P0A pin is disconnected from the Resistor 0 Network bit 1 R0W: Resistor 0 Wiper (P0W pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 0 Wiper to the Resistor 0 Network 1 = P0W pin is connected to the Resistor 0 Network 0 = P0W pin is disconnected from the Resistor 0 Network bit 0 R0B: Resistor 0 Terminal B (P0B pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 0 Terminal B to the Resistor 0 Network 1 = P0B pin is connected to the Resistor 0 Network 0 = P0B pin is disconnected from the Resistor 0 Network Note 1: These bits do not affect the wiper register values. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 41 MCP433X/435X REGISTER 4-2: TCON1 BITS (1) R-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 D8 R3HW R3A R3W R3B R2HW R2A R2W R2B bit 8 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 8 D8: Reserved. Forced to “1” bit 7 R3HW: Resistor 3 Hardware Configuration Control bit This bit forces Resistor 3 into the “shutdown” configuration of the Hardware pin 1 = Resistor 3 is NOT forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration 0 = Resistor 3 is forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration bit 6 R3A: Resistor 3 Terminal A (P3A pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 3 Terminal A to the Resistor 3 Network 1 = P3A pin is connected to the Resistor 3 Network 0 = P3A pin is disconnected from the Resistor 3 Network bit 5 R3W: Resistor 3 Wiper (P3W pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 3 Wiper to the Resistor 3 Network 1 = P3W pin is connected to the Resistor 3 Network 0 = P3W pin is disconnected from the Resistor 3 Network bit 4 R3B: Resistor 3 Terminal B (P3B pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 3 Terminal B to the Resistor 3 Network 1 = P3B pin is connected to the Resistor 3 Network 0 = P3B pin is disconnected from the Resistor 3 Network bit 3 R2HW: Resistor 2 Hardware Configuration Control bit This bit forces Resistor 2 into the “shutdown” configuration of the Hardware pin 1 = Resistor 2 is NOT forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration 0 = Resistor 2 is forced to the hardware pin “shutdown” configuration bit 2 R2A: Resistor 2 Terminal A (P0A pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 2 Terminal A to the Resistor 2 Network 1 = P2A pin is connected to the Resistor 2 Network 0 = P2A pin is disconnected from the Resistor 2 Network bit 1 R2W: Resistor 2 Wiper (P0W pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 2 Wiper to the Resistor 2 Network 1 = P2W pin is connected to the Resistor 2 Network 0 = P2W pin is disconnected from the Resistor 2 Network bit 0 R2B: Resistor 2 Terminal B (P2B pin) Connect Control bit This bit connects/disconnects the Resistor 2 Terminal B to the Resistor 2 Network 1 = P2B pin is connected to the Resistor 2 Network 0 = P2B pin is disconnected from the Resistor 2 Network Note 1: These bits do not affect the wiper register values. DS22242A-page 42 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 5.0 RESISTOR NETWORK 5.1 The Resistor Network has either 7-bit or 8-bit resolution. Each Resistor Network allows zero scale to full scale connections. Figure 5-1 shows a block diagram for the resistive network of a device. The Resistor Network is made up of several parts. These include: • Resistor Ladder • Wiper • Shutdown (Terminal Connections) Devices have either four resistor networks. These are referred to as Pot 0, Pot 1, Pot 2 and Pot 3. A RW RS RW RS RW R RAB S 8-Bit N= 257 (1) (100h) 7-Bit N= 128 (80h) 256 (1) (FFh) 127 (7Fh) 255 (FEh) 126 (7Eh) (1) RW RS RW 1 (01h) 0 (00h) 0 (00h) (1) The resistor ladder is a series of equal value resistors (RS) with a connection point (tap) between the two resistors. The total number of resistors in the series (ladder) determines the RAB resistance (see Figure 5-1). The end points of the resistor ladder are connected to analog switches which are connected to the device terminal A and terminal B pins. The RAB (and RS) resistance has small variations over voltage and temperature. For an 8-bit device, there are 256 resistors in a string between terminal A and terminal B. The wiper can be set to tap onto any of these 256 resistors thus providing 257 possible settings (including terminal A and terminal B). For a 7-bit device, there are 128 resistors in a string between terminal A and terminal B. The wiper can be set to tap onto any of these 128 resistors thus providing 129 possible settings (including terminal A and terminal B). Equation 5-1 shows the calculation for the step resistance. EQUATION 5-1: W 1 (1) (01h) Resistor Ladder Module RS CALCULATION RAB RS = ------------ 256 8-bit Device R AB R S = ------------- 128 7-bit Device Analog Mux B Note 1: The wiper resistance is dependent on several factors including, wiper code, device VDD, Terminal voltages (on A, B and W), and temperature. Also for the same conditions, each tap selection resistance has a small variation. This RW variation has greater effects on some specifications (such as INL) for the smaller resistance devices (5.0 k) compared to larger resistance devices (100.0 k). FIGURE 5-1: Resistor Block Diagram. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 43 MCP433X/435X 5.2 Wiper TABLE 5-1: Each tap point (between the RS resistors) is a connection point for an analog switch. The opposite side of the analog switch is connected to a common signal which is connected to the Terminal W (Wiper) pin. A value in the volatile wiper register selects which analog switch to close, connecting the W terminal to the selected node of the resistor ladder. The wiper can connect directly to Terminal B or to Terminal A. A zero scale connection, connects the Terminal W (wiper) to Terminal B (wiper setting of 000h). A full scale connection, connects the Terminal W (wiper) to Terminal A (wiper setting of 100h or 80h). In these configurations the only resistance between the Terminal W and the other Terminal (A or B) is that of the analog switches. A wiper setting value greater than full scale (wiper setting of 100h for 8-bit device or 80h for 7-bit devices) will also be a full scale setting (Terminal W (wiper) connected to Terminal A). Table 5-1 illustrates the full wiper setting map. VOLATILE WIPER VALUE VS. WIPER POSITION MAP Wiper Setting Properties 7-bit 8-bit 3FFh081h 3FFh101h Reserved (Full Scale (W = A)), Increment and Decrement commands ignored 080h 100h Full Scale (W = A), Increment commands ignored 07Fh041h 0FFh081h W=N 040h 080h W = N (Mid Scale) 03Fh001h 07Fh001h W=N 000h 000h Zero Scale (W = B) Decrement command ignored Equation 5-2 illustrates the calculation used to determine the resistance between the wiper and terminal B. EQUATION 5-2: RWB CALCULATION R AB N R WB = -------------- + R W 256 8-bit Device N = 0 to 256 (decimal) R AB N R WB = -------------- + R W 128 7-bit Device N = 0 to 128 (decimal) DS22242A-page 44 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Shutdown Shutdown is used to minimize the device’s current consumption. The MCP43XX has one method to achieve this: • Terminal Control Register (TCON) This is different from the MCP42XXX devices in that the Hardware Shutdown pin (SHDN) has been replaced by a RESET pin. The Hardware Shutdown pin function is still available via software commands to the TCON register. 5.3.1 TERMINAL CONTROL REGISTER (TCON) The Terminal Control (TCON) register is a volatile register used to configure the connection of each resistor network terminal pin (A, B and W) to the Resistor Network. These registers are shown in Register 4-1 and Register 4-2. The RxHW bit does NOT corrupt the values in the Volatile Wiper Registers nor the TCON register. When the Shutdown mode is exited (RxHW bit = 1): • The device returns to the Wiper setting specified by the Volatile Wiper value • The TCON register bits return to controlling the terminal connection state A Resistor Network 5.3 W B FIGURE 5-2: Resistor Network Shutdown State (RxHW = 0). The RxHW bit forces the selected resistor network into the same state as the MCP42X1’s SHDN pin. Alternate low-power configurations may be achieved with the RxA, RxW and RxB bits. When the RxHW bit is “0”: • The P0A, P1A, P2A and P3A terminals are disconnected • The P0W, P1W, P2W and P3W terminals are simultaneously connect to the P0B, P1B, P2B and P3B terminals, respectively (see Figure 5-2) Note: When the RxHW bit forces the resistor network into the hardware SHDN state, the state of the TCON0 or TCON1 register’s RxA, RxW and RxB bits is overridden (ignored). When the state of the RxHW bit no longer forces the resistor network into the hardware SHDN state, the TCON0 or TCON1 register’s RxA, RxW and RxB bits return to controlling the terminal connection state. In other words, the RxHW bit does not corrupt the state of the RxA, RxW and RxB bits. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 45 MCP433X/435X NOTES: DS22242A-page 46 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 6.0 SERIAL INTERFACE (SPI) The MCP43XX devices support the SPI serial protocol. This SPI operates in the Slave mode (does not generate the serial clock). The SPI interface uses up to four pins. These are: • • • • CS – Chip Select SCK – Serial Clock SDI – Serial Data In SDO – Serial Data Out Typical SPI Interface is shown in Figure 6-1. In the SPI interface, the Master’s Output pin is connected to the Slave’s Input pin and the Master’s Input pin is connected to the Slave’s Output pin. The MCP4XXX SPI’s module supports two (of the four) standard SPI modes. These are Mode 0,0 and 1,1. The SPI mode is determined by the state of the SCK pin (VIH or VIL) on the when the CS pin transitions from inactive (VIH) to active (VIL or VIHH). All SPI interface signals are high-voltage tolerant. Typical SPI Interface Connections Host Controller MCP4XXX SDO (Master Out – Slave In (MOSI)) SDI SDI (Master In – Slave Out (MISO)) SDO SCK SCK I/O (1) CS Note 1: If high voltage commands are desired, some type of external circuitry needs to be implemented. FIGURE 6-1: Typical SPI Interface Block Diagram. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 47 MCP433X/435X 6.1 SDI, SDO, SCK, and CS Operation The operation of the four SPI interface pins are discussed in this section. These pins are: • • • • SDI (Serial Data In) SDO (Serial Data Out) SCK (Serial Clock) CS (Chip Select) SERIAL DATA IN (SDI) The Serial Data In (SDI) signal is the data signal into the device. The value on this pin is latched on the rising edge of the SCK signal. 6.1.2 SERIAL DATA OUT (SDO) The Serial Data Out (SDO) signal is the data signal out of the device. The value on this pin is driven on the falling edge of the SCK signal. Once the CS pin is forced to the active level (VIL or VIHH), the SDO pin will be driven. The state of the SDO pin is determined by the serial bit’s position in the command, the command selected, and if there is a command error state (CMDERR). 6.1.3 THE CS SIGNAL The Chip Select (CS) signal is used to select the device and frame a command sequence. To start a command, or sequence of commands, the CS signal must transition from the inactive state (VIH) to an active state (VIL or VIHH). After the CS signal has gone active, the SDO pin is driven and the clock bit counter is reset. The serial interface works on either 8-bit or 16-bit boundaries depending on the selected command. The Chip Select (CS) pin frames the SPI commands. 6.1.1 6.1.4 SERIAL CLOCK (SCK) (SPI FREQUENCY OF OPERATION) The SPI interface is specified to operate up to 10 MHz. The actual clock rate depends on the configuration of the system and the serial command used. Table 6-1 shows the SCK frequency. Note: There is a required delay after the CS pin goes active to the 1st edge of the SCK pin. If an error condition occurs for an SPI command, then the command byte’s Command Error (CMDERR) bit (on the SDO pin) will be driven low (VIL). To exit the error condition, the user must take the CS pin to the VIH level. When the CS pin returns to the inactive state (VIH) the SPI module resets (including the Address Pointer). While the CS pin is in the inactive state (VIH), the serial interface is ignored. This allows the host controller to interface to other SPI devices using the same SDI, SDO and SCK signals. The CS pin has an internal pull-up resistor. The resistor is disabled when the voltage on the CS pin is at the VIL level. This means that when the CS pin is not driven, the internal pull-up resistor will pull this signal to the VIH level. When the CS pin is driven low (VIL), the resistance becomes very large to reduce the device current consumption. The high voltage capability of the CS pin allows High Voltage commands. Support of High Voltage commands allows circuit compatibility with the corresponding nonvolatile device. SCK FREQUENCY (1) TABLE 6-1: Command Memory Type Access Volatile Memory Note 1: SDI, SDO Read Write, Increment, Decrement 10 MHz 10 MHz This is the maximum clock frequency without an external pull-up resistor. DS22242A-page 48 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 6.2 The SPI Modes 6.2.2 In Mode 1,1: SCK Idle state = high (VIH), data is clocked in on the SDI pin on the rising edge of SCK and clocked out on the SDO pin on the falling edge of SCK. The SPI module supports two (of the four) standard SPI modes. These are Mode 0,0 and 1,1. The mode is determined by the state of the SDI pin on the rising edge of the 1st clock bit (of the 8-bit byte). 6.2.1 6.3 MODE 0,0 VIH SPI Waveforms Figure 6-2 through Figure 6-5 show the different SPI command waveforms. Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 are read and write commands. Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5 are Increment and Decrement commands. Support of High Voltage commands allows circuit compatibility with the corresponding nonvolatile device. In Mode 0,0: SCK Idle state = low (VIL), data is clocked in on the SDI pin on the rising edge of SCK and clocked out on the SDO pin on the falling edge of SCK. CS MODE 1,1 VIHH VIL SCK Write to SSPBUF CMDERR bit SDO bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 SDI AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 C1 bit10 bit9 bit8 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 X bit9 D8 bit8 D7 bit7 D6 bit6 D5 bit5 D4 bit4 D3 bit3 D2 D1 bit2 bit1 D0 bit0 C0 Input Sample FIGURE 6-2: VIH CS 16-Bit Commands (Write, Read) – SPI Waveform (Mode 1,1). VIHH VIL SCK Write to SSPBUF SDO SDI CMDERR bit bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 C1 bit10 bit9 bit8 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 X bit9 D8 bit8 D7 bit7 D6 bit6 D5 bit5 D4 bit4 D3 bit3 D2 D1 bit2 bit1 C0 bit1 bit0 D0 bit0 Input Sample FIGURE 6-3: 16-Bit Commands (Write, Read) – SPI Waveform (Mode 0,0). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 49 MCP433X/435X CS VIH VIHH VIL SCK Write to SSPBUF CMDERR bit “1” = Valid Command “0” = Invalid Command SDO bit7 SDI AD3 bit6 AD2 bit5 AD1 bit4 AD0 bit3 C1 bit2 C0 bit1 X bit0 X bit0 bit7 Input Sample FIGURE 6-4: VIH CS 8-Bit Commands (Increment, Decrement) – SPI Waveform with PIC MCU (Mode 1,1). VIHH VIL SCK Write to SSPBUF SDO SDI CMDERR bit “1” = Valid Command “0” = Invalid Command bit7 AD3 bit7 bit6 AD2 bit5 AD1 bit4 AD0 bit3 C1 bit2 C0 bit1 X bit0 X bit0 Input Sample FIGURE 6-5: DS22242A-page 50 8-Bit Commands (Increment, Decrement) – SPI Waveform with PIC MCU (Mode 0,0). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 7.0 DEVICE COMMANDS 7.1 Command Byte The command byte has three fields, the address, the command, and 2 data bits, see Figure 7-1. Currently only one of the data bits is defined (D8). This is for the Write command. The MCP43XX’s SPI command format supports 16 memory address locations and four commands. Each command has two modes: • Normal Serial Commands • High-Voltage Serial Commands The device memory is accessed when the master sends a proper command byte to select the desired operation. The memory location getting accessed is contained in the command byte’s AD3:AD0 bits. The action desired is contained in the command byte’s C1:C0 bits, see Table 7-1. C1:C0 determines if the desired memory location will be read, written, incremented (wiper setting +1) or decremented (wiper setting -1). The Increment and Decrement commands are only valid on the volatile wiper registers. Normal serial commands are those where the CS pin is driven to VIL. With high-voltage serial commands, the CS pin is driven to VIHH. In each mode, there are four possible commands. These commands are shown in Table 7-1. The 8-bit commands (Increment Wiper and Decrement Wiper commands) contain a command byte, see Figure 7-1, while 16-bit commands (Read Data and Write Data commands) contain a command byte and a data byte. The command byte contains two data bits, see Figure 7-1. As the command byte is being loaded into the device (on the SDI pin), the device’s SDO pin is driving. The SDO pin will output high bits for the first six bits of that command. On the 7th bit, the SDO pin will output the CMDERR bit state (see Section 7.3 “Error Condition”). The 8th bit state depends on the command selected. Table 7-2 shows the supported commands for each memory location and the corresponding values on the SDI and SDO pins. Table 7-3 shows an overview of all the SPI commands and their interaction with other device features. TABLE 7-1: COMMAND BIT OVERVIEW C1:C0 Bit Command States A A A A C C D D D D D D 1 0 9 8 3 2 1 0 Memory Address Data Bits Command Bits FIGURE 7-1: 11 Read Data 16-Bits Both 00 Write Data 16-Bits Both 01 Increment 8-Bits Volatile Only 10 Decrement 8-Bits Volatile Only 16-bit Command 8-bit Command Command Byte Operates on Volatile/ Nonvolatile memory # of Bits Command Byte Data Byte A A A A C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 Data Bits Memory Address Command Bits Command Bits CC 1 0 0 0 = Write Data 0 1 = INCR 1 0 = DECR 1 1 = Read Data General SPI Command Formats. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 51 MCP433X/435X TABLE 7-2: MEMORY MAP AND THE SUPPORTED COMMANDS Address Value Function 00h Volatile Wiper 0 01h Volatile Wiper 1 SPI String (Binary) Data (10-bits) (1) Command MOSI (SDI pin) MISO (SDO pin) (2) Write Data nn nnnn nnnn 0000 00nn nnnn nnnn 1111 1111 1111 1111 Read Data nn nnnn nnnn 0000 11nn nnnn nnnn 1111 111n nnnn nnnn Increment Wiper — 0000 0100 1111 1111 Decrement Wiper — 0000 1000 1111 1111 Write Data nn nnnn nnnn 0001 00nn nnnn nnnn 1111 1111 1111 1111 Read Data nn nnnn nnnn 0001 11nn nnnn nnnn 1111 111n nnnn nnnn Increment Wiper — 0001 0100 1111 1111 Decrement Wiper — 0001 1000 1111 1111 02h Reserved None — — — 03h Reserved None — — — nn nnnn nnnn 0100 00nn nnnn nnnn 1111 1111 1111 1111 nn nnnn nnnn 0100 11nn nnnn nnnn 1111 111n nnnn nnnn None — — Write Data nn nnnn nnnn 0110 00nn nnnn nnnn 1111 1111 1111 1111 Read Data nn nnnn nnnn 0110 11nn nnnn nnnn 1111 111n nnnn nnnn Increment Wiper — 0110 0100 1111 1111 04h (3) Volatile Write Data TCON 0 Register Read Data 05h Reserved 06h Volatile Wiper 2 07h Volatile Wiper 3 — Decrement Wiper — 0110 1000 1111 1111 Write Data nn nnnn nnnn 0111 00nn nnnn nnnn 1111 1111 1111 1111 Read Data nn nnnn nnnn 0111 11nn nnnn nnnn 1111 111n nnnn nnnn Increment Wiper — 0111 0100 1111 1111 Decrement Wiper — 0111 1000 1111 1111 08h Reserved None — — — 09h Reserved None 0Ah (3) 0Bh-0Fh Note 1: 2: 3: Volatile Write Data TCON 1 Register Read Data Reserved None — — nn nnnn nnnn 1010 00nn nnnn nnnn 1111 1111 — 1111 1111 nn nnnn nnnn 1010 11nn nnnn nnnn 1111 111n nnnn nnnn — — — The data memory is only 9-bits wide, so the MSb is ignored by the device. All these address/command combinations are valid, so the CMDERR bit is set. Any other address/command combination is a command error state and the CMDERR bit will be clear. Increment or Decrement commands are invalid for these addresses. DS22242A-page 52 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 7.2 Data Byte Only the Read command and the Write command use the data byte, see Figure 7-1. These commands concatenate the 8 bits of the data byte with the one data bit (D8) contained in the command byte to form 9-bits of data (D8:D0). The command byte format supports up to 9-bits of data so that the 8-bit resistor network can be set to full scale (100h or greater). This allows wiper connections to Terminal A and to Terminal B. The D9 bit is currently unused, and corresponds to the position on the SDO data of the CMDERR bit. 7.3 Error Condition The CMDERR bit indicates if the four address bits received (AD3:AD0) and the two command bits received (C1:C0) are a valid combination (see Table 4-2). The CMDERR bit is high if the combination is valid and low if the combination is invalid. The command error bit will also be low if a write to a nonvolatile address has been specified and another SPI command occurs before the CS pin is driven inactive (VIH). SPI commands that do not have a multiple of 8 clocks are ignored. Once an error condition has occurred, any following commands are ignored. All following SDO bits will be low until the CMDERR condition is cleared by forcing the CS pin to the inactive state (VIH). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 7.3.1 ABORTING A TRANSMISSION All SPI transmissions must have the correct number of SCK pulses to be executed. The command is not executed until the complete number of clocks have been received. Some commands also require the CS pin to be forced inactive (VIH). If the CS pin is forced to the inactive state (VIH) the serial interface is reset. Partial commands are not executed. SPI is more susceptible to noise than other bus protocols. The most likely case is that this noise corrupts the value of the data being clocked into the MCP43XX or the SCK pin is injected with extra clock pulses. This may cause data to be corrupted in the device, or a command error to occur, since the address and command bits were not a valid combination. The extra SCK pulse will also cause the SPI data (SDI) and clock (SCK) to be out of sync. Forcing the CS pin to the inactive state (VIH) resets the serial interface. The SPI interface will ignore activity on the SDI and SCK pins until the CS pin transition to the active state is detected (VIH to VIL or VIH to VIHH). Note 1: When data is not being received by the MCP43XX, It is recommended that the CS pin be forced to the inactive level (VIL) 2: It is also recommended that long continuous command strings should be broken down into single commands or shorter continuous command strings. This reduces the probability of noise on the SCK pin corrupting the desired SPI commands. DS22242A-page 53 MCP433X/435X 7.4 Continuous Commands The device supports the ability to execute commands continuously. While the CS pin is in the active state (VIL or VIHH). Any sequence of valid commands may be received. The following example is a valid sequence of events: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2: It is also recommended that long command strings should be broken down into shorter command strings. This reduces the probability of noise on the SCK pin corrupting the desired SPI command string. CS pin driven active (VIL or VIHH). Read Command. Increment Command (Wiper 0). Increment Command (Wiper 0). Decrement Command (Wiper 1). Write Command (volatile memory). CS pin driven inactive (VIH). TABLE 7-3: Note 1: It is recommended that while the CS pin is active, only one type of command should be issued. When changing commands, it is recommended to take the CS pin inactive then force it back to the active state. COMMANDS # of Bits High Voltage (VIHH) on CS pin? Write Data 16-Bits — Read Data 16-Bits — Increment Wiper 8-Bits — Decrement Wiper 8-Bits — High-Voltage Write Data 16-Bits Yes High-Voltage Read Data 16-Bits Yes Command Name High-Voltage Increment Wiper 8-Bits Yes High-Voltage Decrement Wiper 8-Bits Yes DS22242A-page 54 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 7.5 Write Data Normal and High Voltage 7.5.1 SINGLE WRITE TO VOLATILE MEMORY The write operation requires that the CS pin be in the active state (VILor VIHH). Typically, the CS pin will be in the inactive state (VIH) and is driven to the active state (VIL). The 16-bit Write command (command byte and data byte) is then clocked in on the SCK and SDI pins. Once all 16 bits have been received, the specified volatile address is updated. A write will not occur if the write command isn’t exactly 16 clocks pulses. This protects against system issues from corrupting the nonvolatile memory locations. The Write command is a 16-bit command. The format of the command is shown in Figure 7-2. A Write command to a volatile memory location changes that location after a properly formatted Write command (16-clock) have been received. Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 show possible waveforms for a single write. COMMAND BYTE A D 3 1 SDO 1 SDI A D 2 1 1 A D 1 1 1 A D 0 1 1 DATA BYTE 0 0 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Valid Address/Command combination 0 Invalid Address/Command combination (1) Note 1: If an Error Condition occurs (CMDERR = L), all following SDO bits will be low until the CMDERR condition is cleared (the CS pin is forced to the inactive state). FIGURE 7-2: Write Command – SDI and SDO States. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 55 MCP433X/435X 7.5.2 CONTINUOUS WRITES TO VOLATILE MEMORY Continuous writes are possible only when writing to the volatile memory registers (address 00h, 01h and 04h). Figure 7-3 shows the sequence for three continuous writes. The writes do not need to be to the same volatile memory address. COMMAND BYTE SDI SDO A D 3 1 A D 2 1 A D 1 1 A D 0 1 A D 3 1 A D 2 1 A D 1 1 A D 0 1 A D 3 1 A D 2 1 A D 1 1 A D 0 1 DATA BYTE 0 0 D9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 1 1 1* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 D9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 1 1 1* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 D9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 1 1 1* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Note 1: If a Command Error (CMDERR) occurs at this bit location (*), then all following SDO bits will be driven low until the CS pin is driven inactive (VIH). FIGURE 7-3: DS22242A-page 56 Continuous Write Sequence. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 7.6 Read Data Normal and High Voltage 7.6.1 SINGLE READ The read operation requires that the CS pin be in the active state (VILor VIHH). Typically, the CS pin will be in the inactive state (VIH) and is driven to the active state (VILor VIHH). The 16-bit Read command (command byte and data byte) is then clocked in on the SCK and SDI pins. The SDO pin starts driving data on the 7th bit (CMDERR bit) and the addressed data comes out on the 8th through 16th clocks. Figure 6-2 through Figure 6-3 show possible waveforms for a single read. The Read command is a 16-bit command. The format of the command is shown in Figure 7-4. The first 6 bits of the Read command determine the address and the command. The 7th clock will output the CMDERR bit on the SDO pin. The remaining 9-clocks the device will transmit the 9 data bits (D8:D0) of the specified address (AD3:AD0). Figure 7-4 shows the SDI and SDO information for a Read command. COMMAND BYTE SDI SDO DATA BYTE A D 3 1 A D 2 1 A D 1 1 A D 0 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 D 8 0 D 7 0 D 6 0 D 5 0 D 4 0 D 3 0 D 2 0 D 1 0 D Valid Address/Command combination 0 0 Attempted Memory Read of Reserved Memory location READ DATA FIGURE 7-4: Read Command – SDI and SDO States. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 57 MCP433X/435X 7.6.2 CONTINUOUS READS Figure 7-5 shows the sequence for three continuous reads. The reads do not need to be to the same memory address. Continuous reads allow the devices memory to be read quickly. Continuous reads are possible to all memory locations. COMMAND BYTE SDI SDO A D 3 1 A D 2 1 A D 1 1 A D 0 1 A D 3 1 A D 2 1 A D 1 1 A D 0 1 A D 3 1 A D 2 1 A D 1 1 A D 0 1 X DATA BYTE 1 1 X X X X X X X X X 1 1 1* D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 1 1 X X X X X X X X X 1 1 1* D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 1 1 X X X X X X X X X 1 1 1* D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 X X Note 1: If a Command Error (CMDERR) occurs at this bit location (*), then all following SDO bits will be driven low until the CS pin is driven inactive (VIH). FIGURE 7-5: DS22242A-page 58 Continuous Read Sequence. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 7.7 Increment Wiper Normal and High Voltage The Increment command is an 8-bit command. The Increment command can only be issued to volatile memory locations. The format of the command is shown in Figure 7-6. An Increment command to the volatile memory location changes that location after a properly formatted command (8-clocks) have been received. Increment commands provide a quick and easy method to modify the value of the volatile wiper location by +1 with minimal overhead. COMMAND BYTE (INCR COMMAND (n+1)) A D 3 1 SDO 1 SDI A D 2 1 1 A D 1 1 1 A D 0 1 1 0 1 X X 1 1 1 1* 1 Note 1, 2 1 0 0 Note 1, 3 Note 1: Only functions when writing the volatile wiper registers (AD3:AD0) 0h and 1h. 2: Valid Address/Command combination. 3: Invalid Address/Command combination all following SDO bits will be low until the CMDERR condition is cleared. (the CS pin is forced to the inactive state). 4: If a Command Error (CMDERR) occurs at this bit location (*), then all following SDO bits will be driven low until the CS pin is driven inactive (VIH). FIGURE 7-6: Increment Command – SDI and SDO States. Note: Table 7-2 shows the valid addresses for the Increment Wiper command. Other addresses are invalid. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 7.7.1 SINGLE INCREMENT Typically, the CS pin starts at the inactive state (VIH), but may already be in the active state due to the completion of another command. Figure 6-4 through Figure 6-5 show possible waveforms for a single increment. The increment operation requires that the CS pin be in the active state (VILor VIHH). Typically, the CS pin will be in the inactive state (VIH) and is driven to the active state (VILor VIHH). The 8-bit Increment command (command byte) is then clocked in on the SDI pin by the SCK pins. The SDO pin drives the CMDERR bit on the 7th clock. The wiper value will increment up to 100h on 8-bit devices and 80h on 7-bit devices. After the wiper value has reached full scale (8-bit = 100h, 7-bit = 80h), the wiper value will not be incremented further. If the wiper register has a value between 101h and 1FFh, the Increment command is disabled. See Table 7-4 for additional information on the Increment command versus the current volatile wiper value. The increment operations only require the Increment command byte while the CS pin is active (VILor VIHH) for a single increment. After the wiper is incremented to the desired position, the CS pin should be forced to VIH to ensure that unexpected transitions on the SCK pin do not cause the wiper setting to change. Driving the CS pin to VIH should occur as soon as possible (within device specifications) after the last desired increment occurs. TABLE 7-4: Current Wiper Setting INCREMENT OPERATION VS. VOLATILE WIPER VALUE Increment Command Operates? Wiper (W) Properties 7-bit Pot 8-bit Pot 3FFh 081h 3FFh 101h Reserved (Full Scale (W = A)) No No 080h 100h Full Scale (W = A) 07Fh 041h 0FFh 081 W=N 040h 080h W = N (Mid-scale) 03Fh 001h 07Fh 001 W=N 000h 000h Zero Scale (W = B) Yes Yes DS22242A-page 59 MCP433X/435X 7.7.2 CONTINUOUS INCREMENTS Increment commands can be sent repeatedly without raising CS until a desired condition is met. Continuous increments are possible only when writing to the volatile memory registers (address 00h, 01h, 06h and 07h). When executing a continuous command string, the Increment command can be followed by any other valid command. Figure 7-7 shows a continuous increment sequence for three continuous writes. The writes do not need to be to the same volatile memory address. The wiper terminal will move after the command has been received (8th clock). After the wiper is incremented to the desired position, the CS pin should be forced to VIH to ensure that unexpected transitions (on the SCK pin do not cause the wiper setting to change). Driving the CS pin to VIH should occur as soon as possible (within device specifications) after the last desired increment occurs. When executing an continuous Increment commands, the selected wiper will be altered from n to n+1 for each Increment command received. The wiper value will increment up to 100h on 8-bit devices and 80h on 7-bit devices. After the wiper value has reached full scale (8-bit = 100h, 7-bit = 80h), the wiper value will not be incremented further. If the wiper register has a value between 101h and 1FFh, the Increment command is disabled. (INCR COMMAND (n+1)) A D 3 1 1 SDO 1 1 SDI A D 2 1 1 1 1 A D 1 1 1 1 1 A D 0 1 1 1 1 X COMMAND BYTE COMMAND BYTE COMMAND BYTE (INCR COMMAND (n+2)) 0 1 X 1 1 1 1 1 1* 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 A D 3 1 0 1 1 A D 2 1 0 1 1 A D 1 1 0 1 1 A D 0 1 0 1 1 X (INCR COMMAND (n+3)) 0 1 X 1 0 1 1 1 1* 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 A D 3 1 0 0 1 A D 2 1 0 0 1 A D 1 1 0 0 1 A D 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 X X 1 0 0 1 1 1* 1 Note 1, 2 0 0 0 Note 3, 4 0 0 0 Note 3, 4 1 0 0 Note 3, 4 Note 1: Only functions when writing the volatile wiper registers (AD3:AD0) 0h and 1h. 2: Valid Address/Command combination. 3: Invalid Address/Command combination. 4: If an Error Condition occurs (CMDERR = L), all following SDO bits will be low until the CMDERR condition is cleared (the CS pin is forced to the inactive state). FIGURE 7-7: DS22242A-page 60 Continuous Increment Command – SDI and SDO States. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 7.8 Decrement Wiper Normal and High Voltage The Decrement command is an 8-bit command. The Decrement command can only be issued to volatile memory locations. The format of the command is shown in Figure 7-6. A Decrement command to the volatile memory location changes that location after a properly formatted command (8 clocks) have been received. Decrement commands provide a quick and easy method to modify the value of the volatile wiper location by -1 with minimal overhead. COMMAND BYTE (DECR COMMAND (n+1)) A D 3 1 SDO 1 SDI A D 2 1 1 A D 1 1 1 A D 0 1 1 1 0 X X 1 1 1 1* 1 Note 1, 2 1 0 0 Note 1, 3 Note 1: Only functions when writing the volatile wiper registers (AD3:AD0) 0h and 1h. 2: Valid Address/Command combination. 3: Invalid Address/Command combination all following SDO bits will be low until the CMDERR condition is cleared. (the CS pin is forced to the inactive state). 4: If a Command Error (CMDERR) occurs at this bit location (*), then all following SDO bits will be driven low until the CS pin is driven inactive (VIH). FIGURE 7-8: Decrement Command – SDI and SDO States. Note: Table 7-2 shows the valid addresses for the Decrement Wiper command. Other addresses are invalid. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 7.8.1 SINGLE DECREMENT Typically, the CS pin starts at the inactive state (VIH), but may already be in the active state due to the completion of another command. Figure 6-4 through Figure 6-5 show possible waveforms for a single decrement. The decrement operation requires that the CS pin be in the active state (VILor VIHH). Typically, the CS pin will be in the inactive state (VIH) and is driven to the active state (VILor VIHH). Then the 8-bit Decrement command (command byte) is clocked in on the SDI pin by the SCK pins. The SDO pin drives the CMDERR bit on the 7th clock. The wiper value will decrement from the wiper’s full scale value (100h on 8-bit devices and 80h on 7-bit devices). Above the wiper’s full scale value (8-bit = 101h to 1FFh, 7-bit = 81h to FFh), the Decrement command is disabled. If the wiper register has a zero scale value (000h), then the wiper value will not decrement. See Table 7-5 for additional information on the Decrement command vs. the current volatile wiper value. The Decrement commands only require the Decrement command byte, while the CS pin is active (VILor VIHH) for a single decrement. After the wiper is decremented to the desired position, the CS pin should be forced to VIH to ensure that unexpected transitions on the SCK pin do not cause the wiper setting to change. Driving the CS pin to VIH should occur as soon as possible (within device specifications) after the last desired decrement occurs. TABLE 7-5: Current Wiper Setting DECREMENT OPERATION VS. VOLATILE WIPER VALUE Decrement Command Operates? Wiper (W) Properties 7-bit Pot 8-bit Pot 3FFh 081h 3FFh 101h Reserved (Full Scale (W = A)) No Yes 080h 100h Full Scale (W = A) 07Fh 041h 0FFh 081 W=N 040h 080h W = N (Mid-scale) 03Fh 001h 07Fh 001 W=N 000h 000h Zero Scale (W = B) Yes No DS22242A-page 61 MCP433X/435X 7.8.2 CONTINUOUS DECREMENTS Decrement commands can be sent repeatedly without raising CS until a desired condition is met. Continuous decrements are possible only when writing to the volatile memory registers (address 00h, 01h, and 04h). When executing a continuous command string, the Decrement command can be followed by any other valid command. Figure 7-9 shows a continuous decrement sequence for three continuous writes. The writes do not need to be to the same volatile memory address. The wiper terminal will move after the command has been received (8th clock). After the wiper is decremented to the desired position, the CS pin should be forced to VIH to ensure that “unexpected” transitions (on the SCK pin do not cause the wiper setting to change). Driving the CS pin to VIH should occur as soon as possible (within device specifications) after the last desired decrement occurs. When executing continuous Decrement commands, the selected wiper will be altered from n to n-1 for each Decrement command received. The wiper value will decrement from the wiper’s full scale value (100h on 8-bit devices and 80h on 7-bit devices). Above the wiper’s full scale value (8-bit = 101h to 1FFh, 7-bit = 81h to FFh), the Decrement command is disabled. If the Wiper register has a zero scale value (000h), then the wiper value will not decrement. See Table 7-5 for additional information on the Decrement command vs. the current volatile wiper value. (DECR COMMAND (n-1)) A D 3 1 1 SDO 1 1 SDI A D 2 1 1 1 1 A D 1 1 1 1 1 A D 0 1 1 1 1 X COMMAND BYTE COMMAND BYTE COMMAND BYTE (DECR COMMAND (n-1)) 1 0 X 1 1 1 1 1 1* 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 A D 3 1 0 1 1 A D 2 1 0 1 1 A D 1 1 0 1 1 A D 0 1 0 1 1 X (DECR COMMAND (n-1)) 1 0 X 1 0 1 1 1 1* 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 A D 3 1 0 0 1 A D 2 1 0 0 1 A D 1 1 0 0 1 A D 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 X X 1 0 0 1 1 1* 1 Note 1, 2 0 0 0 Note 3, 4 0 0 0 Note 3, 4 1 0 0 Note 3, 4 Note 1: Only functions when writing the volatile wiper registers (AD3:AD0) 0h and 1h. 2: Valid Address/Command combination. 3: Invalid Address/Command combination. 4: If an Error Condition occurs (CMDERR = L), all following SDO bits will be low until the CMDERR condition is cleared (the CS pin is forced to the inactive state). FIGURE 7-9: DS22242A-page 62 Continuous Decrement Command – SDI and SDO States. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 8.0 APPLICATIONS EXAMPLES 5V Digital potentiometers have a multitude of practical uses in modern electronic circuits. The most popular uses include precision calibration of set point thresholds, sensor trimming, LCD bias trimming, audio attenuation, adjustable power supplies, motor control overcurrent trip setting, adjustable gain amplifiers and offset trimming. The MCP433X/435X devices can be used to replace the common mechanical trim pot in applications where the operating and terminal voltages are within CMOS process limitations (VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V). 8.1 Split Rail Applications All inputs that would be used to interface to a host controller support high voltage on their input pin. This allows the MCP43XX device to be used in split power rail applications. PIC® MCU Figure 8-1 through Figure 8-2 show three example split rail systems. In this system, the MCP43XX interface input signals need to be able to support the PIC MCU output high voltage (VOH). In Example #1 (Figure 8-1), the MCP43XX interface input signals need to be able to support the PIC MCU output high voltage (VOH). If the split rail voltage delta becomes too large, then the customer may be required to do some level shifting due to MCP43XX VOH levels related to host controller VIH levels. In Example #2 (Figure 8-2), the MCP43XX interface input signals need to be able to support the lower voltage of the PIC MCU output high voltage level (VOH). Table 8-1 shows an example PIC microcontroller I/O voltage specifications and the MCP43XX specifications. So this PIC MCU operating at 3.3V will drive a VOH at 2.64V, and for the MCP43XX operating at 5.5V, the VIH is 2.47V. Therefore, the interface signals meet specifications. I/O SDO RESET SDO Example Split Rail 5V 3V PIC® MCU MCP4XXX SDI CS SCK SDI CS SCK RESET I/O SDO SDO FIGURE 8-2: System 2. Example Split Rail TABLE 8-1: VOH – VIH COMPARISONS PIC® MCU (1) VDD VIH MCP4XXX (2) VOH VDD VIH VOH 5.5 4.4 4.4 2.7 1.215 — (3) 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 1.35 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.3 1.485 — (3) 3.3 2.64 2.64 4.5 2.025 — (3) 3.0 2.4 2.25 2.7 2.16 2.16 5.5 Note 1: 2: 3: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. SDI CS SCK Voltage Regulator For SPI applications, these inputs are: CS SCK SDI (or SDI/SDO) RESET MCP4XXX SDI CS SCK FIGURE 8-1: System 1. An example of this is a battery application where the PIC® MCU is directly powered by the battery supply (4.8V) and the MCP43XX device is powered by the 3.3V regulated voltage. • • • • 3V Voltage Regulator 2.4 5.0 Comment — (3) — (3) 2.475 — (3) VOH minimum = 0.8 * VDD; VOL maximum = 0.6V VIH minimum = 0.8 * VDD; VIL maximum = 0.2 * VDD; VOH minimum (SDA only) =; VOL maximum = 0.2 * VDD VIH minimum = 0.45 * VDD; VIL maximum = 0.2 * VDD The only MCP4XXX output pin is SDO, which is open-drain (or open-drain with internal pull-up) with high voltage support DS22242A-page 63 MCP433X/435X 8.2 Techniques to Force the CS Pin to VIHH PIC10F206 The circuit in Figure 8-3 shows a method using the TC1240A doubling charge pump. When the SHDN pin is high, the TC1240A is off, and the level on the CS pin is controlled by the PIC® microcontrollers (MCUs) IO2 pin. When the SHDN pin is low, the TC1240A is on and the VOUT voltage is 2 * VDD. The resistor R1 allows the CS pin to go higher than the voltage such that the PIC MCU’s IO2 pin “clamps” at approximately VDD. PIC® MCU TC1240A C+ VIN CSHDN VOUT IO1 IO2 C1 MCP4XXX R1 CS C2 FIGURE 8-3: Using the TC1240A to Generate the VIHH Voltage. The circuit in Figure 8-4 shows the method used on the MCP402X Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer Evaluation Board (Part Number: MCP402XEV). This method requires that the system voltage be approximately 5V. This ensures that when the PIC10F206 enters a brown-out condition, there is an insufficient voltage level on the CS pin to change the stored value of the wiper. The “MCP402X Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer Evaluation Board User’s Guide” (DS51546) contains a complete schematic. R1 GP0 MCP4XXX GP2 CS C1 FIGURE 8-4: MCP4XXX Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer Evaluation Board (MCP402XEV) implementation to generate the VIHH voltage. 8.3 Using Shutdown Modes Figure 8-5 shows a possible application circuit where the independent terminals could be used. Disconnecting the wiper allows the transistor input to be taken to the bias voltage level (disconnecting A and or B may be desired to reduce system current). Disconnecting Terminal A modifies the transistor input by the RBW rheostat value to the Common B. Disconnecting Terminal B modifies the transistor input by the RAW rheostat value to the Common A. The Common A and Common B connections could be connected to VDD and VSS. Common A Input A GP0 is a general purpose I/O pin, while GP2 can either be a general purpose I/O pin or it can output the internal clock. To base of Transistor (or Amplifier) W For the serial commands, configure the GP2 pin as an input (high-impedance). The output state of the GP0 pin will determine the voltage on the CS pin (VIL or VIH). For high-voltage serial commands, force the GP0 output pin to output a high level (VOH) and configure the GP2 pin to output the internal clock. This will form a charge pump and increase the voltage on the CS pin (when the system voltage is approximately 5V). C2 B Input Common B Balance Bias FIGURE 8-5: Example Application Circuit using Terminal Disconnects. DS22242A-page 64 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 8.4 Design Considerations 8.4.2 In the design of a system with the MCP43XX devices, the following considerations should be taken into account: LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS Several layout considerations may be applicable to your application. These may include: • Power Supply Considerations • Layout Considerations • Noise • Footprint Compatibility • PCB Area Requirements 8.4.1 8.4.2.1 POWER SUPPLY CONSIDERATIONS The typical application will require a bypass capacitor in order to filter high-frequency noise, which can be induced onto the power supply’s traces. The bypass capacitor helps to minimize the effect of these noise sources on signal integrity. Figure 8-6 illustrates an appropriate bypass strategy. In this example, the recommended bypass capacitor value is 0.1 µF. This capacitor should be placed as close (within 4 mm) to the device power pin (VDD) as possible. The power source supplying these devices should be as clean as possible. If the application circuit has separate digital and analog power supplies, VDD and VSS should reside on the analog plane. VDD Noise Inductively-coupled AC transients and digital switching noise can degrade the input and output signal integrity, potentially masking the MCP43XX’s performance. Careful board layout minimizes these effects and increases the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Multi-layer boards utilizing a low-inductance ground plane, isolated inputs, isolated outputs and proper decoupling are critical to achieving the performance that the silicon is capable of providing. Particularly harsh environments may require shielding of critical signals. If low noise is desired, breadboards and wire-wrapped boards are not recommended. 8.4.2.2 Footprint Compatibility The specification of the MCP43XX pinouts was done to allow systems to be designed to easily support the use of either the dual (MCP42XX) or quad (MCP43XX) device. Figure 8-7 shows how the dual pinout devices fit on the quad device footprint. For the Rheostat devices, the dual device is in the MSOP package, so the footprints would need to be offset from each other. 0.1 µF VDD MCP43X1 Quad Potentiometers W B VSS FIGURE 8-6: Connections. U/D PIC® Microcontroller A MCP433X/435X 0.1 µF P3A P3W P3B CS SCK SDI VSS P1B P1W P1A Typical Microcontroller 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 12 12 11 P2A P2W P2B VDD SDO RESET WP P0B P0W P0A MCP42X1 Pinout (1) TSSOP MCP43X2 Quad Rheostat CS VSS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 P3W P3B CS SCK SDI VSS P1B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 P2W P2B VDD SDO P0B P0W P1W MCP42X2 Pinout TSSOP Note 1: Pin 15 (RESET) is the Shutdown (SHDN) pin on the MCP42x1 device. FIGURE 8-7: Quad Pinout (TSSOP Package) vs. Dual Pinout. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 65 MCP433X/435X Figure 8-8 shows possible layout implementations for an application to support the quad and dual options on the same PCB. Potentiometers Devices MCP43X1 8.4.2.3 PCB Area Requirements In some applications, PCB area is a criteria for device selection. Table 8-2 shows the package dimensions and area for the different package options. The table also shows the relative area factor compared to the smallest area. For space critical applications, the QFN package would be the suggested package. PACKAGE FOOTPRINT (1) TABLE 8-2: MCP42X1 Type Area (mm2) Relative Area MCP43X2 Package Footprint Pins Rheostat Devices MCP42X2 Package 14 TSSOP ST 5.10 6.40 32.64 2.04 QFN ML 4.00 4.00 16.00 1 TSSOP ST 6.60 6.40 42.24 2.64 20 Dimensions (mm) Code X Y Note 1: Does not include recommended land pattern dimensions. 8.4.3 FIGURE 8-8: Dual Devices. Layout to support Quad and RESISTOR TEMPCO Characterization curves of the resistor temperature coefficient (Tempco) are shown in Figure 2-11, Figure 2-32, Figure 2-52, and Figure 2-72. These curves show that the resistor network is designed to correct for the change in resistance as temperature increases. This technique reduces the end to end change is RAB resistance. 8.4.4 HIGH VOLTAGE TOLERANT PINS High voltage support (VIHH) on the Serial Interface pins supports in-circuit accommodation of split rail applications and power supply sync issues. DS22242A-page 66 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 9.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 9.1 Development Tools 9.2 Technical Documentation Several additional technical documents are available to assist you in your design and development. These technical documents include Application Notes, Technical Briefs, and Design Guides. Table 9-2 shows some of these documents. Several development tools are available to assist in your design and evaluation of the MCP43XX devices. The currently available tools are shown in Table 9-1. These boards may be purchased directly from the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com. TABLE 9-1: DEVELOPMENT TOOLS Board Name Part # Supported Devices 20-pin TSSOP and SSOP Evaluation Board TSSOP20EV MCP43XX MCP4361 Evaluation Board (1) MCP43XXEV MCP4361 MCP42XX Digital Potentiometer PICtail™ Plus Demo MCP42XXDM-PTPLS Board MCP42XX MCP4XXX Digital Potentiometer Daughter Board (2) MCP42XXX, MCP42XX, MCP4021 and MCP4011 MCP4XXXDM-DB Note 1: This Evaluation Board is planned to be available by March 2010. This board uses the TSSOP20EV PCB and requires the PICkit™ Serial Analyzer (see User’s Guide for details). This kit also includes 1 blank TSSOP20EV PCB. 2: Requires the use of a PICDEM™ Demo board (see User’s Guide for details). TABLE 9-2: TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION Application Note Number Title Literature # AN1080 Understanding Digital Potentiometers Resistor Variations DS01080 AN737 Using Digital Potentiometers to Design Low-Pass Adjustable Filters DS00737 AN692 Using a Digital Potentiometer to Optimize a Precision Single Supply Photo Detect DS00692 AN691 Optimizing the Digital Potentiometer in Precision Circuits DS00691 AN219 Comparing Digital Potentiometers to Mechanical Potentiometers DS00219 — Digital Potentiometer Design Guide DS22017 — Signal Chain Design Guide DS21825 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 67 MCP433X/435X NOTES: DS22242A-page 68 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 10.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 10.1 Package Marking Information 14-Lead TSSOP Example 4352502E XXXXXXXX 1004 YYWW NNN 256 20-Lead QFN (4x4) 4351 502EML e3 1004 ^^ 256 XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX YYWWNNN Example 20-Lead TSSOP XXXXXXXX 4351502 XXXXX NNN YYWW EST ^^ e3 256 1004 Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN e3 * Note: Example Customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’) Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 69 MCP433X/435X /HDG3ODVWLF7KLQ6KULQN6PDOO2XWOLQH67±PP%RG\>76623@ 1RWH )RUWKHPRVWFXUUHQWSDFNDJHGUDZLQJVSOHDVHVHHWKH0LFURFKLS3DFNDJLQJ6SHFLILFDWLRQORFDWHGDW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ D N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 e b c φ A2 A A1 8QLWV 'LPHQVLRQ/LPLWV 1XPEHURI3LQV L L1 0,//,0(7(56 0,1 1 120 0$; 3LWFK H 2YHUDOO+HLJKW $ ± %6& ± 0ROGHG3DFNDJH7KLFNQHVV $ 6WDQGRII $ ± 2YHUDOO:LGWK ( 0ROGHG3DFNDJH:LGWK ( %6& 0ROGHG3DFNDJH/HQJWK ' )RRW/HQJWK / )RRWSULQW / 5() )RRW$QJOH ± /HDG7KLFNQHVV F ± /HDG:LGWK E ± 1RWHV 3LQYLVXDOLQGH[IHDWXUHPD\YDU\EXWPXVWEHORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHKDWFKHGDUHD 'LPHQVLRQV'DQG(GRQRWLQFOXGHPROGIODVKRUSURWUXVLRQV0ROGIODVKRUSURWUXVLRQVVKDOOQRWH[FHHGPPSHUVLGH 'LPHQVLRQLQJDQGWROHUDQFLQJSHU$60(<0 %6& %DVLF'LPHQVLRQ7KHRUHWLFDOO\H[DFWYDOXHVKRZQZLWKRXWWROHUDQFHV 5() 5HIHUHQFH'LPHQVLRQXVXDOO\ZLWKRXWWROHUDQFHIRULQIRUPDWLRQSXUSRVHVRQO\ 0LFURFKLS 7HFKQRORJ\ 'UDZLQJ &% DS22242A-page 70 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 71 MCP433X/435X /HDG3ODVWLF4XDG)ODW1R/HDG3DFNDJH0/±[[PP%RG\>4)1@ 1RWH )RUWKHPRVWFXUUHQWSDFNDJHGUDZLQJVSOHDVHVHHWKH0LFURFKLS3DFNDJLQJ6SHFLILFDWLRQORFDWHGDW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ D D2 EXPOSED PAD e E2 2 E b 2 1 1 K N N NOTE 1 TOP VIEW L BOTTOM VIEW A A1 A3 8QLWV 'LPHQVLRQ/LPLWV 1XPEHURI3LQV 0,//,0(7(56 0,1 1 120 0$; 3LWFK H 2YHUDOO+HLJKW $ 6WDQGRII $ &RQWDFW7KLFNQHVV $ 2YHUDOO:LGWK ( ([SRVHG3DG:LGWK ( 2YHUDOO/HQJWK ' ([SRVHG3DG/HQJWK %6& 5() %6& %6& ' &RQWDFW:LGWK E &RQWDFW/HQJWK / &RQWDFWWR([SRVHG3DG . ± ± 1RWHV 3LQYLVXDOLQGH[IHDWXUHPD\YDU\EXWPXVWEHORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHKDWFKHGDUHD 3DFNDJHLVVDZVLQJXODWHG 'LPHQVLRQLQJDQGWROHUDQFLQJSHU$60(<0 %6& %DVLF'LPHQVLRQ7KHRUHWLFDOO\H[DFWYDOXHVKRZQZLWKRXWWROHUDQFHV 5() 5HIHUHQFH'LPHQVLRQXVXDOO\ZLWKRXWWROHUDQFHIRULQIRUPDWLRQSXUSRVHVRQO\ 0LFURFKLS 7HFKQRORJ\ 'UDZLQJ &% DS22242A-page 72 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X 1RWH )RUWKHPRVWFXUUHQWSDFNDJHGUDZLQJVSOHDVHVHHWKH0LFURFKLS3DFNDJLQJ6SHFLILFDWLRQORFDWHGDW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 73 MCP433X/435X /HDG3ODVWLF7KLQ6KULQN6PDOO2XWOLQH67±PP%RG\>76623@ 1RWH )RUWKHPRVWFXUUHQWSDFNDJHGUDZLQJVSOHDVHVHHWKH0LFURFKLS3DFNDJLQJ6SHFLILFDWLRQORFDWHGDW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ D N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 b e c φ A2 A A1 L L1 8QLWV 'LPHQVLRQ/LPLWV 1XPEHURI3LQV 0,//,0(7(56 0,1 1 120 0$; 3LWFK H 2YHUDOO+HLJKW $ ± %6& ± 0ROGHG3DFNDJH7KLFNQHVV $ 6WDQGRII $ ± 2YHUDOO:LGWK ( 0ROGHG3DFNDJH:LGWK ( %6& 0ROGHG3DFNDJH/HQJWK ' )RRW/HQJWK / )RRWSULQW / 5() )RRW$QJOH ± /HDG7KLFNQHVV F ± /HDG:LGWK E ± 1RWHV 3LQYLVXDOLQGH[IHDWXUHPD\YDU\EXWPXVWEHORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHKDWFKHGDUHD 'LPHQVLRQV'DQG(GRQRWLQFOXGHPROGIODVKRUSURWUXVLRQV0ROGIODVKRUSURWUXVLRQVVKDOOQRWH[FHHGPPSHUVLGH 'LPHQVLRQLQJDQGWROHUDQFLQJSHU$60(<0 %6& %DVLF'LPHQVLRQ7KHRUHWLFDOO\H[DFWYDOXHVKRZQZLWKRXWWROHUDQFHV 5() 5HIHUHQFH'LPHQVLRQXVXDOO\ZLWKRXWWROHUDQFHIRULQIRUPDWLRQSXUSRVHVRQO\ 0LFURFKLS 7HFKQRORJ\ 'UDZLQJ &% DS22242A-page 74 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 75 MCP433X/435X NOTES: DS22242A-page 76 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY Revision A (March 2010) • Original Release of this Document. Note: Original TSSOP-20 device samples used the example marking shown in Figure A-1. Future device samples will usE the part marking shown in Section 10. Figure A-1: Old example TSSOP-20 device marking. Example MCP4351 e3 256 EST ^^ 1004 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 77 MCP433X/435X NOTES: DS22242A-page 78 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X CHARACTERIZATION DATA ANALYSIS Some designers may desire to understand the device operational characteristics outside of the specified operating conditions of the device. Applications where the knowledge of the resistor network characteristics could be useful include battery powered devices and applications that experience brown-out conditions. In battery applications the application voltage decays over time until new batteries are installed. As the voltage decays, the system will continue to operate. At some voltage level, the application will be below its specified operating voltage range. This is dependent on the individual components used in the design. It is still useful to understand the device characteristics to expect when this low-voltage range is encountered. Unlike a microcontroller which can use an external supervisor device to force the controller into the Reset state, a digital potentiometer’s resistance characteristic is not specified. But understanding the operational characteristics can be important in the design of the applications circuit for this low-voltage condition. Other application system scenarios where understanding the low-voltage characteristics of the resistor network could be important is for system brown out conditions. For the MCP433X/435X devices, the analog operation is specified at a minimum of 2.7V. Device testing has Terminal A connected to the device VDD (for potentiometer configuration only) and Terminal B connected to VSS. B.1 Low-Voltage Operation This appendix gives an overview of CMOS semiconductor characteristics at lower voltages. This is important so that the 1.8V resistor network characterization graphs of the MCP433X/435X devices can be better understood. For this discussion, we will use the 5 k device data. This data was chosen since the variations of wiper resistance has much greater implications for devices with smaller RAB resistances. Figure B-1 shows the worst case RBW error from the average RBW as a percentage, while Figure B-2 shows the RBW resistance verse wiper code graph. Nonlinear behavior occurs at approximately wiper code 160. This is better shown in Figure B-2, where the RBW resistance changes from a linear slope. This change is due to the change in the wiper resistance. 2.00% 1.00% 0.00% -1.00% Error % APPENDIX B: -2.00% -3.00% -4.00% -40C +25C +85C +125C -5.00% -6.00% -7.00% 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Wiper Code FIGURE B-1: 1.8V Worst Case RBW Error from Average RBW (RBW0-RBW3) vs. Wiper Code and Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 190 µA). 7000 Resistance () 6000 5000 4000 3000 -40C +25C +85C +125C 2000 1000 0 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE B-2: RBW vs. Wiper Code And Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 190 µA). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 79 MCP433X/435X Figure B-3 and Figure B-4 show the wiper resistance for VDD voltages of 5.5, 3.0, 1.8 Volts. These graphs show that as the resistor ladder wiper node voltage (VWCn) approaches the VDD/2 voltage, the wiper resistance increases. These graphs also show the different resistance characteristics of the NMOS and PMOS transistors that make up the wiper switch. This is demonstrated by the wiper code resistance curve, which does not mirror itself around the mid-scale code (wiper code = 128). So why is the RW graphs showing the maximum resistance at about mid-scale (wiper code = 128) and the RBW graphs showing the issue at code 160? This requires understanding low-voltage transistor characteristics as well as how the data was measured. 220 200 Resistance () 180 -40C @ 3.0V +25C @ 3.0V +85C @ 3.0V +125C @ 3.0V -40C @5.5V +25C @ 5.5V +85C @ 5.5V +125C @ 5.5V 160 floating VA A 120 VW W IW B 140 VB RBW = VW/IW RW = (VW-VA)/IW 100 80 FIGURE B-5: 60 40 20 0 64 128 192 256 Wiper Code FIGURE B-3: Wiper Resistance (RW) vs. Wiper Code and Temperature (VDD = 5.5V, IW = 900 UA; VDD = 3.0V, IW = 480 µA). 2020 +25C @ 1.8V 1520 +125C @ 1.8V 1020 520 20 0 64 128 192 256 Wiper Code FIGURE B-4: Wiper Resistance (RW) vs. Wiper Code and Temperature (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 260 µA). DS22242A-page 80 RBW and RW Measurement. Figure B-6 shows a block diagram of the resistor network where the RAB resistor is a series of 256 RS resistors. These resistors are polysilicon devices. Each wiper switch is an analog switch made up of an NMOS and PMOS transistor. A more detailed figure of the wiper switch is shown in Figure B-7. The wiper resistance is influenced by the voltage on the wiper switches nodes (VG, VW and VWCn). Temperature also influences the characteristics of the wiper switch, see Figure B-4. The NMOS transistor and PMOS transistor have different characteristics. These characteristics as well as the wiper switch node voltages determine the RW resistance at each wiper code. The variation of each wiper switch’s characteristics in the resistor network is greater then the variation of the RS resistors. -40C @ 1.8V +85C @ 1.8V Resistance () The method in which the data was collected is important to understand. Figure B-5 shows the technique that was used to measure the RBW and RW resistance. In this technique Terminal A is floating and Terminal B is connected to ground. A fixed current is then forced into the wiper (IW) and the corresponding wiper voltage (VW) is measured. Forcing a known current through RBW (IW) and then measuring the voltage difference between the wiper (VW) and Terminal A (VA), the wiper resistance (RW) can be calculated, see Figure B-5. Changes in IW current will change the wiper voltage (VW). This may effect the device’s wiper resistance (RW). The voltage on the resistor network node (VWCn) is dependent upon the wiper code selected and the voltages applied to VA, VB and VW. The wiper switch VG voltage to VW or VWCn voltage determines how strongly the transistor is turned on. When the transistor is weakly turned on the wiper resistance RW will be high. When the transistor is strongly turned on, the wiper resistance (RW) will be in the typical range. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X So looking at the wiper voltage (VW) for the 3.0V and 1.8V data gives the graphs in Figure B-8 and Figure B-9. In the 1.8V graph, as the VW approaches 0.8V, the voltage increases nonlinearly. Since V = I * R, and the current (IW) is constant, it means that the device resistance increased nonlinearly at around wiper code 160. A VA RS Nn-1 RS Nn-2 RS RW (1) DVG RW (1) VWC(n-2) RAB Nn-3 1.2 1.0 NMOS PMOS RW (1) VW W Wiper Voltage (V) Nn 0.8 0.6 0.4 -40C +25C +85C +125C 0.2 0.0 RS RW (1) RW (1) N0 B Note 1: 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE B-8: Wiper Voltage (VW) vs. Wiper Code (VDD = 3.0V, IW = 190 µA). VB 1.4 1.2 The wiper resistance is dependent on several factors including, wiper code, device VDD, Terminal voltages (on A, B and W), and temperature. FIGURE B-6: Diagram. Resistor Network Block Wiper Voltage (V) N1 1.0 0.8 0.6 -40C +25C +85C +125C 0.4 0.2 The characteristics of the wiper is determined by the characteristics of the wiper switch at each of the resistor networks tap points. Figure B-7 shows an example of a wiper switch. As the device operational voltage becomes lower, the characteristics of the wiper switch change due to a lower voltage on the VG signal. 0.0 0 32 64 96 128 160 Wiper Code 192 224 256 FIGURE B-9: Wiper Voltage (VW) vs. Wiper Code (VDD = 1.8V, IW = 190 µA). Figure B-7 shows an implementation of a wiper switch. When the transistor is turned off, the switch resistance is in the Giga s. When the transistor is turned on, the switch resistance is dependent on the VG, VW and VWCn voltages. This resistance is referred to as RW. RW (1) VG (VDD/VSS) “gate” NMOS NWC VWCn PMOS Wiper VW “gate” Note 1: Wiper Resistance (RW) depends on the voltages at the wiper switch nodes (VG, VW and VWCn). FIGURE B-7: Wiper Switch. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 81 MCP433X/435X RW RPMOS 140 RW 120 5.00E+09 100 4.00E+09 3.00E+09 80 NMOS PMOS Theshold Theshold 2.00E+09 60 40 1.00E+09 Wiper Resistance () 6.00E+09 20 0.00E+00 0 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 VIN Voltage 2.4 3.0 FIGURE B-12: NMOS and PMOS Transistor Resistance (RNMOS, RPMOS) and Wiper Resistance (RW) VS. VIN (VDD = 1.8V). 300 NMOS 250 Resistance () VOUT PMOS “gate” FIGURE B-10: 160 RNMOS VG (VDD/VSS) “gate” VIN 7.00E+09 NMOS and PMOS Resistance () Using the simulation models of the NMOS and PMOS devices for the MCP43XX analog switch (Figure B-10), we plot the device resistance when the devices are turned on. Figure B-11 and Figure B-12 show the resistances of the NMOS and PMOS devices as the VIN voltage is increased. The wiper resistance (RW) is simply the parallel resistance on the NMOS and PMOS devices (RW = RNMOS || RPMOS). Below the threshold voltage for the NMOS ad PMOS devices, the resistance becomes very large (Giga s). In the transistors active region, the resistance is much lower. For these graphs, the resistances are on different scales. Figure B-13 and Figure B-14 only plots the NMOS and PMOS device resistance for their active region and the resulting wiper resistance. For these graphs, all resistances are on the same scale. Analog Switch. 200 RNMOS RPMOS 150 100 RW 50 RW 2500 RNMOS 0 2.50E+10 2000 RPMOS 2.00E+10 1500 1.50E+10 1000 1.00E+10 NMOS 500 Theshold PMOS Theshold 5.00E+09 0.00E+00 0.0 Wiper Resistance () 0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 VIN Voltage 1.5 1.2 1.8 VIN Voltage 2.4 3.0 5000 1.8 FIGURE B-11: NMOS and PMOS Transistor Resistance (RNMOS, RPMOS) and Wiper Resistance (RW) VS. VIN (VDD = 3.0V). 0.6 FIGURE B-13: NMOS and PMOS Transistor Resistance (RNMOS, RPMOS) and Wiper Resistance (RW) VS. VIN (VDD = 3.0V). 4500 4000 Resistance () NMOS and PMOS Resistance () 3.00E+10 3500 3000 RNMOS 2500 RPMOS 2000 RW 1500 1000 500 0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 VIN Voltage 1.5 1.8 FIGURE B-14: NMOS and PMOS Transistor Resistance (RNMOS, RPMOS) and Wiper Resistance (RW) VS. VIN (VDD = 1.8V). DS22242A-page 82 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X B.2 Optimizing Circuit Design for LowVoltage Characteristics R1 The low-voltage nonlinear characteristics can be minimized by application design. The section will show two application circuits that can be used to control a programmable reference voltage (VOUT). A In example implementation #1 (Figure B-15) we window the digital potentiometer using resistors R1 and R2. When the wiper code is at full scale the VOUT voltage will be 0.6 * VDD, and when the wiper code is at zero scale the VOUT voltage will be 0.5 * VDD. Remember that the digital potentiometers RAB variation must be included. Table B-1 shows that the VOUT voltage can be selected to be between 0.455 * VDD and 0.727 * VDD, which includes the desired range. With respect to the voltages on the resistor network node, at 1.8V the VA voltage would range from 1.29V to 1.31V while the VB voltage would range from 0.82V to 0.86V. These voltages cause the wiper resistance to be in the nonlinear region (see Figure B-12). In Potentiometer mode, the variation of the wiper resistance is typically not an issue, as shown by the INL/DNL graph (Figure 2-7). VW W Minimizing the low-voltage nonlinear characteristics is done by keeping the voltages on the wiper switch nodes at a voltage where either the NMOS or PMOS transistor is turned on. An example of this is if we are using a digital potentiometer for a voltage reference (VOUT). Lets say that we want VOUT to range from 0.5 * VDD to 0.6 * VDD. VA B VOUT VB R2 FIGURE B-15: TABLE B-1: Example Implementation #1. EXAMPLE #1 VOLTAGE CALCULATIONS Variation Min Typ Max R1 12,000 12,000 12,000 R2 20,000 20,000 20,000 RAB 8,000 10,000 12,000 VOUT (@ FS) 0.714 VDD VOUT (@ ZS) 0.476 VDD 0.70 VDD 0.727 VDD 0.50 VDD 0.455 VDD VA 0.714 VDD 0.70 VDD 0.727 VDD VB 0.476 VDD 0.50 VDD 0.455 VDD Legend: FS – Full Scale, ZS – Zero Scale In example implementation #2 (Figure B-16) we use the digital potentiometer in Rheostat mode. The resistor ladder uses resistors R1 and R2 with RBW at the bottom of the ladder. When the wiper code is at full scale, the VOUT voltage will be 0.6 * VDD and when the wiper code is at full scale the VOUT voltage will be 0.5 * VDD. Remember that the digital potentiometers RAB variation must be included. Table B-2 shows that the VOUT voltage can be selected to be between 0.50 * VDD and 0.687 * VDD, which includes the desired range. With respect to the voltages on the resistor network node, at 1.8V the VW voltage would range from 0.29V to 0.38V. These voltages cause the wiper resistance to be in the linear region (see Figure B-12). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 83 MCP433X/435X R1 VOUT R2 A VA W B FIGURE B-16: TABLE B-2: VW VB Example Implementation #2. EXAMPLE #2 VOLTAGE CALCULATIONS Variation Min Typ Max R1 10,000 10,000 10,000 R2 10,000 10,000 10,000 RBW (max) 8,000 10,000 12,000 VOUT (@ FS) 0.667 VDD VOUT(@ ZS) 0.50 VDD 0.643 VDD 0.687 VDD 0.50 VDD 0.50 VDD VW (@ FS) 0.333 VDD 0.286 VDD 0.375 VDD VW (@ ZS) VSS VSS VSS Legend: FS – Full Scale, ZS – Zero Scale DS22242A-page 84 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP433X/435X PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. -XXX X /XX Device Resistance Version Temperature Range Package Device: MCP4331: MCP4331T: MCP4332: MCP4332T: MCP4351: MCP4351T: MCP4352: MCP4352T: Quad Volatile 7-bit Potentiometer Quad Volatile 7-bit Potentiometer (Tape and Reel) Quad Volatile 7-bit Rheostat Quad Volatile 7-bit Rheostat (Tape and Reel) Quad Volatile 8-bit Potentiometer Quad Volatile 8-bit Potentiometer (Tape and Reel) Quad Volatile 8-bit Rheostat Quad Volatile 8-bit Rheostat (Tape and Reel) Resistance Version: 502 103 503 104 = = = = 5 k 10 k 50 k 100 k Temperature Range: E = -40C to +125C (Extended) Package: ST = Plastic Thin Shrink Small Outline (TSSOP), 14/20-lead ML = Plastic Quad Flat No-lead (4x4 QFN), 20-lead 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Examples: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) MCP4331-502E/XX: MCP4331T-502E/XX: MCP4331-103E/XX: MCP4331T-103E/XX: MCP4331-503E/XX: MCP4331T-503E/XX: MCP4331-104E/XX: MCP4331T-104E/XX: 5 k 20-LD Device T/R, 5 k20-LD Device 10 k, 20-LD Device T/R, 10 k, 20-LD Device 50 k, 20-LD Device T/R, 50 k, 20-LD Device 100 k, 20-LD Device T/R, 100 k, 20-LD Device a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) MCP4332-502E/XX: MCP4332T-502E/XX: MCP4332-103E/XX: MCP4332T-103E/XX: MCP4332-503E/XX: MCP4332T-503E/XX: MCP4332-104E/XX: MCP4332T-104E/XX: 5 k 14-LD Device T/R, 5 k14-LD Device 10 k, 14-LD Device T/R, 10 k, 14-LD Device 50 k, 8LD Device T/R, 50 k, 14-LD Device 100 k, 14-LD Device T/R, 100 k, 14-LD Device a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) MCP4351-502E/XX: MCP4351T-502E/XX: MCP4351-103E/XX: MCP4351T-103E/XX: MCP4351-503E/XX: MCP4351T-503E/XX: MCP4351-104E/XX: MCP4351T-104E/XX: 5 k 20-LD Device T/R, 5 k20-LD Device 10 k, 20-LD Device T/R, 10 k, 20-LD Device 50 k, 20-LD Device T/R, 50 k, 20-LD Device 100 k, 20-LD Device T/R, 100 k, 20-LD Device a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) MCP4352-502E/XX: MCP4352T-502E/XX: MCP4352-103E/XX: MCP4352T-103E/XX: MCP4352-503E/XX: MCP4352T-503E/XX: MCP4352-104E/XX: MCP4352T-104E/XX: 5 k 14-LD Device T/R, 5 k14-LD Device 10 k, 14-LD Device T/R, 10 k, 14-LD Device 50 k, 14-LD Device T/R, 50 k, 14-LD Device 100 k, 14-LD Device T/R, 100 k, 14-LD Device XX = ST for 14/20-lead TSSOP = ML for 20-lead QFN DS22242A-page 85 MCP433X/435X NOTES: DS22242A-page 86 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. 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Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Octopus, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2010, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-60932-061-4 Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22242A-page 87 WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE AMERICAS ASIA/PACIFIC ASIA/PACIFIC EUROPE Corporate Office 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 480-792-7200 Fax: 480-792-7277 Technical Support: http://support.microchip.com Web Address: www.microchip.com Asia Pacific Office Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor Tower 6, The Gateway Harbour City, Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 India - Bangalore Tel: 91-80-3090-4444 Fax: 91-80-3090-4123 India - New Delhi Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 Fax: 91-11-4160-8632 Austria - Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393 Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4450-2828 Fax: 45-4485-2829 India - Pune Tel: 91-20-2566-1512 Fax: 91-20-2566-1513 France - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 Japan - Yokohama Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122 Germany - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Atlanta Duluth, GA Tel: 678-957-9614 Fax: 678-957-1455 Boston Westborough, MA Tel: 774-760-0087 Fax: 774-760-0088 Chicago Itasca, IL Tel: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075 Cleveland Independence, OH Tel: 216-447-0464 Fax: 216-447-0643 Dallas Addison, TX Tel: 972-818-7423 Fax: 972-818-2924 Detroit Farmington Hills, MI Tel: 248-538-2250 Fax: 248-538-2260 Kokomo Kokomo, IN Tel: 765-864-8360 Fax: 765-864-8387 Los Angeles Mission Viejo, CA Tel: 949-462-9523 Fax: 949-462-9608 Santa Clara Santa Clara, CA Tel: 408-961-6444 Fax: 408-961-6445 Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 905-673-6509 Australia - Sydney Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 61-2-9868-6755 China - Beijing Tel: 86-10-8528-2100 Fax: 86-10-8528-2104 China - Chengdu Tel: 86-28-8665-5511 Fax: 86-28-8665-7889 Korea - Daegu Tel: 82-53-744-4301 Fax: 82-53-744-4302 China - Chongqing Tel: 86-23-8980-9588 Fax: 86-23-8980-9500 Korea - Seoul Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or 82-2-558-5934 China - Hong Kong SAR Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Tel: 60-3-6201-9857 Fax: 60-3-6201-9859 China - Nanjing Tel: 86-25-8473-2460 Fax: 86-25-8473-2470 Malaysia - Penang Tel: 60-4-227-8870 Fax: 60-4-227-4068 China - Qingdao Tel: 86-532-8502-7355 Fax: 86-532-8502-7205 Philippines - Manila Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Fax: 63-2-634-9069 China - Shanghai Tel: 86-21-5407-5533 Fax: 86-21-5407-5066 Singapore Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850 China - Shenyang Tel: 86-24-2334-2829 Fax: 86-24-2334-2393 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 886-3-6578-300 Fax: 886-3-6578-370 China - Shenzhen Tel: 86-755-8203-2660 Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: 886-7-536-4818 Fax: 886-7-536-4803 China - Wuhan Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 Taiwan - Taipei Tel: 886-2-2500-6610 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102 China - Xian Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Fax: 86-29-8833-7256 Thailand - Bangkok Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Fax: 66-2-694-1350 Italy - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611 Fax: 39-0331-466781 Netherlands - Drunen Tel: 31-416-690399 Fax: 31-416-690340 Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90 Fax: 34-91-708-08-91 UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5869 Fax: 44-118-921-5820 China - Xiamen Tel: 86-592-2388138 Fax: 86-592-2388130 China - Zhuhai Tel: 86-756-3210040 Fax: 86-756-3210049 01/05/10 DS22242A-page 88 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.