DATA SHEET 288M bits Direct Rambus DRAM for High Performance Solution µPD488588FF-C80-40 (512K words × 18 bits × 32s banks) Description Features The Direct Rambus DRAM (Direct RDRAM) is a general purpose high-performance memory device suitable for use in a broad range of applications including computer memory, graphics, video, and any other application where high bandwidth and low latency are required. The µPD488588FF is 288Mbits Direct Rambus DRAM (RDRAM), organized as 16M words by 18 bits. The use of Rambus Signaling Level (RSL) technology permits 800MHz transfer rates while using conventional system and board design technologies. Direct RDRAM devices are capable of sustained data transfers at 1.25ns per two bytes (10ns per sixteen bytes). The architecture of the Direct RDRAMs allows the highest sustained bandwidth for multiple, simultaneous randomly addressed memory transactions. The separate control and data buses with independent row and column control yield over 95% bus efficiency. The Direct RDRAM’s four banks support up to four simultaneous transactions. System oriented features for mobile, graphics and large memory systems include power management, byte masking. The µPD488588FF is offered in a CSP horizontal package suitable for desktop as well as low-profile add-in card and mobile applications. Direct RDRAMs operate from a 2.5V supply. • Highest sustained bandwidth per DRAM device — 1.6 GB/s sustained data transfer rate — Separate control and data buses for maximized efficiency — Separate row and column control buses for easy scheduling and highest performance — 32 banks: four transactions can take place simultaneously at full bandwidth data rates • Low latency features — Write buffer to reduce read latency — 3 precharge mechanisms for controller flexibility — Interleaved transactions • Advanced power management: — Multiple low power states allows flexibility in power consumption versus time to active state — Power-down self-refresh • Overdrive current mode • Organization: 2K bytes pages and 32 banks, x 18 • Uses Rambus Signaling Level (RSL) for up to 800MHz operation • Package : 80-ball FBGA (µ BGA) (17.16 × 10.2) Application The µPD488588FF is most appropriate for the applications, such as consumer products demanding vivid animations, processor memory for multimedia and 3D graphics, network processing and storage systems requiring scalability to accommodate future designs. Document No. E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) Date Published July 2002 (K) Japan URL: http://www.elpida.com Elpida Memory,Inc. 2002 Elpida Memory, Inc. is a joint venture DRAM company of NEC Corporation and Hitachi, Ltd. µPD488588FF-C80-40 Ordering Information Part number Organization* words × bits × Internal Banks Clock frequency MHz (max.) /RAS access time (ns) µ PD488588FF-C80-40-DH1 512K x 18 x 32s 800 40 Package 80-ball FBGA (µ BGA) (17.16 × 10.2) Note: The “32s” designation indicates that this RDRAM core is composed of 32 banks which use a “split” bank architecture 2 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Pin Configuration 80-ball FBGA (µ BGA) (17.16 × 10.2) Top View 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O A O B O C VDD GND 10 D E F G H J K L M N P O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O R O S O T U GND VDD 9 8 GND VDD CMD VDD GND GNDa GNDa VDD 7 VDD DQA8 DQA7 DQA5 DQA3 DQA1 CTMN CTM 4 GND GND DQA6 DQA4 DQA2 DQA0 CFM 3 VDD GND SCK VDD GND VDD GND B C VDD GND VDD VDD GND GND VCMOS VDD GND ROW2 ROW0 COL3 COL1 DQB1 DQB3 DQB5 DQB7 DQB8 VDD CFMN ROW1 COL4 COL2 COL0 DQB0 DQB2 DQB4 DQB6 GND GND VDDa VREF GND VDD GND GND VDD SIO0 SIO1 GND VDD GND VDD S T GND 6 5 VCMOS GND 2 1 A D E F G H J K L M N P R U Note Some signals can be applied because this pin is not connected to the inside of the chip. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 3 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Pin Description Signal SIO0, SIO1 Input / Output Type #pins Description Note1 2 Serial input/output. Pins for reading from and writing to the control registers using Input CMOS Note1 1 Command input. Pins used in conjunction with SIO0 and SIO1 for reading from Input Note1 Input / Output CMOS a serial access protocol. Also used for power management. CMD and writing to the control registers. Also used for power management. SCK CMOS 1 Serial clock input. Clock source used for reading from and writing to the control registers. VDD 18 Supply voltage for the RDRAM core and interface logic. VDDa 1 Supply voltage for the RDRAM analog circuitry. VCMOS 2 Supply voltage for CMOS input/output pins. GND 22 Ground reference for RDRAM core and interface. 2 Ground reference for RDRAM analog circuitry. 9 Data byte A. Nine pins which carry a byte of read or write data between the GNDa DQA8..DQA0 Input / Output RSL Note2 RSL Note2 RSL Note2 Channel and the RDRAM. CFM Input 1 Clock from master. Interface clock used for receiving RSL signals from the Channel. Positive polarity. CFMN Input 1 Clock from master. Interface clock used for receiving RSL signals from the Channel. Negative polarity. VREF 1 Logic threshold reference voltage for RSL signals. Note2 1 Clock to master. Interface clock used for transmitting RSL signals to the Channel. CTMN Input RSL CTM Input RSL Note2 1 Clock to master. Interface clock used for transmitting RSL signals to the Channel. ROW2..ROW0 Input RSL Note2 3 Row access control. Three pins containing control and address information for Input Note2 Negative polarity. Positive polarity. row accesses. COL4..COL0 RSL 5 Column access control. Five pins containing control and address information for column accesses. DQB8..DQB0 Input / Output RSL Note2 9 Data byte B. Nine pins which carry a byte of read or write data between the Channel and the RDRAM. Total pin count per package 80 Notes 1. All CMOS signals are high-true ; a high voltage is a logic one and a low voltage is logic zero. 2. All RSL signals are low-true ; a low voltage is a logic one and a high voltage is logic zero. 4 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Block Diagram RQ7..RQ5 or ROW2..ROW0 DQB8..DQB0 CTM CTMN SCK, CMD SIO0, SIO1 3 9 2 RQ4..RQ0 or COL4..COL0 CFM CFMN 2 DQA8..DQA0 5 9 RCLK RCLK 1:8 Demux 1:8 Demux TCLK RCLK Packet Decode ROWR ROWA 11 ROP AV 5 5 DR BR Match DM Packet Decode COLC Control Registers COLX 9 6 R REFR Power Modes DEVID Mux XOP M 5 5 DX BX 5 COP S Match Row Decode 5 5 DC BC Match C 8 8 MB MA Write Buffer XOP Decode PRER ACT COLM 7 PREX Mux Mux Column Decode & Mask Sense Amp 64x72 64x72 Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 SAmp 13/14 SAmp 14/15 SAmp 17/18 SAmp 16/17 SAmp 16 SAmp 15 RCLK TCLK 8:1 Mux SAmp 29/30 SAmp SAmp 30/31 31 Bank 31 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 9 SAmp SAmp 30/31 31 Bank 30 SAmp 29/30 Bank 29 • • • 8:1 Mux • • • 9 9 SAmp 17/18 Bank 18 9 TCLK Bank 17 SAmp 16/17 9 • • • Bank 16 9 SAmp 16 9 72 1:8 Demux Bank 15 Internal DQA Data Path Write Buffer Bank 14 SAmp 15 Write Buffer Bank 13 • • • SAmp 14/15 1:8 Demux • • • 72 RCLK • • • SAmp 13/14 9 9 9 RD, WR SAmp 1/2 SAmp 1/2 72 512x128x144 SAmp SAmp 0/1 0 72 SAmp SAmp 0/1 0 64x72 Internal DQB Data Path PREC DRAM Core 5 µPD488588FF-C80-40 CONTENTS 1. General Description.................................................................................................................................................8 2. Packet Format ........................................................................................................................................................10 3. Field Encoding Summary......................................................................................................................................12 4. DQ Packet Timing ..................................................................................................................................................14 5. COLM Packet to D Packet Mapping......................................................................................................................14 6. ROW-to-ROW Packet Interaction..........................................................................................................................16 7. ROW-to-COL Packet Interaction ...........................................................................................................................18 8. COL-to-COL Packet Interaction ............................................................................................................................19 9. COL-to-ROW Packet Interaction ...........................................................................................................................20 10. ROW-to-ROW Examples ......................................................................................................................................21 11. Row and Column Cycle Description ..................................................................................................................22 12. Precharge Mechanisms.......................................................................................................................................23 13. Read Transaction - Example...............................................................................................................................25 14. Write Transaction - Example...............................................................................................................................26 15. Write/Retire - Examples.......................................................................................................................................27 16. Interleaved Write - Example ................................................................................................................................29 17. Interleaved Read - Example ................................................................................................................................30 18. Interleaved RRWW - Example .............................................................................................................................31 19. Control Register Transactions............................................................................................................................32 20. Control Register Packets ....................................................................................................................................33 21. Initialization ..........................................................................................................................................................34 22. Control Register Summary..................................................................................................................................38 23. Power State Management....................................................................................................................................47 24. Refresh..................................................................................................................................................................52 25. Current and Temperature Control ......................................................................................................................54 26. Electrical Conditions ...........................................................................................................................................55 27. Timing Conditions ...............................................................................................................................................56 28. Electrical Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................58 29. Timing Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................58 30. RSL Clocking........................................................................................................................................................59 31. RSL - Receive Timing ..........................................................................................................................................60 32. RSL - Transmit Timing.........................................................................................................................................61 33. CMOS - Receive Timing.......................................................................................................................................62 34. CMOS - Transmit Timing .....................................................................................................................................64 35. RSL - Domain Crossing Window ........................................................................................................................65 36. Timing Parameters...............................................................................................................................................66 37. Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................................................67 6 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 38. IDD - Supply Current Profile .................................................................................................................................67 39. Capacitance and Inductance ..............................................................................................................................68 40. Interleaved Device Mode .....................................................................................................................................70 41. Glossary of Terms ...............................................................................................................................................74 42. Package Drawing .................................................................................................................................................76 43. Recommended Soldering Conditions ................................................................................................................77 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 7 µPD488588FF-C80-40 1. General Description The figure on page 5 is a block diagram of the µ PD488588. It consists of two major blocks : a “core” block built from banks and sense amps similar to those found in other types of DRAM, and a Direct Rambus interface block which permits an external controller to access this core at up to 1.6 GB/s. Control Registers: The CMD, SCK, SIO0, and SIO1 pins appear in the upper center of the block diagram. They are used to write and read a block of control registers. These registers supply the RDRAM configuration information to a controller and they select the operating modes of the device. The nine bit REFR value is used for tracking the last refreshed row. Most importantly, the five bits DEVID specifies the device address of the RDRAM on the Channel. Clocking: The CTM and CTMN pins (Clock-To-Master) generate TCLK (Transmit Clock), the internal clock used to transmit read data. The CFM and CFMN pins (Clock-From-Master) generate RCLK (Receive Clock), the internal clock signal used to receive write data and to receive the ROW and COL pins. DQA, DQB Pins: These 18 pins carry read (Q) and write (D) data across the Channel. They are multiplexed / demultiplexed from / to two 72-bit data paths (running at one-eighth the data frequency) inside the RDRAM. Banks: The 32 Mbyte core of the RDRAM is divided into 32 one-Mbyte banks, each organized as 512 rows, with each row containing 128 dualocts (2K bytes), and each dualoct containing 16 bytes. A dualoct is the smallest unit of data that can be addressed. Sense Amps: The RDRAM contains 34 sense amps. Each sense amp consists of 1,024 bytes of fast storage (512 for DQA and 512 for DQB) and can hold one-half of one row of one bank of the RDRAM. The sense amp may hold any of the 512 half-rows of an associated bank. However, each sense amp is shared between two adjacent banks of the RDRAM (except for numbers 0, 15, 30, and 31). This introduces the restriction that adjacent banks may not be simultaneously accessed. RQ Pins: These pins carry control and address information. They are broken into two groups. RQ7..RQ5 are also called ROW2..ROW0, and are used primarily for controlling row accesses. RQ4..RQ0 are also called COL4..COL0, and are used primarily for controlling column accesses. ROW Pins: The principle use of these three pins is to manage the transfer of data between the banks and the sense amps of the RDRAM. These pins are de-multiplexed into a 24-bit ROWA (row-activate) or ROWR (row-operation) packet. COL Pins: The principle use of these five pins is to manage the transfer of data between the DQA/DQB pins and the sense amps of the RDRAM. These pins are de-multiplexed into a 23-bit COLC (column-operation) packet and either a 17-bit COLM (mask) packet or a 17-bit COLX (extended-operation) packet. ACT Command: An ACT (activate) command from an ROWA packet causes one of the 512 rows of the selected bank to be loaded to its associated sense amps (two 512 byte sense amps for DQA and two for DQB). PRER Command: A PRER (precharge) command from an ROWR packet causes the selected bank to release its two associated sense amps, permitting a different row in that bank to be activated, or permitting adjacent banks to be activated. 8 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 RD Command: The RD (read) command causes one of the 128 dualocts of one of the sense amps to be transmitted on the DQA/DQB pins of the Channel. WR Command: The WR (write) command causes a dualoct received from the DQA/DQB data pins of the Channel to be loaded into the write buffer. There is also space in the write buffer for the BC bank address and C column address information. The data in the write buffer is automatically retired (written with optional bytemask) to one of the 128 dualocts of one of the sense amps during a subsequent COP command. A retire can take place during a RD, WR, or NOCOP to another device, or during a WR or NOCOP to the same device. The write buffer will not retire during a RD to the same device. The write buffer reduces the delay needed for the internal DQA/DQB data path turnaround. PREC Precharge: The PREC, RDA and WRA commands are similar to NOCOP, RD and WR, except that a precharge operation is performed at the end of the column operation. These commands provide a second mechanism for performing precharge. PREX Precharge: After a RD command, or after a WR command with no byte masking (M=0), a COLX packet may be used to specify an extended operation (XOP). The most important XOP command is PREX. This command provides a third mechanism for performing precharge. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 9 µPD488588FF-C80-40 2. Packet Format Figure 2-1 shows the formats of the ROWA and ROWR packets on the ROW pins. Table 2-1 describes the fields which comprise these packets. DR4T and DR4F bits are encoded to contain both the DR4 device address bit and a framing bit which allows the ROWA or ROWR packet to be recognized by the RDRAM. The AV (ROWA/ROWR packet selection) bit distinguishes between the two packet types. Both the ROWA and ROWR packet provide a five bit device address and a four bit bank address. An ROWA packet uses the remaining bits to specify a nine bit row address, and the ROWR packet uses the remaining bits for an eleven bit opcode field. Note the use of the “RsvX” notation to reserve bits for future address field extension. Figure 2-1 also shows the formats of the COLC, COLM, and COLX packets on the COL pins. Table 2-2 describes the fields which comprise these packets. The COLC packet uses the S (Start) bit for framing. A COLM or COLX packet is aligned with this COLC packet, and is also framed by the S bit. The 23 bit COLC packet has a five bit device address, a four bit bank address, a six bit column address, and a four bit opcode. The COLC packet specifies a read or write command, as well as some power management commands. The remaining 17 bits are interpreted as a COLM (M=1) or COLX (M=0) packet. A COLM packet is used for a COLC write command which needs bytemask control. The COLM packet is associated with the COLC packet from a time tRTR earlier. An COLX packet may be used to specify an independent precharge command. It contains a five bit device address, a four bit bank address, and a five bit opcode. The COLX packet may also be used to specify some housekeeping and power management commands. The COLX packet is framed within a COLC packet but is not otherwise associated with any other packet. Table 2-1 Field Description for ROWA Packet and ROWR Packet Field Description DR4T, DR4F Bits for framing (recognizing) a ROWA or ROWR packet. Also encodes highest device address bit. DR3..DR0 Device address for ROWA or ROWR packet. BR4..BR0 Bank address for ROWA or ROWR packet. RsvB denotes bits ignored by the RDRAM. AV Selects between ROWA packet (AV=1) and ROWR packet (AV=0). R8..R0 Row address for ROWA packet. RsvR denotes bits reserved for future row address extension. ROP10..ROP0 Opcode field for ROWR packet. Specifies precharge, refresh, and power management functions. Table 2-2 Field Description for COLC Packet, COLM Packet, and COLX Packet Field Description S Bit for framing (recognizing) a COLC packet, and indirectly for framing COLM and COLX packets. DC4..DC0 Device address for COLC packet. BC4..BC0 Bank address for COLC packet. RsvB denotes bits reserved for future extension (controller drivers 0's). C6..C0 Column address for COLC packet. COP3..COP0 Opcode field for COLC packet. Specifies read, write, precharge, and power management functions. M Selects between COLM packet (M=1) and COLX packet (M=0). MA7..MA0 Bytemask write control bits. 1=write, 0=no-write. MA0 controls the earliest byte on DQA8..0. MB7..MB0 Bytemask write control bits. 1=write, 0=no-write. MB0 controls the earliest byte on DQB8..0. DX4..DX0 Device address for COLX packet. BX4..BX0 Bank address for COLX packet. RsvB denotes bits reserved for future extension (controller drivers 0's). XOP4..XOP0 Opcode field for COLX packet. Specifies precharge, IOL control, and power management functions. 10 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 2-1 Packet Formats T0 T1 T2 T3 T8 CTM/CFM T9 T 10 T 11 CTM/CFM ROW2 DR4T DR2 BR0 BR3 RsvR R8 R5 R2 ROW2 DR4T DR2 BR0 BR3 ROP10ROP8ROP5 ROP2 ROW1 DR4F DR1 BR1 BR4 RsvR R7 R4 R1 ROW1 DR4F DR1 BR1 BR4 ROP9ROP7ROP4ROP1 ROW0 DR3 DR0 BR2 RsvB AV=1 R3 R0 ROW0 DR3 DR0 BR2 RsvB AV=0 ROP6ROP3ROP0 R6 ROWA Packet T0 T1 ROWR Packet T2 T3 T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12 T 13 T 14 T 15 CTM/CFM CTM/CFM S=1 C6 C4 C5 C3 COL4 DC4 COL3 DC3 COL2 DC2 COP1 RsvB BC2 C2 COL1 DC1 COP0 BC4 BC1 C1 COL0 DC0 COP2 COP3 BC3 BC0 C0 ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 COL4 ..COL0 WR b1 PRER c0 t PACKET MSK (b1) PREX d0 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 COLC Packet T8 T9 T 10 CTM/CFM T 11 T 12 T 13 T 14 T 15 CTM/CFM Note1 Note2 COL4 S=1 MA7 MA5 MA3 MA1 COL4 S=1 DX4 XOP4 RsvB BX1 COL3 M=1 MA6 MA4 MA2 MA0 COL3 M=0 DX3 XOP3 BX4 BX0 COL2 MB7 MB4 MB1 COL2 DX2 XOP2 BX3 COL1 MB6 MB3 MB0 COL1 DX1 XOP1 BX2 COL0 MB5 MB2 COL0 DX0 XOP0 COLM Packet COLX Packet Notes 1. The COLM is associated with a previous COLC, and is aligned with the present COLC, indicated by the Start bit (S=1) position. 2. The COLX is aligned with the present COLC, indicates by the Start bit (S=1) position. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 11 µPD488588FF-C80-40 3. Field Encoding Summary Table 3-1 shows how the six device address bits are decoded for the ROWA and ROWR packets. The DR4T and DR4F encoding merges a fifth device bit with a framing bit. When neither bit is asserted, the device is not selected. Note that a broadcast operation is indicated when both bits are set. Broadcast operation would typically be used for refresh and power management commands. If the device is selected, the DM (DeviceMatch) signal is asserted and an ACT or ROP command is performed. Table 3-1 Device Field Encodings for ROWA Packet and ROWR Packet DR4T DR4F Device Selection Device Match signal (DM) 1 1 All devices (broadcast) DM is set to 1 0 1 One device selected DM is set to 1 if {DEVID4..DEVID0} == {0, DR3..DR0} else DM is set to 0 1 0 One device selected DM is set to 1 if {DEVID4..DEVID0} == {1, DR3..DR0} else DM is set to 0 0 0 No packet present DM is set to 0 Table 3-2 shows the encodings of the remaining fields of the ROWA and ROWR packets. An ROWA packet is specified by asserting the AV bit. This causes the specified row of the specified bank of this device to be loaded into the associated sense amps. An ROWR packet is specified when AV is not asserted. An 11 bit opcode field encodes a command for one of the banks of this device. The PRER command causes a bank and its two associated sense amps to precharge, so another row or an adjacent bank may be activated. The REFA (refresh-activate) command is similar to the ACT command, except the row address comes from an internal register REFR, and REFR is incremented at the largest bank address. The REFP (refresh-precharge) command is identical to a PRER command. The NAPR, NAPRC, PDNR, ATTN, and RLXR commands are used for managing the power dissipation of the RDRAM and are described in more detail in “23. Power State Management”. The TCEN and TCAL commands are used to adjust the output driver slew rate and they are described in more detail in “25. Current and Temperature Control”. Table 3-2 ROWA Packet and ROWR Packet Field Encodings DM AV Note1 ROP10..ROP0 Field 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 — — — 0 — — — — — — 1 1 Row address 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 x x 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 x x 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 x x 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 x x x x x x 1 0 x x x x x 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 3 Name Command Description — No operation. ACT Activate row R8..R0 of bank BR4..BR0 of device and move device to ATTN Note2. 2 :0 --- Note3 x x 000 PRER Precharge bank BR4..BR0 of this device. 0 0 x 000 REFA Refresh (activate) row REFR8..REFR0 of bank BR3..BR0 of device. Increment REFR if BR4..BR0=11111 (see Figure 24-1). x 000 REFP Precharge bank BR4..BR0 of this device after REFA (see Figure 24-1). x 000 PDNR Move this device into the powerdown (PDN) power state (see figure 23-3). x 000 NAPR Move this device into the nap (NAP) power state (see Figure 23-3). x 000 NAPRC Move this device into the nap (NAP) power state conditionally. x 0 Note2 000 ATTN Move this device into the attention (ATTN) power state (see Figure 23-1). x x 1 000 RLXR Move this device into the standby (STBY) power state (see Figure 23-2). 0 0 x 001 TCAL Temperature calibrate this device (see figure 25-2). 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 010 TCEN Temperature calibrate/enable this device (see Figure 25-2). 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 NOROP No operation. Notes 1. The DM (Device Match signal) value is determined by the DR4T, DR4F, DR3..DR0 field of the ROWA and ROWR packets. See Table 3-1. 2. The ATTN command does not cause a RLX-to-ATTN transition for a broadcast operation (DR4T/DR4F=1/1). 3. An “x” entry indicates which commands may be combined. For instance, the three commands PRER/NAPRC/RLXR may be specified in one ROP value (011000111000). 12 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Table 3-3 shows the COP field encoding. The device must be in the ATTN power state in order to receive COLC packets. The COLC packet is used primarily to specify RD (read) and WR (write) commands. Retire operations (moving data from the write buffer to a sense amp) happen automatically. See Figure 15-1 for a more detailed description. The COLC packet can also specify a PREC command, which precharges a bank and its associated sense amps. The RDA/WRA commands are equivalent to a combining RD/WR with a PREC. RLXC (relax) performs a power mode transition. See 23. Power State Management. Table 3-3 COLC Packet Field Encodings S DC4..DC0 (select device) Note1 COP3..0 Name Command Description 0 ---- ----- — No operation. 1 /= (DEVID4..0) ----- — Retire write buffer of this device. 1 == (DEVID4..0) x000 Note2 NOCOP Retire write buffer of this device. 1 == (DEVID4..0) x001 WR Retire write buffer of this device, then write column C6..C0 of bank BC4..BC0 to write buffer. 1 == (DEVID4..0) x010 RSRV Reserved, no operation. 1 == (DEVID4..0) x011 RD Read column C6..C0 of bank BC4..BC0 of this device. 1 == (DEVID4..0) x100 PREC Retire write buffer of this device, then precharge bank BC4..BC0 (see Figure 12-2). 1 == (DEVID4..0) x101 WRA Same as WR, but precharge bank BC4..BC0 after write buffer (with new data) is retired. 1 == (DEVID4..0) x110 RSRV Reserved, no operation. 1 == (DEVID4..0) x111 RDA Same as RD, but precharge bank BC4..BC0 afterward. 1 == (DEVID4..0) 1xxx RLXC Move this device into the standby (STBY) power state (see Figure 23-2). Notes 1. “/=” means not equal, “==” means equal. 2. An “x” entry indicates which commands may be combined. For instance, the two commands WR/RLXC may be specified in one COP value(1001). Table 3-4 shows the COLM and COLX field encodings. The M bit is asserted to specify a COLM packet with two 8 bit bytemask fields MA and MB. If the M bit is not asserted, an COLX is specified. It has device and bank address fields, and an opcode field. The primary use of the COLX packet is to permit an independent PREX (precharge) command to be specified without consuming control bandwidth on the ROW pins. It is also used for the CAL (calibrate) and SAM (sample) current control commands (see 25. Current and Temperature Control), and for the RLXX power mode command (see 23. Power State Management). Table 3-4 COLM Packet and COLX Packet Field Encodings M DX4..DX0 XOP4..0 Name (select device) Command Description 1 ---- - MSK MB/MA bytemasks used by WR/WRA. 0 /= (DEVID4..0) - — No operation. NOXOP No operation. 0 == (DEVID4..0) 00000 0 == (DEVID4..0) 1xxx0 Note PREX Precharge bank BX4..BX0 of this device (see Figure 12-2). 0 == (DEVID4..0) x10x0 CAL Calibrate (drive) IOL current for this device (see Figure 25-1). 0 == (DEVID4..0) x11x0 CAL / SAM Calibrate (drive) and Sample (update) IOL current for this device (see Figure 25-1). 0 == (DEVID4..0) xxx10 RLXX Move this device into the standby (STBY) power state (see Figure 23-2). 0 == (DEVID4..0) xxxx1 RSRV Reserved, no operation. Note An “x” entry indicates which commands may be combined. For instance, the two commands PREX/RLXX may be specified in one XOP value (10010). Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 13 µPD488588FF-C80-40 4. DQ Packet Timing Figure 4-1 shows the timing relationship of COLC packets with D and Q data packets. This document uses a specific convention for measuring time intervals between packets: all packets on the ROW and COL pins (ROWA, ROWR, COLC, COLM, COLX) use the trailing edge of the packet as a reference point, and all packets on the DQA/DQB pins (D and Q) use the leading edge of the packet as a reference point. An RD or RDA command will transmit a dualoct of read data Q a time tCAC later. This time includes one to five cycles of round-trip propagation delay on the Channel. The tCAC parameter may be programmed to a one of a range of values (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 tCYCLE). The value chosen depends upon the number of RDRAM devices on the Channel and the RDRAM timing bin. See Figure 22-1(5/7) “TPARM Register” for more information. A WR or WRA command will receive a dualoct of write data D a time tCWD later. This time does not need to include the round-trip propagation time of the Channel since the COLC and D packets are traveling in the same direction. When a Q packet follows a D packet (shown in the left half of the figure), a gap (tCAC-tCWD) will automatically appear between them because the tCWD value is always less than the tCAC value. There will be no gap between the two COLC packets with the WR and RD commands which schedule the D and Q packets. When a D packet follows a Q packet (shown in the right half of the figure), no gap is needed between them because the tCWD value is less than the tCAC value. However, a gap of tCAC - tCWD or greater must be inserted between the COLC packets with the RD WR commands by the controller so the Q and D packets do not overlap. Figure 4-1 Read (Q) and Write (D) Data Packet - Timing for tCAC = 7,8,9,10,11 or 12 tCYCLE T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM This gap on the DQA/DQB pins appears automatically ROW2 ..ROW0 t CAC -t CWD t CAC -t CWD t CWD COL4 ..COL0 This gap on the COL pins must be inserted by the controller WR a1 ••• ••• RD b1 WR d1 t CWD RD c1 Q (c1) Q (b1) DQA8..0 DQB8..0 D (d1) D (a1) t CAC ••• ••• t CAC 5. COLM Packet to D Packet Mapping Figure 5-1 shows a write operation initiated by a WR command in a COLC packet. If a subset of the 16 bytes of write data are to be written, then a COLM packet is transmitted on the COL pins a time tRTR after the COLC packet containing the WR command. The M bit of the COLM packet is set to indicate that it contains the MA and MB mask fields. Note that this COLM packet is aligned with the COLC packet which causes the write buffer to be retired. See Figure 15-1 for more details. If all 16 bytes of the D data packet are to be written, then no further control information is required. The packet slot that would have been used by the COLM packet (tRTR after the COLC packet) is available to be used as an COLX packet. This could be used for a PREX precharge command or for a housekeeping command (this case is not shown). The M bit is not asserted in an COLX packet and causes all 16 bytes of the previous WR to be written unconditionally. Note that a RD command will never need a COLM packet, and will always be able to use the COLX packet option (a read operation has no need for the byte-write-enable control bits). The figure 5-1 also shows the mapping between the MA and MB fields of the COLM packet and bytes of the D packet on the DQA and DQB pins. Each mask bit controls whether a byte of data is written (=1) or not written (=0). 14 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 5-1 Mapping between COLM Packet and D Packet for WR Command T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a2 ACT b0 t RTR COL4 ..COL0 WR a1 retire (a1) MSK (a1) t CWD DQA8..0 DQB8..0 D (a1) Transaction a: WR a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} a3 = {Da,Ba} COLM Packet T 17 T 18 D Packet T 19 T 20 CTM/CFM T 19 T 20 T 21 T 22 CTM/CFM COL4 MA7 MA5 MA3 MA1 DQB8 DB8 DB17 DB26 DB35 DB45 DB53 DB62 DB71 COL3 M=1 MA6 MA4 MA2 MA0 DQB7 DB7 DB16 DB25 DB34 DB44 DB52 DB61 DB70 COL2 MB7 MB4 MB1 • • • COL1 MB6 MB3 MB0 DQB1 DB1 DB10 DB19 DB28 DB37 DB46 DB55 DB64 COL0 MB5 MB2 DQB0 DB0 DB9 DB18 DB27 DB36 DB45 DB54 DB63 MB0 MB1 MB2 DQA8 DA8 DA17 DA26 DA35 DA45 DA53 DA62 DA71 DQA7 DA7 DA16 DA25 DA34 DA44 DA52 DA61 DA70 DQA1 DA1 DA10 DA19 DA28 DA37 DA46 DA55 DA64 DQA0 DA0 DA9 DA18 DA27 DA36 DA45 DA54 DA63 MA0 MA1 MA2 MB3 MB4 MB5 MB6 MB7 Each bit of the MB7..MB0 field controls writing (=1) or no writing (=0) of the indicated DB bits when the M bit of the COLM packet is one. When M=1, the MA and MB fields control writing of individual data bytes. When M=0, all data bytes are written unconditionally. • • • Each bit of the MA7..MA0 field controls writing (=1) or no writing (=0) of the indicated DA bits when the M bit of the COLM packet is one. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) MA3 MA4 MA5 MA6 MA7 15 µPD488588FF-C80-40 6. ROW-to-ROW Packet Interaction Figure 6-1 shows two packets on the ROW pins separated by an interval tRRDELAY which depends upon the packet contents. No other ROW packets are sent to banks {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} between packet “a” and packet “b” unless noted otherwise. Figure 6-1 ROW-to-ROW Packet Interaction - Timing T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T CTM/CFM t RRDELAY ROW2 ..ROW0 ROPa a0 ROPb b0 COL4 ..COL0 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 Transaction a: ROPa Transaction b: ROPb a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0= {Db,Bb,Rb} Table 6-1 summarizes the tRRDELAY values for all possible cases. Cases RR1 through RR4 show two successive ACT commands. In case RR1, there is no restriction since the ACT commands are to different devices. In case RR2, the tRR restriction applies to the same device with non-adjacent banks. Cases RR3 and RR4 are illegal (as shown) since bank Ba needs to be precharged. If a PRER to Ba, Ba+1, or Ba-1 is inserted, tRRDELAY is tRC (tRAS to the PRER command, and tRP to the next ACT). Cases RR5 through RR8 show an ACT command followed by a PRER command. In cases RR5 and RR6, there are no restrictions since the commands are to different devices or to non-adjacent banks of the same device. In cases RR7 and RR8, the tRAS restriction means the activated bank must wait before it can be precharged. Cases RR9 through RR12 show a PRER command followed by an ACT command. In cases RR9 and RR10, there are essentially no restrictions since the commands are to different devices or to non-adjacent banks of the same device. RR10a and RR10b depend upon whether a bracketed bank (Ba+-1) is precharged or activated. In cases RR11 and RR12, the same and adjacent banks must all wait tRP for the sense amp and bank to precharge before being activated. Cases RR13 through RR16 summarize the combinations of two successive PRER commands. In case RR13 there is no restriction since two devices are addressed. In RR14, tPP applies, since the same device is addressed. In RR15 and RR16, the same bank or an adjacent bank may be given repeated PRER commands with only the tPP restriction. Two adjacent banks can’t be activate simultaneously. A precharge command to one bank will thus affect the state of the adjacent banks (and sense amps). If bank Ba is activate and a PRER is directed to Ba, then bank Ba will be precharged along with sense amps Ba-1/Ba and Ba/Ba+1. If bank Ba+1 is activate and a PRER is directed to Ba, then bank Ba+1 will be precharged along with sense amps Ba/Ba+1 and Ba+1/Ba+2. If bank Ba-1 is activate and a PRER is directed to Ba, then bank Ba-1 will be precharged along with sense amps Ba/Ba-1 and Ba-1/Ba-2. A ROW packet may contain commands other than ACT or PRER. The REFA and REFP commands are equivalent to ACT and PRER for interaction analysis purposes. The interaction rules of the NAPR, NAPRC, PDNR, RLXR, ATTN, TCAL, and TCEN commands are discussed in later section (see Table 3-2 for cross-ref). 16 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Table 6-1 ROW-to-ROW Packet Interaction - Rules Case # ROPa Da Ba Ra ROPb Db Bb Rb tRRDELAY Example RR1 ACT Da Ba Ra ACT /= Da xxxx x..x tPACKET Figure 10-2 RR2 ACT Da Ba Ra ACT == Da /= {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x tRR Figure 10-2 RR3 ACT Da Ba Ra ACT == Da == {Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x tRC - illegal unless PRER to Ba / Ba+1 / Ba-1 Figure 10-1 RR4 ACT Da Ba Ra ACT == Da == {Ba} x..x tRC - illegal unless PRER to Ba / Ba+1 / Ba-1 Figure 10-1 RR5 ACT Da Ba Ra PRER /= Da xxxx x..x tPACKET Figure 10-2 RR6 ACT Da Ba Ra PRER == Da /= {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x tPACKET Figure 10-2 RR7 ACT Da Ba Ra PRER == Da == {Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x tRAS Figure 10-1 RR8 ACT Da Ba Ra PRER == Da == {Ba} x..x tRAS Figure 13-1 RR9 PRER Da Ba Ra ACT /= Da x..x tPACKET Figure 10-3 RR10 PRER Da Ba Ra ACT == Da /= {Ba, Ba+-1, Ba+-2} x..x tPACKET Figure 10-3 RR10a PRER Da Ba Ra ACT == Da == {Ba+2} x..x tPACKET/tRP if Ba+1 is precharged/activated. xxxx RR10b PRER Da Ba Ra ACT == Da == {Ba-2} x..x tPACKET/tRP if Ba-1 is precharged/activated. RR11 PRER Da Ba Ra ACT == Da == {Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x tRP == Da == {Ba} RR12 PRER Da Ba Ra ACT RR13 PRER Da Ba Ra PRER /= Da RR14 PRER Da Ba Ra PRER == Da /= {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} RR15 PRER Da Ba Ra PRER == Da == {Ba+1, Ba-1} RR16 PRER Da Ba Ra PRER == Da == {Ba} x..x xxxx Figure 10-1 x..x tRP Figure 10-1 x..x tPACKET Figure 10-3 x..x tPP Figure 10-3 x..x tPP Figure 10-3 tPP Figure 10-3 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 17 µPD488588FF-C80-40 7. ROW-to-COL Packet Interaction Figure 7-1 shows two packets on the ROW and COL pins. They must be separated by an interval tRCDELAY which depends upon the packet contents. Figure 7-1 ROW-to-COL Packet Interaction- Timing T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T CTM/CFM t RCDELAY ROW2 ..ROW0 ROPa a0 COL4 ..COL0 COPb b1 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 Transaction a: ROPa Transaction b: COPb a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b1= {Db,Bb,Cb1} Table 7-1 summarizes the tRCDELAY values for all possible cases. Note that if the COL packet is earlier than the ROW packet, it is considered a COL-to-ROW packet interaction. Cases RC1 through RC5 summarize the rules when the ROW packet has an ACT command. Figure 13-1 and Figure 14-1 show examples of RC5 - an activation followed by a read or write. RC4 is an illegal situation, since a read or write of a precharged banks is being attempted (remember that for a bank to be activated, adjacent banks must be precharged). In cases RC1, RC2, and RC3, there is no interaction of the ROW and COL packets. Cases RC6 through RC8 summarize the rules when the ROW packet has a PRER command. There is either no interaction (RC6 through RC9) or an illegal situation with a read or write of a precharged bank (RC9). The COL pins can also schedule a precharge operation with a RDA, WRA, or PREC command in a COLC packet or a PREX command in a COLX packet. The constraints of these precharge operations may be converted to equivalent PRER command constraints using the rules summarized in Figure 12-2. Table 7-1 ROW-to-COL Packet Interaction - Rules Case # ROPa Da Ba Ra COPb RC1 ACT Da Ba Ra NOCOP, RD, retire /= Da Db Bb Cb1 tRCDELAY Example xxxx x..x 0 RC2 ACT Da Ba Ra NOCOP RC3 ACT Da Ba Ra RD, retire == Da xxxx x..x 0 == Da /= {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x RC4 ACT Da Ba Ra 0 RD, retire == Da == {Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x RC5 ACT Da Ba Illegal Ra RD, retire == Da == {Ba} x..x tRCD RC6 PRER Da RC7 PRER Da Ba Ra NOCOP, RD, retire /= Da xxxx x..x 0 Ba Ra NOCOP xxxx x..x 0 == Da RC8 PRER Da Ba Ra RD, retire == Da /= {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x 0 RC9 PRER Da Ba Ra RD, retire == Da == {Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x Illegal 18 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) Figure 13-1 µPD488588FF-C80-40 8. COL-to-COL Packet Interaction Figure 8-1 COL-to-COL Packet Interaction- Timing Figure 8-1 shows three arbitrary packets on the COL pins. Packets “b” and “c” must be separated by T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T an interval tCCDELAY which depends upon the CTM/CFM command and address values in all three packets. Table 8-1 summarizes the tCCDELAY values for all possible cases. Cases CC1 through CC5 summarize the rules for every situation other than the case when COPb is a WR command and COPc is a RD command. In ROW2 ..ROW0 t CCDELAY COL4 ..COL0 COPa a1 COPb b1 COPc c1 CC3, when a RD command is followed by a WR DQA8..0 DQB8..0 command, a gap of tCAC - tCWD must be inserted between the two COL packets. See Figure 4-1 for Transaction a: COPa Transaction b: COPb Transaction c: COPc more explanation of why this gap is needed. For cases CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC5, there is no a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} b1 = {Db,Bb,Cb1} c1 = {Dc,Bc,Cc1} restriction (tCCDELAY is tCC). In cases CC6 through CC10, COPb is a WR command and COPc is a RD command. The tCCDELAY value needed between these two packets depends upon the command and address in the packet with COPa. In particular, in case CC6 when there is WR-WR-RD command sequence directed to the same device, a gap will be needed between the packets with COPb and COPc. The gap will need a COLC packet with a NOCOP command directed to any device in order to force an automatic retire to take place. Figure 15-2 (right) provides a more detailed explanation of this case. In case CC10, there is a RD-WR-RD sequence directed to the same device. If a prior write to the same device is unretired when COPa is issued, then a gap will be needed between the packets with COPb and COPc as in case CC6. The gap will need a COLC packet with a NOCOP command directed to any device in order to force an automatic retire to take place. Cases CC7, CC8, and CC9 have no restriction (tCCDELAY is tCC). For the purposes of analyzing COL-to-ROW interactions, the PREC, WRA, and RDA commands of the COLC packet are equivalent to the NOCOP, WR, and RD commands. These commands also cause a precharge operation PREC to take place. This precharge may be converted to an equivalent PRER command on the ROW pins using the rules summarized in Figure 12-2. Table 8-1 COL-to-COL Packet Interaction - Rules Case # COPa Da Ba Ca1 COPb Db Bb Cb1 COPc Dc Bc Cc1 tCCDELAY CC1 xxxx xxxxx x..x x..x NOCOP Db Bb Cb1 xxxx xxxxx x..x x..x tCC CC2 xxxx xxxxx x..x x..x RD, WR Db Bb Cb1 NOCOP xxxxx x..x x..x tCC CC3 xxxx xxxxx x..x x..x RD Db Bb Cb1 WR xxxxx x..x x..x tCC + tCAC - tCWD CC4 xxxx xxxxx x..x x..x RD Db Bb Cb1 RD xxxxx x..x x..x tCC Figure 13-1 CC5 xxxx xxxxx x..x x..x WR Db Bb Cb1 WR xxxxx x..x x..x tCC Figure 14-1 Figure 15-1 CC6 WR == Db x x..x WR Db Bb Cb1 RD == Db x..x x..x tRTR CC7 WR == Db x x..x WR Db Bb Cb1 RD /= Db x..x x..x tCC CC8 WR /= Db x x..x WR Db Bb Cb1 RD == Db x..x x..x tCC CC9 NOCOP == Db x x..x WR Db Bb Cb1 RD == Db x..x x..x tCC CC10 RD x x..x WR Db Bb Cb1 RD == Db x..x x..x tCC == Db Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) Example Figure 4-1 19 µPD488588FF-C80-40 9. COL-to-ROW Packet Interaction Figure 9-1 COL-to-ROW Packet Interaction- Timing Figure 9-1 shows arbitrary packets on the COL and ROW pins. They must be separated by an T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T interval tCRDELAY which depends upon the CTM/CFM command and address values in the packets. t CRDELAY Table 9-1 summarizes the tCRDELAY value for all ROW2 ..ROW0 possible cases. Cases CR1, CR2, CR3, and CR9 show no interaction between the COL and ROW packets, either because one of the commands is a NOP or COL4 ..COL0 ROPb b0 COPa a1 because the packets are directed to different DQA8..0 DQB8..0 devices or to non-adjacent banks. Case CR4 is illegal because an already-activated Transaction a: COPa Transaction b: ROPb bank is to be re-activated without being a1= {Da,Ba,Ca1} b0= {Db,Bb,Rb} precharged. Case CR5 is illegal because an adjacent bank can’t be activated or precharged until bank Ba is precharged first. In case CR6, the COLC packet contains a RD command, and the ROW packet contains a PRER command for the same bank. The tRDP parameter specifies the required spacing. Likewise, in case CR7, the COLC packet causes an automatic retire to take place, and the ROW packet contains a PRER command for the same bank. The tRTP parameter specifies the required spacing. Case CR8 is labeled “Hazardous” because a WR command should always be followed by an automatic retire before a precharge is scheduled. Figure 15-3 shows an example of what can happen when the retire is not able to happen before the precharge. For the purposes of analyzing COL-to-ROW interactions, the PREC, WRA, and RDA commands of the COLC packet are equivalent to the NOCOP, WR, and RD commands. These commands also cause a precharge operation to take place. This precharge may converted to an equivalent PRER command on the ROW pins using the rules summarized in Figure 12-2. A ROW packet may contain commands other than ACT or PRER. The REFA and REFP commands are equivalent to ACT and PRER for interaction analysis purposes. The interaction rules of the NAPR, PDNR, and RLXR commands are discussed in a later section. Table 9-1 COL-to-ROW Packet Interaction - Rules Case # COPa Da Ba Ca1 ROPb Db Bb Rb tCRDELAY Example CR1 NOCOP Da Ba Ca1 x..x xxxxx xxxxx x..x 0 CR2 RD/WR Da Ba Ca1 x..x /= Da xxxxx x..x 0 CR3 RD/WR Da Ba Ca1 x..x == Da /= {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x 0 CR4 RD/WR Da Ba Ca1 ACT == Da == {Ba} x..x Illegal CR5 RD/WR Da Ba Ca1 ACT == Da == {Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x Illegal CR6 RD Da Ba Ca1 PRER == Da == {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x tRDP Figure 13-1 CR7 retire Note 1 Da Ba Ca1 PRER == Da == {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x tRTP Figure 14-1 CR8 WR Note 2 Da Ba Ca1 PRER == Da == {Ba, Ba+1, Ba-1} x..x 0 Figure 15-3 CR9 xxxx Da Ba Ca1 NOROP xxxxx xxxxx 0 x..x Notes 1. This is any command which permits the write buffer of device Da to retire (see Table 3-3). “Ba” is the bank address in the write buffer. 2. This situation is hazardous because the write buffer will be left unretired while the targeted bank is precharged. See Figure 15-3. 20 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 10. ROW-to-ROW Examples Figure 10-1 shows examples of some of the ROW-to-ROW packet spacings from Table 6-1. A complete sequence of activate and precharge commands is directed to a bank. The RR8 and RR12 rules apply to this sequence. In addition to satisfying the tRAS and tRP timing parameters, the separation between ACT commands to the same bank must also satisfy the tRC timing parameter (RR4). When a bank is activated, it is necessary for adjacent banks to remain precharged. As a result, the adjacent banks will also satisfy parallel timing constraints; in the example, the RR11 and RR3 rules are analogous to the RR12 and RR4 rules. Figure 10-1 Row Packet Example Same Device Same Device Same Device Same Device Same Device Adjacent Bank Adjacent Bank Same Bank Adjacent Bank Same Bank a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} a1 = {Da,Ba+1} b0 = {Da,Ba+1,Rb} b0 = {Da,Ba,Rb} b0 = {Da,Ba+1,Rb} b0 = {Da,Ba,Rb} RR7 RR3 RR4 RR11 RR12 T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a1 ACT b0 COL4 ..COL0 t RAS t RP DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t RC Figure 10-2 shows examples of the ACT-to-ACT (RR1, RR2) and ACT-to-PRER (RR5, RR6) command spacings from Table 6-1. In general, the commands in ROW packets may be spaced an interval tPACKET apart unless they are directed to the same or adjacent banks or unless they are a similar command type (both PRER or both ACT) directed to the same device. Figure 10-2 Row Packet Example Different Device Same Device Different Device Same Device Any Bank Non-adjacent Bank Any Bank Non-adjacent Bank RR1 RR2 RR5 RR6 a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0 = {Db,Bb,Rb} c0 = {Da,Bc,Rc} b0 = {Db,Bb,Rb} c0 = {Da,Bc,Rc} T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 t PACKET ACT b0 ACT a0 ACT c0 t RR ACT a0 t PACKET PRER b0 ACT a0 PRER c0 t PACKET COL4 ..COL0 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 21 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 10-3 shows examples of the PRER-to-PRER (RR13, RR14) and PRER-to-ACT (RR9, RR10) command spacings from Table 6-1. The RR15 and RR16 cases (PRER-to-PRER to same or adjacent banks) are not shown, but are similar to RR14. In general, the commands in ROW packets may be spaced an interval tPACKET apart unless they are directed to the same or adjacent banks or unless they are a similar command type (both PRER or both ACT) directed to the same device. Figure 10-3 Row Packet Example Different Device Same Device Same Device Same Device Different Device Same Device Any Bank Non-adjacent Bank Ajacent Bank Same Bank Any Bank Non-adjacent Bank RR13 RR14 RR15 RR16 RR9 RR10 a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0 = {Db,Bb,Rb} c0 = {Da,Bc,Rc} c0 = {Da,Ba,Rc} c0 = {Da,Ba+1Rc} b0 = {Db,Bb,Rb} c0 = {Da,Bc,Rc} T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 PRER a0 PRER b0 PRER a0 t PACKET PRER c0 t PP PRER a0 t PACKET ACT b0 PRER a0 ACT c0 t PACKET COL4 ..COL0 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 11. Row and Column Cycle Description Activate: A row cycle begins with the activate (ACT) operation. The activation process is destructive; the act of sensing the value of a bit in a bank’s storage cell transfers the bit to the sense amp, but leaves the original bit in the storage cell with an incorrect value. Restore: Because the activation process is destructive, a hidden operation called restore is automatically performed. The restore operation rewrites the bits in the sense amp back into the storage cells of the activated row of the bank. Read/Write: While the restore operation takes place, the sense amp may be read (RD) and written (WR) using column operations. If new data is written into the sense amp, it is automatically forwarded to the storage cells of the bank so the data in the activated row and the data in the sense amp remain identical. Precharge: When both the restore operation and the column operations are completed, the sense amp and bank are precharged (PRE). This leaves them in the proper state to begin another activate operation. Intervals: The activate operation requires the interval tRCD,MIN to complete. The hidden restore operation requires the interval tRAS,MIN - tRCD,MIN to complete. Column read and write operations are also performed during the tRAS,MIN tRCD,MIN interval (if more than about four column operations are performed, this interval must be increased). The precharge operation requires the interval tRP,MIN to complete. Adjacent Banks: An RDRAM with a “s” designation (512K x 18 x 32s) indicates it contains “split banks”. This means the sense amps are shared between two adjacent banks. The only exception is that sense amp 0, 15, 30, and 31 are not shared. When a row in a bank is activated, the two adjacent sense amps are connected to (associated with) that bank and are not available for use by the two adjacent banks. These two adjacent banks must remain precharged while the selected bank goes through its activate, restore, read/write, and precharge operations. For example (referring to the block diagram), if bank 5 is accessed, sense amp 4/5 and sense amp 5/6 will both be loaded with one of the 512 rows (with 1,024 bytes loaded into each sense amp from the 2K byte row – 512 bytes to the DQA side and 512 bytes to the DQB side). While this row from bank 5 is being accessed, no rows may be accessed in banks 4 or 6 because of the sense amp sharing. 22 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 12. Precharge Mechanisms Figure 12-1 shows an example of precharge with the ROWR packet mechanism. The PRER command must occur a time tRAS after the ACT command, and a time tRP before the next ACT command. This timing will serve as a baseline against which the other precharge mechanisms can be compared. Figure 12-1 Precharge via PRER Command in ROWR Packet a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} a5 = {Da,Ba} b0 = {Da,Ba,Rb} T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a5 ACT b0 COL4 ..COL0 t RAS t RP DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t RC Figure 12-2 (top) shows an example of precharge with a RDA command. A bank is activated with an ROWA packet on the ROW pins. Then, a series of four dualocts are read with RD commands in COLC packets on the COL pins. The fourth of these commands is a RDA, which causes the bank to automatically precharge when the final read has finished. The timing of this automatic precharge is equivalent to a PRER command in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins that is offset a time tOFFP from the COLC packet with the RDA command. The RDA command should be treated as a RD command in a COLC packet as well as a simultaneous (but offset) PRER command in an ROWR packet when analyzing interactions with other packets. Figure 12-2 (middle) shows an example of precharge with a WRA command. As in the RDA example, a bank is activated with an ROWA packet on the ROW pins. Then, two dualocts are written with WR commands in COLC packets on the COL pins. The second of these commands is a WRA, which causes the bank to automatically precharge when the final write has been retired. The timing of this automatic precharge is equivalent to a PRER command in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins that is offset a time tOFFP from the COLC packet that causes the automatic retire. The WRA command should be treated as a WR command in a COLC packet as well as a simultaneous (but offset) PRER command in an ROWR packet when analyzing interactions with other packets. Note that the automatic retire is triggered by a COLC packet a time tRTR after the COLC packet with the WR command unless the second COLC contains a RD command to the same device. This is described in more detail in Figure 151. Figure 12-2 (bottom) shows an example of precharge with a PREX command in an COLX packet. A bank is activated with an ROWA packet on the ROW pins. Then, a series of four dualocts are read with RD commands in COLC packets on the COL pins. The fourth of these COLC packets includes an COLX packet with a PREX command. This causes the bank to precharge with timing equivalent to a PRER command in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins that is offset a time tOFFP from the COLX packet with the PREX command. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 23 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 12-2 Offsets for Alternate Precharge Mechanisms COLC Packet: RDA Precharge Offset T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM The RDA precharge is equivalent to a PRER command here ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 ACT b0 PRER a5 t OFFP COL4 ..COL0 RD a1 RD a2 RD a3 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 RDA a4 Q (a1) Transaction a: RD a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} Q (a2) a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} a3 = {Da,Ba,Ca3} Q (a3) Q (a4) a2 = {Da,Ba,Ca2} a4 = {Da,Ba,Ca4} a5 = {Da,Ba} COLC Packet: WDA Precharge Offset T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM The WRA precharge (triggered by the automatic retire) is equivalent to a PRER command here ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a5 t RTR COL4 ..COL0 WR a1 WRA a2 t OFFP retire (a1) retire (a2) MSK (a1) MSK (a2) DQA8..0 DQB8..0 D (a1) Transaction a: WR ACT b0 a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} D (a2) a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} a2 = {Da,Ba,Ca2} a5 = {Da,Ba} COLX Packet: PREX Precharge Offset T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM The PREX precharge command is equivalent to a PRER command here ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a5 ACT b0 t OFFP COL4 ..COL0 RD a1 RD a2 RD a3 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 Q (a1) Transaction a: RD 24 RD a4 PREX a5 a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} Q (a2) a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} a3 = {Da,Ba,Ca3} Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) Q (a3) Q (a4) a2 = {Da,Ba,Ca2} a4 = {Da,Ba,Ca4} a5 = {Da,Ba} µPD488588FF-C80-40 13. Read Transaction - Example Figure 13-1 shows an example of a read transaction. It begins by activating a bank with an ACT a0 command in an ROWA packet. A time tRCD later a RD a1 command is issued in a COLC packet. Note that the ACT command includes the device, bank, and row address (abbreviated as a0) while the RD command includes device, bank, and column address (abbreviated as a1). A time tCAC after the RD command the read data dualoct Q (a1) is returned by the device. Note that the packets on the ROW and COL pins use the end of the packet as a timing reference point, while the packets on the DQA/DQB pins use the beginning of the packet as a timing reference point. A time tCC after the first COLC packet on the COL pins a second is issued. It contains a RD a2 command. The a2 address has the same device and bank address as the a1 address (and a0 address), but a different column address. A time tCAC after the second RD command a second read data dualoct Q(a2) is returned by the device. Next, a PRER a3 command is issued in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins. This causes the bank to precharge so that a different row may be activated in a subsequent transaction or so that an adjacent bank may be activated. The a3 address includes the same device and bank address as the a0, a1, and a2 addresses. The PRER command must occur a time tRAS or more after the original ACT command (the activation operation in any DRAM is destructive, and the contents of the selected row must be restored from the two associated sense amps of the bank during the tRAS interval). The PRER command must also occur a time tRDP or more after the last RD command. Note that the tRDP value shown is greater than the tRDP,MIN specification in “36.Timing Parameters”. This transaction example reads two dualocts, but there is actually enough time to read three dualocts before tRDP becomes the limiting parameter rather than tRAS. If four dualocts were read, the packet with PRER would need to shift right (be delayed) by one tCYCLE (note-this case is not shown). Finally, an ACT b0 command is issued in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins. The second ACT command must occur a time tRC or more after the first ACT command and a time tRP or more after the PRER command. This ensures that the bank and its associated sense amps are precharged. This example assumes that the second transaction has the same device and bank address as the first transaction, but a different row address. Transaction b may not be started until transaction a has finished. However, transactions to other banks or other devices may be issued during transaction a. Figure 13-1 Read Transaction Example T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM t RC ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a3 t RAS COL4 ..COL0 RD a1 t RCD t RP RD a2 t CC DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t RDP Q (a1) t CAC Transaction a: RD Transaction b: xx ACT b0 a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0 = {Da,Ba,Rb} Q (a2) t CAC a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} a2 = {Da,Ba,Ca2} Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) a3 = {Da,Ba} 25 µPD488588FF-C80-40 14. Write Transaction - Example Figure 14-1 shows an example of a write transaction. It begins by activating a bank with an ACT a0 command in an ROWA packet. A time tRCD - tRTR later a WR a1 command is issued in a COLC packet (note that the tRCD interval is measured to the end of the COLC packet with the first retire command). Note that the ACT command includes the device, bank, and row address (abbreviated as a0) while the WR command includes device, bank, and column address (abbreviated as a1). A time tCWD after the WR command the write data dualoct D(a1) is issued. Note that the packets on the ROW and COL pins use the end of the packet as a timing reference point, while the packets on the DQA/DQB pins use the beginning of the packet as a timing reference point. A time tCC after the first COLC packet on the COL pins a second COLC packet is issued. It contains a WR a2 command. The a2 address has the same device and bank address as the a1 address (and a0 address), but a different column address. A time tCWD after the second WR command a second write data dualoct D(a2) is issued. A time tRTR after each WR command an optional COLM packet MSK (a1) is issued, and at the same time a COLC packet is issued causing the write buffer to automatically retire. See Figure 15-1 for more detail on the write/retire mechanism. If a COLM packet is not used, all data bytes are unconditionally written. If the COLC packet which causes the write buffer to retire is delayed, then the COLM packet (if used) must also be delayed. Next, a PRER a3 command is issued in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins. This causes the bank to precharge so that a different row may be activated in a subsequent transaction or so that an adjacent bank may be activated. The a3 address includes the same device and bank address as the a0, a1, and a2 addresses. The PRER command must occur a time tRAS or more after the original ACT command (the activation operation in any DRAM is destructive, and the contents of the selected row must be restored from the two associated sense amps of the bank during the tRAS interval). A PRER a3 command is issued in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins. The PRER command must occur a time t RTP or more after the last COLC which causes an automatic retire. Finally, an ACT b0 command is issued in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins. The second ACT command must occur a time tRC or more after the first ACT command and a time tRP or more after the PRER command. This ensures that the bank and its associated sense amps are precharged. This example assumes that the second transaction has the same device and bank address as the first transaction, but a different row address. Transaction b may not be started until transaction a has finished. However, transactions to other banks or other devices may be issued during transaction a. Figure 14-1 Write Transaction Example T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM t RC ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a3 t RCD ACT b0 t RAS COL4 ..COL0 WR a1 WR a2 t RP t RTR DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t RTR D (a1) t CC t RTP retire (a1) retire (a2) MSK (a1) MSK (a2) D (a2) t CWD t CWD Transaction a: WR Transaction b: xx 26 a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0 = {Da,Ba,Rb} a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} a2 = {Da,Ba,Ca2} Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) a3 = {Da,Ba} µPD488588FF-C80-40 15. Write/Retire - Examples The process of writing a dualoct into a sense amp of an RDRAM bank occurs in two steps. The first step consists of transporting the write command, write address, and write data into the write buffer. The second step happens when the RDRAM automatically retires the write buffer (with an optional bytemask) into the sense amp. This two-step write process reduces the natural turn-around delay due to the internal bidirectional data pins. Figure 15-1 (left) shows an example of this two step process. The first COLC packet contains the WR command and an address specifying device, bank and column. The write data dualoct follows a time tCWD later. This information is loaded into the write buffer of the specified device. The COLC packet which follows a time tRTR later will retire the write buffer. The retire will happen automatically unless (1) a COLC packet is not framed (no COLC packet is present and the S bit is zero), or (2) the COLC packet contains a RD command to the same device. If the retire does not take place at time tRTR after the original WR command, then the device continues to frame COLC packets, looking for the first that is not a RD directed to itself. A bytemask MSK(a1) may be supplied in a COLM packet aligned with the COLC that retires the write buffer at time tRTR after the WR command. The memory controller must be aware of this two-step write/retire process. Controller performance can be improved, but only if the controller design accounts for several side effects. Figure 15-1 (right) shows the first of these side effects. The first COLC packet has a WR command which loads the address and data into the write buffer. The third COLC causes an automatic retire of the write buffer to the sense amp. The second and fourth COLC packets (which bracket the retire packet) contain RD commands with the same device, bank and column address as the original WR command. In other words, the same dualoct address that is written is read both before and after it is actually retired. The first RD returns the old dualoct value from the sense amp before it is overwritten. The second RD returns the new dualoct value that was just written. Figure 15-1 Normal Retire (left) and Retire/Read Ordering (right) T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T23 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 CTM/CFM Retire is automatic here unless: (1) No COLC packet (S=0) or (2) COLC packet is RD to device Da This RD gets the old data This RD gets the new data ROW2 ..ROW0 t CAC t CAC COL4 ..COL0 WR a1 retire (a1) MSK (a1) COL4 ..COL0 WR a1 t RTR DQA8..0 DQB8..0 retire (a1) MSK (a1) RD c1 t RTR D (a1) t CWD Transaction a: WR RD b1 a1= {Da,Ba,Ca1} DQA8..0 DQB8..0 D (a1) t CWD Transaction a: WR Transaction b: RD Transaction c: RD Q (b1) Q( a1= {Da,Ba,Ca1} b1= {Da,Ba,Ca1} c1= {Da,Ba,Ca1} Figure 15-2 (left) shows the result of performing a RD command to the same device in the same COLC packet slot that would normally be used for the retire operation. The read may be to any bank and column address; all that matters is that it is to the same device as the WR command. The retire operation and MSK(a1) will be delayed by a time tPACKET as a result. If the RD command used the same bank and column address as the WR command, the old data from the sense amp would be returned. If many RD commands to the same device were issued instead of the single one that is shown, then the retire operation would be held off an arbitrarily long time. However, once a RD to another device or a WR or NOCOP to any device is issued, the retire will take place. Figure 15-2 (right) illustrates a situation in which the controller wants to issue a WR-WR-RD COLC packet sequence, with all commands addressed to the same device, but addressed to any combination of banks and columns. The RD will prevent a retire of the first WR from automatically happening. But the first dualoct D(a1) in the write Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 27 µPD488588FF-C80-40 buffer will be overwritten by the second WR dualoct D(b1) if the RD command is issued in the third COLC packet. Therefore, it is required in this situation that the controller issue a NOCOP command in the third COLC packet, delaying the RD command by a time of tPACKET. This situation is explicitly shown in Table 8-1 for the cases in which tCCDELAY is equal to tRTR. Figure 15-2 Retire Held Off by Read (left) and Controller Forces WWR Gap (right) T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20 T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 CTM/CFM CTM/CFM The retire operation for a write can be held off by a read to the same device ROW2 ..ROW0 ROW2 ..ROW0 The controller must insert a NOCOP to retire (a1) to make room for the data (b1) in the write buffer t CAC COL4 ..COL0 WR a1 RD b1 t CAC COL4 ..COL0 retire (a1) MSK (a1) WR a1 WR b1 t RTR + tPACKET DQA8..0 DQB8..0 retire (a1) MSK (a1) RD c1 t RTR Q (b1) DQA8..0 D (a1) D (a1) D (b1) DQB8..0 t CWD Transaction a: WR Transaction b: RD t CWD Transaction a: WR Transaction b: WR Transaction c: RD a1= {Da,Ba,Ca1} b1= {Da,Bb,Cb1} a1= {Da,Ba,Ca1} b1= {Da,Bb,Cb1} c1= {Da,Bc,Cc1} Figure 15-3 shows a possible result when a retire is held off for a long time (an extended version of Figure 15-2-left). After a WR command, a series of six RD commands are issued to the same device (but to any combination of bank and column addresses). In the meantime, the bank Ba to which the WR command was originally directed is precharged, and a different row Rc is activated. When the retire is automatically performed, it is made to this new row, since the write buffer only contains the bank and column address, not the row address. The controller can insure that this doesn’t happen by never precharging a bank with an unretired write buffer. Note that in a system with more than one RDRAM, there will never be more than two RDRAMs with unretired write buffers. This is because a WR command issued to one device automatically retires the write buffers of all other devices written a time tRTR before or earlier. Figure 15-3 Retire Held Off by Reads to Same Device, Write Buffer Retired to New Row T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM The retire operation puts the write data in the new row t RC ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 PRER a2 ACT c0 t RAS COL4 ..COL0 WR a1 t RCD DQA8..0 DQB8..0 RD b2 RD b3 Transaction c: WR RD b4 RD b5 RD b6 retire (a1) MSK (a1) t RTR D (a1) Transaction a: WR Transaction b: RD 28 t RP RD b1 Q (b1) Q (b2) t CWD t CAC a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} a2 = {Da,Ba} a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b1 = {Da,Bb,Cb1} b2 = {Da,Bb,Cb2} b3= {Da,Bb,Cb3} b5 = {Da,Bb,Cb5} b4 = {Da,Bb,Cb4} b6 = {Da,Bb,Cb6} c0 = {Da,Ba,Rc} Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) Q (b3) Q (b4) Q (b5) WARNING This sequence is hazardous and must be used with caution µPD488588FF-C80-40 16. Interleaved Write - Example Figure 16-1 shows an example of an interleaved write transaction. Transactions similar to the one presented in Figure 14-1 are directed to non-adjacent banks of a single RDRAM. This allows a new transaction to be issued once every tRR interval rather than once every tRC interval (four times more often). The DQ data pin efficiency is 100% with this sequence. With two dualocts of data written per transaction, the COL, DQA, and DQB pins are fully utilized. Banks are precharged using the WRA autoprecharge option rather than the PRER command in an ROWR packet on the ROW pins. In this example, the first transaction is directed to device Da and bank Ba. The next three transactions are directed to the same device Da, but need to use different, non-adjacent banks Bb, Bc, Bd so there is no bank conflict. The fifth transaction could be redirected back to bank Ba without interference, since the first transaction would have completed by then (tRC has elapsed). Each transaction may use any value of row address (Ra, Rb, ...) and column address (Ca1, Ca2, Cb1, Cb2, ...). Figure 16-1 Interleaved Write Transaction with Two Dualoct Data Length T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM Transaction e can use the same bank as transaction a t RC ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT b0 ACT a0 ACT c0 ACT d0 ACT e0 t RCD COL4 ..COL0 WR z1 WRA z2 MSK (y1) MSK (y2) ACT f0 t RR WR a1 WRA a2 WR b1 WRA b2 WR c1 WRA c2 MSK (z1) MSK (z2) MSK (a1) MSK (a2) MSK (b1) MSK (b2) WR d1 WR d2 WR e1 WR e2 MSK (c1) MSK (c2) MSK (d1) MSK (d2) t CWD DQA8..0 DQB8..0 D (x2) D (y1) D (y2) Transaction y: WR Transaction z: WR Transaction a: WR Transaction b: WR Transaction c: WR Transaction d: WR Transaction e: WR Transaction f: WR D (z1) D (z2) D (a1) y0 = {Da,Ba+4,Ry} z0 = {Da,Ba+6,Rz} a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0 = {Da,Ba+2,Rb} c0 = {Da,Ba+4,Rc} d0 = {Da,Ba+6,Rd} e0 = {Da,Ba,Re} f0 = {Da,Ba+2,Rf} D (a2) D (b1) y1 = {Da,Ba+4,Cy1} z1 = {Da,Ba+6,Cz1} a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} b1 = {Da,Ba+2,Cb1} c1 = {Da,Ba+4,Cc1} d1 = {Da,Ba+6,Cd1} e1 = {Da,Ba,Ce1} f1 = {Da,Ba+2,Cf1} Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) D (b2) D(c1) y2= {Da,Ba+4,Cy2} z2= {Da,Ba+6,Cz2} a2= {Da,Ba,Ca2} b2= {Da,Ba+2,Cb2} c2= {Da,Ba+4,Cc2} d2= {Da,Ba+6,Cd2} e2= {Da,Ba,Ce2} f2= {Da,Ba+2,Cf2} D (c2) D (d1) Q( y3 = {Da,Ba+4} z3 = {Da,Ba+6} a3 = {Da,Ba} b3 = {Da,Ba+2} c3 = {Da,Ba+4} d3 = {Da,Ba+6} e3 = {Da,Ba} f3 = {Da,Ba+2} 29 µPD488588FF-C80-40 17. Interleaved Read - Example Figure 17-1 shows an example of interleaved read transactions. Transactions similar to the one presented in Figure 13-1 are directed to non-adjacent banks of a single RDRAM. The address sequence is identical to the one used in the previous write example. The DQ data pins efficiency is also 100%. The only difference with the write example (aside from the use of the RD command rather than the WR command) is the use of the PREX command in a COLX packet to precharge the banks rather than the RDA command. This is done because the PREX is available for a readtransaction but is not available for a masked write transaction. Figure 17-1 Interleaved Read Transaction with Two Dualoct Data Length T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM Transaction e can use the same bank as transaction a t RC ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 ACT b0 ACT c0 ACT d0 ACT e0 t RCD ACT f0 t RR COL4 ..COL0 RD z1 RD z2 PREX y3 RD a1 RD a2 PREX z3 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 Q (x2) Q (y1) Q (y2) Q (z1) RD b1 RD b2 PREX a3 RD c1 RD c2 PREX b3 RD d1 RDd2 PREX c3 RD e1 RD e2 PREX d3 Q (a1) Q (a2) Q (b1) Q (b2) Q (c1) Q (c2) Q (d1) t CAC Transaction y: RD Transaction z: RD Transaction a: RD Transaction b: RD Transaction c: RD Transaction d: RD Transaction e: RD Transaction f: RD 30 Q (z2) y0 = {Da,Ba+4,Ry} z0 = {Da,Ba+6,Rz} a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0 = {Da,Ba+2,Rb} c0 = {Da,Ba+4,Rc} d0 = {Da,Ba+6,Rd} e0 = {Da,Ba,Re} f0 = {Da,Ba+2,Rf} y1 = {Da,Ba+4,Cy1} z1 = {Da,Ba+6,Cz1} a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} b1 = {Da,Ba+2,Cb1} c1 = {Da,Ba+4,Cc1} d1 = {Da,Ba+6,Cd1} e1 = {Da,Ba,Ce1} f1 = {Da,Ba+2,Cf1} Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) y2= {Da,Ba+4,Cy2} z2= {Da,Ba+6,Cz2} a2= {Da,Ba,Ca2} b2= {Da,Ba+2,Cb2} c2= {Da,Ba+4,Cc2} d2= {Da,Ba+6,Cd2} e2= {Da,Ba,Ce2} f2= {Da,Ba+2,Cf2} y3 = {Da,Ba+4} z3 = {Da,Ba+6} a3 = {Da,Ba} b3 = {Da,Ba+2} c3 = {Da,Ba+4} d3 = {Da,Ba+6} e3 = {Da,Ba} f3 = {Da,Ba+2} µPD488588FF-C80-40 18. Interleaved RRWW - Example Figure 18-1 shows a steady-state sequence of 2-dualoct RD/RD/WR/WR.. transactions directed to non-adjacent banks of a single RDRAM. This is similar to the interleaved write and read examples in Figure 16-1 and Figure 17-1 except that bubble cycles need to be inserted by the controller at read/write boundaries. The DQ data pin efficiency for the example in Figure 18-1 is 32/42 or 76%. If there were more RDRAMs on the Channel, the DQ pin efficiency would approach 32/34 or 94% for the two-dualoct RRWW sequence (this case is not shown). In Figure 18-1, the first bubble type tCBUB1 is inserted by the controller between a RD and WR command on the COL pins. This bubble accounts for the round-trip propagation delay that is seen by read data, and is explained in detail in Figure 4-1. This bubble appears on the DQA and DQB pins as tDBUB1 between a write data dualoct D and read data dualoct Q. This bubble also appears on the ROW pins as tRBUB1. The second bubble type tCBUB2 is inserted (as a NOCOP command) by the controller between a WR and RD command on the COL pins when there is a WR-WR-RD sequence to the same device. This bubble enables write data to be retired from the write buffer without being lost, and is explained in detail in Figure 15-2. There would be no bubble if address c0 and address d0 were directed to different devices. This bubble appears on the DQA and DQB pins as tDBUB2 between a write data dualoct D and read data dualoct Q. This bubble also appears on the ROW pins as tRBUB2. Figure 18-1 Interleaved RRWW Sequence with Two Dualoct Data Length T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 ACT a0 ACT b0 ACT c0 t CBUB2 COL4 ..COL0 RD z1 tDBUB1 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 Transaction e can use the same bank as transaction a ACT d0 ACT e0 t RBUB2 t RBUB1 t CBUB1 RD z2 RD a1 RD a2 PREX z3 WR b1 MSK (y2) t CBUB2 WRA b2 WR c1 WRA c2 PREX a3 MSK (b1) MSK (b2) NOCOP NOCOP MSK (c1) MSK (c2) t DBUB2 Transaction y: WR Transaction z: RD Transaction a: RD Transaction b: WR Transaction c: WR Transaction d: RD Transaction e: RD Transaction f: WR RD f t DBUB1 Q (z1) D (y2) RDd0 Q (z2) y0 = {Da,Ba+4,Ry} z0 = {Da,Ba+6,Rz} a0 = {Da,Ba,Ra} b0 = {Da,Ba+2,Rb} c0 = {Da,Ba+4,Rc} d0 = {Da,Ba+6,Rd} e0 = {Da,Ba,Re} f0 = {Da,Ba+2,Rf} Q (a1) Q (a2) y1 = {Da,Ba+4,Cy1} z1 = {Da,Ba+6,Cz1} a1 = {Da,Ba,Ca1} b1 = {Da,Ba+2,Cb1} c1 = {Da,Ba+4,Cc1} d1 = {Da,Ba+6,Cd1} e1 = {Da,Ba,Ce1} f1 = {Da,Ba+2,Cf1} Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) D (b1) D (b2) D (c1) y2= {Da,Ba+4,Cy2} z2= {Da,Ba+6,Cz2} a2= {Da,Ba,Ca2} b2= {Da,Ba+2,Cb2} c2= {Da,Ba+4,Cc2} d2= {Da,Ba+6,Cd2} e2= {Da,Ba,Ce2} f2= {Da,Ba+2,Cf2} D (c2) y3 = {Da,Ba+4} z3 = {Da,Ba+6} a3 = {Da,Ba} b3 = {Da,Ba+2} c3 = {Da,Ba+4} d3 = {Da,Ba+6} e3 = {Da,Ba} f3 = {Da,Ba+2} 31 µPD488588FF-C80-40 19. Control Register Transactions The RDRAM has two CMOS input pins SCK and CMD and two CMOS input/output pins SIO0 and SIO1. These provide serial access to a set of control registers in the RDRAM. These control registers provide configuration information to the controller during the initialization process. They also allow an application to select the appropriate operating mode of the RDRAM. SCK (serial clock) and CMD (command) are driven by the controller to all RDRAMs in parallel. SIO0 and SIO1 are connected (in a daisy chain fashion) from one RDRAM to the next. In normal operation, the data on SIO0 is repeated on SIO1, which connects to SIO0 of the next RDRAM (the data is repeated from SIO1 to SIO0 for a read data packet). The controller connects to SIO0 of the first RDRAM. Write and read transactions are each composed of four packets, as shown in Figure 19-1 and Figure 19-2. Each packet consists of 16 bits, as summarized in Table 20-1 and Table 20-2. The packet bits are sampled on the falling edge of SCK. A transaction begins with a SRQ (Serial Request) packet. This packet is framed with a 11110000 pattern on the CMD input (note that the CMD bits are sampled on both the falling edge and the rising edge of SCK). The SRQ packet contains the SOP3..SOP0 (Serial Opcode) field, which selects the transaction type. The SDEV5..SDEV0 (Serial Device address) selects one of the 32 RDRAMs. If SBC (Serial Broadcast) is set, then all RDRAMs are selected. The SA (Serial Address) packet contains a 12 bit address for selecting a control register. A write transaction has a SD (Serial Data) packet next. This contains 16 bits of data that is written into the selected control register. A SINT (Serial Interval) packet is last, providing some delay for any side-effects to take place. A read transaction has a SINT packet, then a SD packet. This provides delay for the selected RDRAM to access the control register. The SD read data packet travels in the opposite direction (towards the controller) from the other packet types. The SCK cycle time will accommodate the total delay. Figure 19-1 Serial Write (SWR) Transaction to Control Register T 20 T4 SCK T 36 T 52 T 68 1 0 CMD next transaction 1111 0000 00000000...00000000 00000000...00000000 00000000...00000000 00000000...00000000 1 1111 SIO0 0 1 SRQ - SWR command SA SD SINT 0 Each packet is repeated from SIO0 to SIO1 SIO1 SRQ - SWR command 1 SA SD SINT 0 Figure 19-2 Serial Read (SRD) Transaction Control Register SCK T 20 T4 T 36 T 52 T 68 1 0 CMD 1111 0000 next transaction 00000000...00000000 00000000...00000000 SRQ - SRD command SA SINT 1111 0 controller drives 0 on SIO0 0 SD 1 0 non addressed RDRAMs pass 0/SD15..SD0/0 from SIO1 to SIO0 First 3 packets are repeated from SIO0 to SIO1 SRQ - SRD command 1 00000000...00000000 addressed RDRAM devices 0/SD15..SD0/0 on SIO0 SIO 0 SIO 1 00000000...00000000 SA SINT 0 SD 0 1 0 0 32 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 20. Control Register Packets Figure 20-1 SETR, CLRR, SETF Transaction Table 20-1 summarizes the formats of the four packet T4 types for control register transactions. Table 20-2 T 20 1 SCK summarizes the fields that are used within the packets. 0 Figure 20-1 shows the transaction format for the SETR, 1 CLRR, and SETF commands. These transactions consist CMD 1111 0000 00000000...00000000 0 of a single SRQ packet, rather than four packets like the SWR and SRD commands. The same framing sequence 1 SIO0 on the CMD input is used, however. These commands are SRQ packet - SETR/CLRR/SETF 0 The packet is repeated from SIO0 to SIO1 used during initialization prior to any control register read or write transactions. SIO1 1 SRQ packet - SETR/CLRR/SETF 0 Table 20-1 Control Register Packet Formats SCK Cycle SIO0 or SIO1 for SRQ SIO0 or SIO1 for SA SIO0 or SIO1 for SINT SIO0 or SIO1 for SD SCK Cycle SIO0 or SIO1 for SRQ SIO0 or SIO1 for SA SIO0 or SIO1 for SINT SIO0 or SIO1 for SD 0 rsrv rsrv 0 SD15 8 SOP1 SA7 0 SD7 1 rsrv rsrv 0 SD14 9 SOP0 SA6 0 SD6 2 rsrv rsrv 0 SD13 10 SBC SA5 0 SD5 3 rsrv rsrv 0 SD12 11 SDEV4 SA4 0 SD4 4 rsrv SA11 0 SD11 12 SDEV3 SA3 0 SD3 5 SDEV5 SA10 0 SD10 13 SDEV2 SA2 0 SD2 6 SOP3 SA9 0 SD9 14 SDEV1 SA1 0 SD1 7 SOP2 SA8 0 SD8 15 SDEV0 SA0 0 SD0 Table 20-2 Field Description for Control Register Packets Field Description rsrv Reserved. Should be driven as “0” by controller. SOP3..SOP0 0000 - SRD. Serial read of control register {SA11..SA0} of RDRAM {SDEV5..SDEV0}. 0001 - SWR. Serial write of control register {SA11..SA0} of RDRAM {SDEV5..SDEV0}. 0010 - SETR. Set Reset bit, all control registers assume their reset values. Note 16 tSCYCLE delay until CLRR command. 0100 - SETF. Set fast (normal) clock mode. 4 tSCYCLE delay until next command. 1011 - CLRR. Clear Reset bit, all control registers retain their reset values. Note 4 tSCYCLE delay until next command. 1111 - NOP. No serial operation. 0011, 0101 – 1010, 1100 – 1110 – RSRV. Reserved encodings. SDEV5..SDEV0 Serial device. Compared to SDEVID5..SDEVID0 field of INIT control register field to select the RDRAM to which the transaction is directed. SBC Serial broadcast. When set, RDRAMs ignore {SDEV5..SDEV0} for RDRAM selection. SA11..SA0 Serial address. Selects which control register of the selected RDRAM is read or written. SD15..SD0 Serial data. The 16 bits of data written to or read from the selected control register of the selected RDRAM. Note The SETR and CLRR commands must always be applied in two successive transactions to RDRAMs; i.e. they may not be used in isolation. This is called “SETR/CLRR Reset”. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 33 µPD488588FF-C80-40 21. Initialization Figure 21-1 SIO Pin Reset Sequence T0 T 16 1 SCK 0 1 CMD 00001100 00000000...00000000 0 1 SIO0 0000000000000000 The packet is repeated from SIO0 to SIO1 SIO1 0 1 0000000000000000 0 Initialization refers to the process that a controller must go through after power is applied to the system or the system is reset. The controller prepares the RDRAM sub-system for normal Channel operation by (primarily) using a sequence of control register transactions on the serial CMOS pins. The following steps outline the sequence seen by the various memory subsystem components (including the RDRAM components) during initialization. This sequence is available in the form of reference code. Contact Rambus Inc. for more information. 1.0 Start Clocks This step calculates the proper clock frequencies for PClk (controller logic), SynClk (RAC block), RefClk (DRCG component), CTM (RDRAM component), and SCK (SIO block). 2.0 RAC Initialization This step causes the INIT block to generate a sequence of pulses which resets the RAC, performs RAC maintainance operations, and measures timing intervals in order to ensure clock stability. 3.0 RDRAM Initialization This stage performs most of the steps needed to initialize the RDRAMs. The rest are performed in stages 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. All of the steps in 3.0 are carried out through the SIO block interface. 3.1/3.2 SIO Reset After a delay of tPAUSE from step 1.0, this reset operation is performed before any SIO control register read or write transactions. It clears six registers (TEST34, CCA, CCB, SKIP, TEST78, and TEST79) and places the INIT register into a special state (all bits cleared except SKP and SDEVID fields are set to ones). 3.3 Write TEST77 Register The TEST77 register must be explicitly written with zeros before any other registers are read or written. 3.4 Write TCYCLE Register The TCYCLE register is written with the cycle time tCYCLE of the CTM clock (for Channel and RDRAMs) in units of 64ps. The tCYCLE value is determined in stage 1.0. 3.5 Write SDEVID Register The SDEVID (serial device identification) register of the RDRAM is written with a unique address value so that directed SIO read and write transactions can be performed. This address value increases from 0 to 31 according to the distance an RDRAM is from the ASIC component on the SIO bus (the closest RDRAM is address 0). 34 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 3.6 Write DEVID Register The DEVID (device identification) register of the RDRAM is written with a unique address value so that directed memory read and write transactions can be performed. This address value increases from 0 to 31. The DEVID value is not necessarily the same as the SDEVID value. RDRAMs are sorted into regions of the same core configuration (number of bank, row, and column address bits and core type). 3.7 Write PDNX, PDNXA Registers The PDNX and PDNXA registers are written with values that are used to measure the timing intervals connected with an exit from the PDN (powerdown) power state. 3.8 Write NAPX Register The NAPX register is written with values that are used to measure the timing intervals connected with an exit from the NAP power state. 3.9 Write TPARM Register The TPARM register is written with values which determine the time interval between a COL packet with a memory read command and the Q packet with the read data on the Channel. The values written set the RDRAM to the minimum value permitted for the system. This will be adjusted later in stage 6.0. 3.10 Write TCDLY1 Register The TCDLY1 register is written with values which determine the time interval between a COL packet with a memory read command and the Q packet with the read data on the Channel. The values written set the RDRAM to the minimum value permitted for the system. This will be adjusted later in stage 6.0. 3.11 Write TFRM Register The TFRM register is written with a value that is related to the tRCD parameter for the system. The tRCD parameter is the time interval between a ROW packet with an activate command and the COL packet with a read or write command. 3.12 SETR/CLRR First write the following registers with the indicated values: TEST78 000416 TEST34 004016 Next, the RDRAM is given a SETR command and a CLRR command through the SIO block. This sequence performs a second reset operation on the RDRAMs. Then the TEST34 and TEST78 registers are rewritten with zero, in that order. 3.13 Write CCA and CCB Registers These registers are written with a value halfway between their minimum and maximum values. This shortens the time needed for the RDRAMs to reach their steady-state current control values in stage 5.0. 3.14 Powerdown Exit The RDRAM is in the PDN power state at this point. A broadcast PDNExit command is performed by the SIO block to place the RDRAMs in the RLX (relax) power state in which they are ready to receive ROW packets. 3.15 SETF The RDRAM is given a SETF command through the SIO block. One of the operations performed by this step is to generate a value for the AS (autoskip) bit in the SKIP register and fix the RDRAM to a particular read domain. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 35 µPD488588FF-C80-40 4.0 Controller Configuration This stage initializes the controller block. Each step of this stage will set a field of the ConfigRMC[63:0] bus to the appropriate value. Other controller implementations will have similar initialization requirements, and this stage may be used as a guide. 4.1 Initial Read Data Offset The ConfigRMC bus is written with a value which determines the time interval between a COL packet with a memory read command and the Q packet with the read data on the Channel. The value written sets RMC.d1 to the minimum value permitted for the system. This will be adjusted later in stage 6.0. 4.2 Configure Row/Column Timing This step determines the values of the tRAS,MIN , tRP,MIN , tRC,MIN , tRCD,MIN , tRR,MIN , and tPP,MIN RDRAM timing parameters that are present in the system. The ConfigRMC bus is written with values that will be compatible with all RDRAM devices that are present. 4.3 Set Refresh Interval This step determines the values of the tREF,MAX RDRAM timing parameter that are present in the system. The ConfigRMC bus is written with a value that will be compatible with all RDRAM devices that are present. 4.4 Set Current Control Interval This step determines the values of the tCCTRL,MAX RDRAM timing parameter that are present in the system. The ConfigRMC bus is written with a value that will be compatible with all RDRAM devices that are present. 4.5 Set Slew Rate Control Interval This step determines the values of the tTEMP,MAX RDRAM timing parameter that are present in the system. The ConfigRMC bus is written with a value that will be compatible with all RDRAM devices that are present. 4.6 Set Bank/Row/Col Address Bits This step determines the number of RDRAM bank, row, and column address bits that are present in the system. It also determines the RDRAM core types (independent, doubled, or split) that are present. The ConfigRMC bus is written with a value that will be compatible with all RDRAM devices that are present. 5.0 RDRAM Current Control This step causes the INIT block to generate a sequence of pulses which performs RDRAM maintenance operations. 6.0 RDRAM Core, Read Domain Initialization This stage completes the RDRAM initialization 6.1 RDRAM Core Initialization A sequence of 192 memory refresh transactions is performed in order to place the cores of all RDRAMs into the proper operating state. 6.2 RDRAM Read Domain Initialization A memory write and memory read transaction is performed to the RDRAM to determine which read domain the RDRAM occupies. The programmed delay of the RDRAM is then adjusted so the total RDRAM read delay (propagation delay plus programmed delay) is constant. The TPARM and TCDLY1 registers of the RDRAM is rewritten with the appropriate read delay values. The ConfigRMC bus is also rewritten with an updated value. 36 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 7.0 Other RDRAM Register Fields This stage rewrites the INIT register with the final values of the LSR, NSR, and PSR fields. In essence, the controller must read all the read-only configuration registers of all RDRAMs (or it must read the SPD device present on each RIMM), it must process this information, and then it must write all the read-write registers to place the RDRAMs into the proper operating mode. Initialization Note : 1. During the initialization process, it is necessary for the controller to perform 128 current control operations (3xCAL, 1xCAL/SAM) and one temperature calibrate operation (TCEN/TCAL) after reset or after powerdown (PDN) exit. 2. The behavior of µPD488588 at initialization is as follows. It is distinguished by the "S28IECO" bit in the SPD. S28IECO=1: Upon powerup, the device enters PDN state. The serial operations SETR, CLRR, and SETF require a SDEVID match. See the document detailing the reference initialization procedure for more information on how to handle this in a system. 3. After the step of equalizing the total read delay of the RDRAM has been completed (i.e. after the TCDLY0 and TCDLY1 fields have been written for the final time), a single final memory read transaction should be made to the RDRAM in order to ensure that the output pipeline stages have been cleared. 4. The SETF command (in the serial SRQ packet) should only be issued once during the Initialization process, as should the SETR and CLRR commands. 5. The CLRR command (in the serial SRQ packet) leaves some of the contents of the memory core in an indeterminate state. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 37 µPD488588FF-C80-40 22. Control Register Summary Table 22-1 summarizes the RDRAM control registers. Detail is provided for each control register in Figure 22-1. Read-only bits which are shaded gray are unused and return zero. Read-write bits which are shaded gray are reserved and should always be written with zero. The RIMM SPD Application Note (DL-0054) of Rambus Inc. describes additional read-only configuration registers which are present on Direct RIMMs. The state of the register fields are potentially affected by the IO Reset operation or the SETR/CLRR operation. This is indicated in the text accompanying each register diagram. Table 22-1 Control Register Summary (1/2) SA11..SA0 02116 Register INIT Field read-write/ read-only Description SDEVID read-write, 6 bits Serial device ID. Device address for control register read/write. PSX read-write, 1 bit Power select exit. PDN/NAP exit with device addr on DQA5..0. SRP read-write, 1 bit SIO repeater. Used to initialize RDRAM. NSR read-write, 1 bit NAP self-refresh. Enables self-refresh in NAP mode. PSR read-write, 1 bit PDN self-refresh. Enables self-refresh in PDN mode. LSR read-write, 1 bit Low power self-refresh. Enables low power self-refresh. TEN read-write, 1 bit Temperature sensing enable. TSQ read-write, 1 bit Temperature sensing output. DIS read-write, 1 bit RDRAM disable. IDM read-write, 1 bit Interleaved Device Mode enable. 02216 TEST34 TEST34 read-write, 16 bits Test register. Do not read or write after SIO reset. 02316 CNFGA REFBIT read-only, 3 bits Refresh bank bits. Used for multi-bank refresh. DBL read-only, 1 bit Double. Specifies doubled-bank architecture. MVER read-only, 6 bits Manufacturer version. Manufacturer identification number. PVER read-only, 6 bits Protocol version. Specifies version of Direct protocol supported. BYT read-only, 1 bit Byte. Specifies an 8-bit or 9-bit byte size. DEVTYP read-only, 3 bits Device type. Device can be RDRAM or some other device category. SPT read-only, 1 bit Split-core. Each core half is an individual dependent core. CORG read-only, 6 bits Core organization. Bank, row, column address field sizes. SVER read-only, 6 bits Stepping version. Mask version number. 02416 CNFGB 04016 DEVID DEVID read-write, 5 bits Device ID. Device address for memory read/write. 04116 REFB REFB read-write, 4 bits Refresh bank. Next bank to be refreshed by self-refresh. 04216 REFR REFR read-write, 9 bits Refresh row. Next row to be refreshed by REFA, self-refresh. 04316 CCA CCA read-write, 7 bits Current control A. Controls IOL output current for DQA. ASYMA read-write, 2 bits Asymmetry control. Controls asymmetry of VOL/VOH swing for DQA. CCB read-write, 7 bits Current control B. Controls IOL output current for DQB. ASYMB read-write, 2 bits Asymmetry control. Controls asymmetry of VOL/VOH swing for DQB. NAPXA read-write, 5 bits NAP exit. Specifies length of NAP exit phase A. NAPX read-write, 5 bits NAP exit. Specifies length of NAP exit phase A + phase B. DQS read-write, 1 bit DQ select. Selects CMD framing for NAP/PDN exit. PDNXA read-write, 13 bits PDN exit. Specifies length of PDN exit phase A. 04416 04516 04616 38 CCB NAPX PDNXA Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Table 22-1 Control Register Summary (2/2) SA11..SA0 Register Field read-write/ read-only Description 04716 PDNX PDNX read-write, 13 bits PDN exit. Specifies length of PDN exit phase A + phase B. 04816 TPARM TCAS read-write, 2 bits tCAS-C core parameter. Determines tOFFP datasheet parameter. TCLS read-write, 2 bits tCLS-C core parameter. Determines tCAC and tOFFP parameters. TCDLY0 read-write, 3 bits tCDLY0-C core parameter. Programmable delay for read data. TFRM read-write, 4 bits tFRM-C core parameter. Determines ROW - COL packet framing interval. 04916 TFRM 04a16 TCDLY1 TCDLY1 read-write, 3 bits tCDLY-1 core parameter. Programmable delay for read data. 04c16 TCYCLE TCYCLE read-write, 14 bits tCYCLE datasheet parameter. Specifies cycle time in 64ps units. 04b16 SKIP AS read-only, 1 bit Autoskip value established by the SETF command. MSE read-write, 1 bit Manual skip enable. Allows the MS value to override the AS value. MS read-write, 1 bit Manual skip value. 04d16- TEST77 TEST77 read-write, 16 bits Test register. Write with zero after SIO reset. 04e16- TEST78 TEST78 read-write, 16 bits Test register. Do not read or write after SIO reset. 04f16- TEST79 TEST79 read-write, 16 bits Test register. Do not read or write after SIO reset. 08016-Off16 reserved reserved vendor-specific Vendor-specific test registers. Do not read or write after SIO reset. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 39 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 22-1 Control Registers (1/7) Control Register : INIT Address : 02116 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 IDM SDE VID5 DIS TSQ TEN LSR PSR NSR SRP PSX 0 4 3 2 1 0 SDEVID4..0 Read/write register. Reset values are undefined except as affected by SIO Reset as noted below. SETR/CLRR Reset does not affect this register. Field Reset value Description SDEVID5..0 Serial Device Identification. Compared to SDEVID5..0 serial address field of serial request packet for register read/write transactions. This determines which RDRAM is selected for the register read or write operation. 3f16 DIS RDRAM disable. DIS=1 causes RDRAM to ignore NAP/PDN exit sequence, DIS=0 permit normal operation. This mechanism disables an RDRAM. TSQ Temperature Sensing Output. TSQ=1 when a temperature trip point has been exceeded, TSQ=0 when it has not. TSQ is available during a current control operation (see Figure 25-1). TEN Temperature Sensing Enable. TEN=1 enables temperature sensing circuitry, permitting the TSQ bit to be read to determine if a thermal trip point has been exceeded. 0 LSR Low Power Self-Refresh. This function is not supported. LSR value must be 0. 0 PSR PDN Self-Refresh. PSR=1 enables self-refresh in PDN mode. PSR can’t be set while in PDN mode. 0 NSR NAP Self-Refresh. NSR=1 enables self-refresh in NAP mode. NSR can’t be set while in NAP mode. 0 SRP SIO Repeater. Controls value on SIO1; SIO1=SIO0 if SRP=1, SIO1=1 if SRP=0. 1 PSX Power Exit Select. PDN and NAP are exited with (=0) or without (=1) a device address on the DQA5..0 pins. PDEV5 (on DQA5) selectes broadcast (1) or directed (0) exit. For a dircted exit, PDEV4..0 (on DQA4..0) is compared to DEVID4..0 to select a device. Control Register : CNFGA 15 14 13 12 PVER5..0=000001 11 10 0 Address : 02316 9 8 7 6 5 4 MVER5..0=mmmmmm 3 DBL1 2 1 0 REFBIT2..0=101 Read only register. Field Description PVER5..0 Protocol Version. Specifies the Direct Protocol version used by this device: 0 – Reserved 1 – Version 1 protocol. 2 – Version 1 plus Interleaved Device Mode. 3 to 63 – Reserved MVER5..0 Manufacturer Version. Specifies the manufacturer identification number. DBL Doubled-Bank. DBL=1 means the device uses a doubled-bank architecture with adjacent-bank dependency. DBL=0 means no dependency. REFBIT2..0 Refresh Bank Bits. Specifies the number of bank address bits used by REFA and REFP commands. Permits multi-bank refresh in future RDRAMs. Caution In RDRAMs with protocol version 1 PVER[5:0] =000001, the range of the PDNX field (PDNX[2:0] in the PDNX register) may not be large enough to specify the location of the restricted interval in Figure 23-3. In this case, the effective tS4 parameter must increase and no row or column packets may overlap the restricted interval. See Figure 23-3 and Timing conditions table. 40 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 22-1 Control Registers (2/7) Control Register : CNFGB 15 14 13 12 11 10 Address : 02416 9 SVER5..0=ssssss 8 7 6 5 CORG4..0=01000 4 SPT0 3 2 1 DEVTYP2..0=000 0 BYTB Read only register. Field Description SVER5..0 Stepping version. Specifies the mask version number of this device. CORG4..0 Core organization. This field specifies the number of bank (5 bits), row (9 bits), and column (7 bits) address bits. SPT Split-core. SPT=1 means the core is split, SPT=0 means it is not. DEVTYP2..0 Device type. DEVTYP=000 means that this device is an RDRAM. BYT Byte width. B=1 means the device reads and writes 9-bit memory bytes.B=0 means 8 bits. Control Register : TEST34 Address : 02216 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 Read/write register. Reset values of TEST34 is zero (from SIO Reset). This register are used for testing purposes. It must not be read or written after SIO Reset. Control Register : DEVID Address : 04016 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 DEVID4..0 Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Field Description DEVID4..0 Device Identification register. DEVID4..DEVID0 is compared to DR4..DR0, DC4..DC0, and DX4..DX0 fields for all memory read or write transactions. This determines which RDRAM is selected for the memory read or write transaction. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 41 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 22-1 Control Registers (3/7) Control Register : REFB Address : 04116 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 1 0 REFB4..0 Read/write register. Reset value Field Description REFB4..0 Refresh Bank Register. REFB4..REFB0 is the bank that will be refreshed next during self-refresh. REFB4..0 is incremented after each self-refresh activate and precharge operation pair. Control Register : REFR 0 Address : 04216 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 REFR8..0 Read/write register. Reset value Field Description REFR8..0 Refresh Row register. REFR8..REFR0 is the row that will be refreshed next by the REFA command or by self-refresh. REFR8..0 is incremented when BR4..0=11111 for the REFA command. REFR8..0 is incremented when REFB4..0=11111 for self-refresh. Control Register : CCA 0 Address : 04316 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 ASYM A0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CCA6..0 Read/write register. Field Reset value Description ASYMA0 ASYMA0 control the asymmetry of the VOL/VOH voltage swing about the VREF reference voltage for the DQA8..0 pins. ASYMA0 ODF 0 0.00 1 0.12 0 Where ODF is the Over Drive Factor (the extra IOL current sunk by an RSL output when ASYMA0 is set). CCA6..0 Current Control A. Controls the IOL output current for the DQA8..DQA0 pins. Control Register : CCB Address : 04416 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 ASYM B0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CCB6..0 Read/write register. Field ASYMB0 Reset value Description ASYMB0 control the asymmetry of the VOL/VOH voltage swing about the VREF reference voltage for the DQB8..0 pins. ASYMB0 ODF 0 0.00 1 0.12 Where ODF is the Over Drive Factor (the extra IOL current sunk by an RSL output when ASYMB0 is set). CCB6..0 42 Current Control B. Controls the IOL output current for the DQB8..DQB0 pins. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 0 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 22-1 Control Registers (4/7) Control Register : NAPX 15 14 13 12 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 DQS Address : 04516 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 NAPX4..0 2 1 0 NAPXA4..0 Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Note tSCYCLE is tCYCLE1 (SCK cycle time). Field Description DQ Select. This field specifies the number of SCK cycles (0 ≥ 0.5 cycles, 1 ≥ 1.5 cycles) between the CMD pin framing sequence and the device selection on DQ5..0. see Figure 23-4. This field must be written with a ”1” for this RDRAM. DQS NAPX4..0 Nap Exit Phase A plus B. This field specifies the number of SCK cycles during the first plus second phases for exiting NAP mode. It must satisfy: NAPX•tSCYCLE ≥ NAPXA•tSCYCLE+tNAPXB,MAX Do not set this field to zero. NAPXA4..0 Nap Exit Phase A. This field specifies the number of SCK cycles during the first phase for exiting NAP mode. It must satisfy: NAPXA•tSCYCLE ≥ tNAPXA,MAX Do not set this field to zero. Control Register : PDNXA 15 14 13 0 0 0 12 11 10 Address : 04616 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PDNXA12..0 Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Field Description PDNXA4..0 PDN Exit Phase A. This field specifies the number of (64•SCK cycle) units during the first phase for exiting PDN mode. It must satisfy: PDNXA•64•tSCYCLE ≥ tPDNXA,MAX Do not set this field to zero. Note – only PDNXA4..0 are implemented. Note – tSCYCLE is tCYCLE1 (SCK cycle time). Control Register : PDNX 15 14 13 0 0 0 12 11 Address : 04716 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PDNX12..0 Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Field Description PDNX2..0 PDN Exit Phase A puls B. This field specifies the number of (256•SCK cycle) units during the first plus second phases for exiting PDN mode. It should satisfy: PDNX•256•tSCYCLE ≥ PDNXA•64•tSCYCLE+tPDNXB,MAX It this equation can’t be satisfied, then the maximum PDNX value should be written, and the tS4 / tH4 timing window will be modified (see Figure 23-4). Do not set this field to zero. Note – only PDNX2..0 are implemented. Note – tSCYCLE is tCYCLE1 (SCK cycle time). Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 43 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 22-1 Control Registers (5/7) Control Register : TPARM Address : 04816 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 4 3 TCDLY0 2 1 TCLS 0 TCAL Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Field Description TCDLY0 Specifies the tCDLY0-C core parameter in tCYCLE units. This adds a programmable delay to Q (read data) packets, permitting round trip read delay to all device to be equalized. This field may be written with the values “010” (2•tCYCLE) through “101” (5•tCYCLE). TCLS1..0 Specifies the tCLS-C core parameter in tCYCLE units. Should be “10” (2•tCYCLE). Specifies the tCAS-C core parameter in tCYCLE units. This should be “10” (2•tCYCLE). TCAS1..0 The equations relating the core parameters to the datasheet parameters follow: tCAS-C=2•tCYCLE tCLS-C=2•tCYCLE tCPS-C=1•tCYCLE Not programmable tOFFP=tCPS-C + tCAS-C + tCLS-C - 1•tCYCLE =4•tCYCLE tRCD=tRCD-C + 1•tCYCLE – tCLS-C =tRCD-C - 1•tCYCLE tCAC=3•tCYCLE + tCLS-C + tCDLY0-C + tCDLY1-C (see table below programming ranges) tCDLY0-C TCDLY1 tCDLY1-C 010 2•tCYCLE 000 0•tCYCLE 7•tCYCLE not allowed 011 3•tCYCLE 000 0•tCYCLE 8•tCYCLE 8•tCYCLE 011 3•tCYCLE 001 1•tCYCLE 9•tCYCLE 9•tCYCLE 011 3•tCYCLE 010 2•tCYCLE 10•tCYCLE 10•tCYCLE 100 4•tCYCLE 010 2•tCYCLE 11•tCYCLE 11•tCYCLE 101 5•tCYCLE 010 2•tCYCLE 12•tCYCLE 12•tCYCLE TCDLY0 Control Register : TFRM tCAC@tCYCLE=3.30 ns tCAC@tCYCLE=2.50 ns Address : 04916 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 TFRM3..0 Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Field TFRM3..0 44 Description Specifies the position of the framing point in tCYCLE units. This value must be greater than or equal to the tFRM,MIN parameter. This is the minimum offset between a ROW packet (which places a device at ATTN) and the first COL packet (directed to that device) which must be framed. This field may be written with the value “0111” (7•tCYCLE) through “1010” (10•tCYCLE). TFRM is usually set to the value which matches the largest tRCD,MIN parameter (modulo 4•tCYCLE) that is present in an RDRAM in the memory system. Thus, if an RDRAM with tRCD,MIN=11•tCYCLE were present, then TFRM would be programmed to 7•tCYCLE. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 22-1 Control Registers (6/7) Control Register : TCDLY1 Address : 04a16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 TCDLY1 Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Field Description TCDLY1 Specifies the value of the tCDLY1-C core parameter in tCYCLE units. This adds a programmable delay to Q (read data) packets, permitting round trip read to delay all devices to be equalized. This field may be written with the values “000” (0•tCYCLE) through “010” (2•tCYCLE). Refer to TPARM Register for more details. Control Register : SKIP Address : 04b16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 AS MSE MS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write register (except AS field). Reset value is zero (SIO Reset). Field Description Manual skip (MS must be 1 when MSE=1). > During initialization, the RDRAMs at the furthest point in the fifth read domain may have selected the AS=0 value, placing them at the closest point in a sixth read domain. Setting the MSE/MS fields to 1/1 overrides the autoskip value and returns them to the furthest point of the fifth read domain. MS Manual skip enable (0=auto, 1=manual ). MSE Autoskip. Read-only value determined by autoskip circuit and stored when SETF serial command is received by RDRAM during initialization. In Figure34-1, AS=1 corresponds to the early Q(a1) packet and AS=0 to the Q(a1) packet one tCYCLE later for the four uncertain cases. AS Control Register : TCYCLE 15 14 0 0 13 12 11 10 Address : 04c16 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TCYCLE13..0 Read/write register. Reset value is undefined. Field TCYCLE13..0 Description Specifies the value of the tCYCLE datasheet parameter in 64ps units. For the tCYCLE,MIN of 2.50 ns (2500ps), this field should be written with the value “0002716” (39•64ps). Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 45 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 22-1 Control Registers (7/7) Control Register : TEST77 Address : 04d16 Control Register : TEST78 Address : 04e16 Control Register : TEST79 Address : 04f16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write register. Field Reset value Description TEST77 It must be written with zero after SIO reset. These registers must only be used for testing purposes. TEST78 Do not read or written after SIO reset. 0 TEST79 Do not read or written after SIO reset. 0 46 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 23. Power State Management Table 23-1 summarizes the power states available to a Direct RDRAM. In general, the lowest power states have the longest operational latencies. For example, the relative power levels of PDN state and STBY state have a ratio of about 1:110, and the relative access latencies to get read data have a ratio of about 250:1. PDN state is the lowest power state available. The information in the RDRAM core is usually maintained with selfrefresh; an internal timer automatically refreshes all rows of all banks. PDN has a relatively long exit latency because the TCLK/RCLK block must resynchronize itself to the external clock signal. NAP state is another low-power state in which either self-refresh or REFA-refresh are used to maintain the core. See 24. Refresh for a description of the two refresh mechanisms. NAP has a shorter exit latency than PDN because the TCLK/RCLK block maintains its synchronization state relative to the external clock signal at the time of NAP entry. This imposes a limit (tNLIMIT) on how long an RDRAM may remain in NAP state before briefly returning to STBY or ATTN to update this synchronization state. Table 23-1 Power State Summary Power State Description Blocks consuming power Power state Description Blocks consuming power PDN Powerdown state. Self-refresh NAP Nap state. Similar to PDN except lower wake-up latency. Self-refresh or REFA-refresh TCLK/RCLK-Nap STBY Standby state. Ready for ROW packets. REFA-refresh TCLK/RCLK ROW demux receiver ATTN Attention state. Ready for ROW and COL packets. REFA-refresh TCLK/RCLK ROW demux receiver COL demux receiver ATTNR Attention read state. Ready for ROW and COL packets. Sending Q (read data) packets. REFA-refresh TCLK/RCLK ROW demux receiver COL demux receiver DQ mux transmitter Core power ATTNW Attention write state. Ready for ROW and COL packets. Ready for D (write data) packets. REFA-refresh TCLK/RCLK ROW demux receiver COL demux receiver DQ demux receiver Core power Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 47 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 23-1 summarizes the transition conditions needed for moving between the various power states. Note that NAP and PDN have been divided into two substates (NAP-A/NAP-S and PDN-A/PDN-S) to account for the fact that a NAP or PDN exit may be made to either ATTN or STBY states. Figure 23-1 Power State Transition Diagram automatic ATTNR ATTNW automatic automatic automatic automatic automatic ATTN RLX tNLIMIT NAPR • RLXR NAP-A PDEV.CMD•SIO0 NAPR • RLXR NAP NAP-S PDEV.CMD•SIO0 PDNR • RLXR PDN-A PDEV.CMD•SIO0 PDNR • RLXR PDN NAPR PDNR ATTN PDN-S PDEV.CMD•SIO0 STBY SETR/CLRR Notation: SETR/CLRR - SETR/CLRR Reset sequence in SRQ packet PDNR - PDNR command in ROWR packet NAPR - NAPR command in ROWR packet RLXR - RLX command in ROWR packet RLX - RLX command in ROWR,COLC,COLX packets SIO0 - SIO0 input value PDEV.CMD - (PDEV=DEVID)•(CMD=01) ATTN - ROWA packet(non-broadcast) or ROWR packet (non-broadcast) with ATTN command At initialization, the SETR/CLRR Reset sequence will put the RDRAM into PDN-S state. The PDN exit sequence involves an optional PDEV specification and bits on the CMD and SIOIN pins. Once the RDRAM is in STBY, it will move to the ATTN/ATTNR/ATTNW states when it receives a non-broadcast ROWA packet or non-broadcast ROWR packet with the ATTN command. The RDRAM returns to STBY from these three states when it receives a RLX command. Alternatively, it may enter NAP or PDN state from ATTN or STBY states with a NAPR or PDNR command in an ROWR packet. The PDN or NAP exit sequence involves an optional PDEV specification and bits on the CMD and SIO0 pins. The RDRAM returns to the ATTN or STBY state it was originally in when it first entered NAP or PDN. An RDRAM may only remain in NAP state for a time tNLIMIT. It must periodically return to ATTN or STBY. The NAPRC command causes a napdown operation if the RDRAM’s NCBIT is set. The NCBIT is not directly visible. It is undefined on reset. It is set by a NAPR command to the RDRAM, and it is cleared by an ACT command to the RDRAM. It permits a controller to manage a set of RDRAMs in a mixture of power states. STBY state is the normal idle state of the RDRAM. In this state all banks and sense amps have usually been left precharged and ROWA and ROWR packets on the ROW pins are being monitored. When a non-broadcast ROWA packet or non-broadcast ROWR packet(with the ATTN command) packet addressed to the RDRAM is seen, the RDRAM enters ATTN state (see the right side of Figure 23-2). This requires a time tSA during which the RDRAM activates the specified row of the specified bank. A time TFRM•tCYCLE after the ROW packet, the RDRAM will be able to frame COL packets (TFRM is a control register field – see Figure 22-1(5/7) “TFRM Register”). Once in ATTN state, the RDRAM will automatically transition to the ATTNW and ATTNR states as it receives WR and RD commands. 48 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Once the RDRAM is in ATTN, ATTNW, or ATTNR states, it will remain there until it is explicitly returned to the STBY state with a RLX command. A RLX command may be given in an ROWR, COLC, or COLX packet (see the left side of Figure 23-2). It is usually given after all banks of the RDRAM have been precharged; if other banks are still activated, then the RLX command would probably not be given. If a broadcast ROWA packet or ROWR packet (with the ATTN command) is received, the RDRAM’s power state doesn’t change. If a broadcast ROWR packet with RLXR command is received, the RDRAM goes to STBY. Figure 23-2 STBY Entry (left) and STBY Exit (right) T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T23 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 COL4 ..COL0 CTM/CFM ROW2 ..ROW0 RLXR ROP=non-broadcast ROWA or ROWR/ATTN a0={d0, b0, r0} a1={d1, b1, c1} ROP a0 COP a1 COP a1 COP a1 COP a1 COP a0 XOP a1 XOP a0 COL4 ..COL0 RLXC RLXX TFRM•tCYCLE DQA8..0 DQB8..0 A COL packet to device d0 (or any other device) is okay at (TFRM)•tCYCLE or later. DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t SA t AS Power State ATTN STBY Power State ATTN STBY No COL packets may be placed in the three indicated positions; i.e. at (TFRM-{1,2,3})•tCYCLE. A COL packet to another device (d1!=d0) is okay at (TFRM-4)•tCYCLE or earlier. Figure 23-3 shows the NAP entry sequence (left). NAP state is entered by sending a NAPR command in a ROW packet. A time tASN is required to enter NAP state (this specification is provided for power calculation purposes). The clock on CTM/CFM must remain stable for a time tCD after the NAPR command. Figure 23-3 NAP Entry (left) and PDN Entry (right) T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T23 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 CTM/CFM CTM/CFM a0={d0, b0, r0, c0} a1={d1, b1, c1, c1} t CD ROW2 ..ROW0 ROP a0 COL4 ..COL0 COP a0 XOP a0 restricted t CD ROP a1 (NAPR) t NPQ restricted ROW2 ..ROW0 ROP a0 COL4 ..COL0 COP a0 XOP a0 restricted tNPQ COP a1 XOP a1 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 restricted COP a1 XOP a1 ROW or COL packets to a device other than d0 may overlap the restricted interval. DQA8..0 DQB8..0 ATTN/STBY Note ROW or COL packets directed to device d0 after the restricted interval will be ignored. t ASP t ASN Power State No ROW or COL packets directed to device d0 may overlap the restricted interval. No broadcast ROW packets may overlap the quiet interval. ROP a1 (PDNR) NAP Power State ATTN/STBY Note PDN Note The(eventual) NAP/PDN exit will be to the same ATTN/STBY state the RDRAM was in prior to NAP/PDN entry The RDRAM may be in ATTN or STBY state when the NAPR command is issued. When NAP state is exited, the RDRAM will return to the original starting state (ATTN or STBY). If it is in ATTN state and a RLXR command is specified with NAPR, then the RDRAM will return to STBY state when NAP is exited. Figure 23-3 also shows the PDN entry sequence (right). PDN state is entered by sending a PDNR command in a ROW packet. A time tASP is required to enter PDN state (this specification is provided for power calculation purposes). The clock on CTM/CFM must remain stable for a time tCD after the PDNR command. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 49 µPD488588FF-C80-40 The RDRAM may be in ATTN or STBY state when the PDNR command is issued. When PDN state is exited, the RDRAM will return to the original starting state (ATTN or STBY). If it is in ATTN state and a RLXR command is specified with PDNR, then the RDRAM will return to STBY state when PDN is exited. The current- and slew-ratecontrol levels are re-established. The RDRAM’s write buffer must be retired with the appropriate COP command before NAP or PDN are entered. Also, all the RDRAM’s banks must be precharged before NAP or PDN are entered. The exception to this is if NAP is entered with the NSR bit of the INIT register cleared(disabling self-refresh in NAP). The commands for relaxing, retiring, and precharging may be given to the RDRAM as late as the ROPa0, COPa0, and XOPa0 packets in Figure 23-3. No broadcast packets nor packets directed to the RDRAM entering NAP or PDN may overlay the quiet window. This window extends for a time tNPQ after the packet with the NAPR or PDNR command. Figure 23-4 shows the NAP and PDN exit sequences. These sequences are virtually identical; the minor differences will be highlighted in the following description. Before NAP or PDN exit, the CTM/CFM clock must be stable for a time tCE. Then, on a falling and rising edge of SCK, if there is a “01” on the CMD input, NAP or PDN state will be exited. Also, on the falling SCK edge the SIO0 input must be at a 0 for NAP exit and 1 for PDN exit. If the PSX bit of the INIT register is 0, then a device PDEV5..0 is specified for NAP or PDN exit on the DQA5..0 pins. This value is driven on the rising SCK edge 0.5 or 1.5 SCK cycles after the original falling edge, depending upon the value of the DQS bit of the NAPX register. If the PSX bit of the INIT register is 1, then the RDRAM ignores the PDEV5..0 address packet and exits NAP or PDN when the wake-up sequence is presented on the CMD wire. The ROW and COL pins must be quiet at a time tS4 / tH4 around the indicated falling SCK edge(timed with the PDNX or NAPX register fields). After that, ROW and COL packets may be directed to the RDRAM which is now in ATTN or STBY state. Figure 23-5 shows the constraints for entering and exiting NAP and PDN states. On the left side, an RDRAM exits NAP state at the end of cycle T3. This RDRAM may not re-enter NAP or PDN state for an interval of tNU0. The RDRAM enters NAP state at the end of cycle T13. This RDRAM may not re-exit NAP state for an interval of tNU1. The equations for these two parameters depend upon a number of factors, and are shown at the bottom of the figure. NAPX is the value in the NAPX field in the NAPX register. On the right side of Figure23-4, an RDRAM exits PDN state at the end of cycle T3. This RDRAM may not re-enter PDN or NAP state for an interval of tPU0. The RDRAM enters PDN state at the end of cycle T13. This RDRAM may not re-exit PDN state for an interval of tPU1. The equations for these two parameters depend upon a number of factors, and are shown at the bottom of the figure. PDNX is the value in the PDNX field in the PDNX register. 50 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 23-4 NAP and PDN Exit T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM If PSX=1 in Init register, then NAP/PDN exit is broadcast (no PDEV field). ROW2 ..ROW0 COL4 ..COL0 t S3 t H3 t S3 t H3 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t CE Note 2 Note 2 PDEV5..0 PDEV5..0 No ROW packets may overlap the restricted interval ROP No COL packets may overlap the restricted interval if device PDEV is exiting the NAP-A or PDN-A states COP XOP restricted ROP t S4 tH4 restricted COP XOP tS4 tH4 Note 2 DQS=0 Note 2,3 DQS=1 SCK CMD 0 1 Effective hold becomes tH4’ = tH4 +[PDNXA•64•tSCYCLE + tPDNXB,MAX] - [PDNX•256•tSCYCLE] if [PDNX•256•tSCYCLE] < [PDNXA•64•tSCYCLE + tPDNXB,MAX]. Note 1 SIO0 0/1 The packet is repeated from SIO0 to SIO1 Note 1 SIO1 0/1 (NAPX•t SCYCLE )/(256•PDNX•t SCYCLE ) Power State NAP/PDN Note 4 STBY/ATTN Note 2 DQS=0 Note 2 DQS=1 Notes 1. Use 0 for NAP exit, 1 for PDN exit 2. Device selection timing slot is selected by DQS field of NAPX register 3. The DQS field must be written with “1” for this RDRAM. 4. Exit to STBY or ATTN depends upon whether RLXR was asserted at NAP or PDN entry time Figure 23-5 NAP Entry/Exit Windows (left) and PDN Entry/Exit Windows (right) T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 CTM/CFM CTM/CFM PDN entry NAP entry ROW2 ..ROW0 ROW2 ..ROW0 NAPR PDNR SCK SCK PDN exit NAP exit CMD 0 0 1 t NU0 no entry to NAP or PDN 1 CMD 0 t NU1 0 1 tPU0 t PU1 no entry to NAP or PDN no exit no exit tNU0 =5•t CYCLE +(2+NAPX)•t SCYCLE t PU0 =5•t CYCLE +(2+256•PDNX)•t SCYCLE t NU1 =8•t CYCLE - (0.5•t SCYCLE ) t PU1 =8•t CYCLE - (0.5•t SCYCLE ) =23•t CYCLE if NSR=0 if NSR=1 =23•t CYCLE Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) if PSR=0 if PSR=1 51 µPD488588FF-C80-40 24. Refresh RDRAMs, like any other DRAM technology, use volatile storage cells which must be periodically refreshed. This is accomplished with the REFA command. Figure 24-1 shows an example of this. The REFA command in the transaction is typically a broadcast command (DR4T and DR4F are both set in the ROWR packet), so that in all devices bank number Ba is activated with row number REFR, where REFR is a control register in the RDRAM. When the command is broadcast and ATTN is set, the power state of the RDRAMs (ATTN or STBY) will remain unchanged. The controller increments the bank address Ba for the next REFA command. When Ba is equal to its maximum value, the RDRAM automatically increments REFR for the next REFA command. On average, these REFA commands are sent once every tREF / 2 BBIT+RBIT (where BBIT are the number of bank address bits and RBIT are the number of row address bits) so that each row of each bank is refreshed once every tREF interval. The REFA command is equivalent to an ACT command, in terms of the way that it interacts with other packets (see Table 6-1). In the example, an ACT command is sent after tRR to address b0, a different (non-adjacent) bank than the REFA command. A second ACT command can be sent after a time tRC to address c0, the same bank (or an adjacent bank) as the REFA command. Note that a broadcast REFP command is issued a time tRAS after the initial REFA command in order to precharge the refreshed bank in all RDRAMs. After a bank is given a REFA command, no other core operations(activate or precharge) should be issued to it until it receives a REFP. It is also possible to interleave refresh transactions (not shown). In the figure, the ACT b0 command would be replaced by a REFA b0 command. The b0 address would be broadcast to all devices, and would be {Broadcast, Ba+2,REFR}. Note that the bank address should skip by two to avoid adjacent bank interference. A possible bank incrementing pattern would be: {12, 10, 5, 3, 0, 14, 9, 7, 4, 2, 13, 11, 8, 6, 1, 15, 28, 26, 21, 19, 16, 30, 25, 23, 20, 18, 29, 27, 24, 22, 17, 31}. Every time bank 31 is reached, a REFA command would automatically increment the REFR register. A second refresh mechanism is available for use in PDN and NAP power states. This mechanism is called selfrefresh mode. When the PDN power state is entered, or when NAP power state is entered with the NSR control register bit set, then self-refresh is automatically started for the RDRAM. Self-refresh uses an internal time base reference in the RDRAM. This causes an activate and precharge to be carried out once in every tREF / 2 BBIT+RBIT interval. The REFB and REFR control registers are used to keep track of the bank and row being refreshed. Before a controller places an RDRAM into self-refresh mode, it should perform REFA/REFP refreshes until the bank address is equal to the maximum value. This ensures that no rows are skipped. Likewise, when a controller returns an RDRAM to REFA/REFP refresh, it should start with the minimum bank address value (zero). Figure 24-2 illustrates the requirement imposed by the tBURST parameter. After PDN or NAP (when self-refresh is enabled) power states are exited, the controller must refresh all banks of the RDRAM once during the interval tBURST after the restricted interval on the ROW and COL buses. This will ensure that regardless of the state of self-refresh during PDN or NAP, the tREF, MAX parameter is met for all banks. During the tBURST interval, the banks may be refreshed in a single burst, or they may be scattered throughout the interval. Note that the first and last banks to be refreshed in the tBURST interval are numbers 12 and 31, in order to match the example refresh sequence. 52 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 24-1 REFA/REFP Refresh Transaction Example T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM t RC ROW2 ..ROW0 REFA a0 ACT b0 REFP a1 t RAS COL4 ..COL0 ACT c0 REFA d0 t RP t RR tREF/2BBIT+RBIT DQA8..0 DQB8..0 Transaction a: REFA Transaction b: xx Transaction c: xx Transaction d: REFA BBIT = #bank address bits RBIT = #row address bits REFB = REFB3..REFB0 REFR = REFR8..REFR0 a1 = {Broadcast,Ba} a0 = {Broadcast,Ba,REFR} b0 = {Db, /={Ba,Ba+1,Ba-1}, Rb} c0 = {Dc, ==Ba, Rc} d0 = {Broadcast,Ba+1,REFR} Figure 24-2 NAP/PDN Exit - tBURST Requirement T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM t BURST ROW2 ..ROW0 ROP COL4 ..COL0 COP XOP restricted ROP REFA b31 32 bank refresh sequence t S4 tH4 restricted REFA b12 COP XOP tS4 tH4 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t CE SCK CMD SIO0 0 1 Note 1 0/1 The packet is repeated from SIO0 to SIO1 SIO1 Note 1 0/1 (NAPX•t SCYCLE )/(256•PDNX•t SCYCLE ) Power State NAP/PDN STBY Note 2 DQS=0 Note 2 DQS=1 Notes 1. Use 0 for NAP exit, 1 for PDN exit 2. Device selection timing slot is selected by DQS field of NAPX register Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 53 µPD488588FF-C80-40 25. Current and Temperature Control Figure 25-1 shows an example of a transaction which performs current control calibration. It is necessary to perform this operation once to every RDRAM in every tCCTRL interval in order to keep the IOL output current in its proper range. This example uses four COLX packets with a CAL command. These cause the RDRAM to drive four calibration packets Q(a0) a time tCAC later. An offset of tRDTOCC must be placed between the Q(a0) packet and read data Q(a1) from the same device. These calibration packets are driven on the DQA4..3 and DQB4..3 wires. The TSQ bit of the INIT register is driven on the DQA5 wire during same interval as the calibration packets. The remaining DQA and DQB wires are not used during these calibration packets. The last COLX packet also contains a SAM command (concatenated with the CAL command). The RDRAM samples the last calibration packet and adjusts its IOL current value. Unlike REF commands, CAL and SAM commands cannot be broadcast. This is because the calibration packets from different devices would interfere. Therefore, a current control transaction must be sent every tCCTRL /N, where N is the number of RDRAMs on the Channel. The device field Da of the address a0 in the CAL/SAM command should be incremented after each transaction. Figure 25-2 shows an example of a temperature calibration sequence to the RDRAM. This sequence is broadcast once every tTEMP interval to all the RDRAMs on the Channel. The TCEN and TCAL are ROP commands, and cause the slew rate of the output drivers to adjust for temperature drift. During the quiet interval tTCQUIET the devices being calibrated can’t be read, but they can be written. Figure 25-1 Current Control CAL/SAM Transaction Example T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM Read data from the same device from an earlier RD command must be at this packet position or earier. ROW2 ..ROW0 Read data from a different device from an earlier RD command can be anywhere prior to the Q(a0) packet. Read data from a different device from a later RD command can be anywhere after to the Q(a0) packet. Read data from the same device from a later RD command must be at this packet position or later. t CCTRL COL4 ..COL0 CAL a0 CAL a0 CAL a0 CAL/SAM a0 CAL a2 t CAC DQA8..0 DQB8..0 t CCSAMTOREAD Q (a0) Q (a1) t READTOCC Transaction a0: CAL/SAM Transaction a1: RD Transaction a2: CAL/SAM Q (a1) DQA5 of the first calibrate packet has the inverted TSQ bit of INIT control register; i.e. logic 0 or high voltage means hot temperature. When used for monitoring, it should be enabled with the DQA3 bit (current control one value) in case there is no RDRAM present: HotTemp = /DQA5•DQA3 Note that DQB3 could be used instead of DQA3. a0 = {Da, Bx} a1 = {Da, Bx} a2 = {Da, Bx} Figure 25-2 Temperature Calibration (TCEN-TCAL) Transactions to RDRAM T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12T 13 T 14 T 15 T 16T 17 T 18 T 19 T 20T 21 T 22 T 23 T 24T 25 T 26 T 27T 28T 29 T 30 T 31 T 32T 33 T 34 T 35 T 36T 37 T 38 T 39 T 40T 41 T 42 T 43T 44T 45 T 46 T 47 CTM/CFM t TEMP ROW2 ..ROW0 TCEN TCAL t TCEN COL4 ..COL0 DQA8..0 DQB8..0 54 TCEN t TCAL t TCQUIET Any ROW packet may be placed in the gap between the ROW packets with the TCEN and TCAL commands. CA L No read data from devices being calibrated Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 26. Electrical Conditions Electrical Conditions Symbol Parameter and Conditions MIN. Tj Junction temperature under bias VDD, VDDa Supply voltage VDD,N,VDDa,N Supply voltage droop (DC) during NAP interval (tNLIMT) VDD,N,VDDa,N Supply voltage ripple (AC) during NAP interval (tNLIMT) VCMOS Supply voltage for CMOS pins (2.5V controllers) Supply voltage for CMOS pins (1.8V controllers) VTERM MAX. Unit 100 °C 2.50 – 0.13 2.50 + 0.13 V — 2.0 % –2.0 +2.0 % 2.50 – 0.13 2.50 + 0.25 V 1.80 – 0.1 1.80 + 0.2 V Termination voltage 1.80 – 0.1 1.80 + 0.1 V VREF Reference voltage 1.40 – 0.2 1.40 + 0.2 V VDIL RSL data input - low voltage VREF – 0.5 VREF – 0.2 V VDIH RSL data input - high voltage VREF + 0.2 VREF + 0.5 V VDIS RSL data input swing : VDIS = VDIH – VDIL ADI RSL data asymmetry : ADI = [(VDIH – VREF) + (VDIL – VREF)] / VDIS 0.4 1.0 V 0 –20 % VX RSL clock input - crossing point of true and complement signals 1.3 1.8 V VCM RSL clock input - common mode VCM = (VCIH + VCIL ) / 2 VCIS, CTM RSL clock input swing : VCIS = VCIH – VCIL (CTM, CTMN pins). 1.4 1.7 V 0.35 1.00 V VCIS, CFM RSL clock input swing : VCIS = VCIH – VCIL (CFM, CFMN pins). 0.225 1.00 V VIL, CMOS CMOS input low voltage – 0.3 + (VCMOS / 2– 0.25) V VIH, CMOS CMOS input high voltage VCMOS / 2+0.25 VCMOS + 0.3 V Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 55 µPD488588FF-C80-40 27. Timing Conditions Timing Conditions Symbol Parameter tCYCLE CTM and CFM cycle times tCR, tCF CTM and CFM input rise and fall times tCH, tCL CTM and CFM high and low times tTR CTM-CFM differential Unit Figures 3.83 ns Figure 30-1 0.5 ns Figure 30-1 40% 60% tCYCLE Figure 30-1 (MSE/MS=0/0) 0.0 1.0 tCYCLE Figure 22-1 (MSE/MS=1/1) Note1 0.9 1.0 -C80 MIN. MAX. 2.50 0.2 Figure 30-1 tDCW Domain crossing window –0.1 +0.1 tCYCLE Figure 35-1 tDR, tDF DQA/DQB/ROW/COL input rise/fall times 0.2 0.65 ns Figure 31-1 tS, tH DQA/DQB/ROW/COL-to-CFM 0.200 — ns Figure 31-1 tCYCLE=2.50ns setup/hold time tDR1, tDF1 SIO0, SIO1 input rise and fall times — 5.0 ns Figure 33-1 tDR2, tDF2 CMD,SCK input rise and fall times — 2.0 ns Figure 33-1 tCYCLE1 SCK cycle time - Serial control register transactions 1,000 — ns Figure 33-1 10 — ns Figure 33-1 4.25 — ns Figure 33-1 1.25 — ns Figure 33-1 1 — ns Figure 33-1 SCK cycle time - Power transitions tCH1, tCL1 SCK high and low times Note2 tS1 CMD setup time to SCK rising or falling edge tH1 CMD hold time to SCK rising or falling edge Note2 tS2 SIO0 setup time to SCK falling edge 40 — ns Figure 33-1 tH2 SIO0 hold time to SCK falling edge 40 — ns Figure 33-1 tS3 PDEV setup time on DQA5..0 to SCK rising edge 0 — ns Figure 23-4, 33-2 tH3 PDEV hold time on DQA5..0 to SCK rising edge 5.5 — ns Figure 23-4, 33-2 tS4 ROW2..0, COL4..0 setup time for quiet window Note3 –1 — tCYCLE Figure 23-4 tH4 ROW2..0, COL4..0 hold time for quiet window Figure 23-4 VIL, CMOS CMOS input low voltage - over / undershoot voltage VIH, CMOS CMOS input high voltage - over / undershoot voltage 5 — tCYCLE –0.7 +(VCMOS/2–0.6) V VCMOS/2 + 0.6 VCMOS + 0.7 V duration is less than or equal to 5 ns duration is less than or equal to 5ns tNPQ Quiet on ROW / COL bits during NAP / PDN entry 4 — tCYCLE Figure 23-3 tREADTOCC Offset between read data and CC packets (same device) 12 — tCYCLE Figure 25-1 tCCSAMTOREAD Offset between CC packet and read data (same device) 8 — tCYCLE Figure 25-1 tCE CTM/CFM stable before NAP/PDN exit 2 — tCYCLE Figure 23-4 tCD CTM/CFM stable after NAP/PDN entry 100 — tCYCLE Figure 23-3 tFRM ROW packet to COL packet ATTN framing delay 7 — tCYCLE Figure 23-2 tNLIMIT Maximum time in NAP mode — 10 µs Figure 23-1 tREF Refresh interval tCCTRL Current control interval tTEMP Temperature control interval tTCEN TCE command to TCAL command tTCAL TCAL command to quiet window tTCQUIET Quiet window (no read data) tPAUSE tBURST 56 — 32 ms Figure 24-1 34 tCYCLE 100 ms — Figure 25-1 — 100 ms Figure 25-2 150 — tCYCLE Figure 25-2 2 2 tCYCLE Figure 25-2 140 — tCYCLE Figure 25-2 RDRAM delay (no RSL operations allowed) — 200 µs Figure 22-1 Interval after PDN or NAP (with self-refresh) exit in which all banks of the RDRAM must be refreshed at least once. — 200 µs Figure 24-2 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Notes 1. MSE/MS are fields of the SKIP register. For this combination (skip override) the tDCW parameter range is effectively 0.0 to 0.0. 2. With VIL,CMOS = 0.5 VCMOS − 0.6 V and VIH,CMOS = 0.5 VCMOS + 0.6 V 3. Effective hold becomes tH4’=tH4 + [PDNXA • 64 • tSCYCLE + tPDNXB,MAX ] − [PDNX • 256 • tSCYCLE ] if [PDNX • 256 • tSCYCLE ] < [PDNXA • 64 • tSCYCLE + tPDNXB,MAX ]. See Figure 23-4. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 57 µPD488588FF-C80-40 28. Electrical Characteristics Electrical Characteristics Symbol Parameter and Conditions ΘJC Junction-to-Case thermal resistance MIN. MAX. Unit — 0.5 °C/Watt IREF VREF current @ VREF,MAX –10 +10 µA IOH RSL output high current @ (0≤VOUT ≤VDD) –10 +10 µA IALL RSL IOL current @ VOL=0.9 V, VDD,MIN, Tj,MAX Note 30 90 mA ∆IOL RSL IOL current resolution step rOUT Dynamic output impedance II,CMOS CMOS input leakage current @ (0 ≤ VI,CMOS ≤ VCMOS) VOL,CMOS CMOS output low voltage @ IOL,CMOS = 1.0 mA VOH,CMOS CMOS output high voltage @ IOH,CMOS = – 0.25 mA — 2.0 mA 150 — Ω –10.0 +10.0 µA — 0.3 V VCMOS – 0.3 — V Note This measurement is made in manual current control mode; i.e. with all output device legs sinking current. 29. Timing Characteristics Timing Characteristics Symbol Parameter Unit Figure(s) tQ CTM-to-DQA/DQB output time tQR, tQF DQA/DQB output rise and fall times +0.260 ns Figure 32-1 0.45 ns Figure 32-1 tQ1 — 10 ns Figure 34-1 tHR SCK(pos)-to-SIO0 delay @ CLOAD,MAX = 20pF (SD read data hold) 2 — ns Figure 34-1 tQR1, tQF1 SIOOUT rise/fall @ CLOAD,MAX = 20 pF — 5 ns Figure 34-1 tPROP1 SIO0-to-SIO1 or SIO1-to-SIO0 delay @ CLOAD,MAX = 20 pF — 10 ns Figure 34-1 tNAPXA NAP exit delay - phase A — 50 ns Figure 23-4 tNAPXB NAP exit delay - phase B — 40 ns Figure 23-4 tPDNXA PDN exit delay - phase A — 4 µs Figure 23-4 tPDNXB PDN exit delay - phase B — 9,000 tCYCLE Figure 23-4 tAS ATTN-to-STBY power state delay — 1 tCYCLE Figure 23-2 tSA STBY-to-ATTN power state delay — 0 tCYCLE Figure 23-2 tASN ATTN/STBY-to-NAP power state delay — 8 tCYCLE Figure 23-3 tASP ATTN/STBY-to-PDN power state delay — 8 tCYCLE Figure 23-3 58 MIN. MAX. –0.260 0.2 SCK-to-SIO0 delay @ CLOAD,MAX = 20 pF (SD read packet) tCYCLE = 2.50 ns Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 30. RSL Clocking Figure 30-1 is a timing diagram which shows the detailed requirements for the RSL clock signals on the Channel. The CTM and CTMN are differential clock inputs used for transmitting information on the DQA and DQB, outputs. Most timing is measured relative to the points where they cross. The tCYCLE parameter is measured from the falling CTM edge to the falling CTM edge. The tCL and tCH parameters are measured from falling to rising and rising to falling edges of CTM. The tCR and tCF rise-and fall-time parameters are measured at the 20 % and 80 % points. The CFM and CFMN are differential clock outputs used for receiving information on the DQA, DQB, ROW and COL outputs. Most timing is measured relative to the points where they cross. The tCYCLE parameter is measured from the falling CFM edge to the falling CFM edge. The tCL and tCH parameters are measured from falling to rising and rising to falling edges of CFM. The tCR and tCF rise- and fall-time parameters are measured at the 20 % and 80 % points. The tTR parameters specifies the phase difference that may be tolerated with respect to the CTM and CFM differential clock inputs (the CTM pair is always earlier). Figure 30-1 RSL Timing - Clock Signals t CYCLE t CL t CH t CR t CR CTM V CIH 80% VXVCM 50% VX+ 20% V CIL t CF CTMN t CF t TR t CR tCR CFM V CIH 80% VXVCM VX+ 50% 20% V CIL CFMN t CL t CH t CF t CF t CYCLE Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 59 µPD488588FF-C80-40 31. RSL - Receive Timing Figure 31-1 is a timing diagram which shows the detailed requirements for the RSL input signals on the Channel. The DQA, DQB, ROW, and COL signals are inputs which receive information transmitted by a Direct RAC on the Channel. Each signal is sampled twice per tCYCLE interval. The set/hold window of the sample points is tS/tH. The sample points are centered at the 0 % and 50 % points of a cycle, measured relative to the crossing points of the falling CFM clock edge. The set and hold parameters are measured at the VREF voltage point of the input transition. The tDR and tDF rise- and fall-time parameters are measured at the 20 % and 80 % points of the input transition. Figure 31-1 RSL Timing - Data Signals for Receive CFM V CIH 80% VXVCM 50% VX+ 20% V CIL CFMN 0.5•t CYCLE DQA DQB tS t DR tH tS tH V DIH ROW 80% COL even odd V REF 20% VDIL t DF 60 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 32. RSL - Transmit Timing Figure 32-1 is a timing diagram which shows the detailed requirements for the RSL output signals on the Channel. The DQA and DQB signals are outputs to transmit information that is received by a Direct RAC on the Channel. Each signal is driven twice per tCYCLE interval. The beginning and end of the even transmit window is at the 75 % point of the previous cycle and at the 25 % point of the current cycle. The beginning and end of the odd transmit window is at the 25 % point and at the 75 % point of the current cycle. These transmit points are measured relative to the crossing points of the falling CTM clock edge. The size of the actual transmit window is less than the ideal tCYCLE/2, as indicated by the non-zero valued of tQ,MIN and tQ,MAX. The tQ parameters are measured at the 50 % voltage point of the output transition. The tQR and tQF rise- and fall-time parameters are measured at the 20 % and 80 % points of the output transition. Figure 32-1 RSL Timing - Data Signals for Transmit CTM VCIH 80% VXVCM 50% VX+ 20% CTMN VCIL 0.75•t CYCLE 0.75•t CYCLE 0.25•t CYCLE DQA DQB tQ,MIN t Q,MIN t Q,MAX tQ,MAX tQR VQH 80% even odd 50% 20% t QF Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) VQL 61 µPD488588FF-C80-40 33. CMOS - Receive Timing Figure 33-1 is a timing diagram which shows the detailed requirements for the CMOS input signals. The CMD and SIO0 signals are inputs which receive information transmitted by a controller (or by another RDRAM’s SIO1 output). SCK is the CMOS clock signal driven by the controller. All signals are high true. The cycle time, high phase time, and low phase time of the SCK clock are tCYCLE1, tCH1 and tCL1, all measured at the 50 % level. The rise and fall times of SCK, CMD, and SIO0 are tDR1 and tDF1, measured at the 20 % and 80 % levels. The CMD signal is sampled twice per tCYCLE1 interval, on the rising edge (odd data) and the falling edge (even data). The set/hold window of the sample points is tS1/tH1. The SCK and CMD timing points are measured at the 50 % level. The SIO0 signal is sampled once per tCYCLE1 interval on the falling edge. The set/hold window of the sample points is tS2/tH2. The SCK and SIO0 timing points are measured at the 50 % level. Figure 33-1 CMOS Timing - Data Signals for Receive t DR2 V IH,CMOS SCK 80% 50% 20% t CYCLE1 t DF2 t CH1 t S1 tDR2 V IL,CMOS t CL1 tH1 tS1 t H1 V IH,CMOS CMD 80% even odd 50% 20% VIL,CMOS t DF2 t DR1 tS2 t H2 V IH,CMOS SIO0 80% 50% 20% V IL,CMOS t DF1 62 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 The SCK clock is also used for sampling data on RSL input in one situation. Figure23-4 shows the PDN and NAP exit sequences. If the PSX field of the INIT register is one (Figure 22-1 control registers (1/7) “INIT Register”), then the PDN and NAP exit sequences are broadcast; i.e. all RDRAMs that are in PDN or NAP will perform the exit sequence. If the PSX field of the INIT register is zero, then the PDN and NAP exit sequences are directed; i.e. only one RDRAM that is in PDN or NAP will perform the exit sequence. The address of that RDRAM is specified on the DQA[5:0] bus in the set hold window tS3/tH3 around the rising edge of SCK. This is shown Figure 33-2. The SCK timing point is measured at the 50 % level, and the DQA [5:0] bus signals are measured at the VREF level. Figure 33-2 CMOS Timing - Device Address for NAP or PDN Exit V IH,CMOS SCK 80% 50% 20% V IL,CMOS t S3 t H3 V DIH DQA[5:0] 80% PDEV V REF 20% VDIL Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 63 µPD488588FF-C80-40 34. CMOS - Transmit Timing Figure 34-1 is a timing diagram which shows the detailed requirements for the CMOS output signals. The SIO0 signal is driven once per tCYCLE1 interval on the falling edge. The clock-to-output window is tQ1,MIN /tQ1,MAX. The SCK and SIO0 timing points are measured at the 50 % level. The rise and fall times of SIO0 are tQR1 and tQF1, measured at the 20 % and 80 % levels. Figure34-1 also shows the combinational path connecting SIO0 to SIO1 and the path connecting SIO1 to SIO0 (read data only). The tPROP1 parameter specified this propagation delay. The rise and fall times of SIO0 and SIO1 input must be tDR1 and tDF1, measured at the 20 % and 80 % levels. The rise and fall times of SIO0 and SIO1 outputs are tQR1 and tQF1, measured at the 20 % and 80 % levels. Figure 34-1 CMOS Timing - Data Signals for Transmit VIH,CMOS SCK 80% 50% 20% VIL,CMOS t HR,MIN t Q1,MAX t QR1 VOH,CMOS SIO0 80% 50% 20% VOL,CMOS t QF1 t DR1 VIH,CMOS SIO0 or SIO1 80% 50% 20% VIL,CMOS t DF1 t PROP1,MAX t PROP1,MIN tQR1 VOH,CMOS SIO0 or SIO1 80% 50% 20% VOL,CMOS t QF1 64 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 35. RSL - Domain Crossing Window When read data is returned by the RDRAM, information must cross from the receive clock domain (CFM) to the transmit clock domain (CTM). The tTR parameter permits the CFM to CTM phase to vary though an entire cycle ; i.e. there is no restriction on the alignment of these two clocks. A second parameter tDCW is needed in order to describe how the delay between a RD command packet and read data packet varies as a function of the tTR value. Figure 35-1 shows this timing for five distinct values of tTR. Case A (tTR=0) is what has been used throughout this document. The delay between the RD command and read data is tCAC. As tTR varies from zero to tCYCLE (cases A through E), the command to data delay is (tCAC-tTR). When the tTR value is in the range 0 to tDCW,MAX, the command to data delay can also be (tCAC-tTR-tCYCLE). This is shown as cases A’ and B’ (the gray packets). Similarly, when the tTR value is in the range (tCYCLE+tDCW,MIN) to tCYCLE, the command to data delay can also be (tCAC-tTR+tCYCLE). This is shown as cases D’ and E’ (the gray packets). The RDRAM will work reliably with either the white or gray packet timing. The delay value is selected at initialization, and remains fixed thereafter. Figure 35-1 RSL Timing - Crossing Read Domains CFM ••• COL ••• CTM DQA/B t CYCLE RDa1 tTR Case A tCAC -t TR t TR=0 Q(a1) t CAC -tTR-tCYCLE Case A' t TR=0 DQA/B Q(a1) ••• CTM tTR DQA/B Case B t TR =t DCW,MAX DQA/B Case B' t TR =t DCW,MAX tTR t TR Q(a1) Case D tTR =t CYCLE + t DCW,MIN t CAC -tTR Case D' t TR =t CYCLE + t DCW,MIN tCAC -t TR +t CYCLE Q(a1) Q(a1) ••• CTM t TR DQA/B t CAC -t TR Case C t TR =0.5•t CYCLE ••• DQA/B DQA/B Q(a1) ••• CTM DQA/B Q(a1) t CAC -t TR -t CYCLE CTM DQA/B t CAC -t TR t CAC -t TR Case E t TR =t CYCLE Case E' t TR =t CYCLE Q(a1) t CAC -tTR+tCYCLE Q(a1) Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 65 µPD488588FF-C80-40 36. Timing Parameters Timing Parameters Summary Para- Description -C80 meter Units Figures -40 MIN. MAX. Row Cycle time of RDRAM banks - the interval between ROWA packets with ACT commands to the same bank. 28 — RAS-asserted time of RDRAM bank - the interval between ROWA packet with ACT command and next ROWR packet with PRER Note 1 command to the same bank. 20 Row Precharge time of RDRAM banks - the interval between ROWR packet with PRER Note 1 command and next ROWA packet with ACT command to the same bank. 8 tPP Precharge-to-precharge time of RDRAM device - the interval between successive ROWR packets with PRER Note 1 commands to any banks of the same device. 8 — tCYCLE Figure10-3 tRR RAS-to-RAS time of RDRAM device - the interval between successive ROWA packets with ACT commands to any banks of the same device. 8 — tCYCLE Figure12-1 tRCD RAS-to-CAS Delay - the interval from ROWA packet with ACT command to COLC packet with RD or WR command. Note - the RASto-CAS delay seen by the RDRAM core (tRCD-C) is equal to tRCD-C = 1 + tRCD because of differences in the row and column paths through the RDRAM interface. 7 — tCYCLE Figure13-1 CAS Access delay - the interval from RD command to Q read data. The equation for tCAC is given in the TPARM register in Figure 22-1(5/7). 8 tRC tRAS tRP tCAC tCYCLE Figure13-1 Figure14-1 Note 2 tCYCLE Figure13-1 64µs — Figure14-1 tCYCLE Figure13-1 Figure14-1 Figure14-1 12 tCYCLE Figure4-1 Figure4-1 tCWD CAS Write Delay - interval from WR command to D write data. 6 6 tCYCLE tCC CAS-to-CAS time of RDRAM bank - the interval between successive COLC commands. 4 — tCYCLE Figure13-1 tPACKET Length of ROWA, ROWR, COLC, COLM or COLX packet. 4 4 tCYCLE tRTR Interval from COLC packet with WR command to COLC packet which causes retire, and to COLM packet with bytemask. 8 — tCYCLE Figure15-1 tOFFP The interval (offset) from COLC packet with RDA command, or from COLC packet with retire command (after WRA automatic precharge), or from COLC packet with PREC command, or from COLX packet with PREX command to the equivalent ROWR packet with PRER. The equation for tOFFP is given in the TPARM register in Figure 22-1(5/7). 4 4 tCYCLE Figure14-2 tRDP Interval from last COLC packet with RD command to ROWR packet with PRER. 4 — tCYCLE Figure13-1 tRTP Interval from last COLC packet with automatic retire command to ROWR packet with PRER. 4 — tCYCLE Figure14-1 Figure14-1 Figure2-1 Notes 1. Or equivalent PREC or PREX command. See Figure 12-2. 2. This is a constraint imposed by the core, and is therefore in units of ms rather than tCYCLE. 66 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 37. Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter MIN. MAX. Unit VI,ABS Voltage applied to any RSL or CMOS pin with respect to GND –0.3 VDD +0.3 V VDD,ABS ,VDDa,ABS Voltage on VDD and VDDa with respect to GND –0.5 VDD +1.0 V TSTORE Storage temperature –50 +100 °C Caution Exposing the device to stress above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings could cause permanent damage. The device is not meant to be operated under conditions outside the limits described in the operational section of this specification. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 38. IDD - Supply Current Profile IDD - Supply Current Profile IDD value RDRAM blocks consuming power @ tCYCLE Note 1 MIN. MAX. Unit IDD,PDN Self-refresh only for INIT.LSR=0 6.0 mA IDD,NAP T/RCLK-Nap 4.2 mA IDD,STBY T/RCLK,ROW-demux 90 mA 2.50 ns IDD,ATTN T/RCLK, ROW-demux, COL-demux 2.50 ns 135 mA IDD,ATTN-W T/RCLK, ROW-demux, COL-demux, 2.50 ns 765 mA 2.50 ns 705 mA DQ-demux, 1•WR-SenseAmp, 4•ACT-Bank IDD,ATTN-R T/RCLK, ROW-demux, COL-demux, DQ-mux, 1•RD-SenseAmp, 4•ACT-Bank Note 2 Notes 1. The CMOS interface consumes power in all power states. 2. This does not include the IOL sink current. The RDRAM dissipates IOL•VOL in each output driver when a logic one is driven. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 67 µPD488588FF-C80-40 39. Capacitance and Inductance Figure 39-1 shows the equivalent load circuit of the RSL and CMOS pins. The circuit models the load that the device presents to the Channel. This circuit does not include pin coupling effects that are often present in the packaged device. Because coupling effects make the effective single-pin inductance LI, and capacitance CI, a function of neighboring pins, these parameters are intrinsically data-dependent. For purposes of specifying the device electrical loading on the Channel, the effective LI and CI are defined as the worst-case values over all specified operating conditions. LI is defined as the effective pin inductance based on the device pin assignment. Because the pad assignment places each RSL signal adjacent to an AC ground (a GND or VDD pin), the effective inductance must be defined based on this configuration. Therefore, LI assumes a loop with the RSL pin adjacent to an AC ground. CI is defined as the effective pin capacitance based on the device pin assignment. It is the sum of the effective package pin capacitance and the IO pad capacitance. Figure 39-1 Equivalent Load Circuit for RSL Pins Pad LI DQA,DQB,RQ Pin CI RI GND Pin Pad LI CTM,CTMN, CFM,CFMN Pin CI RI GND Pin Pad L I,CMOS SCK,CMD Pin CI GND Pin Pad L I,CMOS SIO0,SIO1 Pin C I,CMOS,SIO GND Pin 68 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 RSL Pin Parasitics Symbol Parameter and Conditions - RSL pins MIN. MAX. Unit LI RSL effective input inductance – 4.0 nH L12 Mutual inductance between any DQA or DQB RSL signals. – 0.2 nH Mutual inductance between any ROW or COL RSL signals. – 0.6 nH ∆LI Difference in LI value between any RSL pins of a single device. CI RSL effective input capacitance C12 – 1.8 nH 2.0 2.4 pF Mutual capacitance between any RSL signals. – 0.1 pF ∆CI Difference in CI value between any RSL pins of a single device. – 0.06 pF RI RSL effective input resistance 4 15 Ω MIN. MAX. Unit – 8.0 nH 1.7 2.1 pF – 7.0 pF Note 800 MHz Note This value is a combination of the device IO circuitry and package capacitances. CMOS Pin Parasitics Symbol Parameter and Conditions - CMOS pins LI,CMOS CMOS effective input inductance CI,CMOS CI,CMOS,SIO CMOS effective input capacitance (SCK,CMD) CMOS effective input capacitance (SIO1,SIO0) Note Note Note This value is a combination of the device IO circuitry and package capacitances. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 69 µPD488588FF-C80-40 40. Interleaved Device Mode Interleaved Device Mode permits a group of eight RDRAMs on the Channel to collectively respond to acommand. The purpose of this collective response is to limit the number of bits in each dualoct data packet which are read from or written to a single RDRAM device. This capability permits a memory controller to implement hardware for fault detection and correction that can tolerate the complete internal failure of one RDRAM device on a Channel. The IDM bit of the INIT control register enables this fault tolerant operating mode. When it is set, the RDRAM will interpret the DR4..0 and DC4..0 fields of the ROW and COLC packets differently. Figure 40-1 shows the differences using an example system with eight RDRAMs. The DEVID4..0 registers of these RDRAMs are initial-ized to “00000” through “00111’. However, when the IDM bit is set, only the upper two bits (DEVID4..3) will be compared to the DR4..3 and DC4..3 fields. This means that ROW and COLC packets will be executed by groups of eight RDRAMs, with a Channel containing from one to four of these groups. The low-order DR2..0 bits are not used when IDM is set, and the low-order DC2..0 bits have a modified function described below. With IDM set, a directed ACT or PRE command in a ROW packet causes eight RDRAMs to perform the indicated operation. Likewise, when a RD or WR command is specified in a COLC command, the selected group of eight RDRAMs responds. When using IDM, devices must be added to the Channel in groups of eight. An application will typically make the IDM bit setting the same for all RDRAMs on a Channel. The mechanism for indicating a broadcast ROW packet (DR4F and DR4T are both set to one) is not affected by the setting of the IDM bit; i.e. IDM mode does not change the broadcast ROW packet mechanism. Likewise, the COLX fields (DX4..0, XOP4..0, and BX5..0) are not changed by IDM mode - all COLX packets are directed to a single device. When the IDM bit is set, COLM packets should not be used (the M bit should be set to zero, selecting only COLX packets). This is because the mapping of bytes to RDRAM storage cells is changed by IDM mode. Returning to Figure 40-1, the remaining fields of the ROW and COLC packets are interpreted in the same way regardless of the setting of the IDM bit – IDM mode does not affect these fields. Specifically, the BR5..0 and BC5..0 fields of the ROW and COLC packets are used to select one of the banks just as when IDM is not set. The R8..0 field of the ROW packet selects a row of the selected (BR5..0) bank to load into the bank’s sense amp. And the C6..0 field selects one dualoct of the selected (BC5..0) bank’s sense amp. The IDM bit affects what is done with this selected dualoct. When IDM is not set, the dualoct is driven onto the Channel by the single selected RDRAM device. When IDM is set, the RDRAM of the eight device group selected by DC4..3 drives 16 or 24 bits (x18 device) of the 144-bit dualoct. The bits driven are a function of the DEVID2..0 RDRAM register field, the DC2..0 COLC packet field, and the device width (x18). Figure 40-1 shows the mapping that is appropriate for DC2..0=000. Figure 40-2 and Figure 40-3 show the mapping for all eight values of DC2..0. There are eight mappings, which are rotated among the eight devices using the following equation: Pin = 7 - 4 • (DEVID2^DC2) - 2 • (DEVID1^DC1) - 1 • (DEVID0^DC0) (Eq 1) where “^” is the exclusive-or function. “Pin” is the pin number that is driven by the RDRAM with the DEVID2..0 value. For example, Pin=0 means the RDRAM drives DQA0 and DQB0, and so forth. The DQA8 pin is always driven with DQA7, and DQB8 is always driven with DQB6 for x18 devices. For x16 devices, the DQA8 and DQB8 pins are not used. For each of the eight mappings, the eight-RDRAM group supplies a complete dualoct. As the application steps through eight values of DC2..0, all the bits of the eight underlying dualocts will be accessed. Thus, an eight-RDRAM group appears to be a single RDRAM with eight times the normal page size, with the DC2..0 field providing the extra column addressing informa-tion (beyond what C6..0 provides). 70 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 40-1 ACT, PRE, RD, and WR Commands for Eight RDRAM System with IDM = 1 RDRAM 0 RDRAM 1 RDRAM 2 RDRAM 3 RDRAM 4 RDRAM 5 RDRAM 6 RDRAM 7 DEVID 4..0 00000 00001 00010 00011 00100 00101 00110 00111 DR4..3 DC4..3 compare to DEVID4..3 same as device 0 same as device 0 same as device 0 same as device 0 same as device 0 same as device 0 same as device 0 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA5 DQB5 DQA4 DQB4 DQA3 DQB3 DQA2 DQB2 DQA1 DQB1 DQA0 DQB0 access device bank array • BR5..0 BC5..0 • • access bank • one bank • • R12..0 • • • access row • • • PRE ACT sense amp. C6..0 • • • • access column WR RD DC2..0 =000 form dualoct DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 Channel notation DQA0 • • • DQA8 DQB0 • • • • • • • • DQB8 CTM/CFM • • • B device (2 banks) R bank (2 rows) Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) • • row (2C dualocts) dualoct (144 bits) one bit 71 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 40-2 Mapping from DEVID2..0 and DC2..0 Fields to DQ Packet with IDM = 1 DEVID2..0 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 DC2..0 Mapping for previous figure 000 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA5 DQB5 DQA4 DQB4 DQA3 DQB3 DQA2 DQB2 DQA1 DQB1 DQA0 DQB0 001 CTM/CFM DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 DQA4 DQB4 DQA5 DQB5 DQA2 DQB2 DQA3 DQB3 DQA0 DQB0 DQA1 DQB1 DQA5 DQB5 DQA4 DQB4 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA1 DQB1 DQA0 DQB0 DQA3 DQB3 DQA2 DQB2 DQA4 DQB4 DQA5 DQB5 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 DQA0 DQB0 DQA1 DQB1 DQA2 DQB2 DQA3 DQB3 010 011 72 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) DQA0 DQA1 DQA2 DQA3 DQA4 DQA5 DQA6 DQA7 DQA8 DQB0 DQB1 DQB2 DQB3 DQB4 DQB5 DQB6 DQB7 DQB8 µPD488588FF-C80-40 Figure 40-3 Mapping from DEVID2..0 and DC2..0 Fields to DQ Packet with IDM = 1 (continued) DEVID2..0 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 DQA3 DQB3 DQA2 DQB2 DQA1 DQB1 DQA0 DQB0 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA5 DQB5 DQA4 DQB4 DC2..0 100 101 CTM/CFM DQA2 DQB2 DQA3 DQB3 DQA0 DQB0 DQA1 DQB1 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 DQA4 DQB4 DQA5 DQB5 DQA1 DQB1 DQA0 DQB0 DQA3 DQB3 DQA2 DQB2 DQA5 DQB5 DQA4 DQB4 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA0 DQB0 DQA1 DQB1 DQA2 DQB2 DQA3 DQB3 DQA4 DQB4 DQA5 DQB5 DQA6 DQB6 DQB8 DQA7 DQB7 DQA8 110 DQA0 DQA1 DQA2 DQA3 DQA4 DQA5 DQA6 DQA7 DQA8 DQB0 DQB1 DQB2 DQB3 DQB4 DQB5 DQB6 DQB7 DQB8 111 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 73 µPD488588FF-C80-40 41. Glossary of Terms ACT Activate command from AV field. D Write data packet on DQ pins. activate To access a roe and place in sense amp. DBL CNFGB register field – doubled-bank. activate To access a row and place in sense amp. DC Device address field in COLC packet. adjacent Two RDRAM banks which share sense amps (also called doubled banks). device An RDRAM on a Channel. DEVID Control register with device address that is matched against DR, DC, and DX fields. ASYM CCA register field for RSL VOL / VOH. ATTN Power state – ready for ROW / COL packets. DM Device match for ROW packet decode. ATTNR Power state – transmitting Q packets. Doubled-bank RDRAM with shared sense amp. ATTNW Power state – receiving D packets. DQ DQA and DQB pins. AV Opcode field in ROW packets. DQA Pins for data byte A. bank A block of 2RBIT•2CBIT storage cells in the core of the RDRAM. DQB Pins for data byte B. DQS NAPX register field – PDN/NAP exit. BC Bank address field in CLC packet. BBIT CNFGA register field - # bank address bits. DR,DR4T,DR4F Device address field and packet framing fields in ROW and ROWE packets. broadcast An operation executed by all RDRAMs. dualoct 16 bytes – the smallest addressable datum. BR Bank address field in ROW packets. DX Device address field in COLX packet. bubble Idle cycle(s) on RDRAM pins needed because of a resource constraint. field A collection of bits in a packet. INIT Control register with initialization fields. BYT CNFGB register field – 9 bits per byte. initialization BX Bank address field in COLX packet. Configuring a Channel of RDRAMs so they are ready to respond to transactions. C Column address field in COLC packet. LSR CNFGA register field – low-power self-refresh. CAL Calibrate (IOL) command in XOP field. M Mask opcode field (COLM/COLX packet). CBIT CNFGB register field - # column address bits. MA Field in COLM packet for masking byte A. CCA Control register – current control A. MB Field in COLM packet for masking byte B. CCB Control register – current control B. MSK Mask command in M field. CFM,CFMN Clock pins for receiving packets. MVER Control register – manufacturer ID. Channel ROW / COL / DQ pins and external wires. NAP Power state – needs SCK/CMD wakeup. CLRR Clear reset command from SOP field. NAPR Nap command in ROP field. CMD CMOS pins for initialization / power control. NAPRC Conditional nap command in ROP field. CNFGA Control register with configuration fields. NAPXA NAPX register field – NAP exit delay A. CNFGB Control register with configuration fields. NAPXB NAPX register field – NAP exit delay B. COL Pins for column-access control. NOCOP No-operation command in COP field. COLC Column operation packet on COL pins. NOROP No-operation command in ROP field. COLM Write mask packet on COL pins. NOXOP No-operation command in XOP field. column Rows in a bank or activated in sense amps have 2CBTI dualocts column storage. NSR INIT register field – NAP self-refresh. packet A collection of bits carried on the Channel. Command A decoded bit-combination from a field. PDN Power state – needs SCK/CMD wakeup. COLX Extended operation packet on COL pins. PDNR Powerdown command in ROP field. controller A logic-device which drives the ROW / COL / DQ wires for a Channel of RDRAMs. PDNXA Control register – PDN exit delay A. PDNXB Control register – PDN exit delay B. COP Column opcode field in COLC packet. pin efficiency The fraction of non-idle cycles on a pin. core The banks and sense amps of an RDRAM. PRE PREC, PRER, PREX precharge commands. CTM, CTMN Clock pins for transmitting packets. PREC Precharge command in COP field. Current control Periodic operations to update the proper IOL Value of RSL output drivers. precharge Prepares sense amp and bank for activate. PRER Precharge command in ROP field. 74 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 PREX Precharge command in XOP field. SETF Set fast clock command from SOP field. PSX INIT register field – PDN/NAP exit. SETR Set reset command from SOP field. SINT Serial interval packet for control register read/write transactions. PSR INIT register field – PDN self-refresh. PVER CNFGB register field – protocol version. Q Read data packet on DQ pins. SIO0,SIO1 CMOS serial pins for control registers. R Row address field of ROWA packet. SOP Serial opcode field in SRQ. RBIT CNFGB register field - #row address bits. SRD Serial read opcode command from SOP. RD/RDA Read (/precharge) command in COP field. SRP INIT register field – Serial repeat bit. read Operation of accessing sense amp data. SRQ receive Moving information from the Channel into the RDRAM (a serial stream is demuxed). Serial request packet for control register read/write transactions. STBY Power state – ready for ROW packets. REFA Refresh-activate command in ROP field. SVER Control register – stepping version. REFB Control register – next bank (self-refresh). SWR Serial write opcode command from SOP. REFBIT CNFGA register field – ignore bank bits (for REFA and self-refresh). TCAS TCLSCAS register field – tCAS core delay. TCLS TCLSCAS register field – tCLS core delay. REFP Refresh-precharge command in ROP field. TCLSCAS Control register – tCAS and tCLS delay. REFR Control register – next row for REFA. TCYCLE Control register – tCYCLE delay. refresh Periodic operations to restore storage cells. TDAT Control register – tDAC delay. retire The automatic operation that stores write buffer into sense amp after WR command. TEST77 Control register – for test purposes. TEST78 Control register – for test purposes. RLX RLXC, RLXR, RLXX relax commands. TRDLY Control register – tRDLY delay. RLXC Relax command in COP field. transaction ROW, COL, DQ packets for memory access. RLXR Relax command in ROP field. transmit RLXX Relax command in XOP field. Moving information from the RDRAM onto the Channel (parallel word is muxed). ROP Row-opcode field in ROWR packet. WR/WRA Write (/precharge) command in COP field. row 2CBIT dualocts of cells (bank/sense amp). write Operation of modifying sense amp data. ROW Pins for row-access control XOP Extended opcode field in COLX packet. ROW ROWA or ROWR packets on ROW pins. ROWA Activate packet on ROW pins. ROWR Row operation packet on ROW pins. RQ Alternate name for ROW/COL pins. RSL Rambus Signal levels. SAM Sample (IOL) command in XOP field. SA Serial address packet for control register transactions w/ SA address field. SBC Serial broadcast field in SRQ. SCK CMOS clock pin. SD Serial data packet for control register transactions w/ SD data field. SDEV Serial device address in SRQ packet. SDEVID INIT register field – Serial device ID. self-refresh Refresh mode for PDN and NAP. sense amp Fast storage that holds copy of bank’s row. Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 75 µPD488588FF-C80-40 42. Package Drawing 80-ball FBGA (µ BGA) (17.16 × 10.2) E w S B INDEX MARK D w y1 S A A S A1 S y S b φ x M S A B eE SE ITEM ZE1 B ZE2 ZD U T S R P N M L K J H G F E D C B A eD A 17.16±0.10 E 10.2±0.1 w 0.2 A 0.96±0.10 A1 eD 0.40±0.05 0.8 eE b 0.8 0.50±0.05 x SD 1 34 7 8 10 MILLIMETERS D 0.08 y 0.1 y1 0.2 SD 0.4 SE ZD 1.2 1.78 ZE1 1.1 ZE2 1.9 ECA-TS2-0051-02 76 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 43. Recommended Soldering Conditions Please consult our sales office for soldering conditions of the µPD488588. Type of Surface Mount Device µ PD488588FF-DH1 : 80-ball FBGA (µ BGA) (17.16 × 10.2) Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) 77 µPD488588FF-C80-40 NOTES FOR CMOS DEVICES 1 PRECAUTION AGAINST ESD FOR MOS DEVICES Exposing the MOS devices to a strong electric field can cause destruction of the gate oxide and ultimately degrade the MOS devices operation. Steps must be taken to stop generation of static electricity as much as possible, and quickly dissipate it, when once it has occurred. Environmental control must be adequate. When it is dry, humidifier should be used. It is recommended to avoid using insulators that easily build static electricity. MOS devices must be stored and transported in an anti-static container, static shielding bag or conductive material. All test and measurement tools including work bench and floor should be grounded. The operator should be grounded using wrist strap. MOS devices must not be touched with bare hands. Similar precautions need to be taken for PW boards with semiconductor MOS devices on it. 2 HANDLING OF UNUSED INPUT PINS FOR CMOS DEVICES No connection for CMOS devices input pins can be a cause of malfunction. If no connection is provided to the input pins, it is possible that an internal input level may be generated due to noise, etc., hence causing malfunction. CMOS devices behave differently than Bipolar or NMOS devices. Input levels of CMOS devices must be fixed high or low by using a pull-up or pull-down circuitry. Each unused pin should be connected to VDD or GND with a resistor, if it is considered to have a possibility of being an output pin. The unused pins must be handled in accordance with the related specifications. 3 STATUS BEFORE INITIALIZATION OF MOS DEVICES Power-on does not necessarily define initial status of MOS devices. Production process of MOS does not define the initial operation status of the device. Immediately after the power source is turned ON, the MOS devices with reset function have not yet been initialized. Hence, power-on does not guarantee output pin levels, I/O settings or contents of registers. MOS devices are not initialized until the reset signal is received. Reset operation must be executed immediately after power-on for MOS devices having reset function. CME0107 78 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0) µPD488588FF-C80-40 Rambus, RDRAM and the Rambus logo are registered trademarks of Rambus Inc. µBGA is a registered trademark of Tessera, Inc. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Before using this document, confirm that this is the latest version. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Elpida Memory, Inc. Elpida Memory, Inc. does not assume any liability for infringement of any intellectual property rights (including but not limited to patents, copyrights, and circuit layout licenses) of Elpida Memory, Inc. or third parties by or arising from the use of the products or information listed in this document. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Elpida Memory, Inc. or others. Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative purposes in semiconductor product operation and application examples. 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[Product usage] Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges and conditions guaranteed by Elpida Memory, Inc., including the maximum ratings, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other related characteristics. Elpida Memory, Inc. bears no responsibility for failure or damage when the product is used beyond the guaranteed ranges and conditions. Even within the guaranteed ranges and conditions, consider normally foreseeable failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as fail-safes, so that the equipment incorporating Elpida Memory, Inc. products does not cause bodily injury, fire or other consequential damage due to the operation of the Elpida Memory, Inc. product. [Usage environment] This product is not designed to be resistant to electromagnetic waves or radiation. This product must be used in a non-condensing environment. If you export the products or technology described in this document that are controlled by the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan, you must follow the necessary procedures in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of Japan. Also, if you export products/technology controlled by U.S. export control regulations, or another country's export control laws or regulations, you must follow the necessary procedures in accordance with such laws or regulations. If these products/technology are sold, leased, or transferred to a third party, or a third party is granted license to use these products, that third party must be made aware that they are responsible for compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. M01E0107 Data Sheet E0251N20 (Ver. 2.0)