TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder Features Functional Block Diagram Top View RX2 GND GND TX2 16 15 14 13 Pin 1 N/C 1 12 Logic V2 ANT 2 11 Logic V1 N/C 3 10 Vdd N/C 4 2.5 +/- 0.1 mm 9 5 6 7 8 RX1 GND GND TX1 Logic GND 2.5 +/- 0.1 mm Product Description Ì®·Ï«·²¬Ž- ÌÏÐìÓìðïð ·- ¿ ¸·¹¸ °±©»® ¿²¬»²²¿ -©·¬½¸ ·² ¿ -·²¹´» °±´» º±«® ¬¸®±© øÍÐìÌ÷ ½±²º·¹«®¿¬·±²ò ̸» ¼·» «¬·´·¦»- Ì®·Ï«·²¬Ž- ÛñÜóÐØÛÓÌ ÓÓ×Ý -©·¬½¸ °®±½»-¬± °®±ª·¼» ±°¬·³·¦»¼ ¸¿®³±²·½ °»®º±®³¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¾«·´¬ó·² îó´·²» ´±¹·½ ¼»½±¼»® º±® «-» ·² ÙÍÓóÛÜÙÛ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²-ò ÐØÛÓÌ Í©·¬½¸»- ¿®» ¿ ª»®§ ´±© ÜÝ ½«®®»²¬ ®»°´¿½»³»²¬ º±® ½´¿--·½ Ð×Ò ¼·±¼» ¾¿-»¼ -©·¬½¸»-ò ̸·- °®±¼«½¬ ·- ·¼»¿´´§ -«·¬»¼ ¬± ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²- ©¸»®» ¬¸» ¿²¬»²²¿ ±º ¿ ÙÍÓóÛÜÙÛ ¸¿²¼-»¬ ·- ¬± ¾» ®±«¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ψ ±® ̨ °¿¬¸ô ®»¯«·®·²¹ ±²´§ î ´±¹·½ ½±²¬®±´ ´·²»-ò ̸» ͳ¿´´ Ô±© ײ¬»¹®¿¬»¼ Ó±´¼»¼ øÍÔ×Ó÷ °¿½µ¿¹» ·- ·¼»¿´ º±® ¸»·¹¸¬ ½®·¬·½¿´ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²-ò ̸» ¼»-·¹² ·- ¿-§³³»¬®·½ ¾»¬©»»² ̨ ¿²¼ Ψ °¿¬¸-ò Û¿½¸ °¿¬¸ ·- ¾®±¿¼¾¿²¼ ¿´´±©·²¹ ¬¸» «-»® ¬± ¿--·¹² ÙÍÓèëðñçðð ±® ÜÝÍñÐÝÍ ¬± »·¬¸»® ±º ¬¸» ̨ ±® Ψ °±®¬- ¿- ¼»-·®»¼ò Electrical Specifications1 п®¿³»¬»® ÙÍÓèëðñçðð ̨ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- Ó·² Applications ÙÍÓóÛÜÙÛ ß²¬»²²¿ Í©·¬½¸ Ó±¼«´»- øßÍÓ÷ ¿²¼ Ú®±²¬óÛ²¼ Ó±¼«´»- øÚÛÓ÷ò Package Style ÍÔ×Óóïé îòë ¨ îòë ¨ ðòê³³ п½µ¿¹»æ ̧° ðòëì Ó¿¨ ðòêë ˲·¬¼Þ ÜÝÍñÐÝÍ Ì¨ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- ðòêí ðòéë ¼Þ ÙÍÓèëðñçðð Ψ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- ðòìç ðòêë ¼Þ ðòêð ðòèð ¼Þ ÜÝÍñÐÝÍ Î¨ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- °ØÛÓÌ Ù¿ß- ÓÓ×Ý Ü·» ײ¬»¹®¿¬»¼ Ô±¹·½ Ü»½±¼»® ©·¬¸ î ݱ²¬®±´ Ô·²»Û¨½»´´»²¬ Ø¿®³±²·½ л®º±®³¿²½» îØæ óéè ¼Þ½ ̧° à ÙÍÓèëðñçððô õíë ¼Þ³ îØæ óéë ¼Þ½ à ÜÝÍñÐÝÍô õíí ¼Þ³ íØæ óéî ¼Þ½ ̧° à ÙÍÓèëðñçððô õíë ¼Þ³ íØæ óéí ¼Þ½ à ÜÝÍñÐÝÍô õíí ¼Þ³ Û¨½»´´»²¬ ÛÍÜ Î¿¬·²¹æ îëðÊ ØÞÓô éëðÊ ÝÜÓ Ô±© ݱ²¬®±´ Ü»½±¼»® Ý«®®»²¬æ ïïð ß ¬§° ¿¬ ʼ¼ ã õîòéÊ «²¼»® ÌÈ ÎÚ Ü®·ª» éë ß ¬§° ¿¬ ʼ¼ ã õîòéÊ ·² Ψ -¬¿¬» Ø·¹¸ ×-±´¿¬·±²æ íí¼Þ ¬§° ÍÔ×Óóïé п½µ¿¹» ͳ¿´´ Ú±±¬°®·²¬ îòë ¨ îòë ³³ Ê»®§ Ô±© Ю±º·´»æ ðòê³³ ³¿¨ ¸»·¹¸¬ Ψ ¬± Ψ ×-±´¿¬·±²ô Ψ ±² íð íí ¼Þ Ì¨ ¬± Ψ ×-±´¿¬·±²ô ̨ ±² íð íî ¼Þ Ì¨ ¬± ̨ ·-±´¿¬·±²ô ̨ ±² íð íì ¼Þ Î»¬«®² Ô±-- ïè îë ¼Þ Ò±¬» ï æ Ì»-¬ ݱ²¼·¬·±²- Ʊ ã ë𠱸³-æ ʼ¼ãõîòéÊôô ̽ãîëpÝò Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 2 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder ß¾-±´«¬» Ó¿¨·³«³ ο¬·²¹Í§³¾±´ Ð×Ò Ó¿¨ п®¿³»¬»® ß¾-±´«¬» Ó¿¨·³«³ Ê¿´«» ˲·¬- õíé ¼Þ³ óðòë ¬± õ êòð Ê Ó¿¨·³«³ ײ°«¬ б©»® ʼ¼ Í«°°´§ ʱ´¬¿¹» ÌÝ Ý¿-» Ì»³°»®¿¬«®»ô Í«®ª·ª¿´ óì𠬱 õèë pÝ Í¬±®¿¹» Ì»³°»®¿¬«®» óì𠬱 õïëð pÝ ÌÍÌÙ Ò±¬»æ ̸» °¿®¬ ³¿§ ²±¬ -«®ª·ª» ¿´´ ³¿¨·³«³- ¿°°´·»¼ -·³«´¬¿²»±«-´§ò Û´»½¬®·½¿´ ݸ¿®¿½¬»®·-¬·½-ïôî Parameter Test Conditions Units Min Typ Max ̨ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- ÙÍÓèëðñçðð ¼Þ ðòëì ðòêë ̨ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- ÜÝÍñÐÝÍ ¼Þ ðòêí ðòéë Ψ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- ÙÍÓèëðñçðð ¼Þ ðòìç ðòêë Ψ ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- ÜÝÍñÐÝÍ ¼Þ ðòêð ðòèð Ψ ¬± Ψ ×-±´¿¬·±² ß´´ ¾¿²¼-ô ÎÈï ±® ÎÈî ±²ò ¼Þ íð íí ̨ ¬± Ψ ×-±´¿¬·±² ß´´ ¾¿²¼-ô ÌÈï ±® ÌÈî ±²ò ¼Þ íð íî ̨ ¬± ̨ ·-±´¿¬·±² ß´´ ¾¿²¼-ô ÌÈï ±® ÌÈî ±²ò ¼Þ íð íì 묫®² Ô±-- ß´´ ¾¿²¼- ¼Þ ïè îë Ððòï¼Þ ÌÈï ±® ÌÈî °¿¬¸ô ÙÍÓèëðñçðð ¼Þ³ íêòë íè Ððòï¼Þ ÌÈï ±® ÌÈî °¿¬¸ô ÜÝÍñÐÝÍ ¼Þ³ íêòë íè î²¼ Ø¿®³±²·½ ÙÍÓèëðñçððå à õíë ¼Þ³ ·²°«¬ ¼Þ½ óéð óéè î²¼ Ø¿®³±²·½ ÜÝÍñÐÝÍå à õíí ¼Þ³ ·²°«¬ ¼Þ½ óéð óéë í®¼ Ø¿®³±²·½ ÙÍÓèëðñçððå à õíë ¼Þ³ ·²°«¬ ¼Þ½ óéð óéî í®¼ Ø¿®³±²·½ ÜÝÍñÐÝÍå à õíí ¼Þ³ ·²°«¬ ¼Þ½ óéð óéí ʼ¼ Ô±¹·½ Í«°°´§ Ý«®®»²¬ ÌÈï ±® ÌÈî ±²ô «²¼»® ̨ ¼®·ª» °±©»® õíë¼Þ³ ÙÍÓèëðñçðð ±® õíí¼Þ³ ÜÝÍñÐÝÍô ʼ¼ ã õîòéÊ ß ïïð ïéð ʼ¼ Ô±¹·½ Í«°°´§ Ý«®®»²¬ ß´´ °¿¬¸-ô ²± ̨ ¼®·ª» °±©»® ·² ÌÈï ±® ÌÈî °¿¬¸ô ʼ¼ ã õîòéÊ ß éë ïïð Ì®·-»ô ̺¿´´ ïðû ¬± çðû ÎÚ ô çðû ¬± ïðû ÎÚ Í ï ̱² ô ̱ºº ëðû ½±²¬®±´ ¬± çðû ÎÚô ¿²¼ ëðû ½±²¬®±´ ¬± ïðû ÎÚ Í ï Ò±¬» ïæ Û¨¬»®²¿´ ÜÝ Þ´±½µ·²¹ ½¿°¿½·¬±®- ¿®» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¿¬ ¿´´ ÎÚ °±®¬-ò Ò±¬» îæ Ì»-¬ ݱ²¼·¬·±²- Ʊ ã ë𠱸³-æ ʼ¼ ã õîòéÊô ̽ãîëpÝò Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 3 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder ß°°´·½¿¬·±² Û¨¿³°´»- Dual Band Antenna Switch Module Antenna LPF PA E-GSM TX LPF PA DCS TX SAW LNA SAW LNA E-GSM RX SP4T SWITCH DCS RX TQP4M4010 Integrated Logic Decoder Vdd V1 V2 Quad Band Antenna Switch Module Antenna LPF PA E-GSM / U-GSM TX LPF PA DCS / PCS TX LNA U-GSM RX SP4T SWITCH LNA PCS RX TQP4M4010 Vdd Integrated Logic Decoder LNA E-GSM RX LNA DCS RX V1 V2 Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 4 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder Ì®«¬¸ Ì¿¾´» ïôîôíôìô V1 V2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 з² Ü»-½®·°¬·±²-æ ANTRX1 On Off Off Off ANTRX2 Off On Off Off ANTTX1 Off Off On Off ANTTX2 Off Off Off On Ò±¬» ïæ Ô±¹·½ Í«°°´§ ʼ¼ ãõîòéÊ ²±³·²¿´å ±°»®¿¬·²¹ Ô·³·¬- ʼ¼ ãõîòëÊ ¬± õëòðÊ Ò±¬» îæ Ô±¹·½ Ø·¹¸ ͬ¿¬» Êïô Êî ã îòëÊ ²±³·²¿´å ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ´·³·¬- õïòéëÊ ¬± õëòðÊ Ò±¬» íæ Ô±¹·½ Ô±© ͬ¿¬» Êïô Êî ã ðòîÊ ²±³·²¿´å ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ´·³·¬- ðÊ ¬± õðòéëÊ Ò±¬» ìæ ʼ¼ ³«-¬ ¾» ¬«®²»¼ ±² ¿²¼ Êïô Êî ·² ¬¸» ÌÈ -¬¿¬» ¾»º±®» ¿°°´§·²¹ ̨ °±©»®å ̨ °±©»® -¸±«´¼ ¾» ±ºº ¾»º±®» ®»³±ª·²¹ ʼ¼ò Pad Number Pad Name Description 1 N/C No Connection 2 ANT ANTENNA 3 N/C No Connection 4 N/C No Connection 5 RX1 RX Port 1 6 GND Ground 7 GND Ground 8 TX1 TX port 1 9 Logic GND Logic Ground 10 Vdd Decoder Supply 11 V1 Logic Bit V1 Input 12 V2 Logic Bit V1 Input 13 TX2 TX Port 2 14 GND Ground 15 GND Ground 16 RX2 RX Port 2 Typical Performance Test Conditions (Unless Otherwise Specified): Zo = 50 ohms: Vdd = 2.7V, Tc=25°C ײ-»®¬·±² Ô±-- ¿²¼ Ó¿¬½¸ Insertion Loss and Match TX1 & TX2 to o Antenna (Vdd=2.7V T= 25 C) -0.4 10 -0.5 5 -0.6 0 -0.7 -5 -0.8 -10 -0.9 -15 -1.0 -20 -1.1 -25 -1.2 -30 -1.3 -35 -1.4 -40 0.5 1.0 1.5 Frequency (GHz) 2.0 Insertion Loss and Match RX1 & RX2 to o Antenna (Vdd=2.7V T=25 C) -0.4 10 -0.5 5 -0.6 0 -0.7 -5 -0.8 -10 -0.9 -15 -1.0 -20 -1.1 -25 -1.2 -30 -1.3 -35 -1.4 -40 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Frequency (GHz) Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 5 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder ×-±´¿¬·±² o o RX to RX Isolation (Vdd=2.7v T=25 C) TX to RX Isolation (Vdd=2.7v T=25 C) -25 -25 -30 -30 -35 -35 -40 -40 -45 -45 -50 -50 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 Frequency (GHz) 1.5 2.0 Frequency (GHz) o TX to TX Isolation (Vdd=2.7V T=25 C) -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Frequency (GHz) Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 6 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder Ø¿®³±²·½Harmonics TX1 & TX2 (Vdd=2.7V F=836.5MHz) Harmonics TX1 & TX2 (Vdd=2.7V F=897.5MHz) 100 90 100 95 85 95 90 80 90 80 85 75 85 75 80 70 80 70 75 65 75 H3 H2 70 60 70 65 55 65 60 50 60 90 H3 65 H2 60 55 50 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Input Power (dBm) Input Power (dBm) Harmonics TX1 & TX2 (Vdd=2.7V F=1747.5MHz) 85 Harmonics TX1 & TX2 (Vdd=2.7V F=1880MHz) 110 100 110 100 105 95 105 95 100 90 100 85 95 90 80 90 85 75 85 80 70 80 70 75 65 75 65 60 70 H3 95 H2 70 H3 85 80 H2 75 60 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Input Power (dBm) Input Power (dBm) Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 90 7 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder Ü»½±¼»® Ý«®®»²¬ Decoder Supply Current Versus RF Power TX1 and TX2 (Vdd=2.7V F=1747.5MHz) 140 130 120 Decoder Supply Current Versus RF Power TX1 & TX2 (Vdd=2.7V F=836.5MHz) 140 130 120 110 110 100 90 80 100 90 80 70 60 50 70 60 50 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Input Power (dBm) Input Power (dBm) ̧°·½¿´ Ì»-¬ Ý·®½«·¬ ANT connector RX1 connector RX2 connector TX1 connector TX2 connector DC connector Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 8 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder ß°°´·½¿¬·±² Þ±¿®¼ Ý¿°¿½·¬±®- ¿²¼ Ô±½¿¬·±²-æ п½µ¿¹» ݱ²º·¹«®¿¬·±² ±² Þ±¿®¼æ NC NC ANT NC Reference lead 100pF caps 100pF caps RX1 RX2 GND GND GND GND TX1 TX2 Lgnd Vdd V1 V2 Signal Frequency RF Decoupling Capacitor is built into the switch die on the Vdd line. External low frequency decoupling capacitors can be added externally on the Vdd, V1, and V2 lines if required. Applications information; tuning procedures; board layout precautions λ½±³³»²¼»¼ ÐÝÞ Ú±±¬°®·²¬æ PCB Layout: Leads are to extend away from the pads – these should be the same shape and size to ensure equal solder coverage. Center pad is to be the same size as the package center pad. Solder mask: The solder mask opening should be offset from the package edges by 250um. Solder stencil: Solder stencil openings for pads are to be same size as package pads. Center pad opening is about 30% of PCB pad size. Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 9 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder ß°°´·½¿¬·±² Þ±¿®¼ Ô±-- Ü»óÛ³¾»¼¼·²¹ Ý«®ª»æ TQP4M4010 Rogers 4003 Evaluation Board Loss 0.00 RX & TX Ports ANT Port -0.05 -0.10 RX to ANT Loss -0.15 -0.20 TX to ANT Loss -0.25 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Frequency (GHz) ﮬ Ó¿®µ·²¹ ײº±®³¿¬·±²æ Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 10 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder Ì¿°» ¿²¼ λ»´ ײº±®³¿¬·±²æ Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 11 TQP4M4010 Preliminary Data Sheet SP4T High Power GSM-EDGE Antenna Switch With Decoder п½µ¿¹·²¹ ¿²¼ Ñ®¼»®·²¹ ײº±®³¿¬·±² SLIM-17 Package Outline Package Paddle Should be Grounded For Best Performance Additional Information 1T ï Ú±® ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ °®±¼«½¬ ·²º±®³¿¬·±²ô ©±®´¼©·¼» -¿´»- ¿²¼ ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±² ´±½¿¬·±²-ô ¿²¼ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿¾±«¬ Ì®·Ï«·²¬æ É»¾æ Ø©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³Ø Ì»´æ øëðí÷ êïëóçððð Û³¿·´æ ·²º±Á©·®»´»--ଯ-ò½±³ Ú¿¨æ øëðí÷ êïëóèçðî Ú±® ¬»½¸²·½¿´ ¯«»-¬·±²- ¿²¼ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ±² -°»½·º·½ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²-æ Û³¿·´æ ·²º±Á©·®»´»--ଯ-ò½±³ ̸» ·²º±®³¿¬·±² °®±ª·¼»¼ ¸»®»·² ·- ¾»´·»ª»¼ ¬± ¾» ®»´·¿¾´»å Ì®·Ï«·²¬ ¿--«³»- ²± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ º±® ·²¿½½«®¿½·»- ±® ±³·--·±²-ò Ì®·Ï«·²¬ ¿--«³»- ²± ®»-°±²-·¾·´·¬§ º±® ¬¸» «-» ±º ¬¸··²º±®³¿¬·±²ô ¿²¼ ¿´´ -«½¸ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² -¸¿´´ ¾» »²¬·®»´§ ¿¬ ¬¸» «-»®ù- ±©² ®·-µò Ю·½»- ¿²¼ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²- ¿®» -«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½»ò Ò± °¿¬»²¬ ®·¹¸¬- ±® ´·½»²-»- ¬± ¿²§ ±º ¬¸» ½·®½«·¬- ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ¸»®»·² ¿®» ·³°´·»¼ ±® ¹®¿²¬»¼ ¬± ¿²§ ¬¸·®¼ °¿®¬§ò Ì®·Ï«·²¬ ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿«¬¸±®·¦» ±® ©¿®®¿²¬ ¿²§ Ì®·Ï«·²¬ °®±¼«½¬ º±® «-» ·² ´·º»ó-«°°±®¬ ¼»ª·½»- ¿²¼ñ±® -§-¬»³-ò ݱ°§®·¹¸¬ w îððë Ì®·Ï«·²¬ Í»³·½±²¼«½¬±®ô ײ½ò ß´´ ®·¹¸¬- ®»-»®ª»¼ò Ü¿¬¿ ͸»»¬æ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ²±¬·½» Ú±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ´¿¬»-¬ -°»½·º·½¿¬·±²-ô -»» ±«® ©»¾-·¬»æ ©©©ò¬®·¯«·²¬ò½±³ λª·-·±² Þô Ö¿²«¿®§ ïìô îððë 12