PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) June 26, 2003 Ver. 2 ! Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " APPLICATIONS ! Ceramic Capacitors Compatible # Power Supply for LCD ! Input Voltage Range: 0.9V~10.0V # PDAs ! Oscillation Frequency: 300kHz, 100kHz (±15%) # Cellular Phones ! PWM Control (XC9106) # Palmtop Computers # Portable Audio Systems PWM/PFM Automatic Switching Control (XC9107) ! SOT-25 / USP-6B Packages # Various Multi-function Power Supplies " GENERAL DESCRIPTION " FEATURES The XC9106 / 07 series are step-up DC/DC controller ICs with an externally applied reference voltage (Vref). Output voltage will be set with external resistors (RFB1 and 2) and Vref value. The series make it easy to control output voltage externally and are suited to software applications that need to vary voltage, such as LCD power supply for PDA. Output will be stable no matter which load capacitors are used but if a low ESR capacitor is used, RSENSE of about 0.1Ω will be required and phase compensation will be achieved. This makes the use of ceramic capacitors much easier, and allows for lower output ripple and reduced PCB area requirements. Tantalum and electrolytic capacitors can also be used, in which case, RSENSE becomes unnecessary. Oscillation frequencies of high clock, low ripple 300kHz and low supply current 100kHz are available. The XC9107 series are PWM/PFM automatic switching controlled. Control switches from PWM to PFM during light loads with the XC9107 and the series is highly efficient from light loads to large output currents. By bringing the whole circuit down while the series is in the stand-by mode (CE/PWM pin : low), supply current can be reduced to less than 1.0µA. Input Voltage Range: 0.9V ~ 10.0V Power Supply Voltage Range: 1.8V ~ 10.0V and more than Vref+0.7V VREF Input Range: 0.8V ~ 2.5V (±2.0%) Output Voltage: Vref x external split resistor ratio VOUT=Vref x (RFB1+RFB2)/RFB2 Oscillation Frequency: 300kHz, 100kHz ±15% Output Current: more than 30mA (VIN=3.3V, VOUT=20V, when peripheral components are used as in the circuits below .) Controls: PWM (XC9106) PWM/PFM auto-switching (XC9107) High Efficiency: 85% (TYP.) Stand-by Current: ISTB=1.0µA (MAX.) Load Capacitors: Low ESR capacitors compatible Packages: SOT-25, USP-6B " TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT " TYPICAL APPLICATION PERFORMANCE XC9107D003MR 30 25 L : 10µH VOUT (V) RSENSE : 100m Ω for Ceramic CL SD : MA737 * CFB : 27pF VOUT = 8V~25V RFB1 : IOUT = 30mA 270k Ω Circuit as left VDD=VIN=3.3V, IOUT=30mA RFB2 : 30k Ω 20 15 10 5 0 CIN Ceramic CL : 10µF 1 5 2 3 CE/Vref VIN = 3.3V 0.0 Nch Power MOS FET 2SK2159 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Vref (V) XC9107D003MR 30 4 2.5 3.0 Circuit as left VDD=VIN=3.3V 25 0.8V~2.5V D/A converter VOUT (V) 2.5V * RSENSE is of no use in light load (uncontinuous mode) applications such as a small LCD, even using ceramic capacitor. 20 2.0V 15 1.5V 10 Vref=0.8V 5 0 0.1 1 1 10 100 IOUT (mA) 1000 Semiconductor Ltd. PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " PIN CONFIGURATION " PIN ASSIGNMENT PIN NUMBER SOT-25 USP-6B 5 1 4 2 1 6 2 5 3 4 3 USP-6B (TOP VIEW) SOT-25 (TOP VIEW) PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 6 FB Output Resistor Connection 2 2 VDD Supply Voltage 3 4 CE/ Vref Serves as both Chip Enable pin and Reference Voltage Apply pin. 4 3 GND Ground 5 1 EXT External Transistor Connection - 5 NC No Connection " ORDERING INFORMATION XC9106D12345 XC9107D12345 XC9107 Series: PWM/PFM automatic switching control XC9106 Series: PWM Control Reference Voltage (apply external) Fixed : 00 12 3 (Ordering information is the same as XC9106 Series) 3 Oscillation Frequency: 1 4 M 5 R 300kHz 100kHz Package: D SOT-25 (1 reel = 3000 pcs.) USP-6B (1 reel = 3000 pcs.) Embossed Tape: L Standard Feed Reverse Feed " PACKAGING INFORMATION $ SOT-25 (SOT-23-5) $ USP-6B 2.0 + 0.15 (0.45) 0.5+0.1 3 5 4 O 45 (0.27) 2 A’ 45 O 6 (0.27) ( 1.8+0.15 1 AAA AAA 0.45) 1 A (0.27) φ (0.05) (0.45) (0.45) O +0.01 (0.05) -0.005 0.005+0.002 45 (0.65)+0.15 -0.05 (0.125) 45 O 1 6 1 1 1.0+0.1 0.25+0.1 2 1 . 0.5+0.1 0.5+0.1 5 1 1.6+0.15 4 2 00.1+0.03 3 1 0.2+0.05 5-0.2+0.05 0.7+0.03 0.25+0.1 Semiconductor Ltd. PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " BLOCK DIAGRAM Current Ripple Detect and FB FB Phase Compensation VDD PWM Comparator Error Amp. Vref with Soft Start, CE Buffer, Driver EXT Ramp Wave Generator, OSC PWM/PFM Controller GND CE / Vref FB, CE : CMOS INPUT EXT : CMOS OUTPUT " ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Ta = 25OC PARAMETER SYMBOL RATINGS UNITS VDD pin Voltage VDD -0.3 ~ 12.0 V FB pin Voltage VFB -0.3 ~ 12.0 V CE / Vref pin Voltage VCE / Vref -0.3 ~ 12.0 V EXT pin Voltage VEXT -0.3 ~ VDD + 0.3 V EXT pin Current IEXT/ ±100 mA Power Dissipation Pd SOT-25 150 USP-6B 100 mW Operating Ambient Temperature Topr -40 ~ +85 O C Storage Temperature Tstg -55 ~ +125 O C 3 Semiconductor Ltd. PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS XC9106D001MR, XC9107D001MR *1 *1 Ta=25OC (FOSC=100 (kHz) PARAMETER SYMBOL Output Voltage VOUT Reference Voltage Range Vref CONDITIONS UNITS CIRCUIT MIN. TYP. MAX. Vref = 0.9V 8.820 9.000 9.180 V 2.5 V 1 - Vref = 0.9V 0.784 0.800 0.816 Vref = 0.9V 0.882 0.900 0.918 V 4 Vref = 2.5V 2.450 2.500 2.550 10.0 V 0.9 V 3 0.8 V 4 0.8 FB Control Voltage VFB Power Supply Voltage Range VDD VDD as shown right or (Vref applied voltage+0.7V) Operation Start Voltage VST1 Recommended Circuit using 2SD1628, IOUT=1.0mA Oscillation Start Voltage VST2 1.8 No external connections CE/Vref=0.9V, Voltage applied, FB=0V 24 Ω 3 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 1 5 5 4 4 Same as IDD2, CE=0.8V -1.0 0.0 µA 5 Same as IDD2, CE=2.5V 0.0 2.5 5 5 5 Operation Holding Voltage VHLD Recommended Circuit using 2SD1628, IOUT=1.0mA 0.7 V Supply Current 1 IDD1 Same as VST2, VDD=3.300V 29 41 µA Supply Current 2 IDD2 Same as IDD1, FB=1.2V 14 19 µA 1.0 µA 85 100 115 KHz 75 81 87 % 20 28 36 Stand-by Current ISTB Same as IDD1, CE/Vref=0V Oscillation Frequency FOSC Same as IDD1 Maximum Duty Ratio MAXDTY Same as IDD1 PFM Duty Ratio PFMDTY No Load Efficiency EFFI Recommended Circuit using XP161A1355 Soft-start Time TSS Vref=0.9V 5.0 CE "High" Voltage VCEH Same as IDD1 0.65 CE "Low" Voltage VCEL Same as IDD1 EXT "High" ON Resistance REXTH Same as IDD1, VEXT=VOUT-0.4V EXT "Low" ON Resistance REXTL Same as IDD1, VEXT=0.4V CE "High" Current ICEH (XC9106 series) 85 10.0 % % 20.0 mS V 24 16 0.20 V 36 Ω CE "Low" Current ICEL Same as IDD2, CE=0V -0.1 µA FB "High" Current IFBH Same as IDD2, FB=VDD 0.1 µA FB "Low" Current IFBL Same as IDD2, FB=1.0V -0.1 µA Test Conditions: Unless otherwise stated, CL: ceramic, recommended MOS FET should be connected. VDD = 3.30 (V) ! Vref = 0.09 (V) , VIN = 3.30 (V) ! IOUT = 50 (mA) RFB1, 2 x 10 Notes 1* : Although the IC starts step-up operations from a VDD of 0.8V, the output voltage and oscillation frequency are stabilized at VDD ≥ 1.8V or (Vref applied voltage + 0.7V). Therefore, a VDD of more than 1.8V or (Vref applied voltage + 0.7V) is recommended when VDD is supplied from VIN or other power sources. 4 Semiconductor Ltd. PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS XC9106D003MR, XC9107D003MR *1 *1 Ta=25OC (FOSC=300 (kHz) PARAMETER SYMBOL Output Voltage VOUT Reference Voltage Range Vref MIN. TYP. MAX. Vref = 0.9V CONDITIONS 8.820 9.000 9.180 V 2.5 V 1 - Vref = 0.8V 0.784 0.800 0.816 Vref = 0.9V 0.882 0.900 0.918 V 4 Vref = 2.5V 2.450 2.500 2.500 10.0 V 0.9 V 3 0.8 V 4 0.8 FB Control Voltage VFB Power Supply Voltage Range VDD VDD as shown right or (Vref applied voltage + 0.7V) Operation Start Voltage VST1 Recommended Circuit using 2SD1628, IOUT=1.0mA Oscillation Start Voltage VST2 1.8 No external connections UNITS CIRCUIT CE/Vref=0.9V, Voltage applied, FB=0V 24 Ω 3 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 1 5 5 4 4 Same as IDD2, CE=0.8V -1.0 0.0 µA 5 Same as IDD2, CE=2.5V 0.0 2.5 5 5 5 Operation Holding Voltage VHLD Recommended Circuit using 2SD1628, IOUT=1.0mA 0.7 V Supply Current 1 IDD1 Same as VST2, VDD=3.300V 62 88 µA Supply Current 2 IDD2 Same as IDD1, FB=1.2V 16 22 µA 1.0 µA 255 300 345 KHz 75 81 87 % 24 32 40 Stand-by Current ISTB Same as IDD1, CE/Vref=0V Oscillation Frequency FOSC Same as IDD1 Maximum Duty Ratio MAXDTY Same as IDD1 PFM Duty Ratio PFMDTY No Load Efficiency EFFI Recommended Circuit using XP161A1355 Soft-start Time TSS Vref=0.9V 5.0 CE "High" Voltage VCEH Same as IDD1 0.65 CE "Low" Voltage VCEL Same as IDD1 EXT "High" ON Resistance REXTH Same as IDD1, VEXT=VOUT-0.4V EXT "Low" ON Resistance REXTL Same as IDD1, VEXT=0.4V CE "High" Current ICEH (XC9106 series) 85 10.0 % % 20.0 mS V 0.20 V 36 Ω 24 16 CE "Low" Current ICEL Same as IDD2, CE=0V -0.1 µA FB "High" Current IFBH Same as IDD2, FB=VDD 0.1 µA FB "Low" Current IFBL Same as IDD2, FB=1.0V -0.1 µA Test Conditions: Unless otherwise stated, CL: ceramic, recommended MOS FET should be connected. VDD = 3.30 (V) ! Vref = 0.09 (V) , VIN = 3.30 (V) ! IOUT = 50 (mA) RFB1, 2 x 10 Notes 1* : Although the IC starts step-up operations from a VDD of 0.8V, the output voltage and oscillation frequency are stabilized at VDD ≥ 1.8V or (Vref applied voltage + 0.7V). Therefore, a VDD of more than 1.8V or (Vref applied voltage + 0.7V) is recommended when VDD is supplied from VIN or other power sources. " TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT L RSENSE VIN SD VOUT RFB1 CFB RFB2 1 CL 5 Nch Power MOS FET Rb 2 3 Cb 4 CE/Vref When obtaining VDD from a source other than VOUT, please insert a capacitor CDD between the VDD pin and the GND pin in order to provide stabler operations. Please wire CL & CIN between the VOUT/VDD pin and the GND pin. Strengthen the wiring sufficiently. When using a capacitor other than ceramic or low ESR at CL, please take away RSENSE and short. Insert Rb and CB when using a bipolar NPN Transistor. 5 Semiconductor Ltd. PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION The XC9106 / 07 series are reference voltage (Vref) apply external step-up DC/DC Controler ICs. Output voltage will be set with external resistors (RFB1 and 2) and Vref value. The series make it easy to control output voltage externally and are suited to software applications that need to vary voltage such as LCD power supply for PDA. <Error Amp.> Error Amplifier is designed to monitor the output voltage, comparing the feedback voltage (FB) with the reference voltage Vref. In response to feedback of a voltage lower than the reference voltage Vref, the output voltage of the error amp. decreases. <OSC Generator> This circuit generates the internal reference clock. <Ramp Wave Generator> The Ramp Wave Generator generates a saw-tooth waveform based on outputs from the OSC Generator. <PWM Comparator> The PWM Comparator compares outputs from the Error Amp. and saw-tooth waveform. When the voltage from the Error Amp's output is low, the external switch will be set to ON. <PWM/PFM Controler> This circuit generates PFM pulses. The PWM/PFM automatic switching mode switches between PWM and PFM automatically depending on the load. PWM/PFM control turns into PFM control when threshold voltage becomes lower than voltage of error amps. Noise is easily reduced with PWM control since the switching frequency is fixed. Because of the function, control suited to the application can easily be selected. The series suitable for noise sensitive portable audio equipment as PWM control can suppress noise during operation and PWM/PFM switching control can reduce consumption current during light loads in stand-by. <Vref 1 with Soft Start> The reference voltage of the XC9106/9107 series is adjusted and fixed by external applied voltage. (For output voltage settings, please refer to the output voltage setting on page 7.) To protect against inrush current, when the power is switched on, and also to protect against voltage overshoot, soft-start time is set internally to 10ms. It should be noted, however, that this circuit does not protect the load capacitor (CL) from inrush current. With the Vref voltage limited, and depending upon the input to error amp, the operation maintains a balance between the two inputs of error amps and controls the EXT pin's ON time so that it doesn't increase more than is necessary. The XC9106/9107 series alters soft start times by the setting value of reference voltage in order to protect against voltage overshoot and also to protect against inrush current. Please determine soft start time by the formula equation. XC9106 / XC9107D xxx MR TSS = 8.65 x Vref + 2.21 [Example Computation] 30 Soft Start Time : TSS (ms) Vref = 0.9V, TSS = 8.65 x 0.9 + 2.21 = 10.0 ms 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Reference Voltage Vref (V) <Enable Function> This function controls the operation and shutdown of the IC. When the voltage of the CE pin drops to 0.2V or less, disable mode will be entered, the IC's operations will stop and the EXT pin will be kept at a low level (the external N-type MOSFET will be OFF) . When the IC is in a state of chip disable, current consumption will be no more than 1.0µA. When the CE pin's voltage rises to 0.65V or more, enable mode will be entered and operations will recommence. The CE pin also doubles with reference voltage in the XC9106/9107 series, and the range of reference voltage can be varied externally from 0.8V to 2.5V. 6 Semiconductor Semiconductor Ltd. Ltd. PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " FUNCTIONAL SETTINGS < Output Voltage Setting> Output voltage can be set by adding external split resistors. Output voltage is determined by the following equation, based on the values of RFB1 and RFB2. The sum of RFB1 and RFB2 should normally be 2 MΩ or less. The range of reference voltage of the series can be varied externally from 0.8V to 2.5V. VOUT = Vref applied voltage x (RFB1 + RFB2) / RFB2 The value of CFB1, speed-up capacitor for phase compensation, should result in fzfb = 1/(2 π × CFB × RFB1) equal to 5 to 30kHz. Adjustments are required depending on the application, value of inductance (L), and value of load capacity (CL). fzfb = 30kHz (L=10µH) RFB1 : 270kΩ fzfb = 20kHz (L=22µH) CFB : fzfb = 10kHz (L=47µH) RFB2 : 30kΩ 20pF (fzfb = 30kHz, L = 10µH) 27pF (fzfb = 20kHz, L = 22µH) 56pF (fzfb = 10kHz, L = 47µH) < The use of ceramic capacitor CL > The circuit of the XC9106/9107 series is organized by a specialized circuit which reenacts negative feedback of both voltage and current. Also by insertion of approximately 100mΩ of a low and inexpensive sense resistor as current sense, a high degree of stability is possible even using a ceramic capacitor, a condition which used to be difficult to achieve. Compared to a tantalum condenser, because the series can be operated in a very small capacity, it is suited to use of the ceramic capacitor which is cheap and small. " RECOMMENDED COMPONENTS Tr: *When a MOSFET is used : *When a NPN Tr. Is used : 2SK2159 (NEC N-Channel Power MOSFET) Note* : With direct voltages over 4.5V, use the XP161A11A1PR. 2SD1628 (Sanyo) Rb : 500Ω (adjust with Tr's HFE or load) Cb : 2200pF (ceramic type) Cb ≤ 1 / (2π × Rb× FOSC × 0.7) SD: L, CL : MA2Q737 (Schottky Diode type, MATSUSHITA) Adjust as below according to the condition and peripheral components When Ceramic capacitor is used : L: 22µH (SUMIDA CDRH5D28, FOSC = 100kHz) 10µH (SUMIDA CDRH5D18, FOSC = 300kHz) CL : 10V 10µF (Ceramic capacitor, LMK325BJ106ML, TAIYOYUDEN) Use the formula below when step-up ratio and output current is large. CL = (CL standard value) × (IOUT(mA) / 300mA × VOUT / VIN) RSENSE : 100mΩ (FOSC = 300kHz) 50mΩ (FOSC = 100kHz) When Tantalum capacitor is used : L: 22µH (SUMIDA CDRH5D28, FOSC = 300kHz) 47µH (SUMIDA CDRH5D28, FOSC = 100kHz) Except when IOUT(mA) / 100mA × VOUT / VIN > 2 → 22µH CL: 16V 47µF (tantalum type NIPPONCHEMI 16MCE476MD2) Use the formula below when step-up ratio and output current is large. CL = (CL standard value) × (IOUT(mA) / 300mA × VOUT / VIN) RSENSE: Not required, but short out the wire. When AL Electrolytic capacitor is used : L: 22µH (SUMIDA CDRH5D28, FOSC = 300kHz) 47µH (SUMIDA CDRH5D28, FOSC = 100kHz) Except when IOUT(mA) / 100mA × VOUT / VIN > 2 → 22µH CL: 16V 100µF (AL electrolytic type) + 10V 2.2µF (ceramic type) Strengthen appropriately when step-up ratio and output current is large. RSENSE: Not required, but short out the wire. CFB: Set up so that fzfb = 100kHz. 7 Semiconductor Ltd. PWM Control, PWM/PFM Switching Control, XC9106 / 07 Series Step-up DC/DC Converters Preliminary Externally Applied Reference Voltage (Vref) " TEST CIRCUITS Circuit 1 Circuit SD 4 RP RSENSE VOUT CP L OSC A CFB RFB1 VDD EXT VIN A CL Tr OSC V FB CE CIN GND EXT RFB2 RL VDD CE A CDD FB GND Circuit 2 Circuit 5 A VDD EXT A SD RSENSE OSC CB CFB EXT VDD CIN A A RFB1 A CL Tr VIN FB E GND L A C CE V FB CE RB GND RFB2 RL Circuit 3 SD L CB A OSC CFB EXT CIN VDD RFB1 A CL Tr VIN RSENSE RB V FB CE GND RFB2 RL 8 Semiconductor Ltd.