XR-2206 ...the analog plus Monolithic Function Generator company TM June 1997-3 FEATURES APPLICATIONS Waveform Generation Low-Sine Wave Distortion, 0.5%, Typical Excellent Temperature Stability, 20ppm/°C, Typ. Sweep Generation Wide Sweep Range, 2000:1, Typical AM/FM Generation Low-Supply Sensitivity, 0.01%V, Typ. V/F Conversion Linear Amplitude Modulation FSK Generation TTL Compatible FSK Controls Phase-Locked Loops (VCO) Wide Supply Range, 10V to 26V Adjustable Duty Cycle, 1% TO 99% GENERAL DESCRIPTION The XR-2206 is a monolithic function generator integrated circuit capable of producing high quality sine, square, triangle, ramp, and pulse waveforms of high-stability and accuracy. The output waveforms can be both amplitude and frequency modulated by an external voltage. Frequency of operation can be selected externally over a range of 0.01Hz to more than 1MHz. The circuit is ideally suited for communications, instrumentation, and function generator applications requiring sinusoidal tone, AM, FM, or FSK generation. It has a typical drift specification of 20ppm/°C. The oscillator frequency can be linearly swept over a 2000:1 frequency range with an external control voltage, while maintaining low distortion. ORDERING INFORMATION Part No. Package Operating Temperature Range XR-2206M 16 Lead 300 Mil CDIP -55°C to +125°C XR-2206P 16 Lead 300 Mil PDIP –40°C to +85°C XR-2206CP 16 Lead 300 Mil PDIP 0°C to +70°C XR-2206D 16 Lead 300 Mil JEDEC SOIC 0°C to +70°C Rev. 1.03 1972 EXAR Corporation, 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 (510) 668-7000 (510) 668-7017 1 XR-2206 TC1 5 TC2 6 TR1 7 TR2 8 FSKI 9 AMSI 1 Timing Capacitor Timing Resistors VCC GND BIAS 4 12 10 11 SYNCO VCO Current Switches Multiplier And Sine Shaper WAVEA1 13 WAVEA2 14 SYMA1 15 SYMA2 16 Figure 1. XR-2206 Block Diagram Rev. 1.03 2 +1 2 STO 3 MO XR-2206 AMSI STO MO VCC TC1 TC2 TR1 TR2 1 16 2 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 11 7 10 8 9 SYMA2 SYMA1 WAVEA2 WAVEA1 GND SYNCO BIAS FSKI AMSI STO MO VCC TC1 TC2 TR1 TR2 16 Lead PDIP, CDIP (0.300”) 1 16 2 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 11 7 10 8 9 SYMA2 SYMA1 WAVEA2 WAVEA1 GND SYNCO BIAS FSKI 16 Lead SOIC (Jedec, 0.300”) PIN DESCRIPTION Pin # Symbol Type Description 1 AMSI I Amplitude Modulating Signal Input. 2 STO O Sine or Triangle Wave Output. 3 MO O Multiplier Output. 4 VCC 5 TC1 I Timing Capacitor Input. 6 TC2 I Timing Capacitor Input. 7 TR1 O Timing Resistor 1 Output. 8 TR2 O Timing Resistor 2 Output. 9 FSKI I Frequency Shift Keying Input. 10 BIAS O Internal Voltage Reference. O Sync Output. This output is a open collector and needs a pull up resistor to VCC. Positive Power Supply. 11 SYNCO 12 GND 13 WAVEA1 I Wave Form Adjust Input 1. 14 WAVEA2 I Wave Form Adjust Input 2. 15 SYMA1 I Wave Symetry Adjust 1. 16 SYMA2 I Wave Symetry Adjust 2. Ground pin. Rev. 1.03 3 XR-2206 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test Conditions: Test Circuit of Figure 2 Vcc = 12V, TA = 25°C, C = 0.01F, R1 = 100k, R2 = 10k, R3 = 25k Unless Otherwise Specified. S1 open for triangle, closed for sine wave. XR-2206M/P Parameters Min. Typ. XR-2206CP/D Max. Min. Typ. Max. Units Conditions General Characteristics Single Supply Voltage 10 26 10 26 V Split-Supply Voltage +5 +13 +5 +13 V 20 mA Supply Current 12 17 14 R1 10k Oscillator Section Max. Operating Frequency 0.5 Lowest Practical Frequency 1 0.5 0.01 1 MHz 0.01 Hz C = 1000pF, R1 = 1k C = 50F, R1 = 2M Frequency Accuracy +1 +4 +2 % of fo Temperature Stability Frequency +10 +50 +20 ppm/°C 0°C TA 70°C R1 = R2 = 20k Sine Wave Amplitude Stability2 4800 4800 ppm/°C Supply Sensitivity 0.01 0.01 %/V 2000:1 fH = fL 2 % fL = 1kHz, fH = 10kHz Sweep Range 0.1 1000:1 2000:1 fo = 1/R1C VLOW = 10V, VHIGH = 20V, R1 = R2 = 20k fH @ R1 = 1k fL @ R1 = 2M Sweep Linearity 10:1 Sweep 2 1000:1 Sweep 8 8 % fL = 100Hz, fH = 100kHz FM Distortion 0.1 0.1 % +10% Deviation Figure 5 Recommended Timing Components Timing Capacitor: C Timing Resistors: R1 & R2 Triangle Sine Wave 0.001 100 0.001 100 F 1 2000 1 2000 k Output1 Figure 3 Triangle Amplitude Sine Wave Amplitude 160 40 60 80 160 mV/k Figure 2, S1 Open 60 mV/k Figure 2, S1 Closed Max. Output Swing 6 6 Vp-p Output Impedance 600 600 Triangle Linearity 1 1 % Amplitude Stability 0.5 0.5 dB For 1000:1 Sweep % R1 = 30k % See Figure 7 and Figure 8 Sine Wave Distortion Without Adjustment 2.5 With Adjustment 0.4 2.5 1.0 0.5 1.5 Notes 1 Output amplitude is directly proportional to the resistance, R , on Pin 3. See Figure 3. 3 2 For maximum amplitude stability, R should be a positive temperature coefficient resistor. 3 Bold face parameters are covered by production test and guaranteed over operating temperature range. Rev. 1.03 4 XR-2206 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT’D) XR-2206M/P Parameters Min. Typ. 50 100 XR-2206CP/D Max. Min. Typ. Max. Units 50 100 k Conditions Amplitude Modulation Input Impedance Modulation Range 100 100 % Carrier Suppression 55 55 dB Linearity 2 2 % For 95% modulation Amplitude 12 12 Vp-p Measured at Pin 11. Rise Time 250 250 ns CL = 10pF Fall Time 50 50 ns CL = 10pF Saturation Voltage 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 V IL = 2mA Leakage Current 0.1 20 0.1 100 A VCC = 26V Square-Wave Output FSK Keying Level (Pin 9) 0.8 1.4 2.4 0.8 1.4 2.4 V See section on circuit controls Reference Bypass Voltage 2.9 3.1 3.3 2.5 3 3.5 V Measured at Pin 10. Notes 1 Output amplitude is directly proportional to the resistance, R , on Pin 3. See Figure 3. 3 2 For maximum amplitude stability, R should be a positive temperature coefficient resistor. 3 Bold face parameters are covered by production test and guaranteed over operating temperature range. Specifications are subject to change without notice ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26V Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750mW Derate Above 25°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5mW/°C Total Timing Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6mA Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to +150°C SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The XR-2206 is comprised of four functional blocks; a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), an analog multiplier and sine-shaper; a unity gain buffer amplifier; and a set of current switches. terminals to ground. With two timing pins, two discrete output frequencies can be independently produced for FSK generation applications by using the FSK input control pin. This input controls the current switches which select one of the timing resistor currents, and routes it to the VCO. The VCO produces an output frequency proportional to an input current, which is set by a resistor from the timing Rev. 1.03 5 XR-2206 VCC 1mF 4 1 5 16 C 6 FSK Input S1 = Open For Triangle = Closed For Sinewave 15 14 13 9 7 8 R1 R2 25K Mult. And Sine Shaper VCO Symmetry Adjust S1 THD Adjust 500 Current Switches Triangle Or Sine Wave Output Square Wave Output 2 +1 11 10 12 1mF XR-2206 3 10K R3 25K + VCC 1mF VCC 5.1K 5.1K Figure 2. Basic Test Circuit ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ 26 70°C Max. Package Dissipation Triangle 5 4 22 1KW Sinewave 3 2 1 0 20 40 60 80 ICC (mA) Peak Output Voltage (Volts) 6 2KW 18 10KW 14 30KW 10 8 100 12 16 20 24 28 VCC (V) R3 in (KW) Figure 3. Output Amplitude as a Function of the Resistor, R3, at Pin 3 Figure 4. Supply Current vs Supply Voltage, Timing, R Rev. 1.03 6 XR-2206 10M ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ 1M Normal Output Amplitude Timing Resistor ( W ) MAXIMUM TIMING R NORMAL RANGE 100K TYPICAL VALUE 10K 1K 4V 1.0 0.5 MINIMUM TIMING R 10-2 102 10 104 0 VCC / 2 106 Frequency (Hz) DC Voltage At Pin 1 Figure 5. R versus Oscillation Frequency. Figure 6. Normalized Output Amplitude versus DC Bias at AM Input (Pin 1) ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ 5 5 3 2 1 10 100 R=3KW VOUT =0.5VRMS Pin 2 RL=10KW 3 2 1 0 1.0 ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 4 C = 0.01mF Trimmed For Minimum Distortion At 30 KW Distortion (%) Distortion (%) 4 4V 0 103 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M Frequency (Hz) Timing R K(W) Figure 7. Trimmed Distortion versus Timing Resistor. Figure 8. Sine Wave Distortion versus Operating Frequency with Timing Capacitors Varied. Rev. 1.03 7 XR-2206 3 C=0.01F Frequency Drift (%) 2 R=1M R=2K 1 R=10K R=200K R=200K 0 -1 R=1M Sweep Input R=1K Rc + - IB VC -2 R=1K -3 -50 -25 0 25 IT IC R=10K R=2K 50 75 R ÁÁ Pin 7 or 8 + 3V - 12 125 100 Ambient Temperature (C°) Figure 9. Frequency Drift versus Temperature. Figure 10. Circuit Connection for Frequency Sweep. VCC 1F 4 1 5 C 16 Mult. And Sine Shaper VCO 6 14 13 9 2M R1 1K 7 8 Current Switches +1 10 R 12 S1 Closed For Sinewave 15 S1 200 2 Triangle Or Sine Wave Output 11 Square Wave Output XR-2206 3 R3 50K + 10K 1F + VCC 10F VCC 5.1K 5.1K Figure 11. Circuit tor Sine Wave Generation without External Adjustment. (See Figure 3 for Choice of R3) Rev. 1.03 8 XR-2206 VCC 1F 4 1 5 C 1 F= RC 25K Mult. And Sine Shaper VCO 6 R1 1K 7 8 RB 15 14 S1 Closed For Sinewave S1 13 9 2M Symmetry Adjust 16 RA 500 Current Switches 2 +1 Triangle Or Sine Wave Output Square Wave Output 11 10 R 12 3 XR-2206 R3 50K + 1F 10K + VCC 10F VCC 5.1K 5.1K Figure 12. Circuit for Sine Wave Generation with Minimum Harmonic Distortion. (R3 Determines Output Swing - See Figure 3) VCC 1F 4 1 5 >2V F1 <1V F2 FSK Input C 16 VCO 6 R1 R2 9 7 8 15 Mult. And Sine Shaper 14 13 Current Switches 200 2 +1 11 F1=1/R1C F2=1/R2C 10 12 + 3 XR-2206 R3 50K 1F + 10F VCC 5.1K 5.1K Figure 13. Sinusoidal FSK Generator Rev. 1.03 9 FSK Output XR-2206 VCC 1 f 2 C R1 R2 1F 4 1 5 C 16 Mult. And Sine Shaper VCO 6 7 8 R1 R1 R2 15 14 9 R1 R2 Duty Cycle = 13 Current Switches 2 +1 Sawtooth Output 11 10 12 3 R3 24K + Pulse Output XR-2206 5.1K 1F VCC + 10F VCC 5.1K 5.1K Figure 14. Circuit for Pulse and Ramp Generation. Frequency-Shift Keying APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The XR-2206 can be operated with two separate timing resistors, R1 and R2, connected to the timing Pin 7 and 8, respectively, as shown in Figure 13. Depending on the polarity of the logic signal at Pin 9, either one or the other of these timing resistors is activated. If Pin 9 is open-circuited or connected to a bias voltage 2V, only R1 is activated. Similarly, if the voltage level at Pin 9 is 1V, only R2 is activated. Thus, the output frequency can be keyed between two levels. f1 and f2, as: Sine Wave Generation Without External Adjustment Figure 11 shows the circuit connection for generating a sinusoidal output from the XR-2206. The potentiometer, R1 at Pin 7, provides the desired frequency tuning. The maximum output swing is greater than V+/2, and the typical distortion (THD) is < 2.5%. If lower sine wave distortion is desired, additional adjustments can be provided as described in the following section. f1 = 1/R1C and f2 = 1/R2C For split-supply operation, the keying voltage at Pin 9 is referenced to V-. The circuit of Figure 11 can be converted to split-supply operation, simply by replacing all ground connections with V-. For split-supply operation, R3 can be directly connected to ground. Output DC Level Control The dc level at the output (Pin 2) is approximately the same as the dc bias at Pin 3. In Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13, Pin 3 is biased midway between V+ and ground, to give an output dc level of V+/2. Rev. 1.03 10 XR-2206 With External Adjustment: PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Description of Controls The harmonic content of sinusoidal output can be reduced to -0.5% by additional adjustments as shown in Figure 12. The potentiometer, RA, adjusts the sine-shaping resistor, and RB provides the fine adjustment for the waveform symmetry. The adjustment procedure is as follows: Frequency of Operation: The frequency of oscillation, fo, is determined by the external timing capacitor, C, across Pin 5 and 6, and by the timing resistor, R, connected to either Pin 7 or 8. The frequency is given as: 1. Set RB at midpoint and adjust RA for minimum distortion. f 0 + 1 Hz RC 2. With RA set as above, adjust RB to further reduce distortion. and can be adjusted by varying either R or C. The recommended values of R, for a given frequency range, as shown in Figure 5. Temperature stability is optimum for 4k < R < 200k. Recommended values of C are from 1000pF to 100F. Triangle Wave Generation The circuits of Figure 11 and Figure 12 can be converted to triangle wave generation, by simply open-circuiting Pin 13 and 14 (i.e., S1 open). Amplitude of the triangle is approximately twice the sine wave output. Frequency Sweep and Modulation: Frequency of oscillation is proportional to the total timing current, IT, drawn from Pin 7 or 8: f+ FSK Generation Figure 13 shows the circuit connection for sinusoidal FSK signal operation. Mark and space frequencies can be independently adjusted by the choice of timing resistors, R1 and R2; the output is phase-continuous during transitions. The keying signal is applied to Pin 9. The circuit can be converted to split-supply operation by simply replacing ground with V-. 320I T (mA) Hz C(F) Timing terminals (Pin 7 or 8) are low-impedance points, and are internally biased at +3V, with respect to Pin 12. Frequency varies linearly with IT, over a wide range of current values, from 1A to 3mA. The frequency can be controlled by applying a control voltage, VC, to the activated timing pin as shown in Figure 10. The frequency of oscillation is related to VC as: ǒ ǒ V f+ 1 1 ) R 1 – C 3 RC RC Pulse and Ramp Generation Figure 14 shows the circuit for pulse and ramp waveform generation. In this mode of operation, the FSK keying terminal (Pin 9) is shorted to the square-wave output (Pin 11), and the circuit automatically frequency-shift keys itself between two separate frequencies during the positive-going and negative-going output waveforms. The pulse width and duty cycle can be adjusted from 1% to 99% by the choice of R1 and R2. The values of R1 and R2 should be in the range of 1k to 2M. ǓǓHz where VC is in volts. The voltage-to-frequency conversion gain, K, is given as: K + ēfńēV C + – 0.32 HzńV R CC CAUTION: For safety operation of the circuit, IT should be limited to 3mA. Rev. 1.03 11 XR-2206 Output Amplitude: Maximum output amplitude is inversely proportional to the external resistor, R3, connected to Pin 3 (see Figure 3). For sine wave output, amplitude is approximately 60mV peak per k of R3; for triangle, the peak amplitude is approximately 160mV peak per k of R3. Thus, for example, R3 = 50k would produce approximately 13V sinusoidal output amplitude. at Pin 1 is approximately 100k. Output amplitude varies linearly with the applied voltage at Pin 1, for values of dc bias at this pin, within 14 volts of VCC/2 as shown in Figure 6. As this bias level approaches VCC/2, the phase of the output signal is reversed, and the amplitude goes through zero. This property is suitable for phase-shift keying and suppressed-carrier AM generation. Total dynamic range of amplitude modulation is approximately 55dB. Amplitude Modulation: CAUTION: AM control must be used in conjunction with a well-regulated supply, since the output amplitude now becomes a function of VCC. Output amplitude can be modulated by applying a dc bias and a modulating signal to Pin 1. The internal impedance VR VCC 11 15 V2 5 14 16 6 13 1 VCC 7 6 5 8 10 VR V1 VCC 4 Int’nI. Reg. VR VR V1 V2 12 9 Figure 15. Equivalent Schematic Diagram Rev. 1.03 12 3 2 XR-2206 16 LEAD CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE (300 MIL CDIP) Rev. 1.00 16 9 1 8 E E1 D A1 Base Plane Seating Plane A L e c B α B1 INCHES SYMBOL MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX A 0.100 0.200 2.54 5.08 A1 0.015 0.060 0.38 1.52 B 0.014 0.026 0.36 0.66 B1 0.045 0.065 1.14 1.65 c 0.008 0.018 0.20 0.46 D 0.740 0.840 18.80 21.34 E1 0.250 0.310 6.35 7.87 E 0.300 BSC 7.62 BSC e 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC L 0.125 0.200 3.18 5.08 α 0° 15° 0° 15° Note: The control dimension is the inch column Rev. 1.03 13 XR-2206 16 LEAD PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE (300 MIL PDIP) Rev. 1.00 16 9 1 8 E1 E D A2 Seating Plane A L α A1 B INCHES SYMBOL eA eB B1 e MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX A 0.145 0.210 3.68 5.33 A1 0.015 0.070 0.38 1.78 A2 0.115 0.195 2.92 4.95 B 0.014 0.024 0.36 0.56 B1 0.030 0.070 0.76 1.78 C 0.008 0.014 0.20 0.38 D 0.745 0.840 18.92 21.34 E 0.300 0.325 7.62 8.26 E1 0.240 0.280 6.10 7.11 e eA 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC 0.300 BSC 7.62 BSC eB 0.310 0.430 7.87 10.92 L 0.115 0.160 2.92 4.06 α 0° 15° 0° 15° Note: The control dimension is the inch column Rev. 1.03 14 C XR-2206 16 LEAD SMALL OUTLINE (300 MIL JEDEC SOIC) Rev. 1.00 D 16 9 E H 1 8 C A Seating Plane e B α A1 L INCHES SYMBOL MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN A 0.093 0.104 2.35 2.65 A1 0.004 0.012 0.10 0.30 B 0.013 0.020 0.33 0.51 C 0.009 0.013 0.23 0.32 D 0.398 0.413 10.10 10.50 E 0.291 0.299 7.40 7.60 e 0.050 BSC MAX 1.27 BSC H 0.394 0.419 10.00 10.65 L 0.016 0.050 0.40 1.27 α 0° 8° 0° 8° Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column Rev. 1.03 15 XR-2206 NOTICE EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained here in are only for illustration purposes and may vary depending upon a user’s specific application. While the information in this publication has been carefully checked; no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies. EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the failure or malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or to significantly affect its safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless EXAR Corporation receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has been minimized; (b) the user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately protected under the circumstances. Copyright 1972 EXAR Corporation Datasheet June 1997 Reproduction, in part or whole, without the prior written consent of EXAR Corporation is prohibited. Rev. 1.03 16