DIODES ZXBM2004

ZXBM2004
VARIABLE SPEED 2-PHASE BLDC MOTOR CONTROLLER
DESCRIPTION
The ZXBM2004 is a 2-phase, DC brushless motor pre-driver with PWM
variable speed control suitable for fan and blower motors. The controller is
intended for applications where the fan or blower speed is controlled by an
external PWM signal, thermistor or DC voltage.
FEATURES
QSOP16
• Compliant with external PWM speed control
• Compliant with thermistor control
• Minimum speed setting
• Low noise
• Auto restart
• Built in hall amplifier
• Speed pulse (FG) and lock rotor (RD) outputs
• Up to 18V input voltage (60V with external regulator)
• QSOP16 package
• Lead free product
Associated application notes:AN41 - Thermistor control
AN42 - External PWM control
AN43 - Interfacing to the motor windings
APPLICATIONS
• Mainframe and personal computer fans and blowers
• Instrumentation fans
• Central heating blowers
• Automotive climate control
ORDERING INFORMATION - QSOP16
DEVICE
ZXBM2004Q16TC
REEL SIZE
TAPE WIDTH
QUANTITY PER REEL
13" (330mm)
12mm
2,500
DEVICE MARKING
• ZETEX
ZXBM
2004
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
1
SEMICONDUCTORS
ZXBM2004
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
Supply voltage
V CCmax
-0.6 to 20
LIMITS
UNIT
V
Input current
I CCmax
100
mA
Input voltage
V IN max
-0.5 to V CC +0.5
V
Output voltage
Power dissipation
V OUT max
P Dmax
-0.5 to V CC +0.5
V
500
mW
Operating temp.
T OPR
-40 to 110
⬚C
Storage temp.
T STG
-55 to 125
⬚C
Power Dissipation
1) Maximum allowable Power Dissipation, PD,
is shown plotted against Ambient Temperature,
TA, in the accompanying Power Derating Curve,
indicating the Safe Operating Area for the device.
2) Power consumed by the device, PT, can be
calculated from the equation:
PT = PQ + PPh
where
PQ is power dissipated under quiescent
current conditions, given by:
PQ = VCC x ICC
where VCC is the application
device Supply Voltage
and
ICC is the maximum Supply
Current given in the Electrical
Characteristics
and
⍜j-a = 112°C/W
PPh is power generated due to either one of
the phase outputs Ph1 or Ph2 being
active, given by:
PPh = IOL x VOL
where IOL is the application Ph1 and Ph2
output currents
and
VOL is the maximum Low Level
Output Voltage for the Ph1 and
Ph2 outputs given in the Electrical
Characteristics
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
SEMICONDUCTORS
2
ZXBM2004
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (at Tamb = 25°C & Vcc = 12V)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
Supply Voltage
V CC
Supply Current
I CC
MIN
V IN
40
Hall Amp Common Mode Voltage
V CM
0.5
Hall Amp Input Offset
V OFS
I BS
MAX
18
V
5.5
7.5
mA
No Load 1
mV
diff p-p
4.7
Hall Amp Input Voltage
Hall Amp Bias Current
TYP
Vcc-1.5
±7
-400
V CC -2.2
UNIT CONDITIONS
V
mV
-710
nA
PH1, PH2 Output High
V OH
PH1, PH2 Output Low
V OLA
V CC -1.8
0.4
0.6
V
V
I OH =-80mA
I OL =16mA 2
PH1, PH2 Output Low
V OLB
0.4
0.6
V
I OL =50␮A 3
PH1, PH2 Output Source Current
I OH
-80
mA
PH1, PH2 Output Sink Current
I OL
16
mA
C PWM Charge Current
I PWMC
-4.5
-7.85
␮A
C PWM Discharge Current
I PWMD
38
65
␮A
C PWM High Threshold Voltage
V THH
3
V
C PWM Low Threshold Voltage
V THL
1
V
PWM Frequency
F PWM
ThRef Voltage
V ThReF
24
2.88
kHz
2.96
3.10
V
-1
mA
-0.3
␮A
ThRef Output Current
I OThRef
S MIN Input Current
I ISMIN
-0.25
C PWM = 0.1nF
I OThRef =-100␮A
VIN = 2V,SPD=open
SPD Voltage Minimum
V SPDL
1
V
100% PWM Drive
SPD Voltage Maximum
V SPDH
3
V
0% PWM Drive
SPD Input Current
I ISPD
-0.8
-2.8
-2
␮A
0.54
␮A
␮A
-3.8
C LCK Charge Current
I LCKC
C LCK Discharge Current
I LCKD
0.46
C LCK High Threshold Voltage
V THH
3
V
C LCK Low Threshold Voltage
V THL
1
V
1:12
Lock condition On:Off ratio
FG & RD Low Level Output Current
VIN = 2V
5
I OL
FG & RD Low Level Output Voltage
V OL
Commutation dead time
t CD
0.5
7.5
mA
V
I OL = 5mA
␮s
Notes:
1. Measured with pins H+, H-, CLCK and CPWM = 0V and all other signal pins open circuit.
2. Measured when opposing Phase Output is Low
3. Measured when opposing Phase Output is High
4. In this datasheet a negative sign for a current indicates current flowing out of the pin whilst no sign indicates current flowing into the pin.
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
3
SEMICONDUCTORS
ZXBM2004
Block diagram
Pin assignments
H+
Vcc
1
HN/C
V+OP
ZXBM2004
ThRef
SPD
Ph1
Ph2
QSOP16
N/C
C PWM
FG
SMIN
RD
Gnd
C LCK
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
SEMICONDUCTORS
4
ZXBM2004
PIN FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
If required this pin can also be used as an enable pin.
The application of a voltage >3.0V will force the PWM
drive fully off, in effect disabling the drive.
H+ - Hall input
H- - Hall input
The rotor position is detected by a Hall sensor, with the
output applied to the H+ and H- pins. This sensor can be
either a 4 pin 'naked' Hall device or of the 3 pin buffered
switching type. For a 4 pin device the differential Hall
output signal is connected to the H+ and H- pins. For a
buffered Hall sensor the Hall device output is attached
to the H+ pin, with a pull-up attached if needed, whilst
the H- pin has an external potential divider attached to
hold the pin at half Vcc. When H+ is high in relation to
H-, Ph2 is the active drive.
SMIN - Sets Minimum Speed
A voltage can be set on this pin via a potential divider
between the ThRef and Gnd. This voltage is monitored
by the SPD pin such that it cannot rise above it. As a
higher voltage on the SPD pin represents a lower speed
it therefore restricts the lower speed range of the fan. If
this feature is not required the pin is left tied to ThRef so
no minimum speed will be set.
If the fan is being controlled from an external voltage
source onto the SPD pin then either this feature should
not be used or if it is required then a >1k⍀ resistor
should be placed in series with the SPD pin.
ThRef - Network Reference
This is a reference voltage of nominal 3V. It is designed
for the ability to 'source' and therefore it will not 'sink'
any current from a higher voltage.
CPWM - Sets PWM Frequency
The current drawn from the pin by the minimum speed
potential divider to pin SMIN and any voltage setting
network should not exceed 1mA in total at maximum
temperature.
This pin has an external capacitor attached to set the
PWM frequency for the Phase drive outputs. A
capacitor value of 0.1nF will provide a PWM frequency
of typically 24kHz.
SPD - Speed Control Input
The CPWM timing period (TPWM) is determined by the
following equation:
The voltage applied to the SPD pin provides control
over the Fan Motor speed by varying the Pulse Width
Modulated (PWM) drive ratio at the Ph1Lo and Ph2Lo
outputs. The control signal takes the form of a voltage
input of range 3V to 1V, representing 0% to 100% drive
respectively.
TPWM =
(V THH − V THL ) x C (V THH − V THL ) x C
+
I PWMC
I PWMD
Where:
If variable speed control is not required this pin can be
left with an external potential divider to set a fixed
speed or tied to ground to provide full speed i.e. 100%
PWM drive.
C = CPWM +15, in pF
VTHH and VTHL are the CPWM pin
threshold voltages
IPWMC and IPWMD are the charge and
discharge currents in ␮A.
TPWM is in ms
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
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SEMICONDUCTORS
ZXBM2004
FG - Frequency Generator (speed) output
As these threshold voltages are nominally set to VTHH =
3V and VTHL = 1V the equations can be simplified as
follows:
TPWM =
This is the Frequency Generator output and is a
buffered signal from the Hall sensor.
2C
2C
+
I PWMC I PWMD
This is an open collector drive giving an active pull
down with the high level being provided by an external
pull up resistor.
CLCK - Locked rotor timing capacitor
Ph1Lo & Ph2Lo - Driver
Should the fan stop rotating for any reason, i.e. an
obstruction in the fan blade or a seized bearing, then
the device will enter a Rotor Locked condition. In this
condition after a predetermined time (TLOCK) the RD pin
will go high and the Phase outputs will be disabled.
After a further delay (TOFF) the controller will re-enable
the Phase drive for a defined period (TON) in an attempt
to re-start the fan. This cycle of (TOFF) and (TON) will be
repeated indefinitely or until the fan re-starts.
This pair of outputs drive the external devices. These
outputs provide both the commutation and PWM
waveforms. The outputs are of the Darlington emitter
follower type with an active pull-down to help faster
switch off when using bipolar devices. When in the
high state the outputs will provide up to 80mA of drive
into the base or gates of external transistors as shown
in the Typical Application circuit following.
This is the device supply ground return pin and will
generally be the most negative supply pin to the fan.
When in the low state the active Phase drive is capable
of sinking up to 16mA when driving low to aid turn off
times during PWM operation. When the Phase is
inactive the output is held low by an internal pull-down
resistor.
RD - Locked Rotor error output
V+OP - Phase Outputs Supply Voltage
This pin is the Locked Rotor output as referred to in the
CLCK timing section above. It is high when the rotor is
stopped and low when it is running.
This pin is the supply to the Phase outputs and will be
connected differently dependant upon external
transistor type.
This is an open collector drive giving an active pull
down with the high level being provided by an external
pull up resistor.
For bipolar devices this pin will be connected by a
resistor to the VCC pin. The resistor is used to control
the current into the transistor base so its value is
chosen accordingly.
GND - Ground
For MOSFET devices the pin will connect directly to the
VCC pin.
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
SEMICONDUCTORS
6
ZXBM2004
VCC - Applied Voltage
This is the device internal circuitry supply voltage. For
5V to 12V fans this can be supplied directly from the
Fan Motor supply. For fans likely to run in excess of the
18V maximum rating for the device this will be
supplied from an external regulator such as a Zener
diode.
RD Timing Waveform:
Hall
VTHH
C LCK
VTHL
T Lock
T Off
TOn
RD
FG
Applications Information
The ZXBM2004 is primarily controlled by a voltage on
the SPD pin. A voltage of 1V represents a 100% PWM at
the Phase Outputs and in turn represents full speed. 3V
on the SPD pin conversely represents 0% PWM. The
motor can therefore be controlled simply by applying a
control voltage onto the SPD pin with the minimal use
of external components.
A common form of control of fans is by a PWM signal
derived from a central processor or controller. This
signal can be converted into a voltage and that voltage
adjusted as neccesary to compensate for motor none
linearity, inclusion of the Minimum speed feature etc.
Full applications details and further examples of how
to control the ZXBM2004 are available in the
Applications Notes AN41, AN42 and AN43.
This voltage control method easily lends itself to
control by other signal types. For example if a
thermistor is applied to the SPD pin a varying voltage
can be generated at the SPD pin as the resistance of the
thermistor varies with temperature.
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
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SEMICONDUCTORS
ZXBM2004
Figure 1: 12V Typical circuit for thermistor controlled speed
Figure 2: Typical circuit for external PWM controlled speed (single MOSFET)
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
SEMICONDUCTORS
8
ZXBM2004
Figure 3: Typical circuit for 48V input and external PWM control
Figure 4: Typical circuit for constant speed operation
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
9
SEMICONDUCTORS
ZXBM2004
Drive transisitors
Zetex offers a range of devices that are ideally suited to
interface between the ZXBM2004 controller and the
motor. The following tables show a selection of
products. If your needs are not covered by this
selection then please refer to the the more
comprehensive listings that can be found on the Zetex
website: www.zetex.com
MOSFETs
Part Number
ZXMN10A09K
R DS(on) @ V GS = 10
Package
7.7
0.085
DPAK
BV DSS
ID
V
A
N
100
Polarity
N
100
2.4
0.35
SOT223
2xN
100
2.1
0.25
SO8
ZXMN10A07Z
N
100
1.4
0.7
SOT89
ZXMN6A09K
N
60
11.2
0.045
DPAK
ZXMN10A11G
ZXMN10A08DN8
2xN
60
4.7
0.055
SO8
ZXMN6A11Z
N
60
3.2
0.14
SOT89
ZXMN6A07Z
N
60
2.2
0.3
SOT89
Polarity
V CEO
IC
A
V CE(sat) @ I C /I B
mV @ A/mA
Package
V
ZXMN6A25DN8
Bipolar Transistors
Part Number
FZT855
NPN
150
4
65 @ 0.5/50
SOT223
FMMT624
NPN
125
1
150 @ 0.5/50
SOT23
ZX5T853G
NPN
100
6
125 @ 2/100
SOT223
FCX493
NPN
100
1
300 @ 0.5/50
SOT89
FCX1053A
NPN
75
3
200 @ 1/10
SOT89
ZX5T851G
NPN
60
6
135 @ 2/50
SOT223
FCX493A
NPN
60
1
500 @ 1/50
SOT89
FCX619
NPN
50
3
260 @ 2/50
SOT89
FMMT619
NPN
50
2
220 @ 2/50
SOT23
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
SEMICONDUCTORS
10
ZXBM2004
Notes:
ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
11
SEMICONDUCTORS
ZXBM2004
PACKAGE OUTLINE QSOP16
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
Dim
Millimeters
Inches
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
A
0.053
0.069
1.35
1.75
A1
0.004
0.010
0.10
0.25
A2
0.049
0.059
1.25
1.50
D
0.189
0.197
4.80
5.00
0.009 Ref
ZD
0.23 BSC
E
0.228
0.244
5.79
6.20
E1
0.150
0.157
3.81
3.99
L
0.016
0.050
0.41
1.27
e
0.025 BSC
0.64 BSC
b
0.008
0.012
0.20
0.30
c
0.007
0.010
0.18
0.25
θ
0°
8°
0°
8°
h
0.010
0.020
0.25
0.50
Note: Dimensions in inches are control dimensions, dimensions in millimeters are approximate.
© Zetex Semiconductors plc 2005
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ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005
SEMICONDUCTORS
12