DRV10866 www.ti.com SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 5-V, THREE-PHASE, SENSORLESS BLDC MOTOR DRIVER FEATURES 1 • • 2 • • • • • • Input Voltage Range: 1.65 V to 5.5 V Six Integrated MOSFETS With 680-mA Peak Output Current Ultralow Quiescent Current: 5 µA (typ) in Standby Mode Total Driver H+L RDSOn 900 mΩ Sensorless Proprietary BMEF Control Scheme 150° Commutation Synchronous Rectification PWM Operation Selectable FG and ½ FG Open-Drain Output • • • • • PWMIN Input from 15 kHz to 50 kHz Lock Detection Voltage Surge Protection UVLO Thermal Shutdown APPLICATIONS • • • Notebook CPU Fans Game Station CPU Fans ASIC Cooling Fans DESCRIPTION DRV10866 is a three phase, sensorless motor driver with integrated power MOSFETs with drive current capability up to 680 mA peak. DRV10866 is specifically designed for low noise and low external component count fan motor drive applications. DRV10866 has built in over-current protection with no external current sense resistor needed. The synchronous rectification mode of operation achieves increased efficiency for motor driver applications. DRV10866 outputs either FG or ½ FG to indicate motor speed with open drain output. A 150° sensorless BEMF control scheme is implemented for a three phase motor. DRV10866 is available in the thermally efficient 10-pin, 3-mm x 3-mm x 0.75-mm SON (DSC) package. The operating temperature is specified from -40°C to 125°C. TYPICAL APPLICATION 100 kW PWM 10 COM CS 9 3 VCC FGS 8 4 U V 7 5 GND W 6 1 FG 2 PWMIN 3.8 kW VCC 2.2 mF/ 6.3 V M 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated DRV10866 SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 www.ti.com ORDERING INFORMATION (1) (2) (1) PRODUCT PACKAGE-LEAD PACKAGE DESIGNATOR DRV10866 SON-10 DSC SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE MARKING ORDERING NUMBER TRANSPORT MEDIA, QUANTITY –40°C to +125°C DRV10866 DRV10866DSC Tape and Reel, 3000 For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. Package drawings, standard packing quantities, thermal data, symbolization, and PCB design guidelines are available at www.ti.com/package. (2) FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Lock Detection FG PWM PWM and Standby 1/2 GND COM FGS FIL PCOM U V W Current Comparator Phase Select Phase Select VREF UVLO and Clamping VCC CS_S CS VCC Core Logic Bandgap Predriver VREF U V GND Predriver OSC (5 MHz) VCC GND Thermal Detection Predriver W GND 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated DRV10866 www.ti.com SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 PIN DESIGNATION DSC PACKAGE 3-mm × 3-mm SON (TOP VIEW) FG 1 10 PWM COM 2 9 CS VCC 3 8 FGS U 4 7 V GND 5 6 W Thermal Pad (1) GND (1). Thermal pad connected to ground. Table 1. PIN DESCRIPTIONS TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION FG 1 O Frequency generator output. If the FGS pin is connected to ground, the output has a period equal to six electrical states (FG). If the FGS pin is connected to VCC, the output has a period equal to 12 electrical states (1/2FG). COM 2 I Motor common terminal input VCC 3 I Input voltage for motor and chip-supply voltage; the internal clamping circuit clamps the VCC voltage. U 4 O Phase U output GND 5 — Ground pin W 6 O Phase W output V 7 O Phase V output FGS 8 I FG and 1/2FG control pin. Latched upon wake-up signal from the PWM pin. For details, refer to the FG pin description section. I Overcurrent threshold setup pin. The constant current of the internal constant current source flows through the resistor connected to this pin. The other side of the resistor is connected to ground. The voltage across the resistor compares with the voltage converted from the bottom MOSFET current. If the MOSFET current is high, the part enters the overcurrent protection mode by turning off the top PWM MOSFET and holding the bottom MOSFET on. I (mA) = 3120/RCS(kΩ). Equation valid range: 300 mA < ILIMIT< 850 mA I PWM input pin. The PWM input signal is converted to a fixed 156-kHz switching frequency on the MOSFET driver. The PWM input signal resolution is less than 1%. This pin can also control the device and put it in or out of standby mode. After the signal at the PWM stays low (up to 500 µs), the device goes into low-power standby mode. Standby current is approximately 5 µA. The rising edge of the PWM signal wakes up the device and puts it into active mode, where it is ready to start to turn the motor. CS PWM 9 10 Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 3 DRV10866 SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 www.ti.com ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted). VALUE Input voltage range (1) Output voltage range (1) Temperature Electrostatic discharge (ESD) (1) MIN MAX UNIT VCC –0.3 +6.0 V CS, FGS, PWM –0.3 +6.0 V GND –0.3 +0.3 V COM –1.0 +6.0 V U, V, W –1.0 +7.0 V FG –0.3 +6.0 V Operating junction temperature, TJ –40 +125 °C Storage, Tstg –55 +150 °C 4 kV 500 V Human body model, HBM Charge device model, CDM All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal unless otherwise noted. THERMAL INFORMATION DRV10866 THERMAL METRIC (1) DSC UNITS 10 PINS θJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (2) 42.3 θJCtop Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance (3) 44.5 θJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance (4) 17.1 (5) ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter (6) 17.3 θJCbot Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance (7) 4.3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 4 0.3 °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a. The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDECstandard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB temperature, as described in JESD51-8. The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψJT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψJB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA , using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. Spacer Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated DRV10866 www.ti.com SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted). MIN Supply voltage Voltage range NOM MAX UNIT VCC 1.65 5.5 V U, V, W –0.7 6.5 V FG, CS, FGS, COM –0.1 5.5 V GND –0.1 0.1 V PWM –0.1 5.5 V –40 +125 °C Operating junction temperature, TJ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted). DRV10866 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT SUPPLY CURRENT IVcc Supply current TA = +25°C; PWM = VCC; VCC = 5 V 2.5 3.5 mA IVcc-Standby Standby current TA = +25°C; PWM = 0 V; VCC = 5 V 5 10 µA VUVLO-Th_r UVLO threshold voltage, rising Rise threshold, TA = +25°C 1.80 1.9 V VUVLO-Th_f UVLO threshold voltage, falling Fall threshold, TA = +25°C 1.6 1.65 VUVLO-Th_hys UVLO threshold voltage, hysteresis TA = +25°C 75 150 225 mV TA = +25°C; VCC = 5 V; IO = 0.5 A 0.8 1.2 Ω TA = +25°C; VCC = 4 V; IO = 0.5 A 0.9 1.4 Ω TA = +25°C; VCC = 3 V; IO = 0.5 A 1.1 1.7 Ω UVLO V INTEGRATED MOSFET RDSON Series resistance (H+L) PWM VPWM-IH High-level input voltage VCC ≥ 4.5 V VPWM-IL Low-level input voltage VCC ≥ 4.5 V FPWM PWM input frequency 2.3 15 Standby mode, VCC = 5 V IPWM-Source TSTBY V 0.8 V 50 kHz 5 µA Active mode, VCC = 5 V 100 µA PWM = 0 500 µs FG AND FGS IFG-Sink VFGS-Th FG pin sink current FG set threshold voltage VFG = 0.3 V 5 mA FG pin output, full FG signal, VCC ≥ 4.5 V FG pin output, one-half FG signal, VCC ≥ 4.5 V 0.8 2.3 V V LOCK PROTECTION TLOCK-On Lock detect time TLOCK-Off Lock release time FG = 0 2 3 4 s 2.5 5 7.5 s 680 800 920 mA CURRENT LIMIT Current limit CS pin to GND resistor = 3.9 kΩ THERMAL SHUTDOWN TSHDN Shutdown temperature threshold Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Hysteresis +160 °C 10 °C Submit Documentation Feedback 5 DRV10866 SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 www.ti.com DETAILED DEVICE DESCRIPTION DRV10866 is a three phase, sensorless motor driver with integrated power MOSFETs with drive current capability up to 680-mA peak. DRV10866 is specifically designed for low noise, low external component count fan motor drive applications. DRV10866 has built in over current protection with no external current sense resistor needed. The synchronous rectification mode of operation achieves increased efficiency for motor driver applications. DRV10866 can output either FG or ½ FG to indicate motor speed with open drain output through FGS pin selection. A 150° sensorless BEMF control scheme is implemented for a three phase motor. Voltage surge protection scheme prevents input VCC capacitor from over charge during motor acceleration and deceleration modes. DRV10866 has multiple built-in protection blocks including UVLO, over current protection, lock protection and thermal shut down protection. Speed Control DRV10866 can control motor speed through either the PWMIN or VCC pin. Motor speed will increase with higher PWMIN duty cycle or VCC input voltage. The curve of motor speed (RPM) vs PWMIN duty cycle or VCC input voltage is close to linear in most cases. However, motor characteristics will affect the linearity of this speed curve. DRV10866 can operate at very low VCC input voltage down to 1.65 V. The PWMIN pin is pulled up to VCC internally and frequency range can vary from 15 kHz to 50 kHz. The motor driver MOSFETs will operate at constant switching frequency 156 kHz. With this high switching frequency, DRV10866 can eliminate audible noise and reduce the ripple of VCC input voltage and current, and thus minimize EMI noise. Frequency Generator The FG pin outputs a 50% duty cycle of PWM waveform in the normal operation condition. The frequency of the FG signal represents the motor speed and phase information. The FG pin is an open drain output, so an external pull up resistor is needed when connected to an external system. During the startup, FG output will stay at high impedance until the motor speed reaches a certain level and BEMF is detected. During lock protection condition, FG output will remain high until the motor restarts and startup process is completed. DRV10866 can output either FG or ½ FG to indicate motor status with open drain output through FGS pin selection. When FGS is pulled to VCC, the frequency of FG output is half of that when FGS is pulled to GND. Motor speed can be calculated based on the FG frequency when FGS is pulled to GND, which equals to: (FG ? 60) RPM = pole pairs (1) Where FG is in hertz (Hz). Lock Protection If the motor is blocked or stopped by an external force, the lock protection is triggered after lock detection time. During lock detection time, the circuit monitors the PWM and FG signals. If PWM has an input signal while the FG output is in high impedance during this period, the lock protection will be enabled and DRV10866 will stop driving the motor. After lock release time, DRV10866 will resume driving the motor again. If the lock condition still exists, DRV10866 will proceed with the next lock protection cycle until the lock condition is removed. With this lock protection, the motor and device will not get over heated or be damaged. 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated DRV10866 www.ti.com SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 Voltage Surge Protection The DRV10866 has a unique feature to clamp the VCC voltage during lock protection and standby mode. If the lock mode condition is caused by an external force that suddenly stops the motor at a high speed, or the device goes into standby mode from a high duty cycle, either situation releases the energy in the motor winding into the input capacitor. When a small input capacitor and anti-reverse diode are used in the system design, the input voltage of the IC could rise above the absolute voltage rate of the chip. This condition either destroys the device or reduces the reliability of the device. For this reason, the DRV10866 has a voltage clamp circuit that clamps the input voltage at 5.95 V, and has a hysteresis of 150 mV. This clamp circuit is only active during the lock protection cycle or when the device enters standby mode. It is disabled during normal operation. Overcurrent Protection The DRV10866 can adjust the overcurrent point through an external resistor connected to the CS pin (pin 9) and ground. Without this external current sense resistor, the DRV10866 senses the current through the power MOSFET. Therefore, there is no power loss during the current sensing. The current sense architecture improves the overall system efficiency. Shorting the CS pin to ground disables the overcurrent protection feature. During overcurrent protection, the DRV10866 only limits the current to the motor; it does not shut down the device. The overcurrent limit can be set by the value of current sensing resistor through Equation 2. 3120 I (A) = RCS (W) (2) UVLO (Undervoltage Lockout) The DRV10866 has a built in UVLO function block. The hysteresis of UVLO threshold is 150 mV. The device will be locked out when VCC reaches 1.65 V and woke up at 1.8 V. Thermal Shutdown The DRV10866 has a built in thermal shunt down function, which will shut down the device when the junction temperature is over 160°C and will resume operating when the junction temperature drops back to 150°C. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 7 DRV10866 SBVS206 – NOVEMBER 2012 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION The DRV10866 only requires three external components. A 2.2-µF or higher ceramic capacitor connected to VCC and ground is needed for decoupling purposes. This capacitor must be placed close to the VCC pin (pin 3) and GND pin (pin 5). During normal operation, a sudden drop in motor speed (caused by changing the PWM duty from high to low immediately) causes the VCC voltage to rise to a very high level, especially when an anti-reverse diode is added on the VCC side. In order to avoid this condition, a larger input capacitor between VCC and GND is needed, along with removing the anti-reverse diode. The DRV10866 is simple to design with a single-layer printed circuit board (PCB) layout. During layout, the strategy of ground copper pour is very important to enhance the thermal performance. Refer to Figure 1 for an example of PCB layout. Figure 1. Single-Layer PCB Layout 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 6-Feb-2013 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) DRV10866DSCR ACTIVE Package Type Package Pins Package Qty Drawing SON DSC 10 3000 Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish (2) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Top-Side Markings (3) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR (4) -40 to 85 10866 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) Only one of markings shown within the brackets will appear on the physical device. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. 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Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 19-Nov-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device DRV10866DSCR Package Package Pins Type Drawing SON DSC 10 SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 3000 330.0 12.4 Pack Materials-Page 1 3.3 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) 3.3 1.1 8.0 W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 12.0 Q2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 19-Nov-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) DRV10866DSCR SON DSC 10 3000 367.0 367.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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