A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXFV4089 Video amplifier with DC restoration Description The ZXFV4089 is a DC restored video amplifier (black-level clamp) in an 8 pin SOIC package. It integrates a high performance video amplifier with a nulling sample and hold amplifier specially designed to provide brightness level stability. The input video signal is AC coupled to the main amplifier and this AC coupling capacitor also acts as the holding capacitor for the sample and hold amplifier. This configuration reduces both pin count and external components over traditional solutions. Typically, during the back-porch interval of an analog video waveform the sample and hold amplifier forces the input of the video amplifier to the reference voltage. The video waveform is now referenced to the new reference voltage for the remainder of the line-scan interval. The video amplifier has been optimised for video applications and as such drives backterminated 75⍀ loads with good differential gain and phase errors. The current feedback architecture allows the bandwidth to remain fixed over a wide range of gains, and is set by two external resistors. The ZXFV4089 is specified for operation at ±5V and over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range and is pin compatible with the industry standard EL4089. Features Applications • • Black level clamp, providing stable intensity in video systems such as: • cameras • image capture • video mixing • displays • DC restoration of other high frequency signals Complete analog video DC level restoration system • Supports various TV systems • PAL, NTSC, SECAM • Excellent video performance • 0.08% differential gain • 0.1° differential phase • 30 MHz 0.1 dB bandwidth • 210 MHz -3 dB bandwidth • 400V/ms slewrate • TTL/CMOS logic compatible HOLD input • Pin and function compatible with industry standard EL4089 Figure 1 Pin connection diagram Ordering information Part number Reel size Quantity (inches) per reel ZXFV4089N8TA 7 500 ZXFV4089N8TC 13 2500 Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 Device marking 4089 4089 1 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Absolute maximum ratings - Over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise stated)(b) Positive supply voltage VCC to GND -0.5V to +5.5V Negative supply voltage VEE to GND -5.5V to +0.5V Input voltage, pins 1,2,3 to GND VEE -0.5V to VCC +0.5V Differential input voltage 2, pin 1 to pin 2 Output current, pin 7 (continuous, TJ < 110°C) Internal power dissipation ±3 V ±60 mA See note(d) ±5 mA ±5 mA -40°C to 85°C -65°C to 150°C 150°C Input current, IN- pin 1 Current into IN+ and HOLD, pins 2 and 4 Operating ambient temperature range Storage temperature range Operating junction temperature TJMAX NOTES: (b) Stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (c) At high closed loop gains and low gain setting resistors care must be taken if large input signals are applied to the device which cause the output stage to saturate for extended periods of time. (d) The power dissipation of the device when loaded must be designed to keep the device junction temperature below TJMAX, de-rated according to the Theta-ja for the SO8 package, which is typically 168°C/W, i.e. 0.74W at 25°C. ESD: This device is sensitive to static discharge and proper handling precautions are required. Recommended operating conditions Parameter Min. Max. Unit ±4.75 ±5.25 V VS± Dual supply voltage range VCMR Common mode input voltage range -3 +3 V TA Ambient temperature range -40 85 °C VREFCMR Common mode input range of VREF -2 +2 V RDRIVE Effective resistance driving pin 2 30 150 ⍀ Recommended resistor values VS± = 5V, CL = 10pF GCL RF RG 680 1 820 2 dB n/c 1000 2 Peaking 0 -2dB 430 430 2dB 470 470 1.5dB 560 560 0 Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 2 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Electrical characteristics VCC = 5V, VEE = -5V, G =1, RF = 1kV, RLOAD = 1kV, Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise stated. Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit ICCH Positive supply current, holding HOLD = HIGH 5 8 10 mA ICCS Positive supply current, sampling HOLD = LOW 5 8.5 11 mA IEEH Negative supply current, holding HOLD = HIGH 5 8 10 mA IEES Negative supply current, sampling HOLD = LOW 5 8.5 11 mA 1 10 mV Amplifier section, hold Input = high unless otherwise stated VOS Input offset voltage VIN+ = 0V IB+ + input bias current 1 5 µA IB- – input bias current 1 10 µA ROL Trans-impedance RIN+ + input resistance VO Output voltage swing IO Output drive current 40 +PSRR Positive power supply rejection ratio VCC = 5V±5%, VEE = -5V 49 57 dB -PSRR Negative power supply rejection ratio VCC = 5V, VEE = -5V ±5% 51 58 dB CMRR Common mode rejection ratio VIN = ±3V 48 57 dB VIN+ = ±3V VIN+ = ±3V, IOUT = 740mA 1800 k⍀ 1 2 M⍀ ±2.95 ±3.0 V mA Restore section, HOLD = low unless otherwise stated VOSCOMP Composite input offset voltage, from VREF = 0V VREF to amplifier output IREF VREF input bias current IO-IN+ Input restore current available, pin 2 CMRR Common mode rejection ratio +PSRR -PSRR Negative power supply rejection ratio VHmin HOLD pin high logic level VLmax HOLD pin low logic level IIL Logic low input current HOLD = LOW 40 IIH Logic high input current HOLD = HIGH 12 0.3 7 mV 3 12 µA 180 300 600 µA 54 90 dB Positive power supply rejection ratio VCC = 5V±5%, VEE = -5V 50 60 dB VCC = 5V, VEE = -5V ±5% 50 60 dB Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 VREF = 0V VREF = ±2V 2 3 V 0.8 V 100 µA µA www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 AC electrical characteristics VCC = 5V, VEE = -5V, RF = 470V, G = 2, RLOAD = 150V, CLOAD = 10 pF, Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise stated. Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Amplifier section HOLD = high unless otherwise stated SR Slew rate VOUT = 2VPP 400 V/µs BW-3 Bandwidth, -3dB VOUT = 0.2VPP, G = 2 210 MHz BW-3 Bandwidth, -3dB VOUT = 0.2VPP, G = 1, RF = 820V 210 MHz BW0.1 Bandwidth, ±0.1dB VOUT = 0.2VPP 30 MHz dG Differential gain, NTSC HOLD = HIGH, f = 3.58 MHz, Differential phase, NTSC 280mV pk-pk, DC = -714 to +714 mV dP 0.08 % 0.1 deg 25 V/µs Restore section HOLD = low unless otherwise stated SR Slew rate tENH Time to enable hold 25 ns tDISH Time to disable hold 40 ns VOUT = 2VPP, CHOLD = 0.01µF (*) NOTES: (*) During power-up and power-down, these voltage ratings require that signals be applied only when the power supply is connected. (1) The voltage at the input to pin 2 should be limited to +2.7V for the best DC restoration accuracy. See later explanation under ‘Common-mode input range.’ Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 4 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Typical characteristics Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 5 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Typical characteristics (cont.) Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 6 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 ZXFV4089 detailed operating notes Introduction This device provides an uncommitted video feed-back amplifier together with a sample-hold system to allow restoration or level-shifting of the input waveform to a controlled DC level. The connection diagram, Figure 1 shows a typical video signal application. No output termination is shown in the diagram, but if desired the output can drive a 75⍀ cable via a 75⍀ series terminating resistor. Amplifier configuration The main amplifier uses current feedback in a non-inverting configuration. Two external resistors are required to set the gain. An external reference, VREF, normally ground, is used to set the new DC level of the video signal. The input video signal is applied via an external input AC coupling capacitor, which is used to store a DC control level when the sample-hold switch is open. Typically an external sampling pulse (active low) is applied to the HOLD input. During this pulse, the sample-hold switch is closed. This completes the DC feedback loop and the stored level is driven towards a new value. At the end of the sampling pulse, the switch opens again and the DC level remains close to the new established value until the next sample pulse. The sample-hold charging current is limited to 300µA. Therefore the convergence towards the steady condition is typically slow, but after several HOLD pulse cycles, the DC level settles closely to the Reference level at the V REF input. The sample-hold loop contains the video amplifier within its path, and also includes an additional sample-hold sense amplifier that compares VREF with the output voltage using an internal lowpass filter. In the high state, the switch is open and the average DC level remains fixed apart from a small drift due to the input bias current of the amplifier and switch leakage (see below). DC restoration The HOLD input is a TTL compatible signal that is buffered and controls the sample-hold switch. A logic LOW state closes the switch and so enables the feedback control loop to set the output level equal to VREF (usually ground). The level of DC shift is maintained when the logic control returns to the HIGH state and the switch opens. In this way the whole waveform is conditionally level shifted, or 'restored' to the new DC level. Figure 2 shows the response of the circuit to a stationary or very slowly varying waveform with an initial voltage offset difference between V+ and VREF, applied to the input coupling capacitor, when the HOLD input is cycled with a repetitive pulse waveform. When the HOLD input is at a logic LOW level, the signal input V+ is driven towards VREF. After a number of cycles, the waveform settles to the DC stabilised value. The waveform is unaffected during the logic HIGH interval of the HOLD input. Figure 2 Response to slow input signal Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 7 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Figure 3 shows a portion of a typical video waveform, where the sample pulse is synchronised to fall within the back porch interval. This can for example be achieved using the Zetex ZXFV4583 sync separator to derive the pulse as in the evaluation circuit described in the data sheet for that part. Again, during the logic LOW period of the HOLD input, the waveform is driven towards VREF. Eventually, after a few line scans, the video waveform is stabilised with the back porch level equal to VREF and this condition is maintained despite any small changes in the input waveform. In the video application, the HOLD input state will be HIGH during the picture line sweep and a negative-going sampling pulse of typically 1.2µs duration will be applied during a central portion of the back porch interval, so that the back porch or 'Black' level is clamped to VREF (typically ground). Figure 3 Response to typical video signal If desired, by changing the external pulse timing the signal may be restored such that the sync tip voltage is clamped to VREF instead of the back porch. In either case, for each line scan, this gives a brightness level consistent with that of the original camera signal, despite the AC coupling. The value of the coupling capacitor affects two main characteristics of the circuit: 1. DC level acquisition change 2. DC level droop DC level acquisition change In the restore mode the available charging current, together with the capacitor value, determines the maximum DC voltage correction which can be applied at each sample. For a charging current limit of 300µA applied for 1.2µs, the charge injected is: Qmax = 300µA x 1.2µs = 360pC Then the maximum voltage shift correction is: Vmax = Qmax/C = 360pC / 0.01µF = 36mV Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 8 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 DC level droop In the hold state, a small voltage drift is caused by leakage from the sample-hold circuit and bias current from the main amplifier charging or discharging the coupling capacitor. The drift rate is equal to the bias/leakage current of up to about 1µA divided by the coupling capacitor value. For a coupling capacitor of 0.01µF the drift rate is then up to ±100µV/µs. For a typical video line scan the switch remains open for the rest of the scan duration, or about 62µs. The drift at the end of the line scan has therefore accumulated to about 6.2mV. This is acceptable for most applications, but if desired it can be reduced by increasing the value of the coupling capacitor. This will result in a proportionately smaller value of the maximum available correction voltage at each scan as described above. Normally, once settled, the video system requires only a very small correction at each scan, so this will not present any problem. Supply filtering and printed circuit layout In the applied circuit, the power filtering and printed layout design needs special attention as is appropriate for a high-speed analog circuit. For each supply lead, use a leadless ceramic chip capacitor placed very close to the device power pin. A value of 0.1µF is recommended. In addition, a larger value capacitor, which should be ceramic or solid tantalum construction, with a value of 1 to 10µF, is also recommended for connection to each supply fairly close to the device. The layout naturally requires some short interconnections on the component side (top copper layer) and a continuous ground plane should be provided on another layer with plated via holes providing low inductance ground connections for the device and other components. The amplifier frequency response is affected to some extent by stray capacitance at the inverting input at pin 1. This effect can be minimised by providing a small cut-out area in the ground plane and other layers around pin 1, though this may not always be necessary for the application. Further Applications Information The ZXFV4089 is a high speed device requiring the appropriate care in the layout of the application printed circuit board. A continuous ground plane construction is preferred. Suitable power supply decoupling suggested includes a 100nF leadless ceramic capacitor close to the power supply connections at pin 8 and pin 6. As stated earlier the main video amplifier of the ZXFV4089 is a current feedback amplifier. Compared to a voltage-feedback amplifier, current feedback provides better bandwidths at higher gains and also much faster slew rates. To optimize performance from a current feedback amplifier choice of feedback resistor is very important. In this case, typically the device will be used with a voltage gain of two, using two resistors of 1k⍀ as in Figure 1. Stray capacitance at the inverting input node of this circuit can affect frequency and pulse response, so the printed circuit layout should take account of this. Place the feedback resistors as close as possible to the inverting input pin and minimize the printed metal connected to this pin. Common-mode input range The signal input voltage range is determined partly by the common-mode input range of the main amplifier. The amplifier configuration is non-inverting, and so the inverting input will follow the signal input voltage. It is also necessary to observe the maximum limit on the value of VREF (±2V) which is less than the amplifier input voltage range. Therefore the input range of the system is limited to this value. In addition the restore amplifier voltage input range is restricted to a similar value. Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 9 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Attention is drawn to the footnote of the DC electrical characteristics table, regarding input signal amplitude. The video signal is ac coupled into the main amplifier and clamped to VREF. As a result of this the actual voltage seen by the device input at pin 2 is the sum of VREF plus the video input signal voltage excursion above VREF (when clamping the back porch, this excursion is normally the luminance waveform of up to about 0.72V white level). At a particular positive value at pin 2 close to 2.7V, the leakage current of the Sample-hold switch increases causing an increase in the droop rate. Therefore, for example, a reference voltage of 2V with a peak white video signal of 0.7V could result in increased restoration error arising from the increased DC offset. If pin 2 is driven above +2.7V peak voltage the DC restoration accuracy could be affected and care should be taken in this respect. When using 0.7V luminance, this is consistent with the maximum recommended reference voltage of +2V. Evaluation circuit An evaluation circuit is available to allow demonstration of the video black-level clamping function. The circuit uses the Zetex ZXFV4583 sync separator circuit to provide the HOLD function timing signal. This circuit is described in the datasheet for ZXFV4583. To order the evaluation board, ask for ZXFV4583EV. Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 10 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Package outline - SO8 DIM Inches Millimeters Min. Max. Min. Max. DIM Inches Min. Millimeters Max. 0.050 BSC Min. Max. A 0.053 0.069 1.35 1.75 e A1 0.004 0.010 0.10 0.25 b 0.013 0.020 0.33 1.27 BSC 0.51 D 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00 c 0.008 0.010 0.19 0.25 H 0.228 0.244 5.80 6.20 ⍜ 0° 8° 0° 8° E 0.150 0.157 3.80 4.00 h 0.010 0.020 0.25 0.50 L 0.016 0.050 0.40 1.27 - - - - - Note: Controlling dimensions are in inches. Approximate dimensions are provided in millimeters Issue 4 - December 2008 © Diodes Incorporated 2008 11 www.zetex.com www.diodes.com ZXFV4089 Definitions Product change Diodes Incorporated reserves the right to alter, without notice, specifications, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service. Customers are solely responsible for obtaining the latest relevant information before placing orders. Applications disclaimer The circuits in this design/application note are offered as design ideas. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the circuit is fit for the user’s application and meets with the user’s requirements. No representation or warranty is given and no liability whatsoever is assumed by Diodes Inc. with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Diodes Inc. does not assume any legal responsibility or will not be held legally liable (whether in contract, tort (including negligence), breach of statutory duty, restriction or otherwise) for any damages, loss of profit, business, contract, opportunity or consequential loss in the use of these circuit applications, under any circumstances. Life support Diodes Zetex products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Reproduction The product specifications contained in this publication are issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. Terms and Conditions All products are sold subjects to Diodes Inc. terms and conditions of sale, and this disclaimer (save in the event of a conflict between the two when the terms of the contract shall prevail) according to region, supplied at the time of order acknowledgement. For the latest information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact your nearest Diodes Zetex sales office. Quality of product Diodes Zetex Semconductors Limited is an ISO 9001 and TS16949 certified semiconductor manufacturer. To ensure quality of service and products we strongly advise the purchase of parts directly from Diodes Inc. or one of our regionally authorized distributors. For a complete listing of authorized distributors please visit: www.zetex.com or www.diodes.com Diodes Inc. does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any parts purchased through unauthorized sales channels. ESD (Electrostatic discharge) Semiconductor devices are susceptible to damage by ESD. Suitable precautions should be taken when handling and transporting devices. The possible damage to devices depends on the circumstances of the handling and transporting, and the nature of the device. The extent of damage can vary from immediate functional or parametric malfunction to degradation of function or performance in use over time. Devices suspected of being affected should be replaced. Green compliance Diodes Inc. is committed to environmental excellence in all aspects of its operations which includes meeting or exceeding regulatory requirements with respect to the use of hazardous substances. Numerous successful programs have been implemented to reduce the use of hazardous substances and/or emissions. All Diodes Zetex components are compliant with the RoHS directive, and through this it is supporting its customers in their compliance with WEEE and ELV directives. Product status key: “Preview” Future device intended for production at some point. Samples may be available “Active” Product status recommended for new designs “Last time buy (LTB)” Device will be discontinued and last time buy period and delivery is in effect “Not recommended for new designs” Device is still in production to support existing designs and production “Obsolete” Production has been discontinued Datasheet status key: “Draft version” This term denotes a very early datasheet version and contains highly provisional information, which may change in any manner without notice. “Provisional version” This term denotes a pre-release datasheet. It provides a clear indication of anticipated performance. However, changes to the test conditions and specifications may occur, at any time and without notice. “Issue” This term denotes an issued datasheet containing finalized specifications. However, changes to specifications may occur, at any time and without notice. Sales offices The Americas Europe Taiwan Shanghai Shenzhen Korea 3050 E. 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