1.65 GHz Clock Fanout Buffer with Output Dividers and Delay Adjust AD9508 Data Sheet FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 1.65 GHz differential clock inputs/outputs 10-bit programmable dividers, 1 to 1024, all integers Up to 4 differential outputs or 8 CMOS outputs Pin strapping capability for hardwired programming at power-up <115 fs rms broadband random jitter (see Figure 25) Additive output jitter: 41 fs rms typical (12 kHz to 20 MHz) Excellent output-to-output isolation Automatic synchronization of all outputs Single 2.5 V/3.3 V power supply Internal LDO (low drop-out) voltage regulator for enhanced power supply immunity Phase offset select for output-to-output coarse delay adjust 3 programmable output logic levels, LVDS, HSTL, and CMOS Serial control port (SPI/I2C) or pin-programmable mode Space-saving 24-lead LFCSP AD9508 DIV/Φ CLK DIV/Φ CLK DIV/Φ SCLK/SCL/SC0 SDIO/SDA/S1 SDO/S3 CS/C2 DIV/Φ CONTROL INTERFACE SPI/I2C/PINS PIN CONTROL RESET OUT0 OUT0 OUT1 OUT1 OUT2 OUT2 OUT3 OUT3 SYNC 11161-001 FEATURES Figure 1. APPLICATIONS Low jitter, low phase noise clock distribution Clocking high speed ADCs, DACs, DDSs, DDCs, DUCs, MxFEs High performance wireless transceivers High performance instrumentation Broadband infrastructure GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD9508 provides clock fanout capability in a design that emphasizes low jitter to maximize system performance. This device benefits applications like clocking data converters with demanding phase noise and low jitter requirements. Each output has a programmable divider that can be bypassed or be set to divide by any integer up to 1024. In addition, the AD9508 supports a coarse output phase adjustment between the outputs. There are four independent differential clock outputs, each with various types of logic levels available. Available logic types include LVDS (1.65 GHz), HSTL (1.65 GHz), and 1.8 V CMOS (250 MHz). In 1.8 V CMOS output mode, the differential output becomes two CMOS single-ended signals. The CMOS outputs are 1.8 V logic levels, regardless of the operating supply voltage. The device can also be pin programmed for various fixed configurations at power-up without the need for SPI or I2C programming. Rev. A The AD9508 is available in a 24-lead LFCSP and operates from a either a single 2.5 V or 3.3 V supply. The temperature range is −40°C to +85°C. Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 ©2013 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Technical Support www.analog.com AD9508 Data Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Programming Mode Selection.................................................. 21 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Clock Input.................................................................................. 21 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Clock Dividers ............................................................................ 23 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Phase Delay Control .................................................................. 23 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Reset Modes ................................................................................ 23 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Power-Down Mode .................................................................... 23 Electrical Characteristics ............................................................. 3 Output Clock Synchronization ................................................. 24 Power Supply Current and Temperature Conditions .............. 3 Power Supply............................................................................... 24 Clock Inputs and Output DC Specifications ............................ 4 Thermally Enhanced Package Mounting Guidelines ............ 24 Output Driver Timing Characteristics ...................................... 5 Pin Strapping to Program Upon Power-Up ................................ 25 Logic Inputs ................................................................................... 6 Serial Control Port ......................................................................... 26 Serial Port Specifications—SPI Mode........................................ 6 SPI/I²C Port Selection................................................................ 26 Serial Port Specifications—I C Mode ........................................ 7 SPI Serial Port Operation .......................................................... 26 External Resistor Values For Pin Strapping Mode ................... 8 I2C Serial Port Operation .......................................................... 29 Clock Output Additive Phase Noise .......................................... 8 Register Map ................................................................................... 32 Clock Output Additive Time Jitter ............................................. 9 Register Map Bit Descriptions ...................................................... 33 Absolute Maximum Ratings ..................................................... 10 Serial Port Configuration (Register 0x00) .............................. 33 Thermal Characteristics ............................................................ 10 Silicon Revision (Register 0x0A to Register 0x0D) ............... 33 ESD Caution ................................................................................ 10 Chip Level Functions (Register 0x12 to Register 0x14) ........ 33 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ........................... 11 OUT0 Functions (Register 0x15 to Register 0x1A) ............... 34 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 13 OUT1 Functions (Register 0x1B to Register 0x20) ............... 35 Test Circuits ..................................................................................... 19 OUT2 Functions (Register 0x21 to Register 0x26) ................ 36 Input/Output Termination Recommendations ...................... 19 OUT3 Functions (Register 0x27 to Register 0x2C) ............... 37 Terminology .................................................................................... 20 Packaging and Ordering Information ......................................... 38 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 21 Outline Dimensions ................................................................... 38 Detailed Block Diagram ............................................................ 21 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 38 2 REVISION HISTORY 4/13—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to Table 9 ............................................................................ 9 Changes to Figure 10 ...................................................................... 14 Changes to Figure 15 ...................................................................... 15 Changes to Figure 24 and Figure 26............................................. 16 Changes to Figure 27, Figure 29 to Figure 32 ............................. 17 Changes to Figure 33 ...................................................................... 18 1/13—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 40 Data Sheet AD9508 SPECIFICATIONS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Typical values are given for VS = 3.3 V and 2.5 V and TA = 25°C; minimum and maximum values are given over the full VDD = 3.3 V + 5% down to 2.5 V − 5% and TA = −40°C to +85°C variation; and input slew rate > 1 V/ns, unless otherwise noted. POWER SUPPLY CURRENT AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS Table 1. Parameter SUPPLY VOLTAGE Min 2.375 CURRENT CONSUMPTION LVDS Configuration HSTL Configuration CMOS Configuration Full Power-Down TEMPERATURE Ambient Temperature Range, TA Junction Temperature, TJ −40 Typ 2.5 Max 3.465 Unit V Test Conditions/Comments Use supply voltage setting (2.5 V or 3.3 V) and appropriate current consumption configuration (see Current Consumption parameters in Table 1) to calculate total power dissipation 152 168 mA 122 134 mA 182 200 mA 118 131 mA 92 101 mA 141 185 mA 122 134 mA 85 94 mA Input clock: 1500 MHz in differential mode, all LVDS output drivers at 1500 MHz Input clock: 800 MHz in differential mode, all LVDS output drivers at 200 MHz Input clock: 1500 MHz in differential mode, all HSTL output drivers at 1500 MHz Input clock: 491.52 MHz in differential mode, all output drivers at 491.52 MHz Input clock: 122.88 MHz in differential mode, all output drivers at 122.88 MHz Input clock: 1500 MHz in differential mode, all CMOS output drivers at 250 MHz, 10 pF load Input clock: 800 MHz in differential mode, all CMOS outputs drivers at 200 MHz, 10 pF load Input clock: 100 MHz in differential mode, all CMOS outputs drivers at 100 MHz, 10 pF load 6 10 mA +25 +85 115 °C °C Rev. A | Page 3 of 40 Junction temperatures above 115°C can degrade performance but no damage should occur, unless the absolute temperature is exceeded AD9508 Data Sheet CLOCK INPUTS AND OUTPUT DC SPECIFICATIONS Table 2. Parameter CLOCK INPUTS Differential Mode Input Frequency Input Sensitivity Input Common-Mode Voltage Input Voltage Offset DC-Coupled Input CommonMode Range Pulse Width Low High Input Resistance (Differential) Input Capacitance Input Bias Current (Each Pin) CMOS CLOCK MODE (SINGLE-ENDED) Input Frequency Input Voltage High Low Input Current High Low Input Capacitance LVDS CLOCK OUTPUTS Output Frequency Output Voltage Differential Symbol Min Typ 0 360 VICM 0.95 VCMR 0.58 1.05 Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments 1650 2200 MHz mV p-p 1.15 V Differential input As measured with a differential probe; jitter performance improves with higher slew rates (greater voltage swing) Input pins are internally self biased, which enables ac coupling 1.67 mV V 30 303 303 5.0 7 2 CIN 100 VIH VIL 400 ps ps kΩ pF µA 250 MHz VDD/2 + 0.15 V V 9 VDD/2 − 0.15 IINH IINL CIN 1 Full input swing µA µA pF −142 2 Termination = 100 Ω differential (OUTx, OUTx) VOD Delta VOD ΔVOD Offset Voltage Delta VOS VOS ΔVOS Short-Circuit Current LVDS Duty Cycle ISA, ISB 247 1.125 1650 454 MHz mV 50 mV 1.18 1.375 50 V mV 13.6 24 55 61 mA % % % 1650 978 971 55 60 MHz mV mV % % % 375 45 39 50.1 HSTL CLOCK OUTPUTS Output Frequency Differential Output Voltage Common-Mode Output Voltage HSTL Duty Cycle This is the allowable common-mode voltage range when dc-coupled VO VOCM 859 905 45 40 925 940 50.9 Rev. A | Page 4 of 40 VOH − VOL measurement across a differential pair at the default amplitude setting with output driver not toggling; see Figure 6 for variation over frequency This is the absolute value of the difference between VOD when the normal output is high vs. when the complementary output is high (VOH + VOL)/2 across a differential pair This is the absolute value of the difference between VOS when the normal output is high vs. when the complementary output is high Each pin (output shorted to GND) Up to 750 MHz input 750 MHz to1500 MHz input 1650 MHz input 100 Ω across differential pair; default amplitude setting VOH − VOL with output driver static (VOH + VOL)/2 with output driver static Up to 750 MHz input 750 MHz to 1500 MHz input 1650 MHz input Data Sheet Parameter CMOS CLOCK OUTPUTS AD9508 Symbol Min Typ Output Frequency Output Voltage @ 1 mA Load High Low @ 10 mA load High Low @ 10 mA Load (2 × CMOS Mode) High Low CMOS Duty Cycle VOH VOL 1.7 VOH VOL 1.2 VOH VOL 1.45 45 Max Unit 250 MHz 0.1 V V 0.6 V V 0.35 55 V V % Test Conditions/Comments Single-ended; termination = open; OUTx and OUTx in phase With 10 pF load per output, see Figure 14 for swing vs. frequency Up to 250 MHz OUTPUT DRIVER TIMING CHARACTERISTICS Table 3. Parameter LVDS OUTPUTS Output Rise/Fall Time Propagation Delay, Clock-to-LVDS Output Temperature Coefficient Output Skew 1 All LVDS Outputs On the Same Part Across Multiple Parts HSTL OUTPUTS Output Rise/Fall Time Propagation Delay, Clock-to-HSTL Output Temperature Coefficient Output Skew1 All HSTL Outputs On the Same Part Across Multiple Parts CMOS OUTPUTS Output Rise/Fall Time Propagation Delay, Clock-to-CMOS Output Temperature Coefficient Output Skew1 All CMOS Outputs On the Same Part Across Multiple Parts Symbol Min Typ Max Unit tR , tF tPD 1.56 152 2.01 2.8 177 2.43 ps ns ps/°C 48 781 ps ps 143 2.5 ps ns ps/°C 59 825 ps ps 1.45 3.07 ns ns ps/°C 112 965 ps ps tR , tF tPD tR, tF tPD 1.59 2.04 118 2.05 2.9 1.18 2.56 3.3 Rev. A | Page 5 of 40 Test Conditions/Comments Termination = 100 Ω differential, 1 × LVDS 20% to 80% measured differentially Assumes same temperature and supply; takes into account worst-case propagation delay delta due to worst-case process variation Termination = 100 Ω differential, 1 × HSTL 20% to 80% measured differentially Assumes same temperature and supply; takes into account worst-case propagation delay delta due to worst-case process variation 20% to 80%; CLOAD = 10 pF 10 pF load Assumes same temperature and supply; takes into account worst-case propagation delay delta due to worstcase process variation AD9508 Data Sheet Parameter OUTPUT LOGIC SKEW1 LVDS Output(s) and HSTL Output(s) 1 Symbol Min Typ Max Unit 77 119 ps LVDS Output(s) and CMOS Output(s) 497 700 ps HSTL Output(s) and CMOS Output(s) 424 622 ps Test Conditions/Comments CMOS load = 10 pF and LVDS load = 100 Ω Outputs on the same device; assumes worst-case output combination Outputs on the same device; assumes worst-case output combination Outputs on the same device; assumes worst-case output combination Output skew is the difference between any two similar delay paths while operating at the same voltage and temperature. LOGIC INPUTS Table 4. Parameter Symbol Min LOGIC INPUTS RESET, SYNC, IN_SEL Input Voltage High VIH 1.7 2.0 Low Input Current Input Capacitance Typ Max VIL IINH, IINL CIN 0.7 0.8 +100 −300 2 Unit Test Conditions/Comments V V V V µA pF 2.5 V supply voltage operation 3.3 V supply voltage operation 2.5 V supply voltage operation 3.3 V supply voltage operation SERIAL PORT SPECIFICATIONS—SPI MODE Table 5. Parameter CS Input Voltage Logic 1 Logic 0 Input Current Logic 1 Logic 0 Input Capacitance SCLK Input Voltage Logic 1 Logic 0 Input Current Logic 1 Logic 0 Input Capacitance SDIO As Input Input Voltage Logic 1 Logic 0 Input Current Logic 1 Logic 0 Input Capacitance Min Typ Max Unit 0.4 V V VDD − 0.4 −4 −85 2 µA µA µA VDD − 0.4 0.4 70 13 2 µA µA pF VDD − 0.4 0.4 −1 −1 2 V V V V µA µA pF Rev. A | Page 6 of 40 Test Conditions/Comments SCLK has a 200 kΩ internal pull-down resistor Data Sheet Parameter As Output Output Voltage Logic 1 Logic 0 SDO Output Voltage Logic 1 Logic 0 TIMING SCLK Clock Rate, 1/tCLK Pulse Width High, tHIGH Pulse Width Low, tLOW SDIO to SCLK Setup, tDS SCLK to SDIO Hold, tDH SCLK to Valid SDIO and SDO, tDV CS to SCLK Setup (tS) CS to SCLK Hold (tC) CS Minimum Pulse Width High E A E A A E A A AD9508 Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments 0.4 V V 1 mA load current 1 mA load current 0.4 V V 1 mA load current 1 mA load current VDD − 0.4 VDD − 0.4 30 4.6 3.5 2.9 0 15 3.4 0 3.4 MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns SERIAL PORT SPECIFICATIONS—I2C MODE Table 6. Parameter SDA, SCL (AS INPUT) Input Voltage Logic 1 Logic 0 Input Current Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger Inputs SDA (AS OUTPUT) Output Logic 0 Voltage Output Fall Time from VIH (MIN) to VIL (MAX) TIMING SCL Clock Rate Bus-Free Time Between a Stop and Start Condition, tBUF Repeated Start Condition Setup Time, tSU; STA Repeated Hold Time Start Condition, tHD; STA Stop Condition Setup Time, tSU; STO Low Period of the SCL Clock, tLOW High Period of the SCL Clock, tHIGH Data Setup Time, tSU; DAT Data Hold Time, tHD; DAT Min Typ Max Unit 0.4 0 V V µA mV 0.4 250 V ns 400 kHz µs 0.6 0.6 µs µs 0.6 1.3 0.6 100 0 µs µs µs ns µs VDD − 0.4 −40 150 1.3 0.9 Rev. A | Page 7 of 40 Test Conditions/Comments For VIN = 10% to 90% DVDD3 IO = 3 mA 10 pF ≤ Cb ≤ 400 pF After this period, the first clock pulse is generated AD9508 Data Sheet EXTERNAL RESISTOR VALUES FOR PIN STRAPPING MODE Table 7. Parameter EXTERNAL RESISTORS Voltage Level 0 Voltage Level 1 Voltage Level 2 Voltage Level 3 Voltage Level 4 Voltage Level 5 Voltage Level 6 Voltage Level 7 Resistor Polarity Min Pull down to ground Pull down to ground Pull down to ground Pull down to ground Pull up to VDD Pull up to VDD Pull up to VDD Pull up to VDD Typ Max 820 1.8 3.9 8.2 820 1.8 3.9 8.2 Unit Test Conditions/Comments Using 10% tolerance resistor Ω kΩ kΩ kΩ Ω kΩ kΩ kΩ CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE Table 8. Parameter CLK-TO-HSTL OR LVDS ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE CLK = 1474.56 MHz, OUTx = 1474.56 MHz Divide Ratio = 1 @ 10 Hz Offset @ 100 Hz Offset @ 1 kHz Offset @ 10 kHz Offset @ 100 kHz Offset @ 1 MHz Offset @ 10 MHz Offset @ 100 MHz Offset CLK-TO-HSTL OR LVDS or CMOS ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE CLK = 625 MHz, OUTx = 125 MHz Divide Ratio = 5 @ 10 Hz Offset @ 100 Hz Offset @ 1 kHz Offset @ 10 kHz Offset @ 100 kHz Offset @ 1 MHz Offset @ 10 MHz Offset @ 20 MHz Offset CLK-TO-HSTL OR LVDS ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE CLK = 491.52 MHz, OUTx = 491.52 MHz Divide Ratio = 1 @ 10 Hz Offset @ 100 Hz Offset @ 1 kHz Offset @ 10 kHz Offset @ 100 kHz Offset @ 1 MHz Offset @ 10 MHz Offset @ 20 MHz Offset Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments Input slew rate > 1 V/ns −88 −100 −109 −116 −135 −144 −148 −149 dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns −114 −125 −133 −141 −159 −162 −163 −163 dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns −100 −111 −120 −127 −146 −153 −153 −153 Rev. A | Page 8 of 40 dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz Data Sheet AD9508 CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER Table 9. Parameter LVDS OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER CLK = 622.08 MHz, Outputs = 622.08 MHz CLK = 622.08 MHz, Outputs = 155.52 MHz CLK = 125 MHz, Outputs = 125 MHz CLK = 400 MHz, Outputs = 50 MHz HSTL OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER CLK = 622.08 MHz, Outputs = 622.08 MHz CLK = 622.08 MHz, Outputs = 155.52 MHz CMOS OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER CLK = 100 MHz, Outputs = 100 MHz Min Typ Unit Test Conditions/Comments 41 70 69 93 144 142 105 209 206 184 fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz BW = 20 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 50 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz BW = 20 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 50 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz BW = 20 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 50 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz 41 56 72 70 76 87 158 156 fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms fs rms BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz BW = 100 Hz to 20 MHz BW = 20 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 50 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz BW = 100 Hz to 20 MHz BW = 20 kHz to 80 MHz BW = 50 kHz to 80 MHz 91 fs rms BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz Rev. A | Page 9 of 40 Max AD9508 Data Sheet ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 10. Parameter Supply Voltage (VDD) Maximum Digital Input Voltage CLK and CLK Maximum Digital Output Voltage Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) Junction Temperature Rating 3.6 V −0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V −0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V −0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V −65°C to +150°C −40°C to +85°C 300°C 150°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Values of θJC are provided for package comparison and PCB design considerations when an external heat sink is required. Values of θJB are provided for package comparison and PCB design considerations. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Thermal characteristics established using JEDEC51-7 and JEDEC51-5 2S2P test boards. Table 11. Thermal Characteristics, 24-Lead LFCSP Symbol θJA θJMA θJMA The following equation determines the junction temperature on the application PCB: θJB TJ = TCASE + (ΨJT × PD) where: TJ is the junction temperature (°C). TCASE is the case temperature (°C) measured by the customer at the top center of the package. ΨJT is the value as indicated in Table 11. PD is the power dissipation. Values of θJA are provided for package comparison and PCB design considerations. θJA can be used for a first-order approximation of TJ by the following equation: TJ = TA + (θJA × PD) θJC ΨJT 1 2 Thermal Characteristic (JEDEC51-7 and JEDEC51-5 2S2P Test Boards1) Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance per JEDEC JESD51-2 (still air) Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, 1.0 m/sec airflow per JEDEC JESD51-6 (moving air) Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, 2.5 m/sec airflow per JEDEC JESD51-6 (moving air) Junction-to-board thermal resistance per JEDEC JESD51-8 (still air) Junction-to-case thermal resistance (die-to-heat sink) per MIL-STD-883, Method 1012.1 Junction-to-top-of-package characterization parameter per JEDEC JESD51-2 (still air) Value2 43.5 Unit °C/W 40 °C/W 38.5 °C/W 16.2 °C/W 7.1 °C/W 0.33 °C/W The exposed pad on the bottom of the package must be soldered to ground (VSS) to achieve the specified thermal performance. Results are from simulations. The PCB is a JEDEC multilayer type. Thermal performance for actual applications requires careful inspection of the conditions in the application to determine if they are similar to those assumed in these calculations. where TA is the ambient temperature (°C). ESD CAUTION Rev. A | Page 10 of 40 Data Sheet AD9508 20 SYNC 19 SCLK/SCL/S0 21 CLK 22 CLK 24 SDIO/SDA/S1 23 IN_SEL PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 18 RESET CS/S2 1 OUT0 2 17 OUT3 OUT0 3 AD9508 SDO/S3 4 TOP VIEW 16 OUT3 15 PROG_SEL EXT_CAP0 5 14 EXT_CAP1 VDD 6 NOTES 1. THE EXPOSED DIE PAD MUST BE CONNECTED TO GROUND (VSS). 11161-002 OUT2 12 OUT2 11 S4 9 S5 10 OUT1 8 OUT1 7 13 VDD Figure 2. Pin Configuration Table 12. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 Mnemonic CS/S2 2 3 4 OUT0 OUT0 SDO/S3 5 6 7 8 9 EXT_CAP0 VDD OUT1 OUT1 S4 10 S5 11 12 13 14 15 OUT2 OUT2 VDD EXT_CAP1 PROG_SEL 16 17 OUT3 OUT3 Description Chip Select/Pin Programming. Multipurpose pin. This pin is controlled by the PROG_SEL pin. Chip Select (CS) is an active logic low CMOS input used in the SPI operation mode. When programming a device via SPI mode, CS must be held low. In systems where more than one AD9508 is present, this pin enables individual programming of each AD9508. In pin programming mode, this pin becomes S2. In this mode, S2 is hard wired with a resistor to either VDD or ground. The resistor value and resistor biasing determine the channel divider value for the outputs on Pin 11 and Pin 12. See the Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up section for more details. LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Complementary LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Serial Data Output/Pin Programming. Multipurpose pin. This pin is controlled by the PROG_SEL pin. SDO is configured as an output to read back the internal register settings in SPI mode operation. In pin programming mode, this pin becomes S3, which is hard wired with a resistor to either VDD or ground. The resistor value and resistor biasing determine the channel divider value for the outputs on Pin 16 and Pin 17. See the Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up section for more details. Node for External Decoupling Capacitor for LDO. Tie this pin to a 0.47 μF capacitor to ground. Power Supply (2.5 V or 3.3 V Operation). LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Complementary LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Pin Programming. Use this pin in pin programming mode only. The PROG_SEL pin determines which programming mode is used. In pin programming mode, S4 is hardwired with a resistor to either VDD or ground. The resistor value and resistor biasing determine the output logic levels used for the outputs on Pin 2, Pin 3, Pin 7, and Pin 8. See the Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up section for more details. Pin Programming. Use this pin in pin programming mode only. The PROG_SEL pin determines which programming mode is used. In pin programming mode, S5 is hardwired with a resistor to either VDD or ground. The resistor value and resistor biasing determine the output logic levels used for the outputs on Pin 11, Pin 12, Pin 16, and Pin 17. See the Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up section for more details. LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Complementary LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Power Supply (2.5 V or 3.3 V Operation). Node for External Decoupling Capacitor for LDO. Tie this pin to a 0.47 μF capacitor to ground. Three-State CMOS Input. Pin 15 selects the type of device programming interface to be used (SPI, I2C, or pin programming). LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Complementary LVDS/HSTL Differential Output or Single-Ended CMOS Output. Rev. A | Page 11 of 40 AD9508 Pin No. 18 Data Sheet Mnemonic RESET E A Description CMOS Input. Device Reset. When this active low pin is asserted, the internal register settings enter their default state after the RESET is released. Note that RESET also serves as a power-down of the device while an active low signal is applied to the pin. The RESET pin has an internal 24 kΩ pull-up resistor. Serial Programming Clock/Data Clock/Programming Pin. Multipurpose pin controlled by the PROG_SEL pin used for serial programming clock (SCLK) in SPI mode or data clock (SCL) for serial programming in I2C Mode. The PROG_SEL pin determines which programming mode is used. In pin programming mode, this pin becomes S0. In this mode, S0 is hardwired with a resistor to either VDD or ground. The resistor value and resistor biasing determine the channel divider values for the outputs on Pin 2 and Pin 3. See the Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up section for more details. Clock Synchronization. When this pin is active low, the output drivers are held static and then synchronized on a low-to-high transition of this pin. The SYNC pin has an internal 24 kΩ pull-up resistor. Differential Clock Input or Single-Ended CMOS Input. Whether this pin serves as the differential clock input or the single-ended CMOS input depends on the logic state of the IN_SEL pin. Complementary Differential Clock Input. CMOS Input. A logic high configures the CLK and CLK inputs for a differential input signal. A logic low configures the input for single-ended CMOS applied to the CLK pin. AC-couple the unused CLK to ground with a 0.1 μF capacitor. Serial Data Input and Output (SPI)/Serial Data (I2C)/Pin Programming. Pin 24 is a multipurpose input controlled by the PROG_SEL pin used for SPI (SDIO), I2C (SDA), and pin strapping modes (S1). When the device is in 4-wire SPI mode, data is written via SDIO. In 3-wire mode, both data reads and writes occur on this pin. There is no internal pull-up/pull-down resistor on this pin. In I2C mode, SDA serves as the serial data pin. The PROG_SEL pin determines which programming mode is used. In pin programming mode, this pin becomes S1. In this mode, S1 is hardwired with a resistor to either VDD or ground. The resistor value and resistor biasing determine the channel divider values for the outputs on Pin 7 and Pin 8. See the Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up section for more details. Exposed Pad. The exposed die pad must be connected to ground (VSS). E A E A A A E A 19 20 SCLK/SCL/S0 SYNC E A A E A 21 22 23 CLK CLK IN_SEL E A A E A A E A 24 SDIO/SDA/S1 EP Rev. A | Page 12 of 40 A Data Sheet AD9508 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 700 600 TIME (250ps/DIV) 400 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 11161-006 500 11161-003 VOLTAGE (100mV/DIV) DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT SWING (mV p-p) 800 1500 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 6. LVDS Differential Output Swing vs. Frequency Figure 3. LVDS Differential Output Waveform @ 800 MHz TIME (1.5ns/DIV) 780 760 740 720 700 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 11161-008 11161-004 VOLTAGE (100mV/DIV) DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT SWING (mV p-p) 800 3.5 POWER SUPPLY (V) Figure 7. LVDS Differential Output Swing vs. Power Supply Voltage Figure 4. LVDS Differential Output Waveform @ 156.25 MHz 200 2.4 ONE OUTPUT (mA) TWO OUTPUTS (mA) THREE OUTPUTS (mA) FOUR OUTPUTS (mA) PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 2.3 CURRENT (mA) 150 100 50 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600 Figure 5. Power Supply Current vs. Frequency and Number of Outputs Used, LVDS Rev. A | Page 13 of 40 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 INPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V p-p) Figure 8. LVDS Propagation Delay vs. Input Differential Voltage 11161-009 0 11161-005 1.8 AD9508 Data Sheet 2.6 VOLTAGE (300mV/DIV) PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (mV) TIME (5ns/DIV) 11161-010 1.4 300 Figure 12. CMOS Output Waveform @ 50 MHz with 10 pF Load Figure 9. LVDS Propagation Delay vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage 60 125 DIVIDER 1 DIVIDER 2 (FREQUENCY RANGE NORMALIZED FROM 0Hz TO 800MHz) DIVIDER 3 (FREQUENCY RANGE NORMALIZED FROM 0Hz TO 500MHz) ONE OUTPUT (mA) TWO OUTPUTS (mA) THREE OUTPUTS (mA) FOUR OUTPUTS (mA) FIVE OUTPUTS (mA) SIX OUTPUTS (mA) SEVEN OUTPUTS (mA) EIGHT OUTPUTS (mA) 100 CURRENT (mA) 55 50 75 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 FREQUENCY (MHz) 25 25 11161-011 40 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 FREQUENCY (MHz) 11161-014 50 45 Figure 13. Power Supply Current vs. Frequency vs. Number of Outputs Used, CMOS Figure 10. LVDS Output Duty Cycle vs. Output Frequency 1.9 300Ω LOAD 500Ω LOAD 750Ω LOAD 1kΩ LOAD 1.8 OUTPUT SWING (V p-p) VOLTAGE (300mV/DIV) 1.7 1.6 TIME (1.25ns/DIV) 1.4 0 50 100 150 200 250 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 11. CMOS Output Waveform @ 200 MHz with 10 pF Load Figure 14. CMOS Output Swing vs. Frequency and Resistive Load Rev. A | Page 14 of 40 11161-015 1.5 11161-012 DUTY CYCLE (%) 11161-013 1.6 Data Sheet AD9508 2.0 VOLTAGE (300mV/DIV) OUTPUT SWING (V p-p) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0 50 100 150 200 250 FREQUENCY (MHz) TIME (1.5ns/DIV) Figure 18. HSTL Differential Output Waveform @ 156.25 MHz 200 1.7 150 CURRENT (mA) 1.9 1.3 ONE OUTPUT (mA) TWO OUTPUTS (mA) THREE OUTPUTS (mA) FOUR OUTPUTS (mA) 100 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 16. CMOS Output Swing vs. Frequency and Capacitive Load (2 pF, 5 pF, 10 pF, 20 pF) 0 11161-017 1.1 0 400 800 1600 1200 FREQUENCY (MHz) 11161-020 2pF LOAD 5pF LOAD 10pF LOAD 20pF LOAD Figure 19. Power Supply Current vs. Frequency and Number of Outputs Used, HSTL 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 20. HSTL Differential Output Swing vs. Frequency Figure 17. HSTL Differential Output Waveform @ 800 MHz Rev. A | Page 15 of 40 11161-007 11161-018 TIME (250ps/DIV) DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT SWING (mV p-p) 2.0 VOLTAGE (300mV/DIV) OUTPUT SWING (V p-p) Figure 15. CMOS Output Swing vs. Frequency and Temperature (10 pF Load) 1.5 11161-019 1.0 11161-016 –40°C +25°C +85°C AD9508 Data Sheet 60 DIVIDER 1 DIVIDER 2 (FREQUENCY RANGE NORMALIZED FROM 0Hz TO 800MHz) DIVIDER 3 (FREQUENCY RANGE NORMALIZED FROM 0Hz TO 500MHz) 1.9 DUTY CYCLE (%) 55 1.8 1.7 50 45 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.3 POWER SUPPLY (V) 40 0 140 2.2 130 JITTER (fs rms) 2.3 2.1 2.0 100 1.8 90 80 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 INPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V p-p) 1000 1200 1400 1600 110 1.9 0.8 800 120 11161-022 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 150 0.6 600 Figure 24. HSTL Output Duty Cycle vs. Output Frequency 2.4 0.4 400 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 21. HSTL Differential Output Swing vs. Power Supply Voltage 1.7 0.2 200 0 2 4 6 8 10 SLEW RATE (V/ns) 11161-227 1.5 2.3 11161-024 1.6 11161-021 DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT SWING (mV p-p) 2.0 Figure 25. Additive Broadband Jitter vs. Input Slew Rate, LVDS, HSTL (Calculated from SNR of ADC Method) Figure 22. HSTL Propagation Delay vs. Input Differential Voltage –80 2.6 HSTL 155.52MHz HSTL 311.04MHz HSTL 622.08MHz –90 –100 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 –110 –120 –130 –140 –150 1.6 500 700 900 1100 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (mV) 1300 1500 Figure 23. HSTL Propagation Delay vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage Rev. A | Page 16 of 40 –170 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz) Figure 26. Absolute Phase Noise in HSTL Mode with Clock Input @ 622.08 MHz and Outputs = 622.08 MHz, 311.04 MHz, 155.52 MHz 11161-228 1.4 300 11161-023 –160 Data Sheet AD9508 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) –110 –120 –130 –140 1 –120 AMPLITUDE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. –116.04dBc/Hz –126.68dBc/Hz –135.27dBc/Hz –142.56dBc/Hz –159.42dBc/Hz –161.97dBc/Hz –164.55dBc/Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100.5kHz 1MHz 10MHz 2 –130 3 4 –140 –150 5 6 7 –160 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz) –170 10 Figure 27. Absolute Phase Noise in LVDS Mode with Clock Input @ 622.08 MHz and Outputs = 622.08 MHz, 311.04 MHz, 155.52 MHz 100 1k 10k 100k 1M –90 –90 –100 –100 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) –80 –110 –120 –130 –140 1 –110 2 –120 MARKER FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. –112.35dBc/Hz –118.81dBc/Hz –127.84dBc/Hz –135.97dBc/Hz –151.91dBc/Hz –157.87dBc/Hz –159.78dBc/Hz –157.88dBc/Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100.5kHz 1MHz 10MHz 20MHz 3 –130 4 –140 –150 –150 –160 –160 5 6 1000 100000 –170 10 11161-230 1 10000000 FREQUENCY OFFSET (MHz) 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 8 7 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 31. Additive Phase Noise with Clock Input = 622.08 MHz with HSTL Outputs = 155.52 MHz Figure 28. Absolute Phase Noise of Clock Source @ 622.08 MHz –80 –80 –90 2 –100 3 –110 4 –120 –130 MARKER FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. –89.57dBc/Hz –100.45dBc/Hz –109.97dBc/Hz –116.93dBc/Hz –135.33dBc/Hz –144.39dBc/Hz –148.66dBc/Hz –149.78dBc/Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz –90 1 –100 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) 1 5 –140 6 7 8 2 –110 –140 –160 –160 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 10M 100M Figure 29. Additive Phase Noise with Clock Input = 1474.56 MHz with HSTL Outputs = 1474.76 MHz 4 MARKER FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. –100.17dBc/Hz –109.18dBc/Hz –117.67dBc/Hz –124.94dBc/Hz –143.83dBc/Hz –151.64dBc/Hz –153.81dBc/Hz –152.87dBc/Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100.5kHz 1MHz 10MHz 20MHz –130 –150 –170 10 3 –120 –150 –170 10 11161-329 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) 100M Figure 30. Additive Phase Noise with Clock Input = 1500 MHz with HSTL Outputs = 100 MHz –80 –170 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 11161-129 100 11161-229 –160 10 11161-330 –150 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) –110 MARKER FREQUENCY 5 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 6 7 1M 10M 8 100M 11161-130 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) –80 LVDS 155.52MHz LVDS 311.04MHz LVDS 622.08MHz Figure 32. Additive Phase Noise with Clock Input = 622.08 MHz with LVDS Outputs = 622.08 MHz Rev. A | Page 17 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet –80 –90 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) –100 –110 1 –120 MARKER FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. –114.15dBc/Hz –127.18dBc/Hz –134.13dBc/Hz –141.63dBc/Hz –154.66dBc/Hz –155.37dBc/Hz –152.86dBc/Hz –153.09dBc/Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100.5kHz 1MHz 10MHz 20MHz 2 –130 3 4 –140 –150 5 6 100k 1M 7 8 –170 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 100M 11161-131 –160 Figure 33. Additive Phase Noise with Clock Input = 100 MHz with CMOS Outputs = 100 MHz Rev. A | Page 18 of 40 Data Sheet AD9508 TEST CIRCUITS INPUT/OUTPUT TERMINATION RECOMMENDATIONS 100Ω 0.1µF AD9508 DOWNSTREAM DEVICE WITH HIGH IMPEDANCE INPUT AND INTERNAL DC-BIAS CLK AD9508 100Ω 0.1µF HSTL OR LVDS CLK AD9508 11161-132 100Ω CLK Figure 34. Typical AC-Coupled or DC-Coupled LVDS or HSTL Configurations 11161-136 CLK Figure 38. AC-Coupled LVDS or HSTL Output Driver (100 Ω Resistor Can Go on Either Side of Decoupling Capacitors Placed As Close As Possible To The Destination Receiver) VCC Z0 = 50Ω CLK SINGLE-ENDED (NOT COUPLED) AD9508 AD9508 HSTL OR LVDS CLK LVDS OR 1.8V HSTL HIGH-IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL RECEIVER 100Ω 11161-137 Z0 = 50Ω VCC CLK 11161-133 AD9508 CLK Figure 35. Typical AC-Coupled or DC-Coupled CML Configurations Figure 39. DC-Coupled LVDS or HSTL Output Driver VS = 3.3V CLK 0.1µF 50Ω Z0 = 50Ω 82Ω 82Ω 50Ω VCC – 2V 0.1µF CLK AD9508 3.3V LVPECL SINGLE-ENDED (NOT COUPLED) AD9508 1.8V HSTL Z0 = 50Ω 127Ω 127Ω 11161-138 AD9508 CLK CLK 50Ω 11161-134 50Ω VCC – 2V Figure 36. Typical AC-Coupled or DC-Coupled LVPECL Configurations Figure 40. Interfacing the HSTL Driver to a 3.3 V LVPECL Input (This method incorporates impedance matching and dc biasing for bipolar LVPECL receivers. If the receiver is self-biased, the termination scheme shown in Figure 38 is recommended.) CLK AD9508 11161-135 CLK Figure 37. Typical 1.8 V CMOS Configurations for Short Trace Lengths Rev. A | Page 19 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet TERMINOLOGY Phase Jitter and Phase Noise An ideal sine wave can be thought of as having a continuous and an even progression phase with time from 0 degrees to 360 degrees for each cycle. Actual signals, however, display a certain amount of variation from ideal phase progression over time. This phenomenon is phase jitter. Although many causes can contribute to phase jitter, one major cause is random noise, characterized statistically as being Gaussian (normal) in distribution. Phase jitter leads to a spreading out of the energy of the sine wave in the frequency domain, producing a continuous power spectrum. This power spectrum is usually reported as a series of values whose units are dBc/Hz at a given offset in frequency from the sine wave (carrier). The value is a ratio (expressed in dB) of the power contained within a 1 Hz bandwidth with respect to the power at the carrier frequency. For each measurement, the offset from the carrier frequency is also given. It is meaningful to integrate the total power contained within some interval of offset frequencies (for example, 10 kHz to 10 MHz). This is called the integrated phase noise over that frequency offset interval and can be readily related to the time jitter due to the phase noise contained within that offset frequency interval. Phase noise has a detrimental effect on the performance of ADCs, DACs, and RF mixers. It lowers the achievable dynamic range of the converters and mixers, although they are affected in somewhat different ways. Time Jitter Phase noise is a frequency domain phenomenon. In the time domain, the same effect is exhibited as with time jitter. When observing a sine wave, the time of successive zero crossings varies. In a square wave, the time jitter is a displacement of the edges from their ideal (regular) times of occurrence. In both cases, the variations in timing from the ideal are the time jitter. Because these variations are random in nature, the time jitter is specified in units of seconds root mean square (rms) or one sigma of the Gaussian distribution. Time jitter that occurs on a sampling clock for a DAC or an ADC decreases the SNR and dynamic range of the converter. A sampling clock with the lowest possible jitter provides the highest performance from a given converter. Additive Phase Noise Additive phase noise is the amount of phase noise that is attributable only to the device or subsystem being measured. The residual phase noise system makes use of two devices operating in perfect quadrature. The correlated noise of any external components common to both devices (such as clock sources) is not present. This makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device is going to affect the total system phase noise when used in conjunction with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contribute their own phase noise to the total. In many cases, the phase noise of one element dominates the system phase noise. Additive Time Jitter Additive time jitter refers to the amount of time jitter that is attributable to the device or subsystem being measured. It is calculated by integrating the additive phase noise over a specific range. This makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device is going to impact the total system time jitter when used in conjunction with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contribute their own time jitter to the total. In many cases, the time jitter of the external oscillators and clock sources dominates the system time jitter. Rev. A | Page 20 of 40 Data Sheet AD9508 THEORY OF OPERATION DETAILED BLOCK DIAGRAM VDD LDO EXT_CAP0 LVDS/HSTL/CMOS OUTPUTS SUB LDO CLK 10-BIT DIVIDER 11-BIT ∆Φ OUT0 10-BIT DIVIDER 11-BIT ∆Φ OUT1 10-BIT DIVIDER 11-BIT ∆Φ OUT2 10-BIT DIVIDER 11-BIT ∆Φ OUT3 CLK IN_SEL SPI/I2C/PIN_ PROG PROG_SEL SPI INTERFACE SDIO/SDA/S1 SDO/S3 OUT1 REVISION ID CS/S2 SCLK/SCL/S0 OUT0 DIGITAL LOGIC AND REGISTERS SUB LDO OUT2 OUT3 S4 S5 SCL SDA EXT_CAP1 I2 C INTERFACE LDO VDD 6 COARSE A/D PIN PROGRAM READ CONTROL 11161-139 SYNC RESET Figure 41. Detailed Block Diagram The AD9508 accepts either a differential input clock applied to the CLK and CLK pins or a single-ended 1.8 V CMOS clock applied to the CLK pin. The input clock signal is sent to the clock distribution section, which has programmable dividers and phase offset adjustment. The clock distribution section operates at speeds of up to 1650 MHz. The divider range under SPI or I2C control ranges from 1 to divide-by-1024 and the phase offset adjustment is equipped with 11 bits of resolution. However, in pin programming mode, the divider range is limited to a maximum divide-by-16 and there is no phase offset adjustment available. The outputs can be configured to as many as four LVDS/HSTL differential outputs or as many as eight 1.8 V CMOS singleended outputs. In addition, the output current for the different outputs is adjustable for output drive strength. The device can be powered with either a 3.3 V or 2.5 V external supply; however, the internal supply on the chip runs off an internal 1.8 V LDO, delivering high performance with minimal power consumption. PROGRAMMING MODE SELECTION The AD9508 supports both SPI and I2C protocols, and a pin strapping option to program the device. The active interface depends on the logic state of the PROG_SEL pin. See Table 13 for programming mode selections. See the Serial Control Port and Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up sections for more detailed information. Table 13. SPI/I2C/Pin Serial Port Setup PROG_SEL Float Logic 0 Logic 1 SPI/I²C/Pin SPI I²C Pin programming control CLOCK INPUT The IN_SEL pin controls the desired input clock configuration. When the IN_SEL pin is set for single-ended operation, the device expects 1.8 V, 2.5 V, or 3.3 V CMOS-compatible logic levels on the CLK input pin. Bypass the unused CLK pin to ground with a 0.1 μF capacitor. When the IN_SEL pin is set for differential input clock mode, the inputs of the AD9508 are internally self biased. The internal Rev. A | Page 21 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet inputs have a resistor divider, which sets the common-mode level. The complementary input is biased about 30 mV lower than the true input to avoid oscillations in the event that the input signal ceases. See Figure 42 for the equivalent differential input circuit. VDD VDD OUTxA 11161-142 OUTxB VDD 13kΩ Figure 44. CMOS Equivalent Output Circuit 16.5kΩ 16kΩ GND 11161-140 CLK Figure 42. AD9508 Differential Input Stage The inputs can be ac-coupled or dc-coupled in differential mode. See Table 14 for input logic compatibility. The user can supply a single-ended input with the input in differential mode by ac or dc coupling to one side of the differential input and bypassing the other input to ground by a capacitor. Note that jitter performance degrades with low input slew rate, as shown in Figure 25. See Figure 34 through Figure 37 for different input clock termination schemes. CLOCK OUTPUTS Each channel output driver can be configured for either a differential LVDS/HSTL output or two single-ended CMOS outputs. When the LVDS/HSTL driver is enabled, the corresponding CMOS driver is in tristate. When the CMOS driver is enabled, the corresponding LVDS/HSTL driver is powered down and tristated. See Figure 43 and Figure 44 for the equivalent output stages. In LVDS or HSTL modes, there are register settings to control the output logic type and current drive strength. The LVDS output current can be set to the nominal 3.5 mA, additional settings include 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 (default), and 1.25 multiplied by 3.5 mA. The HSTL output current can be set to 8 mA (nominal) or 16 mA (double amplitude). For pin programming mode, see the Pin Strapping to Program on Power-Up section for details and limitations of the device. Under pin programming mode, the nominal current is the default setting and is nonadjustable. When routing single-ended CMOS signals, avoid driving multiple input receivers with one output. Series termination at the source is generally required to provide transmission line matching and/or to reduce current transients at the driver. The value of the series resistor is dependent on the board design and timing requirements (typically 10 Ω to 100 Ω). CMOS outputs are also limited in terms of the capacitive load or trace length that they can drive. Typically, trace lengths less than 3 inches are recommended to preserve signal rise/fall times and signal integrity. AD9508 10Ω 60.4Ω (1.0 INCH) CMOS MICROSTRIP VDD 11161-143 12.5kΩ CLK Figure 45. Series Termination of CMOS Output OUTx 11161-141 OUTx Figure 43. LVDS/HSTL Output Simplified Equivalent Circuit Table 14. CLK and CLK Differential Input Logic Compatibility E A Supply (V) 3.3 2.5 1.8 3.3 1 2.51 1.81 1.5 N/A 2 3.3 2.5 1.8 1F 2F 1 2 A Logic CML CML CML CMOS CMOS CMOS HSTL LVDS LVPECL LVPECL LVPECL Common Mode (V) 2.9 2.1 1.4 1.65 1.25 0.9 0.75 1.25 2.0 1.2 0.5 Output Swing (V) 0.8 0.8 0.8 3.3 2.5 1.8 0.75 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 IN_SEL is set for single-ended CMOS mode. N/A means not applicable. Rev. A | Page 22 of 40 AC-Coupled Yes Yes Yes Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes DC-Coupled Not allowed Not allowed Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not allowed Yes Yes Data Sheet AD9508 CLOCK DIVIDERS RESET MODES The four independent channel dividers are 10-bit integer dividers with a divide range of 1 to 1024 in SPI and I2C modes. The channel divider block contains duty cycle correction that guarantees 50% duty cycle for both even and odd divide ratios. In pin programming mode, divide values of 1 to 8 and 16 are supported. The AD9508 has a power-on reset (POR) and other ways to apply a reset condition to the chip. PHASE DELAY CONTROL The AD9508 provides a coarse output phase delay adjustment between outputs but with a wide delay range that is beneficial for some applications. The minimum delay step is equivalent to half the period of the input clock rate. This minimum delay step can be multiplied from 1 to 2047 times the minimum delay step to cover a wide delay range. The multiplication of the minimum delay step is provided for each channel output via the appropriate internal programming register. Phase delay is not supported in pin programming mode. Note that the phase delay adjustment requires the use of the SYNC function pin. Phase adjustment and output synchronization occurs on the rising edge of the SYNC pin. Therefore, the SYNC pin must be pulled low and released to produce the desired phase relationship between outputs. If the SYNC is not active low prior to a phase delay change, the desired output phase delay between outputs is not guaranteed to occur; instead, a random phase delay can occur between outputs. However, a future SYNC pulse corrects to the desired phase relationship, if initiated. During the active low SYNC period, the outputs are forced to a static state. Figure 46 shows three independent outputs, each set for DIV = 4 of the input clock rate. By incrementing the phase offset value in the programming registers from 0 to 2, each output is offset from the initial edge by a multiple of ½ tCLK. Note that the SYNC signal is not shown in this timing diagram. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CLOCK INPUT CLK DIVIDER OUTPUTS DIV = 4, DUTY = 50% START = 0, PHASE = 0 Power-On Reset During chip power-up, an internal power-on reset pulse is issued when VDD reaches ~1.15 V and restores the chip to the default on-chip setting. It takes ~20 ms for the outputs to begin toggling after the power-on reset pulse signal is internally generated. In SPI or I2C modes, the default power-on state of the AD9508 is configured as a buffer with the dividers set to divide by 1. In pin programmable mode, the part is configured per the hardwiring of the S0 to S5 pins. Hardware Reset via the RESET Pin A hard asynchronous reset is executed by briefly pulling RESET low. This restores the chip to the on-chip default register settings. It takes ~20 ms for the outputs to begin toggling after RESET is released. Soft Reset via the Serial Port A soft reset is initiated by setting Bit 2 and Bit 5 in Register 0x000. Except for Register 0x000, when Bit 5 and Bit 2 are set, the chip enters a soft reset mode and restores the chip to the on-chip setting. These bits are self clearing. However, the self clearing operation does not complete until an additional serial port SCLK cycle occurs, and the AD9508 is held in reset until that happens. POWER-DOWN MODE Individual Clock Channel Power-Down In SPI or I²C programming mode, the clock distribution channels can be powered down individually by writing to the appropriate registers. Powering down a clock channel is similar to powering down an individual driver, but it saves more power because additional circuits are also powered down. The register map details the individual power-down settings for each output channel. These settings are found in Register 0x0F0, Bit 4; Register 0x0F2, Bit 4; Register 0x0F4, Bit 4; and Register 0x0F6, Bit 4. Note that in all three programming modes, a logic low on the RESET pin can be used to power down the device. START = 0, PHASE = 2 tCLK 11161-144 START = 0, PHASE = 1 Figure 46. Phase Offset—All Dividers Set for DIV = 4, Phase Set from 0 to 2 Rev. A | Page 23 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet OUTPUT CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION On power up, the default output channel divider value is divideby-1 if SPI and I2C programming modes are used. Therefore, there is no real requirement for synchronization after power up unless a change in divider value or a phase offset value is desired. A hard asynchronous output synchronization is executed by briefly pulling the SYNC pin low. This forces the outputs to be edge aligned regardless of their divide ratio after the SYNC pin is released. If the sync mask bit is set to a Logic 1 in any output channel, those channels continue working uninterrupted while a sync operation is being applied to other channels. Outputs are pulled low while SYNC is low if they are not masked by the sync mask bit. This only applies if outputs are functioning under normal operation with its logic level set to 11 or toggle mode. THERMALLY ENHANCED PACKAGE MOUNTING GUIDELINES Exposed Metal Paddle The exposed metal paddle on the AD9508 package is an electrical connection, as well as a thermal enhancement. For the device to function properly, the paddle must be properly attached to ground (VSS). The AD9508 dissipates heat through its exposed paddle. The PCB acts as a heat sink for the AD9508. The PCB attachment must provide a good thermal path to a larger heat dissipation area, such as the ground plane on the PCB. This requires a grid of vias from the top layer down to the ground plane. See Figure 47 for an example. POWER SUPPLY The AD9508 is designed to work off a 3.3 V + 5% power supply down to a 2.5 V − 5% power supply. Best practice recommends bypassing the power supply on the printed circuit board (PCB) with adequate capacitance (>10 µF) and bypassing all power pins with adequate capacitance (0.1 µF) as close to the part as possible. The layout of the AD9508 evaluation board (AD9508/PCBZ), available at www.analog.com, provides a good layout example for this device. 11161-145 VIAS TO GND PLANE Figure 47. PCB Land Example for Attaching Exposed Paddle Refer to the AN-772 Application Note, A Design and Manufacturing Guide for the Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP), for more information about mounting devices with an exposed paddle. Rev. A | Page 24 of 40 Data Sheet AD9508 PIN STRAPPING TO PROGRAM ON POWER-UP The PROG_SEL input when set to Logic 1 places the AD9508 in pin strapping control mode without the need for SPI or I2C operations. In this mode, Pin S0 through Pin S5 program the desired internal divider value and output logic type for each output or to set the output to a high-Z state. The maximum divide value is limited to divide-by-16 and phase offset delay control is not supported in this mode. LVDS and HSTL logic types are supported in this mode. However, if HSTL mode is set and the 100 Ω output termination is removed, the output swings to 1.8 V CMOS logic levels. In this configuration, the differential outputs of the channel selected become two single-ended CMOS signals. Those outputs maintain a 180° phase relationship and share the same channel divider value. Programming individual outputs and the output logic type is performed by hardwiring specific resistor values to each of the S0 to S5 pins. The other side of the resistor is then biased to ground or VDD, depending on the desired settings. The actual settings are applied after an internal ADC scans each one of the S0 to S5 pins. An ADC scan is initiated by either the internal power-on reset when the device is powered up or by toggling the SYNC pin. If changes are made after the internal power-on reset, the SYNC pin must be toggled before any new changes are accepted. Table 15 depicts all the pin strapping selections available for each output channel divider value and logic type. The resistors listed in Table 15 must have 10% or better tolerance. Note that if all outputs use an output divider value of one and use either HSTL outputs or 1.8 V CMOS output levels, then the S0 to S5 pins can be grounded to accomplish that particular configuration instead of using the 820 Ω resistor. Table 15. Selection Table for Pin Strapping Control Programming Pins S0 ADC Voltage Level (0 Through 7) vs. Resistor Value vs. Divide Value and Logic Type 0 = 820 Ω 1 = 1.8 kΩ 2 = 3.9 kΩ 3 = 8.2 kΩ 4 = 820 Ω 5 = 1.8 kΩ 6 = 3.9 kΩ 7 = 8.2 kΩ Pulled to Pulled to Pulled to Pulled to Pulled to Pulled to Pulled to Pulled to VDD VDD VDD VDD GND GND GND GND ÷1 ÷2 ÷3 ÷4 ÷5 ÷6 ÷8 ÷16 S1 ÷1 ÷2 ÷3 ÷4 ÷5 ÷6 ÷8 ÷16 S2 ÷1 ÷2 ÷3 ÷4 ÷5 ÷6 ÷8 ÷16 S3 ÷1 ÷2 ÷3 ÷4 ÷5 ÷6 ÷8 ÷16 S4 HSTL/ HSTL HSTL/ LVDS HSTL/ high-Z LVDS/ HSTL LVDS/ LVDS LVDS/ high-Z High-Z/ HSTL High Z/ high-Z S5 HSTL/ HSTL HSTL/ LVDS HSTL/ high-Z LVDS/ HSTL LVDS/ LVDS LVDS/ high-Z High-Z/ HSTL High-Z/ high-Z Rev. A | Page 25 of 40 Description SO is assigned to the Channel 0 divider ratio only S1 is assigned to the Channel 1 divider ratio only S2 is assigned to the Channel 2 divider ratio only S3 is assigned to the Channel 3 divider ratio only S4 is assigned to Channel 0 and Channel 1 to select their output logic types S5 is assigned to Channel 2 and Channel 3 to select their output logic types AD9508 Data Sheet SERIAL CONTROL PORT The AD9508 serial control port is a flexible, synchronous serial communications port that provides a convenient interface to many industry-standard microcontrollers and microprocessors. The serial control port is compatible with most synchronous transfer formats, including I²C, Motorola SPI, and Intel SSR protocols. The serial control port allows read/write access to the AD9508 register map. In SPI mode, single- or multiple-byte transfers are supported. The SPI port configuration is programmable via Register 0x00. This register is integrated into the SPI control logic rather than in the register map and it is distinct from the I2C Register 0x00. SPI/I²C PORT SELECTION Table 16. Serial Port Mode Selection S5 Low High Low High Address I²C, 1101100 I²C, 1101101 I²C, 1101110 I²C, 1101111 E A A A E A A During stall high periods, the serial control port state machine enters a wait state until all data is sent. If the system controller decides to abort a transfer midstream, the state machine must be reset either by completing the transfer or by asserting the CS pin for at least one complete SCLK cycle (but less than eight SCLK cycles). Deasserting the CS pin on a nonbyte boundary terminates the serial transfer and flushes the buffer. A A In streaming mode (see Table 17), any number of data bytes can be transferred in a continuous stream. The register address is automatically incremented or decremented. CS must be deasserted at the end of the last byte that is transferred, thereby ending the stream mode. E A The SDO (serial data output) pin is useful only in unidirectional I/O mode. It serves as the data output pin for read operations. The CS (chip select) pin is an active low control that gates read and write operations. This pin is internally connected to a 30 kΩ pull-up resistor. When CS is high, the SDO and SDIO pins enter a high impedance state. A A E The SDIO (serial data input/output) pin is a dual-purpose pin and acts either as an input only (unidirectional mode) or as both an input and an output (bidirectional mode). The AD9508 default SPI mode is bidirectional. E A A The SCLK (serial clock) pin serves as the serial shift clock. This pin is an input. SCLK synchronizes serial control port read and write operations. The rising edge SCLK registers write data bits, and the falling edge registers read data bits. The SCLK pin supports a maximum clock rate of 40 MHz. A E A E Pin Descriptions A Assertion (active low) of the CS pin initiates a write or read operation to the AD9508 SPI port. For data transfers of three bytes or fewer (excluding the instruction word), the device supports the CS stalled high mode. In this mode, the CS pin can be temporarily deasserted on any byte boundary, allowing time for the system controller to process the next byte. However, CS can be deasserted on byte boundaries only; this applies to both the instruction and data portions of the transfer. A SPI SERIAL PORT OPERATION E The SPI port supports both 3-wire (bidirectional) and 4-wire (unidirectional) hardware configurations and both MSB first and LSB first data formats. Both the hardware configuration and data format features are programmable. By default, the AD9508 uses the bidirectional MSB first mode. The reason that bidirectional is the default mode is so that the user can continue to write to the device (if it is wired for unidirectional operation) to switch to unidirectional mode. E The AD9508 has two serial interfaces, SPI and I²C. Users can select either SPI or I²C depending on the state of the PROG_SEL pin. In I²C operation, four different I²C slave address (seven bits wide) settings are available, see Table 16. The five MSBs of the slave address are hardware coded as 11011 and Pin S4 and Pin S5 program the two LSBs. S4 Low Low High High SPI Mode Operation A Table 17. Byte Transfer Count W1 0 0 1 1 W0 0 1 0 1 Bytes to Transfer 1 2 3 Streaming mode Communication Cycle—Instruction Plus Data The SPI protocol consists of a two part communication cycle. The first part is a 16-bit instruction word that is coincident with the first 16 SCLK rising edges and a payload. The instruction word provides the AD9508 serial control port with information regarding the payload. The instruction word includes the R/W bit that indicates the direction of the payload transfer; that is, a read or write operation. The instruction word also indicates the number of bytes in the payload and the starting register address of the first payload byte. Rev. A | Page 26 of 40 E A A Data Sheet AD9508 Write SPI MSB First and LSB First Transfers When the instruction word indicates a write operation, the payload is written into the serial control port buffer of the AD9508. Data bits are registered on the rising edge of SCLK. The length of the transfer (one, two, or three bytes or streaming mode) depends on the W0 and W1 bits in the instruction byte. When not streaming, CS can be deasserted after each sequence of eight bits to stall the bus (except after the last byte, where it ends the cycle). When the bus is stalled, the serial transfer resumes when CS is asserted. Deasserting the CS pin on a nonbyte boundary resets the serial control port. Reserved or blank registers are not skipped automatically during a write sequence. Therefore, the user must know what bit pattern to write to the reserved registers to preserve proper operation of the device. Generally, it does not matter what data is written to blank registers, but it is customary to write 0s. The AD9508 instruction word and payload can be MSB first or LSB first; the default is MSB first. The LSB first mode can be set by writing a 1 to Register 0x00, Bit 6. Immediately after the LSB first bit is set, subsequent serial control port operations are LSB first. When MSB first mode is active, the instruction and data bytes must be written from MSB to LSB. Multibyte data transfers in MSB first format start with an instruction byte that includes the register address of the most significant payload byte. Subsequent data bytes must follow, in order, from high address to low address. In MSB first mode, the serial control port internal address generator decrements for each data byte of the multibyte transfer cycle. E A A E A A E A A When Register 0x00, Bit 6 = 1 (LSB first), the instruction and data bytes must be written from LSB to MSB. Multibyte data transfers in LSB first format start with an instruction byte that includes the register address of the least significant payload byte, followed by multiple data bytes. The serial control port internal byte address generator increments for each byte of the multibyte transfer cycle. Most of the serial port registers are buffered. This means that data written into buffered registers do not take effect until the user issues an I/O update. An I/O update operation is executed by writing a Logic 1 to Register 0x0005, Bit 0 (which is an autoclearing bit) or by programming a multifunction pin to perform the I/O update function and applying an external signal to that pin. The user can change as many register bits as needed before executing an I/O update. The I/O update operation transfers the buffer register contents to their active register counterparts. For multibyte MSB first (default) I/O operations, the serial control port register address decrements from the specified starting address toward Address 0x00. For multibyte LSB first I/O operations, the serial control port register address increments from the starting address toward Address 0x2C. Reserved addresses are not skipped during multibyte I/O operations; therefore, the user writes the default value to a reserved register and writes 0s to unmapped registers. Note that it is more efficient to issue a new write command than to write the default value to more than two consecutive reserved (or unmapped) registers. Read The AD9508 supports the long instruction mode only. If the instruction word indicates a read operation, the next N × 8 SCLK cycles clock out the data from the address specified in the instruction word. N is the number of data bytes read and depends on the W0 and W1 bits of the instruction word. The readback data is valid on the falling edge of SCLK. Blank registers are not skipped during readback. Table 18. Streaming Mode (No Addresses Skipped) Write Mode LSB First MSB First A readback operation takes data from either the serial control port buffer registers or the active registers. Address Direction Increment Decrement Stop Sequence 0x00 … 0x2C 0x2C … 0x00 SPI Instruction Word (16 Bits) The MSB of the 16-bit instruction word is R/W, which indicates whether the instruction is a read or a write. The next two bits, W1 and W0, indicate the number of bytes in the transfer. The final 13 bits are the register address (A12 to A0), which indicates the starting register address of the read/write operation (see Table 19). E A A Table 19. Serial Control Port, 16-Bit Instruction Word, MSB First Bit Map MSB I15 I14 I13 I12 I11 I10 I9 I8 I7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 LSB I0 R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 E A CS SCLK DON'T CARE R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 16-BIT INSTRUCTION HEADER A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 REGISTER (N) DATA D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Figure 48. Serial Control Port Write—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Two Bytes of Data Rev. A | Page 27 of 40 D1 D0 REGISTER (N – 1) DATA DON'T CARE 11161-028 SDIO DON'T CARE DON'T CARE AD9508 Data Sheet CS SCLK DON'T CARE DON'T CARE R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 SDO DON'T CARE D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 16-BIT INSTRUCTION HEADER REGISTER (N) DATA REGISTER (N – 1) DATA REGISTER (N – 2) DATA REGISTER (N – 3) DATA DON'T CARE 11161-029 SDIO Figure 49. Serial Control Port Read—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Four Bytes of Data tDS tHIGH tS tDH DON'T CARE SDIO DON'T CARE DON'T CARE R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 DON'T CARE 11161-030 SCLK tC tCLK tLOW CS Figure 50. Serial Control Port Write—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Timing Measurements CS SCLK DATA BIT N 11161-031 tDV SDIO SDO DATA BIT N – 1 Figure 51. Timing Diagram for Serial Control Port Register Read CS SDIO DON'T CARE A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 W0 W1 R/W D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 16-BIT INSTRUCTION HEADER D5 D6 REGISTER (N) DATA D7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 DON'T CARE REGISTER (N + 1) DATA Figure 52. Serial Control Port Write—LSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Two Bytes of Data CS tS tC tCLK tHIGH tLOW tDS SCLK SDIO BIT N BIT N + 1 Figure 53. Serial Control Port Timing—Write Rev. A | Page 28 of 40 11161-033 tDH 11161-032 DON'T CARE SCLK DON'T CARE Data Sheet AD9508 Table 20. Serial Control Port Timing Parameter tDS tDH tCLK tS tC tHIGH tLOW tDV Description Setup time between data and the rising edge of SCLK Hold time between data and the rising edge of SCLK Period of the clock Setup time between the CS falling edge and the SCLK rising edge (start of the communication cycle) Setup time between the SCLK rising edge and CS rising edge (end of the communication cycle) Minimum period that SCLK should be in a logic high state Minimum period that SCLK should be in a logic low state SCLK to valid SDIO and SDO (see Figure 51) E A A E A I2C SERIAL PORT OPERATION The I2C interface has the advantage of requiring only two control pins and is a de facto standard throughout the I2C industry. However, its disadvantage is the programming speed, which is 400 kbps maximum. The AD9508 I2C port design is based on the I2C fast mode standard; therefore, it supports both the 100 kHz standard mode and 400 kHz fast mode. Fast mode imposes a glitch tolerance requirement on the control signals; that is, the input receivers ignore pulses of less than 50 ns duration. A The transfer of data is shown in Figure 54. One clock pulse is generated for each data bit transferred. The data on the SDA line must be stable during the high period of the clock. The high or low state of the data line can change only when the clock signal on the SCL line is low. SDA The AD9508 allows up to four unique slave devices to occupy the I2C bus. These slave devices are accessed via a 7-bit slave address that is transmitted as part of an I2C packet. Only the device that has a matching slave address responds to subsequent I2C commands. Table 16 lists the supported device slave addresses. I2C Bus Characteristics Table 21 provides a summary of the various I2C abbreviations used in the protocol. Table 21. I2C Bus Abbreviation Definitions Abbreviation S Sr P ACK NACK W R E A Definition Start Repeated start Stop Acknowledge No acknowledge Write Read CHANGE OF DATA ALLOWED DATA LINE STABLE; DATA VALID Figure 54. Valid Bit Transfer Start/stop functionality is shown in Figure 55. The start condition is characterized by a high-to-low transition on the SDA line while SCL is high. The start condition is always generated by the master to initialize a data transfer. The stop condition is characterized by a low-to-high transition on the SDA line while SCL is high. The stop condition is always generated by the master to terminate a data transfer. Every byte on the SDA line must be eight bits long. Each byte must be followed by an acknowledge bit; bytes are sent MSB first. The acknowledge bit (ACK) is the ninth bit attached to any 8-bit data byte. An acknowledge bit is always generated by the receiving device (receiver) to inform the transmitter that the byte has been received. The acknowledge bit is communicated by pulling the SDA line low during the ninth clock pulse after each 8-bit data byte (see Figure 56). The no acknowledge bit (NACK) is the ninth bit attached to any 8-bit data byte. The receiving device (receiver) always generates the no acknowledge bit to inform the transmitter that the byte has not been received. The no acknowledge bit is communicated by leaving the SDA line high during the ninth clock pulse after each 8-bit data byte. A Rev. A | Page 29 of 40 A 11161-034 SCL The AD9508 I2C port consists of a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). In an I2C bus system, the AD9508 is connected to the serial bus (data bus SDA and clock bus SCL) as a slave device; that is, no clock is generated by the AD9508. The AD9508 uses direct 16-bit memory addressing rather than traditional 8-bit memory addressing. AD9508 Data Sheet SDA SCL S START CONDITION 11161-035 P STOP CONDITION Figure 55. Start and Stop Conditions MSB ACK FROM SLAVE RECEIVER 1 SCL 2 3 TO 7 8 9 ACK FROM SLAVE RECEIVER 1 2 3 TO 7 8 9 S 10 P 11161-036 SDA Figure 56. Acknowledge Bit Data Transfer Process bytes immediately after the slave address byte serve as the internal memory (control registers) address bytes, with the high address byte first. This addressing scheme gives a memory address of up to 216 − 1 = 65,535. The data bytes after these two memory address bytes are register data that are written to or read from the control registers. In read mode, the data bytes after the slave address byte are register data that are written to or read from the control registers. The master initiates a data transfer by asserting a start condition, which indicates that a data stream follows. All I2C slave devices connected to the serial bus respond to the start condition. The master then sends an 8-bit address byte over the SDA line, consisting of a 7-bit slave address (MSB first) plus an R/W bit. This bit determines the direction of the data transfer, that is, whether data is written to or read from the slave device (0 = write, 1 = read). E A A When all data bytes are read or written, stop conditions are established. In write mode, the master (transmitter) asserts a stop condition to end data transfer during the 10th clock pulse following the acknowledge bit for the last data byte from the slave device (receiver). In read mode, the master device (receiver) receives the last data byte from the slave device (transmitter) but does not pull SDA low during the ninth clock pulse. This condition is known as a no acknowledge bit. By receiving the no acknowledge bit, the slave device knows that the data transfer is finished and enters idle mode. The master then takes the data line low during the low period before the 10th clock pulse and high during the 10th clock pulse to assert a stop condition. The peripheral whose address corresponds to the transmitted address responds by sending an acknowledge bit. All other devices on the bus remain idle while the selected device waits for data to be read from or written to it. If the R/W bit is 0, the master (transmitter) writes to the slave device (receiver). If the R/W bit is 1, the master (receiver) reads from the slave device (transmitter). The format for these commands is described in the Data Transfer Format section. E A A E A Data is then sent over the serial bus in the format of nine clock pulses: one data byte (eight bits) from either master (write mode) or slave (read mode) followed by an acknowledge bit from the receiving device. The number of bytes that can be transmitted per transfer is unrestricted. In write mode, the first two data A start condition can be used in place of a stop condition. Furthermore, a start or stop condition can occur at any time, and partially transferred bytes are discarded. MSB SDA ACK FROM SLAVE RECEIVER 1 SCL 2 3 TO 7 8 9 ACK FROM SLAVE RECEIVER 1 2 3 TO 7 S 8 9 10 P Figure 57. Data Transfer Process (Master Write Mode, Two-Byte Transfer) Rev. A | Page 30 of 40 11161-037 A Data Sheet AD9508 SDA ACK FROM MASTER RECEIVER 1 3 TO 7 2 8 9 1 3 TO 7 2 8 9 11161-039 SCL NACK FROM MASTER RECEIVER 10 S P Figure 58. Data Transfer Process (Master Read Mode, Two-Byte Transfer) Data Transfer Format Write byte format: The write byte protocol writes a register address to the RAM, starting from the specified RAM address. S Slave Address A W E A RAM Address High Byte A RAM Address Low Byte A RAM Data 0 A RAM Data 1 A RAM Data 2 A P Send byte format: The send byte protocol sets up the register address for subsequent reads. S Slave Address A W E A RAM Address High Byte A RAM Address Low Byte A P Receive byte format: The receive byte protocol reads the data byte(s) from RAM, starting from the current address. S Slave Address R A RAM Data 0 A RAM Data 1 A RAM Data 2 P A A E Read byte format: This is the combined format of the send byte and the receive byte. S Slave Address W E A A RAM Address High Byte A RAM Address Low Byte A Sr Slave Address R A RAM Data 0 A RAM Data 1 A RAM Data 2 A A I²C Serial Port Timing SDA tLOW tF tR tSU; DAT tHD; STA tSP tBUF tR tF tHD; STA S tHD; DAT tHIGH tSU; STO tSU; STA Sr Figure 59. I²C Serial Port Timing Table 22. I2C Timing Definitions Parameter fSCL tBUF tHD; STA tSU; STA tSU; STO tHD; DAT tSU; DAT tLOW tHIGH tR tF tSP Description Serial clock Bus free time between stop and start conditions Repeated hold time start condition Repeated start condition setup time Stop condition setup time Data hold time Date setup time SCL clock low period SCL clock high period Minimum/maximum receive SCL and SDA rise time Minimum/maximum receive SCL and SDA fall time Pulse width of voltage spikes that must be suppressed by the input filter Rev. A | Page 31 of 40 P S 11161-038 SCL E P AD9508 Data Sheet REGISTER MAP Register addresses that are not listed in Table 23 are unused, and writing to those registers has no effect. The user should write the default value to sections of registers marked reserved. The abbreviation, R, in the optional (Opt) column in Table 23 means read only and NS means that the value does not change during a soft reset. Note that the default column is represented by Def. Table 23. Register Map Reg Addr (Hex) Opt Name D7 D6 Serial Control Port Configuration and Part Identification 0x00 NS SPI control SDO enable LSB first/ increment address 0x00 NS I²C control Reserved 0x0A R, NS Silicon rev 0x0B R, NS Reserved 0x0C R, NS Part ID 0x0D R,NS Part ID Chip Level Functions 0x12 Reserved 0x13 Sleep Reserved 0x14 NS OUT0 Functions 0x15 0x16 0x17 0x18 0x19 0x1A OUT1 Functions 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E 0x1F 0x20 OUT2 Functions 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x24 0x25 0x26 OUT3 Functions 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2A 0x2B 0x2C SYNC_BAR PD_0 EN_CMOS_0P PD_1 EN_CMOS_1P Soft reset Reserved Reserved Silicon Revision[7:0] Reserved Clock Part Family ID[7:0] Clock Part Family ID[15:8] PD_2 EN_CMOS_2P D1 Soft reset LSB first/ SDO enable increment address Reserved Soft reset D0 Def 00 00 00 00 05 00 02 00 Reserved SYNC_BAR 01 OUT0 Divide Ratio[9:8] 00 00 OUT0 Phase[7:0] Reserved OUT0 Phase[10:8] SYNCMASK0 OUT0 Driver Phase[1:0] OUT0 Mode[2:0] Reserved CMOS_0P_PHASE[1:0] EN_CMOS_0N CMOS_0N_PHASE[1:0] Reserved 00 00 14 00 OUT1 Divide Ratio[9:8] 00 00 OUT1 Phase[7:0] Reserved OUT1 Phase[10:8] SYNCMASK1 OUT1 Driver Phase[1:0] OUT1 Mode[2:0] Reserved CMOS_1P_PHASE[1:0] EN_CMOS_1N CMOS_1N_PHASE[1:0] Reserved 00 00 14 00 OUT2 Divide Ratio[9:8] OUT2 Phase [7:0] Reserved OUT2 Phase[10:8] SYNCMASK2 OUT2 Driver Phase[1:0] OUT2 Mode[2:0] Reserved CMOS_2P_PHASE[1:0] EN_CMOS_2N CMOS_2N_PHASE[1:0] Reserved OUT3 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved PD_3 EN_CMOS_3P D2 Reserved Sleep OUT2 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved OUT3 Divide Ratio[9:0] OUT3 Phase[9:0] OUT3 Driver OUT3 CMOS Soft reset OUT1 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved OUT2 Divide Ratio[9:0] OUT2 Phase[9:0] OUT2 Driver OUT2 CMOS D3 OUT0 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved OUT1 Divide Ratio[9:0] OUT1 Phase[9:0] OUT1 Driver OUT1 CMOS D4 Reserved OUT0 Divide Ratio[9:0] OUT0 Phase[9:0] OUT0 Driver OUT0 CMOS D5 OUT3 Divide Ratio[9:8] OUT3 Phase[7:0] Reserved OUT3 Phase[10:8] SYNCMASK3 OUT3 Driver Phase[1:0] OUT3 Mode[2:0] Reserved CMOS_3P_PHASE[1:0] EN_CMOS_3N CMOS_3N_PHASE[1:0] Reserved Rev. A | Page 32 of 40 00 00 00 00 14 00 00 00 00 00 14 00 Data Sheet AD9508 REGISTER MAP BIT DESCRIPTIONS SERIAL PORT CONFIGURATION (REGISTER 0x00) Table 24. Serial Configuration Address 0x00 Bits 7 Bit Name SDO enable 6 LSB first/increment address 5 [4:3] 2 1 0 Soft reset Reserved Soft reset LSB first/increment address SDO enable Description Enables SPI port SDO pin. This bit does nothing in I²C mode. 1 = 4-wire (SDO pin enabled). 0 = 3-wire (default). Bit order for the SPI port. This bit is nonfunctional in I²C mode. 1 = LSB and byte first. Register addresses are automatically incremented in multibyte transfers. 0 = MSB and byte first (default). Register addresses are automatically decremented in multibyte transfers. Device reset. Reserved. Same function as Bit 5 of this register, set Bit 2 and Bit 5 to the same value. Same function as Bit 6 of this register, set Bit 1 and Bit 6 to the same value. Same function as Bit 7 of this register, set Bit 7 and Bit 0 to the same value. SILICON REVISION (REGISTER 0x0A TO REGISTER 0x0D) Table 25. Silicon Revision Address 0x0A 0x0B 0x0C Bits [7:0] [7:0] [7:0] Bit Name Silicon Revision[7:0] Reserved Clock Part Family ID[7:0] 0x0D [7:0] Clock Part Family ID[15:8] Description A read-only register. Identifies the revision level of the AD9508. 0x00 = default. A read-only register. This register, together with Register 0x000D, uniquely identifies an AD9508. No other device in the Analog Devices, Inc., AD95xx family has a value of 0x0005 in these two registers. 0x05 = default. This register is a continuation of Register 0x000C. 0x00 = default. CHIP LEVEL FUNCTIONS (REGISTER 0x12 TO REGISTER 0x14) Table 26. Sleep and Synchronization Address 0x12 0x13 0x14 Bits [7:0] [7:5] 4 Bit Name Reserved Reserved Sleep [3:0] [7:1] 0 Reserved Reserved SYNC_BAR Description 0x00000010 = default 0x000 = default 0 = disables sleep mode (default) 1 = enables sleep mode 0x0000 = default 0x0000000 = default 0 = enables a software output synchronization routine 1 = output synchronization via software disabled (default) Rev. A | Page 33 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet OUT0 FUNCTIONS (REGISTER 0x15 TO REGISTER 0x1A) Table 27. Divide Ratio and Phase Address 0x15 0x16 0x17 0x18 Bits [7:0] [7:2] [1:0] [7:0] [7:3] [2:0] Bit Name OUT0 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved OUT0 Divide Ratio[9:8] OUT0 Phase[7:0] Reserved OUT0 Phase[10:8] Description Channel 0 divide ratio, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 0 divide ratio, Bits[9:8] Channel 0 divider phase, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 0 divider phase, Bits[9:8] Table 28. Output Driver, Power Down, and Sync Address 0x19 0x1A Bits 7 6 Bit Name PD_0 SYNCMASK0 [5:4] OUT0 Driver Phase[1:0] [3:1] OUT0 Mode[2:0] 0 7 Reserved EN_CMOS_0P [6:5] CMOS_0P_PHASE[1:0] 4 EN_CMOS_0N [3:2] CMOS_0N_PHASE[1:0] [1:0] Reserved Description Channel 0 power down Setting this bit masks Channel 0 from the output sync function 0 = Channel 0 is synchronized during output sync (default) 1 = Channel 0 is excluded from an output sync These bits determine the phase of the OUT0 driver 00 = force high 01 = noninverting (default) 10 = inverting 11 = force low These bits determine the OUT0 driver mode 000 = LVDS 0.5 × 3.5 mA (1/2 amplitude) 001 = LVDS 0.75 × 3.5 mA (3/4 amplitude) 010 = LVDS 1 × 3.5 mA (default) 011 = LVDS 1.25 × 3.5 mA (1.25 amplitude) 100 = HSTL 1 × 3.5 mA (normal amplitude) 101 = HSTL 2 × 3.5 mA (double amplitude) 110 = high-Z/CMOS 111 = high-Z/CMOS 0b = default Setting this bit enables the OUT0P CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT0P CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables the OUT0P CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT0P CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low Setting this bit enables the OUT0N CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT0N CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables the OUT0N CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT0N CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low 00b = default Rev. A | Page 34 of 40 Data Sheet AD9508 OUT1 FUNCTIONS (REGISTER 0x1B TO REGISTER 0x20) Table 29. Divide Ratio and Phase Address 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E Bits [7:0] [7:2] [1:0] [7:0] [7:3] [2:0] Bit Name OUT1 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved OUT1 Divide Ratio[9:8] OUT1 Phase[7:0] Reserved OUT1 Phase[10:8] Description Channel 1 divide ratio, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 1 divide ratio, Bits[9:8] Channel 1 divider phase, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 1 divider phase, Bits[9:8] Table 30. Output Driver, Power Down, and Sync Address 0x1F 0x20 Bits 7 6 Bit Name PD_1 SYNCMASK1 [5:4] OUT1 Driver Phase[1:0] [3:1] OUT1 Mode[2:0] 0 7 Reserved EN_CMOS_1P [6:5] CMOS_1P_PHASE[1:0] [4] EN_CMOS_1N [3:2] CMOS_1N_PHASE[1:0] [1:0] Reserved Description Channel 1 power-down Setting this bit masks Channel 1 from the output sync function 0 = Channel 1 is synchronized during output sync (default) 1 = Channel 1 is excluded from an output sync These bits determine the phase of the OUT1 driver 00 = force high 01 = noninverting (default) 10 = inverting 11 = force low These bits determine the OUT1 driver mode 000 = LVDS 0.5 × 3.5 mA (1/2 amplitude) 001 = LVDS 0.75 × 3.5 mA (3/4 amplitude) 010 = LVDS 1 × 3.5 mA (default) 011 = LVDS 1.25 × 3.5 mA (1.25 amplitude) 100 = HSTL 1 × 3.5 mA (normal amplitude) 101 = HSTL 2 × 3.5 mA (double amplitude) 110 = high-Z/CMOS 111 = high-Z/CMOS 0b = default Setting this bit enables the OUT1P CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT1P CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables the OUT1P CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT1P CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low Setting this bit enables the OUT1N CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT1N CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables the OUT1N CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT1N CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low 00b = default Rev. A | Page 35 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet OUT2 FUNCTIONS (REGISTER 0x21 TO REGISTER 0x26) Table 31. Divide Ratio and Phase Address 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x24 Bits [7:0] [7:2] [1:0] [7:0] [7:3] [2:0] Bit Name OUT2 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved OUT2 Divide Ratio[9:8] OUT2 Phase[7:0] Reserved OUT2 Phase[10:8] Description Channel 2 divide ratio, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 2 divide ratio, Bits[9:8] Channel 2 divider phase, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 2 divider phase, Bits[9:8] Table 32. Output Driver, Power Down, and Sync Address 0x25 0x26 Bits 7 6 Bit Name PD_2 SYNCMASK2 [5:4] OUT2 Driver Phase[1:0] [3:1] OUT2 Mode[2:0] 0 7 Reserved EN_CMOS_2P [6:5] CMOS_2P_PHASE[1:0] 4 EN_CMOS_2N [3:2] CMOS_2N_PHASE[1:0] [1:0] Reserved Description Channel 2 power-down Setting this bit masks OUT2 from the output sync function 0 = Channel 2 is synchronized during output sync (default) 1 = Channel 2 is excluded from an output sync These bits determine the phase of the OUT2 driver 00 = force high 01 = noninverting (default) 10 = inverting 11 = force low These bits determine the OUT2 driver mode 000 = LVDS 0.5 × 3.5 mA (1/2 amplitude) 001 = LVDS 0.75 × 3.5 mA (3/4 amplitude) 010 = LVDS 1 × 3.5 mA (default) 011 = LVDS 1.25 × 3.5 mA (1.25 amplitude) 100 = HSTL 1 × 3.5 mA (normal amplitude) 101 = HSTL 2 × 3.5 mA (double amplitude) 110 = high-Z/CMOS 111 = high-Z/CMOS 0b = default Setting this bit enables the OUT2P CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT2P CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables OUT2P CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT2P CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low Setting this bit enables the OUT2N CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT2N CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables OUT2N CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT2N CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low 00b = default Rev. A | Page 36 of 40 Data Sheet AD9508 OUT3 FUNCTIONS (REGISTER 0x27 TO REGISTER 0x2C) Table 33. Divide Ratio and Phase Address 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2A Bits [7:0] [7:2] [1:0] [7:0] [7:3] [2:0] Bit Name OUT3 Divide Ratio[7:0] Reserved OUT3 Divide Ratio[9:8] OUT3 Phase[7:0] Reserved OUT3 Phase[10:8] Description Channel 3 divide ratio, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 3 divide ratio, Bits[9:8] Channel 3 divider phase, Bits[7:0] 0x00 = default Channel 3 divider phase, Bits[9:8] Table 34. Output Driver, Power Down, and Sync Address 0x2B 0x2C Bits 7 6 Bit Name PD_3 SYNCMASK3 [5:4] OUT3 Driver Phase[1:0] [3:1] OUT3 Mode[2:0] 0 7 Reserved EN_CMOS_3P [6:5] CMOS_3P_PHASE[1:0] 4 EN_CMOS_3N [3:2] CMOS_3N_PHASE[1:0] [1:0] Reserved Description Channel 3 power-down Setting this bit masks OUT3 from the output sync function 0 = Channel 3 is synchronized during output sync (default) 1 = Channel 3 is excluded from an output sync These bits determine the phase of the OUT3 driver 00 = force high 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low These bits determine the OUT3 driver mode 000 = LVDS 0.5 × 3.5 mA (1/2 amplitude) 001 = LVDS 0.75 × 3.5 mA (3/4 amplitude) 010 = LVDS 1 × 3.5 mA (default) 011 = LVDS 1.25 × 3.5 mA (1.25 amplitude) 100 = HSTL 1 × 3.5 mA (normal amplitude) 101 = HSTL 2 × 3.5 mA (double amplitude) 110 = high-Z/CMOS 111 = high-Z/CMOS 0b = default Setting this bit enables the OUT3P CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT3P CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables OUT3P CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT3P CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low Setting this bit enables the OUT3N CMOS driver 0 = disables the OUT3N CMOS driver (default) 1 = enables OUT3N CMOS driver These bits determine the phase of the OUT3N CMOS driver 00 = force high (default) 01 = noninverting 10 = inverting 11 = force low 00b = default Rev. A | Page 37 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet PACKAGING AND ORDERING INFORMATION OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 0.30 0.25 0.18 0.50 BSC PIN 1 INDICATOR 24 19 18 1 EXPOSED PAD TOP VIEW 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.50 0.40 0.30 13 12 2.65 2.50 SQ 2.45 6 7 0.25 MIN BOTTOM VIEW 0.05 MAX 0.02 NOM FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET. COPLANARITY 0.08 0.20 REF SEATING PLANE COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-WGGD. 04-12-2012-A PIN 1 INDICATOR 4.10 4.00 SQ 3.90 Figure 60. 24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ] 4 mm × 4 mm Body, Very Thin Quad (CP-24-7) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1 AD9508BCPZ AD9508BCPZ-REEL7 AD9508/PCBZ 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Package Description 24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_WQ) 24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_WQ) Evaluation Board Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. A | Page 38 of 40 Package Option CP-24-7 CP-24-7 Data Sheet AD9508 NOTES Rev. A | Page 39 of 40 AD9508 Data Sheet NOTES I2C refers to a communications protocol originally developed by Philips Semiconductors (now NXP Semiconductors). ©2013 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D11161-0-4/13(A) www.analog.com/AD9508 Rev. A | Page 40 of 40