AKM AK4569VN

ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
AK4569
20-Bit Stereo CODEC with IPGA & HP-AMP
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AK4569 is a 20bit CODEC with built-in Input PGA and Headphone Amplifier. The AK4569 includes a
microphone/line input selector and an ALC circuit for input, and a Mono line output buffer, analog volume
controls and stereo headphone amplifier for output. The AK4569 also features an analog mixing circuit
that allows easy interfacing in mobile phone and portable communication designs. The integrated
headphone amplifier features “pop-free” power-on/off, a mute control and delivers 8.7mW of power into
16Ω load via 6.8Ω series resistor. The AK4569 is housed in a 28pin QFN package, making it suitable for
portable applications.
FEATURE
† 2ch 20bit ADC
- S/N: 89dB
- Single-ended input
- 2 stereo inputs selector
- Analog input PGA: +32dB ∼ −19dB, Mute, 0.5dB step (MIC input)
+20dB ∼ −31dB, Mute, 0.5dB step (LINE input)
- Digital HPF for DC-offset cancellation
- I/F format: 20bit MSB justified, I2S
† 2ch 20bit DAC
- I/F Format: I2S, 20bit MSB justified, 20bit/16bit LSB justified
- Digital ATT: 0dB ∼ −127dB, Mute, 0.5dB step (soft transition)
- Soft mute
- Digital De-emphasis Filter: 32kHz, 44.1kHz and 48kHz
- Bass Boost Function
† Sampling Rate: 8kHz ∼ 48kHz
† System clock: 256fs/384fs/512fs
- Input level: CMOS or 1Vpp Analog Input
† Analog Mixing Circuit
† Mono Lineout
- Analog volume: 0dB ∼ −30dB, Mute, 2dB step
† Headphone Amplifier
- Output Power: 8.7mW x 2ch @16Ω load & 6.8Ω series resistor
- S/N: 90dB
† µP Interface: 3-wire
† Power management
† Power supply: 2.7V ∼ 3.6V
† Power dissipation: 15mA
† Ta: −40 ∼ 85°C
† Small Package: 28pin QFN (5.2mm x 5.2mm, 0.5mm pitch)
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
-1-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
AVDD
VREF
VREF
VCOM
VCOM
DVDD
IPGA & ADC
AINL1
AINL2
IPGA
MCLK
ADC
HPF
BICK
AINR1
AINR2
HP-amp
Audio I/F
Controller
DAC
HPL
LRCK
SDTO
HP-Amp
DAC
BOOST
DATT
SDTI
HPR
Control
MOUT
CSN
CCLK
Register
MOUT
CDTI
LIN
RIN
MIN
PDN
HVDD
HVSS
MUTET
AVSS
DVSS
Figure 1. Block diagram
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Ordering Guide
AK4569VN
AKD4569
−40 ∼ +85°C
28pin QFN (0.5mm pitch)
Evaluation board for AK4569
AINL1
AINR1
AINL2
AINR2
AVDD
AVSS
VCOM
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
„ Pin Layout
PDN
1
21
VREF
CSN
2
20
LIN
CCLK
3
19
RIN
CDTI
4
18
MIN
LRCK
5
17
MOUT
MCLK
6
16
MUTET
BICK
7
15
HPL
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SDTI
SDTO
DVDD
DVSS
HVSS
HVDD
HPR
Top View
„ Comparison Table between AK4566 and AK4569
Function
DAC Digital Filter
Stopband Attenuation (min)
Passband Ripple (max)
Frequency Response including
Analog Filter (0 ∼ 20.0kHz)
The condition to stop the external
clocks.
AK4566
AK4569
43dB
±0.06dB
59dB
±0.01dB
±0.5dB
±1.0dB
PDN pin = “L”
PDN pin = “L”
or PMADC=PMDAC bits = “0”
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
PIN/FUNCTION
No.
Pin Name
I/O
1
PDN
I
2
3
4
CSN
CCLK
CDTI
I
I
I
5
LRCK
I
6
MCLK
I
7
BICK
I
8
SDTI
I
9
SDTO
O
10
11
12
13
DVDD
DVSS
HVSS
HVDD
-
14
HPR
O
15
HPL
O
16
MUTET
O
17
MOUT
O
18
19
20
MIN
RIN
LIN
I
I
I
21
VREF
O
22
VCOM
O
23
24
25
26
27
28
AVSS
AVDD
AINR2
AINL2
AINR1
AINL1
I
I
I
I
Function
Power-down Pin
When “L”, the AK4569 is in power-down mode and is held in reset. The AK4569
should always be reset upon power-up.
Control Data Chip Select Pin
Control Clock Input Pin
Control Data Input Pin
L/R Clock Pin
This clock determines which audio channel is currently being output on SDTO pin and
input on SDTI pin.
Master Clock Input Pin
Serial Bit Clock Pin
This clock is used to latch audio data.
Audio Data Input Pin
Audio Data Output Pin
SDTO pin goes to DVSS when PDN pin is “L”.
Digital Power Supply Pin
Digital Ground Pin
Ground Pin for Headphone Amplifier
Power Supply Pin for Headphone Amplifier
Rch Headphone Amplifier Output Pin
HPR pin goes to HVSS when PDN pin is “L”.
Lch Headphone Amplifier Output Pin
HPL pin goes to HVSS when PDN pin is “L”.
Mute Time Constant Control Pin
A capacitor for mute time constant should be connected between MUTET pin and
HVSS pin. MUTET pin goes to HVSS when PDN pin is “L”.
Mono Analog Output Pin
MOUT pin goes to Hi-Z when PDN pin is “L”.
Mono Analog Input Pin
Rch Analog Input Pin
Lch Analog Input Pin
Reference Voltage Output Pin, 2.1V (typ, respect to AVSS)
Normally connected to AVSS pin with 0.1µF ceramic capacitor in parallel with a 4.7µF
electrolytic capacitor. VREF pin goes to AVSS when PDN pin is “L”.
Common Voltage Output Pin, 1.25V (typ, respect to AVSS)
Normally connected to AVSS pin with 0.1µF ceramic capacitor in parallel with a 2.2µF
electrolytic capacitor. VCOM pin goes to AVSS when PDN pin is “L”.
Analog Ground Pin
Analog Power Supply Pin
Rch Analog Input 2 Pin for ADC (MIC Input)
Lch Analog Input 2 Pin for ADC (MIC Input)
Rch Analog Input 1 Pin for ADC (LINE Input)
Lch Analog Input 1 Pin for ADC (LINE Input)
Note: No digital input pins must be left floating.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Handling of Unused Pin
The unused I/O pins should be processed appropriately as below.
Classification
Analog
Digital
Pin Name
HPR, HPL, MOUT, AINR2, AINL2,
AINR1, AINL1
SDTO
SDTI
Setting
These pins should be open.
This pin should be open.
This pin should be connected to DVSS.
ABSOLUATE MAXIMUM RATING
(AVSS, DVSS, HVSS=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Symbol
min
max
Power Supplies Analog
AVDD
−0.3
4.6
DVDD
4.6
Digital
−0.3
HVDD
4.6
HP-AMP
−0.3
∆GND1
0.3
|AVSS – HVSS|
(Note 2)
0.3
|AVSS – DVSS|
(Note 2)
∆GND2
Input Current (any pins except for supplies)
IIN
±10
Analog Input Voltage
(Note 3)
VINA
(AVDD+0.3) or 4.6
−0.3
Digital Input Voltage
(Note 4)
VIND
(DVDD+0.3) or 4.6
−0.3
Ambient Temperature
Ta
85
−40
Storage Temperature
Tstg
150
−65
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 2. AVSS, DVSS and HVSS must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
Note 3. MIN, RIN, LIN, AINR2, AINL2, AINR1, AINL1 pins.
Max is smaller value between (AVDD+0.3) and 4.6V.
Note 4. PDN, CSN, CCLK, CDTI, LRCK, MCLK, BICK, SDTI pins.
Max is smaller value between (DVDD+0.3) and 4.6V.
Units
V
V
V
V
V
mA
V
V
°C
°C
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMEND OPERATING CONDITIONS
(AVSS, DVSS, HVSS=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
2.5
Power Supplies Analog
V
3.6
3.0
AVDD
V
3.6 or (AVDD+0.3)
3.0
DVDD 2.5 or (AVDD−0.3)
Digital
(Note 5)
V
3.6
3.0
HVDD
HP-AMP
2.5
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 5. Min is larger value between 2.5V and (AVDD−0.3). Max is smaller value between 3.6V and (AVDD+0.3).
* AKM assumes no responsibility for usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=DVDD=HVDD=3.0V, AVSS =DVSS=HVSS=0V; fs=44.1kHz; BOOST OFF; Signal Frequency
=1kHz; Measurement band width=20Hz ∼ 20kHz; unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
min
Typ
max
Units
20
bit
ADC Resolution
IPGA Characteristics: (AINL1, AINR1 pins) (LINE IN)
Input Voltage
1.35
1.5
1.65
Vpp
Input Resistance
25
50
75
kΩ
Step Size
0.1
0.5
0.9
dB
Gain Control Range
+20
dB
−31
IPGA Characteristics: (AINL2, AINR2 pins) (MIC IN)
Input Voltage
1.35
1.5
1.65
Vpp
Input Resistance
6
12.5
19
kΩ
Step Size
0.1
0.5
0.9
dB
Gain Control Range
+32
dB
−19
(Note 6)
ADC Characteristics:
74
84
dB
S/(N+D)
(−1dB Input)
82
89
dB
D-Range
(−60dB Input, A-weighted))
S/N
(A-weighted)
82
89
dB
Interchannel Isolation
80
100
dB
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
0.2
0.5
dB
Power Supply Rejection
(Note 11)
50
dB
20
bit
DAC Resolution
Headphone-Amp: (HPL/HPR pins) (Note 7) Load impedance is a serial connection with RL =22.8Ω and CL=100µF.
S/(N+D)
(0dBFS Output)
50
70
dB
82
90
dB
D-Range
(−60dBFS Output, A-weighted)
S/N
(A-weighted)
82
90
dB
Interchannel Isolation
70
90
dB
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
0.2
0.5
dB
Load Resistance
(Note 8)
20
Ω
Load Capacitance (C1 in Figure 2)
30
pF
(C2 in Figure 2)
(Note 9)
300
pF
Output Voltage
1.35
1.5
1.65
Vpp
Power Supply Rejection
(Note 11)
50
dB
(Note 10)
Mono Output: (MOUT pin)
S/(N+D)
(0dBFS Output)
70
84
dB
S/N
(A-weighted)
82
90
dB
Load Resistance
(Note 8)
10
kΩ
Load Capacitance
30
pF
Output Voltage
1.35
1.5
1.65
Vpp
Power Supply Rejection
(Note 11)
50
dB
Output Volume: (MOUT pin)
Step Size
1
2
3
dB
Gain Control Range
0
dB
−30
Note 6. The signal inputs are AINL1/AINR1 or AINL2/AINR2. The value of the IPGA is set to 0dB. On-chip HPF
cancels the IPGA and ADC offsets.
Note 7. DACL=DACR= “1”, MINL=MINR=LIN=RIN= “0”, and ATTL=ATTR=0dB.
Note 8. AC Load
Note 9. A resistor greater than 6.8Ω is inserted in series.
Note 10. DACM= “1”, LINM=RINM=MINM= “0”, ATTL=ATTR=ATTM=0dB, and common mode signal is input to
L/Rch of DAC.
Note 11. PSR is applied to AVDD, DVDD and HVDD with 1kHz, 50mVpp.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
Parameter
min
typ
max
Units
Analog Input: (LIN/RIN/MIN pins)
Input Resistance
25
50
75
kΩ
Gain
dB
−5
−6
−7
LIN/RIN→MOUT
dB
+1
0
−1
MIN→MOUT, LIN/MIN→HPL, RIN/MIN→HPR
Power Supplies
Power Supply Current
Normal Operation (PDN= “H”)
mA
24
15
AVDD + DVDD + HVDD
(Note 12)
Power-Down Mode (PDN= “L”)
100
1
AVDD + DVDD + HVDD
(Note 13)
µA
Note 12. All blocks are powered-up (PMVCM=PMADC=PMDAC=PMHPL=PMHPR=PMMO= “1”), and HP-Amp
output is off. AVDD=9mA(typ), DVDD=3mA(typ), HVDD=3mA(typ).
9mA(typ) at playback only (PMVCM=PMDAC=PMHPL=PMHPR=PMMO= “1”, PMADC= “0”).
AVDD=4mA(typ), DVDD=2mA(typ), HVDD=3mA(typ).
Note 13. All digital input pins including clock pins (MCLK, BICK and LRCK) are held at DVDD or DVSS. PDN pin is
held at DVSS.
HP-Amp
+
HPL, HPR
> 6.8
100uF
+
C1
C2
16Ω
Figure 2. Headphone amp output circuit
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; AVDD, DVDD, HVDD=2.5 ∼ 3.6V; fs=44.1kHz; DEM=OFF; BOOST=OFF)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
ADC Digital Filter (LPF):
PB
0
17.4
kHz
Passband
(Note 15)
±0.1dB
20.0
kHz
−1.0dB
21.1
kHz
−3.0dB
Stopband
(Note 15)
SB
25.7
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
dB
±0.1
Stopband Attenuation
SA
65
dB
Group Delay
(Note 16)
GD
17.0
1/fs
Group Delay Distortion
0
∆GD
µs
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 15) −3dB
FR
3.4
Hz
10
Hz
−0.5dB
22
Hz
−0.1dB
DAC Digital Filter: (Note 14)
Passband
(Note 15) ±0.1dB
PB
0
19.6
kHz
20.0
kHz
−0.7dB
22.05
kHz
−6.0dB
Stopband
(Note 15)
SB
25.2
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
dB
±0.01
Stopband Attenuation
SA
59
dB
Group Delay
(Note 16)
GD
16.8
1/fs
Group Delay Distortion
0
∆GD
µs
DAC Digital Filter + Analog Filter: (Note 14)(Note 17)
FR
dB
Frequency Response
0 ∼ 20.0kHz
±1.0
BOOST Filter:
(Note 17) (Note 18)
dB
FR
20Hz
Frequency Response
5.74
dB
100Hz
MIN
2.92
dB
1kHz
0
dB
FR
20Hz
5.94
dB
100Hz
MID
4.71
dB
1kHz
0.14
20Hz
FR
dB
16.04
dB
MAX 100Hz
10.55
1kHz
dB
0.3
Note 14. BOOST OFF (BST1-0 = “00”)
Note 15. The passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs.
For example (DAC), PB=0.44*fs(@±0.1dB), SB=0.57*fs(@−59dB).
Note 16. This is the calculated delay time caused by digital filtering. This time is measured from the input of analog signal
to setting the 20 bit data of both channels on input register to the output register of ADC. This time also includes
group delay of HPF. For DAC, this time is from setting the 20 bit data of both channels on input register to the
output of analog signal.
Note 17. DACL Æ HPL, DACR Æ HPR, DACL/R Æ MOUT.
Note 18. These frequency responses scale with fs. If high-level signal is input, the AK4569 clips at low frequency.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
Boost Frequency (fs=44.1kHz)
Output Level [dB]
0
MAX
-5
MID
-10
-15
-20
MIN
-25
0.01
0.1
1
10
Frequency [kHz]
Figure 3. Boost Frequency (fs=44.1kHz)
DC CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; AVDD, DVDD, HVDD = 2.5 ∼ 3.6V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
High-Level Input Voltage
VIH
70%DVDD
Low-Level Input Voltage
VIL
Input Voltage at AC Coupling (Note 19)
VAC
1.0
VOH
DVDD−0.4
High-Level Output Voltage (Iout = −100µA)
VOL
Low-Level Output Voltage (Iout = 100µA)
Input Leakage Current
Iin
Note 19. When AC coupled capacitor is connected to MCLK pin.
MS0292-E-01
typ
max
30%DVDD
-
0.4
±10
Units
V
V
Vpp
V
V
µA
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; AVDD, DVDD, HVDD = 2.5 ∼ 3.6V: CL = 20pF)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
Master Clock Timing
MHz
2.048
24.576
fCLK
Frequency
ns
0.4/fCLK
tCLKL
Pulse Width Low
(Note 20)
ns
0.4/fCLK
tCLKH
Pulse Width High
(Note 20)
ns
0.4/fCLK
tACW
AC Pulse Width
(Note 21)
LRCK Timing
kHz
44.1
48
8
fs
Frequency
%
55
45
Duty
Duty Cycle
Serial Interface Timing (Note 22)
ns
325.5
tBCK
BICK Period
ns
130
tBCKL
BICK Pulse Width Low
ns
130
tBCKH
Pulse Width High
ns
50
tLRB
LRCK Edge to BICK “↑”
(Note 23)
ns
50
tBLR
BICK “↑” to LRCK Edge
(Note 23)
ns
80
tLRS
LRCK to SDTO(MSB)
ns
80
tBSD
BICK “↓” to SDTO
ns
50
tSDH
SDTI Hold Time
ns
50
tSDS
SDTI Setup Time
Control Interface Timing
ns
200
tCCK
CCLK Period
ns
80
tCCKL
CCLK Pulse Width Low
ns
80
tCCKH
Pulse Width High
ns
40
tCDS
CDTI Setup Time
ns
40
tCDH
CDTI Hold Time
ns
150
tCSW
CSN “H” Time
ns
50
tCSS
CSN “↓” to CCLK “↑”
ns
50
tCSH
CCLK “↑” to CSN “↑”
Power-down & Reset Timing
tPD
150
ns
PDN Pulse Width
(Note 24)
tPDV
2081
1/fs
PMADC “↑” to SDTO valid
(Note 25)
Note 20. Except AC coupling.
Note 21. Pulse width to ground level when MCLK is connected to a capacitor in series and a resistor is connected to
ground. (Refer to Figure 4.)
Note 22. Refer to “Serial Data Interface”.
Note 23. BICK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge.
Note 24. The AK4569 can be reset by bringing PDN= “L” to “H” only upon power up.
Note 25. This is the count of LRCK “↑” from PMADC bit=”1”.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 10 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Timing Diagram
1/fCLK
tACW
1000pF
MCLK Input
tACW
Measurement Point
100kΩ
AVSS
AVSS
Figure 4. MCLK AC Coupling Timing
1/fCLK
VIH
MCLK
VIL
tCLKH
tCLKL
1/fs
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tBCK
VIH
BICK
VIL
tBCKH
tBCKL
Figure 5. Clock Timing
MS0292-E-01
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tLRB
tBLR
VIH
BICK
VIL
tLRS
tBSD
SDTO
50%DVDD
tSDS
tSDH
VIH
SDTI
VIL
Figure 6. Serial Interface Timing
VIH
CSN
VIL
tCSS
tCCKL tCCKH
VIH
CCLK
VIL
tCDS
CDTI
C1
tCDH
C0
R/W
VIH
A4
VIL
Figure 7. WRITE Command Input Timing
tCSW
VIH
CSN
VIL
tCSH
VIH
CCLK
CDTI
VIL
D3
D2
D1
D0
VIH
VIL
Figure 8. WRITE Data Input Timing
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
VIH
CSN
VIL
tPDV
SDTO
50%DVDD
tPD
PDN
VIL
Figure 9. Power-down & Reset Timing
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
OPERATION OVERVIEW
„ System Clock
The external clocks required to operate the AK4569 are MCLK(256fs/384fs/512fs), LRCK(fs) and BICK. The master
clock (MCLK) should be synchronized with sampling clock (LRCK). The phase between these clocks does not matter.
The frequency of MCLK is detected automatically, and the internal master clock becomes the appropriate frequency.
Table 1 shows system clock example.
LRCK
fs
8kHz
11.025kHz
12kHz
16kHz
22.05kHz
24kHz
32kHz
44.1kHz
48kHz
256fs
2.048
2.8224
3.072
4.096
5.6448
6.144
8.192
11.2896
12.288
MCLK (MHz)
384fs
3.072
4.2336
4.608
6.144
8.4672
9.216
12.288
16.9344
18.432
512fs
4.096
5.6448
6.144
8.192
11.2896
12.288
16.384
22.5792
24.576
BICK (MHz)
64fs
0.512
0.7056
0.768
1.024
1.4112
1.536
2.048
2.8224
3.072
Table 1. System Clock Example
External clocks (MCLK, BICK and LRCK) are needed to operate ADC or DAC. All external clocks (MCLK, BICK and
LRCK) should always be present whenever the ADC or DAC is in normal operation mode (PMADC bit = “1” or PMDAC
bit = “1”). If these clocks are not provided, the AK4569 may draw excess current and will not operate properly because it
utilizes these clocks for internal dynamic refresh of registers. If the external clocks are not present, AK4569 should be
placed in power-down mode (PDN pin = “L” or PMADC bit = PMDAC bit = “0”). When MCLK is input with AC
coupling, the MCKAC bit should be set to “1”. If MCLK with AC coupling stops, MCKPD bit should be set to “1”.
For low sampling rates, outband noise causes both DR and S/N to degrade. DR and S/N are improved by setting DFS bit
to “1”. Table 2 shows S/N of DAC output for both the HP-amp and MOUT. When the DFS bit is “1”, MCLK needs 512fs.
During normal operation, when the ADC or DAC sampling frequency is changed (PMADC bit = “1” or PMDAC bit =
“1”), the DAC output should be soft-muted or “0” data should be input to avoid pop noise.
DFS
fs
MCLK
0
1
8kHz∼48kHz
8kHz∼24kHz
256fs/384fs/512fs
512fs
S/N (fs=8kHz, A-weighted)
HP-amp
MOUT
84dB
84dB
90dB
88dB
Default
Table 2. Relationship among fs, MCLK frequency and S/N of HP-amp and MOUT
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Serial Data Interface
The AK4569 interfaces with external systems via the BICK, LRCK, SDTO and SDTI pins. Four data formats are
available and are selected by setting DIF1 and DIF0 bits (Table 3). Mode 0 of SDTI is compatible with existing 16bit
DACs and digital filters. Mode 1 of SDTI is a 20bit version of Mode 0. Mode 2 of SDTI is similar to AKM ADCs and
many DSP serial ports. Mode 3 is compatible with the I2S serial data protocol. In SDTI Modes 2 and 3, the following
formats are also valid: 16-bit data followed by four zeros and 18-bit data followed by two zeros. In all modes, the serial
data is MSB first and 2’s complement format.
Mode
0
1
2
3
DIF1
0
0
1
1
DIF0
0
1
0
1
SDTO
20bit, MSB justified
20bit, MSB justified
20bit, MSB justified
IIS (I2S)
SDTI
16bit, LSB justified
20bit, LSB justified
20bit, MSB justified
IIS (I2S)
BICK
≥ 32fs
≥ 40fs
≥ 40fs
32fs or ≥ 40fs
LRCK
H/L
H/L
H/L
L/H
Default
Table 3. Audio Data Format
LRCK
0
1
2
16
17
18
19
20
21
31
0
1
2
16
17
18
19
20
21
31
0
1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
19 18
SDTI(i)
4
3
Don’t Care
0
1
2
1
0
15 14 13
12
8
2
9
10
11
19 18
11
12
1
13
14
3
Don’t Care
0
15
4
0
1
2
1
0
15 14 13
2
8
9
10
19
12
11
11
12
1
13
14
0
15
0
1
BICK(32fs)
SDTO(o)
19 18
12 11
SDTI(i)
15 14
8
7
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
19 18
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
15 14
12 11
8
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
19
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
15
7
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 10. Mode 0 Timing
LRCK
0
1
2
12
13
14
20
21
31
0
1
2
12
13
14
20
21
31
0
1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
SDTI(i)
19 18
Don’t Care
8
7
6
0
19 18
12
19 18
11
1
0
Don’t Care
Lch Data
8
7
6
0
19 18
12
19
11
1
0
Rch Data
Figure 11. Mode 1 Timing
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 15 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
LRCK
0
1
2
15
16
17
18
19
20
30
31
0
1
2
15
16
17
18
19
20
30
31
0
1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
19 18
4
SDTI(i)
16bit
15 14
0
SDTI(i)
18bit
17 16
2
1
0
SDTI(i)
20bit
19 18
4
3
2
3
2
1
0
1
0
19 18
4
3
Don’t Care
15 14
0
Don’t Care
17 16
2
1
0
Don’t Care
19 18
4
3
2
Lch Data
2
1
0
1
19
0
Don’t Care
15
Don’t Care
17
Don’t Care
19
Rch Data
Figure 12. Mode 2 Timing
LRCK
0
1
2
3
16
17
18
19
20
21
30
31
0
1
2
3
16
17
18
19
20
21
30
31
0
1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
19 18
4
SDTI(i)
16bit
15 14
0
SDTI(i)
18bit
17 16
2
1
0
SDTI(i)
20bit
19 18
4
3
2
0
1
2
3
8
3
9
2
10
1
0
1
11
0
12
19 18
4
Don’t Care
15 14
0
Don’t Care
17 16
2
1
0
Don’t Care
19 18
4
3
2
13
14
15
0
1
2
3
8
3
2
1
0
Don’t Care
9
10
Don’t Care
1
11
Don’t Care
0
12
13
14
15
0
1
BICK(32fs)
SDTO(o)
4
19 18
SDTI(i)
0
15 14
12 11
8
7
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
19 18
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
15 14
Lch Data
12 11
8
7
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Rch Data
Figure 13. Mode 3 Timing
„ Digital High Pass Filter
The AK4569 has a Digital High Pass Filter (HPF) to cancel DC-offsets in the ADC and IPGA. The cut-off frequency of
the HPF is 3.4Hz at fs=44.1kHz. This filter scales with the sampling frequency (fs).
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ ALC Operation
[1] ALC Limiter Operation
During the ALC limiter operation, when either Lch or Rch exceeds ALC limiter detection level (LMTH), IPGA value is
attenuated by ALC limiter ATT step (LMAT1-0) automatically. The IPGA is then set to the same value for both channels.
When ZELMN = “1”, the timeout period is set by LTM1-0 bits. The attenuation operation is done continuously until the
input signal level becomes LMTH or less. After finishing the attenuation operation, if ALC bit does not change to “0”, the
operation repeats when the input signal level exceeds LMTH.
When ZELMN = “0”, the ALC limiter operation is attenuated by the ZTM1-0 bits setting. The IPGA value is
automatically attenuated using zero crossing detection.
The ALC operation of the AK4569 corresponds to the impulse noise. If the impulse noise is supplied at ZELMN = “0”,
the ALC limiter operation becomes faster period than a set of ZTM1-0 bits. In case of ZELMN = “1”, it becomes the same
period as LTM1-0 bits.
[2] ALC Recovery Operation
The ALC recovery operation waits for the WTM1-0 bits to be set after completing the ALC limiter. If the input signal
does not exceed “ALC recovery waiting counter reset level (LMTH)”, the ALC recovery operation is done. The IPGA
value is automatically incremented by this operation up to the set reference level (REF6-0) with zero crossing detection
which timeout period is set by ZTM1-0 bits. Then the IPGA value is set for both Lch and Rch. The ALC recovery
operation is done at a period set by WTM1-0 bits. When zero cross is detected at the IPGA output during the wait period
set by WTM1-0 bits, the ALC recovery operation waits until WTM1-0 period and the next recovery operation is done.
During the ALC recovery operation or the recovery waiting, when either input signal level of Lch or Rch in IPGA exceeds
the ALC limiter detection level (LMTH), the ALC recovery operation changes into the ALC limiter operation
immediately.
When
(ALC recovery waiting counter reset level: LMTH) ≤ (IPGA output level) < (ALC limiter detection level: LMTH)
during the ALC recovery operation, the ALC recovery operation wait timer is reset. Therefore, when
(ALC recovery waiting counter reset level: LMTH) > (IPGA output level),
the ALC recovery operation wait timer starts.
The ALC operation of the AK4569 corresponds to the impulse noise. If the impulse noise is supplied, the ALC recovery
operation becomes faster period than a set of ZTM1-0 or WTM1-0 bits.
Others:
When either channel enters the limiter operation while waiting time for a zero crossing, the present ALC recovery
operation stops, according as the small value of IPGA (a channel waiting zero crossing), the ALC limiter operation is
done. When both channels are waiting for the next ALC recovery operation, the ALC limiter operation is done from the
IPGA value of a point in time.
ZTM1-0 bits set zero crossing timeout and WTM1-0 bits set the ALC recovery operation period. When the ALC recovery
waiting time (WTM1-0 bits) is shorter than zero crossing timeout period (ZTM1-0 bits), the ALC recovery is operated by
the zero crossing timeout period. Therefore, in this case, the ALC recovery operation period is not constant.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 17 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
[3] ALC Operation Example
The following registers should not be changed during the ALC operation:
LTM1-0, LMTH, LMAT1-0, WTM1-0, ZTM1-0, RATT, REF6-0, ZELMN.
Manual mode
WR (Power Management Control & Signal Select)
WR (ZTM1-0, WTM1-0, LTM1-0)
WR (LMAT1-0, RATT, LMTH)
WR (REF6-0)
WR (IPGA6-0)
* The value of IPGA should be the
same or smaller than REF’s.
WR (ALC= “1”,ZELMN)
ALC Operation
No
Finish ALC mode?
Yes
WR (ALC=”0”)
Finish ALC mode and return to Manual mode
Figure 14. Registers set-up sequence at ALC operation (WR=Write)
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ IPGA Operation
[Write Operation at ALC Enabled]
The values of IPGA6-0 bits are ignored during ALC operation.
[Write Operation at ALC Disabled]
Channel independent zero crossing detection is used. If there are no zero crossings, then the level will change after a
timeout. The ZTM1-0 bits set the zero crossing timeout. When a µP writes to the IPGA6-0 bits, the zero crossing counter
is reset and starts. When the IPGA output signal detects zero crossing or a zero crossing timeout, the written value from
the µP becomes valid.
When writing to the IPGA6-0 bits continually, the control register should be written by an interval
more than zero crossing timeout. If not, there is a possibility that each IPGA of L/R channels has a different gain.
[IPGA Gain after completing ALC operation]
The IPGA6-0 bits are not updated by the actual gain of IPGA changed during ALC operation. In order to set the actual
gain of IPGA with the IPGA6-0 bits, the IPGA6-0 bits should be written after zero crossing timeout period when
completing ALC operation (ALC bit= “1” Æ “0”).
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 19 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Digital Attenuator
The AK4569 has a channel-independent digital attenuator (256 levels, 0.5dB step). This digital attenuator is placed before
the D/A converter. ATTL/R7-0 bits set the attenuation level (0dB to −127dB or MUTE) for each channel (Table 19). At
DATTC= “1”, ATTL7-0 bits control both Lch and Rch attenuation levels. At DATTC= “0”, ATTL7-0 bits control the
Lch level and ATTR7-0 bits control the Rch level.
The ATS bit sets the transition time between set values of ATT7-0 bits as either 1061/fs or 7424/fs (Table 15). When
ATS= “0”, a soft transition between the set values occurs(1062 levels). It takes 1061/fs (24ms@fs=44.1kHz) from
FFH(0dB) to 00H(MUTE). The ATTs are 00H when the PMDAC bit is “0”. When the PMDAC returns to “1”, the ATTs
fade to their current value. Digital attenuator is independent of the soft mute function.
„ Soft Mute
Soft mute operation is performed in the digital domain. When SMUTE bit goes to “1”, the output signal is attenuated by
−∞ (“0”) via the cycle set by TM1-0 bit (Table 18). When SMUTE bit returns to “0”, the mute is cancelled and the output
attenuation gradually changes to 0dB via the cycle set by TM1-0 bits. If the soft mute is cancelled within the cycle set by
TM1-0 bits after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to 0dB. The soft mute is effective for
changing the signal source without stopping the signal transmission.
SMUTE bit
TM1-0 bit
TM1-0 bit
0dB
(1)
(3)
Attenuation
-∞
GD
(2)
GD
Analog Output
Figure 15. Soft Mute Function
NOTE:
(1) The output signal is attenuated until −∞ (“0”) by the cycle set by TM1-0 bits.
(2) Analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (GD).
(3) If the soft mute is cancelled within the cycle set by TM1-0 bits, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to
0dB(the setting value).
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 20 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ De-emphasis Filter
The AK4569 includes a digital de-emphasis filter (tc = 50/15µs) by IIR filter corresponding to three sampling frequencies
(32kHz, 44.1kHz and 48kHz). The de-emphasis filter is enabled by setting DEM1-0 bits (Table 16).
„ Bass Boost Function
By controlling BST1-0 bits, the low frequency boost signal can be output from DAC. The setting value is common in Lch
and Rch (Table 17).
The cut-off frequency (fc) of HPF depends on the external resistor and capacitor values. Table 4 shows the relationship of
external resistor, capacitor, fc and output power, where load resistance of headphone is 16Ω. Output level of headphone
amp is 1.5Vpp (typ).
HP-AMP
R
C
Headphone
16Ω
AK4569
Figure 16. External Circuit Example of Headphone
fc [Hz]
fc [Hz]
Output Power [mW]
BOOST=OFF
BOOST=MID
47
148.6
65
6.8
8.7
100
69.8
27
47
105.8
43
16
4.4
100
49.7
20
Table 4. Relationship of external circuit, output power and frequency response
R [Ω]
C [µF]
Note: Cut-off frequency (fc) at BOOST=MID is approximate value.
„ System Reset
The AK4569 should be reset once by bringing PDN “L” upon power-up. After exiting reset, VCOM, IPGA, ADC, DAC,
HPL, HPR and MOUT switch to the power-down state. The contents of the control register are maintained until the reset
is done.
ADC exits reset and power down state by MCLK after PMADC bit is changed to “1”, and then ADC is powered up and
the internal timing starts clocking by LRCK “↑”. ADC is in the power-down mode until MCLK and LRCK are input.
DAC also exits reset and power down state when MCLK and LRCK are input after PMDAC= “1”.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 21 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Power-Up/Down Sequence
1) ADC
Power Supply
(1) >150ns
PDN pin
HPLMT,
HPRMT bit
(2)
>0
PMVCM bit
Don’t care
(4)
Clock Input
Don’t care
PMADC bit
(3) >0
ADC Internal
State
(6) 2081/fs
PD(Power-down)
Init Cycle
(6) 2081/fs
Normal Operation
PD
(Hi-Z)
Normal Operation
(Hi-Z)
(5)
AIN pin
Init Cycle
(7) GD
(7) GD
(7) GD
SDTO pin
Figure 17. Power-up/down sequence of ADC
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PDN pin should be set to “H” at least 150ns after the power is supplied.
HPLMT, HPRMT and PMVCM bits should be changed to “1” after PDN pin goes to “H”.
PMADC bit should be changed to “1” after HPLMT, HPRMT and PMVCM bits are changed to “1”.
External clocks (MCLK, BICK, LRCK) are needed to operate ADC.
When PMADC bit is changed to “1”, each AIN pin is biased to VCOM voltage. Rising time constant is determined
by input capacitor for AC coupling and input resistance. In case of AINL2/AINR2 and 1µF input capacitor, time
constant is
τ = 1µF x 12.5kΩ = 12.5ms (typ)
(6) The analog part of ADC is initialized during 2081/fs(=47ms@fs=44.1kHz) after exiting the power-down state.
SDTO is “L” at that time.
(7) Digital output corresponding to analog input has the group delay (GD) of 17.0/fs(=385µs@fs=44.1kHz).
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 22 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
2) DAC → HP-amp
Power supply voltage for headphone amp is supplied from HVDD pin and centered on VCOM. Load resistance of
headphone output is min.20Ω. When PMHPL and PMHPR bit are “0”, headphone amplifiers are powered-down
perfectly. Then HPL and HPR pins are fixed to “L” (HVSS) and a capacitor of MUTET pin works to avoid pop noise.
Power Supply
(9)
(1)
>150ns
PDN pin
(2) >0
PMVCM bit
Don’t care
Don’t care
(4)
Clock Input
(3) >0
PMDAC bit
DAC Internal
State
Normal Operation
PD
PD
Normal Operation
PD
SDTI pin
PMHPL/R bit
HPLMT,
HPRMT bit
ATTL/R7-0 bit
FFH(0dB)
00H(MUTE)
(7) GD
(5)
00H(MUTE)
(8) 1061/fs (7)
(8)
FFH(0dB)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(8)
00H(MUTE)
(7)
(8)
(6)
HPL/R pin
Figure 18. Power-up/down sequence of DAC and HP-amp
(1) PDN pin should be set to “H” at least 150ns after the power is supplied.
(2) HPLMT, HPRMT and PMVCM bits should be changed to “1” after PDN pin goes to “H”.
(3) PMDAC, PMHPL, PMHPR bits should be changed to “1” and HPLMT, HPRMT bits should be changed to “0” after
HPLMT, HPRMT, PMVCM bits are changed to “1”. Once PMHPL and PMHPR bits are changed to “1”, HPLMT
and HPRMT bits should be inverted from PMHPL and PMHPR bits respectively.
(4) External clocks (MCLK, BICK, LRCK) are needed to operate DAC. When PMDAC bit = “0”, these clocks can be
stopped. Headphone amp can operate without these clocks.
(5) Rise time of headphone amp is determined by external capacitor of MUTET pin. When C=1µF,
Rise Time Constant of Headphone Amp: τ = 100ms
(6) Fall time of headphone amp is determined by output capacitor for AC coupling. When C=100µF,
Fall Time Constant of Headphone Amp: τ = 200ms
(7) Analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (GD) of 16.8/fs(=381µs@fs=44.1kHz).
(8) ATS bit sets transition time of digital attenuator. Default value is 1061/fs(=24ms@fs=44.1kHz).
(9) Power supply should be switched off after headphone amp is powered down (HPL/R pins become “L”).
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
3) DAC → MOUT
Power Supply
(1) >150ns
PDN pin
HPLMT,
HPRMT bit
(2)
>0
PMVCM bit
Don’t care
(4)
Clock Input
Don’t care
PMDAC bit
(3) >0
DAC Internal
State
Normal Operation
PD(Power-down)
PD
Normal Operation
SDTI pin
PMMO bit
ATTL/R7-0 bit
MMUTE,
ATTM3-0 bit
(Hi-Z)
FFH(0dB)
0FH(0dB)
10H(MUTE)
(6) GD
MOUT pin
00H(MUTE)
FFH(0dB)
00H(MUTE)
(7) 1061/fs (6)
(5)
(7)
(6)
(7)
(5)
(5)
(Hi-Z)
Figure 19. Power-up/down sequence of DAC and MOUT
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PDN pin should be set to “H” at least 150ns after the power is supplied.
HPLMT, HPRMT and PMVCM bits should be changed to “1” after PDN pin goes to “H”.
PMDAC and PMMO bits should be changed to “1” after HPLMT, HPRMT and PMVCM bits are changed to “1”.
External clocks (MCLK, BICK, LRCK) are needed to operate DAC. When PMDAC= “0”, these clocks can be
stopped. MOUT buffer can operate without these clocks.
(5) When PMMO bit is changed to “1”, pop noise is output from MOUT pin.
(6) Analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (GD) of 16.8/fs(=381µs@fs=44.1kHz).
(7) ATS bit sets transition time of digital attenuator. Default value is 1061/fs(=24ms@fs=44.1kHz).
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
4) LIN/RIN/MIN → HP-amp, MOUT
Power Supply
(1) >150ns
PDN pin
(2) >0
PMVCM bit
Don’t care
(3) >0
PMHPL/R bit,
PMMO bit
HPLMT,
HPRMT bit
(4)
LIN/RIN/MIN pin
(Hi-Z)
(Hi-Z)
(6)
(5)
(5)
HPL/R pin
MMUTE,
ATTM3-0 bit
MOUT pin
10H(MUTE)
(Hi-Z)
0FH(0dB)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(Hi-Z)
Figure 20. Power-up/down sequence of LIN/RIN/MIN, HP-amp and MOUT
(1) PDN pin should be set to “H” at least 150ns after the power is supplied.
(2) HPLMT, HPRMT and PMVCM bits should be changed to “1” after PDN pin goes to “H”.
(3) PMHPL, PMHPR, PMMO bits should be changed to “1” and HPLMT, HPRMT bits should be changed to “0” after
HPLMT, HPRMT, PMVCM bits are changed to “1”. Once PMHPL and PMHPR bits are changed to “1”, HPLMT
and HPRMT bits should be inverted from PMHPL and PMHPR bits respectively.
(4) When PMHPL, PMHPR or PMMO bit is changed to “1”, LIN, RIN and MIN are biased to VCOM voltage. Rising
time constant is determined by input capacitor for AC coupling and input resistance 50kΩ (typ). In case of 0.1µF
input capacitor, time constant is
τ = 0.1µF x 50kΩ = 5ms (typ)
(5) Rise time of headphone amp is determined by external capacitor of MUTET pin. When C=1µF,
Rise Time Constant of Headphone Amp: τ = 100ms
(6) Fall time of headphone amp is determined by output capacitor for AC coupling. When C=100µF,
Fall Time Constant of Headphone Amp: τ = 200ms
(7) When PMMO bit is changed to “1”, pop noise is output from MOUT pin.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Serial Control Interface
Internal registers may be written via to the 3 wire µP interface pins (CSN, CCLK and CDTI). The data on this interface
consists of Chip address (2bits, Fixed to “10”), Read/Write (1bit, Fixed to “1”, Write only), Register address (MSB first,
5bits) and Control data (MSB first, 8bits). Address and data is clocked in on the rising edge of CCLK. For write
operations, data is latched after a low-to-high transition of CSN. The clock speed of CCLK is 5MHz(max). The value of
internal registers is initialized at PDN= “L”.
CSN
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
CCLK
CDTI
C1 C0 R/W A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
C1-C0: Chip Address (Fixed to “10”)
R/W: Read/Write (Fixed to “1” : Write only)
A4-A0: Register Address
D7-D0: Control Data
Figure 21. Control Interface
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Register Map
Addr
00H
01H
02H
03H
04H
05H
06H
07H
08H
09H
0AH
0BH
0CH
Register Name
Power Management
Input Select
Timer Select
ALC Mode Control 1
ALC Mode Control 2
IPGA Control
Mode Control
DAC Control
Output Select 0
Output Select 1
DAC Lch ATT
DAC Rch ATT
MOUT ATT
D7
D6
HPRMT
HPLMT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
REF6
IPGA6
MCKAC
MCKPD
TM1
0
0
ATTL7
ATTR7
0
TM0
0
0
ATTL6
ATTR6
0
D5
PMMO
0
ZTM1
ALC
REF5
IPGA5
0
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
PMHPR
PMHPL
PMDAC
PMADC
PMVCM
ADM
ZTM0
INR2
WTM1
INR1
WTM0
ZELMN
LMAT1
LMAT0
REF4
IPGA4
ATS
REF2
IPGA2
DIF1
BST0
MINL
RINM
ATTL2
ATTR2
INL2
LTM1
RATT
REF1
IPGA1
DIF0
DEM1
LINL
LINM
ATTL1
ATTR1
INL1
LTM0
LMTH
REF0
IPGA0
DFS
DEM0
DACL
DACM
ATTL0
ATTR0
ATTM2
ATTM1
ATTM0
SMUTE
DATTC
MINR
0
ATTL5
ATTR5
0
RINR
0
ATTL4
ATTR4
REF3
IPGA3
HPM
BST1
DACR
MINM
ATTL3
ATTR3
MMUTE
ATTM3
All registers inhibit writing at PDN pin = “L”.
Note: Unused bits must contain a “0” value.
Note: For addresses from 0DH to 1FH, data must not be written.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Register Definitions
Addr
00H
Register Name
Power Management
Default
D7
D6
HPRMT
HPLMT
0
0
D5
PMMO
0
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
PMHPR
PMHPL
PMDAC
PMADC
PMVCM
0
0
0
0
0
PMVCM: Power Management for VCOM Block
0: Power OFF (Default)
1: Power ON
PMADC: Power Management for IPGA and ADC Blocks
0: Power OFF (Default)
1: Power ON
MCLK should be present when PMADC bit= “1”.
PMDAC: Power Management for DAC Blocks
0: Power OFF (Default)
1: Power ON
When PMDAC bit is changed from “0” to “1”, DAC is powered-up to the current register values (ATT
value, sampling rate, etc).
PMHPL: Power Management for Lch of Headphone Amp
0: Power OFF (Default). HPL pin becomes HVSS(0V).
1: Power ON
PMHPR: Power Management for Rch of Headphone Amp
0: Power OFF (Default). HPR pin becomes HVSS(0V).
1: Power ON
PMMO: Power Management for Mono Output
0: Power OFF (Default) MOUT pin becomes Hi-Z.
1: Power ON
HPLMT: Mute for Lch of Headphone Amp
0: Normal operation (Default). MUTET pin is connected to VCOM pin internally.
1: Mute. MUTET pin is connected to HPL pin internally.
HPLMT: Mute for Rch of Headphone Amp
0: Normal operation (Default). MUTET pin is connected to VCOM pin internally.
1: Mute. MUTET pin is connected to HPR pin internally.
HPLMT
HPRMT
MUTET
0
0
Connected to VCOM
0
1
Connected to HPR
1
0
Connected to HPL
1
1
Connected to HPL,HPR
Table 5. MUTET internal connection
All blocks can be powered-down by setting the PDN pin to “L” regardless of register values setup. In this case, all
control register values are initialized.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 28 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
01H
Register Name
Input Select
Default
[AK4569]
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
0
0
D4
ADM
0
D3
INR2
0
D2
INR1
1
D1
INL2
0
D0
INL1
1
INL2-1: Select ON/OFF of IPGA Lch input.
0: OFF
1: ON
Default: INL2=0, INL1=1
INR2-1: Select ON/OFF of IPGA Rch input.
0: OFF
1: ON
Default: INR2=0, INR1=1
ADM: Mono Recording Mode
0: Stereo (Default)
1: MONO
When ADM= “1”, input signal to AINL1 or AINL2 pin is input to both Lch and Rch of ADC.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 29 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
02H
[AK4569]
Register Name
Timer Select
Default
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
ZTM1
0
D4
ZTM0
0
D3
WTM1
0
D2
WTM0
0
D1
LTM1
0
D0
LTM0
0
LTM1-0: ALC limiter operation period (Table 6)
When zero crossing is disabled (ZELMN = “1”), the IPGA value is changed immediately by ALC limiter
operation. When the IPGA value is changed continuously, the change is done by the period specified by
LTM1-0 bits. Default: “00”.
ALC Limiter Operation Period
8kHz
16kHz
44.1kHz
0
0.5/fs
Default
63µs
31µs
11µs
1
1/fs
125µs
63µs
23µs
0
2/fs
250µs
125µs
45µs
1
4/fs
500µs
250µs
91µs
Table 6. ALC Limiter Operation Period at zero crossing disable (ZELMN bit= “1”)
LTM1
0
0
1
1
LTM0
WTM1-0: ALC Recovery Waiting Period (Table 7)
WTM1-0 bits set the recovery operation period when any limiter operation does not occur during an ALC
operation. Default: “00”.
WTM1
WTM0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
ALC Recovery Operation Waiting Period
8kHz
16kHz
44.1kHz
128/fs
16ms
8ms
2.9ms
256/fs
32ms
16ms
5.8ms
512/fs
64ms
32ms
11.6ms
1024/fs
128ms
64ms
23.2ms
Table 7. ALC Recovery Operation Waiting Period
Default
ZTM1-0: ALC Zero Crossing Timeout Period (Table 8)
When IPGA output detects zero crossing or timeout, the IPGA value is changed by a µP WRITE operation,
ALC recovery operation, or ALC limiter operation. Default: “00”.
ZTM1
ZTM0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Zero Crossing Timeout Period
8kHz
16kHz
44.1kHz
128/fs
16ms
8ms
2.9ms
256/fs
32ms
16ms
5.8ms
512/fs
64ms
32ms
11.6ms
1024/fs
128ms
64ms
23.2ms
Table 8. Zero Crossing Timeout Period
MS0292-E-01
Default
2005/07
- 30 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
03H
[AK4569]
Register Name
ALC Mode Control 1
Default
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
ALC
0
D4
D3
D2
ZELMN
LMAT1
LMAT0
0
0
0
D1
RATT
0
D0
LMTH
0
LMTH: ALC Limiter Detection Level / Recovery Waiting Counter Reset Level (Table 9)
LMTH
0
1
ALC Limiter Detection Level
ALC Recovery Waiting Counter Reset Level
ADC Input ≥ −6.0dBFS
−6.0dBFS > ADC Input ≥ −8.0dBFS
ADC Input ≥ −4.0dBFS
−4.0dBFS > ADC Input ≥ −6.0dBFS
Table 9. ALC1 Limiter Detection Level / Recovery Waiting Counter Reset Level
Default
RATT: ALC Recovery GAIN Step (Table 10)
During the ALC recovery operation, the number of steps changed from the current IPGA value is set. For
example, when the current IPGA value is 3FH, RATT = “1” is set, the IPGA changes to 41H due to the
ALC recovery operation, the output signal level is gained by 1dB (=0.5dB x 2). When the IPGA value
exceeds the reference level (REF6-0 bits), the IPGA value does not increase.
RATT
GAIN STEP
0
1
Default
1
2
Table 10. ALC Recovery Gain Step Setting
LMAT1-0: ALC Limiter ATT Step (Table 11)
During the ALC limiter operation, when either Lch or Rch exceeds the ALC limiter detection level set by
LMTH bit, LMAT1-0 bits set the number of steps attenuated from the current IPGA value. For example,
when the current IPGA value is 3FH when LMAT1-0 bit = “11”, the IPGA value changes to 3BH by the
ALC limiter operation, the input signal level is attenuated by 2dB (=0.5dB x 4). When the attenuation value
exceeds IPGA = “00H” (Mute), it clips to “00H”.
LMAT1
LMAT0
ATT STEP
0
0
1
Default
0
1
2
1
0
3
1
1
4
Table 11. ALC Limiter ATT Step Setting
ZELMN: Zero Crossing Detection Enable at ALC Limiter Operation
0: Enable (Default)
1: Disable
In case of ZELMN = “0”, when IPGA output detects zero crossing or timeout, the IPGA value is changed
by the ALC operation. Zero crossing timeout is the same as ALC recovery operation. In case of ZELMN =
“1”, the IPGA value is changed immediately.
ALC: ALC Enable Flag
0: ALC Disable (Default)
1: ALC Enable
ALC is enabled at ALC bit is “1”. Default: “0” (Disable).
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
Addr
04H
[AK4569]
Register Name
ALC Mode Control 2
Default
D7
0
0
D6
REF6
0
D5
REF5
1
D4
REF4
1
D3
REF3
1
D2
REF2
1
D1
REF1
1
D0
REF0
1
REF6-0: Reference Value at ALC Recovery Operation, 0.5dB step, 103 levels, Default: “3FH” (Table 12)
During the ALC recovery operation, if the IPGA value exceeds the set reference value by gain operation,
IPGA does not become larger than the reference value. For example, when REF= “40H”, RATT= “1” (2
step) and IPGA= “3FH”, then IPGA is going to become 3FH + 2step = 41H, but IPGA becomes 40H in
fact, since REF=40H.
GAIN
AINL1, AINR1 AINL2, AINR2
(LINE IN)
(MIC IN)
67H
+20.0dB
+32.0dB
66H
+19.5dB
+31.5dB
65H
+19.0dB
+31.0dB
:
:
:
3FH
0dB
+12.0dB
Default
:
:
:
27H
0dB
−12.0dB
:
:
:
02H
−30.5dB
−18.5dB
01H
−31.0dB
−19.0dB
00H
MUTE (−∞)
MUTE (−∞)
Table 12. Reference Value Setting at ALC Recovery Operation
DATA
Addr
05H
Register Name
IPGA Control
Default
D7
0
0
D6
IPGA6
0
D5
IPGA5
1
D4
IPGA4
1
D3
IPGA3
1
D2
IPGA2
1
D1
IPGA1
1
D0
IPGA0
1
IPGA6-0: Input Analog PGA, 0.5dB step, 103 levels, Default: “3FH” (Table 13)
When IPGA gain is changed, IPGA6-0 bits should be written while PMADC bit is “1” and ALC bit is “0”.
IPGA gain is reset when PMADC bit is “0”, and then IPGA operation starts from the default value when
PMADC is changed to “1”. When ALC bit is changed from “1” to “0”, IPGA holds the last gain value set
by ALC operation.
DATA
67H
66H
65H
:
3FH
:
27H
:
02H
01H
00H
GAIN
AINL1, AINR1 AINL2, AINR2
(LINE IN)
(MIC IN)
+20.0dB
+32.0dB
+19.5dB
+31.5dB
+19.0dB
+31.0dB
:
:
0dB
+12.0dB
:
:
0dB
−12.0dB
:
:
−30.5dB
−18.5dB
−31.0dB
−19.0dB
MUTE (−∞)
MUTE (−∞)
Table 13. Input Gain Setting
MS0292-E-01
Default
2005/07
- 32 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
06H
[AK4569]
Register Name
Mode Control
Default
D7
D6
MCKAC
MCKPD
0
0
D5
0
0
D4
ATS
0
D3
HPM
0
D2
DIF1
1
D1
DIF0
0
D0
DFS
0
DFS: Sampling Speed Mode Select (Table 2)
DIF1-0: Audio Data Interface Format
Default: “10” (Mode 2)
HPM: Mono Output Select of Headphone
0: Normal Operation (Default)
1: Mono. (L+R)/2 signals from the DAC are output to both Lch and Rch of headphone.
Setting of HPM bit is enabled only at DACL=DACR= “1”.
DACL
0
1
HPM
x
0
1
HPL pin Output
No output from DAC
Output from Lch of DAC
Output (L+R)/2 from DAC
Default
Table 14. Mono Output Select of Headphone
(Note. Rch is same.)
ATS: Digital attenuator transition time setting (Table 15)
ATS
0
1
ATT speed
0dB to MUTE
1 step
1061/fs
4/fs
7424/fs
29/fs
Default
Table 15. Transition time between set values of ATT7-0 bits
MCKPD: MCLK Input Buffer Control
0: Enable (Default)
1: Disable
When MCLK input with AC coupling is stopped, MCKPD bit should be set to “1”.
MCKAC: MCLK Input Mode Select
0: CMOS input (Default)
1: AC coupling input
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 33 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
07H
[AK4569]
Register Name
DAC Control
Default
D7
TM1
0
D6
TM0
0
D5
D4
SMUTE
DATTC
0
0
D3
BST1
0
D2
BST0
0
D1
DEM1
0
D0
DEM0
1
DEM1-0: De-emphasis Filter Frequency Select
DEM1
DEM0
De-emphasis
0
0
44.1kHz
0
1
OFF
Default
1
0
48kHz
1
1
32kHz
Table 16. De-emphasis Filter Frequency Select
BST1-0: Low Frequency Boost Function Select
BST1
BST0
BOOST
0
0
OFF
Default
0
1
MIN
1
0
MID
1
1
MAX
Table 17. Low Frequency Boost Select
DATTC: DAC Digital Attenuator Control Mode Select
0: Independent (Default)
1: Dependent
At DATTC= “1”, ATTL7-0 bits control both Lch and Rch attenuation level, while register values of
ATTL7-0 bits are not written to ATTR7-0 bits. At DATTC= “0”, ATTL7-0 bits control Lch level and
ATTR7-0 bits control Rch level.
SMUTE: Soft Mute Control
0: Normal operation (Default)
1: DAC outputs soft-muted
TM1-0: Soft Mute Time Select
TM1
0
0
1
1
TM0
Cycle
0
1024/fs
Default
1
512/fs
0
256/fs
1
128/fs
Table 18. Soft Mute Time Setting
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 34 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
08H
[AK4569]
Register Name
Output Select 0
Default
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
MINR
0
D4
RINR
0
D3
DACR
0
D2
MINL
0
D1
LINL
0
D0
DACL
0
DACL: DAC Lch output signal is added to Lch of headphone amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
LINL: Input signal to LIN pin is added to Lch of headphone amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
MINL: Input signal to MIN pin is added to Lch of headphone amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
DACR: DAC Rch output signal is added to Rch of headphone amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
RINR: Input signal to RIN pin is added to Rch of headphone amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
MINR: Input signal to MIN pin is added to Rch of headphone amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
R
LIN/RIN pin
LINL/RINR bit
R
R
MIN pin
MINL/MINR bit
R
-
DACL/DACR
DACL/DACR bit
HPL/HPR pin
+
HP-Amp
Figure 22. Summation circuit for headphone amp output
At HPM=0, gain of summation is 0dB for all input path.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 35 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
09H
[AK4569]
Register Name
Output Select 1
Default
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
0
0
D4
0
0
D3
MINM
0
D2
RINM
0
D1
LINM
0
D0
DACM
0
DACM: DAC Lch and Rch outputs are added to MOUT buffer amp. Summation gain is −6dB for each channel.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
LINM: Input signal to LIN pin is added to MOUT buffer amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
RINM: Input signal to RIN pin is added to MOUT buffer amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
MINM: Input signal to MIN pin is added to MOUT buffer amp.
0: OFF (Default)
1: ON
2R
LIN pin
2R
LINM bit
RIN pin
R
RINM bit
R
MIN pin
2R
MINM bit
DACL
2R
-
DACR
MOUT pin
+
DACM bit
Figure 23. Summation circuit for MOUT
Gain of summation is 0dB for MIN and −6dB for LIN, RIN, DACL and DACR.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 36 -
ASAHI KASEI
Addr
0AH
0BH
[AK4569]
Register Name
DAC Lch ATT
DAC Rch ATT
Default
D7
ATTL7
ATTR7
0
D6
ATTL6
ATTR6
0
D5
ATTL5
ATTR5
0
D4
ATTL4
ATTR4
0
D3
ATTL3
ATTR3
0
D2
ATTL2
ATTR2
0
D1
ATTL1
ATTR1
0
D0
ATTL0
ATTR0
0
ATTL7-0: Setting of the attenuation value of output signal from DACL
ATTR7-0: Setting of the attenuation value of output signal from DACR
The AK4569 has channel-independent digital attenuator (256 levels, 0.5dB step). This digital attenuator is
placed before D/A converter. ATTL/R7-0 bits set the attenuation level (0dB to −127dB or MUTE) of each
channel. Digital attenuator is independent of soft mute function.
ATTL/R7-0
Attenuation
FFH
0dB
FEH
−0.5dB
FDH
−1.0dB
FCH
−1.5dB
:
:
:
:
02H
−126.5dB
01H
−127.0dB
00H
Default
MUTE (−∞)
Table 19. Digital Volume ATT values
Addr
0CH
Register Name
MOUT ATT
Default
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
0
0
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
MMUTE
ATTM3
ATTM2
ATTM1
ATTM0
1
0
0
0
0
ATTM3-0: Analog volume control for MOUT
MMUTE: Mute control for MOUT
0: Normal operation. ATTM3-0 bits control attenuation value.
1: Mute. ATTM3-0 bits are ignored. (Default)
MMUTE
0
1
ATTM3-0
Attenuation
0FH
0dB
0EH
−2dB
0DH
−4dB
0CH
−6dB
:
:
:
:
01H
−28dB
00H
−30dB
x
MUTE
Table 20. MOUT Volume ATT values
MS0292-E-01
Default
2005/07
- 37 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 24 shows the system connection diagram. An evaluation board [AKD4569] is available which demonstrates the
optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results.
+ 2.2µ
0.1µ
VCOM 22
AVSS 23
AVDD 24
AINL2 26
AINR2 25
AINR1 27
AINL1 28
0.1µ
2 CSN
LIN 20
3 CCLK
RIN 19
AK4569
4 CDTI
MIN 18
Top View
5 LRCK
MOUT 17
6 MCLK
MUTET 16
HPL 15
14 HPR
13 HVDD
12 HVSS
11 DVSS
10 DVDD
8 SDTI
9 SDTO
7 BICK
DSP
0.1µ
0.1µ
DIR
10
Digital Ground
4.7µ
+
VREF 21
1 PDN
µP
0.1µ
1µ
6.8 100µ Headphone
+
16
6.8 100µ
+
16
+
Analog Supply: 2.5 ∼ 3.6V
Analog Ground
Figure 24. Typical Connection Diagram
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 38 -
10µ
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
1. Grounding and Power Supply Decoupling
The AK4569 requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements. AVDD is usually supplied from the
analog power supply in the system and DVDD is supplied from AVDD via a 10Ω resistor. Alternatively if AVDD,
DVDD and HVDD are supplied separately, the power up sequence is not critical. AVSS, DVSS and HVSS must be
connected to the analog ground plane. System analog ground and digital ground should be connected together near to
where the supplies are brought onto the printed circuit board. Decoupling capacitors should be as close to the AK4569 as
possible, with the small value ceramic capacitors being the nearest.
2. Internal Voltage Reference
Internal voltage reference is output on the VREF pin (typ. 2.1V). An electrolytic capacitor 4.7µF in parallel with a 0.1µF
ceramic capacitor is attached between VREF and AVSS to eliminate the effects of high frequency noise. VCOM is
1.25V(typ) and is a signal ground of this chip. A 2.2µF electrolytic capacitor in parallel with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor
should be connected between VCOM and AVSS to eliminate the effects of high frequency noise. A ceramic capacitor
should be connected to VCOM pin and located as close as possible to the AK4569. No load current may be drawn from
VREF and VCOM pins. All signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the VCOM and VREF pins in order to
avoid unwanted coupling into the AK4569.
3. Analog Inputs
The analog inputs are single-ended and the input resistance 50kΩ (typ) for AINL1/AINR1 pins and 12.5kΩ (typ) for
AINL2/AINR2 pins. The input signal range is 1.5Vpp centered on VCOM voltage. Usually, the input signal cuts DC with
a capacitor. The cut-off frequency is fc=(1/2πRC). The AK4569 can accept input voltages from AVSS to AVDD. The
ADC output data format is 2’s complement. The ADC’s DC offset is removed by the internal HPF
(fc=3.4Hz@fs=44.1kHz).
4. Analog Outputs
The analog outputs are single-ended outputs and 1.5Vpp(typ) centered on the VCOM voltage. The input data format is 2’s
compliment. The output voltage is a positive full scale for 7FFFFH(@20bit) and negative full scale for 80000H(@20bit).
The ideal output is VCOM voltage for 00000H(@20bit). If the noise generated by the delta-sigma modulator beyond the
audio band causes problems, attenuation by an external filter is required.
DC offsets on the analog outputs is eliminated by AC coupling since the analog outputs have a DC offset equal to VCOM
plus a few mV.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 39 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
„ Application Circuit Example
AVDD
VREF
VREF
VCOM
VCOM
DVDD
AK4569
IPGA & ADC
AINL1
AINL2
IPGA
AK4116
MCLK
ADC
BICK
AINR1
AINR2
HP-amp
MCKO
RX
BICK
XTI
S/PDIF
HPF
Audio I/F
Controller
DAC
LRCK
LRCK
SDTO
HPL
CSN
CCLK
DAUX
CDTI
HP-Amp
DAC
BOOST
SDTI
DATT
SDTO
CDTO
HPR
DSP
MOUT
BICK
CLKOUT
MOUT
LRCK
LIN
SDTI
RIN
MIN
PDN
HVDD
CSN
Control
CCLK
Register
CDTI
HVSS
MUTET
AVSS
DVSS
SDTO
uP
Figure 25. Application Circuit Example
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 40 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
<Clock and Data Flow>
1) Analog Recording
AVDD
VREF
VREF
VCOM
VCOM
DVDD
AK4569
IPGA & ADC
AINL1
AINL2
IPGA
AK4116
MCLK
ADC
BICK
AINR1
AINR2
HP-amp
MCKO
RX
BICK
XTI
HPF
Audio I/F
Controller
DAC
LRCK
LRCK
SDTO
HPL
CSN
CCLK
DAUX
CDTI
HP-Amp
DAC
BOOST
SDTI
DATT
SDTO
CDTO
HPR
DSP
MOUT
BICK
CLKOUT
MOUT
LIN
LRCK
RIN
SDTI
MIN
PDN
HVDD
CSN
Control
CCLK
Register
CDTI
HVSS
MUTET
AVSS
SDTO
uP
DVSS
Figure 26. Clock and Data Flow during Analog Recording
(with DAC monitor)
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 41 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
2) Digital Recording
AVDD
VREF
VREF
VCOM
VCOM
DVDD
AK4569
IPGA & ADC
AINL1
AINL2
IPGA
AK4116
MCLK
ADC
BICK
AINR1
AINR2
HP-amp
MCKO
RX
BICK
XTI
S/PDIF
HPF
Audio I/F
Controller
DAC
LRCK
LRCK
SDTO
HPL
CSN
CCLK
DAUX
CDTI
HP-Amp
DAC
BOOST
SDTI
DATT
SDTO
CDTO
HPR
DSP
MOUT
BICK
CLKOUT
MOUT
LRCK
LIN
SDTI
RIN
MIN
PDN
HVDD
CSN
Control
CCLK
Register
CDTI
HVSS
MUTET
AVSS
SDTO
uP
DVSS
Figure 27. Clock and Data Flow during Digital Recording
(with DAC monitor)
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 42 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
3) Playback
AVDD
VREF
VREF
VCOM
VCOM
DVDD
AK4569
IPGA & ADC
AINL1
AINL2
IPGA
AK4116
MCLK
ADC
BICK
AINR1
AINR2
HP-amp
MCKO
RX
BICK
XTI
HPF
Audio I/F
Controller
DAC
LRCK
LRCK
SDTO
HPL
CSN
CCLK
DAUX
CDTI
HP-Amp
DAC
BOOST
SDTI
DATT
SDTO
CDTO
HPR
DSP
MOUT
BICK
CLKOUT
MOUT
LRCK
LIN
SDTI
RIN
MIN
PDN
HVDD
CSN
Control
CCLK
Register
CDTI
HVSS
MUTET
AVSS
SDTO
uP
DVSS
Figure 28. Clock and Data Flow during Playback
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
PACKAGE
-C
5.2 ± 0.20
5.0 ± 0.10
28
22
0.
6
0.60 ± 0.10
0.
2
4
22
5.2 ± 0.20
5.0 ± 0.10
15
10
14
8
- 0.00
0.80 + 0.20
- 0.28
0.78 + 0.17
0.05 M
0.02 + 0.03
0.05
0.
7
14
0.50
±
45
15
0.21 ± 0.05
0.22 ± 0.05
5
- 0.02
8
0.
2
1
45
7
28
21
21
1
+
0
- 0 .10
.2
0
28pin QFN (Unit: mm)
Note: The black parts of back package should be open.
„ Package & Lead frame material
Package molding compound: Epoxy
Lead frame material: Cu
Lead frame surface treatment: Solder (Pb free) plate
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 44 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK4569]
MARKING
4569
XXXX
1
XXXX : Date code identifier (4 digits)
Revision History
Date (YY/MM/DD)
04/02/20
05/07/19
Revision
00
01
Reason
First Edition
Error correct
Page
Contents
21
Bass Boost Function
Figure 16: “AK4566” Æ “AK4569”
System Design
Figures 24 to 28: “AK4566” Æ “AK4569”
Marking
“4566” Æ “4569”
38-43
45
IMPORTANT NOTICE
• These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. Before considering any use or
application, consult the Asahi Kasei Microsystems Co., Ltd. (AKM) sales office or authorized distributor
concerning their current status.
• AKM assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the
application or use of any information contained herein.
• Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other
official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs,
currency exchange, or strategic materials.
• AKM products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life support,
or other hazard related device or system, and AKM assumes no responsibility relating to any such use, except
with the express written consent of the Representative Director of AKM. As used here:
a. A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety
or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function
or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person
or property.
b. A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result,
whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing
it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability.
• It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an AKM product who distributes, disposes of, or
otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content and
conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold
AKM harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.
MS0292-E-01
2005/07
- 45 -