Infineon AppNote AN267 GPS GNSS Low Noise Amplifier BGA925L6

B GA 925L 6
Op ti mizin g R ejec ti o n of LT E Ban d -1 3
(777 -78 7 MHz) J a m me rs a nd
Mai ntai nin g Lo w Noi s e Fig ure Us ing
0201 C o mpone nts ( 0402 Ind u c tor)
Applic atio n N ote A N 267
Revision: Rev. 1.1
2012-02-21
RF and P r otecti on D evic es
Edition 2012-04-24
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2012 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
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BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Application Note AN267
Revision History: 2012-02-21
Previous Revision: Rev. 1.0, 2011-07-25
Page
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
8
Values for Table-2 updated
12 to 21
Marker position changed and corresponding values updated
12 to 16
S-parameter figures and LTE Band-13 2
nd
Harmonic measurement result updated
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HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™
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STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS
Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of
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TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™
of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™
of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited.
Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
3 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables
Table of Content
1
BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution ................................ 6
2
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7
3
Application Circuit ........................................................................................................................... 11
4
Typical Measurement Results ......................................................................................................... 12
5
Measured Graphs for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ...................................... 14
6
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs ................................................................................................... 19
7
Evaluation Board .............................................................................................................................. 22
8
Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
4 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables
List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm) ........................................................ 6
BGA925L6 package size in comparison with 0402 and 0201 components ......................................... 9
Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications ................................ 10
BGA925L6 application circuit ............................................................................................................. 11
Power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................... 14
Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands........... 14
Input matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ......................... 15
Output matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ...................... 15
Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ..................... 16
Noise figure of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .............................. 16
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for Galileo, GPS and
GLONASS bands ............................................................................................................................... 17
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for Galileo, GPS and
GLONASS bands ............................................................................................................................... 17
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V .............................. 18
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V .............................. 18
Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz ....................................................................................... 19
Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 19
Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 20
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V ...... 20
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V ...... 21
Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6 ................................................................................................ 22
PCB layer stack .................................................................................................................................. 22
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
BGA925L6 with different circuit topologies .......................................................................................... 8
Comparison of different application circuits at supply voltage of 2.8V ................................................. 8
Pin Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Switching Mode .................................................................................................................................. 10
Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 11
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V .............................................. 12
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V .............................................. 13
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
5 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution
1
BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated
Solution
1.1
Features
• High gain: 15.8 dB
• High out-of-band input 3rd-order intercept point: +7 dBm
• High input 1dB compression point: -5 dBm
• Low noise figure: 0.65 dB
• Low current consumption: 4.8 mA
• Operating frequency: 1550-1615 MHz
• Supply voltage: 1.5 V to 3.6 V
• Digital on/off switch (1V logic high level)
• Ultra small TSLP-6-2 leadless package
• Package dimensions: 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm
• B7HF Silicon Germanium technology
• RF output internally matched to 50 Ω
• Only two external SMD components necessary
• 2 kV HBM ESD protection (including AI-pin)
• Pb-free (RoHS compliant) package
Figure 1
BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm)
1.2
Applications
- GPS (Global Positioning System) working in the L1 band at 1575.42 MHz
- GLONASS (Russian GNSS) working in the L1 band from 1598.06 MHz to 1605.38 MHz
- Galileo (European GNSS) working in the E2-L1-E1 band from 1559 MHz to 1592 MHz
- COMPASS (Chinese Beidou Navigation System) working in E2 band at 1561.10 MHz and
E1 band at 1589.74 MHz
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
6 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Introduction
2
Introduction
The BGA925L6 is a front-end Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) application. It is based on Infineon Technologies’ B7HF Silicon-Germanium
(SiGe:C) technology, enabling a cost-effective solution in a ultra small TSLP-6-2 package
with ultra low noise figure, high gain, high linearity and low current consumption over a wide
range of supply voltages from 3.6 V down to 1.5 V. All these features make BGA925L6 an
excellent choice for GNSS LNA as it improves sensitivity, provide greater immunity against
out-of-band jammer signals, reduces filtering requirement and hence the overall cost of the
GNSS receiver.
The GNSS satellites are at an orbit altitude of more than 20,000 km away from earth’s
surface and transmit power in the range of +47 dBm. After taking losses (atmospheric,
antenna etc.) into account, the received signal strength at the GNSS device input is very low
in the range of -130 dBm. The ability of the GNSS device to receive such a low signal
strength and provide meaningful information to the end-user depends strongly on the noise
figure of the GNSS receive chain. This ability which is called receiver sensitivity can be
improved by using a low-noise amplifier with low noise figure and high gain at the input of the
receiver chain. The improved sensitivity results in a shorter Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF), which
is the time required for a GNSS receiver to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and
calculate a position. Noise figure of the LNA defines the overall noise figure of the GNSS
receiver system. This is where BGA925L6 excels by providing noise figure as low as 0.65 dB
and high gain of 15.8 dB, thereby improving the receiver sensitivity significantly.
The ever growing demand to integrate more and more functionality into one device leads to
many challenges when transmitter/receiver has to work simultaneously without degrading the
performance of each other. In today’s smart-phones a GNSS receiver simultaneously coexists with transceivers in the GSM/EDGE/UMTS/LTE bands. These 3G/4G transceivers
transmit high power in the range of +24 dBm which due to insufficient isolation couple to the
GNSS receiver. The cellular signals can mix to produce Intermodulation products exactly in
the GNSS receiver frequency band. For example, GSM 1712.7 MHz mixes with UMTS 1850
MHz to produce third-order-product exactly at GPS. To quantify the effect, BGA925L6 shows
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
7 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Introduction
out-of-band input IP3 at GPS of +7.5 dBm as a result of frequency mixing between GSM
1712.7 MHz and UMTS 1850 MHz with power levels of -20 dBm and -65 dBm respectively.
BGA925L6 has a high out-of-band input 3rd order intercept point (IIP3) of +7.5 dBm, so that it
is especially suitable for the GPS function in mobile phones.
Another issue which is frequently encountered in Smartphones nowdays, is the 2nd harmonic
of LTE Band-13 operating at 787.76 MHz. The 2nd harmonic of LTE Band-13 falls exactly into
the GPS band. In this application note BGA925L6 has been optimized to keep noise
figure below 0.85 dB and also input referred band-13 2nd harmonic level of around -119
dBm.
Table 1
BGA925L6 with different circuit topologies
Application Circuit 1
Application Circuit 2
N1
N1
BGA925L6
GNDRF, 4
RFin
C1
RFin
AO, 3
BGA925L6
GNDRF, 4
AO, 3
AI, 5
VCC, 2
PON, 6
GND, 1
C1
L1
VCC, 2
AI, 5
L3
PON, 6
Pon
GND, 1
Pon
C3
Table 2
Comparison of different application circuits at supply voltage of 2.8V
nd
Component values
Noise
Figure
[dB]
Band-13 2
harmonic*
[dBm]
Out-of-band
Input IP3**
[dBm]
S21 @
1575.42 MHz
[dB]
S21 @
787.76 MHz
[dB]
Circuit 1
C1=2pF, L1=10nH
1.0
-56.1
6.7
15.80
2.53
Circuit 2
C1=2.7pF,
L3***=6.2nH, C3=6.8pF
0.83
-119.7
7.5
15.58
-30.8
AN265
C1=1nF, L1=6.2nH
0.74
-47.5
9.5
15.76
6.87
AN266
C1=2pF,
L3=5.6nH,
C3=6.8pF
0.96
-124.3
8.1
15.50
-32.4
Application
circuit
*This level is input-referred.
**Test conditions: f1IN = 1712.7 MHz, P1IN = -20 dBm, f2IN = 1850 MHz, P2IN = -65 dBm
***Only this inductor in above application circuits is 0402 size and rest are of 0201 size.
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
8 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Introduction
Depending upon requirement, BGA925L6 performance can be optimized using various
component values or circuit topologies. As can be seen from Table 2, different application
circuits are designed to optimize noise figure and band-13 2nd harmonic. This is achieved by
using three external SMDs; two 0201 size capacitors and one 0402 size inductor1. The L3-C3
notch is used to improve the rejection at 787.76 MHz. The component values C1-L3-C3 are
then tuned so as to have optimal noise figure, band-13 2nd harmonic level, gain and input
matching.
As the industry inclines toward assembly miniaturization and also surface mount technology
matures, there is a desire to have smaller and thinner components. This is especially the
case with portable electronics where higher circuit density is desired. BGA925L6 has ultra
small package with dimensions of 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm and it requires only two
components at its input, the capacitor at the input has to be used if a DC block is required
and the inductor provides input matching.This reduces the application bill of materials and the
PCB area thus making it an ideal solution for compact and cost-effective GNSS LNA. The
output of the BGA925L6 is internally matched to 50 Ω, and a DC blocking capacitor is
integrated on-chip, thus no external component is required at the output.
Figure 2
1
BGA925L6 package size in comparison with 0402 and 0201 components
In this application note 0402 size inductor has been choosen so as to reduce noise figure. The same circuit topology is
implemented using all 0201 SMDs in AN266.
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
9 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Introduction
The device also integrates an on-chip ESD protection which can resist until 2 kV (referenced
to Human Body Model). The integrated power on/off feature provides for low power
consumption and increased stand-by time for GNSS handsets. Moreover, the low current
consumption (4.8 mA) makes the device suitable for portable technology like GNSS receivers
and mobiles phones.
The Internal circuit diagram of the BGA925L6 is presented in Figure 3. Table 3 shows the pin
assignment of BGA925L6. Table 4 shows the truth table to turn on/off BGA925L6 by applying
different voltage to the PON pin.
Figure 3
Table 3
Pin
Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications
Pin Definition
Symbol
Comment
1
GND
General ground
2
VCC
DC supply
3
AO
LNA output
4
GNDRF
LNA RF ground
5
AI
LNA input
6
PON
Power on control
Table 4
Mode
Switching Mode
Symbol
ON/OFF Control Voltage
Min
Max
On
PON, on
1.0V
VCC
Off
PON, off
0V
0.4 V
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
10 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Application Circuit
3
Application Circuit
3.1
Schematic Diagram
N1
BGA925L6
GNDRF, 4
RFin
RFout
AO, 3
Vcc
C1
VCC, 2
AI, 5
C2
(optional)
L3
PON, 6
GND, 1
Pon
C3
Figure 4
BGA925L6 application circuit
Table 5
Symbol
Bill-of-Materials
Value
Unit
Package
Manufacturer
Comment
C1
2.7
pF
0201
Various
DC block/Input matching
C2 (optional)
10
nF
0201
Various
RF bypass
L3
6.2
nH
0402
Murata LQW series Input matching
C3
6.8
pF
0201
Various
Input matching
N1
BGA925L6
TSLP-6-2
Infineon
SiGe:C LNA
PCB
substrate
FR4
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
11 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Typical Measurement Results
4
Typical Measurement Results
Table 6 and Table 7 show typical measurement results of the application circuit shown in
Figure 4. The values given in this table include losses of the board and the SMA connectors if
not otherwise stated.
Table 6
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
V
mA
DC Voltage
Vcc
1.8
DC Current
Icc
4.8
Navigation
System
Sys
COMPASS/
GPS
Galileo
GLONASS
Frequency
Range
Freq
1559-1593
1598-1606
MHz
Gain
G
15.5
15.5
15.5
dB
Noise Figure
NF
0.81
0.83
0.81
dB
Input Return
Loss
RLin
9.1
9.4
9.9
dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout
13.9
14.8
16.6
dB
Reverse
Isolation
IRev
22.7
22.5
22.3
dB
1575.42
Comment/Test Condition
PCB and SMA connectors of 0.1
dB losses substracted
fgalileo = 1559 MHz
Input P1dB
IP1dB
-11.3
-9.6
dBm
-10.3
fgps = 1575 MHz
f GLONASS = 1605 MHz
Output P1dB
OP1dB
LTE band-13
nd
2 Harmonic
H2 – input
referred
Input IP3
In-band
Output IP3
In-band
IIP3
3.2
4.9
dBm
4.2
dBm
-119.6
-5.0
-5.0
-3.6
fIN = 787.76 MHz, PIN = -25 dBm
fH2 = 1575.52 MHz
dBm
f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz
f2gal/gps = 1576MHz
OIP3
10.5
10.5
11.9
dBm
f1GLONASS =1602 MHz
f2GLONASS =1603 MHz
Input power= -30dBm
Input IP3
out-of-band
Stability
f1 = 1712.7 MHz, P1IN = -20 dBm
IIP3OOB
7.6
dBm
f2 = 1850 MHz, P2IN = -65 dBm
fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz
k
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
--
>1
12 / 24
Unconditionnally Stable from 0
to 10GHz
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Table 7
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
DC Voltage
Vcc
2.8
V
DC Current
Icc
5.0
mA
Navigation
System
Sys
COMPASS/
Galileo
GPS
GLONASS
Frequency
Range
Freq
1559-1593
1575.42
1598-1606
MHz
Gain
G
15.6
15.6
15.6
dB
Noise Figure
NF
0.83
0.83
0.82
dB
Input Return
Loss
RLin
8.9
9.2
9.6
dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout
12.8
13.6
15.2
dB
Reverse
Isolation
IRev
23.2
23.1
22.8
dB
Comment/Test Condition
PCB and SMA connectors of 0.1
dB losses substracted
fgalileo = 1559 MHz
Input P1dB
IP1dB
-9.3
-9.4
-8.0
dBm
fgps = 1575 MHz
f GLONASS = 1605 MHz
Output P1dB
OP1dB
LTE band-13
nd
2 Harmonic
H2 – input
referred
Input IP3
In-band
Output IP3
In-band
IIP3
5.3
5.2
6.6
dBm
-119.7
-5.0
-5.0
dBm
-3.6
fIN = 787.76 MHz, PIN = -25 dBm
fH2 = 1575.52 MHz
dBm
f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz
f2gal/gps = 1576MHz
OIP3
10.6
10.6
12.0
dBm
f1GLONASS =1602 MHz
f2GLONASS =1603 MHz
Input power= -30dBm
Input IP3
out-of-band
Stability
f1 = 1712.7 MHz, P1IN = -20 dBm
IIP3OOB
7.5
dBm
f2 = 1850 MHz, P2IN = -65 dBm
fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz
k
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
--
>1
13 / 24
Unconditionnally Stable from 0
to 10GHz
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Measured Graphs for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
5
Measured Graphs for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS
bands
Gain
20
Gain at Vcc=1.8V
15
Gain at Vcc=2.8V
10
1575.4 MHz
15.6 dB
5
S21 (dB)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
787.76 MHz
-30.5 dB
-30
-35
-40
0
Figure 5
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
Frequency (MHz)
Power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Narrowband gain
16.6
Gain at Vcc=1.8V
16.4
Gain at Vcc=2.8V
16.2
S21 (dB)
16
15.8
1559 MHz
15.6 dB
1575.4 MHz
15.6 dB
1605.4 MHz
15.6 dB
1559 MHz
15.5 dB
1575.4 MHz
15.5 dB
1605.4 MHz
15.5 dB
15.6
15.4
15.2
15
14.8
14.6
1500
Figure 6
1525
1550
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
14 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Measured Graphs for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Input matching
0
S11 at Vcc=1.8V
S11 at Vcc=2.8V
S11 (dB)
-3
-6
1575.4 MHz
-9.15 dB
1605.4 MHz
-9.63 dB
1559 MHz
-9.09 dB
1575.4 MHz
-9.38 dB
1605.4 MHz
-9.86 dB
-9
-12
-15
1500
Figure 7
1559 MHz
-8.87 dB
1525
1550
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Input matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Output matching
0
S22 at Vcc=1.8V
S22 at Vcc=2.8V
S22 (dB)
-5
1559 MHz
-12.8 dB
-10
-15
-20
1500
Figure 8
1559 MHz
-13.9 dB
1525
1550
1575.4 MHz
-13.6 dB
1575.4 MHz
-14.8 dB
1605.4 MHz
-15.2 dB
1605.4 MHz
-16.6 dB
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Output matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
15 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Measured Graphs for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Isolation
-15
S12 at Vcc=1.8V
S12 at Vcc=2.8V
S12 (dB)
-18
-21
-24
1559 MHz
-22.7 dB
1575.4 MHz
-22.5 dB
1605.4 MHz
-22.3 dB
1559 MHz
-23.2 dB
1575.4 MHz
-23.1 dB
1605.4 MHz
-22.8 dB
-27
-30
1500
Figure 9
1525
1550
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Noise figure
1
NF at Vcc=1.8V
NF at Vcc=2.8V
NF (dB)
0.9
1559 MHz
0.83
1575.4 MHz
0.83
1605.4 MHz
0.82
1559 MHz
0.81
1575.4 MHz
0.83
1605.4 MHz
0.81
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1559
Figure 10
1567
1575
1583
1591
Frequency (MHz)
1599
1607
1615
Noise figure of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
16 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Measured Graphs for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=1.8V
20
P1dB at Vcc=1.8V Galileo (1559MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GPS (1575MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GLONASS (1605MHz)
18
Gain (dB)
-25 dBm
15.4 dB
16
-25 dBm
15.4 dB
-10.3 dBm
14.4 dB
-25 dBm
15.3 dB
14
-9.64 dBm
14.4 dB
-11.3 dBm
14.3 dB
12
10
-25
Figure 11
-20
-15
-10
Power (dBm)
-5
0
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for Galileo, GPS and
GLONASS bands
Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=2.8V
20
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V Galileo (1559MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GPS (1575MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GLONASS (1605MHz)
Gain (dB)
18
-25 dBm
15.52 dB
16
-8.03 dBm
14.52 dB
-25 dBm
15.42 dB
14
-25 dBm
15.38 dB
-9.39 dBm
14.42 dB
-9.33 dBm
14.38 dB
12
10
-25
Figure 12
-20
-15
-10
Power (dBm)
-5
0
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for Galileo, GPS and
GLONASS bands
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
17 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Measured Graphs for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Intermodulation for GPS band
0
1575 MHz
-14.81
-10
1576 MHz
-14.87
-20
Power (dBm)
-30
-40
-50
-60
1574 MHz
-65.49
-70
-80
-90
-100
1573
Figure 13
1574
1575
1576
Frequency (MHz)
1577
1578
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V
Intermodulation for GPS band
0
1576 MHz
-14.84
1575 MHz
-14.77
-10
-20
Power (dBm)
-30
-40
-50
-60
1574 MHz
-65.63
-70
-80
-90
-100
1573
Figure 14
1574
1575
1576
Frequency (MHz)
1577
1578
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
18 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
6
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
Stability K factor
3
Stability K factor at Vcc=1.8V
Stability K factor at Vcc=2.8V
2
1575.4 MHz
1.26
1575.4 MHz
1.23
1
0
0
Figure 15
1000
2000
3000
4000 5000 6000
Frequency (MHz)
7000
8000
9000 10000
Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz
Stability Mu1 factor
3
Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=1.8V
Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=2.8V
1575.4 MHz
1.79
2
1
1575.4 MHz
1.74
0
0
Figure 16
1000
2000
3000
4000 5000 6000
Frequency (MHz)
7000
8000
9000 10000
Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
19 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
Stability Mu2 factor
3
Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=1.8V
Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=2.8V
2
1575.4 MHz
1.39
1575.4 MHz
1.36
1
0
0
Figure 17
1000
2000
3000
4000 5000 6000
Frequency (MHz)
7000
8000
9000 10000
Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz
0.8
1.0
Input and Output matching with Vcc=1.8V
Swp Max
1615MHz
0.
4
0
3.
0
4.
5.0
10.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
1605.4 MHz
r 1.37
x 0.702
2.0
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0.6
1559 MHz
r 1.28
x 0.375
1559 MHz
r 1.15
x 0.79
10.0
Output
2.
0
6
0.
Input
1605.4 MHz
r 1.31
x 0.136
-10.0
2
-0.
-4
.0
-5.
0
-3
.0
Figure 18
.0
-2
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
.4
-0
Swp Min
1559MHz
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
20 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
0.8
1.0
Input and Output matching with Vcc=2.8V
2.
0
Output
1559 MHz
r 1.08
x 0.798
0.
4
0
3.
0
4.
5.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
4.0
1605.4 MHz
r 1.31
x 0.739
3.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1559 MHz
r 1.29
x 0.45
2.0
0.2
0
Swp Max
1615MHz
6
0.
Input
1605.4 MHz
r 1.36
x 0.199
-10.0
2
-0.
-4
.0
-5.
0
-3
.0
Figure 19
.0
-2
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
.4
-0
Swp Min
1559MHz
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
21 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Evaluation Board
7
Evaluation Board
Figure 20
Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6
Vias
FR4, 0.2mm
Copper
35µm
Figure 21
FR4, 0.8mm
PCB layer stack
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
22 / 24
2012-02-21
BGA925L6
Optimizing Rejection of LTE Band-13 (777-787 MHz) Jammers
Authors
8
Authors
Jagjit Singh Bal, Senior Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”.
Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”.
Application Note AN267, Rev. 1.1
23 / 24
2012-02-21
w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m
Published by Infineon Technologies AG
AN267