AD ADE7753

PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
a
Active and Apparent Energy Metering IC
with di/dt sensor interface
Preliminary Technical Data
ADE7753*
FEATURES
High Accuracy, supports IEC 61036 and IEC61268
On-Chip Digital Integrator enables direct interface with
current sensors with di/dt output
The ADE7753 supplies Active, Reactive and Apparent
Energy, Sampled Waveform, Current and Voltage RMS
Less than 0.1% error over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1
Positive only energy accumulation mode available
An On-Chip user Programmable threshold for line
voltage surge and SAG, and PSU supervisory
Digital Power, Phase & Input Offset Calibration
An On-Chip temperature sensor (±3°C typical)
A SPI compatible Serial Interface
A pulse output with programmable frequency
An Interrupt Request pin (IRQ) and Status register
Proprietary ADCs and DSP provide high accuracy data over
large variations in environmental conditions and time
Reference 2.4V±8% (20 ppm/°C typical)
with external overdrive capability
Single 5V Supply, Low power (25mW typical)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADE7753 is an accurate active and apparent energy
measurements IC with a serial interface and a pulse output.
The ADE7753 incorporates two second order sigma delta
ADCs, a digital integrator (on CH1), reference circuitry,
temperature sensor, and all the signal processing required to
perform RMS calculation on the voltage and current, active,
reactive, and apparent energy measurement.
An on-chip digital integrator provides direct interface to di/
dt current sensors such as Rogowski coils. The digital
integrator eliminates the need for external analog integrator,
and this solution provides excellent long-term stability and
precise phase matching between the current and voltage
channels. The integrator can be switched on and off based on
the current sensor selected.
The ADE7753 contains an Active Energy register. It is
capable of holding more than 200 seconds of accumulated
power at full load. Data is read from the ADE7753 via the
serial interface. The ADE7753 also provides a pulse output
(CF) with output frequency is proportional to the active
power.
In addition to rms calculation and active and apparent power
information, the ADE7753 also accumulates the signed
reactive energy. The ADE7753 also provides various system
calibration features, i.e., channel offset correction, phase
calibration and power calibration. The part also incorporates
a detection circuit for short duration low or high voltage
variations.
The ADE7753 has a positive only accumulation mode which
gives the option to accumulate energy only when positive
power is detected. An internal no-load threshold ensures that
the part does not exhibit any creep when there is no load.
A zero crossing output (ZX) produces an output which is
synchronized to the zero crossing point of the line voltage.
This information is used in the ADE7753 to measure the
line's period. The signal is also used internally to the chip in
the line cycle Active and Apparent energy accumulation
mode. This enables a faster and more precise energy accumulation and is useful during calibration. This signal is also
useful for synchronization of relay switching with a voltage
zero crossing.
The interrupt request output is an open drain, active low logic
output. The Interrupt Status Register indicates the nature of
the interrupt, and the Interrupt Enable Register controls
which event produces an output on the IRQ pin.
The ADE7753 is available in 20-lead SSOP package.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
PGA
V1P
V1N
+
-
DVDD
RESET
AVDD
DGND
ADE7753
WGAIN[11:0]
INTEGRATOR MULTIPLIER LPF2
Σ
冮dt
ADC
HPF
CFNUM[11:0]
TEMP
SENSOR
APOS[15:0]
PHCAL[5:0]
DFC
Φ
CFDEN[11:0]
IRMSOS[11:0]
Σ
:
+
-
VRMSOS[11:0]
ADC
:
AGND
SAG
Σ
VADIV[7:0]
LPF1
2.4V
REFERENCE
VAGAIN[11:0]
ZX
PGA
V2P
V2N
CF
WDIV[7:0]
4kΩ
ADE7753 REGISTERS &
SERIAL INTERFACE
REF IN/OUT
CLKIN CLKOUT
DIN DOUT SCLK CS
IRQ
*U.S. Patents 5,745,323; 5,760,617; 5,862,069; 5,872,469; others Pending.
REV. PrF 10/02
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood. MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
© Analog Devices, Inc., 2002
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753–SPECIFICATIONS1,3
Parameter
(AVDD = DVDD = 5V ± 5%, AGND = DGND = 0V, On-Chip Reference,
CLKIN = 3.579545MHz XTAL, TMIN to TMAX = -40°C to +85°C)
Spec
Units
Test Conditions/Comments
14
kHz
CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz
Channel 2 = 300mV rms/60Hz, Gain = 2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
Over a dynamic range
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
1000 to 1
Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1
Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1
Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1
Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1
Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1
Line Frequency = 45Hz to 65Hz, HPF on
AVDD = DVDD = 5V+175mV rms/ 120Hz
Channel 1 = 20mV rms, Gain = 16, Range = 0.5V
Channel 2 = 300mV rms/60Hz, Gain = 1
AVDD = DVDD = 5V ± 250mV dc
Channel 1 = 20mV rms/60Hz, Gain = 16, Range = 0.5V
Channel 2 = 300mV rms/60Hz, Gain = 1
ENERGY MEASUREMENT ACCURACY
Measurement Bandwidth
Measurement Error1 on Channel 1
Channel 1 Range = 0.5V full-scale
Gain = 1
Gain = 2
Gain = 4
Gain = 8
Gain = 16
Channel 1 Range = 0.25V full-scale
Gain = 1
Gain = 2
Gain = 4
Gain = 8
Gain = 16
Channel 1 Range = 0.125V full-scale
Gain = 1
Gain = 2
Gain = 4
Gain = 8
Gain = 16
Phase Error1 Between Channels
AC Power Supply Rejection1
Output Frequency Variation (CF)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
±0.05
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
° max
0.2
% typ
DC Power Supply Rejection1
Output Frequency Variation (CF)
±0.3
% typ
±0.5
390
14
V max
kΩ min
kHz
±4
±4
±4
±4
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
V1 = 0.5V dc
V1 = 0.25V dc
V1 = 0.125V dc
V2 = 0.5V dc
External 2.5V reference
±0.3
±0.3
±0.3
±0.3
% typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
±10
±10
mV max
mV max
Channel 1 Range = 0.5V
Channel 2 Range = 0.5V
ANALOG INPUTS
Maximum Signal Levels
Input Impedance (dc)
Bandwidth
Gain Error1,4
Channel 1
Range = 0.5V full-scale
Range = 0.25V full-scale
Range = 0.125V full-scale
Channel 2
Gain Error Match1
Channel 1
Range = 0.5V full-scale
Range = 0.25V full-scale
Range = 0.125V full-scale
Channel 2
Offset Error1
Channel 1
Channel 2
WAVEFORM SAMPLING
Channel 1
Signal-to-Noise plus distortion
Bandwidth (-3dB)
Channel 2
Signal-to-Noise plus distortion
Bandwidth (-3dB)
62
14
dB typ
kHz
52
140
dB typ
Hz
See Analog Inputs Section
V1P, V1N, V2N and V2P to AGND
CLKIN/256, CLKIN = 3.579545MHz
External 2.5V reference, Gain = 1 on Channel 1 & 2
Sampling CLKIN/128, 3.579545MHz/128 = 27.9kSPS
See Channel 1 Sampling
150mV rms/60Hz, Range = 0.5V, Gain = 2
CLKIN = 3.579545MHz
See Channel 2 Sampling
150mV rms/60Hz, Gain = 2
CLKIN = 3.579545MHz
-2-
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Parameter
REFERENCE INPUT
REFIN/OUT Input Voltage Range
Input Capacitance
ON-CHIP REFERENCE
Reference Error
Current source
Output Impedance
Temperature Coefficient
Spec
Units
Test Conditions/Comments
2.6
2.2
10
V max
V min
pF max
±200
10
4
20
mV max
µA max
kΩ min
ppm/°C typ
4
1
MHz max
MHz min
2.4 V +8%
2.4V -8%
Nominal 2.4V at REFIN/OUT pin
CLKIN
Input Clock Frequency
Note all specifications CLKIN of 3.579545MHz
LOGIC INPUTS
RESET, DIN, SCLK, CLKIN and CS
2.4
Input High Voltage, VINH
Input Low Voltage, VINL
0.8
±3
Input Current, IIN
Input Capacitance, CIN
10
LOGIC OUTPUTS3
SAG & IRQ
Output High Voltage, VOH
Output Low Voltage, VOL
ZX & DOUT
Output High Voltage, VOH
Output Low Voltage, VOL
CF
Output High Voltage, VOH
Output Low Voltage, VOL
POWER SUPPLY
AV DD
DV DD
AI DD
DIDD
V min
V max
µA max
pF max
DVDD = 5 V ± 10%
DVDD = 5 V ± 10%
Typically 10nA, VIN = 0V to DVDD
4
0.4
V min
V max
Open Drain outputs, 10kΩ pull up resistor
ISOURCE = 5mA
ISINK = 0.8mA
4
0.4
V min
V max
ISOURCE = 5mA
ISINK = 0.8mA
4
1
V min
V max
ISOURCE = 5mA
ISINK = 7mA
4.75
5.25
4.75
5.25
3
4
V min
V max
V min
V max
mA max
mA max
For specified Performance
5V - 5%
5V +5%
5V - 5%
5V + 5%
Typically 2.0 mA
Typically 3.0 mA
NOTES:
1
See Terminology Section for explanation of Specifications
2
See Plots in Typical Performance Graphs
3
Specifications subject to change without notice
4
See Analog Inputs Section
ORDERING GUIDE
IOL
200 µA
TO
OUTPUT
PIN
+2.1V
CL
50pF
Package Option*
ADE7753ARS
ADE7753ARSRL
EVAL-ADE7753EB
RS-20
RS-20
ADE7753 evaluation board
* RS = Shrink Small Outline Package in tubes; RSRL = Shrink Small Outline
Package in reel.
1.6 mA
IOH
Load Circuit for Timing Specifications
REV. PrF 10/02
MODEL
–3–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
ADE7753 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS1,2
Parameter
A,B Versions
(AVDD = DVDD = 5V ± 5%, AGND = DGND = 0V, On-Chip Reference,
CLKIN = 3.579545MHz XTAL, TMIN to TMAX = -40°C to +85°C)
Units
Test Conditions/Comments
20
150
150
10
5
TBD
TBD
100
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
CS falling edge to first SCLK falling edge
SCLK logic high pulse width
SCLK logic low pulse width
Valid Data Set up time before falling edge of SCLK
Data Hold time after SCLK falling edge
Minimum time between the end of data byte transfers.
Minimum time between byte transfers during a serial write.
CS Hold time after SCLK falling edge.
3.1
us (min)
t10
t113
TBD
30
ns (min)
ns (min)
t124
100
10
100
10
ns
ns
ns
ns
Write timing
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
Read timing
t9
t 13 4
(min)
(min)
(min)
(min)
(min)
(min)
(min)
(min)
(max)
(min)
(max)
(min)
Minimum time between read command (i.e. a write to Communication
Reigster) and data read.
Minimum time between data byte transfers during a multibyte read.
Data access time after SCLK rising edge following a write to the
Communications Register
Bus relinquish time after falling edge of SCLK.
Bus relinquish time after rising edge of CS.
NOTES
Sample tested during initial release and after any redesign or process change that may affect this parameter. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5ns (10% to 90%)
and timed from a voltage level of 1.6V.
2
See timing diagram below and Serial Interface section of this data sheet.
3
Measured with the load circuit in Figure 1 and defined as the time required for the output to cross 0.8V or 2.4V.
4
Derived from the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5V when loaded with the circuit in Figure 1. The measured number is then extrapolated back to
remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50pF capacitor. This means that the time quoted in the timing characteristics is the true bus relinquish time of the part
and is independent of the bus loading.
1
Serial Write Timing
t8
CS
t1
t2 t3
t6
t7
SCLK
t4
1
DIN
0
0
t7
t5
A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
DB7
DB0
DB7
Most Significant Byte
Command Byte
DB0
Least Significant Byte
Serial Read Timing
CS
t1
t9
t13
t10
SCLK
DIN
0
0
0
A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
DOUT
DB7
DB0
Most Significant Byte
Command Byte
–4–
t12
t11
t11
DB7
DB0
Least Significant Byte
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
(TA = +25°C unless otherwise noted)
AVDD to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
DVDD to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
DVDD toAVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +0.3 V
Analog Input Voltage to AGND
V1P, V1N, V2P and V2N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6V to +6V
Reference Input Voltage to AGND . . . . –0.3 V to AVDD +
0.3 V
Digital Input Voltage to DGND –0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V
Digital Output Voltage to DGND –0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V
Operating Temperature Range
Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C
20 Pin SSOP, Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 mW
θJA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112°C/W
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +215°C
Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +220°C
*
Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent
damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device
at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this
specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the ADE7753
features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to
high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid
performance degradation or loss of functionality.
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
Terminology
MEASUREMENT ERROR
The error associated with the energy measurement made by
the ADE7753 is defined by the following formula:
input signal levels when the supplies are varied ±5%. Any
error introduced is again expressed as a percentage of
reading.
Percentage Error =
 Energy registered by ADE 7753 − True Energy 

 × 100 %
True Energy


ADC OFFSET ERROR
This refers to the DC offset associated with the analog inputs
to the ADCs. It means that with the analog inputs connected
to AGND the ADCs still see a dc analog input signal. The
magnitude of the offset depends on the gain and input range
selection - see characteristic curves. However, when HPF1 is
switched on the offset is removed from Channel 1 (current)
and the power calculation is not affected by this offset. The
offsets may be removed by performing an offset calibration see Analog Inputs.
PHASE ERROR BETWEEN CHANNELS
The digital integrator and the HPF (High Pass Filter) in
Channel 1 have non-ideal phase response. To offset this
phase response and equalize the phase response between
channels, two phase correction network is placed in Channel
1: one for the digital integrator and the other for the HPF.
Each phase correction network corrects the phase response of
the corresponding component and ensures a phase match
between Channel 1 (current) and Channel 2 (voltage) to
within ±0.1° over a range of 45Hz to 65Hz and ±0.2° over
a range 40Hz to 1kHz.
GAIN ERROR
The gain error in the ADE7753 ADCs is defined as the
difference between the measured ADC output code (minus
the offset) and the ideal output code - see Channel 1 ADC &
Channel 2 ADC. It is measured for each of the input ranges
on Channel 1 (0.5V, 0.25V and 0.125V). The difference is
expressed as a percentage of the ideal code.
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION
This quantifies the ADE7753 measurement error as a percentage of reading when the power supplies are varied.
For the AC PSR measurement a reading at nominal supplies
(5V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same
input signal levels when an ac (175mV rms/120Hz) signal is
introduced onto the supplies. Any error introduced by this
AC signal is expressed as a percentage of reading—see
Measurement Error definition above.
For the DC PSR measurement a reading at nominal supplies
(5V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same
REV. PrF 10/02
GAIN ERROR MATCH
The Gain Error Match is defined as the gain error (minus the
offset) obtained when switching between a gain of 1 (for each
of the input ranges) and a gain of 2, 4, 8, or 16. It is expressed
as a percentage of the output ADC code obtained under a gain
of 1. This gives the gain error observed when the gain
selection is changed from 1 to 2, 4, 8 or 16.
–5–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Pin No.
MNEMONIC
DESCRIPTION
1
RESET
Reset pin for the ADE7753. A logic low on this pin will hold the ADCs and digital
circuitry (including the Serial Interface) in a reset condition.
2
DVDD
Digital power supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the digital circuitry in
the ADE7753. The supply voltage should be maintained at 5V ± 5% for specified operation. This pin should be decoupled to DGND with a 10µF capacitor in parallel with
a ceramic 100nF capacitor.
3
AVDD
Analog power supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the analog circuitry in
the ADE7753. The supply should be maintained at 5V ± 5% for specified operation.
Every effort should be made to minimize power supply ripple and noise at this pin by
the use of proper decoupling. The typical performance graphs in this data sheet show
the power supply rejection performance. This pin should be decoupled to AGND with a
10µF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100nF capacitor.
4,5
V1P, V1N
Analog inputs for Channel 1. This channel is intended for use with the di/dt current
transducer such as Rogowski coil or other current sensor such as shunt or current transformer (CT). These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with maximum
differential input signal levels of ±0.5V, ±0.25V and ±0.125V, depending on the full
scale selection - See Analog Inputs. Channel 1 also has a PGA with gain selections of 1,
2, 4, 8 or 16. The maximum signal level at these pins with respect to AGND is ±0.5V.
Both inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry and in addition an overvoltage of
±6V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage.
6,7
V2N, V2P
Analog inputs for Channel 2. This channel is intended for use with the voltage transducer. These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum differential
signal level of ±0.5V. Channel 2 also has a PGA with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8 or
16. The maximum signal level at these pins with respect to AGND is ±0.5V. Both
inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry, and an overvoltage of ±6V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage.
8
AGND
This pin provides the ground reference for the analog circuitry in the ADE7753, i.e.
ADCs and reference. This pin should be tied to the analog ground plane or the quietest
ground reference in the system. This quiet ground reference should be used for all analog circuitry, e.g. anti-aliasing filters, current and voltage transducers etc. In order to
keep ground noise around the ADE7753 to a minimum, the quiet ground plane should
only connected to the digital ground plane at one point. It is acceptable to place the
entire device on the analog ground plane - see Applications Information.
9
REFIN/OUT
This pin provides access to the on-chip voltage reference. The on-chip reference has a
nominal value of 2.4V ± 8% and a typical temperature coefficient of 20ppm/°C. An
external reference source may also be connected at this pin. In either case this pin
should be decoupled to AGND with a 1µF ceramic capacitor.
10
DGND
This provides the ground reference for the digital circuitry in the ADE7753, i.e. multiplier, filters and digital-to-frequency converter. Because the digital return currents in
the ADE7753 are small, it is acceptable to connect this pin to the analog ground plane
of the system - see Applications Information. However, high bus capacitance on the DOUT
pin may result in noisy digital current which could affect performance.
11
CF
Calibration Frequency logic output. The CF logic output gives Active Power information. This output is intended to be used for operational and calibration purposes. The
full-scale output frequency can be adjusted by writing to the CFDEN and CFNUM
Register—see Energy To Frequency Conversion.
12
ZX
Voltage waveform (Channel 2) zero crossing output. This output toggles logic high and
low at the zero crossing of the differential signal on Channel 2—see Zero Crossing Detection.
13
SAG
This open drain logic output goes active low when either no zero crossings are detected
or a low voltage threshold (Channel 2) is crossed for a specified duration. See Line Voltage Sag Detection.
14
IRQ
Interrupt Request Output. This is an active low open drain logic output. Maskable
interrupts include: Active Energy Register roll-over, Active Energy Register at half
level, and arrivals of new waveform samples. See ADE7753 Interrupts.
–6–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Pin No.
MNEMONIC
DESCRIPTION
15
CLKIN
Master clock for ADCs and digital signal processing. An external clock can be provided at this logic input. Alternatively, a parallel resonant AT crystal can be connected
across CLKIN and CLKOUT to provide a clock source for the ADE7753. The clock
frequency for specified operation is 3.579545MHz. Ceramic load capacitors of between
22pF and 33pF should be used with the gate oscillator circuit. Refer to crystal manufacturers data sheet for load capacitance requirements.
16
CLKOUT
A crystal can be connected across this pin and CLKIN as described above to provide a
clock source for the ADE7753. The CLKOUT pin can drive one CMOS load when
either an external clock is supplied at CLKIN or a crystal is being used.
17
CS
Chip Select. Part of the four wire SPI Serial Interface. This active low logic input allows the ADE7753 to share the serial bus with several other devices. See ADE7753 Serial
Interface.
18
SCLK
Serial Clock Input for the synchronous serial interface. All Serial data transfers are
synchronized to this clock—see ADE7753 Serial Interface. The SCLK has a schmitt-trigger
input for use with a clock source which has a slow edge transition time, e.g., optoisolator outputs.
19
DOUT
Data Output for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted out at this pin on the rising edge of
SCLK. This logic output is normally in a high impedance state unless it is driving data
onto the serial data bus—see ADE7753 Serial Interface..
20
DIN
Data Input for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted in at this pin on the falling edge of
SCLK—see ADE7753 Serial Interface..
PIN CONFIGURATION
SSOP Packages
RESET
1
20 DIN
DVDD
2
19 DOUT
AVDD
3
V1P
V1N
5
TOP VIEW
17 CS
16
(Not to Scale)
CLKOUT
6
15 CLKIN
V2P
7
14
IRQ
AGND
8
13
SAG
9
12 ZX
10
11 CF
V2N
REFIN/OUT
DGND
REV. PrF 10/02
4
18 SCLK
ADE7753
–7–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Typical Performance Characteristics-ADE7753
TBD
TBD
TPC 4— Error as a % of Reading (Full-Scale input for Channel 1=0.25V, Gain=4)
TPC 1— Error as a % of Reading (Gain=1)
TBD
TBD
TPC 2— Error as a % of Reading (Gain=4)
TPC 5— Error as a % of Reading (Full-scale input for Channel 1=0.125V, Gain=8)
TBD
TBD
TPC 3— Error as a % of Reading (Gain=16)
–8–
TPC 6— Test Circuits for Performance Curves
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
ANALOG INPUTS
The ADE7753 has two fully differential voltage input channels. The maximum differential input voltage for input pairs
V1P/V1N and V2P/V2N are ±0.5V. In addition, the maximum signal level on analog inputs for V1P/V1N and V2P/
V2N are ±0.5V with respect to AGND.
Each analog input channel has a PGA (Programmable Gain
Amplifier) with possible gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16.
The gain selections are made by writing to the Gain register—see Figure 2. Bits 0 to 2 select the gain for the PGA in
Channel 1 and the gain selection for the PGA in Channel 2
is made via bits 5 to 7. Figure 1 shows how a gain selection
for Channel 1 is made using the Gain register.
GAIN REGISTER*
Channel 1 and Channel 2 PGA Control
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ADDR: 0FH
PGA 1 Gain Select
000 = x1
001 = x2
010 = x4
011 = x8
100 = x16
PGA 2 Gain Select
000 = x1
001 = x2
010 = x4
011 = x8
100 = x16
*Register contents show power on defaults
Channel 1 Full Scale Select
00 = 0.5V
01 = 0.25V
10 = 0.125V
Figure 2— ADE7753 Analog Gain register
GAIN[7:0]
Gain (k)
selection
V1P
+
-
Vin
It is also possible to adjust offset errors on Channel 1 and
Channel 2 by writing to the Offset Correction Registers
(CH1OS and CH2OS respectively). These registers allow
channel offsets in the range ±20mV to ±50mV (depending on
the gain setting) to be removed. Note that it is not necessary
to perform an offset correction in an Energy measurement
application if HPF in Channel 1 is switched on. Figure 3
shows the effect of offsets on the real power calculation. As
can be seen from Figure 3, an offset on Channel 1 and
Channel 2 will contribute a dc component after multiplication. Since this dc component is extracted by LPF2 to
generate the Active (Real) Power information, the offsets will
have contributed an error to the Active Power calculation.
This problem is easily avoided by enabling HPF in Channel
1. By removing the offset from at least one channel, no error
component is generated at dc by the multiplication. Error
terms at Cos(w.t) are removed by LPF2 and by integration of
the Active Power signal in the Active Energy register (AENERGY[23:0]) – see Energy Calculation.
k.Vin
Σ
V1N
+
Offset
Adjust
(±50mV)
CH1OS[7:0]
Bit 0 to 5: Sign magnitude coded offset correction
Bit 6: Not used
Bit 7: Digital Integrator (On=1, Off=0; default ON)
Figure 1— PGA in Channel 1
In addition to the PGA, Channel 1 also has a full scale input
range selection for the ADC. The ADC analog input range
selection is also made using the Gain register—see Figure 2.
As mentioned previously the maximum differential input
voltage is 1V. However, by using bits 3 and 4 in the Gain
register, the maximum ADC input voltage can be set to 0.5V,
0.25V or 0.125V. This is achieved by adjusting the ADC
reference—see ADE7753 Reference Circuit. Table I below summarizes the maximum differential input signal level on
Channel 1 for the various ADC range and gain selections.
DC component (including error term) is
extracted by the LPF for real power
calculation
VOS.IOS
V.I
2
IOS.V
VOS.I
0
ω
2ω
frequency (rad/s)
Figure 3— Effect of channel offsets on the real power calculation
Table I
The contents of the Offset Correction registers are 6-Bit, sign
and magnitude coded. The weighting of the LSB size
depends on the gain setting, i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16. Table II
below shows the correctable offset span for each of the gain
settings and the LSB weight (mV) for the Offset Correction
registers. The maximum value which can be written to the
offset correction registers is ±31 decimal —see Figure 4.
Figure 4 shows the relationship between the Offset Correction register contents and the offset (mV) on the analog inputs
for a gain setting of one. In order to perform an offset
adjustment, The analog inputs should be first connected to
AGND, and there should be no signal on either Channel 1
or Channel 2. A read from Channel 1 or Channel 2 using the
Maximum input signal levels for Channel 1
Max Signal
Channel 1
ADC Input Range Selection
0.5V
0.25V
0.125V
0.5V
0.25V
0.125V
0.0625V
0.0313V
0.0156V
0.00781V
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
—
—
REV. PrF 10/02
=
=
=
=
=
1
2
4
8
16
—
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
—
=
=
=
=
=
1
2
4
8
16
—
—
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
=
=
=
=
=
1
2
4
8
16
–9–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
The current signal needs to be recovered from the di/dt signal
before it can be used. An integrator is therefore necessary to
restore the signal to its original form. The ADE7753 has a
built-in digital integrator to recover the current signal from
the di/dt sensor. The digital integrator on Channel 1 is
switched off by default when the ADE7753 is powered up.
Setting the MSB of CH1OS register will turn on the
integrator. Figures 6 to 9 show the magnitude and phase
response of the digital integrator.
Table II
Offset Correction range
Gain
1
2
4
8
16
Correctable Span
LSB Size
±50mV
±37mV
±30mV
±26mV
±24mV
1.61mV/LSB
1.19mV/LSB
0.97mV/LSB
0.84mV/LSB
0.77mV/LSB
10
Waveform register will give an indication of the offset in the
channel. This offset can be canceled by writing an equal and
opposite offset value to the relevant offset register. The offset
correction can be confirmed by performing another read.
Note when adjusting the offset of Channel 1, one should
disable the digital integrator and the HPF.
0
GAIN-dB
-10
-30
CH1OS[5:0]
1Fh
-20
01, 1111b Sign + 5 Bits
-40
-50
10
2
10
3
FREQUENCY-Hz
00h
0mV
-50mV
3Fh
Figure 6– Combined gain response of the digital integrator
and phase compensator
+50mV
Offset
Adjust
-88
11, 1111b Sign + 5 Bits
-88.5
PHASE-DEGREES
Figure 4– Channel Offset Correction Range (Gain = 1)
-89
-89.5
di/dt CURRENT SENSOR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATOR
di/dt sensor detects changes in magetic field caused by ac
current. Figure 5 shows the principle of a di/dt current
sensor.
-90
-90.5
10
2
10
3
FREQUENCY-Hz
Figure 7– Combined phase response of the digital integrator and phase compensator
Magnetic field created by current
(directly propor tional to current)
-1
-1.5
+ EMF (electromotive force)
- induced by changes in
magnetic flux density (d/dt)
-2
-2.5
-3
GAIN-dB
Figure 5– Principle of a di/dt current sensor
-3.5
-4
The flux density of a magnetic field induced by a current is
directly proportional to the magnitude of the current. The
changes in the magnetic flux density passing through a
conductor loop generates an electromotive force (EMF)
between the two ends of the loop. The EMF is a voltage signal
which is proportional to the di/dt of the current. The voltage
output from the di/dt current sensor is determined by the
mutual inductance between the current carrying conductor
and the di/dt sensor.
-4.5
-5
-5.5
-6
40
45
50
55
FREQUENCY-Hz
60
65
70
Figure 8– Combined gain response of the digital integrator
and phase compensator (40Hz to 70Hz)
–10–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
The phase response of this filter is shown in the Channel 2
Sampling section of this data sheet. The phase lag response of
LPF1 results in a time delay of approximately 0.97ms (@
60Hz) between the zero crossing on the analog inputs of
Channel 2 and the rising or falling edge of ZX.
The zero-crossing detection also drives one flag bit in the
interrupt status register. An active low in the IRQ output will
also appear if the corresponding bit in the Interrupt Enable
register is set to logic one.
The flag in the Interrupt status register as well as the IRQ
output are reset to their default value when the Interrupt
Status register with reset (RSTSTATUS) is read.
-89.7
-89.75
PHASE-DEGREES
-89.8
-89.85
-89.9
-89.95
-90
-90.05
40
45
50
55
FREQUENCY-Hz
60
65
70
Figure 9– Combined phase response of the digital integrator and phase compensator (40Hz to 70Hz)
Note that the integrator has a -20dB/dec attenuation and
approximately -90° phase shift. When combined with a di/dt
sensor, the resulting magnitude and phase response should be
a flat gain over the frequency band of interest. However, the
di/dt sensor has a 20dB/dec gain associated with it, and
generates significant high frequency noise, a more effective
anti-aliasing filter is needed to avoid noise due to aliasing—
see Antialias Filter.
When the digital integrator is switched off, the ADE7753 can
be used directly with a conventional current sensor such as
current transformer (CT) or a low resistance current shunt.
ZERO CROSSING DETECTION
The ADE7753 has a zero crossing detection circuit on
Channel 2. This zero crossing is used to produce an external
zero cross signal (ZX) and it is also used in the calibration
mode - see Energy Calibration. The zero crossing signal is also
used to initiate a temperature measurement on the ADE7753
- see Temperature Measurement.
Figure 10 shows how the zero cross signal is generated from
the output of LPF1.
V2P
x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16
GAIN[7:5]
The zero crossing detection also has an associated time-out
register ZXTOUT. This unsigned, 12-bit register is
decremented (1 LSB) every 128/CLKIN seconds. The register is reset to its user programmed full scale value every time
a zero crossing on Channel 2 is detected. The default power
on value in this register is FFFh. If the register decrements
to zero before a zero crossing is detected and the DISSAG bit
in the Mode register is logic zero, the SAG pin will go active
low. The absence of a zero crossing is also indicated on the
IRQ pin if the ZXTO enable bit in the Interrupt Enable
register is set to logic one. Irrespective of the enable bit
setting, the ZXTO flag in the Interrupt Status register is
always set when the ZXTOUT register is decremented to
zero - see ADE7753 Interrupts.
The Zerocross Time-out register can be written/read by the
user and has an address of 1Dh - see Serial Interface section. The
resolution of the register is 128/CLKIN seconds per LSB.
Thus the maximum delay for an interrupt is 0.15 second
(128/CLKIN × 212).
Figure 11 shows the mechanism of the zero crossing time out
detection when the line voltage stays at a fixed DC level for
more than CLKIN/128 x ZXTOUT seconds.
16-bit internal
register value
ZXTOUT
REFERENCE
1
V2
Zero Crossing Timeout
TO
MULTIPLIER
-63% to + 63% FS
Channel 2
ADC 2
PGA2
V2N
ZERO
CROSS
ZX
ZXTO
detection bit
LPF1
f-3dB = 140Hz
23.2 8@ 60Hz
1.0
0.92
ZX
Figure 11 - Zero crossing Time out detection
PERIOD MEASUREMENT
V2
LPF1
The ADE7753 provides also the period measurement of the
line. The period register is an unsigned 15-bit register and is
updated every period.
Figure 10– Zero cross detection on Channel 2
The ZX signal will go logic high on a positive going zero
The resolution of this register is 2.2ms/LSB when
crossing and logic low on a negative going zero crossing on
CLKIN=3.579545MHz, which represents 0.013% when the
Channel 2. The zero crossing signal ZX is generated from the
line frequency is 60Hz. When the line frequency is 60Hz, the
output of LPF1. LPF1 has a single pole at 156Hz (at CLKIN
value of the Period register is approximately 7576d. The
= 3.579545MHz). As a result there will be a phase lag
length of the register enables the measurement of line
between the analog input signal V2 and the output of LPF1.
frequencies as low as 13.9Hz.
–11–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
POWER SUPPLY MONITOR
The ADE7753 also contains an on-chip power supply monitor. The Analog Supply (AVDD) is continuously monitored
by the ADE7753. If the supply is less than 4V ± 5% then the
ADE7753 will go into an inactive state, i.e. no energy will be
accumulated when the supply voltage is below 4V. This is
useful to ensure correct device operation at power up and
during power down. The power supply monitor has built-in
hysteresis and filtering. This gives a high degree of immunity
to false triggering due to noisy supplies.
AVDD
tains 03h the SAG pin will go active low at the end of the fifth
line cycle for which the line voltage falls below the threshold,
if the DISSAG bit in the Mode register is logic zero. As is
the case when zero-crossings are no longer detected, the sag
event is also recorded by setting the SAG flag in the Interrupt
Status register. If the SAG enable bit is set to logic one, the
IRQ logic output will go active low - see ADE7753 Interrupts.
The SAG pin will go logic high again when the absolute value
of the signal on Channel 2 exceeds the sag level set in the Sag
Level register. This is shown in Figure 13 when the SAG pin
goes high during the tenth line cycle from the time when the
signal on Channel 2 first dropped below the threshold level.
Sag Level Set
The contents of the Sag Level register (1 byte) are compared
to the absolute value of the most significant byte output from
LPF1, after it is shifted left by one bit. Thus for example the
nominal maximum code from LPF1 with a full scale signal
on Channel 2 is 2518h—see Channel 2 sampling. Shifting one
bit left will give 4A30h. Therefore writing 4Ah to the SAG
Level register will put the sag detection level at full scale.
Writing 00h will put the sag detection level at zero. The Sag
Level register is compared to the most significant byte of a
waveform sample after the shift left and detection is made
when the contents of the sag level register are greater.
5V
4V
0V
Time
ADE7753
Power-on
Inactive Inactive
State
Active
Inactive
SAG
PEAK DETECTION
Figure 12 - On-Chip power supply monitor
As can be seen from Figure 12 the trigger level is nominally
set at 4V. The tolerance on this trigger level is about ±5%.
The SAG pin can also be used as a power supply monitor
input to the MCU. The SAG pin will go logic low when the
ADE7753 is in its inactive state. The power supply and
decoupling for the part should be such that the ripple at
AV DD does not exceed 5V±5% as specified for normal
operation.
The ADE7753 can also be programmed to detect when the
absolute value of the voltage or the current channel of one
phase exceeds a certain peak value. Figure 14 illustrates the
behavior of the peak detection for the voltage channel.
V2
VPKLVL[7:0]
LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECTION
PKV reset low
when RSTSTATUS register
is read
In addition to the detection of the loss of the line voltage
signal (zero crossing), the ADE7753 can also be programmed to detect when the absolute value of the line voltage
drops below a certain peak value, for a number of line cycles.
This condition is illustrated in Figure 13 below.
PKV Interrupt Flag
(Bit 8 of STATUS register)
Read RSTSTATUS register
Channel 2
Figure 14 - ADE7753 Peak detection
Full Scale
Both channel 1 and channel 2 are monitored at the same time.
Figure 14 shows a line voltage exceeding a threshold which
is set in the Voltage peak register (VPKLVL[7:0]). The
Voltage Peak event is recorded by setting the PKV flag in the
Interrupt Status register. If the PKV enable bit is set to logic
one in the Interrupt Mask register, the IRQ logic output will
go active low. Similarly, the Current Peak event is recorded
by setting the PKI flag in the Ineterrupt Status register—see
ADE7753 Interrupts.
SAGLVL[7:0]
SAGCYC[7:0] = 06H
6 half cycles
SAG reset high
when Channel 2
exceeds SAGLVL[7:0]
SAG
Peak Level Set
Figure 13– ADE7753 Sag detection
Figure 13 shows the line voltage fall below a threshold which
is set in the Sag Level register (SAGLVL[7:0]) for five line
cycles. Since the Sag Cycle register (SAGCYC[7:0]) con-
The contents of the VPKLVL and IPKLVL registers are
respectively compared to the absolute value of channel 1 and
channel 2, after they are multiplied by 2.
–12–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Thus, for example, the nominal maximum code from the
channel 1 ADC with a full scale signal is 2851ECh —see
Channel 1 Sampling. Multiplying by 2 will give 50A3D8h.
Therefore, writing 50h to the IPKLVL register will put the
channel 1 peak detection level at full scale and set the current
peak detection to its least sensitive value.
Writing 00h will put the channel 1 detection level at zero.
The detection is done when the content of the IPKLVL
register is smaller than the incoming channel 1 sample.
read command—see Interrupt timing. When carrying out a read
with reset, the ADE7753 is designed to ensure that no
interrupt events are missed. If an interrupt event occurs just
as the Status register is being read, the event will not be lost
and the IRQ logic output is guaranteed to go high for the
duration of the Interrupt Status register data transfer before
going logic low again to indicate the pending interrupt. See
the next section for a more detailed description.
Peak Level Record
Shown in Figure 15 is a timing diagram which shows a
suggested implementation of ADE7753 interrupt management using an MCU. At time t1 the IRQ line will go active
low indicating that one or more interrupt events have occurred in the ADE7753. The IRQ logic output should be tied
to a negative edge triggered external interrupt on the MCU.
On detection of the negative edge, the MCU should be
configured to start executing its Interrupt Service Routine
(ISR). On entering the ISR, all interrupts should be disabled
using the global interrupt enable bit. At this point the MCU
external interrupt flag can be cleared in order to capture
interrupt events which occur during the current ISR. When
the MCU interrupt flag is cleared a read from the Status
register with reset is carried out. This will cause the IRQ line
to be reset logic high (t2)—see Interrupt timing. The Status
register contents are used to determine the source of the
interrupt(s) and hence the appropriate action to be taken. If
a subsequent interrupt event occurs during the ISR, that event
will be recorded by the MCU external interrupt flag being set
again (t3). On returning from the ISR, the global interrupt
mask will be cleared (same instruction cycle) and the external
interrupt flag will cause the MCU to jump to its ISR once
again. This will ensure that the MCU does not miss any
external interrupts.
Using the ADE7753 Interrupts with an MCU
The ADE7753 records the maximum absolute value reached
by channel 1 and channel 2 in two different registers - IPEAK
and VPEAK respectively. VPEAK and IPEAK are 24-bit
unsigned registers. These registers are updated each time the
absolute value of the Waveform sample from the corresponding channel is above the value stored in the VPEAK or IPEAK
register. The contents of the VPEAK register corresponds to
2 times the maximum absolute value observed on the channel
2 input. The contents of IPEAK represents the max absolute
value observed on the channel 1 input. Reading the
RSTVPEAK and RSTIPEAK registers will clear their respective contents after the read operation.
ADE7753 INTERRUPTS
ADE7753 Interrupts are managed through the Interrupt
Status register (STATUS[15:0]) and the Interrupt Enable
register (IRQEN[15:0]). When an interrupt event occurs in
the ADE7753, the corresponding flag in the Status register
is set to a logic one - see Interrupt Status register. If the enable
bit for this interrupt in the Interrupt Enable register is logic
one, then the IRQ logic output goes active low. The flag bits
in the Status register are set irrespective of the state of the
enable bits.
In order to determine the source of the interrupt, the system
master (MCU) should perform a read from the Status
register with reset (RSTSTATUS[15:0]). This is achieved
by carrying out a read from address 0Ch. The IRQ output will
go logic high on completion of the Interrupt Status register
Interrupt timing
The ADE7753 Serial Interface section should be reviewed first
before reviewing the interrupt timing. As previously deMCU
int. flag set
t3
t2
t1
IRQ
MCU Program Jump to Global int. Clear MCU
Mask Set
int. flag
ISR
Sequence
Read
Status with
Reset (05h)
ISR Action
(Based on Status contents)
ISR Return
Global int. Mask
Reset
Figure 15– ADE7753 interrupt management
CS
t1
t9
SCLK
DIN
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
t11
t11
DOUT
DB7
Read Status Register Command
DB0 DB7
Status Register Contents
IRQ
REV. PrF 10/02
Figure 16– ADE7753 interrupt timing
–13–
DB0
Jump to
ISR
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
scribed, when the IRQ output goes low the MCU ISR must
read the Interrupt Status register in order to determine the
source of the interrupt. When reading the Status register
contents, the IRQ output is set high on the last falling edge
of SCLK of the first byte transfer (read Interrupt Status
register command). The IRQ output is held high until the last
bit of the next 15-bit transfer is shifted out (Interrupt Status
register contents)— see Figure 16. If an interrupt is pending
at this time, the IRQ output will go low again. If no interrupt
is pending the IRQ output will stay high.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
ADE7753 also includes an on-chip temperature sensor. A
temperature measurement can be made by setting bit 5 in the
Mode register. When bit 5 is set logic high in the Mode
register, the ADE7753 will initiate a temperature measurement on the next zero crossing. When the zero crossing on
Channel 2 is detected the voltage output from the temperature sensing circuit is connected to ADC1 (Channel 1) for
digitizing. The resultant code is processed and placed in the
Temperature register (TEMP[7:0]) approximately 26µs later
(24 CLKIN cycles). If enabled in the Interrupt Enable
register (bit 5), the IRQ output will go active low when the
temperature conversion is finished. Please note that temperature conversion will introduce a small amount of noise in the
energy calculation. If temperature conversion is performed
frequently (e.g. multiple times per second), a noticeable
error will accumulate in the resulting energy calculation over
time.
The contents of the Temperature register are signed (2's
complement) with a resolution of approximately 1 LSB/°C.
The temperature register will produce a code of 00h when the
ambient temperature is approximately 70°C. The temperature measurement is uncalibrated in the ADE7753 and has an
offset tolerance that could be as high as ±20°C.
the 1-bit ADC is virtually meaningless. Only when a large
number of samples are averaged will a meaningful result be
obtained. This averaging is carried out in the second part of
the ADC, the digital low pass filter. By averaging a large
number of bits from the modulator the low pass filter can
produce 24-bit data words which are proportional to the input
signal level.
The sigma-delta converter uses two techniques to achieve
high resolution from what is essentially a 1-bit conversion
technique. The first is over-sampling. By over sampling we
mean that the signal is sampled at a rate (frequency) which is
many times higher than the bandwidth of interest. For
example the sampling rate in the ADE7753 is CLKIN/4
(894kHz) and the band of interest is 40Hz to 2kHz. Oversampling has the effect of spreading the quantization noise
(noise due to sampling) over a wider bandwidth. With the
noise spread more thinly over a wider bandwidth, the
quantization noise in the band of interest is lowered—see
Figure 18. However, oversampling alone is not an efficient
enough method to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in
the band of interest. For example, an oversampling ratio of
4 is required just to increase the SNR by only 6dB (1-Bit). To
keep the oversampling ratio at a reasonable level, it is
possible to shape the quantization noise so that the majority
of the noise lies at the higher frequencies. This is what
happens in the sigma-delta modulator, the noise is shaped by
the integrator which has a high pass type response for the
quantization noise. The result is that most of the noise is at
the higher frequencies where it can be removed by the digital
low pass filter. This noise shaping is also shown in Figure 18.
Antialias filter (RC)
Digital filter
Shaped
Signal
ADE7753 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION
The analog-to-digital conversion in the ADE7753 is carried
out using two second order sigma-delta ADCs. For simplicity reason, the block diagram in Figure 17 shows a first order
sigma-delta ADC. The converter is made up of two parts: the
sigma-delta modulator and the digital low pass filter.
Noise
Sampling
Frequency
Noise
0
2kHz
447kHz
894kHz
Frequency (Hz)
MCLK/4
High resolution
output from Digital
LPF
Signal
Analog Low Pass Filter
+
R
Digital Low Pass Filter
INTEGRATOR
Σ
-
e
+
VREF
LATCHED
COMPARATOR
-
24
Noise
C
....10100101......
0
1-Bit DAC
2kHz
447kHz
894kHz
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 17– First Order Sigma-Delta (Σ−∆) ADC
A sigma-delta modulator converts the input signal into a
continuous serial stream of 1's and 0's at a rate determined by
the sampling clock. In the ADE7753 the sampling clock is
equal to CLKIN/4. The 1-bit DAC in the feedback loop is
driven by the serial data stream. The DAC output is subtracted from the input signal. If the loop gain is high enough
the average value of the DAC output (and therefore the bit
stream) will approach that of the input signal level. For any
given input value in a single sampling interval, the data from
Figure 18– Noise reduction due to Oversampling & Noise
shaping in the analog modulator
Antialias Filter
Figure 17 also shows an analog low pass filter (RC) on the
input to the modulator. This filter is present to prevent
aliasing. Aliasing is an artifact of all sampled systems.
Basically it means that frequency components in the input
signal to the ADC which are higher than half the sampling
rate of the ADC will appear in the sampled signal at a
–14–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
frequency below half the sampling rate. Figure 19 illustrates
the effect. Frequency components (arrows shown in black)
above half the sampling frequency (also know as the Nyquist
frequency, i.e., 447kHz) get imaged or folded back down
below 447kHz (arrows shown in grey). This will happen with
all ADCs regardless of the architecture. In the example
shown, only frequencies near the sampling frequency, i.e.,
894kHz, will move into the band of interest for metering, i.e,
40Hz - 2kHz. This allows the usage of very simple LPF (Low
Pass Filter) to attenuate high frequency (near 900kHz) noise
and prevents distortion in the band of interest. For conventional current sensor, a simple RC filter (single pole LPF)
with a corner frequency of 10kHz will produce an attenuation
of approximately 40dBs at 894kHz—see Figure 18. The
20dB per decade attenuation is usually sufficient to eliminate
the effects of aliasing for conventional current sensor.
For di/dt sensor such as Rogowski coil, however, the sensor
has 20dB per decade gain. This will neutralize the -20dB per
decade attenuation produced by the simple LPF. Therefore,
when using a di/dt sensor, care should be taken to offset the
20dB per decade gain coming from the di/dt sensor. One
simple approach is to cascade two RC filters to produce the
-40dB per decade attenuation needed.
Aliasing Effects
Sampling Frequency
image
frequencies
0
2kHz
447kHz
894kHz
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 19 —ADC and signal processing in Channel 1
ADC transfer function
Below is an expression which relates the output of the LPF
in the sigma-delta ADC to the analog input signal level. Both
ADCs in the ADE7753 are designed to produce the same
output code for the same input signal level.
Code ( ADC ) = 3.0492 ×
Maximum
Load = 10µA
PTAT
Output
Impedance
6kΩ
REFIN/OUT
2.42V
60µA
2.5V
1.7kΩ
12.5kΩ
12.5kΩ
12.5kΩ
Reference input to ADC
Channel 1 (Range Select)
2.42V, 1.21V, 0.6V
12.5kΩ
Figure 20 —ADE7753 Reference Circuit Ouput
The REFIN/OUT pin can be overdriven by an external source,
e.g., an external 2.5V reference. Note that the nominal
reference value supplied to the ADCs is now 2.5V not 2.42V.
This has the effect of increasing the nominal analog input
signal range by 2.5/2.42×100% = 3% or from 0.5V to
0.5165V.
The voltage of ADE7753 reference drifts slightly with
temperature—see ADE7753 Specifications for the temperature
coefficient specification (in ppm/°C) . The value of the
temperature drift varies from part to part. Since the reference
is used for the ADCs in both Channel 1 and 2, any x% drift
in the reference will result in 2x% deviation of the meter
accuracy. The reference drift resulting from temperature
changes is usually very small and it is typically much smaller
than the drift of other components on a meter. However, if
guaranteed temperature performance is needed, one needs to
use an external voltage reference. Alternatively, the meter can
be calibrated at multiple temperatures. Real time compensation can be easily achieved using the on the on-chip temperature
sensor.
CHANNEL 1 ADC
Vin
× 262,144
Vout
Therefore with a full scale signal on the input of 0.5V and an
internal reference of 2.42V, the ADC output code is nominally 165,151 or 2851Fh. The maximum code from the
ADC is ±262,144, this is equivalent to an input signal level
of ±0.794V. However for specified performance it is not
recommended that the full-scale input signal level of 0.5V be
exceeded.
Figure 21 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for
Channel 1. In waveform sampling mode the ADC outputs a
signed 2’s Complement 24-bit data word at a maximum of
27.9kSPS (CLKIN/128). With the specified full scale analog input signal of 0.5V (or 0.25V or 0.125V – see Analog
Inputs section) the ADC will produce an output code which is
approximately between 2851ECh (+2,642,412 Decimal)
and D7AE14h (-2,642,412 Decimal). This is illustrated in
Figure 21.
ADE7753 Reference circuit
Channel 1 Sampling
The waveform samples may also be routed to the WAVEFORM register (MODE[14:13] = 1,0) to be read by the
system master (MCU). In waveform sampling mode the
WSMP bit (bit 3) in the Interrupt Enable register must also
be set to logic one. The Active, Apparent Power and Energy
calculation will remain uninterrupted during waveform sampling.
When in waveform sample mode, one of four output sample
rates may be chosen by using bits 11 and 12 of the Mode
register (WAVSEL1,0). The output sample rate may be
27.9kSPS, 14kSPS, 7kSPS or 3.5kSPS—see Mode Register.
The interrupt request output IRQ signals a new sample
–15–
Shown below in Figure 20 is a simplified version of the
reference output circuitry. The nominal reference voltage at
the REFIN/OUT pin is 2.42V. This is the reference voltage used
for the ADCs in the ADE7753. However, Channel 1 has
three input range selections which are selected by dividing
down the reference value used for the ADC in Channel 1. The
reference value used for Channel 1 is divided down to ½ and
¼ of the nominal value by using an internal resistor divider
as shown in Figure 20.
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
availability by going active low. The timing is shown in
Figure 22. The 24-bit waveform samples are transferred
from the ADE7753 one byte (8-bits) at a time, with the most
significant byte shifted out first. The 24-bit data word is right
justified - see ADE7753 Serial Interface.
RMS register is equivalent to one LSB of a channel 1
waveform sample. The update rate of the channel 1 RMS
measurement is CLKIN/4.
Current Signal - i(t)
2851ECh
Irms(t)
IRMSOS[11:0]
00h
IRQ
25
SIGN 2
D7AE14h
SCLK
HPF
Read from WAVEFORM
DIN
0 0 0
01 Hex
27
17
2
2
16
2
15
2
00h
+
LPF3
Σ
24
Channel 1
26
2
1C82B3h
24
IRMS
Sign
DOUT
Channel 1 DATA - 24 bits
Figure 23 - Channel 1 RMS signal processing
Figure 22 – Waveform sampling Channel 1
The interrupt request output IRQ stays low until the interrupt
routine reads the Reset Status register - see ADE7753 Interrupt.
Channel 1 RMS calculation
Root Mean Square (RMS) value of a continuous signal V(t)
is defined as:
Vrms =
1 T 2 ()
⋅ ∫ V t dt
T 0
(1)
For time sampling signals, rms calculation involves squaring
the signal, taking the average and obtaining the square root:
Vrms =
1 N 2
⋅ ∑V (i ) (2)
N i =1
ADE7753 calculates simultaneously the RMS values for
Channel 1 and Channel 2 in different register. Figure 23
shows the detail of the signal processing chain for the RMS
calculation on channel 1. The channel 1 RMS value is
processed from the samples used in the channel 1 waveform
sampling mode. The channel 1 RMS value is stored in an
unsigned 24-bit register (IRMS). One LSB of the channel 1
x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16
V1P
V1
With the specified full scale analog input signal of 0.5V, the
ADC will produce an output code which is approximately
±2,642,412d—see Channel 1 ADC. The equivalent RMS values of a full-scale AC signal is 1,868,467d (1C82B3h).
Channel 1 RMS offset compensation
The ADE7753 incorporates a channel 1 RMS offset compensation register (IRMSOS). This is 12-bit signed registers
which can be used to remove offset in the channel 1 RMS
calculation. An offset may exist in the RMS calculation due
to input noises that are integrated in the DC component of
V2(t). The offset calibration will allow the content of the
IRMS register to be maintained at zero when no input is
present on channel 1.
1 LSB of the Channel 1 RMS offset are equivalent to 32,768
LSB of the square of the Channel 1 RMS register. Assuming
that the maximum value from the Channel 1 RMS calculation is 1,868,467d with full scale AC inputs, then 1 LSB of
the channel 1 RMS offset represents 0.46% of measurement
error at -60dB down of full scale.
Irms = Irms
+ IRMSOS × 32768
where Irmso is the RMS measurement without offset correction.
CURRENT RMS (IRMS)
CALCULATION
2.42V, 1.21V, 0.6V
GAIN[4:3]
REFERENCE
WAVEFORM SAMPLE
REGISTER
DIGITAL
INTEGRATOR*
GAIN[2:0]
HPF
PGA1
2
0
∫
ADC 1
ACTIVE AND REACTIVE
POWER CALCULATION
V1N
Channel 1 (Current Waveform)
Data Range After integrator (50Hz)
50Hz
1EF73Ch
V1
0.5V, 0.25V,
0.125V, 62.5mV,
31.3mV, 15.6mV,
0V
000000h
2851ECh
Channel 1 (Current Waveform)
Data Range
000000h
2851ECh
D7AE14h
Analog
Input
Range
E108C4h
ADC Output
word Range
000000h
Channel 1 (Current Waveform)
Data Range After Integrator (60Hz)
60Hz
D7AE14h
19CE08h
000000h
*WHEN DIGITAL INTEGRATOR IS ENABLED, FULL-SCALE OUTPUT DATA IS ATTENUATED
DEPENDING ON THE SIGNAL FREQUENCY BECAUSE THE INTEGRATOR HAS A -20dB/DECADE
FREQUENCY RESPONSE. WHEN DISABLED, THE OUTPUT WILL NOT BE FURTHER ATTENUATED.
Figure 21 —ADC and signal processing in Channel 1
–16–
E631F8h
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
CHANNEL 2 ADC
Channel 2 Sampling
In Channel 2 waveform sampling mode (MODE[14:13] =
1,1 and WSMP = 1) the ADC output code scaling for
Channel 2 is not the same as Channel 1. Channel 2 waveform
sample is a 16-bit word and sign extended to 24 bits. For
normal operation, the differential voltage signal between
V2P and V2N should not exceed 0.5V. With maximum
voltage input (±0.5V at PGA gain of 1), the outputs from the
ADC swings between 2852h and D7AEh (±10,322 Decimal). However, before being passed to the Waveform register,
the ADC output is passed through a single pole, low pass
filter with a cutoff frequency of 140Hz. The plots in Figure
24 shows the magnitude and phase response of this filter.
0
0
60 Hz, -0.73dB
-10
50 Hz, -0.52dB
-2
-20
-4
50 Hz, -19.7°
-30
-6
-8
-50
-10
-60
-12
-70
-14
-80
-16
Gain (dBs)
Phase (°)
60 Hz, -23.2°
-40
directly to the multiplier and is not filtered. A HPF is not
required to remove any DC offset since it is only required to
remove the offset from one channel to eliminate errors due to
offsets in the power calculation. When in waveform sample
mode, one of four output sample rates can be chosen by using
bits 11 and 12 of the Mode register. The available output
sample rates are 27.9kSPS, 14kSPS, 7kSPS or 3.5kSPS—
see Mode Register. The interrupt request output IRQ signals a
sample availability by going active low. The timing is the
same as that for Channel 1 and is shown in Figure 22.
Channel 2 RMS calculation
Figure 26 shows the details of the signal processing chain for
the RMS calculation on Channel 2. The channel 2 RMS
value is processed from the samples used in the channel 2
waveform sampling mode. The RMS value will be slightly
attenuated because of LPF1. Channel 2 RMS value is stored
in the unsigned 24-bit VRMS register. The update rate of the
channel 2 RMS measurement is CLKIN/4.
With the specified full scale AC analog input signal of 0.5V,
the outputs from the LPF1 swings between 2518h and
DAE8h at 60 Hz- see Channel 2 ADC. The equivalent RMS
value of this full-scale AC signal is approximately 1,561,400
(17D338h) in the VRMS register.
Voltage Signal - V(t)
2518h
VRMSOS[11:0]
SGN 29 28
0h
-90
1
10
10
-18
2
10
3
Frequency (Hz)
LPF1
1
2
0
2
VRMS[23:0]
LPF3
Channel 2
Figure 24 – Magnitude & Phase response of LPF1
The LPF1 has the effect of attenuating the signal. For
example if the line frequency is 60Hz, then the signal at the
output of LPF1 will be attenuated by about 8%.
2
2
DAE8h
+
+
17D338h
S
00h
Figure 26 - Channel 2 RMS signal processing
Channel 2 RMS offset compensation
H(f) =
(
1
)
= 0.919 = −0.73dB
2
1 + 60Hz 140Hz
Note LPF1 does not affect the power calculation. The signal
processing chain in Channel 2 is illustrated in Figure 25.
2.42V
V2P
V2
x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16
GAIN[7:5]
PGA2
REFERENCE
ADC 2
LPF1
VRMS CALCULATION
AND WAVEFORM
SAMPLING
(PEAK/SAG/ZX)
V2N
V1
Analog
Input Range
0.5V, 0.25V, 0.125V,
62.5mV, 31.25mV
0V
ACTIVE AND REACTIVE
ENERGY CALCULATION
2852h
2518h
LPF Output
word Range
The ADE7753 incorporates a channel 2 RMS offset compensation register (VRMSOS). This is a 12-bit signed registers
which can be used to remove offset in the channel 2 RMS
calculation. An offset may exist in the RMS calculation due
to input noises and dc offset in the input samples. The offset
calibration allows the contents of the VRMS register to be
maintained at zero when no voltage is applied.
1 LSB of the channel 2 RMS offset are equivalent to 1 LSB
of the RMS register. Assuming that the maximum value from
the channel 2 RMS calculation is 1,561,400d with full scale
AC inputs, then 1 LSB of the channel 2 RMS offset represents
0.064% of measurement error at -60dB down of full scale.
Vrms = Vrmso + VRMSOS
where Vrmso is the RMS measurement without offset correction.
0000h
DAE8h
D7AEh
PHASE COMPENSATION
When the HPF is disabled, the phase error between Channel
1 and Channel 2 is zero from DC to 3.5kHz. When HPF is
enabled, Channel 1 has a phase response illustrated in
Figure 25 – ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 2
Figures 28 & 29. Also shown in Figure 30 is the magnitude
Unlike Channel 1, Channel 2 has only one analog input range
response of the filter. As can be seen from the plots, the phase
(1V differential). However like Channel 1, Channel 2 does
response is almost zero from 45Hz to 1kHz, This is all that
have a PGA with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16. For
is required in typical energy measurement applications.
energy measurement, the output of the ADC is passed
–17–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
0.9
0.8
PHASE-DEGREES
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
10
2
10
3
10
4
FREQUENCY-Hz
Figure 28 – Combined Phase Response of the HPF & Phase
Compensation (10Hz to 1kHz)
0.2
0.15
0.1
PHASE-DEGREES
However, despite being internally phase compensated the
ADE7753 must work with transducers which may have
inherent phase errors. For example a phase error of 0.1° to
0.3° is not uncommon for a CT (Current Transformer).
These phase errors can vary from part to part and they must
be corrected in order to perform accurate power calculations.
The errors associated with phase mismatch are particularly
noticeable at low power factors. The ADE7753 provides a
means of digitally calibrating these small phase errors. The
ADE7753 allows a small time delay or time advance to be
introduced into the signal processing chain in order to
compensate for small phase errors. Because the compensation is in time, this technique should only be used for small
phase errors in the range of 0.1° to 0.5°. Correcting large
phase errors using a time shift technique can introduce
significant phase errors at higher harmonics.
The Phase Calibration register (PHCAL[5:0]) is a 2’s
complement signed single byte register which has values
ranging from 21h (-31 in Decimal) to 1Fh (31 in Decimal).
The register is centered at 0Dh, so that writing 0Dh to the
register gives zero delay. By changing the PHCAL register,
the time delay in the Channel 2 signal path can change from
–100.8µs to +33.6µs (CLKIN = 3.579545MHz). One LSB
is equivalent to 2.22µs time delay or advance. With a line
frequency of 60Hz this gives a phase resolution of 0.048° at
the fundamental (i.e., 360° × 2.22µs × 60Hz). Figure 27
illustrates how the phase compensation is used to remove a
0.1° phase lead in Channel 1 due to the external transducer.
In order to cancel the lead (0.1°) in Channel 1, a phase lead
must also be introduced into Channel 2. The resolution of the
phase adjustment allows the introduction of a phase lead in
increment of 0.048°. The phase lead is achieved by introducing a time advance into Channel 2. A time advance of 4.48µs
is made by writing -2 (0Bh) to the time delay block, thus
reducing the amount of time delay by 4.48µs, or equivalently,
a phase lead of approximately 0.1° at line frequency of 60Hz.
0Bh represents -2 because the register is centered with zero
at 0Dh.
0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
40
45
50
55
FREQUENCY-Hz
60
65
70
Figure 29 – Combined Phase Response of the HPF & Phase
Compensation (40Hz to 70Hz)
0.2
HPF
V1P
V1
0.18
24
ADC 1
PGA1
0.16
LPF2
V1N
0.14
24
0.12
1
V2
Delay Block
4.48µs / LSB
ADC 2
PGA2
V2
V1
V2N
0
5
V2
0.18
V1
GAIN-dB
V2P
Channel 2 delay
reduced by 4.48µs
(0.18lead at 60Hz)
0Bh in PHCAL[5:0]
0.1
0.08
0.06
0 0 1 0 1 1
PHCAL[5:0]
-100µs to +34µs
0.04
0.02
60Hz
0
40
45
50
55
FREQUENCY-Hz
60
65
70
60Hz
Figure 30 – Combined Gain Response of the
HPF & Phase Compensation
Figure 27 – Phase Calibration
ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
Power is defined as the rate of energy flow from source to
load. It is defined as the product of the voltage and current
waveforms. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous power signal and it is equal to the rate of energy flow
at every instant of time. The unit of power is the watt or joules/
–18–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
sec. Equation 3 gives an expression for the instantaneous
power signal in an ac system.
v()
t =
2V sin (ωt )
(1)
i()
t =
2 I sin (ωt )
(2)
where
V = rms voltage,
I = rms current.
Since LPF2 does not have an ideal “brick wall” frequency
response—see Figure 32, the Active Power signal will have
some ripple due to the instantaneous power signal. This
ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency equal to twice the line
frequency. Since the ripple is sinusoidal in nature it will be
removed when the Active Power signal is integrated to
calculate Energy – see Energy Calculation.
0
() () ()
p(t ) = VI − VI cos(ωt )
p t = v t × i t
-4
(3)
-8
dBs
The average power over an integral number of line cycles (n)
is given by the expression in Equation 4.
-16
1 nT
P=
∫ p (t )dt = VI
nT 0
-20
(4)
-24
1.0Hz
where T is the line cycle period.
P is referred to as the Active or Real Power. Note that the
active power is equal to the dc component of the instantaneous power signal p(t) in Equation 3 , i.e., VI. This is the
relationship used to calculate active power in the ADE7753.
The instantaneous power signal p(t) is generated by multiplying the current and voltage signals. The dc component of the
instantaneous power signal is then extracted by LPF2 (Low
Pass Filter) to obtain the active power information. This
process is illustrated graphically in Figure 31.
19999Ah
Instantaneous
Power Signal
-12
3.0Hz
10Hz
30Hz
100Hz
Frequency
Figure 32 —Frequency Response of LPF2
Figure 33 shows the signal processing chain for the
ActivePower calculation in the ADE7753. As explained, the
Active Power is calculated by low pass filtering the instantaneous power signal. Note that for when reading the waveform
samples from the output of LPF2,
The gain of the Active Energy can be adjusted by using the
multiplier and Watt Gain register (WGAIN[11:0]). The
gain is adjusted by writing a 2’s complement 12-bit word to
the Watt Gain register. Below is the expression that shows
how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the Watt
Gain register.
p(t) = V×I-V×I×cos(2ωt)
Active Real Power
Signal = V x I

 WGAIN 
Output WGAIN =  Active Power × 1 +


212 

V. I.
CCCCDh
For example when 7FFh is written to the Watt Gain register
the Power output is scaled up by 50%. 7FFh = 2047d,
2047/212 = 0.5. Similarly, 800h = -2048 Dec (signed 2’s
Complement) and power output is scaled by –50%.
Shown in Figure 34 is the maximum code (in hex) output
range for the Active Power signal (LPF2). Note that the
output range changes depending on the contents of the Watt
Gain register. The minimum output range is given when the
Watt Gain register contents are equal to 800h, and the
00000h
Current
i(t) = √2×I×sin(ωt)
Voltage
v(t) = √2×V×sin(ωt)
Figure 31 – Active Power Calculation
HPF
APOS[15:0]
6
sgn 2
I
2
5
-6
2
-7
2
-8
2
24
For Waveform
Sampling
19999h
Current Signal - i(t)
LPF2
24
+
MULTIPLIER
Instantaneous
Power Signal - p(t)
V
+
Σ
32
Active Power
Signal - P
WGAIN[11:0]
19999Ah
Voltage Signal - v(t)
000000h
Figure 33– Active Power Signal Processing
REV. PrF 10/02
–19–
For Energy
Accumulation
CCCCDh
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Active Power Output
maximum range is given by writing 7FFh to the Watt Gain
register. This can be used to calibrate the Active Power (or
Energy) calculation in the ADE7753.
133333h
CCCCDh
66666h
00000h
F9999Ah
F33333h
ECCCCDh
Positive
Power
Negative
Power
000h
7FFh
800h
WGAIN[11:0]
Active Power
Calibration Range
Figure 34 – Active Power Calculation Output Range
ENERGY CALCULATION
As stated earlier, power is defined as the rate of energy flow.
This relationship can be expressed mathematically as
Equation 5.
P=
dE
(5)
dt
Where P = Power and E = Energy.
Conversely Energy is given as the integral of Power.
E = ∫ Pdt
(6)
The ADE7753 achieves the integration of the Active Power
signal by continuously accumulating the Active Power signal
in an internal non-readable 56-bit Energy register. The
Active Energy register (AENERGY[23:0]) represents the
upper 24 bits of this internal register. This discrete time
accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in
continuous time. Equation 7 below expresses the relationship

∞
E = ∫ p(t )dt = Lim∑ p(nT ) × T 

t → 0  n =1
(7)
Current Channel
APOS [15:0]
LPF2
UPPER 24 BITS ARE
ACCESSIBLE THROUGH
AENERGY[23:0] REGISTER
46
Σ
OUTPUT
LPF2
Active Power
Signal - P*
T
4
CLKIN
WAVEFORM
REGISTER
VALUES
WGAIN = 000h
WGAIN = 800h
3F,FFFFh
4
6.2
8
12.5
Time
(minutes)
40,0000h
80,0000h
Figure 36 - Energy register roll-over time for full-scale
power (Minimum & Maximum Power Gain)
0
WGAIN[11:0]
Voltage Channel
WGAIN = 7FFh
WDIV[7:0]
+
+
AENERGY[23:0]
7F,FFFFh
00,0000h
Where n is the discrete time sample number and T is the
sample period.
23 AENERGY[23:0] 0
Figure 35 shows a graphical representation of this discrete
time integration or accumulation. The Active Power signal
in the Waveform register is continuously added to the internal
Active Energy register. This addition is a signed addition,
therefore negative energy will be subtracted from the Active
Energy contents.
The output of the multiplier is divided by WDIV. If the value
in the WDIV register is equal to 0 then the internal Active
Energy register is divided by 1. WDIV is an 8-bit unsigned
register. After dividing by WDIV, the active energy is
accumulated in a 48-bit internal energy accumulation register. The upper 24 bit of this register is accessible through a
read to the Active Energy register (AENERGY[23:0]). A
read to the RAENERGY register will return the content of
the AENERGY register and the upper 24-bit of the internal
register is clear after a read to AENERGY register.
As shown in Figure 35, the Active Power signal is accumulated
in
an
internal
48-bit
signed
register.
The Active Power signal can be read from the Waveform
register by setting MODE[14:13] = 0,0 and setting the
WSMP bit (bit 3) in the Interrupt Enable register to 1. Like
the Channel 1 and Channel 2 waveform sampling modes the
waveform date is available at sample rates of 27.9kSPS,
14kSPS, 7kSPS or 3.5kSPS—see Figure 22.
Figure 36 shows this energy accumulation for full scale
signals (sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. The three curves
displayed, illustrate the minimum period of time it takes the
energy register to roll-over when the Active Power Gain
register contents are 7FFh, 000h and 800h. The Watt Gain
register is used to carry out power calibration in the ADE7753.
As shown, the fastest integration time will occur when the
Watt Gain register is set to maximum full scale, i.e., 7FFh.
OUTPUTS FROM THE LPF2 ARE
ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN
THE INTERNAL ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER
time (nT)
Figure 35 – ADE7753 Active Energy Calculation
The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation
register in the ADE7753 is 1.1µs (4/CLKIN). As well as
calculating the Energy this integration removes any sinusoidal components which may be in the Active Power signal.
Note that the energy register contents will roll over to fullscale negative (800000h) and continue increasing in value
when the power or energy flow is positive - see Figure 36.
Conversely if the power is negative the energy register would
under flow to full scale positive (7FFFFFh) and continue
decreasing in value.
By using the Interrupt Enable register, the ADE7753 can be
configured to issue an interrupt (IRQ) when the Active
Energy register is half-full (positive or negative) or when an
over/under flow occurs.
Integration time under steady load
As mentioned in the last section, the discrete time sample
period (T) for the accumulation register is 1.1µs (4/CLKIN).
REV. PrF 10/02
–20–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the
WGAIN register set to 000h, the average word value from
each LPF2 is CCCCDh - see Figure 31. The maximum
positive value which can be stored in the internal 47-bit
register is 246 - 1 or 7FFF,FFFF,FFFFh before it overflows,
the integration time under these conditions with WDIV=0 is
calculated as follows:
Time =
3FFF , FFFF, FFFFh
× 1.12 µs = 187.5s = 3.12 min s
CCCCDh
When WDIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration
time varies as shown on Equation 8.
Time = TimeWDIV=0 x WDIV
(8)
POWER OFFSET CALIBRATION
The ADE7753 also incorporates an Active Power Offset
register (APOS[15:0]). This is a signed 2’s complement 16bit register which can be used to remove offsets in the active
power calculation—see Figure 33. An offset may exist in the
power calculation due to cross talk between channels on the
PCB or in the IC itself. The offset calibration will allow the
contents of the Active Power register to be maintained at zero
when no power is being consumed.
Two hundred fifty six LSBs (APOS=0100h) written to the
Active Power Offset register are equivalent to 1 LSB in the
Waveform Sample register. Assuming the average value
outputs from LPF2 is CCCCDh (838,861 in Decimal) when
inputs on Channels 1 and 2 are both at full-scale. At -60dB
down on Channel 1 (1/1000 of the Channel 1 full-scale
input), the average word value outputs from LPF2 is 838.861
(838,861/1,000). 1 LSB in the LPF2 output has a measurement error of 1/838.861 × 100% = 0.119% of the average
value. The Active Power Offset register has a resolution
equal to 1/256 LSB of the Waveform register, hence the
power offset correction resolution is 0.00047%/LSB (0.119%/
256) at -60dB.
ENERGY TO FREQUENCY CONVERSION
ADE7753 also provides energy to frequency conversion for
calibration purposes. After initial calibration at manufacturing, the manufacturer or end customer will often verify the
energy meter calibration. One convenient way to verify the
meter calibration is for the manufacturer to provide an output
frequency which is proportional to the energy or active power
under steady load conditions. This output frequency can
provide a simple, single wire, optically isolated interface to
external calibration equipment. Figure 37 illustrates the
Energy-to-Frequency conversion in the ADE7753.
11
Energy
CFNUM[11:0]
The output frequency will have a slight ripple at a frequency
equal to twice the line frequency. This is due to imperfect
filtering of the instantaneous power signal to generate the
Active Power signal – see Active Power Calculation. Equation 3
gives an expression for the instantaneous power signal. This
is filtered by LPF2 which has a magnitude response given by
Equation 9.
1+






VI
=
−
p(t ) VI 
 ⋅ cos(4π fl t )
2

 2fl  
 1 +  8.9  


(10)
where fl is the line frequency (e.g., 60Hz)
From Equation 6






VI
E (t ) = VIt − 
 ⋅ sin(4π fl t )
2

 2fl  
 4π fl 1 +  8.9  


CF
CFDEN[11:0]
f2
8 .9 2
(9)
The Active Power signal (output of LPF2) can be rewritten
as.
0
11
1
H (f ) =
0
DFC
23 AENERGY[23:0]
output pulse is generated when (CFDEN+1)/(CFNUM+1)
number of pulses are generated at the DFC output. Under
steady load conditions the output frequency is proportional to
the Active Power.
The maximum output frequency, with AC input signals at
full-scale and CFNUM=00h & CFDEN=00h, is approximately 23 kHz.
The ADE7753 incorporates two registers, CFNUM[11:0]
and CFDEN[11:0], to set the CF frequency. These are
unsigned 12-bit registers which can be used to adjust the CF
frequency to a wide range of values. These frequency scaling
registers are 12-bit registers which can scale the output
frequency by 1/212 to 1 with a step of 1/212.
If the value zero is written to any of these registers, the value
one would be applied to the register. The ratio (CFNUM+1)/
(CFDEN+1) should be smaller than one to assure proper
operation. If the ratio of the registers (CFNUM+1)/
(CFDEN+1) is greater than one, the register values would
be adjust to a ratio (CFNUM+1)/(CFDEN+1) of one.
For example if the output frequency is 1.562kHz while the
contents of CFDENare zero (000h), then the output frequency
can be set to 6.1Hz by writing FFh to the CFDEN register.
Note that for values where CFDEN>CFNUM, the
performance of the CF frequency is not guaranteed. CFNUM
should always be set to a value less than CFDEN.
0
(11)
Figure 37– ADE7753 Energy to Frequency Conversion
A Digital to Frequency Converter (DFC) is used to generate
the CF pulsed output. The DFC generates a pulse each time
one LSB in the Active Energy register is accumulated. An
REV. PrF 10/02
From Equation 11 it can be seen that there is a small ripple
in the energy calculation due to a sin(2ωt) component. This
is shown graphically in Figure 38. The Active Energy
calculation is shown by the dashed straight line and is equal
–21–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
to V x I x t. The sinusoidal ripple in the Active Energy
calculation is also shown. Since the average value of a
sinusoid is zero, this ripple will not contribute to the energy
calculation over time. However, the ripple can be observed
in the frequency output, especially at higher output frequencies. The ripple will get larger as a percentage of the
frequency at larger loads and higher output frequencies. The
reason is simply that at higher output frequencies the integration or averaging time in the Energy-to-Frequency conversion
process is shorter. As a consequence some of the sinusoidal
ripple is observable in the frequency output. Choosing a
lower output frequency at CF for calibration can significantly
reduce the ripple. Also averaging the output frequency by
using a longer gate time for the counter will achieve the same
results.
calibration is invalid and should be ignored. The result of all
subsequent line cycle accumulation is correct.
From Equations 6 and 10.




nT

 nT
VI
E (t ) = ∫ VI dt − 
 ⋅ ∫ cos(2π f t ) dt

 f 2  0
0
 1 +  8.9  


(12)
where n is a integer and T is the line cycle period. Since the
sinusoidal component is integrated over a integer number of
line cycles its value is always zero.
Therefore:
E = ∫ VIdt + 0
(13)
E(t) = VInT
(14)
nT
E(t)
0
VIt
+
Output from
LPF2
−
R
U
VI
sin(4. F. f . t )
S
V
f
f
F
4.
(1+
2.
/
8.9Hz)
.
T
W
Σ
46
0
23
ACCUMULATE ACTIVE
ENERGY IN INTERNAL
REGISTER AND UPDATE
THE LAENERGY REGISTER
AT THE END OF LINECYC
LINE-CYCLES
WDIV[7:0]
l
l
+
l
LPF1
FROM
CHANNEL 2
ADC
t
ZERO CROSS
DETECTION
0
LAENERGY[23:0]
CALIBRATION
CONTROL
Figure 38 – Output frequency ripple
LINECYC[14:0]
LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION MODE
In Line Cycle Energy Accumulation mode, the energy
accumulation of the ADE7753 can be synchronized to the
Channel 2 zero crossing so that active energy can be accumulated over an integral number of half line cycles. The
advantage of summing the active energy over an integer
number of half line cycles is that the sinusoidal component
in the active energy is reduced to zero. This eliminates any
ripple in the energy calculation. Energy is calculated more
accurately and in a shorter time because integration period
can be shortened. By using the line cycle energy accumulation mode, the energy calibration can be greatly simplified
and the time required to calibrate the meter can be significantly reduced. The ADE7753 is placed in line cycle energy
accumulation mode by setting bit 7 (CYCMODE) in the
Mode register. In Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode
the ADE7753 accumulates the active power signal in the
LAENERGY register (Address 04h) for an integral number
of line cycles, as shown in Figure 39. The number of half line
cycles is specified in the LINECYC register (Address 1Ch).
The ADE7753 can accumulate active power for up to 65,535
half line cycles. Because the active power is integrated on an
integral number of line cycles, at the end of a line cycle energy
accumulation cycle the CYCEND flag in the Interrupt Status
register is set (bit 2). If the CYCEND enable bit in the
Interrupt Enable register is enabled, the IRQ output will also
go active low. Thus the IRQ line can also be used to signal
the completion of the line cycle energy accumulation. Another calibration cycle will start as long as the CYCMODE
bit in the Mode register is set. Note that the result of the first
Figure 39 – Energy Calculation in Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode
Note that in this mode, the 16-bit LINECYC register can
hold a maximum value of 65,535. In other words, the line
energy accumulation mode can be used to accumulate active
energy for a maximum duration over 65,535 half line cycles.
At 60Hz line frequency, it translates to a total duration of
65,535 / 120Hz = 546 seconds.
POSITIVE ONLY ACCUMULATION MODE
In Positive Only Accumulation mode, the energy accumulation is done only for positive power, ignoring any occurrence
of negative power above or below the no load threshold as
shown in Figure 40. The ADE7753 is placed in positive only
–22–
Active Energy
No-load
threshold
Active Power
No-load
threshold
IRQ
PPOS
PNEG
PPOS
PNEG PPOS
PNEG
Interrupt Status Registers
Figure 40 – Energy Accumulation in Positive Only
Accumulation Mode
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
accumulation mode by setting the MSB of the MODE
register (MODE[15]). The default setting for this mode is
off. Transitions in the direction of power flow, going from
negative to positive or positive to negative, set the IRQ pin
to active low if the Interrupt Enable register is enabled. The
Interrupt Status Registers, PPOS and PNEG, show which
transition has occurred. See ADE7753 Register Descriptions.
Instantaneous Reactive
Power Signal - Rp(t)
90 DEGREE
PHASE SHIFT
Π
2
I
MULTIPLIER
+
+
Σ
REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
Reactive power is defined as the product of the voltage and
current waveforms when one of this signal is phase shifted by
90º. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous
reactive power signal. Equation 17 gives an expression for the
instantaneous reactive power signal in an ac system when the
phase of the current channel is shifted by +90º.
v (t ) = 2 V sin(ωt + θ )
i( t ) = 2 I sin( ωt )
i' ( t ) = 2 I sin( ωt +
(15)
π
2
)
(16)
Where θ is the phase difference between the voltage and
current channel, V = rms voltage and I = rms current.
Rp (t ) = v (t ) × i ' (t )
Rp (t ) = VI sin(θ ) + VI sin( 2ωt + θ )
(17)
The average power over an integral number of line cycles (n)
is given by the expression in Equation 18.
RP =
1
nT
nT
∫ Rp(t )dt = VI sin(θ )
(18)
23
ACCUMULATE ACTIVE
ENERGY IN INTERNAL
REGISTER AND UPDATE
THE LVARENERGY
REGISTER AT THE END OF
LINECYC LINE CYCLES
LPF1
FROM
CHANNEL 2
ADC
ZERO CROSS
DETECTION
0
LVARENERGY[23:0]
CALIBRATION
CONTROL
LINECYC[14:0]
Figure 41 - Reactive Power Signal Processing
The features of the Reactive Energy accumulation are the
same as the Line Active Energy accumulation. The number
of half line cycles is specified in the LINECYC register.
LINECYC is an unsigned 16-bit register. The ADE7754 can
accumulate Reactive Power for up to 65535 combined half
cycles. At the end of an energy calibration cycle the CYCEND
flag in the Interrupt Status register is set. If the CYCEND
mask bit in the Interrupt Mask register is enabled, the IRQ
output will also go active low. Thus the IRQ line can also be
used to signal the end of a calibration. The ADE7753
accumulates the Reactive Power signal in the LVARENERGY
register for an integer number of half cycles, as shown in
Figure 41.
The Reactive Energy accumulation in the ADE7753 not only
provides the reactive energy calculated using the phase shift
method, it is also useful to provide the sign of the reactive
power if it is desirable to use triangular method to calculate
reactive power. The ADE7753 also provides an accurate
measurement of the apparent power. The user can choose to
determine reactive energy through the mathematical relationship between apparent, active and reactive power. The
sign of the reactive energy can be found by reading the result
from the LVARENERGY register at the end of a reactive
energy accumulation cycle.
Re active Energy
0
= sign(Re active Energy) ×
where T is the line cycle period.
RP is referred to as the Reactive Power. Note that the reactive
power is equal to the DC component of the instantaneous
reactive power signal Rp(t) in Equation 17. This is the
relationship used to calculate reactive power in the ADE7753.
The instantaneous reactive power signal Rp(t) is generated by
multiplying the channel 1 and channel 2. In this case, the
phase of the channel 1 is shifted by +90º. The DC component
of the instantaneous reactive power signal is then extracted by
a low pass filter to obtain the reactive power information.
Figure 41 shows the signal processing in the Reactive Power
calculation in the ADE7753.
REV. PrF 10/02
0
V
NO LOAD THRESHOLD
The ADE7753 includes a "no load threshold" feature that will
eliminate any creep effects in the meter. The ADE7753
accomplishes this by not accumulating energy if the multiplier output is below the "no load threshold". This threshold
is 0.001% of the full-scale output frequency of the multiplier.
Compare this value to the IEC1036 specification which states
that the meter must start up with a load equal to or less than
0.4% Ib. This standard translates to .0167% of the full-scale
output frequency of the multiplier.
47
Apparent Energy2 − Active Energy2
APPARENT POWER CALCULATION
Apparent power is defined as the amplitude of the vector sum
of the Active and Reactive powers -see Figure 42. The angle
θ between the Active Power and the Apparent Power generally
represents the phase shift due to non-resistive loads. For
single phase applications, θ represents the angle between the
voltage and the current signals. Equation 20 gives an expression of the instantaneous power signal in an ac system with a
phase shift.
–23–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
writing 7FFh to the Apparent Power Gain register. This can
be used to calibrate the Apparent Power (or Energy) calculation in the ADE7753 -see Apparent Power calculation.
Apparent
Power
Reactive
Power
Apparent Power 100% FS
Apparent Power 150% FS
Apparent Power 50% FS
θ
Active
Power
103880h
AD055h
Figure 42 - Power triangle
5682Bh
v (t ) =
i (t ) =
2 Vrms sin(ωt )
00000h
2 Irms sin(ωt + θ )
(19)
(20)
The Apparent Power (AP) is defined as Vrms x Irms. This
expression is independent from the phase angle between the
current and the voltage.
Figure 43 illustrates graphically the signal processing in each
phase for the calculation of the Apparent Power in the
ADE7753.
Apparent Power
Signal - P
Current RMS Signal - i(t)
AD055h
1C82B3h
00h
MULTIPLIER
800h
Figure 44- Apparent Power Calculation Output range
Apparent Power Offset Calibration
Each RMS measurement includes an offset compensation
register to calibrate and eliminate the DC component in the
RMS value -see Channel 1 RMS calculation and Channel 2 RMS
calculation. The channel 1 and channel 2 RMS values are then
multiplied together in the Apparent Power signal processing.
As no additional offsets are created in the multiplication of
the RMS values, there is no specific offset compensation in
the Apparent Power signal processing. The offset compensation of the Apparent Power measurement is done by calibrating
each individual RMS measurements.
APPARENT ENERGY CALCULATION
VAGAIN
Vrms
7FFh
VAGAIN[11:0]
Apparent Power
Calibration Range
Voltage and Current channel inputs: 0.5V / GAIN
p(t ) = v (t ) × i (t )
p(t ) = Vrms I rms cos(θ ) − Vrms I rms cos( 2ωt + θ )
Irms
000h
The Apparent Energy is given as the integral of the Apparent
Power.
Voltage RMS Signal - v(t)
Apparent Energy = ∫ Apparent Power (t ) dt
17D338h
00h
Figure 43 - Apparent Power Signal Processing
The gain of the Apparent Energy can be adjusted by using the
multiplier and VA Gain register (VAGAIN[11:0]). The gain
is adjusted by writing a 2’s complement, 12-bit word to the
VAGAIN register. Below is the expression that shows how
the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the VA Gain
register.

 VAGAIN 
Output VAGAIN =  Apparent Power × 1 +


212 

For example when 7FFh is written to the VA Gain register
the Power output is scaled up by 50%. 7FFh = 2047d,
2047/212 = 0.5. Similarly, 800h = -2047 Dec (signed 2’s
Complement) and power output is scaled by –50%.
The Apparent Power is calculated with the Current and
Voltage RMS values obtained in the RMS blocks of the
ADE7753. Shown in Figure 44 is the maximum code
(Hexadecimal) output range of the Apparent Power signal.
Note that the output range changes depending on the contents
of the Apparent Power Gain registers. The minimum output
range is given when the Apparent Power Gain register
content is equal to 800h and the maximum range is given by
(21)
The ADE7753 achieves the integration of the Apparent
Power signal by continuously accumulating the Apparent
Power signal in an internal 48-bit register. The Apparent
Energy register (VAENERGY[23:0]) represents the upper
24 bits of this internal register. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous
time. Equation 23 below expresses the relationship
∞

Apparent Energy = Lim∑ Apparent Power (nT ) × T (22)
T →0  =

n 0
Where n is the discrete time sample number and T is the
sample period.
The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation
register in the ADE7753 is 1.1µs (4/CLKIN).
Figure 44 shows a graphical representation of this discrete
time integration or accumulation. The Apparent Power
signal is continuously added to the internal register. This
addition is a signed addition even if the Apparent Energy
remains theoretically always positive.
–24–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Integration times under steady load
VAENERGY[23:0]
23
0
47
0
VADIV
APPARENT POWER
46
T
+
0
Σ
+
Apparent Power
Signal - P
T
APPARENT POWER ARE
ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN
THE APPARENT ENERGY REGISTER
As mentioned in the last section, the discrete time sample
period (T) for the accumulation register is 1.1µs (4/CLKIN).
With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the
VAGAIN register set to 000h, the average word value from
Apparent Power stage is AD055h - see Apparent Power output
range. The maximum value which can be stored in the
Apparent Energy register before it over-flows is 2 24 or
FF,FFFFh. As the average word value is added to the
internal register which can store 248 - 1 or 7FFF,FFFF,FFFFh
before it overflows, the integration time under these conditions with VADIV=0 is calculated as follows:
AD055h
Time =
00000h
time (nT)
7FFF, FFFF,FFFFh
× 1.2µs = 888s = 14.8min
AD055h
When VADIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration time varies as shown on Equation 23.
Figure 45- ADE7753 Apparent Energy calculation
The upper 52-bit of the internal register are divided by
VADIV. If the value in the VADIV register is equal to 0 then
the internal active Energy register is divided by 1. VADIV is
an 8-bit unsigned register. The upper 24-bit are then written
in the 24-bit Apparent Energy register (VAENERGY[23:0]).
RVAENERGY register (24 bits long) is provided to read the
Apparent Energy. This register is reset to zero after a read
operation.
Figure 45 shows this Apparent Energy accumulation for full
scale signals (sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. The three
curves displayed, illustrate the minimum time it takes the
energy register to roll-over when the VA Gain registers
content is equal to 7FFh, 000h and 800h. The VA Gain
register is used to carry out an apparent power calibration in
the ADE7753. As shown, the fastest integration time will
occur when the VA Gain register is set to maximum full scale,
i.e., 7FFh.
VAENERGY[23:0]
FF,FFFFh
VAGAIN = 7FFh
VAGAIN = 000h
VAGAIN = 800h
80,0000h
Time = TimeWDIV=0 x VADIV
LINE APPARENT ENERGY ACCUMULATION
The ADE7753 is designed with a special Apparent Energy
accumulation mode which simplifies the calibration process.
By using the on-chip zero-crossing detection, the ADE7753
accumulates the Apparent Power signal in the LVAENERGY
register for an integral number of half cycles, as shown in
Figure 47. The line Apparent energy accumulation mode is
always active.
The number of half line cycles is specified in the LINCYC
register. LINCYC is an unsigned 16-bit register. The
ADE7753 can accumulate Apparent Power for up to 65535
combined half cycles. Because the Apparent Power is integrated on the same integral number of line cycles as the Line
Active Energy register, these two values can be compared
easily. The active and apparent Energy are calculated more
accurately because of this precise timing control and provide
all the information needed for Reactive Power and Power
Factor calculation. At the end of an energy calibration cycle
the CYCEND flag in the Interrupt Status register is set. If the
CYCEND mask bit in the Interrupt Mask register is enabled,
the IRQ output will also go active low. Thus the IRQ line can
also be used to signal the end of a calibration.
The Line Apparent Energy accumulation uses the same
signal path as the Apparent Energy accumulation. The LSB
size of these two registers is equivalent.
40,0000h
+
20,0000h
00,0000h
(23)
+
Apparent Power
4.9
7.4
11.1
14.8
Time
(minutes)
Figure 46- Energy register roll-over time for full-scale
power (Minimum & Maximum Power Gain)
Σ
0
46
LVAENERGY REGISTER IS
UPDATED EVERY LINECYC
ZERO-CROSSINGS WITH THE
TOTAL APPARENT ENERGY
DURING THAT DURATION
VADIV[7:0]
LPF1
FROM
CHANNEL 2
ADC
Note that the Apparent Energy register contents roll-over to
full-scale negative (80,0000h) and continue increasing in
value when the power or energy flow is positive - see Figure
46.
By using the Interrupt Enable register, the ADE7754 can be
configured to issue an interrupt (IRQ) when the Apparent
Energy register is half full (positive or negative) or when an
over/under flow occurs.
–25–
REV. PrF 10/02
ZERO
CROSSING
DETECTION
CALIBRATION
CONTROL
23
0
LVAENERGY[23:0]
LINECYC[15:0]
Figure 47 - ADE7753 Apparent Energy Calibration
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
CALIBRATING THE ENERGY METER
When calibrating the ADE7753, the first step is to calibrate
the frequency on CF to some required meter constant, e.g.,
3200 imp/kWh.
A convenient way to to determine the output frequency on CF
is to use the line cycle energy accumulation mode. As shown
in Figure 37, DFC generates a pulse each time a LSB in the
LAENERGY register is accumulated. CF frequency (before
the CF frequency divider) can be conveniently determined by
the following expression:
Content of LAENERGY[23 : 0] Register
Elasped Time
CF Frequency =
When the CYCMODE (bit 7) bit in the Mode register is set
to a logic one, energy is accumulated over an integer number
of half line cycles. If the line frequency is fixed and the
number of half cycles of integration is specified, the total
elasped time can be calculated by the following:
Elasped Time =
1
× number of half cycles
2 × fl
For example, at 60Hz line frequency, the elasped time for
255 half cycles will be 2.125 seconds. Rewriting the above in
terms of contents of various ADE7753 registers and line
frequencies (fl):
CF Frequency =
LAENERGY[2 3 : 0] × 2 × fl
LINECYC[15 : 0]
(24)
where fl is the line frequency.
Alternatively, CF frequency can be calculated based on the
average LPF2 output.
CF Frequency=
Average LPF2 Output × CLKIN
2 27
(25)
Calibrating the Frequency at CF
When the frequency before frequency division is known, the
pair of CF Frequency Divider registers (CFNUM and
CFDEN) can be adjusted to produce the required frequency
on CF. In this example a meter constant of 3200 imp/kWh
is chosen as an appropriate constant. This means that under
a steady load of 1kW, the output frequency on CF would be,
2971.4 × 2 × 60
= 1398.3Hz
255
Alternatively, the average value from LPF2 under this condition is approximately 1/16 of the full-scale level. As
described previously, the average LPF2 output at full-scale
ac input is CCCCD (hex) or 838,861 (decimal). At 1/16 of
full-scale, the LPF2 output is then 52,428.81. Then using
Digital to Frequency Conversion, the frequency under this
load is calculated as:
Frequency (CF) =
Frequency(CF) =
52428.81× 3.579545MHz
= 1398.3Hz
2 27
This is the frequency with the contents of the CFNUM and
CFDEN registers equal to 000h. The desired frequency out
is 3.9111Hz. Therefore, the CF frequency must be divided
by 2797/3.9111Hz or 357.5 decimal. This is achieved by
loading the pair of CF Divider registers with the closest
rational number. In this case, the closest rational number is
found to be 1/358 (or 1h/166h). Therefore, 0h and 165h
should be written to the CFNUM and CFDEN registers
respectively. Note that the CF frequency is multiplied by the
contents of (CFNUM + 1) / (CFDEN + 1). With the CF
Divide registers contents equal to 1h/166h, the output
frequency is given as 2797Hz / 358 = 3.905Hz. This setting
has an error of -0.1%.
Calibrating CF is made easy by using the Calibration mode
on the ADE7753. The critical part of this approach is that the
line frequency needs to be exactly known. If this is not
possible, the frequency can be measured by using the PERIOD register of the ADE7753.
Note that changing WGAIN[11:0] register will also affect
the output frequency from CF. The WGAIN register has a
gain adjustment of 0.0244% / LSB.
Determine the kWHr/LSB Calibration Coefficient
The Active Energy register (AENERGY) can be used to
calculate energy. A full description of this register can be
found in the Energy Calculation section. The AENERGY register gives the user both sign and magnitude information
regarding energy consumption. On completion of the CF
frequency output calibration, i.e., after adjusting the CF
Frequency divider and the Watt Gain (WGAIN) register, the
second stage of the calibration is to determine the kWh/LSB
coefficient for the AENERGY register. Equation 26 below
shows how LAENERGY can be used to calculate the calibration coefficient.
3200 imp / kWh 3200
=
= 0.8888 Hz
60 min × 60 sec 3600
Assuming the meter is set up with a test current (basic
kWHr/LSB =
current) of 20A and a line voltage of 220V for calibration, the
Calibration Power (in kW)
LINECYC[15 : 0]
load is calculated as 220V × 20A = 4.4kW. Therefore the
(26)
×
expected output frequency on CF under this steady load
3600 seconds/Hr
LAENERGY[23 : 0] × 2 × fl
condition would be 4.4 × 0.8888Hz = 3.9111Hz.
Once the coefficient is determined, the MCU can compute
Under these load conditions the transducers on Channel 1
the energy consumption at any time by reading the AENERGY
and Channel 2 should be selected such that the signal on the
contents and multiplying by the coefficient to calculate kWh.
voltage channel should see approximately half scale and the
In the above example, at 4.4kW, after 255 half cycles (at
signal on the current channel about 1/8 of full scale (assuming
60Hz), the resulting LAENERGY is approximately 2971
a maximum current of 80A). Assuming at line frequency of
decimal. The kWHr/LSB can therefore be calculated to be
60Hz, energy is accumulated over FFh number of half line
8.74×10-7 kWHr/LSB using the above equation.
cycles, the resulting content of the LAENERGY register will
be approximately 2971.4 (decimal). CF frequency is therefore calculated to be:
REV. PrF 10/02
–26–
Frequency (CF ) =
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
CLKIN FREQUENCY
CHECKSUM REGISTER
In this datasheet, the characteristics of the ADE7753 is shown
with CLKIN frequency equals 3.579545 MHz. However, the
ADE7753 is designed to have the same accuracy at any
CLKIN frequency within the specified range. If the CLKIN
frequency is not 3.579545MHz, various timing and filter
characteristics will need to be redefined with the new CLKIN
frequency. For example, the cut-off frequencies of all digital
filters (LPF1, LPF2, HPF1, etc.) will shift in proportion to
the change in CLKIN frequency according to the following
equation:
The ADE7753 has a Checksum register (CHECKSUM[5:0])
to ensure the data bits received in the last serial read operation
are not corrupted. The 6-bit Checksum register is reset
before the first bit (MSB of the register to be read) is put on
the DOUT pin. During a serial read operation, when each
data bit becomes available on the rising edge of SCLK, the
bit will be added to the Checksum register. In the end of the
serial read operation, the content of the Checksum register
will equal to the sum of all ones in the register previously
read. Using the Checksum register, the user can determine
if an error has occured during the last read operation.
Note that a read to the Checksum register will also generate
a checksum of the Checksum register itself.
New Frequency = Original Frequency ×
CLKIN Frequency
(27)
3.579545 MHz
The change of CLKIN frequency does not affect the timing
characteristics of the serial interface because the data transfer
is synchronized with serial clock signal (SCLK). But one
needs to observe the read/write timing of the serial data
transfer-see ADE7753 Timing Characteristics. Table III lists
various timing changes that are affected by CLKIN frequency.
DOUT
Table III
Frequency dependencies of the ADE7753 parameters
Parameter
CLKIN dependency
Nyquist frequency for CH 1&2 ADCs
CLKIN/8
PHCAL resolution (seconds per LSB)
4/CLKIN
Active Energy register update rate (Hz)
CLKIN/4
Waveform sampling rate (Number of samples per second)
WAVSEL 1,0 =
0
0
CLKIN/128
0
1
CLKIN/256
1
0
CLKIN/512
1
1
CLKIN/1024
Maximum ZXTOUT period
524,288/CLKIN
SUSPENDING THE ADE7753 FUNCTIONALITY
The analog and the digital circuit can be suspended separately. The analog portion of the ADE7753 can be suspended
by setting the ASUSPEND bit (bit 4) of the Mode register
See Mode Register. In suspend mode, all
to logic high
waveform samples from the ADCs will be set to zeros. The
digital circuitry can be halted by stopping the CLKIN input
and maintaining a logic high or low on CLKIN pin. The
ADE7753 can be reactivated by restoring the CLKIN input
and setting the ASUSPEND bit to logic low.
REV. PrF 10/02
–27–
CONTENT OF REGISTER (n-bytes)
+
Σ
CHECKSUM REGISTER
ADDR: 3Eh
+
Figure 48– Checksum register for Serial Interface Read
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
ADE7753 SERIAL INTERFACE
All ADE7753 functionality is accessible via several on-chip
registers – see Figure 49. The contents of these registers can
be updated or read using the on-chip serial interface. After
power-on or toggling the RESET pin low or a falling edge
on CS, the ADE7753 is placed in communications mode. In
communications mode the ADE7753 expects a write to its
Communications register. The data written to the communications register determines whether the next data transfer
operation will be read or a write and also which register is
accessed. Therefore all data transfer operations with the
ADE7753, whether a read or a write, must begin with a write
to the Communications register.
DIN
DOUT
REGISTER # 1
IN
OUT
REGISTER # 2
IN
OUT
REGISTER # 3
IN
OUT
REGISTER # n-1
IN
OUT
REGISTER # n
IN
OUT
REGISTER ADDRESS
DECODE
COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER
Figure 49– Addressing ADE7753 Registers via the
Communications Register
The Communications register is an eight bit wide register.
The MSB determines whether the next data transfer operation is a read or a write. The 5 LSBs contain the address of
the register to be accessed. See ADE7753 Communications Register
for a more detailed description.
Figure 50 and 51 show the data transfer sequences for a read
and write operation respectively.
On completion of a data transfer (read or write) the ADE7753
once again enters communications mode.
CS
SCLK
DIN
COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITE
0 0 0 ADDRESS
MULTIBYTE READ DATA
DOUT
Figure 50– Reading data from the ADE7753 via the serial
interface
CS
SCLK
COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITE
DIN
1 0 0
ADDRESS
MULTIBYTE WRITE DATA
The Serial Interface of the ADE7753 is made up of four
signals SCLK, DIN, DOUT and CS. The serial clock for a
data transfer is applied at the SCLK logic input. This logic
input has a schmitt-trigger input structure, which allows slow
rising (and falling) clock edges to be used. All data transfer
operations are synchronized to the serial clock. Data is
shifted into the ADE7753 at the DIN logic input on the
falling edge of SCLK. Data is shifted out of the ADE7753 at
the DOUT logic output on a rising edge of SCLK. The CS
logic input is the chip select input. This input is used when
multiple devices share the serial bus. A falling edge on CS
also resets the serial interface and places the ADE7753 in
communications mode. The CS input should be driven low
for the entire data transfer operation. Bringing CS high
during a data transfer operation will abort the transfer and
place the serial bus in a high impedance state. The CS logic
input may be tied low if the ADE7753 is the only device on
the serial bus. However with CS tied low, all initiated data
transfer operations must be fully completed, i.e., the LSB of
each register must be transferred as there is no other way of
bringing the ADE7753 back into communications mode
without resetting the entire device, i.e., using RESET.
ADE7753 Serial Write Operation
The serial write sequence takes place as follows. With the
ADE7753 in communications mode (i.e. the CS input logic
low), a write to the communications register first takes place.
The MSB of this byte transfer is a 1, indicating that the data
transfer operation is a write. The LSBs of this byte contain
the address of the register to be written to. The ADE7753
starts shifting in the register data on the next falling edge of
SCLK. All remaining bits of register data are shifted in on the
falling edge of subsequent SCLK pulses – see Figure 51.
As explained earlier the data write is initiated by a write to the
communications register followed by the data. During a data
write operation to the ADE7753, data is transferred to all onchip registers one byte at a time. After a byte is transferred
into the serial port, there is a finite time before it is transferred
to one of the ADE7753 on-chip registers. Although another
byte transfer to the serial port can start while the previous byte
is being transferred to an on-chip register, this second byte
transfer should not finish until at least 4µs after the end of the
previous byte transfer. This functionality is expressed in the
timing specification t6 - see Figure 51. If a write operation is
aborted during a byte transfer (CS brought high), then that
byte will not be written to the destination register.
Destination registers may be up to 3 bytes wide – see ADE7753
Register Descriptions. Hence the first byte shifted into the serial
port at DIN is transferred to the MSB (Most significant Byte)
of the destination register. If the addressed register is 12 bits
wide, for example, a two-byte data transfer must take place.
The data is always assumed to be right justified, therefore in
this case, the four MSBs of the first byte would be ignored and
the 4 LSBs of the first byte written to the ADE7753 would be
the 4MSBs of the 12-bit word. Figure 52 illustrates this
example.
Figure 51– Writing data to the ADE7753 via the serial interface
A data transfer is complete when the LSB of the ADE7753
register being addressed (for a write or a read) is transferred
to or from the ADE7753.
–28–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
t8
CS
t1
t6
t2 t3
t7
t7
SCLK
t4
DIN
1
0
0
t5
A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
DB0
DB7
DB7
Least Significant Byte
Most Significant Byte
Command Byte
DB0
Figure 52 – Serial Interface Write Timing Diagram
SCLK
DIN
X
X
X
X
DB11 DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
Most Significant Byte
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
Least Significant Byte
Figure 53—12 bit Serial Write Operation
ADE7753 Serial Read Operation
During a data read operation from the ADE7753 data is
shifted out at the DOUT logic output on the rising edge of
SCLK. As was the case with the data write operation, a data
read must be preceded with a write to the Communications
register.
With the ADE7753 in communications mode (i.e. CS logic
low) an eight bit write to the Communications register first
takes place. The MSB of this byte transfer is a 0, indicating
that the next data transfer operation is a read. The LSBs of
this byte contain the address of the register which is to be
read. The ADE7753 starts shifting out of the register data on
the next rising edge of SCLK – see Figure 54. At this point
the DOUT logic output leaves its high impedance state and
starts driving the data bus. All remaining bits of register data
are shifted out on subsequent SCLK rising edges. The serial
interface also enters communications mode again as soon as
the read has been completed. At this point the DOUT logic
output enters a high impedance state on the falling edge of the
last SCLK pulse. The read operation may be aborted by
bringing the CS logic input high before the data transfer is
complete. The DOUT output enters a high impedance state
on the rising edge of CS.
When an ADE7753 register is addressed for a read operation,
the entire contents of that register are transferred to the serial
port. This allows the ADE7753 to modify its on-chip
registers without the risk of corrupting data during a multi
byte transfer.
Note when a read operation follows a write operation, the
read command (i.e., write to communications register)
should not happen for at least 4µs after the end of the write
operation. If the read command is sent within 4µs of the write
operation, the last byte of the write operation may be lost.
The is given as timing specification t9.
CS
t1
t9
t13
t10
SCLK
DIN
0
0
0
A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
DOUT
DB7
DB0
Most Significant Byte
Command Byte
Figure 54– Serial Interface Read Timing Diagram
REV. PrF 10/02
–29–
t12
t11
t11
DB7
DB0
Least Significant Byte
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Address Name
R/W
# of Bits
ADE7753 REGISTER LIST
Default Description
01h
WAVEFORM R
24 bits
0h
The Waveform register is a read-only register. This register
contains the sampled waveform data from either Channel 1,
Channel 2 or the Active Power signal. The data source and the
length of the waveform registers are selected by data bits 14 and
13 in the Mode Register - see Channel 1 & 2 Sampling.
02h
AENERGY
R
24 bits
0h
The Active Energy register. Active Power is accumulated
(Integrated) over time in this 24-bit, read-only register. The
energy register can hold a minimum of 6 seconds of Active
Energy information with full scale analog inputs before it
overflows - see Energy Calculation.
03h
RAENERGY
R
24 bits
0h
Same as the Active Energy register except that the register is
reset to zero following a read operation
04h
LAENERGY
R
24 bits
0h
Line Accumulation Active Energy register. The instantaneous
active power is accumulated in this read-only register over the
LINCYC number of half line cycles.
05h
VAENERGY
R
24 bits
0h
Apparent Energy register. Apparent power is accumulated over
time in this read-only register.
06h
RVAENERGY R
24 bits
0h
Same as the VAENERGY register except that the register is reset
to zero following a read operation.
07h
LVAENERGY R
24 bits
0h
Apparent Energy register. The instantaneous real power is
accumulated in this read-only register over the LINECYC
number of half line cycles
08h
LVARENERGY R
24 bits
0h
Reactive Energy register. The instantaneous reactive power is
accumulated in this read-only register over the LINECYC
number of half line cycles.
09h
MODE
R/W 16 bits
000Ch
The Mode register. This is a 16-bit register through which most
of the ADE7753 functionality is accessed. Signal sample rates,
filter enabling and calibration modes are selected by writing to
this register. The contents may be read at any time—see Mode
Register.
0Ah
IRQEN
R/W 16 bits
40h
Interrupt Enable register. ADE7753 interrupts may be
deactivated at any time by setting the corresponding bit in this 8bit Enable register to logic zero. The Status register will
continue to register an interrupt event even if disabled. However,
the IRQ output will not be activated—see ADE7753 Interrupts.
0Bh
STATUS
R
16 bits
0h
The Interrupt Status register. This is an 8-bit read-only register.
The Status Register contains information regarding the source of
ADE7753 interrupts - see ADE7753 Interrupts.
0Ch
RSTSTATUS R
16 bits
0h
Same as the Interrupt Status register except that the register
contents are reset to zero (all flags cleared) after a read
operation.
0Dh
CH1OS
R/W 8 bits
00h
Channel 1 Offset Adjust. Bit 6 is not used. Writing to bits 0 to 5
allows offsets on Channel 1 to be removed – see Analog Inputs
and CH1OS Register. Writing a logic one to the MSB of this
register enables the digital integrator on Channel 1, a zero
disables the integrator. The default value of this bit is zero.
0Eh
CH2OS
R/W 8 bits
0h
Channel 2 Offset Adjust. Bit 6 and 7 not used. Writing to bits 0
to 5 of this register allows any offsets on Channel 2 to be
removed - see Analog Inputs.
0Fh
GAIN
R/W 8 bits
0h
PGA Gain Adjust. This 8-bit register is used to adjust the gain
selection for the PGA in Channel 1 and 2 - see Analog Inputs.
–30–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Address Name
R/W
# of Bits
Default
Description
10h
PHCAL
R/W 6 bits
0Dh
Phase Calibration register. The phase relationship between
Channel 1 and 2 can be adjusted by writing to this 6-bit register.
The valid content of this 2's compliment register is between 1Dh
to 21h. At line frequency of 60Hz, this is a range from -2.06 to
+0.7 degrees. —see Phase Compensation.
11h
APOS
R/W 16 bits
0h
Active Power Offset Correction. This 16-bit register allows small
offsets in the Active Power Calculation to be removed – see
Active Power Calculation.
12h
WGAIN
R/W 12 bits
0h
Power Gain Adjust. This is a 12-bit register. The Active Power
calculation can be calibrated by writing to this register. The
calibration range is ±50% of the nominal full scale active power.
The resolution of the gain adjust is 0.0244% / LSB—see Channel
1 ADC Gain Adjust.
13h
WDIV
R/W 8 bits
0h
Active Energy divider register. The internal active energy register
is divided by the value of this register before being stored in the
AENERGY register.
14h
CFNUM
R/W 12 bits
3Fh
CF Frequency Divider Numerator register. The output frequency
on the CF pin is adjusted by writing to this 12-bit read/write
register – see Energy to Frequency Conversion.
15h
CFDEN
R/W 12 bits
3Fh
CF Frequency Divider Denominator register. The output
frequency on the CF pin is adjusted by writing to this 12-bit
read/write register – see Energy to Frequency Conversion.
16h
IRMS
R
24 bits
0h
Channel 1 RMS value (current channel).
17h
VRMS
R
24 bits
0h
Channel 2 RMS value (voltage channel).
18h
IRMSOS
R/W 12 bits
0h
Channel 1 RMS offset correction register
19h
VRMSOS
R/W 12 bits
0h
Channel 2 RMS offset correction register
1Ah
VAGAIN
R/W 12 bits
0h
Apparent Gain register. Apparent power calculation can be
calibrated by writing this register. The calibration range is 50%
of the nominal full scale real power. The resolution of the gain
adjust is 0.02444% / LSB.
1Bh
VADIV
R/W 8 bits
0h
Apparent Energy divider register. The internal apparent energy
register is divided by the value of this register before being stored
in the VAENERGY register.
1Ch
LINECYC
R/W 15 bits
FFFh
Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode Line-Cycle register.
This 15-bit register is used during line cycle energy
accumulation mode to set the number of half line cycles for
energy accumulation - see Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode.
1Dh
ZXTOUT
R/W 12 bits
FFFh
Zero-cross Time Out. If no zero crossings are detected on
Channel 2 within a time period specified by this 12-bit register,
the interrupt request line (IRQ) will be activated. The maximum
time-out period is 0.15 second - see Zero Crossing Detection.
1Eh
SAGCYC
R/W 8 bits
FFh
Sag line Cycle register. This 8-bit register specifies the number
of consecutive line cycles the signal on Channel 2 must be below
SAGLVL before the SAG output is activated - see Voltage Sag
Detection
1Fh
SAGLVL
R/W 8 bits
0h
Sag Voltage Level. An 8-bit write to this register determines at
what peak signal level on Channel 2 the SAG pin will become
active. The signal must remain low for the number of cycles
specified in the SAGCYC register before the SAG pin is
activated—see Line Voltage Sag Detection.
20h
IPKLVL
R/W 8 bits
FFh
Channel 1 Peak Level threshold (current channel). This register
sets the level of the current peak detection. If the channel 1 input
exceeds this level, the PKI flag in the status register is set.
REV. PrF 10/02
–31–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Address Name
R/W
# of Bits
Default
Description
21h
VPKLVL
R/W 8 bits
FFh
Channel 2 Peak Level threshold (voltage channel). This register
sets the level of the voltage peak detection. If the channel 2 input
exceeds this level, the PKV flag in the status register is set.
22h
IPEAK
R
24 bits
0h
Channel 1 peak register. The maximum input value of the
Current channel since the last read of the register is stored in this
register.
23h
RSTIPEAK
R
24 bits
0h
Same as Channel 1 peak register except that the register contents
are reset to 0 after read.
24h
VPEAK
R
24 bits
0h
Channel 2 peak register. The maximum input value of the
Voltage channel since the last read of the register is stored in this
register.
25h
RSTVPEAK
R
24 bits
0h
Same as Channel 2 peak register except that the register contents
are reset to 0 after a read.
26h
TEMP
R
8 bits
0h
Temperature register. This is an 8-bit register which contains the
result of the latest temperature conversion – see Temperature
Measurement.
27h
PERIOD
R
15 bits
0h
Period of the channel 2 (volatge channel) input estimated by
Zero-crossing processing.
3Dh
TMODE
R/W 8 bits
-
Test mode register
3Eh
CHKSUM
R
6 bits
0h
Checksum Register. This 6-bit read only register is equal to the
sum of all the ones in the previous read – see ADE7753 Serial Read
Operation.
3Fh
DIEREV
R
8 bits
-
Die Revision Register. This 8-bit read only register contains the
revision number of the silicon.
28h3Ch
Reserved
ADE7753 REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
All ADE7753 functionality is accessed via the on-chip registers. Each register is accessed by first writing to the
communications register and then transferring the register data. A full description of the serial interface protocol is given in
the Serial Interface section of this data sheet.
Communications Register
The Communications register is an 8-bit, write-only register which controls the serial data transfer between the ADE7753
and the host processor. All data transfer operations must begin with a write to the communications register. The data written
to the communications register determines whether the next operation is a read or a write and which register is being accessed.
Table IV below outlines the bit designations for the Communications register.
Table V. Communications Register
Bit
Location
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
W/R
0
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
Bit
Mnemonic
Description
0 to 5
A0 to A5
The six LSBs of the Communications register specify the register for the data transfer
operation. Table III lists the address of each ADE7753 on-chip register.
6
RESERVED
This bit is unused and should be set to zero.
7
W/ R
When this bit is a logic one the data transfer operation immediately following the write to
the Communications register will be interpreted as a write to the ADE7753. When this bit
is a logic zero the data transfer operation immediately following the write to the
Communications register will be interpreted as a read operation.
–32–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Mode Register (09H)
The ADE7753 functionality is configured by writing to the MODE register. Table VI below summarizes the functionality
of each bit in the MODE register .
Table VI : Mode Register
Bit
Location
Bit
Mnemonic
Default
Value Description
0
DISHPF
0
The HPF (High Pass Filter) in Channel 1 is disabled when this bit is set.
1
DISLPF2
0
The LPF (Low Pass Filter) after the multiplier (LPF2) is disabled when this bit is set.
2
DISCF
1
The Frequency output CF is disabled when this bit is set
3
DISSAG
1
The line voltage Sag detection is disabled when this bit is set
4
ASUSPEND 0
By setting this bit to logic one, both ADE7753's A/D converters can be turned off. In
normal operation, this bit should be left at logic zero. All digital functionality can be
stopped by suspending the clock signal at CLKIN pin.
5
TEMPSEL
0
The Temperature conversion starts when this bit is set to one. This bit is automatically
reset to zero when the Temperature conversion is finished.
6
SWRST
0
Software chip reset. A data transfer should not take place to the ADE7753 for at least 18µs
after a software reset.
7
CYCMODE 0
Setting this bit to a logic one places the chip in line cycle energy accumulation mode.
8
DISCH1
0
ADC 1 (Channel 1) inputs are internally shorted together.
9
DISCH2
0
ADC 2 (Channel 2) inputs are internally shorted together.
10
SWAP
0
By setting this bit to logic 1 the analog inputs V2P and V2N are connected to ADC 1 and
the analog inputs V1P and V1N are connected to ADC 2.
12, 11
DTRT1,0
00
These bits are used to select the Waveform Register update rate
14, 13
15
WAVSEL1,0 00
POAM
0
DTRT 1
DTRT0
Update Rate
0
0
27.9kSPS (CLKIN/128)
0
1
14kSPS (CLKIN/256)
1
0
7kSPS (CLKIN/512)
1
1
3.5kSPS (CLKIN/1024)
These bits are used to select the source of the sampled data for the Waveform Register
WAVSEL1,0
Length Source
0
0
24 bits Active Power signal (output of LPF2)
0
1
Reserved
1
0
24 bits Channel 1
1
1
24 bits Channel 2
Writing a logic one to this bit will allow only positive power to be accumulated in the
ADE7753. The default value of this bit is 0.
MODE REGISTER*
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
POAM
(Positive Only Accumulation)
DISHPF
(Disable HPF in Channel 1)
DISLPF2
(Disable LPF2 after multiplier)
WAVSEL
(Wave form selection for sample mode)
00 = LPF2
01= Reserved
10 = CH1
11 = CH2
DISCF
(Disable Frequency output CF)
DISSAG
(Disable SAG output)
DTRT
(Waveform samples output data rate)
00 = 27.9kSPS (CLKIN/128)
01 = 14.4 kSPS (CLKIN/256)
10 = 7.2 kSPS (CLKIN/512)
11 = 3.6 kSPS (CLKIN/1024)
ASUSPEND
(Suspend CH1&CH2 ADC’s)
STEMP
(Start temperature sensing)
SWRST
(Software chip reset)
SWAP
(Swap CH1 & CH2 ADCs)
CYCMODE
(Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode)
DISCH2
(Short the analog inputs on Channel 2)
DISCH1
(Short the analog inputs on Channel 1)
*Register contents show power on defaults
REV. PrF 10/02
ADDR: 09H
–33–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
Interrupt Status Register (0BH) / Reset Interrupt Status Register (0CH) /Interrupt Enable Register (0Ah)
The Status Register is used by the MCU to determine the source of an interrupt request (IRQ). When an interrupt event occurs
in the ADE7753, the corresponding flag in the Interrupt Status register is set logic high. If the enable bit for this flag is logic
one in the Interrupt Enable register, the IRQ logic output goes active low. When the MCU services the interrupt it must first
carry out a read from the Interrupt Status Register to determine the source of the interrupt.
Table VII:
Interrupt Status Register, Reset Interrupt Status Register & Interrupt Enable Register
Bit
Location
Interrupt
Flag
0h
AEHF
Indicates that an interrupt was caused by the 0 to 1 transition of the MSB of the Active
Energy register (i.e. the AENERGY register is half full)
1h
SAG
Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a SAG on the line voltage or no zero crossings were
detected.
2h
CYCEND
Indicates the end of energy accumulation over an integer number of half line cycles as
defined by the content of the LINECYC Register—see Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode
3h
WSMP
Indicates that new data is present in the Waveform Register.
4h
ZX
This status bit reflects the status of the ZX logic ouput—see Zero Crossing Detection
5h
TEMP
Indicates that a temperature conversion result is available in the Temperature Register.
6h
RESET
Indicates the end of a reset (for both software or hardware reset). The corresponding
enable bit has no function in the Interrupt Enable Register, i.e. this status bit is set at
the end of a reset, but it cannot be enabled to cause an interrupt.
7h
AEOF
Indicates that the Active Energy register has overflowed.
8h
PKV
Indicates that waveform sample from Channel2 has exceeded the VPKLVL value.
9h
PKI
Indicates that waveform sample from Channel1 has exceeded the IPKLVL value.
Ah
VAEHF
Indicates that an interrupt was caused by the 0 to 1 transition of the MSB of the Apparent
Energy register (i.e. the VAENERGY register is half full)
Bh
VAEOF
Indicates that the Apparent Enrgy register has overflowed.
Ch
ZXTO
Dh
Eh
Fh
PPOS
PNEG
RESERVED
Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a missing zero crossing on the line voltage for the
specified number of line cycles—see Zero Crossing Time Out
Indicates that the power has gone from negative to positive.
Indicates that the power has gone from positive to negative.
Reserved
Description
–34–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm)
20-Shrink Small Outline Package
(RS-20)
0.295 (7.50)
11
1
10
0.078 (1.98) PIN 1
0.068 (1.73)
0.008 (0.203)
0.002 (0.050)
REV. PrF 10/02
0.0256
(0.65)
BSC
0.205 (5.21)
20
0.212 (5.38)
0.311 (7.9)
0.301 (7.64)
0.271 (6.90)
0.07 (1.78)
0.066 (1.67)
SEATING 0.009 (0.229)
PLANE 0.005 (0.127)
–35–
8°
0°
0.037 (0.94)
0.022 (0.559)
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
ADE7753 ERRATA (REV 1.0)
The following is a list of known issues with the first revision
of the ADE7753 silicon (rev 1.0). These issues will be
resolved in the next version. Samples of this version of the
silicon can be identified from the content of the DIEREV
regsiter (Address 3Fh). The content of DIEREV register is
2 for Rev 1.2 silicon. In addition, the branding on top of the
package for Rev 1.2 should be as shown below:
20
11
AD7753
XRS
0240
K58207
1
10
ERRATA
1. SAGCYC
The contents of SAGCYC register is equivalent to
(SAGCYC-1). For example, if the desired number of
linecycles for SAG detection is 20d line cycles, one should
write 21d to the SAGCYC Register. This is not a silicon
bug.
2. CFNUM and CFDEN
CFNUM should always be less than CFDEN. The behavior of the output frequency is not guaranteed for CF. This
is not a silicon bug.
–36–
REV. PrF 10/02
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADE7753
REVISION HISTORY
The main reason for revising the datasheet from version Pr.D
to Pr.F is to correct some of the mistakes contained in the
Pr.D and Pr.E version. In addition, changes were made to the
silicon to fix bugs noted in the Errata list and to modify the
product definition. The list below highlights the important
changes from Pr.D to Pr.F. Note that all page numbers are
referring to that of Pr.F.
Page 4
Read timing t9 is determined to be 3.1us.
Page 26
1. Equation 25 changed to have 2^27 bits for the denominator.
2. Content of LAENERGY register is 2971.4, and the CF
frequency output in the example calculation is 1398.3 Hz.
3. The calculation of CFNUM and CFDEN changed
according to the effect of the abovementioned changes.
Page 31
Page 12
The SAGCYC register value represents full-line cycles and
not half-line cycles. The line voltage SAG detection section
text was changed to reflect this design update.
Figure 13
shows 3 line cycles, 3h in the SAGCYC register, changed
from 6 half line cycles, 6h in the SAGCYC register. The
section explaining Figure 13 has also changed accordingly.
1. The definition of the SAGCYC a register has changed to
full line cycles. LINECYC corrected to say 15 bits and
remains half line cycles.
2. The PHCAL register description changed to reflect the
new effective length and resolution of the register and default
value of 0D.
Page 13
Peak Level record section was changed to show that the
quantity stored in VPEAK register is 2 times the absolute
value of the WAVEFORM register contents for CH2. IPEAK
is 1 times the absolute value of the CH1 Waveform.
Page 18
1. The phase calibration register resolution has changed to
0.048 from 0.024. This section calculations have been
changed to reflect this new resolution.
2. Figure 27 updated with new PHCAL range and delay
block rate.
Page 20
Figure 36 Timing was updated.
Page 21
1. The
instead
change
well as
internal active energy accumulation register is 47 bits
of 53 bits. The equation also shows this change. This
is also implemented in the equations of page 25 as
Figures 45 and 47 on page 25.
2. The maximum output frequency is changed to 23Hz.
3. Text added to explain CFNUM must be less than
CFDEN.
Page 22
1. Figure 39 shows the actual internal register length to be 47
bits. This change is also on page 23, Figure 41.
2. Line Cycle Energy accumulation mode section changed to
15 bits for LINECYC Register.
REV. PrF 10/02
–37–
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www.datasheetcatalog.com
Datasheets for electronics components.