19-5719; Rev 0; 1/11 TION KIT EVALUA BLE IL AVA A Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC Features The MAX44009 ambient light sensor features an I2C S Wide 0.045 Lux to 188,000 Lux Range digital output that is ideal for a number of portable applications such as smartphones, notebooks, and industrial sensors. At less than 1µA operating current, it is the lowest power ambient light sensor in the industry and features an ultra-wide 22-bit dynamic range from 0.045 lux to 188,000 lux. S Small, 2mm x 2mm x 0.6mm UTDFN-Opto Low-light operation allows easy operation in dark-glass applications. S VCC = 1.7V to 3.6V S ICC = 0.65µA Operating Current S -40NC to +85NC Temperature Range S Device Address Options 1001 010x and 1001 011x The on-chip photodiode’s spectral response is optimized to mimic the human eye’s perception of ambient light and incorporates IR and UV blocking capability. The adaptive gain block automatically selects the correct lux range to optimize the counts/lux. The IC is designed to operate from a 1.7V to 3.6V supply voltage range and consumes only 0.65µA in full operation. It is available in a small, 2mm x 2mm x 0.6mm UTDFN-Opto package. Ordering Information Applications Tablet PCs/Notebook Computers PART PIN-PACKAGE TEMP RANGE 6 UTDFN-Opto-EP* -40NC to +85NC TVs/Projectors/Displays MAX44009EDT+ Digital Lighting Management +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. Portable Devices *EP = Exposed pad. Cellular Phones/Smartphones Security Systems Block Diagram VCC VISIBLE +IR PHOTODIODE 16-BIT ADC SCL I2C 6-BIT RANGE CDR, TIM CONTROL MAX44009 IR PHOTODIODE SDA 16-BIT ADC AO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING INT N GND ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX44009 General Description MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Continuous Input Current into Any Terminal.................... Q20mA Continuous Power Dissipation 6 UTDFN-Opto (derate 11.9mW/NC above +70NC)......953mW Operating Temperature Range........................... -40NC to +85NC INT to GND................................................ -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) All Other Pins to GND..............................................-0.3V to +4V INT Short-Circuit Current Duration......................................... 10s All Other Pins Short-Circuit Current Duration.............Continuous Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 1.8V, TMIN to TMAX = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS Maximum Lux Sensitivity Fluorescent light Saturation Ambient Lux Level Sunlight Total Error Green LED 538nm response, TA = +25NC (Note 2) TE Light Source Matching 0.045 Lux/LSB 188,000 Lux 15 Fluorescent/incandescent light 10 Infrared Transmittance at 940nm IRR TA = +25NC (Note 3) 0 Ultraviolet Transmittance at 363nm UVR TA = +25NC (Note 3) 1.2 Dark Level Count 0LUX 0 lux, TA = +25NC, 800ms range Maximum Signal Integration Time Minimum Signal Integration Time ADC Conversion Time ACT 0 Has 50/60Hz rejection 800 Automatic mode, has 50/60Hz rejection 100 Manual mode only 100ms range, TA = +25NC 100ms range 99.6 97 6.25 100 103 Guaranteed by TE test 1.7 % % 0.5 % % 0.045 Lux ms ms 100.4 107 ms 3.6 V POWER SUPPLY Power-Supply Voltage VCC Power-Supply Current ICC TA = +25NC, 90 lux, I2C inputs inactive 0.65 TA = -40NC to +85NC 1.2 1.6 FA DIGITAL I/O CHARACTERISTICS Output Low Voltage SDA, INT VOL INT Leakage Current ISINK = 6mA 0.06 0.4 V TA = +25NC 0.01 20 nA 0.01 20 nA 0.3 x VCC V SCL, SDA, A0 Input Current IIH, IIL TA = +25NC I2C Input Low Voltage VIL_I2C SDA, SCL I2C Input High Voltage VIH_I2C SDA, SCL Address Input Low Voltage VIL_A0 A0 Address Input High Voltage VIH_A0 A0 Input Capacitance 2 0.7 x VCC V 0.3 VCC 0.3V V V 3 pF Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC MAX44009 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 1.8V, TMIN to TMAX = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 400 kHz I2C TIMING Serial-Clock Frequency fSCL Bus Free Time Between a STOP and a START Condition tBUF 1.3 Fs tHD,STA 0.6 Fs Low Period of the SCL Clock tLOW 1.3 Fs High Period of the SCL Clock tHIGH 0.6 Fs Setup Time for a Repeated START Condition tSU,STA 0.6 Fs Data Hold Time tHD,DAT (Note 4) Data Setup Time tSU,DAT Hold Time (Repeated) START Condition Fall Time of SDA Transmitting Setup Time for STOP Condition Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed Note Note Note Note 1: 2: 3: 4: tF ISINK P 6mA, tR and tF are measured between 0.3 x VDD and 0.7 x VDD tSU,STO tSP 0 0.9 100 ns 100 ns 0.6 Input filters on the SDA and SCL inputs suppress noise spikes 0 Fs Fs 50 ns All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25NC. Temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Green 538nm LED chosen for production is such that the IC responds to 100 lux fluorescent light with 100 lux. With respect to green LED 538nm response. A master device must provide a hold time of at least 300ns for the SDA signal (referred to VIL of the SCL signal) to bridge the undefined region of SCL’s falling edge. 3 Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 1.8V, default power-up setting, unless otherwise noted.) RADIATION PATTERN SPECTRUM RESPONSE 80 60 40 CIE 20 MAX44009 toc02 MAX44009 RESPONSE 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 AUTO MODE, INCANDESCENT LAMP 20 10 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 -90 1000 -60 -30 SPECTRUM OF LIGHT SOURCES FOR MEASUREMENT MAX44009 toc03 120 SUNLIGHT 80 60 40 FLUORESCENT 1.0 400 500 600 700 800 WAVELENGTH (nm) 0.8 0.6 100 LUX, CONT = 0 0.4 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 50 LUX AND 300 LUX AUTO MODE, FLUORESCENT LAMP 0.92 0.90 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE VCC = 3.3V 1.0 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 1.04 2.1 1.2 MAX44009 toc05 1.06 1.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT CODE ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.08 AUTO MODE, FLUORESCENT LAMP 1.5 900 1000 1.10 4 5000 LUX, CONT = 0 0 0 300 90 0 LUX AND 100 LUX, CONT = 1 0.2 20 60 1.2 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) NORMALIZED RESPONSE INCANDESCENT 100 30 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.4 160 140 0 LUMINOSITY ANGLE (°) WAVELENGTH (nm) MAX44009 toc04 300 MAX44009 toc06 NORMALIZED RESPONSE 100 100 RELATIVE SENSITIVITY (% FROM 0°) MAX44009 toc01 120 OUTPUT CODE ERROR (RATIO FROM 1.8V) MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC 0.8 0.6 VCC = 2.5V VCC = 1.8V 0.4 100 LUX AUTO MODE, FLUORESCENT LAMP 0.2 0 3.3 3.6 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC SUPPLY CURRENT vs. LUX READING 2.0 1.5 1.0 200 INCANDESCENT LAMP 150 100 50 0.5 SUNLIGHT 0 0 100 1k 10k 100k 0 LUX READING (LUX) 50 100 150 200 250 300 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 REFERENCE METER READING (LUX) MAX44009 toc09 MAX44009 toc08 250 VOL (mV) 2.5 FLUORESCENT LAMP 300 OUTPUTS READING (LUX) 3.0 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 350 MAX44009 toc07 3.5 SDA INT OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE vs. SINK CURRENT LIGHT SENSITIVITY vs. LUX LEVEL SDA INT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISINK (mA) 7 8 9 10 Pin Configuration TOP VIEW SDA SCL INT 6 5 4 MAX44009 + EP 1 2 3 VCC GND A0 UTDFN-Opto (2mm x 2mm) Pin Description PIN NAME 1 VCC Power Supply PIN DESCRIPTION 2 GND Ground 3 A0 4 Interrupt Output. Use an external pullup resistor. 5 INT SCL 6 SDA I2C Data Bus — EP Address Select. Pull high to select address 1001 011x or low to select address 1001 010x. I2C Clock Bus Exposed Pad. Connect EP to ground. 5 MAX44009 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 1.8V, default power-up setting; unless otherwise noted.) Detailed Description The default integration time of the ADC is 100ms, giving it inherent rejection of 50Hz and 60Hz ripple common in certain line-powered light sources. The MAX44009 is an ambient light sensor with integrated photodiode and ADC with an I2C digital interface. To measure ambient light, the die is placed inside an optically transparent (UTDFN-Opto) package. A photodiode inside the IC converts the light to a current that is then processed by low-power circuitry into a digital bit stream. This is digitally processed and stored in an output register that is read by an I2C interface. An on-chip programmable interrupt function eliminates the need for continually polling the device for data and results in significant power saving. Human Eye CIE Curve and Different Light Sources The IC is designed to detect brightness in the same way as human eyes do. To achieve this, the sensor needs to have a spectral sensitivity that is similar to that of human eyes. Figure 1 shows the spectral sensitivity of the IC and the human eye (CIE curve). As can be seen, the human eye has its peak sensitivity at 555nm (green), while that of blue (~470nm) and red (~630nm) is much lower. The human eye also is blind to infrared (> 700nm) and ultraviolet (< 400nm) radiation. Light sources can have similar visible brightness (lux), but different IR radiation content (because the human eye is blind to it). The differences in the light spectra affect brightness measurement because some of this infrared radiation is picked up by silicon photodiodes. For example, light sources with high IR content, such as an incandescent bulb or sunlight, would suggest a much brighter environment than our eyes would perceive them to be. Other light sources, such as fluorescent and LED-based systems, have very little infrared content. The IC exhibits good IR rejection and internal IR compensation scheme to minimize these effects and give an accurate lux response. A package-level optical filter prevents ultraviolet and infrared from reaching the photodiode. Its optical response is also designed to match the spectral response of the human eye. A second photodiode array, sensitive primarily to the infrared spectrum, is then used to match flourescent and incandescent light response from the part. Two key features of the IC analog design are its ultra-low current consumption (typically 0.65µA) and an extremely wide dynamic light range that extends from 0.045 lux to 188,000 lux—more than a 4,000,000 to 1 range. The onchip autoranging scheme requires no user intervention for the gain-range setting. The IC can be customized to operate at enhanced sensitivity in applications where it needs to operate behind a dark glass. 120 100 NORMALIZED RESPONSE MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC MAX44009 RESPONSE 80 60 40 CIE 20 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 WAVELENGTH (nm) Figure 1. Spectral Sensitivity of the MAX44009 and Human Eye 6 900 1000 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC Table 1. Register Map BIT POWER-ON RESET STATE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 REGISTER ADDRESS Interrupt Status — — — — — — — INTS 0x00 0x00 R Interrupt Enable — — — — — — — INTE 0x01 0x00 R/W CONT MANUAL — — CDR 0x02 0x03 R/W Lux High Byte E3 E2 E1 E0 M7 M6 M5 M4 0x03 0x00 R Lux Low Byte — — — — M3 M2 M1 M0 0x04 0x00 R Upper Threshold High Byte UE3 UE2 UE1 UE0 UM7 UM6 UM5 UM4 0x05 0xFF R/W Lower Threshold High Byte LE3 LE2 LE1 LE0 LM7 LM6 LM5 LM4 0x06 0x00 R/W Threshold Timer T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2 T1 T0 0x07 0xFF R/W REGISTER R/W STATUS CONFIGURATION Configuration TIM[2:0] LUX READING THRESHOLD SET Interrupt Status 0x00 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 REGISTER ADDRESS — — — — — — — INTS 0x00 If the INTE bit is set to 1, then the INTS status bit is asserted if the light intensity exceeds either upper or lower threshold limits (as specified by registers 0x05 and 0x06, respectively) for a period longer than that defined by the Threshold Timer register (0x07). This bit resets to 0 after the host reads this register. See Table 2. This bit is also reflected on the INT pin. When the INTS bit is set, the INT pin is asserted low, and when the INTS bit is set to 0, the INT pin is pulled high by an external resistor. Once this bit is set, it can be cleared either by reading the Interrupt Status register 0x00 or by writing a 0 to the Interrupt Enable register 0x01. Table 2. Interrupt Status Register BIT 0 OPERATION 0 No interrupt trigger event has occurred. 1 Ambient light intensity is outside the threshold window range for a longer than specified time. Interrupt Enable 0x01 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 REGISTER ADDRESS — — — — — — — INTS 0x01 7 MAX44009 Register and Bit Descriptions MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC Interrupt events set the INTS bit (register 0x00, bit 0) and the INT pin only if the INTE bit is set to 1. If the INTE bit is set (interrupt is enabled) and the interrupt condition is triggered, then the INT pin is pulled low (asserted) and the INTS bit in the Interrupt Status register is set to 1. See Table 3. Table 3. Interrupt Enable Register BIT 0 OPERATION 0 The INT pin and the INTS bit are not asserted even if an interrupt event has occurred. 1 Detection of an interrupt event triggers a hardware interrupt (INT pin is pulled low) and sets the INTS bit (register 0x00, bit 0). Configuration 0x02 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 CONT MANUAL — — CDR BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 TIM[2:0] REGISTER ADDRESS 0x02 Continuous Mode Table 4. Continuous Mode Register BIT 7 OPERATION 0 Default mode. The IC measures lux intensity only once every 800ms regardless of integration time. This mode allows the part to operate at its lowest possible supply current. 1 Continuous mode. The IC continuously measures lux intensity. That is, as soon as one reading is finished, a new one begins. If integration time is 6.25ms, readings are taken every 6.25ms. If integration time is 800ms, readings are taken every 800ms. In this mode, the part consumes slightly higher power than in the default mode. Note: Continuous mode is independent of the manual configuration mode setting. Manual Configuration Mode In automatic mode (MANUAL = 0), reading the contents of TIM[2:0] and CDR bits reflects the automatically generated values from an internal timing register and are read-only. In manual mode (MANUAL = 1), the contents of TIM[2:0] and CDR bits can be modified by the users through the I2C bus. Table 5. Manual Configuration Register BIT 6 OPERATION 0 Default mode of configuration is used for the IC. In this mode, CDR, TIM[2:0] bits are automatically determined by the internal autoranging circuitry of the IC. 1 Manual mode of configuration is used for the IC. In this mode, CDR, and TIM[2:0] bits can be programmed by the user. Current Division Ratio (CDR) The CDR bit controls the current division ratio. The photodiode current is divided as shown in Table 6. Table 6. Current Division Ratio Register BIT 3 8 OPERATION 0 Current not divided. All of the photodiode current goes to the ADC. 1 Current divided by 8. Only 1/8 of the photodiode current goes to the ADC. This mode is used in high-brightness situations. Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC In automatic mode (MANUAL = 0), integration time is automatically selected by the on-chip algorithm to be either 100ms/200ms/400ms/800ms. In manual mode, integration time can be varied by the user all the way from 6.25ms to 800ms. See Table 7. Table 7. Integration Time TIM[2:0] INTEGRATION TIME (ms) 000 800 COMMENTS This is a preferred mode for boosting low-light sensitivity. 001 400 — 010 200 — 011 100 This is a preferred mode for high-brightness applications. 100 50 Manual mode only. 101 25 Manual mode only. 110 12.5 Manual mode only. 111 6.25 Manual mode only. Lux High-Byte Register 0x03 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 REGISTER ADDRESS E3 E2 E1 E0 M7 M6 M5 M4 0x03 Bits in Lux High-Byte register 0x03 give the 4 bits of exponent E3:E0 and 4 most significant bits of the mantissa byte M7:M4, and represent the lux reading of ambient light. The remaining 4 bits of the mantissa byte M3:M0 are in the Lux Low-Byte register 0x04 and enhance resolution of the lux reading from the IC. Exponent (E[3:0]): Exponent bits of the lux reading (0000 to 1110). Note: A reading of 1111 represents an overrange condition. Mantissa (M[7:4]): Four most significant bits of mantissa byte of the lux reading (0000 to 1111). Lux = 2(exponent) x mantissa x 0.72 Exponent = 8xE3 + 4xE2 + 2xE1 + E0 Mantissa = 8xM7 + 4xM6 + 2xM5 + M4 A code of 0000 0001 calculates to be 0.72 lux. A code of 1110 1111 calculates to be 176,947 lux. A code of 1110 1110 calculates to be 165,151 lux. Update of the contents of this register is internally disabled during I2C read operations to ensure proper data transfer between internal ADC and I2C registers. Update of I2C registers is resumed when the master sends a STOP command. If user wants to read both the Lux High-Byte register 0x03 and Lux Low-Byte register 0x04, then the master should not send a STOP command between the reads of the two registers. Instead a Repeated START command should be used. This ensures accurate data is obtained from the I2C registers (by disabling internal updates during the read process). 9 MAX44009 Integration Timer Bits (TIM[2:0]) The TIM[2:0] bits can be used to program the signal integration time. MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC Lux Low-Byte Register 0x04 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 REGISTER ADDRESS — — — — M3 M2 M1 M0 0x04 Bits in Lux Low-Byte register 0x04 give the 4 least significant bits of the mantissa byte representing the lux reading of ambient light. Combined with the Lux High-Byte register 0x03, it extends the resolution and dynamic range of lux measurements of the IC. E3–E0: Exponent bits of lux reading M7–M0: Mantissa byte of lux reading Lux = 2(exponent) x mantissa x 0.045 Exponent = 8xE3 + 4xE2 + 2xE1 + E0 Mantissa = 128xM7 + 64xM6 + 32xM5 + 16xM4 + 8xM3 + 4xM2 + 2xM1 + M0 Combining contents of register 0x03 and 0x04: A code of 0000 0000 0001 calculates to be 0.045 lux. A code of 0000 0001 0000 calculates to be 0.72 lux. A code of 0001 0001 0001 calculates to be 0.765 lux. A code of 1110 1111 1111 calculates to be 188,006 lux. A code of 1110 1111 1110 calculates to be 187,269 lux. The Lux High-Byte 0x03 and Lux Low-Byte 0x04 register updates are internally disabled at the start of a valid address transmission from the master. Updating reinitiates at the next valid STOP condition. This prevents erroneous readings in the event an update occurs between readings of registers 0x03 and 0x04. Update of the contents of this register is internally disabled during I2C read operations to ensure proper data transfer between internal ADC and I2C registers. Update of I2C registers is resumed when the master sends a STOP command. If the user wants to read both the Lux High-Byte register 0x03 and Lux Low-Byte register 0x04, then the master should not send a STOP command between the reads of the two registers. Instead a Repeated START command should be used. This ensures accurate data is obtained from the I2C registers (by disabling internal updates during the read process). Upper Threshold High-Byte Register 0x05 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 REGISTER ADDRESS UE3 UE2 UE1 UE0 UM7 UM6 UM5 UM4 0x05 The Upper Threshold High-Byte register exponent with the four most significant bits of the mantissa sets the upper trip level for interrupt functionality. This upper limit is relevant only if the INTE bit in the interrupt enable register is set. If the lux level is greater than this light level for a time greater than that specified in the Threshold Timer register, the INTS bit in the Interrupt Status register is set and the INT pin is pulled low. Mantissa (UM[7:4]): Four most significant bits of mantissa upper threshold Exponent (UE[3:0]): Exponent bits upper threshold Upper lux threshold = 2(exponent) x mantissa x 0.045 Exponent = 8xUE3 + 4xUE2 + 2xUE1 + UE0 Mantissa = 128xUM7+ 64xUM6+ 32xUM5 + 16xUM4 +15 10 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 REGISTER ADDRESS LE3 LE2 LE1 LE0 LM7 LM6 LM5 LM4 0x06 The Lower Threshold High-Byte register exponent with the four most significant bits of the mantissa sets the lower trip level for interrupt functionality. This lower limit is relevant only if the INTE bit in the Interrupt Enable register is set. If the lux level is below this light level for a time greater than that specified in the Threshold Timer register, the INTS bit in the Interrupt Status register is set and the INT pin is pulled low. Mantissa (LM[7:4]): Four most significant bits of mantissa lower threshold Exponent (LE[3:0]): Exponent bits lower threshold Lower lux threshold = 2(exponent) x mantissa x 0.045 Exponent = 8xLE3 + 4xLE2 + 2xLE1 + LE0 Mantissa = 128xLM7 + 64xLM6 + 32xLM5 + 16xLM4 Threshold Timer Register 0x07 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 REGISTER ADDRESS T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2 T1 T0 0x07 If the INTE bit = 1 and the ambient light level exceed either threshold limit for a time longer than that specified by the Threshold Timer register, then the INTS bit is set to 1 and the INT pin is pulled low. The value in this register sets the time used to control this delay. A value of 0x00 in this register (with INTE bit = 1 in the Interrupt Enable register) configures the IC to assert the interrupt pin as soon as the light level exceeds either threshold. Time delay = (128xT7 + 64xT6 + 32xT5 + 16xT4 + 8xT3 + 4xT2 + 2xT1 + T0) x 100ms. Applications Information Auto and Manual Modes In auto mode configuration (default setting), CDR and TIM bits are internally generated. The autoranging circuit uses two different methods to change its sensitivity. For light intensities greater than 700 lux, a current divider reduces the photodiode’s current by a factor of 8. The default, as in the previous example, is a division of 1: current goes directly into the I-to-F converter. As light intensity decreases, the autoranging circuit increases the integration time from 100ms to 200ms to 400ms, or to 800ms. The combination of the current divider and the different integration times give the A/D a range 8 times higher, as well as 8 times lower, than its nominal 16-bit range. This gives a dynamic range of 22 bits or slightly over 4,000,000 to 1. In manual mode, the user has access to 4 bits (CDR and TIM[2:0]) to override the autoranging circuitry. These affect the integration time of the A/D and the current division ratio. See the register description for manual configuration mode (0x02, bit 6). Data Format of Lux Reading The IC has a user-friendly digital output format. It consists of a 4-bit exponent followed by an 8-bit mantissa. In its highest sensitivity mode, 1 count represents 0.045 lux. The mantissa has a maximum value of 255, and the exponent has a maximum value of 14. This gives a maximum range: 255 x 214 = 4,177,920. At 0.045 lux/LSB, the maximum lux reading is 188,000 lux. Any reading greater than that (i.e., exponent = 15) is considered to be an overload. No conversion formulas are needed as in the case of dual-diode ambient light sensors. The IC’s output (registers 0x03 and 0x04) comprises a 12-bit result that represents the ambient light expressed in units of lux. Here is how lux is calculated: Lux = (2(exponent) x mantissa) x 0.045 The exponent is a 4-bit number ranging from 0000 to 1110 (zero to 14). The mantissa is an 8-bit number ranging from 0000 0000 to 1111 1111 (zero to 255). 11 MAX44009 Lower Threshold High-Byte Register 0x06 MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC The mantissa is an 8-bit number ranging from 0000 0000 to 1111 0000 (zero to 240). The count is multiplied by 0.045, which is the LSB. Because of the logarithmic nature of autoranging circuitry implemented on the IC, resolution of ambient lux readings scale with the absolute measurement. Table 8 lists the lux resolution and the lux ranges obtained from the IC. Upper lux threshold = (2(exponent) x mantissa) x 0.045 The exponent is a 4-bit number ranging from 0000 to 1110 (zero to 14). The mantissa is an 8-bit number ranging from 0000 1111 to 1111 1111 (15 to 255). Interrupt Settings In the auto range mode (MANUAL = 0), the upper threshold and lower threshold bytes must be in a format that matches the format used in register 0x03, the lux high byte. There are only two rules to follow: Interrupt is enabled by setting bit 0 of register 0x01 to 1 (see Table 1). INT, an open-drain output, pulls low when an interrupt condition occurs (lux readings that exceed threshold limits for a period greater than that set by the Threshold Timer register). The interrupt status bit is cleared automatically if register 0x00 is read or if the interrupt is disabled (INTE = 0). • For very low lux levels (light levels below 11.5 lux), set the exponent to zero, the code is merely: 0000 MMMM where the 4 zeroes are the exponent, and the MMMM represent the 4 most significant bits of the mantissa. Threshold Register Data Format The IC’s interrupt circuit requires the upper and lower limit thresholds to be in a specific format to be properly interpreted. The upper and lower limits, from registers 0x05 and 0x06 must match the lux high-byte format. This consists of the 4 bits of the exponent and the 4 most significant bits of the mantissa (E3 E2 E1 E0 M7 M6 M5 M4). • For all other conditions (light levels above 11.5 lux) where the exponent is not zero, the format is: EEEE 1MMM. Notice that bit M7 (most significant bit) must always be a 1. The other bits do not matter. EEEE is limited to a maximum value of 1110. The maximum usable setting is a code of 1110 1111. In this case, there is the following formula: Lower lux threshold = (2(exponent) x mantissa) x 0.045 The exponent is a 4-bit number ranging from 0000 to 1110 (zero to 14). In manual mode (MANUAL = 1), Table 9 gives the range of exponent (E3 E2 E1 E0) that can be used for each TIM[2:0] and CDR bit setting. Table 8. Lux per LSB in Automatic Mode LUX (MAX) LUX PER LSB IN AUTOMATIC MODE 0 11.5 0.045 0 256 11.5 23.0 0.09 256 512 LUX (MIN) 12 COUNTS (MIN) COUNTS (MAX) 23.0 46.1 0.18 512 1024 46.1 92.2 0.36 1024 2048 92.2 184.3 0.72 2048 4096 184.3 368.6 1.44 4096 8192 368.6 737.3 2.88 8192 16,384 737.3 1474.6 5.76 16,384 32,768 1474.6 2949.1 11.52 32,768 65,536 2949.1 5898.2 23.04 65,536 131,072 5898.2 11,796.5 46.08 131,072 262,144 11,796.5 23,593.0 92.16 262,144 524,288 23,593.0 47,185.9 184.32 524,288 1,048,576 47,185.9 94,371.8 368.64 1,048,576 2,097,152 94,371.8 188,006.4 737.28 2,097,152 4,177,920 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC RECOMMENDED SETTINGS FOR CONFIGURATION REGISTER (0x03) APPLICATION CONDITIONS RANGE OF EXPONENTS FOR UPPER AND LOWER REGISTERS (0x05 AND 0x06) LUX LSB (MIN) LUX (MAX) LUX LSB (MAX) INTEGRATION TIME (ms) TIM CDR EXPONENT (MIN) EXPONENT (MAX) 0.045 2938 11.52 800 000 0 0000 1000 0.09 5875 23.04 400 001 0 0001 1001 0.18 11,750 46.08 200 010 0 0010 1010 100 011 0 800 000 1 0011 1011 0100 1100 0101 1101 0110 1110 0111 1110 0.36 23,501 92.16 0.72 47,002 184.32 1.44 94,003 368.64 2.88 188,006 737.28 5.76 188,006 737.28 11.52 188,006 23.04 188,006 46.08 188,006 50 100 0 400 001 1 25 101 0 200 010 1 12.5 110 0 100 011 1 6.25 111 0 50 100 1 737.28 25 101 1 1000 1110 737.28 12.5 110 1 1001 1110 737.28 6.25 111 1 1010 1110 Note: In manual mode, exceeding the lux (max) causes an overload error (exponent = 1111). Typical Operating Sequence To utilize the ultra-low power consumption of the IC in end applications, an interrupt pin is provided to eliminate the need for the system to poll the device continuously. Since every clock and data bit transmitted on I2C can consume up to 1mA (assuming 1.8kI pullup resistor to a 1.8V rail), minimizing the number of I2C transactions on the data bus can save a lot of power. In addition, eliminating the need to poll the device frees up processing resources for the master, improving overall system performance. The typical sequence of communication with the IC is as follows: 1) Master reads lux reading from registers 0x03 and 0x04. 2) Master sets the upper lux threshold and lower lux threshold in registers 0x05 and 0x06 so that a userprogrammed window is defined around the current lux readings. 3) Master sets suitable threshold timer data in register 0x07. 4) Master works on other tasks until alerted by the INT pin going low. This is where the master spends much of its time. 5) When alerted by the INT pin going low, the master reads the Interrupt Status register 0x00 to confirm the source of interrupt was the IC. The master takes appropriate action. 6) Repeat from Step 1. 13 MAX44009 Table 9. Recommended Manual Mode Settings for Configuration Register (0x02) and Threshold Registers (0x05, 0x06) MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC START READ MAX44009 AMBIENT LUX, SET APPROPRIATE BACKLIGHT STRENGTH WRITE TO UPPER LUX THRESHOLD, LOWER LUX THRESHOLD, AND LUX THRESHOLD TIMER REGISTERS WORK ON TASKS/SLEEP UNTIL WOKEN BY HARDWARE INTERRUPT WOKEN BY INTERRUPT? N Y CHECK OTHER INTERRUPT SOURCES READ INTS BIT TO CONFIRM Y Figure 2. Typical Operating Sequence 14 MAX44009 CAUSED INTERRUPT? N Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC The IC features an I2C/SMBus™-compatible, 2-wire serial interface consisting of a serial-data line (SDA) and a serial-clock line (SCL). SDA and SCL facilitate communication between the IC and the master at clock rates up to 400kHz. Figure 3 shows the 2-wire interface timing diagram. The master generates SCL and initiates data transfer on the bus. A master device writes data to the IC by transmitting the proper slave address followed by the register address and then the data word. Each transmit sequence is framed by a START (S) or Repeated START (Sr) condition and a STOP (P) condition. Each word transmitted to the IC is 8 bits long and is followed by an acknowledge clock pulse. A master reading data from the IC transmits the proper slave address followed by a series of nine SCL pulses. The IC transmits data on SDA in sync with the master-generated SCL pulses. The master acknowledges receipt of each byte of data. Each read sequence is framed by a START or Repeated START condition, a not acknowledge, and a STOP condition. SDA operates as both an input and an open-drain output. A pullup resistor, typically greater than 500I, is required on the SDA bus. SCL operates as only an input. A pullup resistor, typically greater than 500I, is required on SCL if there are multiple masters on the bus, or if the master in a single-master system has an open-drain SCL output. Series resistors in line with SDA and SCL are optional. Series resistors protect the digital inputs of the IC from high-voltage spikes on the bus lines, and minimize crosstalk and undershoot of the bus signals. Bit Transfer One data bit is transferred during each SCL cycle. The data on SDA must remain stable during the high period of the SCL pulse. Changes in SDA while SCL is high are control signals (see the START and STOP Conditions section). SDA and SCL idle high when the I2C bus is not busy. START and STOP Conditions SDA and SCL idle high when the bus is not in use. A master initiates communication by issuing a START condition. A START condition is a high-to-low transition on SDA with SCL high. A STOP condition is a low-to-high transition on SDA while SCL is high (Figure 4). A START condition from the master signals the beginning of a transmission to the IC. The master terminates transmission, and frees the bus by issuing a STOP condition. The bus remains active if a REPEATED START condition is generated instead of a STOP condition. Early STOP Conditions The IC recognizes a STOP condition at any point during data transmission except if the STOP condition occurs in the same high pulse as a START condition. For proper operation, do not send a STOP condition during the same SCL high pulse as the START condition. SDA tSU,STA tSU,DAT tHD,DAT tLOW tBUF tHD,STA tSP tSU,STO SCL tHIGH tHD,STA START CONDITION tR tF REPEATED START CONDITION STOP CONDITION START CONDITION Figure 3. 2-Wire Interface Timing Diagram SMBus is a trademark of Intel Corp. 15 MAX44009 I2C Serial Interface MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC S SR P CLOCK PULSE FOR ACKNOWLEDGMENT START CONDITION SCL SCL 1 2 8 9 NOT ACKNOWLEDGE SDA SDA ACKNOWLEDGE Figure 4. START, STOP, and Repeated START Conditions Slave Address The slave address with the R/W bit set to 0 indicates that the master intends to write data to the IC. The IC acknowledges receipt of the address byte during the master-generated ninth SCL pulse. Acknowledge The second byte transmitted from the master configures the IC’s internal register address pointer. The pointer tells the IC where to write the next byte of data. An acknowledge pulse is sent by the IC upon receipt of the address pointer data. The slave address is controlled by the A0 pin. Connect A0 to either ground or VCC to set the address. Table 10 shows the two possible addresses for the IC. The acknowledge bit (ACK) is a clocked 9th bit that the IC uses to handshake receipt each byte of data when in write mode (see Figure 5). The IC pulls down SDA during the entire master-generated ninth clock pulse if the previous byte is successfully received. Monitoring ACK allows for detection of unsuccessful data transfers. An unsuccessful data transfer occurs if a receiving device is busy or if a system fault has occurred. In the event of an unsuccessful data transfer, the bus master can retry communication. The master pulls down SDA during the ninth clock cycle to acknowledge receipt of data when the IC is in read mode. An acknowledge is sent by the master after each read byte to allow data transfer to continue. A not acknowledge is sent when the master reads the final byte of data from the IC, followed by a STOP condition. Write Data Format A write to the IC includes transmission of a START condition, the slave address with the R/W bit set to 0, 1 byte of data to configure the internal register address pointer, 1 or more bytes of data, and a STOP condition. Figure 6 illustrates the proper frame format for writing 1 byte of data to the IC. Table 10. Slave Address 16 Figure 5. Acknowledge A0 SLAVE ADDRESS FOR WRITING SLAVE ADDRESS FOR READING GND 1001 0100 1001 0101 VCC 1001 0110 1001 0111 The third byte sent to the IC contains the data that is written to the chosen register. The master signals the end of transmission by issuing a STOP condition. Read Data Format To read a byte of data, the register pointer must first be set through a write operation (Figure 7). Send the slave address with the R/W set to 0, followed by the address of the register that needs to be read. After a Repeated START condition, send the slave address with the R/W bit set to 1 to initiate a read operation. The IC then sends an acknowledge pulse followed by the contents of the register to be read. Transmitted data is valid on the rising edge of the master-generated serial clock (SCL). Figure 8 illustrates the frame format for reading two registers consecutively without a STOP condition in between reads. This applies to reading the Lux Data registers 0x03 and 0x04 consecutively only. Sensor Position The photo sensitive area of the IC is 0.37mm x 0.37mm and much smaller than the device itself. When placing the part behind a light guide, only this sensitive area has to be taken into account. Figure 9 shows the position and size of the photo-sensitive area within the package. Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC MAX44009 ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 B7 ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 SLAVE ADDRESS S 0 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 REGISTER ADDRESS A A DATA BYTE A R/W P 1 BYTE Figure 6. Writing 1 Byte of Data to the IC NOT ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MASTER ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 S SLAVE ADDRESS 0 ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 A REGISTER ADDRESS ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 A SLAVE ADDRESS Sr A DATA BYTE R/W REPEATED START R/W 1 A P 1 BYTE Figure 7. Reading 1 Indexed Byte of Data from the IC NOT ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MASTER ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 S SLAVE ADDRESS 0 A REGISTER ADDRESS 1 R/W ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 A Sr SLAVE ADDRESS REPEATED START 1 A DATA BYTE 1 R/W A Sr 1 BYTE NOT ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MASTER ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 SLAVE ADDRESS 0 R/W ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 A REGISTER ADDRESS 2 ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX44009 A REPEATED START Sr SLAVE ADDRESS 1 R/W A DATA BYTE 2 A P 1 BYTE Figure 8. Reading Two Registers Consecutively Without a STOP Condition in Between Reads 17 MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC VCC 0.76mm 2mm 1 MAX44009 6 SDA 5 SCL 4 INT TOP VIEW AD 2 0.24mm CENTER OF MAX44009 0.13mm 0.88mm 0.12mm 0.25mm 0.87mm GND 3 2mm 0.75mm Figure 9. Sensor Position Typical Application Circuit VCC TO 3.6V 1.7V TO 3.6V 0V TO VCC 1µF 10kI 10kI 10kI VCC SDA SDA GND SCL SCL A0* INT INT MAX44009 *DEVICE ADDRESS IS 1001 010x. CONNECT A0 TO VCC FOR SLAVE ADDRESS 1001 011x. SEE THE PIN DESCRIPTION. SDA SDA SCL SCL I2C SLAVE_1 I2C SLAVE_n µC (I2C MASTER) Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS 18 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 6 UTDFN-Opto D622+1 21-0490 90-0344 19 MAX44009 Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. MAX44009 Industry’s Lowest-Power Ambient Light Sensor with ADC Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 1/11 DESCRIPTION Initial release PAGES CHANGED — Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 20 © 2011 Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.