19-3495; Rev 0; 11/04 High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers The MAX8718/MAX8719 are micropower, 8-pin TDFN linear regulators that supply always-on, keep-alive power to CMOS RAM, real-time clocks (RTC), and microcontrollers in systems with high-voltage batteries. The circuits consist of a 100mA linear regulator and a power-good comparator (PGOOD) with fixed-output delay. Key features include wide input voltage range, low-dropout voltage, and low-quiescent supply current. Despite a miserly 25µA (max) no-load quiescent current, the MAX8718/MAX8719 have good line- and loadtransient response and excellent AC power-supply rejection. They provide a clean fixed 5V or 3.3V output (MAX8718), or an adjustable 1.24V to 28V output (MAX8719), even when subjected to fast supply-voltage changes that occur during the switchover from battery to AC-adapter input power. The space-saving TDFN package has excellent thermal characteristics and tolerates up to 1951mW of power dissipation. Internal foldback current limiting and thermal shutdown protect the regulator from overload and thermal faults. In addition to the main notebook-computer application, these devices are useful in other low-power, high-voltage applications (4V < VIN < 28V) such as smart batteries, current control loops, telecom emergency power, and housekeeping power for off-line supplies. The MAX8718/MAX8719 are available in a thermally enhanced 3mm x 3mm, 8-lead TDFN package. Features ♦ 4V to 28V Input Range ♦ 18µA Quiescent Supply Current ♦ <3µA Shutdown Supply Current ♦ 100mA Output Current ♦ 3.3V or 5V, Pin-Selectable Output (MAX8718) ♦ Adjustable 1.24V to 28V Output (MAX8719) ♦ ±2% Output Accuracy ♦ Thermal-Overload Protection ♦ Delayed Power-Good Output ♦ Thermally Enhanced 8-Pin TDFN Package Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE MAX8718ETA -40°C to +85°C 8 TDFN 3mm x 3mm 3.3V/5V MAX8719ETA -40°C to +85°C 8 TDFN 3mm x 3mm Adjustable Applications Pin Configuration CMOS/RTC Backup Power Microcontroller Power TOP VIEW Notebook Computers Smart-Battery Packs PDAs and Handy-Terminals Battery-Powered Systems IN 1 GND 2 5/3 (FB) 3 8 OUT MAX8718 MAX8719 7 I.C. 6 SHDN 5 PGOOD VCC 4 TDFN 3mm × 3mm () ARE FOR THE MAX8719. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX8718/MAX8719 General Description MAX8718/MAX8719 High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN to GND ...............................................................-0.3V to +30V SHDN to GND ..............................................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) 5/3 (MAX8718) to GND.............................................-0.3V to +6V FB (MAX8719) to GND .............................................-0.3V to +6V OUT (MAX8718) to GND ..........................................-0.3V to +6V OUT (MAX8719) to GND ........................................-0.3V to +30V VCC to GND (MAX8718) ...........................................-0.3V to +6V VCC to GND (MAX8719) ........................................-0.3V to +2.7V PGOOD to GND .....................................................-0.3V to +30V I.C. to GND ...............................................................-0.3V to +6V OUT Short Circuit to GND.......................................................30s Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 8-Pin TDFN (derate 24.4mW/°C above +70°C) ..........1951mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Circuit of Figure 1. VIN = 15V, IOUT = 5µA, TA = 0°C to +85°C. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Input Voltage Range Supply Current (MAX8718) SYMBOL CONDITIONS VIN IIN TYP 4 SHDN = IN, TA = +25°C 12 SHDN = IN, VIN = 6V to 28V 0V < VCC < 2.7V, TA = +25°C VCC Input Current (MAX8719) MIN -0.1 0V < VCC < 2.7V, TA = 0°C to +85°C Shutdown Supply Current SHDN = 0V 1.2 Dropout Supply Current VOUT set to 5V, VIN = 4.7V 85 OUT Minimum Load Current FB Threshold (MAX8719) VFB FB Input Current (MAX8719) IFB 5/3 Input Current (MAX8718) I5/3 Dropout Voltage 2 µs 25 µA 3.4 2.3 OUT Output Voltage (MAX8718) V 18 +0.1 0V < VCC < 5.5V, TA = 0°C to +85°C µA 5 µA µA µA 3.26 3.33 3.40 VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 1mA, 5/3 = OUT, TA = +25°C 4.95 5.05 5.15 VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 5µA to 100mA, 5/3 = GND 3.15 3.48 VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 5µA to 100mA, 5/3 = OUT 4.75 5.25 FB = OUT, VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 1mA 1.215 FB = OUT, VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 5µA to 100mA (Note 2) 1.18 VFB = 1.3V, TA = +25°C -30 V VFB = 1.3V, TA = 0°C to +85°C V5/3 = 5V, TA = 0°C to +85°C µA 3 VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 1mA, 5/3 = GND, TA = +25°C V5/3 = 5V, TA = +25°C UNITS 28 0.04 0V < VCC < 5.5V, TA = +25°C VCC Input Current (MAX8718) MAX 1.240 1.265 1.28 +30 15 -30 +30 2 VDROPOUT ILOAD = 100mA (Note 3) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 560 V nA nA mV High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers (Circuit of Figure 1. VIN = 15V, IOUT = 5µA, TA = 0°C to +85°C. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Output Current Limit Output Reverse Leakage Current Capacitive Load Requirements SYMBOL ILIM CONDITIONS VOUT = 0, VIN = 6V 125 0.16 MAX8719 0.23 Startup Output Overshoot COUT = 10µF, RLOAD = 500Ω, OUT within 90% of the nominal output voltage MAX 340 70 MAX8718 Rising edge of IN or SHDN to OUT within spec limits, COUT = 10µF, RLOAD = 500Ω, VOUT = 5V TYP 210 VOUT forced to 5.5V, IN = unconnected Startup Time Response 1 0.5 0.92 × VOUT 0°C < TA < +85°C, rising edge only 0.85 × VOUT 0.9 × VOUT 0.95 × VOUT TA = +25°C, rising edge only 0.88 × VFB 0.9 × VFB 0.92 × VFB 0°C < TA < +85°C, rising edge only 0.85 × VFB 0.9 × VFB 0.95 × VFB PGOOD Active-Timeout Period 4.5 100 V V µs 300 ms PGOOD Output Leakage Current PGOOD = 5.5V, VCC = 5.5V 0.1 µA PGOOD Output Low Voltage ISINK = 1.6mA, VCC = GND 0.3 V VCC Input Hysteresis Thermal-Shutdown Threshold V SHDN = 0 or 15V, 20°C hysteresis 185 ms % 0.9 × VOUT VTH to (VTH - 100mV) mA µF/mA 0.88 × VOUT VCC Threshold (MAX8719) UNITS µA TA = +25°C, rising edge only VCC Threshold (MAX8718) VCC to PGOOD Delay MIN VIN = 6V, TA = +25°C 2 % +165 °C SHDN Input Low Voltage SHDN Input High Voltage SHDN Input Bias Current 0.25 V +1 µA 1.4 V SHDN = 0 or 15V, TA = 0°C to +85°C -1 V +0.1 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX8718/MAX8719 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX8718/MAX8719 High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Circuit of Figure 1 VIN = 15V, IOUT = 5µA, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 4) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP 4 MAX UNITS Input Voltage Range VIN 28 V Supply Current (MAX8718) IIN SHDN = IN, VIN = 6V to 28V 25 µA Supply Current (MAX8719) IIN SHDN = IN, VIN = 6V to 28V 25 µA 5 µA SHDN = 0V 3 µA OUT Minimum Load Current Shutdown Supply Current VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 5µA to 100mA, 5/3 = GND 3.10 3.48 OUT Output Voltage (MAX8718) V VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 5µA to 100mA, 5/3 = OUT 4.72 5.25 FB = OUT, VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 1mA 1.215 1.265 VFB FB = OUT, VIN = 6V to 28V, ILOAD = 5µA to 100mA (Note 2) 1.18 1.28 FB Input Current (MAX8719) IFB VFB = 1.3V -40 +40 5/3 Input Current (MAX8718) I5/3 V5/3 = 5V -30 +30 nA 560 mV 375 mA FB Threshold (MAX8719) Dropout Voltage Output Current Limit Capacitive Load Requirements VDROPOUT ILOAD = 100mA (Note 3) ILIM VOUT = 0, VIN = 6V 125 MAX8718 0.16 MAX8719 0.23 Startup Time Response Rising edge of IN or SHDN to OUT within spec limits, COUT = 10µF, RLOAD = 500Ω, VOUT = 5V VCC Threshold (MAX8718) -40°C < TA < +85°C, rising edge only VCC Threshold (MAX8719) -40°C < TA < +85°C, rising edge only PGOOD Active-Timeout Period PGOOD Output Low Voltage SHDN Input Bias Current µF/mA ms 0.85 × VOUT 0.95 × VOUT V 0.85 × VFB 0.95 × VFB V 100 300 ms ISINK = 1.6mA, VCC = GND 0.3 V 0.25 V 1.4 V SHDN = 0 or 15V, TA = -40°C to +85°C nA 1 SHDN Input Low Voltage SHDN Input High Voltage V -1 V +1 µA Note 1: Limits are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using standard quality control (SQC) methods. Note 2: Pulse test at VIN = 28V, IOUT = 100mA to avoid exceeding package power-dissipation limits. Note 3: Dropout voltage is tested by reducing the input voltage until VOUT drops to 100mV below its nominal value as measured with VIN starting 2V above VOUT. Note 4: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design, not production tested. 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers GROUND CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE AT VARIOUS LOADS 80.0 60.0 POWER-DISSIPATION LIMIT REGION 40.0 110mA 9.0 70mA 6.0 30mA TA = +85°C 18.5 10mA 3.0 18.0 17.5 TA = +25°C 17.0 16.5 16.0 TA = -40°C 15.5 0 15.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 20 25 5 30 SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 18.0 -70 17.5 17.0 16.5 16.0 -60 -50 -40 -30 -10 10mA LOAD CURRENT 0 15.0 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 -20 15.5 TA = +25°C 25 RIPPLE REJECTION vs. FREQUENCY RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 1.0 VIN = 15V 18.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 1.2 20 -80 MAX8718/9 toc05 1.4 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 19.0 MAX8718/19 toc04 1.6 2 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) MAX8718/19 toc06 0 SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) MAX8718/19 toc02 150mA 12.0 20.0 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 19.0 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) 100.0 15.0 GROUND CURRENT (mA) MAX8718/19 toc01 120.0 MAX8718/9 toc03 SAFE LOAD-CURRENT OPERATING AREA vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 30 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.01 0.1 TEMPERATURE (°C) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX8718/9 toc07 MAX8718/9 toc08 VOUT 200mV/div AC-COUPLED VOUT 100mV/div +20V VIN +10V IOUT 100mA/div CIN = 10µF, COUT = 10µF 200µs/div 100µs/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX8718/MAX8719 Typical Operating Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 1. VIN = 15V, VOUT = 3.3V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (Circuit of Figure 1. VIN = 15V, VOUT = 3.3V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) DROPOUT SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE TIME TO EXIT SHUTDOWN MAX8718/9 toc09 VOUT 0V SHDN 5V/div VIN = 15V 140 MAX8718/19 toc10 DROPOUT SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 160 +5V TA = +85°C 120 TA = +25°C 100 80 60 TA = -40°C 40 20 0 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 100µs/div SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT PGOOD TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX8718/9 toc12 MAX8718/9 toc11 350 300 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) +5V 250 VCC 200 0V 150 +5V 100 PGOOD 50 0 0V 0 40ms/div 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) PGOOD ACTIVE-TIMEOUT PERIOD vs. TEMPERATURE MAX8718/9 toc13 180 PGOOD ACTIVE-TIMEOUT PERIOD (ms) MAX8718/MAX8719 High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers 175 170 165 160 155 150 -40 6 -20 0 20 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 100 _______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers PIN NAME MAX8718 MAX8719 1 1 IN 2 2 GND FUNCTION Positive Supply Input. Connect to a +4V to +28V supply. Ground 3 — 5/3 Preset Output-Voltage Select Input. Connect 5/3 to GND for 3.3V output, or to OUT for 5V output. — 3 FB Feedback Input. Regulates to 1.24V nominally. 4 4 VCC PGOOD Sense Input 5 5 PGOOD Power-Good Output 6 6 SHDN 7 7 I.C. Internal Connection. This pin is internally connected for test purposes; leave it unconnected in the application. 8 8 OUT 100mA Regulator Output 1µF OUTPUT 3.3V OUT IN 6V TO 28V Shutdown Control Input SHDN 10µF VCC 100kΩ OUTPUT VCC 6V TO 28V 1µF SHDN MAX8718 10µF 100kΩ MAX8719 PGOOD I.C. OUT IN PGOOD PGOOD PGOOD I.C. R1 5/3 GND Figure 1. Typical Operating Circuit of the MAX8718 Detailed Description The MAX8718/MAX8719 low-quiescent-current linear regulators are designed primarily for high-input-voltage applications. The MAX8718 supplies a preselected 3.3V or 5.0V output for loads up to 100mA (Figure 1). The MAX8719 provides an adjustable voltage from 1.24V to 28V (Figure 2). The maximum output current is a function of the package’s maximum power dissipation for a given temperature. A 5µA load is required to maintain output regulation. The MAX8718’s output voltage is fed back through an internal resistive voltage-divider connected to OUT. Set the output voltage to either 5.0V or 3.3V with the 5/3 FB GND R2 Figure 2. Typical Operating Circuit of the MAX8719 pin. Select the 5V output by connecting 5/3 to OUT, or the 3.3V output by connecting 5/3 to GND. The MAX8719’s output is adjustable with an external resistive voltage-divider. The typical feedback threshold is 1.24V (see the Setting the MAX8719 Output Voltage section). See Figure 3 for the MAX8718/ MAX8719 Functional Diagram. Shutdown The device enters shutdown mode when SHDN is low. In shutdown mode, the internal pnp power transistor, control circuit, reference, and all biases turn off, reducing the supply current to below 3µA. Connect SHDN to IN for automatic startup. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX8718/MAX8719 Pin Description MAX8718/MAX8719 High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers IN MAX8718 MAX8719 REF SHDN BIAS OUT CURRENT LIMIT THERMAL SHUTDOWN FB (MAX8719) 5/3 (MAX8718) GND PGOOD VCC DELAY THRESHOLD Figure 3. MAX8718/MAX8719 Functional Diagram Current Limit Output current is limited to 210mA (typ). The current limit exceeds the 100mA (min) safe operating limit. The output can be shorted to ground for 30 seconds without damaging the part. Thermal-Overload Protection When the junction temperature exceeds TJ = +165°C, an internal thermal sensor sends a signal to the shutdown logic, turning off the pass transistor and allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor turns the pass tran8 sistor on again after the IC’s junction temperature cools by 20°C (typ), causing the output to pulse on and off during continuous thermal-overload conditions. Operating Region and Power Dissipation Maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the case and circuit board, the temperature difference between the die junction and ambient air, and the rate of airflow. The device’s power dissipation is P = IOUT x (VIN - VOUT). The power dissipation at +70°C ambient is 1951mW (see the Absolute Maximum _______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers GND CIN COUT VIN 1 8 2 7 3 MAX8718 MAX8719 4 VOUT 6 5 Figure 4. Layout of High-Current Paths Ratings). The thermal resistance junction-to-case of the TDFN package is 41°C/W, and the maximum safe junction temperature is +150°C. The GND pin and backside pad performs the dual function of providing an electrical connection to ground and channeling heat away from the package. Connect GND and the backside pad to ground using a metal trace or ground plane. The package’s overall thermal resistance varies inversely with the copper PC board area attached to the part. To achieve rated thermal resistance, a copper region of at least 650mm2 should be attached to the MAX8718/MAX8719s’ case. Applications Information Setting the MAX8719’s Output Voltage Set the MAX8719’s output voltage with a resistive voltage-divider (R1 and R2 in Figure 3). Choose R2 = 125kΩ or less to maintain a 10µA minimum load on OUT. Calculate R1 using the following equation: ⎛V ⎞ R1 = R2 × ⎜ OUT − 1⎟ ⎝ VFB ⎠ where VFB = 1.24V (typ). Capacitor Selection Use a 0.1µF (min) capacitor on the input. Higher values improve the line-transient response. Use a 1µF (min) capacitor on the output, or a 15µF capacitor for the full 100mA load current. Otherwise, use a 1µF plus 0.16µF/mA (0.23µF/mA for the MAX8719). For output voltages less than 3.3V, use 15µF instead of 10µF. The output capacitor’s equivalent series resistance (ESR) must be less than 1Ω for stable operation. Output-Voltage Noise The MAX8718/MAX8719 typically exhibit 5mV P-P of noise during normal operation. This is negligible in Transient Response The Typical Operating Characteristics show the MAX8718/MAX8719s’ load-transient response. When a step-in load current is applied, there are two components to the regulator’s response. There is an instantaneous step in the output voltage due to the output capacitor’s ESR and the regulator’s finite output impedance. The second, slower component is the regulator’s active correction to the output voltage. Typical step changes in the OUT load current from 10mA to 20mA produce 20mV transients. Power-Good Output (PGOOD) The MAX8718/MAX8719 include an independent power-good monitor. This circuit has an uncommitted sense input (VCC) that can be connected to the regulator’s output or similar voltage. In the MAX8718, the comparator threshold tracks the output set point according to the state of 5/3. In the MAX8719, the comparator threshold is set to the feedback reference voltage. The PGOOD output goes high when V CC is greater than -10% of the regulation set point. There is a fixed 100ms (min) delay when the output goes into regulation, which helps ensure proper output-voltage settling. The PGOOD delay when transitioning out of regulation is much faster, 4.5µs (typ), which permits the system to respond as fast as possible to the out-of-regulation condition. The power-good monitor has an open-drain output, which can be externally pulled up to OUT. The voltage rating for PGOOD is 28V. Layout Guidelines Good layout is important to minimize the effects of noise and ensure accurate voltage regulation. Use appropriate trace widths for the high-current paths and keep traces short to minimize parasitic inductance and capacitance. Figure 4 shows a layout of the high-current paths. Place bypass capacitors close to the IN and OUT pins. When using the MAX8719, the feedback resistors should be placed close to the device to avoid voltage drops on ground that may shift the output voltage. Connect the exposed backside paddle to as large a copper area as practical. Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 1298 PROCESS: BiCMOS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX8718/MAX8719 most applications. In applications that include analogto-digital converters (ADCs) of more than 12 bits, consider the ADC’s power-supply rejection specifications. Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.) 6, 8, &10L, DFN THIN.EPS MAX8718/MAX8719 High-Voltage, Low-Power Linear Regulators for Notebook Computers D N PIN 1 INDEX AREA E E2 DETAIL A CL CL L A L e e PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6, 8, 10 & 14L, TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm 21-0137 NUMBER OF LEADS SHOWN ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY F 1 2 COMMON DIMENSIONS SYMBOL A MIN. 0.70 0.80 D 2.90 3.10 E 2.90 3.10 0.00 0.05 A1 L k MAX. 0.40 0.20 0.25 MIN. A2 0.20 REF. PACKAGE VARIATIONS PKG. CODE N D2 E2 e JEDEC SPEC b T633-1 6 1.50±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.95 BSC MO229 / WEEA 0.40±0.05 1.90 REF T833-1 8 1.50±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.65 BSC MO229 / WEEC 0.30±0.05 1.95 REF 2.00 REF [(N/2)-1] x e T1033-1 10 1.50±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.50 BSC MO229 / WEED-3 0.25±0.05 T1433-1 14 1.70±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.40 BSC ---- 0.20±0.03 2.40 REF T1433-2 14 1.70±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.40 BSC ---- 0.20±0.03 2.40 REF PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6, 8, 10 & 14L, TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm 21-0137 F 2 2 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 10 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2004 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.