MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder Features 144bit EEPROM code Very small size 125kHz Read/Write Transponder Very Big reading range, and large write range. EEPROM programmable Configuration word for different encoding and data rate options 80pF integrated tuning capacitance 100,000 write cycle, 10 year EEPROM retention Single command programming with integrity check. Dimensioned for ISO-chipcard, without need for tag module. Conceived for use and without Goldbumps - Applications Animal ID (ISO 11784/-85 compliant), Access Control, Juke box logistics control, Material Logistics, Production Flow Control. Ordering Information Part No. MLX90110 Temperature Ranges 25 °C Consumer -40 to 85 °C Automotive Delivery form Sawed wafer on frame Bare die in blistertape SOIC-8 150mils Production parts available Q2 2001 Functional Diagram MLX90110 Coil L Ctune GND MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Description The MLX90110 is a 128bit Read Write and OTP transponder operating at 125kHz. It has been designed as a low cost read write solution for applications which don't require high flexibility in terms of write range, like in production environments. Clock and power supply are taken from the electromagnetic field. A resistor is switched in parallel to the resonant circuit formed by the integrated tuning capacitor (80pF) and the external coil to amplitude modulate the electromagnetic field. No external components are needed except for the antenna coil. The EEPROM is configured as 9 words of 16 bits. Words 1 to 8 form the ID and are continuously read out during normal operation. The transponder can be configured for Manchester or Biphase encoding, at 2 or 4 kBaud by programming the corresponding bits in the 9th EEPROM word. th By setting 2 other bits in the 9 word, the transponder memory can be partially or completely locked. In the latter case it becomes a Read Only transponder. In the first mode words 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 can be rewritten with password access. Page 1 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder MLX90110 Electrical Specifications Operating Parameters are based on test set up (see Schematic below). Toper = -40°C to 85°C, Operating frequency = 120kHz (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units Regulated supply voltage VDD (3) 3.0 Power On Level VPOR Continuous normal reading of the ID 1.55 1.8 Sensitivity level Vacsens Continuous normal reading of the ID 200 170 Weak power: Vacmin = 200mVpp 0.3 4 V Medium power: Vac = 5Vpp 2.8 7.5 V 5 10 V Transponder Modulation Depth High power: Vac = 20Vpp High Programmation voltage Vacprh Low Programmation voltage Vacprl EEPROM writing supply current Iee EEPROM data retention Tret Critical reading ID 10 EEPROM write cycles Ncycle Critical reading ID 100k Coil-GND tune capacitor DC input current clamping 4.0 V 2.2 V mV (4) 5 V (4) 2.5 10 Toper=25oC 77 IclampLow VdutDC = +/- 2V µA year cycles 80 83 40 IclampHigh VdutDC = +/- 10V 1 V (4) pF 1000 nA 3.5 10 mA Notes: Note (1): All specification values are characterized and tested 100%, or guaranteed by design. Note (2): All specifications are valid for Manchester and Biphase encoding, and for 2kbaud and 4kbaud data rate options. Note (3): Maximum supply voltage is generated by forcing 10mA between coil and ground pin. 50 Vin Vac L=6.8mH Cpar=10pF Qrc @ 120KHz=48.8 C1+C2=250pF Vdut COIL C1 C2 90110 DUT GND Note (4): For the test setup, AC generator voltages are equivalent to following voltages on the coil: see graph (to be added). MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Page 2 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder Block diagram RF Limiter Modulator COIL Ctune VDD VDD Cbuffer M O D POR SPEED CLOCK RECOVERY CLOCK ADDR DATA DEMODUL. SUPPLY VSS Digital Controller EEPRO M DATA VDD WP = 1 WP = 0, RW= 1 WP = RW = 0 FUNCTION ADDRESS EEPROM memory map BITPOSITION (MSB first) F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 RO 1 RW 5 6 RW 4 ID 3 RO 2 MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder X X X X X X X X X X X X RW WP CODE SPEED - (RW) 8 Options 7 Page 3 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder General Description Demodulator The MLX90110 is a 128bit Read Write transponder IC for fixed distance writing. The integrated tune capacitance and the external coil form a resonant LC antenna that absorbs part of the electromagnetic energy radiated by the transceiver LC antenna. Physically, a magnetic coupling occurs between the transceiver, also referred to as "reader", and transponder antennas. To amplitude modulate (AM) the RF carrier, the transponder damps the electromagnetic field by switching a resistor in parallel with its coil. This way the transponder repetitively transmits its 128bit-identification code (ID) to the transceiver, which recovers the envelope of the damped field, and decodes the ID. The transceiver can send commands and data to the transponder by modulating the amplitude of the carrier. If the external RF field is AM modulated according to the asynchronous control pattern (ACP, see below), the transponder stops transmitting the 128bit ID and enters the Program Mode. Each bit period a sample is taken. The transponder synchronizes on the first bit (startbit) of each new word that is transmitted. The high and low programmation levels (Vacpr) have to be applied in order for the transponder to detect the ACP and recover the data, which are sent to tag during a programmation cycle. For this reason the transponder can only be programmed at a certain distance which is defined by the system parameters, taken Vacpr into account. POR level When the transponder is placed in an external radio frequency (RF) field of appropriate frequency and amplitude, the internal power supply (VDD) can build up as charge on the integrated buffer capacitance. The modulation resistor is switched on and off as soon as VDD has reached the Power On Reset (POR) level. When the modulation resistor is switched on, the LC circuit is no longer tuned, therefore no energy is taken from the field, and VDD drops due to internal consumption. Hence, by switching the modulation resistor on and off, it is possible to oscillate around the POR level. This phenomenon is referred to as hiccuping. The modulation resistor is switched off when the transponder drops below the POR level. Sensitivity level The minimum electromagnetic force (e.m.f.) needed to avoid hiccuping is defined by Vacsens. At this level the power supply will not drop below the POR level while the modulation resistance is switched on during modulation. RF limiter, or clamping The build up of voltage on the resonant LC circuit is limited to avoid damaging the internal circuit. This causes the transponder Q to drop at higher fields. Modulator The modulator consists of a modulation resistor that is switched in parallel with the resonant LC circuit (antenna). Because in weak RF fields the rising edge is much slower than the falling edge of the envelope, a symmetrically driven modulator would give an asymmetrical envelope. This is anticipated by delaying each falling edge by a fixed number of RF clock pulses. The modulator is hence driven asymmetrical. Each ON state is reduced by 8 (4) clocks in 2 (4) kBaud mode, and each OFF state is prolonged by the same amount. Speed Total clocks per Bit Clocks ‘ON’ state Clocks ‘OFF’ state 2kbaud Long ON = 64 - 8 Long ON = 64 + 8 Short ON = 32 - 8 Short ON = 32 + 8 Long ON = 32 – 4 Long ON = 32 + 4 Short ON = 16 – 4 Short ON = 16 + 4 4kbaud 64 32 Clock recovery The transponder takes its clock from the carrier frequency. Depending on the speed option, the carrier frequency is divided by 32(4kbaud), 64(2kbaud) to generate the bit rate. MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Page 4 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder EEPROM Memory organization OPERATING MODES The EEPROM memory is arranged as 9 words of 16 bits each (see memory map above). Each one of these words is individually programmable. After Power up reset (POR) the device starts to amplitude modulate (AM) the electro magnetic field. The modulation sequence is based on the data stored in the EEPROM, using normal EEPROM read out levels (compared with critical read mode below). The behavior of the transponder is fixed at POR, depending on the options set in the configuration word. To change this behavior the configuration word has to be rewritten, and the tag has to be removed from the field to allow a new POR sequence. IDENTIFICATION WORDS (Addresses #0 to #7) The first 8 words hold the 128bits identification code (ID). CONFIGURATION WORD (Address #8) The 9th word contains: • SPEED (bit 0:LSB) Speed bit defines the internal clock extraction: set to 1 for divided by 32, set to 0 for divided by 64. • CODE (bit 1) Code bit defines if the ID will be encoded in Manchester (set to 1) or Biphase (set to 0) amplitude modulation scheme. • WP (bit 2) The Write Protect bit locks the complete EEPROM, including the configuration bits (SPEED, CODE). See Read Only Operating Mode • RW (bit 3) The Read Write bit locks only the first 4 words, and write access is password protected. See Protect Write Operating Mode. If WP=1, the value is not relevant (don't care). • All remaining bits are not used (don't care). SPEED CLOCK BAUD RATE 0 Freq/64 2kbaud 1 Freq/32 4kbaud CODE ENCODING 0 Biphase 1 Manchester MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Depending on the configuration bits WP and RW 3 basic operating modes are possible: OPERATING MODE WP RW Unprotected Write 0 0 Protected Write 0 1 Read Only 1 x Write Modes (WP=0) When the Write Protect bit has not yet been set (WP=0), the MLX90110 will stop modulating and enter the program mode when the external field is Amplitude Modulated with an Asynchronous Control Pattern (ACP, specified below). PROGRAM MODE: When the MLX90110 has detected an ACP the address counter is reset (=0), and the transponder waits for a start bit (SB) during a Watchdog Delay period (TWD) to synchronize with the rest of the data stream. The data are not encoded: a field strength higher than Vacprh is interpreted as a 1, and below Vacprl as a 0. Each programmation cycle consists of a SB and the 16bit data, which are sent by the reader, and a fixed time to allow the transponder to erase and write the EEPROM word. During this time, the field must be at Vacprh to guarantee a good quality of programmation. The next address is calculated by incrementing the address counter, and the next programmation cycle can follow. Until the ninth word has been received the transponder resets the watchdog after each programmation cycle, and waits for the next SB to resynchronize. After receiving the ninth word, the transponder leaves the program mode. It is possible to leave the program mode before, when a time out occurs whilst waiting for the SB. Page 5 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder When the transponder leaves the program mode it enters the critical read mode when the address counter is set to 4 or more. When a timeout occurs before finishing to write the 4th word the transponder returns to the corresponding write mode, and waits for a new ACP. CRITICAL READ MODE: In the 'critical' read mode, all 9 words are alternately read at the 2 extremes of the EEPROM reading window. When both readings are identical, the data retention is guaranteed as specified (Tret, Ncyc). If the two critical readings show a difference, the device has been programmed marginally. It should then be reprogrammed. (TIP: Critical read failures can only occur when the magnetic field strength is not kept constant at Vacprh during the erase and write period after the data have been sent to the transponder.) The critical read latch is set after setting the address counter to 4 (this is the address of word 5). The latch can only be reset by removing the transponder from the field. by a SB, for instance when the transponder is removed from the field. A password cycle is a programmation cycle in which the 16bits sent by the reader should match the data stored in the corresponding word of the transponder. The word is not erased and rewritten. Remark that it is possible to program only one or a few words by taking advantage of the timeout option in the programming cycle. READ ONLY Mode (WP=1, RW=x) If the Write Protect bit is set (WP=1), the device will not react to any modulation on the reader antenna. It behaves like a regular Read Only (RO) transponder, by continuously transmitting its ID: 128bit from the first 8 words. The MLX90110 has 2 different Write modes, for which the same program and critical read modes are applicable. UNPROTECTED WRITE mode (WP=0,RW=0) The unprotected Write mode, is a Write mode in which all 9 words can be programmed. In normal (after POR) read mode all 9 words are transmitted. When the transponder detects the ACP it enters program mode, without password protection. The first SB will start the programmation cycle of the first word, etc. PROTECTED WRITE mode (WP=0, RW=1) The Protected Write mode, is a Write mode in which only words 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the ID and the configuration word 9 can be rewritten. After POR the 8 words from the ID are transmitted. Therefore it can be used together with Transponders which have been set to Read Only mode. When the transponder detects the ACP it enters program mode, with password protection. The transponder will use its first 4 words as a password. This avoids any hazardous erase, by an occasional fluctuation of the external field, which could be interpreted as an ACP followed MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Page 6 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder The transponder samples the field strength once per bit. An edge will be detected correctly if the tag has sampled at least 2 consecutive values on one level, and then at least 2 values at the other level. Therefore, Tas should be longer than 2 bit, to guarantee that the transition will be correctly detected. The four transitions should be completed in timeout of 16 periods (TACP). 3 Timing specification 3.1 Asynchronous Control Pattern The ACP is a pattern send by the reader to the transponder without any synchronization. It signals the transponder to stop transmitting and listen for a programming sequence. The control pattern is based on the detection of 4 transitions between high field strength (FHIGH or Vacprh) and low field strength (FLOW or Vacprl). After the control pattern has been successfully detected, the transponder stops modulating. Before starting the ACP, the field must be stable at FHIGH for at least 2 bit periods (Tas). Right after the last ACP transition, there is an additional delay equal to Tas before the transponder resets the watchdog counter (TWD). During this delay the Field can be put back to high to optimise operating distance. If the startbit is not detected within 16 periods (TWD) after TACP a time out will occur. See operating modes to see correct flow at time out. 3.2 Other timings The startbit is followed by a 16bit word, which will be programmed at the address defined by the address counter. This counter is reset when the ACP is received. It increments after each new word. The other timings can be calculated based on the formulas below. Data send to transponder TACP TWD SB Treceive Terase Twrite TWD SB Treceive Terase Twrite ≤ 16 ≤ 16 1 16 16 16 ≤ 16 1 16 16 16 Start bit RECEIVE ERASE WRITE Watchdog RECEIVE WRITE ERASE detection DATA WORD WORD time out New startbit DATA WORD WORD Transponder mode/operations Normal Stop modultion Read MLX90110 Timing Specifications (carrier: Freq=125kHz, Tclk=8µ s) Speed Bit period TWD / Tsend Terase/ Twrite Tclk Tclk*1024 Tclk*1024 Freq/64 (2kbaud) 0.512ms 8.912ms 8.912ms Freq/32 (4kbaud) 0.256ms 4.096ms 4.096ms Tas ACP pattern Twd start bit FHIGH FLOW Tas MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Tas Tas Tas Page 7 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder Data encoding schemes Manchester For a “1” bit, there is a transition from 0 to 1 in the middle of the bit period. Reciprocal, for a “0” logic bit there is a transition from 1 to 0 in the middle of the bit period. Biphase At the beginning of each bit, a transition will occur. A logic bit “1” will keep its state for the whole bit duration and a logic bit “0” will show a transition in the middle of the bit duration. Manchester Code Binary Data X 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 X 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 Memory Output Modulation Output Biphase Code Binary Data Memory Output Modulation Output Flow Chart. Upon entering the RF field, the transponder "sees" increasing amplitude of the voltage between COIL and GND pins. It passes through a POR sequence. Depending on the configuration bits it will enter the appropriate mode. MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Page 8 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder POR WP=0? No Read Only Mode Yes RW=0? No Yes Unprotected Write Mode Protected Write Mode No Yes Ÿ Ÿ ACP detected? ACP detected? Yes Yes Ÿ Ÿ Stop modulating Reset address counter Stop modulating Reset address counter No Time out? No No Receive words 1 to 4 Receive words 1 to 4 Time out? Yes No Set Critical Read latch Yes Password check OK? Write address 4 to 8 Yes Password check OK? No Timeout, OR address counter > 8? No Yes Time out? No Yes Critical Read, Protected Write Receive words 1 to 4 ACP detected? Yes Ÿ Ÿ Stop modulating Reset address counter No MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Page 9 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000 MLX90110 128bit OTP/RW Transponder Unique Features • Pinout Flexible configuration. Simple fast programming. State of the art reading distance. Ideal for flexible stock management of RO devices, Animal ID, ... Designed to be used in ISO Smart cards, without need for costly tag modules. Pin Name Function 1 COIL Coil connection 1 4,5,8 VSS Coil connection 2 / ground connection Other pins are not connected.. Cross Reference This product can replace any AM modulating OTP transponder in the 120kHz range. It extends the flexibility of a RO transponder, and offers the cheapest solution for a Read Write transponder, which needs to be programmed only once. COIL 1 8 VSS NC 2 7 NC NC 3 6 NC VSS 4 5 VSS MLX 90110 • • • • Chip dimensions Absolute Maximum Ratings -0.7 to 7V Maximum current forced between coil and ground pin (Icoilmax) + / - 30mA Operating Frequency (Freq) 60 to 150kHz Normal Operating Temperature (Toper) -40 to 85°C Maximum Storage Temperature in SO8 (Tstore) -55 to 125°C Electrostatic discharge (HBM) on coil pin (Vesdcoil) 500V Electrostatic discharge (HBM) on other pins (Vesd) 1500V 315um 200um 600um 200um 1670 +/- 15um Maximum Power Supply (VDDmax) 130 um Total area = 2.45mm2. Maximum storage light flux (EEPROM erase) Maximum operating light flux 1470um +/- 15um ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. Bump High : 25um +/- 5um IC Thickness : 280um +/- 25um Disclaimer Melexis reserves the right to periodically make modifications to product specifications. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Melexis assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. MLX90110 128bit MTP Transponder Page 10 of 10 Rev 1.14 1-Dec-2000