MITSUBISHI PM75RSA060

MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
6.0 Introduction to Intelligent
Power Modules (IPM)
Mitsubishi Intelligent Power Modules (IPMs) are advanced hybrid
power devices that combine high
speed, low loss IGBTs with optimized gate drive and protection circuitry. Highly effective over-current
and short-circuit protection is realized through the use of advanced
current sense IGBT chips that allow continuous monitoring of power
device current. System reliability is
further enhanced by the IPM’s integrated over temperature and under
voltage lock out protection. Compact, automatically assembled Intelligent Power Modules are designed to reduce system size, cost,
and time to market. Mitsubishi
Electric introduced the first full line
of Intelligent Power Modules in November, 1991. Continuous improvements in power chip, packaging, and control circuit technology
have lead to the IPM lineup shown
in Table 6.1.
6.0.1 Third Generation Intelligent Power Modules
Mitsubishi third generation intelligent power module family shown in
Table 6.1 represents the industries
most complete line of IPMs. Since
their original introduction in 1993
the series has been expanded to
include 36 types with ratings ranging from 10A 600V to 800A 1200V.
The power semiconductors used in
these modules are based on the
field proven H-Series IGBT and diode processes. In Table 6.1 the
third generation family has been divided into two groups, the “Low
Profile Series” and “High Power
Series” based on the packaging
technology that is used. The third
generation IPM has been optimized
for minimum switching losses in order to meet industry demands for
acoustically noiseless inverters
with carrier frequencies up to
20kHz. The built in gate drive and
protection has been carefully designed to minimize the components
required for the user supplied interface circuit.
6.0.2 V-Series High Power IPMs
The V-Series IPM was developed
in order to address newly emerging
industry requirements for higher reliability, lower cost and reduced
EMI. By utilizing the low inductance
packaging technology developed
for the U-Series IGBT module (described in Section 4.1.5) combined
with an advanced super soft freewheel diode and optimized gate
drive and protection circuits the VSeries IPM family achieves improved performance at reduced
cost. The detailed descriptions of
IPM operation and interface requirements presented in Sections
6.1 through 6.8 apply to V-Series
as well as third generation IPMs.
The only exception being that VSeries IPMs have a unified short
circuit protection function that takes
the place of the separate short circuit and over current functions described in Sections 6.4.4 and 6.4.5.
The unified protection was made
Table 6.1 Mitsubishi Intelligent Power Modules
Type Number
Amps Power Circuit
Third Generation Low Profile Series - 600V
PM10CSJ060
10 Six IGBTs
PM15CSJ060
15 Six IGBTs
PM20CSJ060
20 Six IGBTs
PM30CSJ060
30 Six IGBTs
PM50RSK060
50 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM75RSK060
75 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
Third Generation Low Profile Series - 1200V
PM10CZF120
10 Six IGBTs
PM10RSH120 10 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM15CZF120
15 Six IGBTs
PM15RSH120 15 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM25RSK120
25 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
Third Generation High Power Series - 600V
PM75RSA060
75 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM100CSA060 100 Six IGBTs
PM100RSA060 100 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM150CSA060 150 Six IGBTs
PM150RSA060 150 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM200CSA060 200 Six IGBTs
PM200RSA060 200 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM200DSA060 200 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM300DSA060 300 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM400DAS060 400 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM600DSA060 600 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM800HSA060 800 One IGBT
Type Number
Amps Power Circuit
Third Generation High Power Series - 1200V
PM25RSB120
25 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM50RSA120
50 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM75CSA120
75 Six IGBTs
PM75DSA120
75 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM100CSA120 100 Six IGBTs
PM100DSA120 100 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM150DSA120 150 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM200DSA120 200 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM300DSA120 300 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM400HSA120 400 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM600HSA120 600 One IGBT
PM800HSA120 800 One IGBT
V-Series High Power - 600V
PM75RVA060
75 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM100CVA060 100 Six IGBTs
PM150CVA060 150 Six IGBTs
PM200CVA060 200 Six IGBTs
PM300CVA060 300 Six IGBTs
PM400DVA060 400 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM600DVA060 600 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
V-Series High Power - 1200V
PM50RVA120
50 Six IGBTs + Brake ckt.
PM75CVA120
75 Six IGBTs
PM100CVA120 100 Six IGBTs
PM150CVA120 150 Six IGBTs
PM200DVA120 200 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
PM300DVA120 300 Two IGBTs: Half Bridge
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
possible by an advanced RTC
(Real Time Control) current clamping circuit that eliminates the need
for the over current protection function. In V-Series IPMs a unified
short circuit protection with a delay
to avoid unwanted operation replaces the over current and short
circuit modes of the third generation devices.
chips and gate control circuit components are soldered directly to the
substrate eliminating the need for a
separate printed circuit board and
ceramic isolation materials. Modules constructed using this technique are easily identified by their
Figure 6.1
Power Circuit
Configuration
Figure 6.2
TYPE C
6.1 Structure of Intelligent
Power Modules
extremely low profile packages.
This package design is ideally
suited for consumer and industrial
applications where low cost and
compact size are important.
Figure 6.2 shows a cross section
of this type of IPM package. Figure
6.3 is a PM20CSJ060 20A, 600V
IPM.
Multi-Layer Epoxy
Construction
P
3
2
Mitsubishi Intelligent Power Modules utilize many of the same field
proven module packaging technologies used in Mitsubishi IGBT
modules. Cost effective implementation of the built in gate drive and
protection circuits over a wide
range of current ratings was
achieved using two different packaging techniques. Low power devices use a multilayer epoxy isolation system while medium and high
power devices use ceramic isolation. These packaging technologies
are described in more detail in Sections 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. IPM are
available in four power circuit configurations, single (H), dual (D), six
pack (C), and seven pack (R).
Table 6.1 indicates the power circuit of each IPM and Figure 6.1
shows the power circuit configurations.
4
1
U
V
5
W
6
7
N
TYPE R
P
B
U
V
W
8
9
11
10
1. Case
2. Epoxy Resin
3. Input Signal Terminal
4. SMT Resistor
5. Gate Control IC
6. SMT Capacitor
7. IGBT Chip
8. Free-wheel Diode Chip
9. Bond Wire
10. Copper Block
11. Baseplate with Epoxy
Based Isolation
Figure 6.3
PM20CSJ060
N
TYPE D
TYPE H
C1
C
6.1.1 Multilayer Epoxy Construction
Low power IPM (10-50A, 600V and
10-15A, 1200V) use a multilayer
epoxy based isolation system. In
this system, alternate layers of copper and epoxy are used to create a
shielded printed circuit directly on
the aluminum base plate. Power
C2E1
E
E2
Sep.1998
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6.1.2 Ceramic Isolation Construction
Higher power IPMs are constructed
using ceramic isolation material. A
direct bond copper process in
which copper patterns are bonded
directly to the ceramic substrate
without the use of solder is used in
these modules. This substrate provides the improved thermal characteristics and greater current carrying capabilities that are needed in
these higher power devices. Gate
drive and control circuits are contained on a separate PCB mounted
directly above the power devices.
The PCB is a multilayer construction with special shield layers for
EMI noise immunity. Figure 6.4
shows the structure of a ceramic
isolated Intelligent Power Module.
Figure 6.5 is a PM75RSA060 75 A,
600V IPM.
Figure 6.4 Ceramic Isolation Construction
INPUT SIGNAL
TERMINAL
MAIN
TERMINAL
EPOXY
RESIN
GUIDE
PIN
CASE
BASE
PLATE
SILICON GEL
SILICON CHIP
ELECTRODE
DBC PLATE
ALUMINUM WIRE
INTERCONNECT
TERMINAL
CONTROL BOARD
PCB
RESISTOR
SHIELD
LAYER
SHIELD
LAYER
SIGNAL
TRACE
Figure 6.5 PM75RSA060
Sep.1998
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6.1.3 V-Series IPM Construction
V-Series IPMs are similar to the ceramic isolated types described
in Section 6.1.2 except that an insert molded case similar to the
U-Series IGBT is used. Like the
U-Series IGBT described in Section 4.1.5, the V-Series IPM
has lower internal inductance and
improved power cycle durability.
Figure 6.6 is a cross section drawing showing the construction of the
V-Series IPM. The insert molded
case makes the V-Series IPM is
easier to manufacture and lower in
cost. Figure 6.7 shows a
PM150CVA120 which is a 150A
1200V V-Series IPM.
6.1.4 Advantages of Intelligent
Power Module
IPM (Intelligent Power Module)
products were designed and developed to provide advantages to
Customers by reducing design, development, and manufacturing
Figure 6.6
costs as well as providing improvement in system performance and
reliability over conventional IGBTs.
Design and development effort is
simplified and successful drive coordination is assured by the integration of the drive and protection
circuitry directly into the IPM. Reduced time to market is only one of
the additional benefits of using an
IPM. Others include increased system reliability through automated
IPM assembly and test and reduction in the number of components
that must be purchased, stored,
and assembled. Often the system
size can be reduced through
smaller heatsink requirements as a
result of lower on-state and switching losses. All IPMs use the same
standardized gate control interface
with logic level control circuits allowing extension of the product line
without additional drive circuit design. Finally, the ability of the IPM
to self protect in fault situations reduce the chance of device destruction during development testing as
well as in field stress situations.
V-Series IPM Construction
6.2 IPM Ratings and Characteristics
IPM datasheets are divided into
three sections:
•
•
•
Maximum Ratings
Characteristics (electrical,
thermal, mechanical)
Recommended Operating
Conditions
The limits given as maximum rating
must not be exceeded under any
circumstances, otherwise destruction of the IPM may result.
Key parameters needed for system
design are indicated as electrical,
thermal, and mechanical characteristics.
The given recommended operating
conditions and application circuits
should be considered as a preferable design guideline fitting most
applications.
Figure 6.7
SILICONE GEL
PM150CVA120
POWER TERMINALS
SIGNAL TERMINALS
COVER
INSERT MOLD CASE
ALUMINUM
BOND WIRES
PRINTED CIRCUIT
BOARD
BASE PLATE
DBC AIN CERAMIC
SUBSTRATE
SILICON CHIPS
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
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6.2.1 Maximum Ratings
Symbol
Parameter
Definition
VCC
Supply Voltage
Maximum DC bus voltage applied between P-N
VCES
Collector-Emitter Voltage
Maximum off-state collector-emitter voltage at applied control input off signal
±IC
Collector-Current
Maximum DC collector and FWDi current @ Tj ≤ 150°C
±ICP
Collector-Current (peak)
Maximum peak collector and FWDi current @ Tj ≤ 150°C
PC
Collector Dissipation
Maximum power dissipation per IGBT switch at Tj = 25°C
Tj
Junction Temperature
Range of IGBT junction temperature during operation
VR(DC)
FWDi Reverse Voltage
Maximum reverse voltage of FWDi
IF
FWDi Forward Current
Maximum FWDi DC current at Tj ≤ 150°C
Inverter Part
Brake Part
Control Part
VD
Supply Voltage
Maximum control supply voltage
VCIN
Input Voltage
Maximum voltage between input (I) and ground (C) pins
VFO
Fault Output Supply Voltage
Maximum voltage between fault output (FO) and ground (C) pins
IFO
Fault Output Current
Maximum sink current of fault output (FO) pin
VCC(prot)
Supply Voltage Protected
by OC & SC
Maximum DC bus voltage applied between P-N with guaranteed OC and SC protection
TC
Module Case Operating
Temperature
Range of allowable case temperature at specified reference point during operation
Tstg
Storage Temperature
Range of allowable ambient temperature without voltage or current
Viso
Isolation Voltage
Maximum isolation voltage (AC 60Hz 1 min.) between baseplate and module terminals
(all main and signal terminals externally shorted together)
Total System
6.2.2 Thermal Resistance
Symbol
Parameter
Definition
Rth(j-c)
Junction to Case
Thermal Resistance
Maximum value of thermal resistance between junction and case per switch
Rth(c-f)
Contact Thermal
Resistance
Maximum value of thermal resistance between case and fin (heatsink) per IGBT/FWDi pair
with thermal grease applied according to mounting recommendations
6.2.3 Electrical Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Definition
Inverter and Brake Part
VCE(sat)
Collector-Emitter
Saturation Voltage
IGBT on-state voltage at rated collector current under specified conditions
FWDi forward voltage at rated current under specified conditions
VEC
FWDi Forward Voltage
ton
trr
tc(on)
toff
tc(off)
Turn-On Time
FWDi Recovery Time
Turn-On Crossover Time
Turn-Off Time
Turn-Off Crossover Time
ICES
Collector-Emitter Cutoff
Inductive load switching times under rated conditions
(See Figure 6.10)
Collector-Emitter current in off-state at VCE = VCES under specified conditions
Sep.1998
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6.2.3 Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Symbol
Parameter
Definition
Range of allowable control supply voltage in switching operation
Control Part
VD
Supply Voltage
ID
Circuit Current
Control supply current in stand-by mode
VCIN(on)
Input ON-Voltage
A voltage applied between input (I) and ground (C) pins less than this value will turn on the IPM
VCIN(off)
Input OFF-Voltage
A voltage applied between input (I) and ground (C) pins higher than this value will turn off the IPM
fPWM
PWM Input Frequency
Range of PWM frequency for VVVF inverter operations
tdead
Arm Shoot Through
Blocking Time
Time delay required between high and low side input off/on signals to prevent an
arm shoot through
OC
Over-Current Trip Level
Collector that will activate the over-current protection
SC
Short-Circuit Trip Level
Collector current that will activate the short-circuit protection
toff(OC)
Over-Current Delay Time
Time delay after collector current exceeds OC trip level until OC protection is activated
OT
Over-Temperature Trip Level
Baseplate temperature that will activate the over-temperature protection
OTr
Over-Temperature
Reset Level
Temperature that the baseplate must fall below to reset an over-temperature fault
UV
Control Supply
Undervoltage Trip Level
Control supply voltage below this value will activate the undervoltage protection
UVr
Control Supply
Undervoltage Reset Level
Control supply voltage that must exceed to reset an undervoltage fault
IFO(H)
Fault Output Inactive Current
Fault output sink current when no fault has occurred
IFO(L)
Fault Output Active Current
Fault Output sink current when a fault has occurred
tFO
Fault Output Pulsed Width
Duration of the generated fault output pulse
VSXR
SXR Terminal Output Voltage
Regulated power supply voltage on SXR terminal for driving the external optocoupler
6.2.4 Recommended Operation Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Definition
VCC
Main Supply Voltage
Recommended DC bus voltage range
VD
Control Supply Voltage
Recommended control supply voltage range
VCIN(on)
Input ON-Voltage
Recommended input voltage range to turn on the IPM
VCIN(off)
Input OFF-Voltage
Recommended input voltage range to turn off the IPM
fPWM
PWM Input Frequency
Recommended range of PWM carrier frequency using the recommended application circuit
tDEAD
Arm Shoot Through
Blocking Time
Recommended time delay between high and low side off/on signals to the optocouplers
using the recommended application circuit
6.2.5 Test Circuits and Conditions
The following test circuits are used
to evaluate the IPM characteristics.
Figure 6.8 VCE(sat) Test
Figure 6.9 VEC Test
C1(C2)
1. VCE(sat) and VEC
VD
To ensure specified junction
temperature, Tj, measurements
of VCE(sat) and VEC must be
performed as low duty factor
pulsed tests. (See Figures 6.8
and 6.9)
C1(C2)
VX1
VX1
SXR
V
CX1
IC
VD
SXR
V
CX1
IC
VXC
VXC
E1(E2)
E1(E2)
Sep.1998
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2. Half-Bridge Test Circuit and
Switching Time Definitions.
Figure 6.10
Half-Bridge Test Circuit and Switching Time Definitions
Figure 6.10 shows the standard half-bridge test circuit and
switching waveforms. Switching times and FWDi recovery
characteristics are defined as
shown in this figure.
+
INTEGRATED
GATE
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
OFF
SIGNAL
VD
+
+
INTEGRATED
GATE
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
ON
PULSE
VD
VCC
VCE
IC
3. Overcurrent and
Short-Circuit Test
trr
Itrip levels and timing specifications in short circuit and
overcurrent are defined as
shown in Figure 6.11. By using
a fixed load resistance the supply voltage, VCC, is gradually
increased until OC and SC trip
levels are reached.
Irr
90%
90%
10%
10%
tc (on)
IC
tc (off)
ICIN
td (on)
Precautions:
A. Before applying any main bus
voltage, VCC, the input terminals should be pulled up by resistors to their corresponding
control supply (or SXR) pin,
each input signal should be
kept in OFF state, and the control supply should be provided.
After this, the specified ON and
OFF level for each input signal
should be applied. The control
supply should also be applied
to the non-operating arm of the
module under test and inputs
of these arms should be kept
to their OFF state.
B. When performing OC and SC
tests the applied voltage, VCC,
must be less than VCC(prot)
and the turn-off surge voltage
spike must not be allowed to
rise above the VCES rating of
the device. (These tests must
not be attempted using a
curve tracer.)
VCE
IC
tr
(t on = td (on) + tr)
Figure 6.11
td (off)
tf
(t off = td (off) + tf)
Over-Current and Short-Circuit Test Circuit
R*
VCC
+
VC
ON
PULSE
INTEGRATED
GATE
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
IC
* R IS SIZED TO CAUSE
SC AND OC CONDITIONS
INPUT
SIGNAL
ON
PULSE
SC
OC
NORMAL
OPERATION
IC
SC
OC
IC
OVER
CURRENT
toff (OC)
SC
OC
IC
SHORT
CIRCUIT
Sep.1998
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6.3 Area of Safe Operation for
Intelligent Power Modules
The IPMs built-in gate drive and
protection circuits protect it from
many of the operating modes that
would violate the Safe Operation
Area (SOA) of non-intelligent IGBT
modules. A conventional SOA definition that characterizes all possible combinations of voltage, current, and time that would cause
power device failure is not required. In order to define the SOA
for IPMs, the power device capability and control circuit operation
must both be considered. The resulting easy to use short circuit and
switching SOA definitions for Intelligent Power Modules are summarized
in this section.
6.3.1 Switching SOA
Switching or turn-off SOA is normally defined in terms of the maximum allowable simultaneous voltage and current during repetitive
turn-off switching operations. In the
case of the IPM the built-in gate
drive eliminates many of the dangerous combinations of voltage
and current that are caused by improper gate drive. In addition, the
maximum operating current is limited by the over current protection
circuit. Given these constraints the
switching SOA can be defined using the waveform shown in Figure
6.12. This waveform shows that the
IPM will operate safely as long as
the DC bus voltage is below the
data sheet VCC(prot) specification,
the turn-off transient voltage across
C-E terminals of each IPM switch is
maintained below the VCES specification, Tj is less than 125°C, and
the control power supply voltage is
between 13.5V and 16.5V. In this
waveform IOC is the maximum current that the IPM will allow without
causing an Over Current (OC) fault
to occur. In other words, it is just
below the OC trip level. This waveform defines the worst case for
hard turn-off operations because
the IPM will initiate a controlled
slow shutdown for currents higher
than the OC
trip level.
The waveform shown depicts the
controlled slow shutdown that is
used by the IPM in order to help
minimize transient voltages.
Note:
The condition VCE ≤ VCES has to
be carefully checked for each IPM
switch. For easing the design another rating is given on the data
sheets, VCC(surge), i.e., the maximum allowable switching surge
voltage applied between the P and
N terminals.
6.3.3 Active Region SOA
6.3.2 Short Circuit SOA
The waveform in Figure 6.13 depicts typical short circuit operation.
The standard test condition uses a
minimum impedance short circuit
which causes the maximum short
circuit current to flow in the device.
In this test, the short circuit current
(ISC) is limited only by the device
characteristics. The IPM is guaranteed to survive non-repetitive short
circuit and over current conditions
as long as the initial DC bus voltage is less than the VCC(prot)
specification, all transient voltages
across C-E terminals of each IPM
switch are maintained less than the
VCES specification, Tj is less than
125°C, and the control supply voltage is between 13.5V and 16.5V.
Like most IGBTs, the IGBTs used in
the IPM are not suitable for linear
or active region operation. Normally device capabilities in this
mode of operation are described in
terms of FBSOA (Forward Biased
Safe Operating Area). The IPM’s
internal gate drive forces the IGBT
to operate with a gate voltage of either zero for the off state or the
control supply voltage (VD) for the
on state. The IPMs under-voltage
lock out prevents any possibility of
active or linear operation by automatically turning the power device
off if VD drops to a level
that could cause desaturation of
the IGBT.
Figure 6.13
Figure 6.12
IOC
Turn-Off Waveform
≤VCES
Short-Circuit
Operation
≤VCC(PROT)
≤VCES
ISC
≤VCC(PROT)
≤VCES
toff(OC)
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6.4. IPM Self Protection
6.4.1 Self Protection Features
IPM (Intelligent Power Modules)
have sophisticated built-in protection circuits that prevent the power
devices from being damaged
should the system malfunction or
be over stressed. Our design and
applications engineers have developed fault detection and shut down
schemes that allow maximum utilization of power device capability
without compromising reliability.
Control supply under-voltage, overtemperature, over-current, and
short-circuit protection are all provided by the IPM's internal gate
control circuits. A fault output signal
is provided to alert the system controller if any of the protection circuits are activated. Figure 6.14 is a
block diagram showing the IPMs
internally integrated functions. This
diagram also shows the isolated interface circuits and control power
supply that must be provided by
the user. The internal gate control
circuit requires only a simple +15V
DC supply. Specially designed gate
drive circuits eliminate the need for
a negative supply to off bias the
IGBT. The IPM control input is designed to interface with
optocoupled transistors with a minimum of external components. The
operation and timing of each protection feature is described in Sections 6.4.2 through 6.4.5.
power down and failure on the
power device gate drive and fault
output are shown.
6.4.2 Control Supply
Under-Voltage Lock-Out
Caution:
1. Application of the main bus
voltage at a rate greater than
20V/µs before the control
power supply is on and stabilized may cause destruction of
the power devices.
2. Voltage ripple on the control
power supply with dv/dt in excess of 5V/µs may cause a
false trip of the UV lock-out.
The Intelligent Power Module's internal control circuits operate from
an isolated 15V DC supply. If, for
any reason, the voltage of this supply drops below the specified under-voltage trip level (UVt), the
power devices will be turned off
and a fault signal will be generated.
Small glitches less than the specified tdUV in length will not affect the
operation of the control circuitry
and will be ignored by the undervoltage protection circuit. In order
for normal operation to resume, the
supply voltage must exceed the under-voltage reset level (UVr). Operation of the under-voltage protection circuit will also occur during
power up and power down of the
control supply. This operation is
normal and the system controller's
program should take the fault output delay (tfo) into account. Figure
6.15 is a timing diagram showing
the operation of the under-voltage
lock-out protection circuit. In this
diagram an active low input signal
is applied to the input pin of the
IPM by the system controller. The
effects of control supply power up,
Figure 6.14 IPM Functional Diagram
INTELLIGENT POWER MODULE
COLLECTOR
ISOLATED
POWER
SUPPLY
INPUT
SIGNAL
FAULT
OUTPUT
ISOLATING
INTERFACE
CIRCUIT
ISOLATING
INTERFACE
CIRCUIT
GATE
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
GATE DRIVE
OVER TEMP
UV LOCK-OUT
OVER CURRENT
SHORT CIRCUIT
CURRENT
SENSE
IGBT
SENSE
CURRENT
EMITTER
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
6.4.3 Over-Temperature
Protection
The Intelligent Power Module has a
temperature sensor mounted on
the isolating base plate near the
IGBT chips. If the temperature of
the base plate exceeds the overtemperature trip level (OT) the
IPMs internal control circuit will
protect the power devices by disabling the gate drive and ignoring
the control input signal until the
over temperature condition has
subsided. In six and seven pack
modules all three low side devices
will be turned off and a low side
fault signal will be generated. High
side switches are unaffected and
can still be turned on and off by the
system controller. Similarly, in dual
type modules only the low side device is disabled. The fault output
will remain as long as the overtemperature condition exists. When
the temperature falls below the
over-temperature reset level (OTr),
and the control input is high (offstate) the power device will be enabled and normal operation will resume at the next low (on) input signal. Figure 6.16 is a timing diagram
showing the operation of the over-
Sep.1998
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temperature protection circuit.
The over temperature function provides effective protection against
overloads and cooling system failures in most applications. However,
it does not guarantee that the maximum junction temperature rating of
the IGBT chip will never be exceeded. In cases of abnormally
high losses such as failure of the
system controller to properly regulate current or excessively high
switching frequency it is possible
for IGBT chip to exceed Tj(max) before the base plate reaches the OT
trip level.
Caution:
Tripping of the over-temperature
protection is an indication of stressful operation. Repetitive tripping
should be avoided.
6.4.4 Over-Current Protection
The IPM uses current sense IGBT
chips to continuously monitor
power device current. If the current
though the Intelligent Power Module exceeds the specified
overcurrent trip level (OC) for a period longer than toff(OC) the IPMs
internal control circuit will protect
the power device by disabling the
gate drive and generating a fault
output signal. The timing of the
over-current protection is shown in
Figure 6.17. The toff(OC) delay is
implemented in order to avoid tripping of the OC protection on short
pulses of current above the OC
level that are not dangerous for the
power device. When an over-cur-
rent is detected a controlled shutdown is initiated and a fault output
is generated. The controlled shutdown lowers the turn-off di/dt which
helps to control transient voltages
that can occur during
shut down from high fault currents.
Most Intelligent Modules use the
two step shutdown depicted in Figure 6.17. In the two step shutdown,
the gate voltage is reduced to an
Figure 6.15
intermediate voltage causing the
current through the device to drop
slowly to a low level. Then, about
5µs later, the gate voltage is reduced to zero completing the shut
down. Some of the large six and
seven pack IPMs use an active
ramp of gate voltage to achieve the
desired reduction in turn off di/dt
under high fault currents. The oscillographs in Figure 6.18 illustrate
Operation of Under-Voltage Lockout
INPUT
SIGNAL
UVr
UVt
CONTROL
SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
FAULT
OUTPUT
CURRENT
(IFO)
tFO
tdUV
tFO
tdUV
INTERNAL
GATE
VOLTAGE
VGE
CONTROL SUPPLY ON
Figure 6.16
SHORT
GLITCH
IGNORED
POWER SUPPLY
FAULT AND
RECOVERY
CONTROL SUPPLY OFF
Operation of Over-Temperature
INPUT
SIGNAL
BASE PLATE
TEMPERATURE
(Tb)
OT
OTr
FAULT OUTPUT
CURRENT
(IFO)
INTERNAL
GATE
VOLTAGE
VGE
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
the effect of the controlled shutdown (for obtaining the oscillograph in “A”
the internal soft shutdown was intentionally deactivated). The IPM
uses actual device current measurement to detect all types of over
Figure 6.17
current conditions. Even resistive
and inductive shorts to ground that
are often missed by conventional
desaturation and bus current sensing protection schemes will be detected by the IPMs current sense
IGBTs.
Note:
V-Series IPMs do not have an
over- current protection function.
Instead a unified short circuit protection function that has a delay
like the over current protection described in this section is used.
Operation of Over-Current and Short-Circuit Protection
INPUT
SIGNAL
INTERNAL
GATE
VOLTAGE
(VGE)
toff
(OC)
thold
thold
SHORT CIRCUIT
TRIP LEVEL
OVER CIRCUIT
TRIP LEVEL
COLLECTOR
CURRENT
IFO
FAULT OUTPUT
CURRENT
NORMAL OPERATION
FWD RECOVERY CURRENT
IGNORED BY OC PROTECTION
Figure 6.18
tFO
tFO
OVER CURRENT
FAULT AND
RECOVERY
SHORT CIRCUIT
FAULT AND
RECOVERY
NORMAL OPERATION
OC Operation of PM200DSA060 (IC: 100A/div; 100V/div; t: 1µs/div)
OC PROTECTION WITHOUT SOFT SHUTDOWN
OC PROTECTION WITH SOFT SHUTDOWN
VCE (surge)
VCE (surge)
IC
VCE
IC
VCE
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
6.4.5 Short Circuit Protection
If a load short circuit occurs or the
system controller malfunctions
causing a shoot through, the IPMs
built in short circuit protection will
prevent the IGBTs from being damaged. When the current, through
the IGBT exceeds the short circuit
trip level (SC), an immediate controlled shutdown is initiated and a
fault output is generated. The same
controlled shutdown techniques
used in the over current protection
are used to help control transient
voltages during short circuit shut
down. The short circuit protection
provided by the IPM uses actual
current measurement to detect
dangerous conditions. This type of
protection is faster and more reliable than conventional out-of-saturation protection schemes. Figure
6.17 is a timing diagram showing
the operation of the short circuit
protection.
Note:
The short circuit protection in
V-Series IPMs has a delay similar
to the third generation over current
protection function described in
6.4.4. The need for a quick trip has
been eliminated through the use of
a new advanced RTC circuit.
Caution:
1. Tripping of the over current
and short circuit protection indicates stressful operation of the
IGBT. Repetitive tripping must
be avoided.
2. High surge voltages can occur
during emergency shutdown.
Low inductance buswork and
snubbers are recommended.
Figure 6.19
SHORT CIRCUIT OPERATION WITHOUT RTC CIRCUIT
100A, 600V, IPM
800A
T
To reduce the response time between SC detection and SC shutdown, a real time current control
circuit (RTC) has been adopted.
The RTC bypasses all but the final
stage of the IGBT driver in SC operation thereby reducing the response time to less than 100ns.
The oscillographs in Figure 6.19 illustrate the effectiveness of the
RTC technique by comparing short
circuit operation of second generation IPM (without RTC) and third
generation IPM (with RTC).
A significant improvement can be
seen as the power stress is much
lower as the time in short circuit
and the magnitude of the short circuit current are substantially reduced.
Waveforms
Showing the Effect
of the RTC Circuit
T
VCE
IC
IC=200A/div, VCE=100V/div, t=1µs/div
SHORT CIRCUIT OPERATION WITH RTC CIRCUIT
100A, 600V, IPM
VCE
T
410A
IC
T
IC=200A/div, VCE=100V/div, t=1µs/div
6.5 IPM Selection
There are two key areas that must
be coordinated for proper selection
of an IPM for a particular inverter
application. These are peak
current coordination to the IPM
overcurrent trip level and proper
thermal design to ensure that
peak junction temperature is always less than the maximum junction temperature rating
(150°C) and that the baseplate
temperature remains below the
over-temperature trip level.
6.5.1 Coordination of OC Trip
Peak current is addressed by reference to the power rating of the motor. Tables 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 give
recommended IPM types derived
from the OC trip level and the peak
motor current requirement based
on several assumptions for the inverter and motor operation regarding efficiency, power factor, maximum overload, and current ripple.
For the purposes of this table, the
maximum motor current is taken
from the NEC table. This already
includes the motor efficiency and
power factor appropriate to the particular motor size. Peak inverter
current is then calculated using this
RMS current, a 200% overload requirement, and a 20% ripple factor.
An IPM is then selected which has
a minimum overcurrent trip level
that is above this calculated peak
operating requirement.
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Table 6.2 Motor Rating vs. OC Protection (230 VAC Line)
Motor Rating (HP)
Current
NEC Current Rating A(RMS)τ
Inverter Peak Current (A)*
Applicable IPM
Minimum OC Trip (A)
0.5
2.0
6.8
PM10CSJ060
12
0.75
2.8
9.5
PM10CSJ060
12
18
1
3.6
12.2
PM15CSJ060
1.5
5.2
17.6
PM15CSJ060
18
2
6.8
23
PM20CSJ060
28
3
9.6
32
PM30CSJ060, PM30RSF060
39
5
15.2
52
PM50RSA060, PM50RSK060
65
7.5
22
75
PM75RSA060, PM75RSK060
115
10
28
95
PM75RSA060, PM75RSK060
115
15
42
143
PM100CSA060, PM100RSA060
158
20
54
183
PM150CSA060, PM150RSA060
210
25
68
231
PM200CSA060, PM200RSA060,
PM200DSA060 x3
310
30
80
271
PM200CSA060, PM200RSA060,
PM200DSA060 x3
310
40
104
353
PM300DSA060 x3
390
50
130
441
PM400DSA060 x3
500
60
154
523
PM600DSA060 x3
740
75
192
652
PM600DSA060 x3
740
100
256
869
PM800HSA060 x6
1000
Applicable IPM
Minimum OC Trip (A)
τ - From NEC Table 430-150
* - Inverter peak current is based on 200% overload requirement and a 20% current ripple factor.
Table 6.3 Motor Rating vs. OC Protection (460 VAC Line)
Motor Rating (HP)
Current
NEC Current Rating A(RMS)τ
Inverter Peak Current (A)*
0.5
1.0
3.4
PM10RSH120, PM10CZF120
15
0.75
1.4
4.8
PM10RSH120, PM10CZF120
15
15
1
1.8
6.1
PM10RSH120, PM10CZF120
1.5
2.6
8.8
PM10RSH120, PM10CZF120
15
2
3.4
12
PM10RSH120, PM10CZF120
15
3
4.8
16
PM15RSH120, PM15CZF120
22
5
7.6
26
PM25RSB120, PM25RSK120
32
7.5
11
37
PM50RSA120
59
10
14
48
PM50RSA120
59
15
21
71
PM75CSA120, PM75DSA120 x3
105
20
27
92
PM75CSA120, PM75DSA120 x3
105
25
34
115
PM100CSA120, PM100DSA120 x3
145
30
40
136
PM100CSA120, PM100DSA120 x3
145
40
52
176
PM150DSA120 x3
200
50
65
221
PM200DSA120 x3
240
60
77
261
PM300DSA120 x3
380
75
96
326
PM300DSA120 x3
380
100
124
421
PM400HSA120 x6
480
125
156
529
PM600HSA120 x6
740
150
180
611
PM600HSA120 x6
740
200
240
815
PM800HSA120 x6
1060
250
300
1020
PM800HSA120 x6
1060
τ - From NEC Table 430-150
* - Inverter peak current is based on 200% overload requirement and a 20% current ripple factor.
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Table 6.4 Motor Rating vs. SC Protection for V-Series IPMs
Motor Rating (HP)
Current
NEC Current Rating A(RMS)τ
Inverter Peak Current (A)*
Applicable IPM
Minimum SC Trip (A)
240VAC Line
10
28
95
PM75RVA060
115
15
42
143
PM100CVA060
158
20
54
183
PM150CVA060
210
30
80
271
PM200CVA060
310
40
104
353
PM300CVA060
396
50
130
441
PM400DVA060
650
75
192
652
PM600DVA060
1000
10
14
48
PM50RVA120
59
20
27
92
PM75CVA120
105
30
40
136
PM100CVA120
145
40
52
176
PM150CVA120
200
50
65
221
PM200DVA120
240
75
96
326
PM300DVA120
380
460VAC Line
τ - From NEC Table 430-150
* - Inverter peak current is based on 200% overload requirement and a 20% current ripple factor.
Once the coordination of the
OC trip with the application requirements has been established the
next step is determining the cooling
system requirements. Section 3.4
provides a general description of
the methodology for loss estimation
and thermal system design. Figure
6.20 shows the total switching energy (ESW(on)+ESW(off)) versus IC
for all third generation IPMs.
Figure 6.21 shows total switching
energy versus IC for V-Series
IPMs. A detailed explanation of
these curves and their use can be
found in Section 3.4.1. Figures
6.22 through 6.34 show simulation
results calculating total power loss
(switching and conduction) per arm
in a sinusoidal output PWM inverter
application using V-Series IPMs.
Figure 6.20
Switching Energy vs. IC for Third Generation IPMs
103
SWITCHINTG DISSIPATION, (mJ/PULSE)
6.5.2 Estimating Losses
102
CONDITIONS:
INDUCTIVE LOAD
SWITCHING OPERATION
Tj = 125oC
VCC = 1/2 VCES
VD = 15V
600V SERIES
101
1200V SERIES
SWITCHING DISSIPATION =
TURN-ON DISSIPATION +
TURN-OFF DISSIPATION
COMPATIBLE IC RANGE:
RATED IC × 0.1 ~ 1.4
100
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
COLLECTOR CURRENT, IC, (AMPERES)
APPLICABLE TYPES: THIRD-GENERATION IPM
PM200DSA060, PM300DSA060, PM400DSA060,
PM75DSA120, PM100DSA120, PM150DSA120,
PM300DSA120, PM100CSA060, PM150CSA060,
PM75CSA120, PM100CSA120, PM10CSJ060,
PM20CSJ060, PM300CSJ060, PM30RSF060,
PM50RSK060, PM75RSA060, PM100RSA060,
PM10RSH120, PM15RSH120, PM25RSB120,
PM600DSA060,
PM200DSA120,
PM200CSA060,
PM15CSJ060,
PM50RSA060,
PM150RSA060,
PM50RSA120
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.21
Figure 6.22
SWITCHING ENERGY LOSS
FOR V-SERIES IPMs
Figure 6.23
VCC = 300V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
200
1200V SERIES
150
600V SERIES
101
VCC = 300V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
200
150
P(W)
102
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM100CVA060 (Typ.)
250
250
CONDITIONS:
INDUCTIVE LOAD
Tj = 125oC
VCC = 1/2 VCES
VD = 15V
P(W)
SWITCHING ENERGY, (mJ/PULSE)
103
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM75RVA060 (Typ.)
100
100
50
50
100
ESW (ON) + ESW (OFF)
COMPATIBLE IC RANGE:
RATED IC × 0.1 ~ 1.4
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
0
0
0
COLLECTOR CURRENT, IC, (AMPERES)
20
40
60
80
100
0
120
20
40
Figure 6.24
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM150CVA060 (Typ.)
Figure 6.25
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM200CVA060 (Typ.)
Figure 6.26
250
VCC = 300V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
P(W)
150
200
150
P(W)
200
150
100
100
50
50
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
40
Figure 6.28
250
80
120
160
200
240
0
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM600DVA060 (Typ.)
80
Figure 6.29
160
200
240
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM50RVA120 (Typ.)
200
VCC = 600V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
300
250
P(W)
250
100
120
350
VCC = 300V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
300
P(W)
P(W)
150
40
IO(ARMS)
350
VCC = 300V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
200
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM300CVA060 (Typ.)
IO(ARMS)
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM400DVA060 (Typ.)
120
0
0
IO(ARMS)
Figure 6.27
100
VCC = 300V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
200
100
0
80
250
VCC = 300V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
P(W)
250
60
IO(ARMS)
IO(ARMS)
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
50
0
0
0
0
40
80
120
IO(ARMS)
160
200
240
0
40
80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
IO(ARMS)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
IO(ARMS)
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.30
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM75RVA1200 (Typ.)
Figure 6.31
350
350
VCC = 600V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
250
200
VCC = 600V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
300
250
P(W)
300
P(W)
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM100CVA120 (Typ.)
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0
20
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
IO(ARMS)
Figure 6.32
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM150CVA120 (Typ.)
IO(ARMS)
Figure 6.33
350
P(W)
250
200
250
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
VCC = 600V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL
LOSS
300
P(W)
300
0
0
20
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
IO(ARMS)
Figure 6.34
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM300DVA120 (Typ.)
350
VCC = 600V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL
LOSS
300
250
P(W)
Power Loss
Simulation of
PM200DVA120 (Typ.)
350
VCC = 600V
VD = 15V
Tj = 125°C
P.F. = 0.8
fc = 10kHz
DC LOSS
SW LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
200
150
100
Controlling the Intelligent
Power Module
IPM (Intelligent Power Modules)
are easy to operate. The integrated
drive and protection circuits require
only an isolated power supply and
a low level on/off control signal. A
fault output is provided for monitoring the operation of the modules internal protection circuits.
6.6.1 The Control Power Supply
0
0
6.6
0
20
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
IO(ARMS)
Depending on the power circuit
configuration of the module one,
two, or four isolated power supplies
are required by the IPMs internal
drive and protection circuits. In high
power 3-phase inverters using
single or dual type IPMs it is good
practice to use six isolated power
supplies. In these high current applications each low side device
must have its own isolated control
power supply in order to avoid
ground loop noise problems. The
control supplies should be regulated to 15V +/-10% in order to
avoid over-voltage damage or false
tripping of the under-voltage protection. The supplies should have
an isolation voltage rating of at
least two times the IPM’s VCES rating (i.e. Viso = 2400V for 1200V
module). The current that must be
supplied by the control power supply is the sum of the quiescent current needed to power the internal
control circuits and the current required to drive the IGBT gate.
Table 6.5 summarizes the typical
and maximum control power
supply current requirements for
50
0
0
20
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
IO(ARMS)
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
third generation Intelligent Power
Modules. Table 6.6 summarizes
control supply requirements for
V-Series IPMs. These tables give
control circuit currents for the quiescent (not switching) state and for
20kHz switching. This data is provided in order to help the user design appropriately sized control
power supplies.
Power requirements for operating
frequencies other than 20kHz can
be determined by scaling the frequency dependent portion of the
control circuit current. For example,
to determine the maximum control
circuit current for a PM300DSA120
operating at 7kHz the maximum
quiescent control circuit current is
subtracted from the maximum
20kHz control circuit current:
70mA – 30mA = 40mA
40mA is the frequency dependent
portion of the control circuit current
for 20kHz operation. For 7kHz
operation the frequency
dependent portion is:
40mA x (7kHz ÷ 20kHz) = 14mA
To get the total control power supply current required, the quiescent
current must be added back:
30mA + 14mA = 44mA
44mA is the maximum control circuit current required for a
PM300DSA120 operating at 7kHz.
Capacitive coupling between primary and secondary sides
of isolated control supplies must
be minimized as parasitic capacitances in excess of 100pF can
cause noise that may trigger
Table 6.5 Control Power Requirements for Third Generation IPMs
(VD = 15V, Duty = 50%) ma
N Side
P Side (Each Supply)
DC
Type Name
20kHz
DC
20kHz
Typ.
Max
Typ.
Max.
Typ.
Max.
Typ.
Max.
PM10CSJ060
18
25
23
32
7
10
8
12
PM15CSJ060
18
25
23
32
7
10
8
12
PM20CSJ060
18
25
24
34
7
10
8
12
PM30CSJ060
18
25
24
34
7
10
9
13
PM100CSA060
40
55
78
100
13
18
25
34
PM150CSA060
40
55
80
110
13
18
25
38
600V Series
PM200CSA060
40
55
85
120
13
18
27
40
PM30RSF060
25
30
32
45
7
10
9
13
PM50RSA060
44
60
70
100
13
18
23
32
PM50RSK060
44
60
70
100
13
18
23
32
PM75RSA060
44
60
75
100
13
18
24
35
PM100RSA060
44
60
78
105
13
18
25
36
PM150RSA060
52
72
72
113
13
18
26
38
PM200RSA060
52
72
85
115
13
18
26
40
PM200DSA060
19
26
30
42
19
26
30
42
PM300DSA060
19
26
35
48
19
26
35
48
PM400DSA060
23
30
40
60
23
30
40
60
PM600DSA060
23
30
50
70
23
30
50
70
PM800HSA060
23
30
50
70
–
–
–
–
PM10RSH120
25
35
31
44
7
10
9
13
PM10CZF120
18
25
7
10
9
13
PM15RSH120
25
35
9
13
PM15CZF120
18
25
PM25RSB120
44
PM25RSK120
1200V SERIES
32
45
7
10
7
10
9
13
60
60
83
13
18
18
25
44
60
60
83
13
18
18
25
PM50RSA120
44
60
65
90
13
18
19
27
PM75CSA120
44
60
60
83
13
18
20
28
PM100CSA120
40
55
75
104
13
18
25
35
PM75DSA120
13
20
20
28
13
20
20
28
PM100DSA120
19
26
30
42
19
26
30
42
PM150DSA120
19
26
35
48
19
26
35
48
PM200DSA120
23
30
48
67
23
30
48
67
PM300DSA120
23
30
50
70
23
30
50
70
PM400HSA120
23
30
60
90
–
–
–
–
PM600JSA120
23
30
60
90
–
–
–
–
PM800HSA120
30
40
–
–
–
–
–
–
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Table 6.6 V-Series IPM Control Power Supply Current
N Side
P Side (Each Supply)
DC
Type Name
type intelligent power module.
20kHz
DC
20kHz
Typ.
Max
Typ.
Max.
Typ.
Max.
Typ.
Max.
PM75RVA060
44
60
72
94
13
18
21
27
PM100CVA060
40
55
68
88
13
18
22
29
PM150CVA060
40
55
72
94
13
18
23
30
PM200CVA060
40
55
84
110
13
18
28
36
PM300CVA060
52
72
130
170
17
24
43
56
PM400DVA060
23
30
56
73
23
30
56
73
PM600DVA060
23
30
56
73
23
30
56
73
PM50RVA120
44
60
73
95
13
18
21
27
PM75CVA120
40
55
70
92
13
18
24
31
PM100CVA120
40
55
80
104
13
18
26
34
PM150CVA120
72
100
128
166
24
34
42
55
PM200DVA120
37
48
52
68
37
48
52
68
PM300DVA120
37
48
52
68
37
48
52
68
600V Series
1200V SERIES
the control circuits. An electrolytic
or tantalum decoupling capacitor
should be connected across the
control power supply at the IPMs
terminals. This capacitor will help
to filter common noise on the control power supply and provide the
high pulse currents required by the
IPMs internal gate drive circuits.
Isolated control power supplies can
be created using a variety of techniques. Control power can be derived from the main input line using
either a switching power supply
with multiple outputs or a line frequency transformer with multiple
secondaries. Control power supplies can also be derived from the
main logic power supply using DCto-DC converters. Using a compact
DC-to-DC converter for each isolated supply can help to simplify
the interface circuit layout. A distributed DC-to-DC converter in which
a single oscillator is used to drive
several small isolation transformers
can provide the layout advantages
of separate DC-to-DC converters at
a lower cost.
In order to simplify the design of
the required isolated power supplies, Mitsubishi has developed two
DC-to-DC converter modules to
work with the IPMs. The M57120L
is a high input voltage step down
converter. When supplied with 113
to 400VDC the M57120L will produce a regulated 20VDC output.
The 20VDC can then be connected
to the M57140-01 to produce four
isolated 15VDC outputs to power
the IPMs control circuits. The
M57140-01 can also be used as a
stand alone unit if 20VDC is available from another source such as
the main logic power supply. Figure
6.35 shows an isolated interface
circuit for a seven pack IPM using
M57140-01. Figure 6.36 shows a
complete high input voltage isolated power supply circuit for a dual
Caution:
Using bootstrap techniques is not
recommended because the voltage
ripple on VD may cause a false trip
of the undervoltage protection in
certain inverter PWM modes.
6.6.2 Interface Circuit Requirements
The IGBT power switches in the
IPM are controlled by a low level
input signal. The active low control
input will keep the power devices
off when it is held high. Typically
the input pin of the IPM is pulled
high with a resistor connected to
the positive side of the control
power supply. An ON signal is then
generated by pulling the control input low. The fault output is an open
collector with its maximum sink current internally limited. When a fault
condition occurs the open collector
device turns on allowing the fault
output to sink current from the positive side of the control supply. Fault
and on/off control signals are usually transferred to and from the system controller using isolating interface circuits. Isolating interfaces allow high and low side control signals to be referenced to a common
logic level. The isolation is usually
provided by optocouplers. However, fiber optics, pulse transformers, or level shifting circuits could
be used. The most important consideration in interface circuit design
is layout. Shielding and careful
routing of printed circuit wiring is
necessary in order to avoid coupling of dv/dt noise into control circuits. Parasitic capacitance between high side
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.35
Isolated Interface Circuit for Seven-Pack IPMs
3
FON
PC817
4
2
1
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
WN
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
VN
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
UN
1
B
PC817
2
3
FOWP
PC817
4
3
PC817
4
WN
18
VN
17
UN
16
0.1µF
BR
15
4.7k
VNI
14
VNC
13
20k
0.1µF
20k
VWPC
3
FOUP
4
PC817
7
0
8 +15
11
10
+
C1
11
0
12 +15
9
+
9
0
10 +15
20k
0.1µF
20k
0.1µF
2
1
VVP1
8
VP
7
VFO
6
VVPC
5
VUP1
4
UP
3
UFO
2
VUPC
1
6
5
4
VIN
13
0
14 +15
1
UP
WP
WFO
2
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
C2
VWP1 12
20k
0.1µF
2
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
FOVP
19
+
1
VP
FO
4
3
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
WP
20k
0.1µF
-
+
330µF
3
2
1
+
C1
+
C1
20V
+
SEVEN PACK IPM
NOTE: FOR C1 AND C2 SEE SECTION 6.6.3
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.36
Isolated Interface Circuit for Dual Intelligent Power Modules
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
PIN
PFO
NIN
NFO
7
3
2 1
4
5
6
+
113-400
VDC
+
+
2.2µF
PC817
4
5
47µF
50V
+
330µF
50V
C1
2
1
V1 (+)
SR (+5)
CIN
VC (-)
FO
+15 14
0 13
+
VIN
1
2
3
6.8k
+
M57120L
12 11
0.1µF
-
+15 12
0 11
+15 10
0 9
+15 8
0 7
1
2
3 P
4
5
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
HCPL4504
0.1µF
6.8k
V1 (+)
SR (+5)
+
3
PC817
4
2
1
CI
CIN
VC (-)
FO
1
2
C1
3 N
4
5
DUAL IPM
interface circuits, high and low side
interface circuits, or primary and
secondary sides of the isolating devices can cause noise problems.
Careful layout of control power
supply and isolating circuit wiring is
necessary. The following is a list of
guidelines that should be followed
when designing interface circuits.
Figure 6.37 shows an example interface circuit layout for dual type
IPMs. Figure 6.38 shows an example interface circuit layout for a
V-Series IPMs.The shielding and
printed circuit routing techniques
used in this example are intended
to illustrate a typical application of
the layout guidelines.
INTERFACE CIRCUIT
LAYOUT GUIDELINES
I.
Maintain maximum interface
isolation. Avoid routing printed
circuit board traces from primary and secondary sides of
the isolation device near to or
above and below each other.
Any layout that increases the
primary to secondary capacitance of the isolating interface
can cause noise problems.
II. Maintain maximum control
power supply isolation. Avoid
routing printed circuit board
traces from UP, VP, WP, and N
side supplies near to each
other. High dv/dts exist between these supplies and
noise will be coupled through
parasitic capacitances.
If isolated power supplies are
derived from a common transformer interwinding capacitance should be minimized.
III. Keep printed circuit board
traces between the interface
circuit and IPM short. Long
traces have a tendency to pick
up noise from other parts of the
circuit.
IV. Use recommended decoupling
capacitors for power supplies
and optocouplers. Fast switching IGBT power circuits generate dv/dt and di/dt noise. Every
precaution should be taken to
protect the control circuits from
coupled noise.
V. Use shielding. Printed circuit
board shield layers are helpful
for controlling coupled dv/dt
noise. Figure 6.37 shows an
example of how the primary
and secondary sides of the isolating interface can be
shielded.
VI. High speed optocouplers with
high common mode rejection
(CMR) should be used for signal input:
tPLH,tPHL < 0.8µs
CMR > 10kV/µs
@ VCM = 1500V
Appropriate optocoupler types
are HCPL 4503, HCPL 4504
(Hewlett Packard) and PS2041
(NEC). Usually high speed
optos require a 0.1µF
decoupling capacitor close to
the opto.
VII. Select the control input pull-up
resistor with a low enough
value to avoid noise pick-up by
the high impedance IPM input
and with a high enough value
that the high speed
optotransistor can still pull the
IPM safely below the recommended maximum VCIN(on).
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.37
Interface Circuit Layout Example for Dual IPMs
SHIELD GROUND TO VUPC
UP
FO
- +
UN
U
FO
- +
SHIELD GROUND TO VUNC
SHIELD GROUND TO VVPC
VP
FO
- +
VN
V
FO
- +
SHIELD GROUND TO VVNC
SHIELD GROUND TO VWPC
WP
FO
- +
WN
W
FO
- +
SHIELD GROUND TO VWNC
DIGITAL
GROUND
MID-LAYER
SHIELD
SHIELDS GROUND
TO NEGATIVE SIDE
OF EACH CONTROL
POWER SUPPLY
UP
VP
WP
LEGEND
UN VN WN
TOP LAYER
TO
CONTROL
POWER
SOURCE
MIDDLE LAYER
BOTTOM LAYER
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.38
Interface Circuit Layout for a V-Series IPMs
INTERFACE CIRCUIT
IPM
N
P
B
U
V
W
PCB
IPM
VIII.If some IPM switches are not
used in actual application their
control power supply must still
be applied. The related signal
input terminals should be
pulled up by resistors to the
control power supply (VD or
VSXR) to keep the unused
switches safely in off-state.
IX. Unused fault outputs must be
tied high in order to avoid noise
pick up and unwanted activation of internal protection circuits. Unused fault outputs
should be connected directly to
the +15V of local isolated control power supply.
6.6.3 Example Interface Circuits
IPM (Intelligent Power Modules)
are designed to use optocoupled
transistors for control input and
fault output interfaces. In most applications optocouplers will provide
a simple and inexpensive isolated
interface to the system controller.
Figures 6.39 through 6.43 show example interface circuits for the four
IPM power circuit configurations.
These circuits use two types of
optocoupled transistors. The control input on/off signals are transferred from the system controller
using high speed optocoupled transistors. Usually high speed optos
require a 0.1µF film or ceramic
decoupling capacitor connected
near their VCC and GND pins. The
value of the control input pull up resistor is selected low enough to
avoid noise pick up by the high impedance input and high enough so
that the high speed optotransistor
with its relatively low current transfer ratio can still pull the input low
enough to assure turn on. The circuits shown use a Hewlett Packard
HCPL-4504 optotransistor. This
opto was chosen mainly for its high
common mode transient immunity
of 15,000V/µs. For reliable operation in IGBT power circuits
optocouplers should have a minimum common mode noise immunity of 10,000 V/µs. Low speed
optocoupled transistors can be
used for the fault output and brake
input. Slow optos have the added
advantages of lower cost and
higher current transfer ratios. The
example interface circuits use a
Sharp PC817 low speed
optocoupled transistor for the
transfer of brake and fault signals.
Like most low speed optos the
PC817 does not have internal
shielding. Some switching noise
will be coupled through the opto.
An RC filter with a time constant of
about 10ms can be added to the
opto’s output to remove this noise.
The IPMs 1.5ms long fault output
signal will be almost unaffected by
the addition of this filter. When designing interface circuits always follow the interface circuit layout
guidelines given in Section 6.6.2.
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.39
Interface Circuit for Seven-Pack IPMs
VUPC
UP INTERFACE
LINE
FAULT
UFO
10µF
INPUT
UP
+
N
20k
0.1µF
15 V
CS
B
VVPC
+
FAULT
OUTPUT
SAME AS
VFO
INPUT
UP INTERFACE
VP
CIRCUIT
15 V
7-PACK THIRD GENERATION IPM
VVP1
VP INTERFACE
VUP1
+
FAULT
OUTPUT
VWPC
SAME AS
WFO
INPUT
UP INTERFACE
CIRCUIT
WP
15 V
VWP1
WP INTERFACE
P
+
VNC
15 V
+
VN1
BRAKE
BR
0.1µF
UN INPUT
MOTOR
UN
20k
0.1µF
VN INPUT
VN
20k
0.1µF
WN INPUT
WN
20k
FAULT
N SIDE INTERFACE
4.7k
V
FO
Rated
Current
(Amps)
Decoupling
Capacitor
(CS)
600V Modules
33µF
U
W
Applicable
Types
PM30RSF060
30
0.3µF
PM50RSK060
55
0.47µF
PM50RSA060
50
0.47µF
PM75RSA060,
PM75RSK060,
PM75RVA060
75
1.0µF
PM100RSA060
100
1.0µF
PM150RSA060
150
1.5µF
PM200RSA060
200
2.0µF
PM10RSH120
10
0.1µF
PM15RSH120
15
0.1µF
PM25RSB120,
PM25RSK120
25
0.22µF
PM50RSA120,
PM50RVA120
50
0.47µF
1200V Modules
NOTE: If high side fault outputs are not used, they
must be connected to the +15V of the local power
supply.
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.40
Interface Circuit for Six-Pack IPMs
VUPC
UP INTERFACE
LINE
FAULT
UFO
10µF
INPUT
UP
+
N
20k
0.1µF
15 V
CS
+
VUP1
SAME AS
VFO
INPUT
UP INTERFACE
VP
CIRCUIT
15 V
+
FAULT
OUTPUT
VWPC
SAME AS
WFO
INPUT
UP INTERFACE
WP
CIRCUIT
15 V
VWP1
+
33µF
15 V
+
VN1
0.1µF
UN INPUT
UN
20k
V
0.1µF
VN INPUT
VN
20k
0.1µF
WN INPUT
WN
W
20k
FAULT
FO
Rated
Current
(Amps)
Decoupling
Capacitor
(CS)
PM10CSJ060
10
0.1µF
PM15CSJ060
15
0.1µF
PM20CSJ060
20
0.1µF
PM30CSJ060
30
0.3µF
PM100CSA060,
PM100CVA060
100
1.0µF
PM150CSA060,
PM150CVA060
150
1.5µF
PM200CSA060,
PM200CVA060
200
2.2µF
PM300CVA060
300
3.0µF
PM75CSA120,
PM75CVA120
75
1.0µF
PM100CSA120,
PM100CVA120
100
1.0µF
PM150CVA120
150
1.5µF
Applicable
Types
600V Modules
VNC
U
MOTOR
WP INTERFACE
6-PACK THIRD GENERATION IPM
VVP1
VP INTERFACE
FAULT
OUTPUT
VWPC
N SIDE INTERFACE
P
1200V Modules
NOTE: Unused fault outputs must be connected to
the +15V of the local control supply.
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.41
Interface Circuit for Dual IPMs
+
+
+
15 V
15 V
C1 +
6.8k
INPUT
15 V
VP1
VP1
VP1
SPR
SPR
SPR
CPI
CPI
CPI
VPC
VPC
VPC
FPO
FPO
FPO
0.1µF
FAULT
6.8k
INPUT
IPM
+
C1 +
IPM
+
+
IPM
15 V
15 V
15 V
VN1
VN1
VN1
SNR
SNR
SNR
CNI
CNI
CNI
VNC
VNC
VNC
FNO
FNO
FNO
0.1µF
FAULT
E1C2
E2
C1
E1C2
C2
E2
C1
E1C2
C2
E2
C1
C2
+
Applicable
Types
Control Power
Rated
Decoupling Snubber
Current
Capacitor Capacitor
(Amps)
(C1)
(C2)
V
W
+
U
VCC
600V Modules
PM200DSA060
200
47µF
2.0µF
PM300DSA060
300
47µF
3.0µF
PM400DSA060,
PM400DVA060
400
68µF
4.0µF
PM600DSA060,
PM600DVA060
600
68µF
6.0µF*
PM75DSA120
75
22µF
0.68µF
PM100DSA120
100
47µF
1.5µF
PM150DSA120
150
47µF
2.0µF
PM200DSA120,
PM200DVA120
200
68µF
3.0µF
PM300DSA120,
PM300DVA120
300
68µF
5.0µF
MOTOR
1200V Modules
*Depending on maximum DC link voltage and
main circuit layout, an RCDi clamp may be
needed. (see Section 3.3)
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.42
Interface Circuit for Single IPMs
15 V
15V
+
+
V1
+
C1
IPM
V1
SR C
SR C
C2
C2
C1
INPUT
+
V1
SR C
6.8k
15V
IPM
IPM
C2
C1
C1
0.1µF
D
D
D
VC E
VC E
VC E
FO
FO
FO
FAULT
15 V
15V
+
+
C1
V1
C1
INPUT
15V
+
IPM
V1
SR C
6.8k
+
IPM
IPM
V1
SR C
D
C1
SR C
D
C1
D
0.1µF
C2
C2
VC E
C2
VC E
C3
VC E
C3
C3
FAULT
FO
FO
FO
+
U
V
VCC
W
MOTOR
Applicable
Types
Rated
Current
(Amps)
Control Power
Main Bus
Decoupling Snubber Decoupling
Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor
(C1)
(C2)
(C3)
Snubber Diode
600V Modules
PM800HSA060
800
68µF
3.0µF
6.0µF
RM50HG-12S (2 pc. parallel)
PM400HSA120
400
68µF
1.5µF
4.0µF
RM25HG-24S
PM600HSA120
600
68µF
2.0µF
6.0µF
RM25HG -24S (2 pc. parallel)
PM800HSA120
800
68µF
3.0µF
6.0µF
RM25HG-24S (3 pc. parallel)
1200V Modules
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
Figure 6.43
Interface Circuit for PM10CZF120 and PM15CZF120
VCC
P
20k
VD1
0.1µ
IF
+
10µ
–
VUP
CS
UP
VUPC
20k
VD2
0.1µ
IF
+
10µ
–
U
VVP
VP
VVPC
20k
VD3
+
–
0.1µ
IF
+
10µ
–
V
M
VWP
WP
VWPC
W
20k
IF
0.1µ
20k
UN
IF
VN
N
0.1µ
20k
IF
WN
FO
0.1µ
VD4
+
33µ
–
VN1
VNC
10k
5V
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
6.6.4 Connecting the
Interface Circuit
Figure 6.44
Connection of the Interface Circuit
IPMS GUIDE PINS
The input pins of Mitsubishi Intelligent Power Modules are designed
to be connected directly to a
printed circuit board. Noise pick up
can be minimized by building the
interface circuit on the PCB near
the input pins of the module. Low
power modules have tin plated
control and power pins that are designed to be soldered directly to
the PCB. Higher power modules
have gold plated pins that are designed to be connected to the PCB
using an inverse mounted header
receptacle. An example of this connection for a dual type IPM is
shown in Figure 6.44. This connection technique can also be adapted
to large six and seven pack modules. Table 6.7 shows the suggested connection method and
connector for each Third Generation IPM.
HEADER RECEPTACLE
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
END VIEW
C1
SIDE VIEW
PCB LAYOUT EXAMPLE FOR DUAL TYPE 3RD GENERATION IPM
A
C
E
B
D
Table 6.8 shows the suggested
connection method and connector
for V-Series IPMs. Figure 6.45
shows the PCB layout for V-Series
six and seven pack connector.
A Hole for Header receptacle pin
B Clearance Hole for IPM pin
C Clearance Hole for IPM guide pin
D IPM pin spacing
E Header Receptacle Pin Spacing
.040" Typ.
.070" Typ.
.090" Typ.
0.10" Typ.
per connector mfg.
Table 6.7 Third Generation IPM Connection Methods
Third Generation Intelligent Power Module Type
Connection Method
PM10CSJ060, PM15CSJ060, PM20CSJ060,
PM30CSJ060, PM30RSF060, PM50RSK060,
PM10RSH120, PM15RSH120
Solder to PCB
PM50RSA060, PM75RSA060, PM100CSA060,
31 Position 2mm Inverse Header
PM100RSA060, PM150CSA060, PM150RSA060, Receptacle
PM200CSA060, PM25RSB120, PM50RSA120,
Hirose P/N: DF10-31S-2DSA (59)
PM75CSA120, PM100CSA120
PM200DSA060, PM300DSA060, PM400DSA060,
PM600DSA060, PM75DSA120, PM100DSA120,
PM150DSA120, PM200DSA120, PM300DSA120,
PM400HSA120, PM600HSA120
5 Position 2.54mm (0.1") Inverse
Header Receptacle
Method P/N: 1000-205-2105
Hirose P/N: MDF7-5S-2.54DSA
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
6.6.5 Dead Time (tdead)
In order to prevent arm shoot
through a dead time between high
and low side input ON signals is
required to be included in the system control logic. Two different values are specified on the datasheet:
A. tdead measured directly on
the IPM input terminals
B. tdead related to optocoupler
input signals using the
recommended application
circuit
The specified type B dead time is
related to standard high speed
optocouplers. (See Section 6.6.2)
By using specially selected
Figure 6.45
optocouplers with narrow distribution of switching times
the required type B dead time
could be reduced.
6.6.6 Using the Fault Signal
In order to keep the interface circuits simple the IPM uses
a single on/off output to alert the
system controller of all fault conditions. The system controller can
easily determine whether the fault
signal was caused by an over temperature or over current/short circuit by examining its duration.
Short circuit and over current condition fault signals will be tFO
(nominal 1.5ms) in duration. An
over temperature fault signal will be
much longer. The over temperature
fault starts when the base plate
temperature exceeds the OT level
and does not reset until the base
plate cools below the OTr level.
Typically this takes tens of seconds.
Note:
Unused fault outputs must be properly terminated by connecting them
to the +15V on the local control
power supply. Failure to properly
terminate unused fault outputs may
result in unexpected tripping of the
modules internal protection.
PCB Layout for V-Series Connector
43.57 ± 0.1
3 ± 0.05
3 ± 0.05
3 ± 0.05
3 ± 0.05
3 ± 0.05
19 - ø1.2 +0.1
0
+0.1
2.54 ± 0.05
19 - ø0.9 0
14.6 ± 0.1
+0.1
4 - ø3.2 -0.07
2.54 ± 0.05
14.1 ± 0.05
14.1 ± 0.05
14.1 ± 0.05
Table 6.8 V-Series IPM Connection Methods
V-Series Intelligent Power Module Type
Connection Method
PM75RVA060, PM100CVA060, PM150CVA060,
PM200CVA060, PM300CVA060, PM50RVA120,
PM75CVA120, PM100CVA120, PM150CVA120
19 Position, 0.1" Compound
Inverse Header Receptacle,
Hirose Part # MDF92-19S-2.54DSA
PM400DVA060, PM600DVA060,
PM200DVA120, PM300DVA120
5 Position, 0.1" (2.54mm)
Inverse Header Receptacle,
Hirose Part # MDF7-5S-2.54DSA
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
6.7 IPM Inverter Example
The IPMs integrated intelligence
greatly simplifies inverter design.
The built in protection circuits allow
maximum utilization of power device capability without compromising reliability. Figure 6.46 shows a
complete inverter constructed using dual type IPMs. Input common
mode noise filtering and MOV
surge suppression helps to protect
the input rectifier and IPMs from
line transients. The main power
bus is constructed using laminated
plates in order to minimize parasitic
inductance. Low inductance bus
designs are covered in more detail
in Sections 3.2 and 3.3. An example of the mechanical layout of
the inverter is shown in Figure
6.47. The IPMs must be mounted
on a heatsink with suitable cooling
capabilities. Thermal design and
power loss estimation is covered in
Section 3.4. Mitsubishi offers a
complete line-up of diode modules
that are ideal for use as the input
bridge in inverter applications.
Figure 6.46
IPM Inverter System
TO LOAD (3-PHASE MOTOR)
V
U
W
IPM
IPM
S
S
IPM
LAMINATED
BUS
STRUCTURE
3-PHASE INPUT
A
C
–
MAIN
FILTER
B
S
+
C
+
C
RECTIFIER
BRIDGE
C
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
CONTAINING INTERFACE
CIRCUITS AND ISOLATED
POWER SUPPLIES
INPUT COMMON MODE
NOISE FILTER AND MOV
SURGE PROTECTION
HEAT SINK
GROUND
C ≈ 470pF STYLE 2 & 3
C ≈ 2200pF STYLE 1
Figure 6.47
MICRO-CONTROLLER
PWM GENERATOR
S
SNUBBER
Power Circuit Layout for IPMs
PR
INT CON
T
BO ED C ROL
AR IRC
D
UI
SN
U
CIRBBER
CU
IT
T
CAPACITOR
R
PE
OP
HE
-C
OR
AT H
L
SU IC
-IN DW
ER N
PP SA
AT
SIN
K
CO
Sep.1998
MITSUBISHI SEMICONDUCTORS POWER MODULES MOS
USING INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES
6.8
Handling Precautions for
Intelligent Power Modules
Electrical Considerations:
I.
Apply proper control voltages
and input signals before static
testing.
II. Carefully check wiring of control voltage sources and input
signals. Miswiring may destroy
the integrated gate control circuit.
III. When measuring leakage current always ramp the curve
tracer voltage up from zero.
Ramp voltage back down before disconnecting the device.
Never apply a voltage greater
than the VCES rating
of the device.
IV. When measuring saturation
voltage low inductance test fixtures must be used. Inductive
surge voltages can exceed device ratings.
Figure 6.48
Mechanical Considerations:
Thermal Considerations:
I.
I.
Avoid mechanical shock. The
module uses ceramic isolation
that can be cracked if the module is dropped.
II. Do not bend the power terminals. Lifting or twisting the
power terminals may cause
stress cracks in the copper.
III. Do not over torque terminal or
mounting screws. Maximum
torque specifications are provided in device data sheets.
IV. Avoid uneven mounting stress.
A heatsink with a flatness of
0.001"/1" or better is recommended. Avoid one sided tightening stress. Figure 6.48
shows the recommended
torquing order for mounting
screws. Uneven mounting can
cause the modules ceramic
isolation to crack.
Do not put the module on a hot
plate. Externally heating the
module's base plate at a rate
greater than 15°C/min. will
cause thermal stress that may
damage the module.
II. When soldering to the signal
pins and fast on terminals
avoid excessive heat. The soldering time and temperature
should not exceed 230°C for
5 seconds.
III. Maximize base plate to
heatsink contact area for good
heat transfer. Use a thermal interface compound such as
white silicon grease. The
heatsink should have a surface
finish of 64 microinches or
less.
Mounting Screws Torque Order
1
1
3
2
4
2
Sep.1998