B GA 925L 6 Highl y Lin ear and L ow Nois e A mplif er for Gl obal Na v i gati o n S atelli te S ys te m s (G N SS ) f r om 15 50 M Hz t o 1 6 15 M Hz Applic atio ns Applic atio n N ote A N 265 Revision: Rev. 1.1 2012-03-20 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2012-04-24 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2012 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Application Note AN265 Revision History: 2012-03-20 Previous Revision: Rev. 1.0, 2011-07-04 Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) 12-21 Marker position and values updated 14 Gain curve updated Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 3 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution ................................ 6 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3 Application Circuit ........................................................................................................................... 11 4 Typical Measurement Results ......................................................................................................... 12 5 Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ....................................... 14 6 Miscellaneous Measured Graphs ................................................................................................... 19 7 Evaluation Board .............................................................................................................................. 22 8 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 23 Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 4 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm) ........................................................ 6 BGA925L6 package size in comparison with 0402 and 0201 components ......................................... 8 Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications ................................ 10 BGA925L6 application circuit ............................................................................................................. 11 Power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................... 14 Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands........... 14 Input matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ......................... 15 Output matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ...................... 15 Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ..................... 16 Noise figure of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .............................. 16 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ........................................................................................................................ 17 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ........................................................................................................................ 17 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V .............................. 18 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V .............................. 18 Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz ....................................................................................... 19 Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 19 Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 20 Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V ...... 20 Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V ...... 21 Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6 ................................................................................................ 22 PCB layer stack .................................................................................................................................. 22 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Pin Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Switching Mode .................................................................................................................................. 10 Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 11 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V .............................................. 12 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V .............................................. 13 Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 5 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution 1 BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution 1.1 Features • High gain: 15.8 dB • High out-of-band input 3rd-order intercept point: +7 dBm • High input 1dB compression point: -5 dBm • Low noise figure: 0.65 dB • Low current consumption: 4.8 mA • Operating frequency: 1550-1615 MHz • Supply voltage: 1.5 V to 3.6 V • Digital on/off switch (1V logic high level) • Ultra small TSLP-6-2 leadless package • Package dimensions: 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm • B7HF Silicon Germanium technology • RF output internally matched to 50 Ω • Only two external SMD components necessary • 2 kV HBM ESD protection (including AI-pin) • Pb-free (RoHS compliant) package Figure 1 BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm) 1.2 Applications - GPS (Global Positioning System) working in the L1 band at 1575.42 MHz - GLONASS (Russian GNSS) working in the L1 band from 1598.06 MHz to 1605.38 MHz - Galileo (European GNSS) working in the E2-L1-E1 band from 1559 MHz to 1592 MHz - COMPASS (Chinese Beidou Navigation System) working in E2 band at 1561.10 MHz and E1 band at 1589.74 MHz Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 6 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Introduction 2 Introduction The BGA925L6 is a front-end Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) application. It is based on Infineon Technologies’ B7HF Silicon-Germanium (SiGe:C) technology, enabling a cost-effective solution in a ultra small TSLP-6-2 package with ultra low noise figure, high gain, high linearity and low current consumption over a wide range of supply voltages from 3.6 V down to 1.5 V. All these features make BGA925L6 an excellent choice for GNSS LNA as it improves sensitivity, provide greater immunity against out-of-band jammer signals, reduces filtering requirement and hence the overall cost of the GNSS receiver. The GNSS satellites are at an orbit altitude of more than 20,000 km away from earth’s surface and transmit power in the range of +47 dBm. After taking losses (atmospheric, antenna etc.) into account, the received signal strength at the GNSS device input is very low in the range of -130 dBm. The ability of the GNSS device to receive such a low signal strength and provide meaningful information to the end-user depends strongly on the noise figure of the GNSS receive chain. This ability which is called receiver sensitivity can be improved by using a low-noise amplifier with low noise figure and high gain at the input of the receiver chain. The improved sensitivity results in a shorter Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF), which is the time required for a GNSS receiver to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position. Noise figure of the LNA defines the overall noise figure of the GNSS receiver system. This is where BGA925L6 excels by providing noise figure as low as 0.65 dB and high gain of 15.8 dB, thereby improving the receiver sensitivity significantly. The ever growing demand to integrate more and more functionality into one device leads to many challenges when transmitter/receiver has to work simultaneously without degrading the performance of each other. In today’s smart-phones a GNSS receiver simultaneously coexists with transceivers in the GSM/EDGE/UMTS/LTE bands. These 3G/4G transceivers transmit high power in the range of +24 dBm which due to insufficient isolation couple to the GNSS receiver. The cellular signals can mix to produce Intermodulation products exactly in the GNSS receiver frequency band. For example, GSM 1712.7 MHz mixes with UMTS 1850 MHz to produce third-order-product exactly at GPS. To quantify the effect, BGA925L6 shows Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 7 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Introduction out-of-band input IP3 at GPS of +9.5 dBm as a result of frequency mixing between GSM 1712.7 MHz and UMTS 1850 MHz with power levels of -20 dBm. BGA925L6 has a high outof-band input 3rd order intercept point (IIP3) of +9.5 dBm, so that it is especially suitable for the GPS function in mobile phones. BGA925L6 also offers sufficient rejection at 787.76MHz, which is band-13 of upcoming LTE and whose 2nd harmonic is at GPS frequency, to meet specifications of 2 nd harmonic of band13 without any additional circuitry. BGA925L6 has input referred band-13 second harmonic level of -47.5 dBm1 when the input signal of 787.76 MHz at -25 dBm is applied. Figure 2 BGA925L6 package size in comparison with 0402 and 0201 components As the industry inclines toward assembly miniaturization and also surface mount technology matures, there is a desire to have smaller and thinner components. This is especially the case with portable electronics where higher circuit density is desired. BGA925L6 has ultra small package with dimensions of 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm and it requires only two components at its input, the capacitor at the input has to be used if a DC block is required and the inductor provides input matching.This reduces the application bill of materials and the 1 nd BGA925L6 offers much improved Band-13 2 harmonic performance with slight modification to the input circuitry. For more details on this implementation refer to AN266 and AN267. Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 8 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Introduction PCB area thus making it an ideal solution for compact and cost-effective GNSS LNA. The output of the BGA925L6 is internally matched to 50 Ω, and a DC blocking capacitor is integrated on-chip, thus no external component is required at the output. The device also integrates an on-chip ESD protection which can resist until 2 kV (referenced to Human Body Model). The integrated power on/off feature provides for low power consumption and increased stand-by time for GNSS handsets. Moreover, the low current consumption (4.8 mA) makes the device suitable for portable technology like GNSS receivers and mobiles phones. The Internal circuit diagram of the BGA925L6 is presented in Figure 3. Table 1 show the pin assignment of BGA925L6. Table 2 shows the truth table to turn on/off BGA925L6 by applying different voltage to the PON pin. Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 9 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Introduction Figure 3 Table 1 Pin Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications Pin Definition Symbol Comment 1 GND General ground 2 VCC DC supply 3 AO LNA output 4 GNDRF LNA RF ground 5 AI LNA input 6 PON Power on control Table 2 Mode Switching Mode Symbol ON/OFF Control Voltage Min Max On PON, on 1.0V VCC Off PON, off 0 0.4 Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 10 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Application Circuit 3 Application Circuit 3.1 Schematic Diagram Figure 4 BGA925L6 application circuit Table 3 Symbol Bill-of-Materials Value Unit Package Manufacturer Comment C1 1 nF 0201 Various DC block C2 (optional) 10 nF 0201 Various RF bypass L1 6.2 nH 0201 Murata LQP series Input matching N1 BGA925L6 TSLP-6-2 Infineon PCB substrate FR4 Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 11 / 24 SiGe:C LNA 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Typical Measurement Results 4 Typical Measurement Results Table 4 and Table 5 show typical measurement results of the application circuit shown in Figure 4. The values given in this table include losses of the board and the SMA connectors if not otherwise stated. Table 4 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 1.8 V DC Current Icc 4.8 mA Navigation System Sys COMPASS/ Galileo GPS GLONASS Frequency Range Freq 1559-1593 1575.42 1598-1606 MHz Gain G 15.6 15.6 15.5 dB Noise Figure NF 0.72 0.73 0.73 dB Input Return Loss RLin 12.3 12.6 13.2 dB Output Return Loss RLout 20.9 23.4 27.3 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 21.9 21.8 21.7 dB Comment/Test Condition PCB and SMA losses of 0.05dB substracted fgalileo = 1559 MHz Input P1dB IP1dB -7.8 -8.1 dBm -7.9 fgps = 1575 MHz f GLONASS = 1605 MHz Output P1dB OP1dB LTE band-13 nd 2 Harmonic H2 – input referred Input IP3 In-band Output IP3 In-band IIP3 6.8 6.5 dBm 6.6 dBm -47.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 fIN = 787.76 MHz PIN = -25 dBm fH2 = 1575.52 MHz dBm f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz f2gal/gps = 1576MHz OIP3 16.7 16.8 16.8 dBm f1GLONASS =1602 MHz f2GLONASS =1603 MHz Input power= -30dBm Input IP3 out-of-band Stability IIP3OOB k Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 9.8 >1 12 / 24 dBm -- f1 = 1712.7 MHz f2 = 1850 MHz Input power = -20dBm fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz Unconditionnally Stable from 0 to 10GHz 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Table 5 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 2.8 V DC Current Icc 5.0 mA Navigation System Sys COMPASS/ Galileo GPS GLONASS Frequency Range Freq 1559-1593 1575.42 1598-1606 MHz Gain G 15.8 15.7 15.7 dB Noise Figure NF 0.74 0.74 0.74 dB Input Return Loss RLin 12.7 13.1 13.8 dB Output Return Loss RLout 19.5 22.0 29.1 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 22.3 22.2 22.1 dB Comment/Test Condition PCB and SMA losses of 0.05dB substracted fgalileo = 1559 MHz Input P1dB IP1dB -6.7 -7.0 -7.3 dBm fgps = 1575 MHz f GLONASS = 1605 MHz Output P1dB OP1dB LTE band-13 nd 2 Harmonic H2 – input referred Input IP3 In-band Output IP3 In-band IIP3 8.1 7.7 7.4 fIN = 787.76 MHz dBm PIN = -25 dBm fH2 = 1575.52 MHz -47.5 1.7 1.7 dBm 1.4 dBm f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz f2gal/gps = 1576MHz OIP3 17.5 17.4 17.1 dBm f1GLONASS =1602 MHz f2GLONASS =1603 MHz Input power= -30dBm Input IP3 out-of-band Stability IIP3OOB k Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 9.5 >1 13 / 24 dBm -- f1 = 1712.7 MHz f2 = 1850 MHz Input power = -20dBm fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz Unconditionnally Stable from 0 to 10GHz 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands 5 Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Gain 20 Gain at Vcc=1.8V Gain at Vcc=2.8V 10 1575.4 MHz 15.7 dB S21 (dB) 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 0 Figure 5 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) Power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Narrowband gain 16.6 Gain at Vcc=1.8V 16.4 Gain at Vcc=2.8V 16.2 1559 MHz 15.8 dB S21 (dB) 16 1575.4 MHz 15.7 dB 1605.4 MHz 15.7 dB 15.8 15.6 15.4 1559 MHz 15.6 dB 15.2 1575.4 MHz 15.6 dB 1605.4 MHz 15.5 dB 15 14.8 14.6 1500 Figure 6 1525 1550 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 14 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Input matching 0 S11 at Vcc=1.8V S11 at Vcc=2.8V S11 (dB) -5 1559 MHz -12.26 dB -10 1559 MHz -12.67 dB -15 -20 1500 Figure 7 1525 1550 1575.4 MHz -12.63 dB 1575.4 MHz -13.1 dB 1605.4 MHz -13.19 dB 1605.4 MHz -13.77 dB 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Input matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Output matching 0 S22 at Vcc=1.8V S22 at Vcc=2.8V -5 S22 (dB) -10 1559 MHz -19.45 dB -15 1575.4 MHz -21.95 dB -20 -25 1575.4 MHz -23.42 dB -30 -35 1500 Figure 8 1605.4 MHz -27.29 dB 1559 MHz -20.93 dB 1605.4 MHz -29.13 dB 1525 1550 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Output matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 15 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Isolation -15 S12 at Vcc=1.8V S12 at Vcc=2.8V S12 (dB) -20 1559 MHz -21.88 dB 1575.4 MHz -21.8 dB 1605.4 MHz -21.65 dB 1559 MHz -22.3 dB 1575.4 MHz -22.21 dB 1605.4 MHz -22.05 dB -25 -30 1500 Figure 9 1525 1550 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Noise figure 1 NF at Vcc=1.8V NF at Vcc=2.8V NF (dB) 0.9 1559 MHz 0.74 1575.4 MHz 0.74 1605.4 MHz 0.74 1559 MHz 0.72 1575.4 MHz 0.73 1605.4 MHz 0.73 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1559 Figure 10 1567 1575 1583 1591 Frequency (MHz) 1599 1607 1615 Noise figure of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 16 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=1.8V 20 P1dB at Vcc=1.8V Galileo (1559MHz) P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GPS (1575MHz) P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GLONASS (1605MHz) 18 Gain (dB) -25 dBm 15.58 dB 16 -7.75 dBm 14.58 dB -25 dBm 15.48 dB 14 -8.12 dBm 14.48 dB -25 dBm 15.33 dB -7.9 dBm 14.33 dB 12 10 -25 Figure 11 -20 -15 -10 Power (dBm) -5 0 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=2.8V 20 P1dB at Vcc=2.8V Galileo (1559MHz) P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GPS (1575MHz) P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GLONASS (1605MHz) 18 Gain (dB) -25 dBm 15.68 dB 16 -6.74 dBm 14.68 dB -25 dBm 15.6 dB 14 -7.27 dBm 14.46 dB -25 dBm 15.46 dB -7.04 dBm 14.6 dB 12 10 -25 Figure 12 -20 -15 -10 Power (dBm) -5 0 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 17 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands Intermodulation for GPS band 0 1575 MHz -14.48 -10 1576 MHz -14.47 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 1574 MHz -77.12 -80 -90 -100 1573 Figure 13 1574 1575 1576 Frequency (MHz) 1577 1578 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V Intermodulation for GPS band 0 1576 MHz -14.33 1575 MHz -14.34 -10 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 1574 MHz -78.05 -80 -90 -100 1573 Figure 14 1574 1575 1576 Frequency (MHz) 1577 1578 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 18 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Miscellaneous Measured Graphs 6 Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Stability K factor 3 Stability K factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability K factor at Vcc=2.8V 2 1575.4 MHz 1.25 1575.4 MHz 1.22 1 0 0 Figure 15 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz Stability Mu1 factor 4 Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=2.8V 3 1575.4 MHz 1.84 2 1 1575.4 MHz 1.75 0 0 Figure 16 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 19 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Stability Mu2 factor 3 Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=2.8V 2 1575.4 MHz 1.5 1575.4 MHz 1.44 1 0 0 Figure 17 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz 0.8 1.0 Input and Output matching with Vcc=1.8V Swp Max 1615MHz Output 2. 0 6 0. Input 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 10.0 1605.4 MHz r 0.94 x -0.055 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 18 5.0 4.0 10.0 3.0 1559 MHz r 0.84 x 0.026 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0 5.0 -10.0 0.2 1559 MHz r 0.61 x 0.069 0.6 1605.4 MHz r 0.67 x 0.16 Swp Min 1559MHz Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 20 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Swp Max 1615MHz Output 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 Input 1.0 Input and Output matching with Vcc=2.8V 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 2 -0. 10.0 -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 19 5.0 4.0 1605.4 MHz r 0.93 x 0.0025 10.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 1559 MHz r 0.62 x 0.032 0.6 0.4 0.2 1605.4 MHz r 0.68 x 0.13 -10.0 0.2 0 1559 MHz r 0.82 x 0.072 Swp Min 1559MHz Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 21 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Evaluation Board 7 Evaluation Board Figure 20 Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6 Vias FR4, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 21 FR4, 0.8mm PCB layer stack Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 22 / 24 2012-03-20 BGA925L6 Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS Authors 8 Authors Jagjit Singh Bal, Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”. Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”. Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1 23 / 24 2012-03-20 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN265