Infineon AppNote AN265 GPS GNSS Low Noise Amplifier BGA925L6

B GA 925L 6
Highl y Lin ear and L ow Nois e A mplif er
for Gl obal Na v i gati o n S atelli te S ys te m s
(G N SS ) f r om 15 50 M Hz t o 1 6 15 M Hz
Applic atio ns
Applic atio n N ote A N 265
Revision: Rev. 1.1
2012-03-20
RF and P r otecti on D evic es
Edition 2012-04-24
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2012 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
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BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Note AN265
Revision History: 2012-03-20
Previous Revision: Rev. 1.0, 2011-07-04
Page
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
12-21
Marker position and values updated
14
Gain curve updated
Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG
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AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum.
COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™
of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium.
HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™
of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS
Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of
Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems
Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc.
SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software
Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc.
TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™
of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™
of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited.
Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
3 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables
Table of Content
1
BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution ................................ 6
2
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7
3
Application Circuit ........................................................................................................................... 11
4
Typical Measurement Results ......................................................................................................... 12
5
Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ....................................... 14
6
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs ................................................................................................... 19
7
Evaluation Board .............................................................................................................................. 22
8
Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
4 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables
List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm) ........................................................ 6
BGA925L6 package size in comparison with 0402 and 0201 components ......................................... 8
Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications ................................ 10
BGA925L6 application circuit ............................................................................................................. 11
Power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................... 14
Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands........... 14
Input matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ......................... 15
Output matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ...................... 15
Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ..................... 16
Noise figure of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .............................. 16
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS
and GLONASS bands ........................................................................................................................ 17
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS
and GLONASS bands ........................................................................................................................ 17
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V .............................. 18
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V .............................. 18
Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz ....................................................................................... 19
Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 19
Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 20
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V ...... 20
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V ...... 21
Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6 ................................................................................................ 22
PCB layer stack .................................................................................................................................. 22
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Pin Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Switching Mode .................................................................................................................................. 10
Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 11
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V .............................................. 12
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V .............................................. 13
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
5 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution
1
BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated
Solution
1.1
Features
• High gain: 15.8 dB
• High out-of-band input 3rd-order intercept point: +7 dBm
• High input 1dB compression point: -5 dBm
• Low noise figure: 0.65 dB
• Low current consumption: 4.8 mA
• Operating frequency: 1550-1615 MHz
• Supply voltage: 1.5 V to 3.6 V
• Digital on/off switch (1V logic high level)
• Ultra small TSLP-6-2 leadless package
• Package dimensions: 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm
• B7HF Silicon Germanium technology
• RF output internally matched to 50 Ω
• Only two external SMD components necessary
• 2 kV HBM ESD protection (including AI-pin)
• Pb-free (RoHS compliant) package
Figure 1
BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm)
1.2
Applications
- GPS (Global Positioning System) working in the L1 band at 1575.42 MHz
- GLONASS (Russian GNSS) working in the L1 band from 1598.06 MHz to 1605.38 MHz
- Galileo (European GNSS) working in the E2-L1-E1 band from 1559 MHz to 1592 MHz
- COMPASS (Chinese Beidou Navigation System) working in E2 band at 1561.10 MHz and
E1 band at 1589.74 MHz
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
6 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction
2
Introduction
The BGA925L6 is a front-end Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) application. It is based on Infineon Technologies’ B7HF Silicon-Germanium
(SiGe:C) technology, enabling a cost-effective solution in a ultra small TSLP-6-2 package
with ultra low noise figure, high gain, high linearity and low current consumption over a wide
range of supply voltages from 3.6 V down to 1.5 V. All these features make BGA925L6 an
excellent choice for GNSS LNA as it improves sensitivity, provide greater immunity against
out-of-band jammer signals, reduces filtering requirement and hence the overall cost of the
GNSS receiver.
The GNSS satellites are at an orbit altitude of more than 20,000 km away from earth’s
surface and transmit power in the range of +47 dBm. After taking losses (atmospheric,
antenna etc.) into account, the received signal strength at the GNSS device input is very low
in the range of -130 dBm. The ability of the GNSS device to receive such a low signal
strength and provide meaningful information to the end-user depends strongly on the noise
figure of the GNSS receive chain. This ability which is called receiver sensitivity can be
improved by using a low-noise amplifier with low noise figure and high gain at the input of the
receiver chain. The improved sensitivity results in a shorter Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF), which
is the time required for a GNSS receiver to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and
calculate a position. Noise figure of the LNA defines the overall noise figure of the GNSS
receiver system. This is where BGA925L6 excels by providing noise figure as low as 0.65 dB
and high gain of 15.8 dB, thereby improving the receiver sensitivity significantly.
The ever growing demand to integrate more and more functionality into one device leads to
many challenges when transmitter/receiver has to work simultaneously without degrading the
performance of each other. In today’s smart-phones a GNSS receiver simultaneously coexists with transceivers in the GSM/EDGE/UMTS/LTE bands. These 3G/4G transceivers
transmit high power in the range of +24 dBm which due to insufficient isolation couple to the
GNSS receiver. The cellular signals can mix to produce Intermodulation products exactly in
the GNSS receiver frequency band. For example, GSM 1712.7 MHz mixes with UMTS 1850
MHz to produce third-order-product exactly at GPS. To quantify the effect, BGA925L6 shows
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
7 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction
out-of-band input IP3 at GPS of +9.5 dBm as a result of frequency mixing between GSM
1712.7 MHz and UMTS 1850 MHz with power levels of -20 dBm. BGA925L6 has a high outof-band input 3rd order intercept point (IIP3) of +9.5 dBm, so that it is especially suitable for
the GPS function in mobile phones.
BGA925L6 also offers sufficient rejection at 787.76MHz, which is band-13 of upcoming LTE
and whose 2nd harmonic is at GPS frequency, to meet specifications of 2 nd harmonic of band13 without any additional circuitry. BGA925L6 has input referred band-13 second harmonic
level of -47.5 dBm1 when the input signal of 787.76 MHz at -25 dBm is applied.
Figure 2
BGA925L6 package size in comparison with 0402 and 0201 components
As the industry inclines toward assembly miniaturization and also surface mount technology
matures, there is a desire to have smaller and thinner components. This is especially the
case with portable electronics where higher circuit density is desired. BGA925L6 has ultra
small package with dimensions of 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm and it requires only two
components at its input, the capacitor at the input has to be used if a DC block is required
and the inductor provides input matching.This reduces the application bill of materials and the
1
nd
BGA925L6 offers much improved Band-13 2 harmonic performance with slight modification to the input circuitry. For
more details on this implementation refer to AN266 and AN267.
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
8 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction
PCB area thus making it an ideal solution for compact and cost-effective GNSS LNA. The
output of the BGA925L6 is internally matched to 50 Ω, and a DC blocking capacitor is
integrated on-chip, thus no external component is required at the output.
The device also integrates an on-chip ESD protection which can resist until 2 kV (referenced
to Human Body Model). The integrated power on/off feature provides for low power
consumption and increased stand-by time for GNSS handsets. Moreover, the low current
consumption (4.8 mA) makes the device suitable for portable technology like GNSS receivers
and mobiles phones.
The Internal circuit diagram of the BGA925L6 is presented in Figure 3. Table 1 show the pin
assignment of BGA925L6. Table 2 shows the truth table to turn on/off BGA925L6 by applying
different voltage to the PON pin.
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
9 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction
Figure 3
Table 1
Pin
Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications
Pin Definition
Symbol
Comment
1
GND
General ground
2
VCC
DC supply
3
AO
LNA output
4
GNDRF
LNA RF ground
5
AI
LNA input
6
PON
Power on control
Table 2
Mode
Switching Mode
Symbol
ON/OFF Control Voltage
Min
Max
On
PON, on
1.0V
VCC
Off
PON, off
0
0.4
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
10 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Circuit
3
Application Circuit
3.1
Schematic Diagram
Figure 4
BGA925L6 application circuit
Table 3
Symbol
Bill-of-Materials
Value
Unit
Package
Manufacturer
Comment
C1
1
nF
0201
Various
DC block
C2 (optional)
10
nF
0201
Various
RF bypass
L1
6.2
nH
0201
Murata LQP series Input matching
N1
BGA925L6
TSLP-6-2
Infineon
PCB
substrate
FR4
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
11 / 24
SiGe:C LNA
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Typical Measurement Results
4
Typical Measurement Results
Table 4 and Table 5 show typical measurement results of the application circuit shown in
Figure 4. The values given in this table include losses of the board and the SMA connectors if
not otherwise stated.
Table 4
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8 V
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
DC Voltage
Vcc
1.8
V
DC Current
Icc
4.8
mA
Navigation
System
Sys
COMPASS/ Galileo
GPS
GLONASS
Frequency
Range
Freq
1559-1593
1575.42
1598-1606
MHz
Gain
G
15.6
15.6
15.5
dB
Noise Figure
NF
0.72
0.73
0.73
dB
Input Return
Loss
RLin
12.3
12.6
13.2
dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout
20.9
23.4
27.3
dB
Reverse
Isolation
IRev
21.9
21.8
21.7
dB
Comment/Test
Condition
PCB and SMA losses
of 0.05dB substracted
fgalileo = 1559 MHz
Input P1dB
IP1dB
-7.8
-8.1
dBm
-7.9
fgps = 1575 MHz
f GLONASS = 1605 MHz
Output P1dB
OP1dB
LTE band-13
nd
2 Harmonic
H2 – input
referred
Input IP3
In-band
Output IP3
In-band
IIP3
6.8
6.5
dBm
6.6
dBm
-47.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
fIN = 787.76 MHz
PIN = -25 dBm
fH2 = 1575.52 MHz
dBm
f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz
f2gal/gps = 1576MHz
OIP3
16.7
16.8
16.8
dBm
f1GLONASS =1602 MHz
f2GLONASS =1603 MHz
Input power= -30dBm
Input IP3
out-of-band
Stability
IIP3OOB
k
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
9.8
>1
12 / 24
dBm
--
f1 = 1712.7 MHz
f2 = 1850 MHz
Input power = -20dBm
fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz
Unconditionnally
Stable from 0 to
10GHz
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Table 5
Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
DC Voltage
Vcc
2.8
V
DC Current
Icc
5.0
mA
Navigation
System
Sys
COMPASS/ Galileo
GPS
GLONASS
Frequency
Range
Freq
1559-1593
1575.42
1598-1606
MHz
Gain
G
15.8
15.7
15.7
dB
Noise Figure
NF
0.74
0.74
0.74
dB
Input Return
Loss
RLin
12.7
13.1
13.8
dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout
19.5
22.0
29.1
dB
Reverse
Isolation
IRev
22.3
22.2
22.1
dB
Comment/Test
Condition
PCB and SMA losses
of 0.05dB substracted
fgalileo = 1559 MHz
Input P1dB
IP1dB
-6.7
-7.0
-7.3
dBm fgps = 1575 MHz
f GLONASS = 1605 MHz
Output P1dB
OP1dB
LTE band-13
nd
2 Harmonic
H2 – input
referred
Input IP3
In-band
Output IP3
In-band
IIP3
8.1
7.7
7.4
fIN = 787.76 MHz
dBm PIN = -25 dBm
fH2 = 1575.52 MHz
-47.5
1.7
1.7
dBm
1.4
dBm
f1gal/gps = 1575 MHz
f2gal/gps = 1576MHz
OIP3
17.5
17.4
17.1
dBm f1GLONASS =1602 MHz
f2GLONASS =1603 MHz
Input power= -30dBm
Input IP3
out-of-band
Stability
IIP3OOB
k
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
9.5
>1
13 / 24
dBm
--
f1 = 1712.7 MHz
f2 = 1850 MHz
Input power = -20dBm
fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz
Unconditionnally
Stable from 0 to
10GHz
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
5
Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS
bands
Gain
20
Gain at Vcc=1.8V
Gain at Vcc=2.8V
10
1575.4 MHz
15.7 dB
S21 (dB)
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0
Figure 5
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
Frequency (MHz)
Power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Narrowband gain
16.6
Gain at Vcc=1.8V
16.4
Gain at Vcc=2.8V
16.2
1559 MHz
15.8 dB
S21 (dB)
16
1575.4 MHz
15.7 dB
1605.4 MHz
15.7 dB
15.8
15.6
15.4
1559 MHz
15.6 dB
15.2
1575.4 MHz
15.6 dB
1605.4 MHz
15.5 dB
15
14.8
14.6
1500
Figure 6
1525
1550
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
14 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Input matching
0
S11 at Vcc=1.8V
S11 at Vcc=2.8V
S11 (dB)
-5
1559 MHz
-12.26 dB
-10
1559 MHz
-12.67 dB
-15
-20
1500
Figure 7
1525
1550
1575.4 MHz
-12.63 dB
1575.4 MHz
-13.1 dB
1605.4 MHz
-13.19 dB
1605.4 MHz
-13.77 dB
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Input matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Output matching
0
S22 at Vcc=1.8V
S22 at Vcc=2.8V
-5
S22 (dB)
-10
1559 MHz
-19.45 dB
-15
1575.4 MHz
-21.95 dB
-20
-25
1575.4 MHz
-23.42 dB
-30
-35
1500
Figure 8
1605.4 MHz
-27.29 dB
1559 MHz
-20.93 dB
1605.4 MHz
-29.13 dB
1525
1550
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Output matching of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
15 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Isolation
-15
S12 at Vcc=1.8V
S12 at Vcc=2.8V
S12 (dB)
-20
1559 MHz
-21.88 dB
1575.4 MHz
-21.8 dB
1605.4 MHz
-21.65 dB
1559 MHz
-22.3 dB
1575.4 MHz
-22.21 dB
1605.4 MHz
-22.05 dB
-25
-30
1500
Figure 9
1525
1550
1575
1600
Frequency (MHz)
1625
1650
Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Noise figure
1
NF at Vcc=1.8V
NF at Vcc=2.8V
NF (dB)
0.9
1559 MHz
0.74
1575.4 MHz
0.74
1605.4 MHz
0.74
1559 MHz
0.72
1575.4 MHz
0.73
1605.4 MHz
0.73
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1559
Figure 10
1567
1575
1583
1591
Frequency (MHz)
1599
1607
1615
Noise figure of BGA925L6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
16 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=1.8V
20
P1dB at Vcc=1.8V Galileo (1559MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GPS (1575MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GLONASS (1605MHz)
18
Gain (dB)
-25 dBm
15.58 dB
16
-7.75 dBm
14.58 dB
-25 dBm
15.48 dB
14
-8.12 dBm
14.48 dB
-25 dBm
15.33 dB
-7.9 dBm
14.33 dB
12
10
-25
Figure 11
-20
-15
-10
Power (dBm)
-5
0
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for COMPASS, Galileo,
GPS and GLONASS bands
Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=2.8V
20
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V Galileo (1559MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GPS (1575MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GLONASS (1605MHz)
18
Gain (dB)
-25 dBm
15.68 dB
16
-6.74 dBm
14.68 dB
-25 dBm
15.6 dB
14
-7.27 dBm
14.46 dB
-25 dBm
15.46 dB
-7.04 dBm
14.6 dB
12
10
-25
Figure 12
-20
-15
-10
Power (dBm)
-5
0
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for COMPASS, Galileo,
GPS and GLONASS bands
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
17 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measured Graphs for COMPASS/Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Intermodulation for GPS band
0
1575 MHz
-14.48
-10
1576 MHz
-14.47
-20
Power (dBm)
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
1574 MHz
-77.12
-80
-90
-100
1573
Figure 13
1574
1575
1576
Frequency (MHz)
1577
1578
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V
Intermodulation for GPS band
0
1576 MHz
-14.33
1575 MHz
-14.34
-10
-20
Power (dBm)
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
1574 MHz
-78.05
-80
-90
-100
1573
Figure 14
1574
1575
1576
Frequency (MHz)
1577
1578
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
18 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
6
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
Stability K factor
3
Stability K factor at Vcc=1.8V
Stability K factor at Vcc=2.8V
2
1575.4 MHz
1.25
1575.4 MHz
1.22
1
0
0
Figure 15
1000
2000
3000
4000 5000 6000
Frequency (MHz)
7000
8000
9000 10000
Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz
Stability Mu1 factor
4
Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=1.8V
Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=2.8V
3
1575.4 MHz
1.84
2
1
1575.4 MHz
1.75
0
0
Figure 16
1000
2000
3000
4000 5000 6000
Frequency (MHz)
7000
8000
9000 10000
Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
19 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
Stability Mu2 factor
3
Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=1.8V
Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=2.8V
2
1575.4 MHz
1.5
1575.4 MHz
1.44
1
0
0
Figure 17
1000
2000
3000
4000 5000 6000
Frequency (MHz)
7000
8000
9000 10000
Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz
0.8
1.0
Input and Output matching with Vcc=1.8V
Swp Max
1615MHz
Output
2.
0
6
0.
Input
0.
4
0
3.
0
4.
10.0
1605.4 MHz
r 0.94
x -0.055
2
-0.
-4
.0
-5.
0
-3
.0
.0
-2
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
.4
-0
Figure 18
5.0
4.0
10.0
3.0
1559 MHz
r 0.84
x 0.026
2.0
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.2
0
5.0
-10.0
0.2
1559 MHz
r 0.61
x 0.069
0.6
1605.4 MHz
r 0.67
x 0.16
Swp Min
1559MHz
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
20 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Miscellaneous Measured Graphs
Swp Max
1615MHz
Output
2.
0
6
0.
0.8
Input
1.0
Input and Output matching with Vcc=2.8V
0.
4
0
3.
0
4.
5.0
2
-0.
10.0
-4
.0
-5.
0
-3
.0
.0
-2
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
.4
-0
Figure 19
5.0
4.0
1605.4 MHz
r 0.93
x 0.0025
10.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.8
1559 MHz
r 0.62
x 0.032
0.6
0.4
0.2
1605.4 MHz
r 0.68
x 0.13
-10.0
0.2
0
1559 MHz
r 0.82
x 0.072
Swp Min
1559MHz
Input and output matching for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
21 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Evaluation Board
7
Evaluation Board
Figure 20
Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6
Vias
FR4, 0.2mm
Copper
35µm
Figure 21
FR4, 0.8mm
PCB layer stack
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
22 / 24
2012-03-20
BGA925L6
Highly Linear LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Authors
8
Authors
Jagjit Singh Bal, Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”.
Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”.
Application Note AN265, Rev. 1.1
23 / 24
2012-03-20
w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m
Published by Infineon Technologies AG
AN265