B GA 925L 6 Impro vi ng I mmuni t y of B GA 92 5L6 agains t O ut - Of -B an d J a m me r s (LT E Ban d -1 3, G S M85 0/9 00/18 00, U MT S, WLA N) App lic atio n N ote A N 274 Revision: Rev. 1.1 2012-04-17 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2012-04-24 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2012 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. 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Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Application Note AN274 Revision History: 2012-04-17 Previous Revision: Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-05 Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) 10-19 Markers and corresponding values updated Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 3 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution ................................ 6 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3 Application Circuit ............................................................................................................................. 9 4 Typical Measurement Results ......................................................................................................... 10 5 Measured Graphs for GPS and GLONASS bands ........................................................................ 12 6 Miscellaneous Measured Graphs ................................................................................................... 17 7 Evaluation Board .............................................................................................................................. 20 8 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 4 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Table of Content, List of Figures and Tables List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm) ........................................................ 6 Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications .................................. 8 BGA925L6 application circuit for improved rejection of out-of-band jammers ..................................... 9 Power gain of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands ................................................................ 12 Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands ............................................ 12 Input matching of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands ........................................................... 13 Output matching of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands ........................................................ 13 Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands ....................................................... 14 Noise figure of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands ............................................................... 14 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for GPS and GLONASS bands .................................................................................................................................................. 15 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for GPS and GLONASS bands .................................................................................................................................................. 15 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V .............................. 16 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V .............................. 16 Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz ....................................................................................... 17 Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 17 Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz..................................................................................... 18 Input and output matching for GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V ....................................... 18 Input and output matching for GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V ....................................... 19 Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6 ................................................................................................ 20 PCB layer stack .................................................................................................................................. 20 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Pin Definition ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Switching Mode .................................................................................................................................... 8 Bill-of-Materials..................................................................................................................................... 9 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8V ............................................... 10 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8V ............................................... 11 Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 5 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution 1 BGA925L6 GPS Front-End LNA for High Performance Integrated Solution 1.1 Features • High gain: 15.8 dB • High out-of-band input 3rd-order intercept point: +7 dBm • High input 1dB compression point: -5 dBm • Low noise figure: 0.65 dB • Low current consumption: 4.8 mA • Operating frequency: 1550-1615 MHz • Supply voltage: 1.5 V to 3.6 V • Digital on/off switch (1V logic high level) • Ultra small TSLP-6-2 leadless package • Package dimensions: 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm • B7HF Silicon Germanium technology • RF output internally matched to 50 Ω • Only two external SMD components necessary • 2 kV HBM ESD protection (including AI-pin) • Pb-free (RoHS compliant) package Figure 1 BGA925L6 in TSLP-6-2 Package (0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.40mm) 1.2 Applications - GPS (Global Positioning System) working in the L1 band at 1575.42 MHz - GLONASS (Russian GNSS) working in the L1 band from 1598.06 MHz to 1605.38 MHz - Galileo1 (European GNSS) working in the E2-L1-E1 band from 1559 MHz to 1592 MHz - COMPASS1 (Chinese Beidou Navigation System) working in E2 band at 1561.10 MHz and E1 band at 1589.74 MHz 1 The application circuit (Figure 3) proposed in this Application Note is suitable for GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 6 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Introduction 2 Introduction The BGA925L6 is a front-end Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) application. It is based on Infineon Technologies’ B7HF Silicon-Germanium (SiGe:C) technology, enabling a cost-effective solution in a ultra small TSLP-6-2 package with ultra low noise figure, high gain, high linearity and low current consumption over a wide range of supply voltages from 3.6 V down to 1.5 V. All these features make BGA925L6 an excellent choice for GNSS LNA as it improves sensitivity, provide greater immunity against out-of-band jammer signals, reduces filtering requirement and hence the overall cost of the GNSS receiver. This application note addresses the issue of out-of-band jammers and improving the immunity of BGA925L6 against these jammers. The out-of-band signals considered are LTE Band-13, GSM850/900/1800, UMTS and WLAN as their intermodulation products fall into GPS band. The ever growing demand to integrate more and more functionality into one device leads to many challenges when transmitter/receiver has to work simultaneously without degrading the performance of each other. In today’s smart-phones a GNSS receiver simultaneously coexists with transceivers in the GSM/EDGE/UMTS/LTE bands. These 3G/4G transceivers transmit high power in the range of +24 dBm which due to insufficient isolation couple to the GNSS receiver. The cellular signals can mix to produce Intermodulation products exactly in the GNSS receiver frequency band. For example, GSM 1712.7 MHz mixes with UMTS 1850 MHz to produce third-order-product exactly at GPS, LTE Band-13 2nd harmonic falls into GPS band, GSM 827/897 MHz mixes with WLAN 2402/2472 MHz to produce second-orderproduct at GPS. The jamming resistance of BGA925L6 against these jammers is improved by increasing the attenuation of the circuit at these specific out-of-band frequencies (787MHz, 827MHz, 897MHz, 1712MHz, 1850MHz, 2402MHz, 2472MHz). This is achieved by using external SMDs and a SAW filter before BGA925L6. In some applications where more rejection is required at special frequencies and SAW filter alone cannot provide sufficient attenuation, Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 7 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Introduction some external notches can be designed for those frequencies. Figure 3 shows such an application circuit where notches have been designed to attenuate 787MHz, 827MHz, 897MHz, 2402 MHz and 2472MHz. The notches L2-C1/L4-C4 and L5-C5 are designed for 750-950MHz range and 2.45GHz respectively. The component values are fine tuned so as to have optimal noise figure, jammer rejection, gain and input matching. The Internal circuit diagram of the BGA925L6 is presented in Figure 2. Table 1 shows the pin assignment of BGA925L6. Table 2 shows the truth table to turn on/off BGA925L6 by applying different voltage to the PON pin. Figure 2 Table 1 Pin Block diagram of the BGA925L6 for GNSS band 1559-1615MHz applications Pin Definition Symbol Comment 1 GND General ground 2 VCC DC supply 3 AO LNA output 4 GNDRF LNA RF ground 5 AI LNA input 6 PON Power on control Table 2 Mode Switching Mode Symbol ON/OFF Control Voltage Min Max On PON, on 1.0 V VCC Off PON, off 0V 0.4 V Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 8 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Application Circuit 3 Application Circuit 3.1 Schematic Diagram N1 L2 N2 GNDRF, 4 SAW RFin BGA925L6 RFout AO, 3 Vcc L1 AI, 5 VCC, 2 C2 (optional) C1 Figure 3 L4 L5 C4 C5 PON, 6 GND, 1 Pon BGA925L6 application circuit for improved rejection of out-of-band jammers Table 3 Symbol Bill-of-Materials Value Unit Package Manufacturer Comment C2 (optional) 10 nF 0201 Various RF bypass L1 6.8 nH 0201 Murata LQP series Matching between SAW and LNA L2 4.3 nH 0201 Murata LQP series 750-950 MHz Notch C1 9.0 pF 0201 Various L4 4.7 nH 0201 Murata LQP series 750-950 MHz Notch C4 7.0 pF 0201 Various L5 3.3 nH 0201 Murata LQP series 2.45 GHz Notch C5 1.0 pF 0201 Various 2.45 GHz Notch N1 BGA925L6 TSLP-6-2 Infineon SiGe:C LNA SAW TSNP-7-10 N2 1 PCB substrate 1 750-950 MHz Notch 750-950 MHz Notch SAW filter of BGM1033N7 used in this application circuit FR4 Please contact Infineon regarding the external SAW filter used in this application circuit Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 9 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Typical Measurement Results 4 Typical Measurement Results Table 4 and Table 5 show typical measurement results of the application circuit shown in Figure 3. The values given in this table include losses of the board and the SMA connectors if not otherwise stated. Table 4 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 1.8V Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 1.8 V DC Current Icc 5.0 mA Navigation System Sys GPS GLONASS Frequency Range Freq 1575.42 1598-1606 MHz Gain G 14.7 14.4 dB Noise Figure NF 1.95 2.37 dB Input Return Loss RLin 17.6 18.4 dB Output Return Loss RLout 29.7 20.6 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 22.8 22.9 dB Input P1dB IP1dB -6.5 -6.2 dBm Output P1dB OP1dB 7.2 7.2 dBm IIP3 -2.5 -2.0 dBm Input IP3 In-band Output IP3 In-band LTE band-13 nd 2 Harmonic Output IM2 Out-of-band Output IM2 Out-of-band Input IP3 Out-of-band Stability Comment/Test Condition PCB and SMA connector losses of 0.06 dB substracted fgps = 1575.42 MHz f GLONASS = 1605 MHz f1gps = 1575.5 MHz, f2gps = 1576.5 MHz OIP3 12.2 12.4 dBm f1GLONASS = 1602 MHz, f2GLONASS = 1603 MHz Input power = -30 dBm H2 dBm -92.3 fIN = 787.76 MHz, PIN = +15 dBm; fH2 = 1575.52 MHz f1 = 827 MHz, P1IN = +12 dBm; IM2 -114.1 dBm f2 = 2402 MHz, P2IN = +8 dBm fIM2 = 1575 MHz IM2 f1 = 897 MHz, P1IN = +12 dBm; dBm f2 = 2472 MHz, P2IN = +8 dBm fIM2 = 1575 MHz -111.6 f1 = 1712.7 MHz, P1IN = +10 dBm; IIP3OOB 67.1 dBm f2 = 1850 MHz, P2IN = +10 dBm fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz k Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 -- >1 10 / 22 Unconditionally Stable from 0 to 10GHz 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Table 5 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature), Vcc = Vpon = 2.8V Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 2.8 V DC Current Icc 5.2 mA Navigation System Sys GPS GLONASS Frequency Range Freq 1575.42 1598-1606 MHz Gain G 14.8 14.5 dB Noise Figure NF 1.96 2.39 dB Input Return Loss RLin 18.5 19.1 dB Output Return Loss RLout 24.6 22.8 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 23.2 23.3 dB Input P1dB IP1dB -5.3 -4.9 dBm Output P1dB OP1dB 8.5 8.6 dBm IIP3 -2.4 -1.9 dBm Input IP3 In-band Output IP3 In-band LTE band-13 nd 2 Harmonic Output IM2 Out-of-band Output IM2 Out-of-band Input IP3 Out-of-band Stability Comment/Test Condition PCB and SMA connector losses of 0.06 dB substracted fgps = 1575.42 MHz f GLONASS = 1605 MHz f1gps = 1575.5 MHz, f2gps = 1576.5 MHz OIP3 12.4 12.6 dBm f1GLONASS = 1602 MHz, f2GLONASS = 1603 MHz Input power = -30 dBm H2 dBm -92.8 fIN = 787.76 MHz, PIN = +15 dBm; fH2 = 1575.52 MHz f1 = 827 MHz, P1IN = +12 dBm; IM2 -114.3 dBm f2 = 2402 MHz, P2IN = +8 dBm fIM2 = 1575 MHz IM2 -111.9 f1 = 897 MHz, P1IN = +12 dBm; dBm f2 = 2472 MHz, P2IN = +8 dBm fIM2 = 1575 MHz IIP3OOB 67.1 dBm f2 = 1850 MHz, P2IN = +10 dBm f1 = 1712.7 MHz, P1IN = +10 dBm; fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz k Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 -- >1 11 / 22 Unconditionally Stable from 0 to 10GHz 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Measured Graphs for GPS and GLONASS bands 5 Measured Graphs for GPS and GLONASS bands Gain 20 1575.4 MHz 14.8 dB 10 Gain at Vcc=1.8V Gain at Vcc=2.8V 0 S21 (dB) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 787.76 MHz -63.3 dB -60 -70 -80 0 Figure 4 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) Wideband Power gain of BGA925L6 Narrowband gain 15 1575.4 MHz 14.8 dB 14.5 Gain at Vcc=1.8V Gain at Vcc=2.8V 1575.4 MHz 14.7 dB 14 S21 (dB) 1605.4 MHz 14.5 dB 1605.4 MHz 14.4 dB 13.5 13 12.5 12 1500 Figure 5 1525 1550 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Narrowband power gain of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 12 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Measured Graphs for GPS and GLONASS bands Input matching 0 S11 at Vcc=1.8V S11 at Vcc=2.8V -5 S11 (dB) -10 -15 1575.4 MHz -17.6 dB -20 1575.4 MHz -18.5 dB 1605.4 MHz -18.4 dB 1605.4 MHz -19.1 dB -25 -30 1500 Figure 6 1525 1550 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Input matching of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands Output matching 0 S22 at Vcc=1.8V S22 at Vcc=2.8V -5 S22 (dB) -10 -15 -20 1605.4 MHz -20.6 dB -25 1575.4 MHz -24.6 dB -30 1575.4 MHz -29.7 dB -35 -40 1500 Figure 7 1605.4 MHz -22.8 dB 1525 1550 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Output matching of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 13 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Measured Graphs for GPS and GLONASS bands Isolation -20 S12 at Vcc=1.8V 1575.4 MHz -22.8 dB S12 (dB) -22 1605.4 MHz -22.9 dB S12 at Vcc=2.8V -24 1575.4 MHz -23.2 dB 1605.4 MHz -23.3 dB -26 -28 -30 1500 Figure 8 1525 1550 1575 1600 Frequency (MHz) 1625 1650 Reverse isolation of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands Noise figure 3.1 NF at Vcc=1.8V NF at Vcc=2.8V 2.9 1605.4 MHz 2.39 NF (dB) 2.7 2.5 2.3 1575.4 MHz 1.96 1605.4 MHz 2.37 2.1 1.9 1575.4 MHz 1.95 1.7 1.5 1559 Figure 9 1567 1575 1583 1591 Frequency (MHz) 1599 1607 1615 Noise figure of BGA925L6 for GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 14 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Measured Graphs for GPS and GLONASS bands Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=1.8V 16 P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GPS (1575.42MHz) P1dB at Vcc=1.8V GLONASS (1605MHz) -25 dBm 14.6 dB 15 Gain (dB) 14 -6.52 dBm 13.6 dB -25 dBm 14.3 dB 13 -6.17 dBm 13.3 dB 12 11 10 -25 Figure 10 -20 -15 -10 Power (dBm) -5 0 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 1.8V for GPS and GLONASS bands Compression point at 1dB with Vcc=2.8V 16 P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GPS (1575.42MHz) 15 -5.28 dBm 13.7 dB -25 dBm 14.4 dB 14 Gain (dB) P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GLONASS (1605MHz) -25 dBm 14.7 dB 13 -4.9 dBm 13.4 dB 12 11 10 -25 Figure 11 -20 -15 -10 Power (dBm) -5 0 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA925L6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for GPS and GLONASS bands Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 15 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Measured Graphs for GPS and GLONASS bands Intermodulation for GPS band 0 -10 1576.5 MHz -15.63 1575.5 MHz -15.56 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 1577.5 MHz -71.25 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 1573.5 Figure 12 1574.5 1575.5 1576.5 Frequency (MHz) 1577.5 1578.5 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=1.8V Intermodulation for GPS band 0 -10 1575.5 MHz -15.44 1576.5 MHz -15.51 -20 Power (dBm) -30 -40 -50 1577.5 MHz -71.33 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 1573.5 Figure 13 1574.5 1575.5 1576.5 Frequency (MHz) 1577.5 1578.5 Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA925L6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 16 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Miscellaneous Measured Graphs 6 Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Stability K factor 3 Stability K factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability K factor at Vcc=2.8V 2 1575.4 MHz 1.44 1 0 0 Figure 14 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Stability factor k of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz Stability Mu1 factor 3 Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability Mu1 factor at Vcc=2.8V 1575.4 MHz 2.28 2 1 0 0 Figure 15 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Stability factor µ1 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 17 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Stability Mu2 factor 3 1575.4 MHz 1.93 2 1 Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=1.8V Stability Mu2 factor at Vcc=2.8V 0 0 Figure 16 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Stability factor µ2 of BGA925L6 upto 10GHz 0.8 1.0 Input and Output matching with Vcc=1.8V Swp Max 1615MHz Output 2. 0 6 0. Input 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.4 -3 .0 0 0.8 -4 .0 -5. 0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 17 10.0 1575.4 MHz r 1.1 x -0.27 1605.4 MHz r 0.84 x -0.16 2 -0. 1605.4 MHz r 1.1 x -0.15 -10.0 0.2 1575.4 MHz r 0.95 x 0.038 Swp Min 1559MHz Input and output matching for GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=1.8V Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 18 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Miscellaneous Measured Graphs Swp Max 1615MHz Output 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 Input 1.0 Input and Output matching with Vcc=2.8V 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1605.4 MHz r 1.1 x -0.069 2.0 0.2 1575.4 MHz r 0.94 x 0.098 1575.4 MHz r 1.1 x -0.23 -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 18 -10.0 1605.4 MHz r 0.83 x -0.13 2 -0. Swp Min 1559MHz Input and output matching for GPS and GLONASS bands with Vcc=2.8V Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 19 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Evaluation Board 7 Evaluation Board Figure 19 Populated PCB picture of BGA925L6 Vias FR4, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 20 FR4, 0.8mm PCB layer stack Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 20 / 22 2012-04-17 BGA925L6 Improving Immunity of BGA925L6 against Out-Of-Band Jammers Authors 8 Authors Jagjit Singh Bal, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Kai Jung, Development Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Application Note AN274, Rev. 1.1 21 / 22 2012-04-17 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN274