BFP640FESD LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz A pplication A pplication Note AN194 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2010-03-09 RF and Protection Devices Edition 2010-03-09 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2010 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BFP640FESD LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Application Note AN194 Revision History: 2010-03-09 Previous Revision: No Previous Revision Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG A-GOLD™, BlueMoon™, COMNEON™, CONVERGATE™, COSIC™, C166™, CROSSAVE™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CONVERPATH™, CORECONTROL™, DAVE™, DUALFALC™, DUSLIC™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPACK™, EconoPIM™, E-GOLD™, EiceDRIVER™, EUPEC™, ELIC™, EPIC™, FALC™, FCOS™, FLEXISLIC™, GEMINAX™, GOLDMOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, INCA™, ISAC™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, IWORX™, M-GOLD™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, MUSLIC™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OCTALFALC™, OCTAT™, OmniTune™, OmniVia™, OptiMOS™, OPTIVERSE™, ORIGA™, PROFET™, PRO-SIL™, PrimePACK™, QUADFALC™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SCEPTRE™, SCOUT™, S-GOLD™, SensoNor™, SEROCCO™, SICOFI™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SLIC™, SMARTi™, SmartLEWIS™, SMINT™, SOCRATES™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TrueNTRY™, TriCore™, TRENCHSTOP™, VINAX™, VINETIC™, VIONTIC™, WildPass™, X-GOLD™, XMM™, X-PMU™, XPOSYS™, XWAY™. Other Trademarks AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. Mifare™ of NXP. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO. OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Sattelite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2009-10-19 Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 3 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application TIntroduction Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................5 2 Typical Measurement Results...........................................................................................................6 3 Application Information.....................................................................................................................8 4 Measured Graphs.............................................................................................................................10 5 Evaluation Board Information.........................................................................................................16 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Schematics of the BFP640FESD in GPS system ................................................................................5 Measurement Set-up for Out-of-band intermodulation measurement .................................................7 Schematics of the application circuit ....................................................................................................9 Power Gain of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application......................................................10 Noise Figure of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application ....................................................11 Input Matching of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application.................................................11 Output Matching of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application ..............................................12 Compression point at 1dB of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application...............................12 Reverse Isolation of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application.............................................13 K-factor Stability of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application ..............................................13 μ-factor Stability of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application ..............................................13 3rd Order Intercept point of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application ..................................14 GPS Harmonic of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application (Harmonic generated using two tones 1713.42 and 1851.24MHz with Input Power -30dBm for out-of-band IP3 measurement).......14 Input and Output Matching Z-Parameters of the BPF640FESD for GPS 1575MHz application. ......15 Photo Picture of BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz application .........................................................16 PCB Layer Information.......................................................................................................................16 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Summary of Measurement Results......................................................................................................6 Bill-of-Materials.....................................................................................................................................9 Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 4 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application TIntroduction 1 Introduction The BFP640FESD is an outstanding performance bipolar transistor intented to a wide range of wireless applications. It is based upon Infineon Technologies’ B7HF 70 GHz fT SiliconGermanium (Si:Ge) technology, allowing for a cost-effective solution with excellent performance at low current consumption. Infineon Technologies Provides also an interesting range of components for GPS systems like the Discretes switches, GPS MMIC (integrating pre- and post-filter for better linearity) and Diodes for additive ESD protection. 1.1 Applications The actual Application note presents the comparison of performance between BFP640F and BFP640FESD protected by an ESD diode (Maximum Voltage peak of 3kV). Using BFP640F on electronic applications offers the security to protect the devices by ElectroStatic Discharge. Therefore, the BFP640FESD avoids to add additional part in order to protect the system of ESD. The BFP640FESD is presented here using external parts for a GPS 1575MHz configuration. (please refer to Figure 1). Figure 1 Schematics of the BFP640FESD in GPS system Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 5 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Typical Measurement Results 2 Typical Measurement Results Table 2 shows the measurement results comparison between the device BFP640F with and without ESD protection. Thus, the BFP640FESD solution provides a Gain of 16.5dB for a noise figure of 0.75dB (including SMA and PCB lossed of 0.15dB). Moreover, the Input/output matching reaches a minimum value of 12,0dB (please see Table 2). At the GPS frequency of 1575MHz, using two tones separated of 1MHz, the output thirdorder intercept point reaches +17.7 dBm. Besides we obtain an input -1dB-compression point of -16.3 dBm. Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results Parameter Symbol Value Unit Frequency Range Freq 1.575 GHz DC Voltage Vcc 2.1 V Device BFP640FESD BFP640F Note/Test Condition DC Current Icc 7.5 8.0 mA Gain G 16.5 15.2 dB Measured with input impedance of 50 Ω Noise Figure NF 0.75 0.8 dB Results including the SMA and PCB losses of 0.15dB Measured with 50 Ω system Input Return Loss RLin 12 14.6 dB Output Return Loss RLout 19.5 12.1 dB IRev 29.4 27.1 dB Input P1dB IP1dB -16.3 -13.6 Output P1dB OP1dB -0.6 0.4 In-band Input IP3 In-IIP3 1.2 4.0 In-band Output IP3 In-OIP3 17.7 19.2 Out-band Input IP3 Out-IIP3 6.6 6.4 Out-band output IP3* Out-OIP3 21.8 20.4 Reverse Isolation Stability k Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 >1 6 / 18 Reverse Power =-20dBm f1=1575MHz, f2=1576MHz ∆f=1MHz Input Power=-30dBm. f1=1713.42MHz, f2=1581.24MHz Input Power=-30dBm. Output measured at 1575.6MHz Unconditionnally stable from 10MHz to 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Typical Measurement Results Table 1 Parameter Summary of Measurement Results Symbol Value Unit Note/Test Condition 10GHz *Out-of-band IP3 measurement details explained on page 8 Out-of-Band Measurement: This Test is quite special since we are generating 2 tones in input, but out of the GPS frequency. There are a lot of possible measurements concerning out-of-band tests. A GPS module is sometimes integrated on mobile phones which, by the way, generates some unwanted GSM, FM WLAN harmonics (called jammers) for GPS signal….The objective of this measurement is to see the perturbation of these harmonics on GPS signal. In this manner, we generate one tone at 1713.42MHz and another one at 1851.24MHz (GSM/DCS frequency band) which create an Harmonic at 1575.6MHz on GPS band at input of the device (please see the measurement setup on figure 2 below). Figure 2 Measurement Set-up for Out-of-band intermodulation measurement After measurement at Output of the LNA, we can determine the level of harmonic created at GPS frequency and thus with the gain measured of the LNA, the Mixing product generated at input of the device. With -30dBm for the 2 GSM tones (at 1713.42MHz and 1851.24MHz) we can calculate the Input 3rd Intercept Point as below: Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 7 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application TApplication InformationT IIP3 = Pin1713,42 + (Pin1851,24 − Pin1575,6 ) = Pin1713,42 + (Pin1851,24 − (Pout1575,6 − Gain) 2 2 (−30dBm− (−86,7dBm− 16,5dB)) (−30dBm+ 103,2dBm) IIP3 = −30dBm+ = −30dBm+ = −30dBm+ 36,6dBm 2 2 IIP3 =+ 6,6dBm 3 Application Information 3.1 Schematic of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Figure 3 shows the schematics of the optimized circuit working at 2.1V and 8.0mA. The two microstrip lines of 0.89mm length each are designed for the FR4 PCB board with the RF ground metal layer of 250µm beneath the top metal layer of the mircostrip lines. In order to avoid unexpected feedback amoung the input, output, Vcc line and emitter grounding, the grounding positions of C2, C3/C4 and the microstrips M1 must be well separated. The R4 of 75 Ohm connected from the output to ground is considered for gain reduction. If a higher gain is desired in the application, higher values of R4 (100 Ohm upwards) can be used here with a good output matching. One additional capacitor should be used if the output port is not DC free to avoid the DC current flow through R4 to the ground. Table 2 shows the bill of materials used in this circuit. Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 8 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application TApplication InformationT V cc = 2.1 V J2 DC Connector C2 100nF R2 36 kohms C1 22pF M1 Figure 3 Table 2 Symbol C3 100nF C4 5.6pF L2 8.2nH J3 C5 1.8pF Q1 M1 I = 7.5 mA R3 15 ohms L1 22nH J1 RF INPUT R1 0 ohms BFP640FESD SiGe Transistor RF OUTPUT R4 75 ohms Schematics of the application circuit Bill-of-Materials Value Unit Size C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 22 100 100 5.6 1.8 L1 22 pF nF nF pF pF nH 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 L2 8.2 nH 0402 R1 R2 R3 R4 0 36 15 75 Ω KΩ Ω Ω 0402 0402 0402 0402 M1 Width=0.25mm Length=0.89mm Q1 BFP640F Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 TSFP-4 Manufacturer Various Various Various Various Various Murata LQP15M series Murata LQP15M series Various Various Various Various Comment Input Matching/DC Block HF to ground HF to ground Stability Improvement Output Matching/DC Block Input Matching/DC Feed Input Matching/DC Feed Jumper Base Biasing Collector biasing Stability Improvement/ Gain reduction 2x Inductive emitter degeneration. -Stability, RF matching and IP3 improvement Infineon Technologies SiGe Transistor 9 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Measured Graphs 4 Measured Graphs Insertion Power Gain InBand 20 1575.4 MHz 16.52 dB 15 1713.4 MHz 15.86 dB 1851.2 MHz 15.18 dB 10 5 0 0 Figure 4 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Power Gain of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Noise figure 2 1575.42 MHz 0.7528 dB NF(dB) 1.5 1 0.5 0 1575 Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 1575.2 1575.4 1575.6 Frequency (MHz) 10 / 18 1575.8 1576 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Measured Graphs Figure 5 Noise Figure of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Input Matching 0 -5 1575 MHz -11.96 dB -10 -15 -20 -25 100 Figure 6 600 1100 1600 2100 2600 3100 3600 4100 4600 5100 56006000 Frequency (MHz) Input Matching of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Output Matching 0 -5 1575 MHz -19.54 dB -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 100 600 1100 1600 2100 2600 3100 3600 4100 4600 5100 56006000 Frequency (MHz) Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 11 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Measured Graphs Figure 7 Output Matching of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Compression point at 1dB 20 Gain(dB) 15 -27 dBm 16.69 dB 10 -16.31 dBm 15.69 dB 5 0 -27 Figure 8 -25 -23 -21 -19 -17 Pin (dBm) -15 -13 -11 -10 Compression point at 1dB of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Reverse Isolation 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1575 MHz 29.44 100 600 1100 1600 2100 2600 3100 3600 4100 4600 5100 56006000 Frequency (MHz) Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 12 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Measured Graphs Figure 9 Reverse Isolation of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Stability K Factor 10 9 8 7 6 6918.7 MHz 1.194 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 Figure 10 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 8000 10000 K-factor Stability of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Stability Mu factor 5 Mu2 factor Mu1 factor 4 3 2 1 0 0 Figure 11 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 8000 10000 μ-factor Stability of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 13 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Measured Graphs Figure 12 3rd Order Intercept point of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Figure 13 GPS Harmonic of the BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application (Harmonic generated using two tones 1713.42 and 1851.24MHz with Input Power -30dBm for out-of-band IP3 measurement) Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 14 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Z Parameters Input output matching 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Swp Max 1576MHz S11 0. 4 3. 0 S22 0 4. 10.0 - 0 2. -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 14 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 .0 2 -3 0.2 1575.42 MHz r 0.919137 x -0.503065 -4 .0 -5. 0 0 10.0 -10.0 0.2 -0. 5.0 1575.42 MHz r 0.808623 x -0.00452517 Swp Min 1575MHz Input and Output Matching Z-Parameters of the BPF640FESD for GPS 1575MHz application. Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 15 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Evaluation Board Information 5 Evaluation Board Information Figure 15 Photo Picture of BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz application Figure 16 PCB Layer Information Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 16 / 18 2010-03-09 Application Note AN194 LNA BFP640FESD for GPS 1575MHz Application Authors Authors Anthony Thomas, Application engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff engineer of Technical Marketing at Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Application Note AN194, Rev. 1.0 17 / 18 2010-03-09 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN194