DATASHEET Compact Synchronous Buck Regulator ISL8002B Features The ISL8002B is a highly efficient, monolithic, synchronous step-down DC/DC converter that can deliver up to 2A of continuous output current from a 2.7V to 5.5V input supply. It uses peak current mode control architecture to allow very low duty cycle operation. ISL8002B operates at a 2MHz switching frequency, thereby providing superior transient response and allowing for the use of a small inductor. ISL8002B also has excellent stability. • VIN range 2.7V to 5.5V • IOUT maximum is 2A • External soft-start programmable • Output tracking and sequencing • Switching frequency is 2MHz • Selectable PFM or PWM operation option • Overcurrent and short-circuit protection The ISL8002B integrates very low rDS(ON) MOSFETs in order to maximize efficiency. In addition, since the high-side MOSFET is a PMOS, the need for a boot capacitor is eliminated, thereby reducing external component count. • Over-temperature/thermal protection • VIN undervoltage lockout and VOUT overvoltage protection • Up to 95% peak efficiency The device can be configured for either PFM (discontinuous conduction) or PWM (continuous conduction) operation at light load. PFM provides high efficiency by reducing switching losses at light loads and PWM for fast transient response, which helps reduce the output noise and RF interference. Applications • General purpose POL • Industrial, instrumentation and medical equipment The device is offered in a space saving 8 Ld 2mmx2mm TDFN Pb-free package with exposed pad for improved thermal performance. The complete converter occupies less than 64mm2 area. • FPGAs • Telecom and networking equipment • Game console Related Literature • UG008, “ISL8002BDEMO1Z Demonstration Board User Guide” VIN GND EN 3 4 PG FB 6 0.6V PAD 9 SS/T R 5 +1.8V/2A 100 VOUT C2 3x10µF PG ND 7 M ODE PG L1 PHASE 8 C3 4.7pF R1 200k 1% R2 100k 1% R3 200k 1% 2.5VOUT GND T RACK R4 100k 1% 90 EFFICIENCY (%) ISL8002B +2.7 V … +5.5 V 1 VIN C1 22µF 2 EN 80 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 70 1.2VOUT 0.9VOUT 60 0.8VOUT 50 VO R 1 = R 2 ------------ – 1 VFB (EQ. 1) FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION (INTERNAL COMPENSATION OPTION) June 5, 2015 FN8690.2 1 40 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 1.6 1.8 2.0 FIGURE 2. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 3.3V), MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C CAUTION: The device are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2014, 2015. All Rights Reserved Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. ISL8002B Table of Contents Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pin Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pin Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Typical Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PWM Control Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PFM Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-circuit Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Negative Current Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UVLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enable, Disable and Soft Start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 Output Tracking and Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discharge Mode (Soft-stop) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermal Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Derating Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 20 20 20 Applications Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Inductor and Capacitor Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Voltage Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input Capacitor Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Capacitor Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Layout Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 20 20 20 20 21 Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 About Intersil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Submit Document Feedback 2 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B TABLE 1. KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FAMILY OF PARTS PART NUMBER INTERNAL/ EXTERNAL COMP TRACKING/EXTERNAL SOFT- START OUTPUT CURRENT (A) PG RISING/FALLING DELAY TIME NOMINAL SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz) ISL8002/A Yes No 2 1ms/15µs 1/2 ISL80019/A Yes No 1.5 1ms/15µs 1/2 ISL8002B No Yes 2 0.1ms/15µs 2 TABLE 2. RECOMMENDED COMPONENT VALUE SELECTION TABLE VOUT (V) C1 (µF) C2 MINIMUM (µF) C3 (pF) L1 (µH) R1, R3 (Note 1) (kΩ) R2, R4 (Note 1) (kΩ) 0.8 22 3 X10 4.7 0.82 33 100 1.2 22 3 X10 4.7 1.0 100 100 1.5 22 3 X10 4.7 1.0 150 100 1.8 22 3 X10 4.7 1.2 200 100 2.5 22 3 X10 4.7 1.8 316 100 3.3 22 3 X10 4.7 2.2 450 100 NOTE: 1. Populate R3 and R4 if Tracking feature is used. Ratio between R1/R2 should equal R3/R4. Otherwise connect SS/TR to VIN for internal soft-start. Ordering Information PART NUMBER (Notes 2, 3, 4) PART MARKING TAPE AND REEL QUANTITY TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TEMPERATURE RANGE (°C) PACKAGE Tape and Reel (RoHS Compliant) PKG. DWG. # ISL8002BIRZ-T 02B 1000 2A, 2MHz -40 to +85 8 Ld TDFN L8.2x2C ISL8002BIRZ-T7A 02B 250 2A, 2MHz -40 to +85 8 Ld TDFN L8.2x2C ISL8002BDEMO1Z Demonstration Board NOTES: 2. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications. 3. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020. 4. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL8002B. For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363. Submit Document Feedback 3 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Pin Configuration ISL8002B (8 LD 2x2 TDFN) TOP VIEW VIN 1 EN 2 MODE 3 PG 4 EPAD (GND) PAD PIN 9 8 PHASE 7 PGND 6 FB 5 SS/TR Pin Descriptions PIN NUMBER SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION 1 VIN The input supply for the power stage of the PWM regulator and the source for the internal linear regulator that provides bias for the IC. Place a minimum of 10µF ceramic capacitance from VIN to GND and as close as possible to the IC for decoupling. 2 EN Device enable input. When the voltage on this pin rises above 1.4V, the device is enabled. The device is disabled when the pin is pulled to ground. When the device is disabled, a 100Ω resistor discharges the output through the PHASE pin. See Figure 3, “Functional Block Diagram” on page 5 for details. 3 MODE Mode selection pin. Connect to logic high or input voltage VIN for PWM mode. Connect to logic low or ground for PFM mode. There is an internal 1MΩ pull-down resistor to prevent an undefined logic state in case the MODE pin is left floating, however, it is not recommended to leave this pin floating. 4 PG Power-good output is pulled to ground during the soft-start interval and also when the output voltage is below regulation limits. There is an internal 5MΩ internal pull-up resistor on this pin. 5 SS/TR Soft-start pins for regulator. If SS/TR pin is tied to VIN, an internal soft-start of 1ms will be used. A resistor divider from VIN to SS/TR and a capacitor from the SS/TR pin to ground determines the output ramp rate. Adding a resistive divider across SS/TR can be used for output tracking. See the “Output Tracking and Sequencing” on page 18 for soft-start and output tracking/sequencing details. Maximum CSS value is 1µF. 6 FB Feedback pin for the regulator. FB is the negative input to the voltage loop error amplifier. The output voltage is set by an external resistor divider connected to FB. In addition, the power-good PWM regulator’s power-good and undervoltage protection circuits use FB to monitor the output voltage. 7 PGND Power and analog ground connections. Connect directly to the board GND plane. 8 PHASE Power stage switching node for output voltage regulation. Connect to the output inductor. This pin is discharged by a 100Ω resistor when the device is disabled. See Figure 3, “Functional Block Diagram” on page 5 for details. 9 EPAD Submit Document Feedback The exposed pad must be connected to the PGND pin for proper electrical performance. Place as many vias as possible under the pad connecting to the PGND plane for optimal thermal performance. 4 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Functional Block Diagram SS/TR MODE INTERNAL SS 27pF HIGH DETECT SHUTDOWN 200kΩ 0.6V CLAMP BANDGAP VREF + EN COMP - - SHUTDOWN VIN OSCILLATOR + EAMP P PWM/PFM LOGIC CONTROLLER PROTECTION 3pF + PHASE N HS DRIVER PGND FB SLOPE Slope COMP 6kΩ + CSA OCP 0.85*VREF UV VIN SKIP 5MΩ PG 0.1ms DELAY NEG CURRENT SENSING ZERO-CROSS SENSING 0.3V SCP 100Ω SHUTDOWN FIGURE 3. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Submit Document Feedback 5 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 6V (DC) or 7V (20ms) PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5V (100ns)/-0.3V (DC) to 6V (DC) or 7V (20ms) EN, COMP, PG, MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VIN+0.3V FB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 2.7V Junction Temperature Range at 0A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+150°C ESD Rating Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-JS-001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4kV Charged Device Model (Tested per JESD22-C101D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2kV Latch-up (Tested per JESD78D, Class 2, Level A) . . . . ±100mA at +125°C Thermal Resistance (Typical, Notes 5, 6) JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W) 2x2 TDFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7 Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-55°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C Pb-free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493 Recommended Operating Conditions VIN Supply Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7V to 5.5V Load Current Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A to 2A Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. NOTES: 5. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech Brief TB379 for details. 6. For JC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. Electrical Specifications TJ = -40°C to +125°C, VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 7) TYP MAX (Note 7) UNIT 2.5 2.7 V INPUT SUPPLY VIN Undervoltage Lockout Threshold VUVLO Rising, no load Falling, no load Quiescent Supply Current IVIN Shutdown Supply Current ISD 2.2 2.4 V MODE = PFM (GND), no load at the output 35 60 µA MODE = PWM (VIN), no load at the output 8 15 mA MODE = PFM (GND), VIN = 5.5V, EN = low 20 30 µA 0.600 0.605 V OUTPUT REGULATION Feedback Voltage VFB VFB Bias Current IVFB 0.595 TJ = -40°C to +125°C 0.589 0.6 0.605 V SS/TR = 100mV 0.08 0.100 0.12 V SS/TR = 500mV 0.490 0.500 0.510 V VFB = 2.7V. TJ = -40°C to +125°C -120 50 350 nA Line Regulation VIN = VO + 0.5V to 5.5V, nominal = 3.6V TJ = -40°C to +125°C -0.32 -0.05 0.28 %/V Load Regulation (Note 8) Soft-start Ramp Time Cycle SS/TR = VIN < -0.2 %/A 1 ms PROTECTIONS Positive Peak Current Limit IPLIMIT Peak Skip Limit ISKIP 2.7 VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8V (see “Applications Information” on page 20 for more detail) Zero Cross Threshold Negative Current Limit INLIMIT 3.2 3.7 450 A mA -170 -70 30 mA -2.37 -1.8 -1 A Thermal Shutdown Temperature rising 150 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis Temperature falling 25 °C Submit Document Feedback 6 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Electrical Specifications TJ = -40°C to +125°C, VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued) PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 7) TYP MAX (Note 7) UNIT COMPENSATION Error Amplifier Transconductance 80 Transresistance RT 0.24 0.3 µA/V 0.40 Ω PHASE P-channel MOSFET ON-resistance VIN = 5V, IO = 200mA 117 mΩ N-channel MOSFET ON-resistance VIN = 5V, IO = 200mA 86 mΩ OSCILLATOR Nominal Switching Frequency fSW 1700 2000 2300 kHz 0.3 V 0.2 ms PG Output Low Voltage 1mA sinking current Delay Time (Rising Edge) 0.1 PGOOD Delay Time (Falling Edge) 5 PG Pin Leakage Current PG = VIN UVP PG Rising Threshold 80 UVP PG Hysteresis µs 0.01 0.1 85 90 5 µA % % EN AND MODE LOGIC EN Logic Input Low 1 EN Logic Input High 1.4 V MODE Logic Input Low MODE Logic Input High 0.4 V 8 µA 1.4 Logic Input Leakage Current IMODE Pulled up to 5.5V V V 5.5 NOTES: 7. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested. 8. Not tested in production. Characterized using evaluation board. Refer to Figures 10 through 12 load regulation diagrams. TA +105°C represents near worst case operating point. Submit Document Feedback 7 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves 100 100 2.5VOUT 2.5VOUT 90 80 1.8VOUT 70 1.5VOUT EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 90 1.2VOUT 0.9VOUT 60 40 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8VOUT 70 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 0.9VOUT 60 0.8VOUT 0.8VOUT 50 80 50 40 0.0 2.0 FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 3.3V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 1.4 3.3VOUT 90 90 80 80 1.8VOUT 2.5VOUT 70 1.5VOUT EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 2.0 100 3.3VOUT 1.2VOUT 60 0.9VOUT 70 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 60 0.9VOUT 50 50 40 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 1.4 1.6 1.8 40 0.0 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 FIGURE 7. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 6. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C 0.925 1.230 0.920 5VIN PFM 1.225 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.8 FIGURE 5. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 3.3V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C 100 0.915 0.910 0.905 0.900 1.6 0.895 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.220 1.215 1.210 1.205 3.3VIN PWM 5VIN PWM 3.3VIN PFM 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 FIGURE 8. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, fSW = 2MHz, VOUT = 0.9V, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 8 5VIN PFM 1.200 0.0 3.3VIN PWM 0.2 0.4 0.6 3.3VIN PFM 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 5VIN PWM 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 FIGURE 9. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, fSW = 2MHz, VOUT = 1.2V, TA = +25°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves 1.520 (Continued) 1.810 5VIN PFM 1.805 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.515 1.510 1.505 1.500 1.495 3.3VIN PFM 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 5VIN PWM 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.790 1.780 0.0 2.0 3.3VIN PWM 3.3VIN PFM 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 5VIN PWM 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 OUTPUT LOAD (A) FIGURE 11. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, fSW = 2MHz, VOUT = 1.8V, TA = +25°C FIGURE 10. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, fSW = 2MHz, VOUT = 1.5V, TA = +25°C 2.505 3.335 2.500 3.330 5VIN PFM OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.795 1.785 3.3VIN PWM 1.490 0.0 5VIN PFM 1.800 2.495 2.490 2.485 3.3VIN PWM 2.475 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 3.315 5VIN PFM 5VIN PWM 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 FIGURE 12. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, fSW = 2MHz, VOUT = 2.5V, TA = +25°C EXTERNAL SS PROGRAMMING CSS = 0.1µF 5VIN PWM 3.320 3.310 3.3VIN PFM 2.480 3.325 VEN 5V/DIV 3.305 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 FIGURE 13. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, fSW = 2MHz, VOUT = 3.3V, TA = +25°C EXTERNAL SS PROGRAMMING CSS = 0.1µF VEN 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VSS 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VSS 1V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 500µs/DIV FIGURE 14. START-UP AT NO LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 9 500µs/DIV FIGURE 15. SHUTDOWN AT NO LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves EXTERNAL SS PROGRAMMING CSS = 0.1µF (Continued) VEN 5V/DIV EXTERNAL SS PROGRAMMING CSS = 0.1µF VEN 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VSS 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VSS 1V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 500µs/DIV 100µs/DIV FIGURE 16. START-UP AT 2A LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 17. SHUTDOWN AT 2A LOAD fSW = 2MHz, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV PG 2V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV PG 2V/DIV 500µs/DIV 2ms/DIV FIGURE 18. COINCIDENTAL VOLTAGE TRACKING START-UP AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 19. COINCIDENTAL VOLTAGE TRACKING SHUTDOWN AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV PG 2V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV PG 2V/DIV 500µs/DIV 100µs/DIV FIGURE 20. COINCIDENTAL VOLTAGE TRACKING START-UP AT FULL LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 21. COINCIDENTAL VOLTAGE TRACKING SHUTDOWN AT FULL LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 10 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves (Continued) VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV PG1 EN2 5V/DIV PG1 EN2 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV 500µs/DIV 500µs/DIV FIGURE 22. SEQUENTIAL START-UP USING EN AND PG AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 23. SEQUENTIAL SHUTDOWN USING EN AND PG AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV PG1 EN2 5V/DIV PG1 EN2 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV 500µs/DIV 100µs/DIV FIGURE 24. SEQUENTIAL START-UP USING EN AND PG AT FULL LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 25. SEQUENTIAL SHUTDOWN USING EN AND PG AT FULL LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C VEN1 5V/DIV VEN1 5V/DIV SS1 2V/DIV SS1 2V/DIV VOUT1 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV VOUT1 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV 1ms/DIV FIGURE 26. RATIOMETRIC START-UP WITH VOUT1 LEADING VOUT2 AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 11 1ms/DIV FIGURE 27. RATIOMETRIC SHUTDOWN WITH VOUT1 LEADING VOUT2 AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves (Continued) VEN1 5V/DIV VEN1 5V/DIV SS1 2V/DIV SS1 2V/DIV VOUT1 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV VOUT1 1V/DIV VOUT2 1V/DIV 1ms/DIV 1ms/DIV FIGURE 28. RATIOMETRIC START-UP WITH VOUT1 LEADING VOUT2 AT FULL LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 29. RATIOMETRIC SHUTDOWN WITH VOUT1 LEADING VOUT2 AT FULL LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 500µs/DIV 500µs/DIV FIGURE 30. START-UP AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 1ms/DIV FIGURE 32. SHUTDOWN AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 12 FIGURE 31. START-UP AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C 1ms/DIV FIGURE 33. SHUTDOWN AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves (Continued) PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 100µs/DIV 500µs/DIV FIGURE 34. START-UP AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 35. SHUTDOWN AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV VEN 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 100µs/DIV 500µs/DIV FIGURE 36. START-UP AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C VIN 5V/DIV VIN 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV IOUT 1A/DIV IOUT 1A/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 500µs/DIV FIGURE 38. START-UP VIN AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 13 FIGURE 37. SHUTDOWN AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C 500µs/DIV FIGURE 39. START-UP VIN AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves (Continued) PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VIN 5V/DIV VIN 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 500µs/DIV 500µs/DIV FIGURE 40. START-UP VIN AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C PHASE 1V/DIV FIGURE 41. START-UP VIN AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C PHASE 1V/DIV 20ns/DIV 10ns/DIV FIGURE 42. JITTER AT NO LOAD PWM, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 43. JITTER AT FULL LOAD PWM, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 20mV/DIV VOUT 10mV/DIV IL 0.5A/DIV IL 0.5A/DIV 500ns/DIV FIGURE 44. STEADY STATE AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 14 50ms/DIV FIGURE 45. STEADY STATE AT NO LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves (Continued) PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 10mV/DIV VOUT 10mV/DIV IL 1A/DIV IL 1A/DIV 500ns/DIV 500ns/DIV FIGURE 46. STEADY STATE AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 47. STEADY STATE AT 2A LOAD, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C VOUT RIPPLE 50mV/DIV VOUT RIPPLE 50mV/DIV IL 1A/DIV IL 1A/DIV 200µs/DIV 200µs/DIV FIGURE 48. LOAD TRANSIENT, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 49. LOAD TRANSIENT, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV IL 2A/DIV IL 2A/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 10µs/DIV FIGURE 50. OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 15 500µs/DIV FIGURE 51. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Typical Performance Curves 375mA Mode Transition, completely enter to PWM at 400mA. (Continued) PHASE 5V/DIV PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT1 RIPPLE 20mV/DIV VOUT1 RIPPLE 20mV/DIV Back to PFM at 15mA IL 1A/DIV IL 1A/DIV 5µs/DIV 20µs/DIV FIGURE 52. PFM TO PWM TRANSITION, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C FIGURE 53. PWM TO PFM TRANSITION, VIN = 5V, MODE = PFM, TA = +25°C PHASE 5V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV IL 2A/DIV PG 2V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 200µs/DIV FIGURE 54. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +25°C Submit Document Feedback 16 500µs/DIV FIGURE 55. OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION, VIN = 5V, MODE = PWM, TA = +159°C FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Theory of Operation PFM Mode The device is a step-down switching regulator optimized for battery powered applications. It operates at a high switching frequency, which enables the use of smaller inductors resulting in small form factor, while also providing excellent efficiency. Further, at light loads while in PFM mode, the regulator reduces the switching frequency, thereby minimizing the switching loss and maximizing battery life. The quiescent current, when the output is not loaded, is typically only 35µA. The supply current is typically only 20µA when the regulator is shut down. Pulling the MODE pin LO (<0.4V) forces the converter into PFM mode. The device enters a pulse-skipping mode at light load to minimize the switching loss by reducing the switching frequency. Figure 57 illustrates the skip-mode operation. A zero-cross sensing circuit shown in Figure 57 monitors the N-FET current for zero crossing. When 16 consecutive cycles of the inductor current crossing zero are detected, the regulator enters the skip mode. During the sixteen detecting cycles, the current in the inductor is allowed to become negative. The counter is reset to zero when the current in any cycle does not cross zero. PWM Control Scheme Pulling the MODE pin HI (>2.5V) forces the converter into PWM mode, regardless of output current. The device employs the current-mode Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) control scheme for fast transient response and pulse-by-pulse current limiting. Refer to the “Functional Block Diagram” on page 5. The current loop consists of the oscillator, the PWM comparator, current sensing circuit and the slope compensation for the current loop stability. The slope compensation is 900mV/Ts, which changes with frequency. The gain for the current sensing circuit is typically 300mV/A. The control reference for the current loops comes from the error amplifier's (EAMP) output. The PWM operation is initialized by the clock from the oscillator. The P-channel MOSFET is turned on at the beginning of a PWM cycle and the current in the MOSFET starts to ramp-up. When the sum of the current amplifier, CSA, and the slope compensation reaches the control reference of the current loop, the PWM comparator COMP sends a signal to the PWM logic to turn off the P-FET and turn on the N-Channel MOSFET. The N-FET stays on until the end of the PWM cycle. Figure 56 shows the typical operating waveforms during the PWM operation. The dotted lines illustrate the sum of the slope compensation ramp and the current-sense amplifier’s CSA output. To ensure proper PWM control, minimum on time need to be greater than 90ns. Once the skip mode is entered, the pulse modulation starts being controlled by the SKIP comparator shown in the “Functional Block Diagram” on page 5. Each pulse cycle is still synchronized by the PWM clock. The P-FET is turned on at the clock's rising edge and turned off when the output is higher than 1.5% of the nominal regulation or when its current reaches the peak Skip current limit value. Then the inductor current is discharging to 0A and stays at zero. The internal clock is disabled. The output voltage reduces gradually due to the load current discharging the output capacitor. When the output voltage drops to the nominal voltage, the P-FET will be turned on again at the rising edge of the internal clock as it repeats the previous operations. The regulator resumes normal PWM mode operation when the output voltage drops 1.5% below the nominal voltage. VEAMP VCSA DUTY CYCLE IL VOUT FIGURE 56. PWM OPERATION WAVEFORMS The reference voltage is 0.6V, which is used by feedback to adjust the output of the error amplifier, VEAMP. The error amplifier is a transconductance amplifier that converts the voltage error signal to a current output. The voltage loop is internally compensated with the 27pF and 200kΩ RC network. The maximum EAMP voltage output is precisely clamped to 1.6V. Submit Document Feedback 17 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B PWM PFM PWM CLOCK 16 CYCLES PFM CURRENT LIMIT IL LOAD CURRENT 0 NOMINAL +1.5% VOUT NOMINAL NOMINAL -1.5% FIGURE 57. SKIP MODE OPERATION WAVEFORMS Overcurrent Protection The overcurrent protection is realized by monitoring the CSA output with the OCP comparator, as shown in the “Functional Block Diagram” on page 5. The current sensing circuit has a gain of 300mV/A, from the P-FET current to the CSA output. When the CSA output reaches a threshold, the OCP comparator is tripped to turn off the P-FET immediately. The overcurrent function protects the switching converter from a shorted output by monitoring the current flowing through the upper MOSFET. Upon detection of overcurrent condition, the upper MOSFET will be immediately turned off and will not be turned on again until the next switching cycle. If the overcurrent condition goes away, the output will resume back into regulation point. Short-circuit Protection The short-circuit protection (SCP) comparator monitors the VFB pin voltage for output short-circuit protection. When the VFB is lower than 0.3V, the SCP comparator forces the PWM oscillator frequency to drop to 1/3 of the normal operation value. This comparator is effective during start-up or an output short-circuit event. Negative Current Protection Similar to the overcurrent, the negative current protection is realized by monitoring the current across the low-side N-FET, as shown in the “Functional Block Diagram” on page 5. When the valley point of the inductor current reaches -1.8A for 2 consecutive cycles, both P-FET and N-FET shut off. The 100Ω in parallel to the N-FET will activate discharging the output into regulation. The control will begin to switch when output is within regulation. The regulator will be in PFM for 20µs before switching to PWM if necessary. PG PG is an output of a comparator that continuously monitors the buck regulator output voltage. PG is actively held low when EN is low and during the buck regulator soft-start period. After 0.1ms delay of the soft-start period, PG becomes high impedance as long as the output voltage is within nominal regulation voltage set by VFB. When VFB drops 15% below the nominal regulation voltage, the device pulls PG low. Any fault condition forces PG low until the fault Submit Document Feedback 18 condition is cleared by attempts to soft-start. There is an internal 5MΩ pull-up resistor to fit most applications. An external resistor can be added from PG to VIN for more pull-up strength. UVLO When the input voltage is below the Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) threshold, the regulator is disabled. Enable, Disable and Soft Start-up After the VIN pin exceeds its rising POR trip point (nominal 2.7V), the device begins operation. If the EN pin is held low externally, nothing happens until this pin is released. Once the EN is released and above the logic threshold, the internal default soft-start time is 1ms if SS/TR is tied high above 0.6V. Output Tracking and Sequencing Output soft-start programming, tracking and sequencing between multiple regulators can be implemented by using the SS/TR pin. Independent programming soft-start for each channel is shown in Figure 58. The output ramp time for each channel (tSS) is set by the soft-start capacitor (CSS). Maximum CSS value is 1µF and the SS time should be greater than 1ms. Figures 59, 60 and 61 show several configurations for output tracking/sequencing for a 3.3V and 1.8V application. Ratiometric tracking is achieved in Figure 59 by connecting SS/TR on each channel. The measurement is shown in Figures 26 through 29. By connecting a feedback network from VOUT1 to the SS/TR2 pin with the same ratio that sets VOUT2 voltage, absolute tracking shown in Figure 60 is implemented. The measurement is shown in Figures 18 through 21. If the output of Channel 1 is shorted to GND, it will enter overcurrent mode, SS/TR2 will be pulled low through the added resistor between VOUT1 and SS2 and this will force Channel 2 into being low as well. Figure 61 illustrates output sequencing. When EN1 is transitioned high, VOUT1 comes up first and VOUT2 won't start until OUT1 > 85% of its regulation point. The measurement is shown in Figures 22 through 25. FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B VIN VOUT1 SS/TR1 VIN Rss Css ISL8002B VOUT SS/TR Rss C3 ISL8002B Rss 3.3V C2 VOUT2 SS/TR2 Css Rss 1.8V C3 ISL8002B 1.7 V IN T SS C SS = -------------------------------------R SS VOUT VOUT1 VOUT2 TSS FIGURE 59. RATIOMETRIC START-UP FIGURE 58. PROGRAMMING SOFT-START VOUT1 3.3V C2 ISL8002B VOUT1 EN1 VOUT2 SS/TR2 1.8V PG C3 3.3V C2 ISL8002B ISL8002B R4 100k 1.8V C3 ISL8002B VOUT1 VOUT1 VOUT2 VOUT2 FIGURE 60. COINCIDENTAL VOLTAGE TRACKING Submit Document Feedback VOUT2 EN2 R3 200k 19 FIGURE 61. OUTPUT SEQUENCING FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Discharge Mode (Soft-stop) Applications Information When a transition to shutdown mode occurs or the VIN UVLO is set, the outputs discharge to GND through an internal 100Ω switch. Output Inductor and Capacitor Selection Thermal Shutdown The device has built-in thermal protection. When the internal temperature reaches +150°C, the regulator is completely shut down. As the temperature drops to +125°C, the device resumes operation by stepping through the soft-start. Power Derating Characteristics To prevent the ISL8002B from exceeding the maximum junction temperature, some thermal analysis is required. The temperature rise is given by Equation 2: (EQ. 2) T RISE = PD JA Where PD is the power dissipated by the regulator and θJA is the thermal resistance from the junction of the die to the ambient temperature. The junction temperature, TJ, is given by Equation 3: (EQ. 3) T J = T A + T RISE Where TA is the ambient temperature. For the DFN package, the θJA is +71°C/W. The actual junction temperature should not exceed the absolute maximum junction temperature of +125°C when considering the thermal design. The ISL8002B delivers full current at ambient temperatures up to +85°C. If the thermal impedance from the thermal pad maintains the junction temperature below the thermal shutdown level, (depending on the input voltage/output voltage combination and the switching frequency) the device power dissipation must be reduced to maintain the junction temperature at or below the thermal shutdown level. Figure 62 illustrates the approximate output current derating versus ambient temperature for the ISL8002DEMO1Z kit. OUTPUT CURRENT (V) 2.5 To consider steady state and transient operations, the ISL8002B typically requires a 1.2µH inductor. Higher or lower inductor value can be used to optimize the total converter system performance. For example, for higher output voltage 3.3V application, in order to decrease the inductor ripple current and output voltage ripple, the output inductor value can be increased. It is recommended to set the inductor ripple current to be approximately 30% of the maximum output current for optimized performance. The inductor ripple current can be expressed as shown in Equation 4: VO V O 1 – --------- V IN I = --------------------------------------L f SW (EQ. 4) The inductor’s saturation current rating needs to be at least larger than the peak current. The device uses an internal compensation network and the output capacitor value is dependent on the output voltage. The ceramic capacitor is recommended to be X5R or X7R. Output Voltage Selection The output voltage of the regulator can be programmed (from 0.6V up to 80% of VIN) via an external resistor divider that is used to scale the output voltage relative to the internal reference voltage and feed it back to the inverting input of the error amplifier. The output voltage programming resistor, R2, will depend on the value chosen for the feedback resistor and the desired output voltage of the regulator. The value for the feedback resistor is typically between 10kΩ and 100kΩas shown in Equation 5. VO R 1 = R 2 ------------ – 1 VFB (EQ. 5) If the output voltage desired is 0.6V, then R2 is left unpopulated and R1 is shorted. There is a leakage current from VIN to PHASE. It is recommended to preload the output with 10µA minimum. For better performance, add 4.7pF in parallel with R1Check loop analysis before use in application. Input Capacitor Selection 2.0 The main functions for the input capacitor are to provide decoupling of the parasitic inductance and to provide filtering function to prevent the switching current flowing back to the battery rail. At least two 22µF X5R or X7R ceramic capacitors are a good starting point for the input capacitor selection. 1V 1.5 1.5V 1.0 2.5V 3.3V 0.5 Output Capacitor Selection VIN = 5V, OLFM 0 50 60 70 80 90 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 110 120 FIGURE 62. DERATING CURVE vs TEMPERATURE 130 An output capacitor is required to filter the inductor current. Output ripple voltage and transient response are two critical factors when considering output capacitance choice. The current mode control loop allows for the use of low ESR ceramic capacitors and thus smaller board layout. Electrolytic and polymer capacitors may also be used. Additional consideration applies to ceramic capacitors. While they offer excellent overall performance and reliability, the actual in-circuit capacitance must be considered. Ceramic capacitors Submit Document Feedback 20 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B are rated using large peak-to-peak voltage swings and with no DC bias. In the DC/DC converter application, these conditions do not reflect reality. As a result, the actual capacitance may be considerably lower than the advertised value. Consult the manufacturers datasheet to determine the actual in-application capacitance. Most manufacturers publish capacitance vs DC bias so that this effect can be easily accommodated. The effects of AC voltage are not frequently published, but an assumption of ~20% further reduction will generally suffice. The result of these considerations can easily result in an effective capacitance 50% lower than the rated value. Nonetheless, they are a very good choice in many applications due to their reliability and extremely low ESR. Equations 6 and 7 allow calculation of the required capacitance to meet a desired ripple voltage level. Additional capacitance may be used. For the ceramic capacitors (low ESR) = I V OUTripple = ------------------------------------8 f SW C OUT Layout Considerations The PCB layout is a very important converter design step to make sure the designed converter works well. The power loop is composed of the output inductor L’s, the output capacitor COUT, the PHASE’s pins and the PGND pin. It is necessary to make the power loop as small as possible and the connecting traces among them should be direct, short and wide. The switching node of the converter, the PHASE pins and the traces connected to the node are very noisy, so keep the voltage feedback trace away from these noisy traces. The input capacitor should be placed as closely as possible to the VIN pin and the ground of the input and output capacitors should be connected as closely as possible. The heat of the IC is mainly dissipated through the thermal pad. Maximizing the copper area connected to the thermal pad is preferable. In addition, a solid ground plane is helpful for better EMI performance. It is recommended to add at least 4 vias ground connection within the pad for the best thermal relief. (EQ. 6) Where I is the inductor’s peak-to-peak ripple current, fSW is the switching frequency and COUT is the output capacitor. If using electrolytic capacitors then: V OUTripple = I*ESR (EQ. 7) Regarding transient response needs, a good starting point is to determine the allowable overshoot in VOUT if the load is suddenly removed. In this case, energy stored in the inductor will be transferred to COUT causing its voltage to rise. After calculating capacitance required for both ripple and transient needs, choose the larger of the calculated values. Equation 8 determines the required output capacitor value in order to achieve a desired overshoot relative to the regulated voltage. I OUT 2 * L C OUT = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V OUT 2 * V OUTMAX V OUT 2 – 1 (EQ. 8) Where VOUTMAX/VOUT is the relative maximum overshoot allowed during the removal of the load. For an overshoot of 5%, Equation 8 becomes Equation 9 I OUT 2 * L C OUT = ----------------------------------------------------V OUT 2 * 1.05 2 – 1 Submit Document Feedback (EQ. 9) 21 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Revision History The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you have the latest revision. DATE June 5, 2015 February 20, 2015 November 10, 2014 REVISION CHANGE FN8690.2 Figure 13 on page 9 changed the color of the curve: blue changed to pink and pink one changed to blue. POD on page 23 updated, changes since rev0: Tiebar Note updated From: Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. To: Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature and may be located on any of the 4 sides (or ends). FN8690.1 Added ISL8002BIRZ-T7A to Ordering Information table on page 3. Added ESD Ratings and Latch-up on page 6. Clarified Application section on page 20. FN8690.0 Initial Release. About Intersil Intersil Corporation is a leading provider of innovative power management and precision analog solutions. The company's products address some of the largest markets within the industrial and infrastructure, mobile computing and high-end consumer markets. For the most updated datasheet, application notes, related documentation and related parts, please see the respective product information page found at www.intersil.com. You may report errors or suggestions for improving this datasheet by visiting www.intersil.com/ask. Reliability reports are also available from our website at www.intersil.com/support For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com Submit Document Feedback 22 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015 ISL8002B Package Outline Drawing L8.2x2C 8 LEAD THIN DUAL FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE (TDFN) WITH E-PAD Rev 1, 5/15 2.00 6 PIN #1 INDEX AREA A B 6 PIN 1 INDEX AREA 8 1 0.50 2.00 1.45±0.050 Exp.DAP (4X) 0.15 0.25 0.10 M C A B ( 8x0.30 ) TOP VIEW 0.80±0.050 Exp.DAP BOTTOM VIEW ( 8x0.20 ) Package Outline ( 8x0.30 ) SEE DETAIL "X" ( 6x0.50 ) 1.45 2.00 0.10 C 0 . 75 ( 0 . 80 max) C BASE PLANE SEATING PLANE 0.08 C SIDE VIEW ( 8x0.25 ) 0.80 2.00 TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN C 0 . 2 REF 0 . 00 MIN. 0 . 05 MAX. DETAIL "X" NOTES: 1. Dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05 4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature and may be located on any of the 4 sides (or ends). 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be either a mold or mark feature. Submit Document Feedback 23 FN8690.2 June 5, 2015