ISL8102EVAL1 User Guide

ISL8102EVAL1: Two Phase Buck Converter with
Integrated High Current 5-12V Drivers
®
Application Note
October 31, 2005
AN1212.0
Author: Nasser A. Ismail
Introduction
The progress in many parts of modern power systems such
as DDR/Chipset core voltage regulators, high current low
voltage DC/DC converters, FPGA/ASIC DC/DC converters
and many other general purpose applications keeps
challenging the power management IC makers to come up
with innovative products and new solutions to meet the
increase in power, reduction in size and increase in the
DC/DC converter’s efficiency targets. The interleaved
multiphase synchronous buck topology proves again to be
the topology of choice for such high current low voltage
applications.
The ISL8102 is a space-saving, cost-effective solution for
such applications. The ISL8102 is a two-phase PWM control
IC with integrated high current MOSFET drivers. The
integration of 5-12V high current MOSFET drivers into the
controller IC marks a departure from the separate PWM
controller and driver configuration of previous multi-phase
product families. By reducing the number of external parts,
this integration allows for a cost and space saving power
management solution.
Output voltage can be programmed using the on-chip DAC
or an external precision reference. A two bit code programs
the DAC reference to one of 4 possible values (0.6V, 0.9V,
1.2V and 1.5V). A unity gain, differential amplifier is provided
for remote voltage sensing, compensating for any potential
difference between remote and local grounds. The output
voltage can also be offset through the use of single external
resistor. An optional droop function is also implemented and
can be disabled for applications having less stringent output
voltage variation requirements or experiencing less severe
step loads.
A unique feature of the ISL8102 is the combined use of both
DCR and rDS(ON) current sensing. Load line voltage
positioning and overcurrent protection are accomplished
through continuous inductor DCR current sensing, while
rDS(ON) current sensing is used for accurate channel-current
balance. Using both methods of current sampling utilizes the
best advantages of each technique.
Protection features of this controller IC include a set of
sophisticated overvoltage and overcurrent protection.
Overvoltage results in the converter turning the lower
MOSFETs ON to clamp the rising output voltage and protect
the load. An OVP output is also provided to drive an optional
crowbar device. The overcurrent protection level is set
through a single external resistor. Other protection features
include protection against an open circuit on the remote
sensing inputs. Combined, these features provide advanced
protection for the output load.
1
The ISL8102EVAL1 evaluation board embodies a 55-60A
regulator solution targeted at supplying power to the
designated load. The physical board design is optimized for
2 phase operation and ships out configured to provide one of
the following four output voltages (0.6V, 0.9V, 1.2V and 1.5V)
depending on choice of the REF1, REF0 combination set by
DIP switch U2, but can be easily modified to provide any
output voltage values in the range of 0.6-2.3V by means of
resistor divider composed of R90, R81.
For further details on the ISL8102, consult the data sheet [1].
The Intersil multiphase family controller and driver portfolio
continues to expand with new selections to better fit our
customer’s needs. Refer to our web site for updated
information: www.intersil.com.
ISL8102EVAL Board Design
The evaluation kit consists of the ISL8102EVAL1 evaluation
board, the ISL8102 data sheet, and this application note.
The evaluation board is optimized for two phase operation
without droop, the nominal output voltage is 1.5V (with DIP
switch U2 set to 11 position) and the maximum output
current is 60A.
The evaluation board provides convenient test points, a DIP
switch for DAC (REF) voltage selection from four possible
values (0.6V, 0.9V, 1.2V and 1.5V), footprint for a resistor
divider for output voltage adjustment up to 2.3V, and an onboard transient load generator to facilitate the evaluation
process. An on board LED is present to indicate the status of
the PGOOD signal. The board is configured for down
conversion from 5-12V to the REF setting.
The printed circuit board is implemented in 6-layer, 2-ounce
copper. Layout plots and part lists are provided at the end of
the application note for this design.
Quick Start Evaluation
The ISL8102EVAL1 is designed for quick evaluation after
following only a few simple steps. All that is required is two
bench power supplies, Oscilloscope and Load. To begin
evaluating the ISL8102EVAL1 follow the steps below.
1. Before doing anything to the evaluation board, make sure
the “Enable” switch (S1) and the “Transient Load
Generator” switch (S2) are both in the ON position
corresponding to the converter being disabled and the
transient load generator being turned off.
2. Connect a 12V, 10A Lab power supply between J7 and
J8, this Power supply provides VIN and PVCC (with
original board configuration).
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Application Note 1212
3. Connect a 5V, 1A Lab power supply between J23 and
GND, this Power supply provides VCC bias (and PVCC
bias if the board is configured for 5V PVCC).
4. Set the “REF Selection” DIP switch (U2) to 11
corresponding to DAC = REF = 1.5V. Figure 1 details the
typical default configuration for U2 when the board is
received. In this default setting, the evaluation board is
set for a reference voltage of 1.5V.
2
1
Logic
1
0
REF0
REF1
ON
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL U2 DEFAULT SETTING 11 (1.500V)
5. Connect a load (either resistive or electronic) between
VOUT terminal (J1, J2) and GND terminal (J3, J4).
6. Move the “Enable” switch (S1) to the OFF position
releasing the IC ENLL pin to rise to begin regulation.
After step 6, the ISL8102EVAL1 should be regulating the
output voltage, at the “VOUT+” and “VOUT-” test points (P20,
P21) and J5 to the REF voltage. The “PGOOD Indicator”
LED (D1) should be green to indicate the regulator is
operating correctly.
ISL8102EVAL1 Board Features
Input Power Connections
The ISL8102EVAL1 allows for the use of standard bench
power supplies for powering up the board. Two femalebanana jacks are provided for connection of bench power
supplies. Connect the +5V terminal to P23, +12V terminal to
J7, and the common ground to terminal J8. Voltage
sequencing is not required when powering the evaluation
board.
Once power is applied to the board, the PGOOD LED
indicator will begin to illuminate red. With S1 in the ON
position, the ENABLE input of the ISL8102 is held low and
the startup sequence is inhibited.
Output Power Connections
The ISL8102EVAL1 output can be exercised using either
resistive or electronic loads. Copper alloy terminal lugs
provide connection points for loading. Tie the positive load
connection to VOUT, terminals J1 and J2, and the negative to
ground, terminals J3 and J4. A shielded scope probe test
point, J5, allows for inspection of the output voltage, VOUT.
REF and VOUT Setup
The REF DIP switch would be preset to 11 (1.500V). Also
1.2V, 0.9V and 0.6V outputs can be selected using different
codes on the DIP switch. If an output voltage different than
the 4 possible REF values is desired, the output resistor
divider composed of R90 (initially 0Ω) and R81 (initially
2
open) can be used (consult Data sheet and the section
entitled Adjusting the Output Voltage at the end of this
application note for resistor value calculations). Note that the
ISL8102 is usable for output voltages up to 2.3V when the
REF voltage is set to 1.5V. See Table 1 below for the
maximum possible voltages with different REF setting.
TABLE 1. MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE WITH DIFFERENT
REF SETTING WITH THE USE OF A RESISTOR
DIVIDER ON VSEN
REF1
REF0
REF = DAC
VOUT MAX
0
0
0.6V
1.4V
0
1
0.9V
1.7V
1
0
1.2V
2.0V
1
1
1.5V
2.3V
PVCC Power Options
One unique feature of the ISL8102 is the variable gate drive
bias for the integrated drivers. The gate drive voltage for the
internal drivers can be any voltage from +5V to +12V by
simply connecting the desired voltage to the PVCC pin of the
controller. To accommodate the flexibility of the drivers, the
ISL8102EVAL1 has been designed to support a multitude of
options for the PVCC voltage.
Switching between the different PVCC voltages available on
the evaluation board is as simple as populating and
depopulating certain resistors. The eval board has three on
board voltages available: +5V, +12V, and +8V (from an on
board linear regulator). Refer to Table 2 for what resistors to
populate for each voltage option.
TABLE 2. GATE DRIVE VOLTAGE OPTIONS AND RESISTOR
SETTINGS
UGATE
VOLTAGE
LGATE
VOLTAGE
R48
R68
R71
R72
12.0V
12.0V
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
0Ω
8.0V
8.0V
OPEN
OPEN
0Ω
OPEN
5.0V
5.0V
0Ω
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
12.0V
5.0V
0Ω
0Ω
OPEN
OPEN
Enabling the Controller
In order to enable the controller, the board must be powered,
a REF (DAC) code must be set, and the PVCC and VCC
voltages must be set. If these steps have been properly
followed, the regulator is enabled by toggling the “ENABLE”
switch (S1) to the OFF position. When S1 is switched OFF,
the voltage on the ENLL pin of the ISL8102 will rise above
the ENLL threshold of 0.66V and the controller will begin its
digital soft start sequence. The output voltage ramps up to
the programmed setting, at which time the PGOOD indicator
will switch from red to green.
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
On-Board Load Transient Generator
Most bench-top electronic loads are not capable of
producing the current slew rates required to emulate most
modern loads. For this reason, a discrete transient load
generator is provided on the evaluation board, see Figure 2.
The generator produces a load pulse of 500µs in duration
with a period of 27ms. The pulse magnitude is approximately
25A with rise and fall slew rates of approximately 50A/µs as
configured. The short load current pulse and long duty cycle
is required to limit the power dissipation in the load resistors
(R38-R42) and MOSFETs (Q20, Q21). To engage the load
generator simply place switch S2, in the “OFF” position.
If the DAC code is changed from 11 (1.500V), the transient
generator dynamics must be adjusted relative to the new
output voltage level. Place a scope probe in J10 to measure
the voltage across the load resistors and the dV/dt across
them as well. Adjust the load resistors, R38-R40, to achieve
the correct load current level. Change resistors R34-R37 to
increase or decrease the dV/dt as required to match the
desired dI/dt profile.
HO
LO
HI
HS
VSS
U2
R33
ON
402Ω
OFF
C57
22µF
Q19
2N7002
S3
BAV99LT1
S4
R35
R39
OPEN
R40
OPEN
249Ω
R37
562kΩ
R36
Q21
SUD50N03
BAV99LT1
R38
OPEN
S2
562Ω
R34
VOUT
Q20
SUD50N03
R41
0.12Ω
R42
0.12Ω
C
L
ISL8102
DCR
INDUCTOR
I
VOUT
COUT
L
FIGURE 3. DCR STATIC CURRENT SENSE CIRCUIT
In order to not affect the rest of the regulator, the time
constant of this R-C circuit is very large, so it can only be
used to measure static current, and not transient currents. To
calculate the current through each inductor measure the
voltage across the “DCR SENSE” points on the
ISL8102EVAL1 and then divide that number by the DCR of
the inductor. This should give you an accurate reading of the
current through each channel during static loads.
The ISL8102 uses lower MOSFET rDS(ON) current sensing
to measure the current through each channel and balance
them accordingly. If the lower MOSFETs on the
ISL8102EVAL1 are changed, the current balance resistors,
R18 and R20, should also be changed to adjust for the
change in rDS(ON). Refer to the Current Balancing
Component Selection section the ISL8102 data sheet to
choose new current sense resistors. R18 adjusts the current
in channel 1, R20 adjusts the currents in channel 2. These
resistors can also be changed to adjust for any current
imbalance due to layout, which is also explained in the
ISL8102 data sheet.
Load Line (Droop) Regulation
The ISL8102 has an optional Droop function, the
ISL8102EVAL1 board design is optimized for no Droop case.
For Droop option selection follow the following Table 3.
249Ω
TABLE 3. SELECTION OF DROOP OPTION
J10
VLOAD
FIGURE 2. LOAD TRANSIENT GENERATOR
Inductor DCR Static Current Sense Points
A unique feature of the ISL8102EVAL1 is the ability to
measure the voltage drop across the DCR of each channel’s
inductor by multimeter. This is accomplished with the use of
a capacitor and resistor series circuit which is placed in
parallel across each inductor as illustrated in Figure 3. When
3
R
VIN
Current Balance Resistors
HIP2100
R30
46.4kΩ
DCR
+ SENSE -
Modifying the ISL8102EVAL1 Design
LI
VDD
C55
1µF
HB
VCC12
current, IL, flows through the inductor, the voltage drop
developed across the DCR will be sensed by the R-C circuit,
and an equivalent voltage will be developed across the
capacitor C.
DROOP
R46
R45
Disabled (Droop
connected IREF)
0Ω
OPEN
Enabled (Droop
connected ICOMP)
OPEN
0Ω
If Droop is implemented, the compensation network will
need to be recalculated for the Droop case for optimal loop
response and stability.
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
To create an output voltage change proportional to the total
current in all the active channels (droop), the ISL8102 uses
an inductor DCR sensing R-C network. This network, shown
in Figure 4, is designed not only to precisely control the load
line of the regulator, but also to thermally compensate for
any changes in DCR that may skew the load line as a result
of increases in temperature.
L2
PHASE1
IOUT
VOUT
R15
L3
PHASE2
R12
DNP
R16
ISUM
R9
DNP
R14
R10
0Ω
C7
10nF
ICOMP
RCOMP
IREF
OPTIONAL NTC RESISTOR NETWORK
ISL8102
* R15, R16 ARE EQUAL
FIGURE 4. DCR SENSING CONFIGURATION WITH
OPTIONAL FOOTPRINTS FOR NTC LOAD-LINE
COMPENSATION
This sensing technique works off the principle that if the R-C
time constant of C7*RCOMP (RCOMP = R14) is equal to the
L/DCR time constant of the inductor, the load line impedance
will be equal to RCOMP*DCR/R15 (R15 and R16 are equal).
If the load line impedance needs to be changed, all that is
required is adjusting the values of R15-R16 as explained in
the Load Line Regulation Component Selection (DCR
Current Sensing) section of the ISL8102 data sheet. If the
Inductor is changed though, the resistance of time constant
matching network will need to be changed. The NTC resistor
network must first be adjusted so that the new L/DCR time
constant is precisely matched. Refer to the ISL8102 data
sheet to design the entire R-C sense network.
An Optional NTC resistor network consisting of 3 resistors
(R9, R10, and R14) and a single NTC thermistor (R12),
which is placed close the output inductors. This network is
designed to compensate for any change in DCR that occurs
due to temperature when the Droop option is used and a
tight load-line regulation is required, and keep the time
constant of the R-C network equal to that of the inductor
L/DCR time constant.
4
Overcurrent Protection Level
The ISL8102 utilizes a single resistor to set the maximum
current level for the IC’s overcurrent protection circuitry.
Please refer to the Overcurrent Protection section of the
ISL8102 data sheet, and adjust resistor R11 accordingly to
set the desired overcurrent trip level.
Output Voltage Offset
The ISL8102 allows a designer to accurately offset the
output voltage both negatively and positively. All that is
required is a single resistor between the OFS and VCC pins,
or the OFS pin and GND. The ISL8102EVAL1 has both of
these resistor options available on the board. To positively
offset the output voltage populate resistor R5. To negatively
offset the output voltage populate resistor R7. Please refer to
the Output Voltage Offset Programming section of the
ISL8102 data sheet to accurately calculate these resistor
values.
Switching Frequency
The switching frequency of the ISL8102EVAL1 board is set
to an optimal value of 400kHz giving the best efficiency and
performance for the given design with R13 = 60.4kΩ.
However, the switching frequency can be adjusted anywhere
from 80kHz to 1.5MHz per phase. In practice many factors
affect the choice of switching frequency among which are
efficiency, and gate drive losses (which depend on the
MOSFET choice and Gate Driver Voltage). Since the
ISL8102 has integrated MOSFET drivers, the driver losses
must be taken into account when the switching frequency is
chosen. To change the switching frequency refer to the
Switching Frequency section of the ISL8102 data sheet
and adjust the value of frequency set resistor, R13,
accordingly.
MOSFET Gate Drive Voltage (PVCC)
The gate drive bias voltage of the integrated drivers in the
ISL8102 can be any voltage between +5V and +12V. This
bias voltage is set by connecting the desired voltage to the
PVCC pins of the IC. Please refer to the PVCC Power
Options section to set the desired gate drive voltage.
Number of Active Phases
The ISL8102 has the option of 1 or 2-phase operation. The
ISL8102EVAL1 is designed to change the number of active
phases by simply populating or depopulating one or two
resistors, R26 and R29. Refer to Table 4 for which resistors
to populate for 1 or 2-phase operation.
TABLE 4. SETTINGS FOR NUMBER OF ACTIVE PHASES
# OF ACTIVE PHASES
R26
R29
2
0Ω
OPEN
1
OPEN
0Ω
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
ISL8102 Performance
GND>
ICORE,
0A
ICC12
0A
0V
1ms/DIV
ENLL
2.0V/DIV 10.0A/DIV 50.0A/DIV
VOUT
0V
1.0V/DIV
PHASE2
PHASE2
GND>
VOUT
VOUT
GND>
ENLL
ENLL
2.00V/DIV
The typical start-up waveforms for the ISL8102EVAL1 are
shown in Figure 5. The waveforms represented in this image
show the soft-start sequence of the regulator DAC set to
1.50V. Before the soft-start interval begins, VCC and PVCC
are above POR and the DAC is set to 11. With these two
conditions met, throwing the ENABLE switch into the OFF
position causes the voltage on the ENLL pin to rise above
the ISL8102’s enable threshold, beginning the soft-start
sequence. For a delay time of 0.6ms, VOUT does not move
due to the manner in which soft-start is implemented within
the controller. After this delay (which is approximately equal
to 240 switching cycles), VOUT begins to ramp linearly
toward the DAC voltage. With the converter running at
400kHz, this ramp takes approximately 4.3ms, during which
time the input current, ICC12, also ramps slowly due to the
controlled building of the output voltage.
PHASE1
PHASE1
1ms/DIV
1ms/DIV
GND>
T1
T0
T2
FIGURE 6. ISL8102EVAL1 START-UP INTO A PARTIALLY
CHARGED OUTPUT (VDAC = 1.200V)
A second scenario can be encountered with a pre-charged
output: output being pre-charged above the DAC-set point,
as shown in Figure 7. In this situation, the ISL8102 behaves
in a way similar to that of Figure 6, keeping the MOSFETs off
until the end of the SS ramp. However, once the end of the
ramp has been reached, at time T1, the output drivers are
enabled for operation, and the output is quickly drained
down to set-point level.
500mV/DIV 10.00V/DIV 10.00V/DIV
Soft-Start Interval
500mV/DIV 10.00V/DIV 10.00V/DIV
Application Note 1212
PHASE1
GND>
PHASE2
GND>
VOUT
FIGURE 5. SOFT-START INTERVAL WAVEFORMS
Special consideration is given to start-up into a pre-charged
output (where the output is not 0V at the time the SS cycle is
initiated). Under such circumstances, the ISL8102 keeps off
both sets of output MOSFETs until the internal ramp starts to
exceed the output voltage sensed at the FB pin. This special
scenario is detailed in Figure 6. The circuit is enabled at time
T0. As the internal ramp exceeds the magnitude of the output
voltage at time T1, the MOSFETs drivers are enabled and the
output voltage ramps up in a seamless fashion from the preexistent level to the DAC-set level, reached at time T2.
5
GND>
ENLL
2.00V/DIV
Once VOUT reaches the DAC set point, the internal pulldown on the PGOOD pin is released. This allows a resistor
from PGOOD to VCC to pull PGOOD high and the PGOOD
LED indicator changes from red to green.
1ms/DIV
GND>
T0
T1
FIGURE 7. ISL8102EVAL1 START-UP INTO AN
OVERCHARGED OUTPUT (VDAC = 1.200V)
An OV condition during start-up will take precedence over
this normal start-up behavior, but will allow reversal back to
normal behavior as soon as the condition is removed or
brought under control.
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
Transient Response
The rising edge transient response of the ISL8102EVAL1, is
shown in Figure 8. In order to obtain the load current
waveform shown, the bench-top load is turned off, while the
on-board transient generator is pulsing a 25A step for 500µs.
When the load step occurs, the output capacitors provide the
initial output current, causing VOUT to drop suddenly due to
the ESR and ESL voltage drops in the capacitors. The
controller immediately responds to this drop by increasing
the PWM duty cycles to as much as 66%. The duty cycles
then decrease to stabilize VOUT.
20mV/DIV
500mV/DIV
V(ILOAD)
GND>
5µs/DIV
FIGURE 9. ISL8102EVAL1 FALLING EDGE TRANSIENT
RESPONSE
Figure 10 shows both the rising and falling edges.
VOUT
500mV/DIV
20mV/DIV
VOUT
VOUT
20mV/DIV
The ISL8102EVAL1 is designed without droop for a
maximum output load current of 60A. The Load step is
approximately 25A and the output voltage variation during
the transient is kept below 100mV peak to peak. This load
step have a maximum slew rate of approximately 50A/µs on
both the rising and falling edges. The on-board load
transient generator is designed to provide the specified load
step, different load steps and current slew rates can be
accommodated with the on Board Transient load generator.
V(ILOAD)
GND>
500mV/DIV
V(ILOAD)
5µs/DIV
GND>
100µs/DIV
FIGURE 10. ISL8102EVAL1 TRANSIENT RESPONSE
Overcurrent Protection
FIGURE 8. ISL8102EVAL1 RISING RDGE TRANSIENT LOAD
RESPONSE
At the end of the 500µs load pulse, the load current returns
to 0A. The transient response to this falling edge of the load
is shown in Figure 9. When the falling load step occurs, the
output capacitors must absorb the inductor current which
can not fall at the same rate of the load step. This causes
VOUT to rise suddenly due to the ESR and ESL voltage
drops in the capacitors. The controller immediately responds
to this rise by decreasing the PWM duty cycles to zero, and
then increasing them accordingly to regulate VCORE to the
programmed 1.5V level.
6
The ISL8102 is designed to stop all regulation and protect
the sensitive Load if an overcurrent event occurs. This is
done by continuously monitoring the total output current and
comparing it to an overcurrent trip level set by the OCSET
resistor, R11. If the output current ever exceeds the trip level
as shown in Figure 11 (at time T1), the ISL8102 immediately
turns the upper and lower MOSFETs off, causing VOUT to
fall to 0V. The controller holds the UGATE and LGATE
signals in this state for a period of 4096 switching cycles,
which at 400kHz is 10.25ms. The controller then re-initializes
the soft-start cycle (at time T2). If the load that caused the
overcurrent trip remains, another overcurrent trip will occur
before the soft-start cycle completes. The controller will
continue to try to cycle soft-start indefinitely until the load
current is reduced, or the controller is disabled. This
operation is shown in Figure 11.
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
Overvoltage Protection
20.00V/DIV
UGATE2
GND>
PGOOD
COMP
GND>
GND>
VOUT
2ms/DIV
T1
T2
500mV/DIV 1.00V/DIV 5.00V/DIV
GND>
FIGURE 11. ISL8102EVAL1 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
To protect from an overvoltage event during normal
operation, the ISL8102 continually monitors the output
voltage. If the output voltage exceeds a specific limit (set
internally), the controller commands the LGATE signals high,
turning on the lower MOSFETs to keep the output voltage
below a level that might cause damage to the Load. As
shown in the overvoltage event in Figure 12, turning on the
lower MOSFETs not only keeps the output voltage from
rising, it also sinks a large amount of current, causing the
input voltage to the power stage to drop. If this causes the
input power supply voltage to fall below the POR level of the
ISL8102, as seen at the end of the waveform in Figure 13,
the controller responds by using the pre-POR overvoltage
protection explained in the previous section. This allows the
ISL8102 to always keep the output load safe from high
voltage spikes during an entire overvoltage event.
LGATE2
Vin = PVCC
GND>
GND>
1ms/DIV
1.0V/DIV
GND>
GND>
1.0V/DIV
1.0V/DIV
VOUT
1.0V/DIV
VOUT
GND>
10.00V/DIV
LGATE2
GND>
Vin = PVCC
5.00V/DIV
Prior to PVCC and VCC exceeding their POR levels, the
ISL8102 is designed to protect the load from any overvoltage
events that may occur (such an overvoltage may occur if for
example one of the upper MOSFETs was shorted at
assembly due to manufacturing defects). This is
accomplished by means of an internal 10kΩ resistor tied
from PHASE to LGATE, which turns on the lower MOSFET
to control the output voltage until the input power supply
current limits itself and cuts off. In Figure 12, an artificial prePOR overvoltage event has been created by shorting the
positive 12V input plane to the PHASE plane. This same
12V input is connected to PVCC pins of the ISL8102.
Figure 12 illustrates how the controller protects the load from
a high output voltage spike, when the 12V input turns on, by
tying LGATE to PHASE.
2.00V/DIV
Pre-POR Overvoltage Protection
GND>
1ms/DIV
FIGURE 13. ISL8102EVAL1 PRE-POR OVERVOLTAGE
PROTECTION
Efficiency
The efficiency of the ISL8102EVAL1 board, loaded from 0A
to 60A, at both PVCC = 5V and 12V are plotted in Figure 14
for VOUT = 1.5V. Measurements were performed at room
temperature and taken at thermal equilibrium without any air
flow. The efficiency peaks just below 88% at 35A for the
PVCC = 12V case and then levels off steadily to
approximately 86% at 60A, while for the PVCC = 5V,
efficiency peaks at around 89% at 17A and then falls down
to approximately 84% at 60A.
>
T0
T1
T2
FIGURE 12. ISL8102EVAL1 PRE-POR OUTPUT
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (START-UP WITH
SHORTED UPPER FET)
7
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
The offset pin (OFS) allows for small-range (less than
100mV), positive or negative, offsetting of the output voltage.
The board is shipped with R90 equal to 0Ω and R82 is not
populated to provide an output voltage equal to the internal
DAC setting. Should an output voltage setting outside the
normal range provided via the internal DAC be required, a
separate resistor divider connected from the load output
terminals to VSEN pin as shown in Figure 16 is needed.
90
88
86
EFFICIENCY ( % )
84
PVCC = 5V
PVCC = 12V
82
VOUT = 1.5V
Fsw = 400kHz
80
78
76
COMP
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
R1
LOAD CURRENT ( A )
5
R4
6
VDIFF
R3
C4
The efficiency for VOUT = 1.8V is plotted in Figure 15. The
efficiency peaks just below 89% at 35A for the PVCC = 12V
case and then levels off steadily to approximately 87% at
60A, while for the PVCC = 5V, efficiency peaks at around
90% at 20A and then falls down to approximately 86% at
60A. The use of air flow could improve the efficiency across
the load range and keeps the components cooler leading to
better reliability and longer component lives.
ISL8102
C1
FB
FIGURE 14. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT
4
8
7
VSEN
C2
72
RGND
74
VOUT+
RL = R81
RH = R90
VOUT-
FIGURE 16. ADJUSTING VOUT OUTSIDE THE REF (DAC)
RANGE
92
Use the following relationships to calculate the value of the
resistors based on the known parameters.
90
88
EFFICIENCY ( % )
86
R L + R H ≤ 500Ω
PVCC = 5V
84
82
Choose R L = 300Ω
PVCC = 12V
80
78
VOUT = 1.8V
76
Fsw = 400kHz
Choose a value of VREF that meets the following condition
VREF ≥ VOUT – 0.8V
74
72
Choose a value for RL (for example 300Ω)
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
LOAD CURRENT ( A )
FIGURE 15. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT
Calculate the value of the resistor RH
R L ⋅ ( VOUT – REF )
R H = ----------------------------------------------------REF
Modifications
Example:
Adjusting the Output Voltage
VOUT = 2.1V
The output voltage can be adjusted by changing the 2 bit
inputs (REF1, REF0) of internal DAC (externally connected
with a resistor to REF). Please consult the data sheet for the
available voltage ranges and the required settings.
VREF ≥ 2.1V – 0.8V ≥ 1.3V
VREF = 1.5V
R L = 300Ω
300Ω ⋅ ( 2.1V – 1.5V )
R H = -------------------------------------------------------- = 120Ω
1.5V
8
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
Down-Converting From a Different Input Voltage
Summary
The ISL8102EVAL1 is powered from bench supplies, the
input labeled ‘+12V’ can be adjusted down as desired. If
experimenting with a lower voltage, be mindful of a few
aspects:
The ISL8102EVAL1 evaluation board showcases a highly
integrated approach to providing control in a wide variety of
applications. The sophisticated feature set and high-current
MOSFET drivers of the ISL8102 yield a highly efficient
power conversion solution with a reduced number of
external components in a compact footprint. The following
pages provide a board schematic, bill of materials and layout
drawings to support implementation of this solution. Refer to
the ISL8102 data sheet for detailed layout instructions.
• The duty cycle of the controller is limited to 66%; the
circuit will not be capable of properly regulating the output
voltage should the input be reduced to a level low enough
to induce duty cycle saturation.
• The input-RMS current will likely increase as the input
voltage is decreased; maximum will occur at duty cycles
around 25% for the two-phase and to 50% for singlephase.
• As the evaluation board (as shipped) was not optimized
for high duty cycle operation, closely monitor the board
temperatures and increase the output current only as
allowed by the board thermal behavior.
References
Intersil documents are available on the web at
www.intersil.com.
[1] ISL8102 Data Sheet, Intersil Corporation, File No.
FN9247.
• The reduced input voltage will decrease the amount of
loop gain the modulator provides in the feedback loop, as
a result, expect a more sluggish transient response when
operating the board at reduced down-conversion voltage.
• The Evaluation Board (as shipped) have the +12V is
connected as the input to be down-converted and
provides gate drive bias (PVCC). Since PVCC can
assume any value between +5 and +12V, the Input can be
reduced only to 5V. If a lower input voltage is desired, the
PVCC voltage should be provided by a separate supply
whose value does not drop below +5V. The VCC bias
supply can be used in this case (Consult the section
entitled PVCC Power Options for more details on how
this can be accomplished).
9
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
ISL8102EVAL1 Schematic
10
Application Note 1212
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
ISL8102EVAL1 Schematic
11
Application Note 1212
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
ISL8102EVAL1 Schematic
12
Application Note 1212
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
ISL8102EVAL1 Schematic
13
Application Note 1212
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
Bill of Materials for ISL8102EVAL1
REFERENCE
DESIGNATOR
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
CASE/
FOOTPRINT
MANUF. OR
VENDOR
QTY
C34, 37, 40, 41, 44, 4SEPC560M
47, 48
Capacitor, TH, 8x13mm, 560µF, 4V, 20%, 7mΩ
8x13 mm
Sanyo
7
DNP (C29, 30, 33)
4SEPC560M
Capacitor, TH, 8x13mm, 560µF, 4V, 20%, 7mΩ
8x13 mm
Sanyo
0
C57
C3225X5R1A226M
Ceramic Capacitor, X5R, 10V, 22µF
1210
TDK
1
C56
GRM188R71H102KA
ECJ-1VB1H102K
C0603X7R500-102KNE
Ceramic Capacitor, X7R, 0603, 50V, 10%, 1000pF
0603
Murata
Panasonic
Venkel
1
C10
C0603X7R500-332KNE
0603B332K500BT
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0603, 3300pF, 50V, 10%, X7R
0603
Venkel
BC Components
1
C4
0.027µF Ceramic Cap
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0603, 0.027µF, 50V, 10%, X7R
0603
Any
1
C1
ECU-V1H101JCG
C0805COG500-101JNE
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 100pF, 50V, 5%, NPO
0805
Panasonic
Venkel
1
C2, C7
C0805C103K5RACTU
08055C103KAT2A
ECJ-2VB1H103K
C0805X7R500-103KNE
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 0.01µF, 50V, 10%, X7R
0805
Kemet
AVX
Panasonic
Venkel
2
C8, C9, C64
GRM40X7R104K050AD
C0805 1-4K5RAC7800
C0805X74500-104KNE
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 0.1µF, 50V, 10%, X7R
0805
Murata
Kemet
Venkel
3
C65
C0805X7R160-105KNE
C0805C105K4RAC
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 1µF, 16V, 10%, X7R
0805
Venkel
Kemet
1
C6, C12
08053D105KAT2A
C0805X7R250-105KNE
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 1.0µF, 25V, 10%, X5R
0805
AVX
Venkel
2
C5
ECJ-2VB1H223K
C0805X7R500-223KNE
CAPACITOR, SMD, 805, 0.022µF, 50V, 10%, X7R
0805
Panasonic
Venkel
1
C14, C16, C55,
C67, C68.
ECJ-3YB1C105K
C1206X7R160-105KNE
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1206, 1µF, 16V, 10%, X7R
1206
Panasonic
Venkel
5
C24, C25
C1206X7R100-106KNE
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1206, 10µF, 10V, 10%, X7R
1206
Venkel
Any
2
C38, C39, C42,
C43,
C45, C46, C49C54, C80-C87
22µF Ceramic
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1206, 22µF, 6.3V, 20%, X5R
1206
Any
20
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1210, 100µF, 6.3V, 20%, X5R
1210
TDK
Panasonic
AVX
4
1210
TDK
Murata
2
C27, C28, C31, C32 C3225X5R0J107M
ECJ-4YB0J107M
12106D107MAT
C21, C22
C3225X5R1C226M
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1210, 22µF, 16V, 20%, X5R
GRM32ER61C226ME20L
C20, C88-C90
16MBZ1800M10X23
CAP, RADIAL, 10x23, 1800µF, 16V, 20%, ALUM. ELEC 10x23
Rubycon
Panasonic
4
DNP (L4)
1008PS-153K
COIL RF INDUC, SMD, 2.74mm, 15µH, 10%, .6A
Coilcraft
0
L2, L3
IHLP-5050FD-01-R47M
COIL-PWR INDUCTOR, SMD, 13mm, 0.47µH, 20%,
55A, SHIELDED
Vishay
2
J5, J10
131-4353-00
CONN-GEN, SCOPE PROBE TEST PT
Tektronix
2
P6, P11, P12, P21, 1514-2
P23-P25, P27, P41
CONN-GEN, TERMINAL POST, TH, 0.09
Keystone
9
J8
CONN-PLUG, BANA-INSUL-SDRLESS, BLK, 4.23mm
Mouser
1
164-6218
14
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
Bill of Materials for ISL8102EVAL1 (Continued)
REFERENCE
DESIGNATOR
J7
PART NUMBER
164-6219
DESCRIPTION
CASE/
FOOTPRINT
MANUF. OR
VENDOR
QTY
CONN-PLUG, BANA-INSUL-SDRLESS, RED, 4.23mm,
RA
Mouser
1
5002
P1-P5, P7-P10,
P13-P15, P17, P18,
P20, P22, P26, P28,
P29, P42
CONN-GEN, MINI TEST POINT, VERTICAL, WHITE
Mouser
20
S7
BAS40-06LT1-T
DIODE-SCHOTTKY BARRIER, SMD, SOT-23, 3P, 40V
On Semiconductor
1
S3, S4
BAV99TA-T
DIODE-SWITCHING, SMD, SOT23, 70V, 0.2A
Zetex Inc
2
D2
MBR0540T1-T
DIODE-RECTIFIER, SMD, SOD-123, 2P, 40V, 0.5A
On Semiconductor
1
DNP (D4, D5)
MBR0540T1-T
DIODE-RECTIFIER, SMD, SOD-123, 2P, 40V, 0.5A
On Semiconductor
0
D1
SSL-LXA3025IGC-TR
LED, SMD, 3x2.5mm, 4P, RED/GREEN, 12/20MCD, 2V
Lumex
1
L1
T50-8/90-8T-16AWG-1UH CORE, RADIAL, TH, 1.0µH, T50-8/90, 8TURNS,
16AWG
Any
1
U3
HIP2100IB
IC-HI FREQ BRIDGE DRIVER, 8P, SOIC, 100V
Intersil
1
U1
ISL8102IRZ
IC-2 PHASE PWM CONTROLLER, 32P, QFN, 5X5,
Pb-Free
Intersil
1
Q19, Q22
2N7002-T
TRANSISTOR, N-CHANNEL, 3LD, SOT-23, 60V,
115mA
Any
2
Q23
CZT3019
TRANSISTOR, NPN, 4P, SOT-223, 120V, 1A
Central
Semiconductor
1
Q1, Q2, Q5, Q6.
HAT2168H
MOSFET, 30V, 8.8mΩ
LFPAK
Renesas
4
Q4, Q3, Q7, Q8.
HAT2165H
MOSFET, 30V, 3.4mΩ
LFPAK
Renesas
4
Q20, Q21
SUD50N03-07
TRANSIST-MOS, N-CHANNEL, SMD, TO-252, 30V,
20A
DPAK
Vishay
2
R17
2.4kΩ
Resistor, SMD, 0, 1/16W, 5%
0603
Any
1
R94, R95
10Ω
Resistor, 10Ω, 1/16W, 5%
0603
Any
2
R6
20Ω
Resistor, 20Ω, 1/16W, 5%
0603
Any
1
R10, R26, R46,
R90, R91, R93,
R104, R105
0Ω
Shorting resistor
0603
Any
7
R1, R3
1kΩ
Resistor, 1kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R27, R28, R49
10kΩ
Resistor, 10kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
3
R31, R50, R53
10.7kΩ
Resistor, 10.7kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
3
R32
1.87kΩ
Resistor, 1.87kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R43, R44
2.43kΩ
Resistor, 2.43kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R34, R36
249Ω
Resistor, 249Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R33
402Ω
Resistor, 402Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R30
46.4kΩ
Resistor, 46.6kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R14
48.7kΩ
Resistor, 48.7kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R100
4.99kΩ
Resistor, 4.99kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R4
51.1Ω
Resistor, 51.1Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R35, R37
562Ω
Resistor, 562Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R13
60.4kΩ
Resistor, 60.4kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
15
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
Bill of Materials for ISL8102EVAL1 (Continued)
REFERENCE
DESIGNATOR
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
CASE/
FOOTPRINT
MANUF. OR
VENDOR
QTY
R15, R16
62kΩ
Resistor, 62kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R18, R20
750Ω
Resistor, 750Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R11
887Ω
Resistor, 887Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R69
10Ω
Resistor, 10Ω, 1/10W, 1%
0805
Any
1
R8, R21, R22,
R101, R102
0Ω
Resistor, 0Ω, 1/10W, 5%
0805
Any
5
R67
301Ω
Resistor, 301Ω, 1/10W, 1%
0805
Any
1
R70
909Ω
Resistor, 909Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R72
0Ω
Resistor, 0Ω, 1W, 5%
2512
Any
1
R38, R39
0.12Ω
Resistor, 0Ω, 1W, 5%
2512
Any
1
U2
218-2LPST
SWITCH, SMD, 2P, SLIDE, 150M HALFPITCHGOLD
CTS
1
S1, S2
GT11MSCKE
SWITCH-TOGGLE, SMD, ULTRAMINI, 1P, SPST MINI
C&K
2
J1-J4
KPA8CTP
MTG HDWR, CBL.TERMINAL-LUG&SCREW,
6-14AWG
BERG/FCI
4
C3, C15, C17, C70, DNP
C71, C91 C92,
C169
0
R2, R5, R7, R9,
R12, R19, R23R25, R29, R40R42, R45, R48,
R51, R52, R54R57, R68, R71,
R81, R92
DNP
0
DNP (D3)
LT1009CLP
IC-2.5V ADJ. SHUNT REGULATOR, TH, 3P, TO-92
TO-92
TI
DNP (U5)
LT1616ES6
IC-SWITCHING REGULATOR, 6P, SOT23, 0.6A
SOT23
Linear Tech
16
0
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
ISL8102EVAL1 Layout
TOP SILK SCREEN
TOP LAYER (1st)
17
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
ISL8102EVAL1 Layout
(Continued)
GROUND LAYER (2nd)
GND/SIGNAL LAYER (3rd)
18
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
ISL8102EVAL1 Layout
(Continued)
POWER LAYER (4th)
GND LAYER (5th)
19
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005
Application Note 1212
ISL8102EVAL1 Layout
(Continued)
POWER/SIGNAL LAYER (6th)
BOTTOM SILK SCREEN
Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to
verify that the Application Note or Technical Brief is current before proceeding.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
20
AN1212.0
October 31, 2005