Selection guide - March 2014 Si APD (Avalanche Photodiode) High-speed, high sensitivity photodiodes having an internal gain mechanism HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K. S i A v a l a n c h e P h o t o d i o d e Si APD High-speed, high sensitivity photodiodes having an internal gain mechanism Short wavelength type Si APD · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 · Low-bias operation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 · Low terminal capacitance · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6 Contents Near infrared type Si APD· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7 APD modules · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11 · Low bias operation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7 · Standard type · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11 · Low temperature coefficient · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9 · High-sensitivity type · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 · 900 nm band, low terminal capacitance · · · · · · 10 · High-stability type · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 · 1000 nm band, high sensitivity · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10 · High-speed type · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 13 Si APD (avalanche photodiode) The APD is a high-speed, high-sensitivity photodiode that internally multiplies photocurrent when reverse voltage is applied. The APD, having a signal multiplication function inside its element, achieves higher S/N than the PIN photodiode and can be used in a wide range of applications such as high-accuracy rangefinders and low-light-level detection that use scintillators. Though the APD can detect lower level light than the PIN photodiode, it does require special care and handling such as the need for higher reverse voltage and more detailed consideration of its temperature-dependent gain characteristics. Si APD Recommended Peak sensitivity wavelength wavelength (nm) (nm) Type Low-bias operation Short wavelength Low terminal type capacitance 200 to 650 320 to 650 620 600 Type no. Package S12053 series, etc. Metal S8664-K series Metal S8664-55/-1010 S8550 - 02 Low-bias operation Near infrared Low temperature type coefficient 600 to 800 Applications Enhanced sensitivity in the UV to visible · Low-light-level detection region · Analytical instruments Ceramic S12023 series, etc. Metal S10341 series Surface mount type 800 Features · FSO High sensitivity in the near IR region and · Optical rangefinders low bias voltage (operating voltage) · Optical fiber communication Compact, thin, low cost · Optical rangefinders · Laser radars · FSO 600 to 800 800 S12062 series, etc. Metal · FSO Low temperature coefficient of the bias · Optical rangefinders voltage, easy gain adjustment · Optical fiber communication 900 nm band, low terminal capacitance 800 to 1000 860 S12092 series, etc. Metal Enhanced sensitivity in the 900 nm band 1000 nm band/ high sensitivity 900 to 1150 960 S11519 series Metal Enhanced sensitivity in the 1000 nm band, · YAG laser detection, etc. low bias voltage (operating voltage) · Optical rangefinders · Laser radars APD module Type Standard type Type no. C12702 series Features Contains near infrared type or short wavelength type APD. FC/SMA fiber adapters are also available. High-sensitivity type C12703 series High gain type for low-light-level detection High-stability type C10508- 01 Digital temperature compensation type, high stability APD module High-speed type C5658 Can be used over a wide frequency range (up to 1 GHz) Principle of avalanche multiplication The photocurrent generation mechanism of the APD is the same as that of a normal photodiode. When light enters a photodiode, electron-hole pairs are generated if the light energy is higher than the band gap energy. The ratio of the number of generated electron-hole pairs to the number of incident photons is defined as the quantum efficiency (QE), expressed in percent (%). The mechanism by which carriers are generated inside an APD is the same as in a photodiode, but the APD is different from a photodiode in that it has a function to multiply the generated carriers. When electron-hole pairs are generated in the depletion layer of an APD with a reverse voltage applied to the PN junction, the electric field causes the electrons to drift toward the N+ side and the holes to drift toward the P+ side. The higher the electric field strength, the higher the drift speed of these carriers. Principle of APD operation However, when the electric field reaches a certain level, the carriers are more likely to collide with the crystal lattice so Generated carriers produce new electronthat the drift speed becomes saturated at a certain speed. If hole pairs while being accelerated by high N+ electric field. Ionization - - - - ++ the electric field is increased even further, carriers that esAvalanche - -+ P layer caped the collision with the crystal lattice will have a great -+ Newly generated carriers are also accelerated deal of energy. When these carriers collide with the crystal Pto produce further electron-hole pairs, and this + lattice, a phenomenon takes place in which new electron-hole P process repeats itself. Avalanche multiplication pairs are generated. This phenomenon is called ionization. High Gain proportional to the applied reverse voltage These electron-hole pairs then create additional electron-hole bias voltage can be obtained. pairs, which generate a chain reaction of ionization. KAPDC0006EC 3 Si APD Spectral response (Si APD) (Typ. Ta=25 °C, M=50, λ=650 nm) 55 Near infrared type (1000 nm band/high sensitivity) 50 Photosensitivity (A/W) 45 Near infrared type (Low-bias operation) 40 Near infrared type (Low temperature coefficient) 35 30 Short wavelength type (Low-bias operation) 25 Short wavelength type (Low terminal capacitance) 20 15 Near infrared type (900 nm band, low terminal capacitance) 10 5 0 200 600 400 800 1000 1200 Wavelength (nm) KAPDB0195ED Cutoff frequency vs. recommended wavelength (photosensitive area size compared at 0.5 mm) 1000 High Cutoff frequency (MHz) Near infrared type ( 800 Low-bias operation Low temperature coefficient ) Near infrared type (1000 nm band/high sensitivity) Short wavelength type (Low terminal capacitance) 600 Near infrared type ( Short wavelength type (Low-bias operation) 400 900 nm band, low terminal capacitance ) 200 Low 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Wavelength (nm) KAPDB0196EC Sensitivity vs. response speed (APD modules) 109 C12703-01 DC to 100 kHz -1.5 × 108 V/W Sensitivity (V/W) 108 C10508-01 DC to 10 MHz 2.5 × 105 to 1.25 × 107 V/W C12703 DC to 10 MHz 1.5 × 106 V/W 107 106 C5658 50 kHz to 1 GHz 2.5 × 105 V/W 5 10 C12702 series 4 types available for different photosensitive areas and wavelengths 4 kHz to 100 MHz -1 × 104 V/W 4 10 103 DC 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M 100 M 1G Response speed (Hz) KAPDB0197EB Si APD 4 Short wavelength type Si APD These are short wavelength Si APDs with enhanced sensitivity in the UV to visible region. They offer high gain, high sensitivity, and low noise in the short wavelength region. They are suitable for applications such as low-light-level measurement and analytical instruments. Low-bias operation Type no. Effective*1 photosensitive area Spectral response range (mm) (nm) Breakdown Temp. Cutoff*2 voltage coefficient of frequency max. breakdown RL=50 Ω ID=100 μA voltage (V/°C) (MHz) (V) Rise*2 time RL=50 Ω Terminal*2 capacitance (ns) (pF) S12053- 02 ϕ0.2 900 0.4 2 S12053- 05 ϕ0.5 400 0.9 5 S12053-10 ϕ1.0 250 1.5 15 200 to 1000 200 Package TO-18 0.14 ϕ1.5 S9075 Gain λ=650 nm 50 100 3.5 30 TO-5 S5344 ϕ3.0 25 14 120 S5345 ϕ5.0 8 45 320 TO-8 *1: Area in which a typical gain can be obtained *2: Value obtained when operated at the gain indicated in the table Spectral response Quantum efficiency vs. wavelength (Typ. Ta=25 °C, M at 650 nm) 30 Gain vs. reverse voltage (Typ. Ta=25 °C) 100 (Typ. λ=650 nm) 103 M=50 -20 °C 20 M=20 10 M=10 Si APD 0 °C 20 °C 40 °C 40 101 60 °C 20 0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) KAPDB0010ED 5 102 60 Gain Quantum efficiency (%) Photosensitivity (A/W) 80 100 130 140 150 160 Reverse voltage (V) KAPDB0023EB KAPDB0011EC Short wavelength type Si APD Low terminal capacitance Type no. Effective*1 photosensitive area Spectral response range (mm) (nm) Breakdown voltage max. ID=100 μA (V) Temp. coefficient of breakdown voltage (V/°C) Cutoff*2 frequency RL=50 Ω Rise*2 time RL=50 Ω Terminal*2 capacitance (MHz) (ns) (pF) S8664- 02K ϕ0.2 700 0.5 0.8 S8664- 05K ϕ0.5 680 0.52 1.6 S8664-10K ϕ1.0 530 0.66 4 S8664-20K ϕ2.0 280 1.3 11 S8664-30K ϕ3.0 140 2.5 22 S8664-50K ϕ5.0 60 6 55 S8664-55 5×5 40 9 80 Gain λ=420 nm Package TO-5 TO-8 320 to 1000 500 0.78 50 Ceramic S8664-1010 10 × 10 11 32 270 4 × 8 element array Type no. Terminal*2 capacitance (MHz) (pF) 500 0.78 250 10 (per element) Spectral response range Breakdown voltage max. (mm) (nm) 1.6 × 1.6 320 to 1000 (× 32 elements) S8550 - 02 Cutoff*2 frequency RL=50 Ω (V) Temp. coefficient of breakdown voltage (V/°C) Effective*1 photosensitive area Gain λ=420 nm 50 Package Ceramic *1: Area in which a typical gain can be obtained *2: Value obtained when operated at the gain indicated in the table Spectral response Quantum efficiency vs. wavelength (Typ. M=50 at 420 nm) 100 S8664-02K/-05K/-10K/ -20K/-30K/-50K 80 Quantum efficiency (%) Photosensitivity (A/W) 20 15 10 -20 °C 100 0 °C 60 S8664-02K/-05K/-10K/ -20K/-30K/-50K 40 20 °C 40 °C 10 20 5 0 200 (Typ. λ=420 nm) 1000 S8664-55/-1010 S8550 S8664-55/-1010 S8550 Gain 25 Gain vs. reverse voltage (Typ. Ta=25 °C) 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 200 60 °C 400 600 800 1000 1200 Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) KAPDB0073EC 1 200 300 400 500 Reverse voltage (V) KAPDB0125EA KAPDB0076EB Si APD 6 Near infrared type Si APD Low-bias operation These are near infrared Si APDs that operate with low bias voltage. Since high gain can be attained with a bias voltage of 200 V or less, they are suitable for applications such as FSO, laser radar, and optical fiber communication. Type no. S12023- 02 Effective*1 photosensitive area Spectral response range (mm) (nm) Breakdown voltage max. ID=100 μA (V) Temp. coefficient of breakdown voltage (V/°C) Cutoff*2 frequency RL=50 Ω Terminal*2 capacitance (MHz) (pF) ϕ0.2 1000 1 ϕ0.5 900 2 Gain λ=800 nm Package S12023- 05 S12051 TO-18 100 S12086 400 to 1000 S12023-10 200 0.65 ϕ1.0 600 6 ϕ1.5 400 10 S12023-10A S3884 TO-5 S2384 ϕ3.0 120 40 60 S2385 ϕ5.0 40 95 40 TO-8 Surface mount type The S10341 series is a low cost, small size Si APD with a surface-mount plastic package suitable for mass production. Type no. S10341- 02 Effective*1 photosensitive area Spectral response range Breakdown voltage max. (mm) (nm) (V) ϕ0.2 400 to 1000 S10341- 05 200 ϕ0.5 *1: Area in which a typical gain can be obtained *2: Value obtained when operated at the gain indicated in the table 7 Si APD Temp. coefficient of breakdown voltage (V/°C) Cutoff*2 frequency RL=50 Ω Terminal*2 capacitance (MHz) (pF) 1000 1 0.65 Gain λ=800 nm 100 900 2 Package Plastic Near infrared type Si APD Spectral response Quantum efficiency vs. wavelength (Typ. Ta=25 °C, M at 800 nm) 50 (Typ. Ta=25 °C) 100 M=100 80 Quantum efficiency (%) Photosensitivity (A/W) 40 30 M=50 20 10 60 40 20 0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) KAPDB0020EB KAPDB0021EA Gain vs. reverse voltage (Typ. λ=800 nm) 10000 20 °C 0 °C 1000 Gain -20 °C 100 40 °C 10 1 80 60 °C 100 120 140 160 180 Reverse voltage (V) KAPDB0017EC Si APD 8 Low temperature coefficient These are near infrared Si APDs featuring low temperature coefficient of the bias voltage. They produce stable gain over a wide temperature range. They are suitable for applications such as FSO, laser radar, and optical fiber communication. Type no. Effective*1 photosensitive area Spectral response range (mm) (nm) Breakdown voltage max. ID=100 μA (V) Temp. coefficient of breakdown voltage (V/°C) Cutoff*2 frequency RL=50 Ω Terminal*2 capacitance (MHz) (pF) S12060 - 02 ϕ0.2 1000 1 S12060 - 05 ϕ0.5 900 2.5 Gain λ=800 nm Package TO-18 100 ϕ1.0 S12060 -10 400 to 1000 300 6 350 12 0.4 ϕ1.5 S6045 - 04 600 TO-5 S6045 - 05 ϕ3.0 80 50 60 S6045 - 06 ϕ5.0 35 120 40 TO-8 *1: Area in which a typical gain can be obtained *2: Value obtained when operated at the gain indicated in the table Spectral response Quantum efficiency vs. wavelength (Typ. Ta=25 °C) (Typ. Ta=25 °C, M at 800 nm) 100 50 M=100 80 Quantum efficiency (%) Photosensitivity (A/W) 40 30 20 10 60 40 20 M=50 0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength (nm) Gain vs. reverse voltage (Typ. λ=800 nm) -20 °C 103 Gain 0 °C 20 °C 102 40 °C 101 60 °C 100 160 180 200 220 240 260 Reverse voltage (V) 9 Si APD 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength (nm) KAPDB0026EA 104 0 200 KAPDB0029EB KAPDB0027EA Near infrared type Si APD 900 nm band, low terminal capacitance This series is used in laser radar and other applications. It features a gradual curve of gain versus reverse voltage curve, providing stable operation. Type no. Effective*1 photosensitive area Spectral response range (mm) (nm) Breakdown voltage max. ID=100 μA (V) Temp. coefficient of breakdown voltage (V/°C) Cutoff*2 frequency RL=50 Ω Terminal*2 capacitance (MHz) (pF) ϕ0.2 S12092- 02 Gain λ=900 nm 0.4 400 TO-18 ϕ0.5 S12092- 05 0.7 440 to 1100 350 1.85 100 ϕ1.0 S9251-10 Package 380 1.9 TO-5 ϕ1.5 S9251-15 350 3.6 *1: Area in which a typical gain can be obtained *2: Value obtained when operated at the gain indicated in the table 1000 nm band, high sensitivity The S11519 series incorporates MEMS technology to enhance the sensitivity in the near IR region for YAG laser (1.06 μm) detection. Type no. Effective photosensitive area Spectral response range (mm) (nm) Breakdown voltage max. ID=100 μA (V) Temp. coefficient of breakdown voltage (V/°C) Cutoff frequency RL=50 Ω Terminal capacitance (MHz) (pF) 400 2 ϕ1.0 S11519 -10 600 to 1150 500 100 230 12 TO-8 Gain vs. reverse voltage Spectral response S11519 series S9251 series (Typ. Ta=25 °C, M=100 at 800 nm) 80 Package TO-5 1.7 ϕ3.0 S11519 -30 Gain λ=890 nm (Typ. λ=800 nm) 104 (Typ.) 104 70 -20 °C 0 °C 0 °C 20 °C 20 °C 103 103 -20 °C 40 Gain 50 Gain Photosensitivity (A/W) S11519 series 60 102 30 102 40 °C 60 °C S9251 series 40 °C 101 20 60 °C 101 10 0 400 600 800 1000 1200 Wavelength (nm) 1 100 150 200 250 300 200 300 400 Reverse voltage (V) Reverse voltage (V) KAPDB0109EC 100 100 KAPDB0082EB KAPDB0185EA Si APD 10 APD modules Standard type The APD module consists of an amplifier and bias power supply assembled in a compact form to facilitate the use of the Si APD. Running on a +5 V power supply, it can be used for a variety of light detection applications up to 100 MHz of frequency bandwidth. Near infrared type Features Applications Peak sensitivity wavelength: 800 nm Wide bandwidth Optical fiber adapters are also available (sold separately). Type no. Effective* photosensitive area Si APD evaluation FSO Barcode readers Laser radars Optical rangefinders Optical communication Cutoff frequency Built-in APD Low High (mm) C12702- 03 ϕ1.0 S12023-10 C12702- 04 ϕ3.0 S2384 4 kHz Photoelectric conversion sensitivity M=30, λ=800 nm (V/W) Minimum detection limit M=30, λ=800 nm Temperature stability of gain 25 ± 10 °C Supply voltage (nW rms) (%) (V) ±2.5 +5 Minimum detection limit M=30, λ=620 nm Temperature stability of gain 25 ± 10 °C Supply voltage (nW rms) (%) (V) ±2.5 +5 100 MHz -6.8 × 104 3 80 MHz -2.3 × 104 3.6 Short wavelength type Features Applications Peak sensitivity wavelength: 620 nm Wide bandwidth Optical fiber adapters are also available (sold separately). Type no. Effective* photosensitive area Si APD evaluation Film scanners Laser monitoring Cutoff frequency Built-in APD Low High (mm) C12702-11 ϕ1.0 S12053-10 C12702-12 ϕ3.0 S5344 * Area in which a typical gain can be obtained 11 Si APD 4 kHz Photoelectric conversion sensitivity M=30, λ=620 nm (V/W) 4 100 MHz -2.5 × 10 40 MHz -1.9 × 104 5 6.3 APD modules High-sensitivity type These are high-gain APD modules suitable for low-light-level detection. They can be used for DC light detection. Applications Features Si APD evaluation Fluorescence measurement Barcode readers Particle counters Film scanners Low-light-level detection DC light detection High gain Type no. Effective* photosensitive size Cutoff frequency Internal APD Low Photoelectric conversion sensitivity M=30, λ=800 nm (V/W) High (mm) C12703 ϕ1.5 S3884 C12703-01 ϕ3.0 S2384 DC Minimum detection limit M=30, λ=800 nm Temperature stability of gain 25 ± 10 °C Supply voltage (pW rms) (%) (V) ±2.5 ±12 Temperature stability of gain 0 to 40 °C Supply voltage (pW rms) (%) (V) 63 ±5.0 max. ±5 10 MHz 1.50 × 10 6 630 100 kHz -1.50 × 108 6.3 High-stability type The C10508-01 consists of an APD, current-voltage converter, high-voltage power supply circuit as well as a microcontroller for adjusting the APD gain and controlling temperature compensation with high accuracy. This makes it easy to adjust the APD gain and even at high gain, stable detection is possible even under temperature fluctuating conditions. Applications Features Gain: adjustable by switch or PC command Gain temperature stability: ±5% or less (Gain=250, Ta=0 °C to +40 °C) Easy handling: only ±5 V power supply Type no. C10508- 01 Si APD evaluation Power meters Low-light-level detection Cutoff frequency Photoelectric conversion sensitivity M=250, λ=800 nm (V/W) Effective* photosensitive size (mm) Internal APD Low High ϕ1.0 S12023-10 DC 10 MHz 1.25 × 107 Minimum detection limit M=250, λ=800 nm * Area in which a typical gain can be obtained. FC/SMA fiber adapter (sold separately) FC or SMA fiber adapters can be attached to the following APD modules to allow FC or SMA optical fiber cables to be connected to the modules. APD module FC fiber adapter SMA fiber adapter C12702- 03 A8407-18 A8424-18 C12702- 04 A8407- 05A A8424- 05A C12702-11 A8407-18 A8424-18 C12702-12 A8407- 05A A8424- 05A C12703 A8407- 05 A8424- 05 C12703- 01 A8407- 05A A8424- 05A C10508- 01 A12855 - 01 A12855 - 02 Si APD 12 High-speed type This device can be used in a wide frequency range (up to 1 GHz). Features Applications High-speed light detection Flat frequency characteristics Compact and lightweight Single power supply operation OTDR Optical communication Laser radars FSO Optical rangefinders Cutoff frequency Type no. C5658 13 Si APD Effective*1 photosensitive size (mm) Internal APD Low High ϕ0.5 S12023- 05 50 kHz 1 GHz Photoelectric conversion sensitivity M=100, λ=800 nm (V/W) 2.50 × 105 Minimum detection limit M=100, λ=800 nm Temperature stability of gain 25 ± 10 °C Supply voltage (nW rms) (%) (V) 16 ±5.0 +12 Copies of the full warranty can be obtained prior to the purchase of products by contacting your local Hamamatsu sales office. Hamamatsu makes no other warranties, and any and all implied warranties of merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose, are hereby disclaimed. The customer is responsible for use of the product in accordance with Hamamatsu's instructions and within the operating specifications and ratings listed in this catalogue. 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Block 2, Kaki Bukit Avenue 1, #04-01 to #04-04 Kaki Bukit Industrial Estate, Singapore 417938 Telephone: (65)67458910, Fax: (65)67418200 Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Poland: HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-265-8 E-mail: [email protected] © 2014 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Quality, technology, and service are part of every product. Cat. No. KAPD0001E05 Mar. 2014 DN Printed in Japan (2,000)