Caution about Safety in Use

Panasonic
Caution about Safety in Use
CAUTION AND WARNING
・Please consult us in case that demand the specification of our company without fail and do the confirmation of the use
condition and that exceeds the entry value and be indistinct when you use it.
・The film capacitors contain a film based dielectric which may be flammable under certain operating conditions. When in
use, they can either emit smoke and/or ignite should the product be defective. It is recommended covering the
surrounding resin with flame-resistant materials or case as needed particularly.
・In the event of troubles of other parts on the circuit such as shortening and opening, provide with proper means for
preventing excessive voltage, current or temperature exceeding the rating from being applied to the film capacitor
・Prior to use, please make sure that failure of the film capacitors does not have any negative effects on other surrounding
electronic circuit components and devices that would possibly cause damage. Proper safety measures should be taken
using fail-safe protective circuit designs to help prevent other devices of becoming unsafe.
Example:
a. State in which basic performance of automobiles (run, turn and stop)
b. False operations
c. Smoke emission/ignitions
・The Film Capacitor listed in this catalog are designed and manufactured specifically for general electronic devices,
including audio-video equipment, home appliance, office equipment and data communication equipment etc..
Accordingly, it is strongly recommended that the user contact us in advance it the parts are to be used for the following
devices(items 1 -12), which require having advanced security measures.
(1) Transport Equipment (motor vehicles, airplanes, trains, ships, traffic signal controllers)
(2) Medical Equipment (life-support equipment, pacemakers for the heart, dialysis controllers)
(3) Aircraft Equipment, Aerospace Equipment (airplanes, artificial satellites, rockets, etc.)
(4) Submarine Equipment (submarine repeating equipment, etc.)
(5) Generation Control Equipment (equipment for atomic/hydraulic/heat power plants)
(6) Information Processing Equipment (large scale computer system)
(7) Electric Heating Appliance, Burning Apparatus
(8) Rotary Motion Equipment
(9) Security Systems
(10) Robots
(11) Lighting Equipment
(12) And any similar types of equipment
・If used in a specific appliance that requires an extremely high reliability directly relating with any life-supporting
equipment like electronic aviation controllers, automotive driving controllers and engine controllers, please consult us
and use within the conditions designated in the specification. However the chip capacitor should not be used in these
appliances.
Note:
1. Technical information in this catalog is intended to convey examples of typical performances and/or applications, and is
not intended to convey patents rights, if any.
2. For the products, which are controlled items subject to the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law, the export
permission according to the Law is necessary.
3. Note of ozone depleting substances of class1 (ODS) under the Montreal Protocol is used in manufacturing process of
Device Solutions Business Division, Panasonic Corporation.
4. The information in this catalog is furnished as of January 2015
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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May 2015
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■When placing an order or making an inquiry, please
specify the following
1. Working voltage : DC, AC
2. Capacitance value
3. Capacitance tolerance
4. Finished product: color TV, stereo, switching power
supply, lighting fixture, etc
5. Application or circuit diagram; noise suppression,
resonance, etc.
6. Operating condition : pulse, frequency, waveform,
current, etc
7. Operating temperature
8. Dimensions : body, lead spacing, etc.
9. Shape : enclosure (dip, case, etc.), lead wire (straight,
crimped, taping, etc.)
10. Safety : There is an affect on other components and
circuit operation of device when the capacitor becomes
short-circuited or open. There is an affect on the
capacitor, when the other component or the circuit
works irregularly.
11. Others :
※Product specifications, materials and other points
mentioned in the catalog are subject to change without
notification
■Cautions about Safety in Use
1.Operating voltage
Caution!
For the film capacitor varies the maximum applicable
voltage depending on the applied voltage waveform,
current waveform, frequency, ambient temperature
(capacitor surface temperature), capacitance value, etc.
Use within the specified values by checking the voltage
waveform, current waveform, and frequency applied to
both ends of the capacitor prior to use. (In the case of
high frequency, the permissible voltage varies with the
type of the capacitor. For details please see the
relevant specifications.)
Caution about Safety in Use
●In a metalized capacitor, which has a self-healing
action, short circuit or other failure may not occur
immediately after application of a voltage over the
rated voltage, but the insulation resistance is lowered,
and it may lead to smoke or fire depending on the
circuit conditions.
●A noise suppression capacitor ( AC rated voltage)
should not be used at high frequency circuit.
Smoke and ignition may be caused by conditions for
use.
●The rated voltage of the capacitor for electronic
appliance is usually indicated in the DC voltage
except for special purposes.
1.2 Derating of rated voltage where operating
temperature is high
In film capacitors, the usable upper limit temperature
(the capacitor surface temperature) is determined by
the kind of dielectric materials.
When used beyond the rated upper limit temperature
(usable upper limit temperature), it is necessary to
voltage derate the in certain types (models), while
other types (models) cannot be used beyond the
rated upper limit temperature. Be sure to confirm the
type of capacitors before using, and when using
beyond the rated upper limit temperature, be sure to
reduce the voltage and make sure the capacitor
surface temperature is within the usable upper limit
temperature as below. When using at high frequency,
however, since the capacitor itself has its own
temperature rise, and hence the following derating
ratio cannot be applied.
1.1 Rated voltage (Note 1)
●The rated voltage refers to the maximum voltage that
can be applied continuously within the category
temperature range. If used beyond the rating, it may
induce insulation breakdown of the film and cause
short circuit. The product lifetime abut the maximum
rated condition depends on the kind of the capacitor.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
＜Rated upper limit temperature, Upper category temperature, and derating ratio of upper category temperature by
types in DC use＞（Example）
Rated voltage by the
Upper category
temperature beyond
Rated upper
temperature
Type
limit
Rated upper limit
Dielectric
(Usable upper
temperature
temperature
limit temperature)
(derating ratio)
ECQE(F)
Polyester(PET)
ECQE(B)
85℃
105℃
1.25%/℃
ECQE(T)
ECWF(A) rated voltage DC250V
ECWF(L)
No need derating of
105℃
105℃
ECWH(A)
rated voltage
ECWH(C)
ECWF(A) rated voltage DC450V
Polypropylene (PP)
ECWF(A) rated voltage DC630V
85℃
105℃
1.25%/℃
ECWH(V)
ECWFE
ECWFD
85℃
110℃
0.62%/℃
No need derating of
ECWU(X)
105℃
105℃
rated voltage
polyethylene naphthalate
ECWU(C)
85℃
125℃
1.25%/℃
(PEN)
No need derating of
ECWU(V16)
85℃
85℃
rated voltage
ECHU(X) rated voltage DC16V
No need derating of
ECHU(X) rated voltage DC50V
125℃
125℃
rated voltage
（capacitance 0.0001μF～0.10μF）
polyphenylene sulfide
ECHU(X) rated voltage DC50V
(PPS)
105℃
125℃
1.25%/℃
（capacitance 0.12μF～0.22μF）
No need derating of
ECHU(C)
105℃
105℃
rated voltage
No need derating of
Acrylic resin
ECPU(A)
85℃
85℃
rated voltage
・The AC rated voltage items are unnecessary for voltage derating by the temperature.
Rated upper limit temperature : The upper limit temperature which can't reduce the voltage and can use continuously.
(including own temperature rise)
Upper category temperature : The upper limit temperature which can reduce the voltage and use continuously.
(including own temperature rise)
Percentage to the rated. Volt
●（Example）Derating of rated voltage to operating temperature. Rated upper limit temperature 85℃, Upper category temperature
105℃, Derating of rated voltage to which is 1.25 %/℃ at more than 85 ℃
Cap. Surface Temp.(℃)
Cap. Surface Temp(℃)
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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1.3 Permissible voltage (R.M.S) in current corresponding to
DC Rated Voltage
●A noise suppression capacitor ( AC rated voltage)
should be used at the primay side power supplies.
The design which premised on use by 50Hz or 60Hz
sine wave.
●In case of applying voltage in alternating current (50Hz
or 60Hz sine wave) to a capacitor, permissible
voltage(R.M.S).
The capacitor of DC rating should not be used at the
primary side power supplies.
Caution about Safety in Use
＜Derating example of operating voltage＞
Capacitor used : ECWF2154JA
(250 VDC, 0.15 μF)
Operating frequency : 40kHz (sine wave)
Permissible current (entry the value from
specification) : 40kHz, 2.0Arms
Maximum operating voltage : 60Hz, 125Vrms,
40kHz, 53Vrms
Ｉ
2.0
Ｖ=2πfC=2×3.14×40×10 ×0.15×10 =53Vrms
3
1.4 Derating of rated voltage when using at high frequency
When using at high frequency, there is a risk of thermal
runaway (smoke, fire) due to self heat generation in the
capacitor. Derate the operating voltage according to
the example below.
For use at high frequency, we recommend
ECHU(X)/(C), ECWF(A)/(L), and ECWH(A)/(C)/(V)
types.
Notes
(1) Use the peak value (Vo-p) of the Pulse voltage
applied between the both terminals of the capacitor
within the DC rated voltage.
(2) When using at high frequency, it may lead to
breakdown due to withstand voltage deterioration
by self heat generation. Therefore, measure the self
heating temperature rise value of the capacitor, and
make sure it is within the specified.
2. Permitted current
Caution!
Film capacitors are low in internal impedance,
and hence a very large current may flow
depending on the circuit. In particular, when
turning power switch on and off, make sure a
very high pulse current may flow.
When a current exceeding the permissible
range flows into capacitor, this can cause the
capacitance value to deteriorate or an open
circuit condition, temperature rise occurs due
to self heat generation, this cause can
deterioration of withstand voltage and result in
short circuit, possibly leading to smoke or fire.
In the application, make sure current is within
permissible current or self heating temperature
is within permissible self heating temperature
rise limit shown on each delivery specifications.
2.1 Permissible current
The permissible current must be considered by
dividing into pulse current (peak current) and
continuous current (rms current) depending on
the breakdown mode, and when using,
therefore, make sure the both currents are
within the permissible values.
-6
Therefore, the operating voltage at sine wave 40
kHz is lower than to 53 V rms (derating ratio 58%),
as compared with AC permitted voltage of
125Vrms at commercial frequency.
(It is necessary to derate until the self heating
temperature rise of the capacitor is below the
specified value.)
(3) Protection for safety should be required in the
case of the voltage over the rated voltage
(permitted voltage) may be applied to the capacitor
due to abnormal action such as trouble elsewhere
in the circuit.
2.2 Permissible current to operating frequency
The film capacitor varies in the frequency
characteristic of the dissipation factor (tanδ)
depending on the dissipation factor, and hence
the permissible rms current for operating
frequency differs depending on the capacitor
type. In particular, when operating at high
frequency, the dissipation factor (tanδ)
increases, and when using over the permissible
current, it may include the thermal runaway,
possibly leading to smoke or fire. Shown below
are typical examples of permissible current by
frequency (rms value) of the ECQE(F) type
using polyester film and ECWF(A) type using
polypropylene film. For detail inquire us by
presenting the operating conditions, or make
sure the own temperature rise of the capacitor
and the capacitor surface temperature are
within the permissible range in the worst
operating conditions.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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for technical consultation without fail.
May 2015
Panasonic
Caution about Safety in Use
actual use, inquire us for detail by measuring the
voltage and current waveforms, ambient
temper ature, and o wn t emper ature rise.
2.3 The capacitance and the permissible currents
The permissible rms current varies with the
capacitance value. The permissible current (rms)
values by the frequencies and by the capacitance
of representative types are shown below. In
Type : ECQE(F) (Polyester)
Type : ECWF (A) (Polypropylene)
Rated Voltage : 250 VDC ⇒ 150 Vrms 60Hz (at sine wave)
Operating temp. : - 40 ℃ to 85 ℃ (Cap. surface)
Rated Voltage : 250 VDC ⇒ 125 Vrms 60Hz (at sine wave)
Operating temp. : - 25 ℃ to 85 ℃ (Cap. surface)
8.0
5.0
7.5
4.5
7.0
10.0μF
3.5
3.0
4.7μF
2.5
2.2μF
2.0
1.0μF
1.5
1.0
0.47μF
0.22μF
0.5
0.10μF
0.047μF
0.022μF
0.010μF
0.0
10
50
100
Permissible Current（Arms）
Permissible Current（Arms）
4.7μF
3.3μF
6.5
4.0
6.0
5.5
5.0
2.2μF
1.5μF
4.5
1.0μF
4.0
0.68μF
0.47μF
0.33μF
0.22μF
3.5
3.0
(Note)
The graphs illustrated are for
reference only. Waveform of
current and temperature rise of
capacitor are key factors to
determine permissible current. For
actual application, consult our
sales representative or sales office.
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
10
Frequency （ｋHz）
2.4 Permissible current to pulse current
●When used in switching circuits or snubber circuits a
momentary high current pulse may cause local heat
generation. This causing the capacitance value to
deteriorate or an open circuit condition.
Local heat generation may also induce smoke or fire.
The pulse permissible current (10000 times) is
obtained by the product of dV/dt (V/μs) value that is
entering to the specification and capacitance (μF).
●The dV/dt (V/μs) value of a film capacitor is determined
by the element structure, and in the metalized type, in
particular, the internal evaporated electrode and external
takeout electrode are connected by metalized contact
(metal spraying), and hence due caution is needed
because the upper limit of dV/dt value is low.
●The dV/dt values corresponding to rated voltage and
capacitance value of representative types are shown in
page 6. When used in a high current pulse circuit, check
the pulse permissible current (Ao-p).
●Please contact with us, If pulses are applied more
than 10,000 times.
50
100
Frequency （ｋHz）
<How to determine pulse permissible current>
●When voltage V(V) is applied to capacitor C (F for
farad), the electric charge Q(C) is expressed in
formula ①.
Q=C.V ...............①
●The charging current I(A)flow in the capacitor at
this time is expressed in formula ②.
I=dQ/dt ...............②
●Differentiating both sides of formula ① by time t
and putting into formula ② yields formula ③.
dQ/dt=C.dV/dt
I=C.dV/dt ............③
Therefore, the pulse current is determined as the
product of the capacitance value C (μF) and
voltage change dV/dt per μs.
(Example) In the case of ECQE4224KF
(permissible dV/dt)
Rated voltage : 400VDC,
Capacitance : 0.22μF,
permissible dV/dt value : 37
pulse permissible current : 0.22 (μF)×37≒8 Ao-p
(however, number of repetitions is 10,000 times or
less), that is, momentary pulse current can be used
up to 8 Ao-p.
Make sure the rms current is within the permissible
value.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
[ECQE (F) Permissible dV/dt value <within 10,000pulses>]
Type
(Cap. :μ F)
103 (0.010)
123 (0.012）
153 (0.015)
183 (0.018)
223 (0.022)
273 (0.027)
333 (0.033)
393 (0.039)
473 (0.047)
563 (0.056)
683 (0.068)
823 (0.082)
104 (0.10）
124 (0.12)
154 (0.15)
184 (0.18)
224 (0.22)
274 (0.27)
334 (0.33)
394 (0.39)
474 (0.47)
564 (0.56)
684 (0.68)
824 (0.82)
105 （1.O）
125 （1.2）
155 （1.5）
185 (1.8)
225 (2.2)
275 (2.7)
335 (3.3)
395 (3.9)
475 (4.7)
565 (5.6)
685 (6.8)
825 (8.2)
106 (10.0)
ECQE(F)
100VDC
ECQE(F)
250VDC
ECQE(F)
400VDC
ECQE(F)
630VDC
Unit：V/μs
131
273
48
*(7.5P)
*(10.0P)
78
*(10.0P)
*(7.5P)
37
33
116
*(15.0P)
*(10.0P)
*(15.0P)
22
63 *(22.5P)
18
22
*(10.0P)
*(22.5P)
48
*(15.0P)
11
Caution!
Protective means for safety
should be provided in case the
pulse and rms current may
exceed the permissible values
due to abnormal action such
trouble elsewhere in the
circuit.
18
*(27.5P)
10
*(27.5P)
*(15.0P)
*(22.5P)
6
8
*(22.5P)
*(27.5P)
* Asterisk denotes the lead pitch.
The value of dV/dt is mainly determined by the lead spacing (element width) and element sectional area.
3. Operating temperature
Caution!
3.1 Own temperature rise
When the film capacitor is used in an AC circuit,
especially in high frequency application, the
capacitor generates heat by itself from the flow of
current. If the self heat generation is large, the
capacitor may deteriorate, and smoke or fire may be
occur. Check the self heating temperature rise value
in actual conditions of use, and use within the limit
specified.
Measure the own temperature rise value in indoor,
wind-free condition.
*The details of self heating temperature rise value are
described in the specification. (Please contact us
details as the specifies value varies by each type.)
3.2 Operating temperature range
The operating temperature range of the film capacitors
varies with the dielectric material (kind of films), and
the usable temperature range is specified in the each
model.
It must be noted, however, that the temperature range
mentioned in the catalogue is the surface temperature
of the film capacitor, not the ambient temperature of
the capacitor.
In actual use, make sure the sum of the ambient
temperature +capacitor’s self heating temperature rise
value (within specified value), that is, the capacitor
surface temperature should be within the rated
operating temperature.
Caution!
When used above the specified operating temperature,
dissipation factor (tanδ) increase, and the self heat
generation may exceed the permissible value, possibly
causing deterioration of dielectric film, short circuit, and
smoke or fire.
If there is cooling plate of other part or any resistance
heated to high temperature near the film capacitor, the
capacitor may be locally heated by the radiation heat,
exceeding the operating temperature range, and
smoke or fire may be caused.
Check the capacitor surface temperature at the heat
source side.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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for technical consultation without fail.
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Panasonic
Caution about Safety in Use
4. Other cautions
4.1 Capacitor for prevention of AC power supply
(across the line) noise
●When using a capacitor across the line as means
for prevention of noise, not only is the supply voltage
is always applied, but also abnormal surge such as
lightning is applied, which may lead to smoke or fire.
Therefore, the across-the-line capacitors are strictly
regulated in safety standard in each nation, and it is
necessary to use the product conforming to the
standard.
For using across the line in Japan, use the following
models or the above overseas authorized ones.
ECQE(F) 1000VDC (125VAC) rating
ECQE(F) 1250VDC (125VAC) rating
ECQE(F)/(B)/(T) 125VAC (1A) rating
ECQE(F)/(T)
250VAC (2A) rating
Cap. Rated Voltage
However, when using the ECQE(F)1A/2A,
ECQE(B)1A ,
ECQE(T)1A/2A rating model as across-the-line
capacitor, at least one of the following conditions
must be satisfied.
1. A varistor with the voltage of the value or less
shown in the following table should be connected
to the capacitor in parallel.
2. A pulse voltage more than the value shown in the
table below should not be applied across the
capacitor.
(Note) When using together with varistor, check the
varistor specification, and select the one free from
surge deterioration
Varistor Voltage
Pulse Voltage
125VAC (1A)
250 V
250 Vo-p
250VAC（2A）
470 V
630 Vo-p
When Safety standard approval capacitor is used for necessary equipment, please use items of the following table.
＜Representative examples of models authorized in major safety standards in the world＞
Shape
Type
Standard
Plastic case type
ECQUA
UL 60384-14(USA), CSA E60384-14(Canada), EN 60384-14(Europe)
〃
ECQUL
UL 60384-14(USA), CSA E60384-14(Canada), EN 60384-14(Europe)
〃
ECQUG
UL 60384-14(USA), CSA E60384-14(Canada), EN 60384-14(Europe)
*Please contact us about CQC(China).
●In the case of the voltage dropper usage, when an
abnormal voltage of the surge voltage etc. is applied
the capacitance decrease is caused, such as the fuse
function in the capacitor operates.
4.2 Flame retardation
●The dielectric film is not a flame retardant material.
●In the ECQE , ECWF, and ECWH types, flame retardant
epoxy resin (94V-0) is used in the coating resin.
4.3 Environments of use
4.3.1 When used in humid environments
When used for a long period in humid environments,
the elements absorb moisture through the coating with
the passing of the time. The water oxidizes the
electrode (evaporated film and metalized contact), and
leads to trouble. Also, make sure the capacitance value
can be very large depending on type of the capacitor.
4.3.2 When using in high temperature environment
When ECQUG is used in high temperature
environment (more than 70℃), it may be possible to
cause leaking oil from the capacitor. However, the
quality and reliability of the capacitor is not affected
by the leaking oil. But, please don't use the part which
may cause a point of tact obstacle by oil and this
condenser by a same set.
In the worst case, the capacitor does not work as voltage
dropper. So, please notice an abnormal voltage. At that
time, high voltage may be applied to the load side.
Therefore, please provide protective means for safety.
4.3.3 Cautions on gas atmosphere
When using in the oxidizing gas such as hydrogen
chloride, hydrogen sulfide and sulfurous acid, the
evaporated electrode (Aluminum) or metalized contact
(zinc compound) may be oxidized, may result in smoke
or fire. Avoid such atmosphere.
4.3.4 When using by resin coating
When using resin coating or resin potting components to
improve humidity resistance or gas resistance, or to fix
parts in place. Please contact with us.
●The solvent or the constituent in the resin may permeate
into the metalized contact or electrode (aluminum foil or
evaporated film) to deteriorate characteristics.
●When hardening the resin, chemical reaction heat
(curing heat generation) occurs, which may adversely
affect the capacitor.
●In the case of the lead type capacitors, be sure to test
and evaluate enough for the thermal stress to the
capacitor.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
7
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for technical consultation without fail.
May 2015
Panasonic
Caution about Safety in Use
■Cautions for Mounting
1. Soldering of lead type
The heat resisting temperature of the film capacitor
varies with the type of dielectric film, structure of the
capacitor, manufacturing method, etc.
When mounting, set the mounting temperature so
that the capacitor inside (element) temperature is
be lower than the mounting heat resisting
temperature given below.
If the capacitors go through the high temperature both
after soldering , be sure to check the temperature till
decreasing.
Thermocouple（φ0.1）
（Measuring point B：Capacitor inside(Element)
Capacitor
Metal spray layer
Thermocouple（φ0.1）
（Measuring point A：Capacitor inside
(Metal spray layer))
Dielectric
Polypropylene
Mounting heat resisting temperature
Type
Measuring pointＡ
ECWF(L) 400V 0.022μF～0.11μF，630V 0.01μF～0.043μF
ECWFD, ECWF(A)
ECWF(L) 400V 0.12μF～2.4μF，630V 0.047μF～1.3μF
ECWH(A) ECWH(V)
ECWH(C)
ECQUA
ECQE(F)
ECQE(B), ECQE(T)，ECQUL，ECQUG
Measuring pointＢ
135℃
125℃
145℃
135℃
140℃
125℃
―
160℃
125℃
125℃
125℃
―
120℃
―
<Cautions for mounting>
Solder within the following temperature condition range. (Dipping times is within twice, the second dipping should be
carried after the capacitor itself has returned to the normal temeprerature)(Example)
Notice:
The soldering condition shows one example. The
temperature of the capacitors depend on several
parameters for example soldering machine size , machine
structure, temperature control method, etc..
Should measure the temperature of the capacitors and
confirm the temperature under the above table.
Conditions
P. W. Board
●The film capacitor has lower mounting heat resisting
temperature than other capacitors, therefore the
following cautions are needed.
Avoid passing through an adhesive curing oven. After
adhesive curing, the capacitor should be inserted in
the P.W. board and solder. (When passing an adhesive
curing oven, breakage of coating resin or deterioration
in capacitor characteristic may be caused.)
Thickness
t= 0.8mm or more
Pre-heating
Measurement temperature 120 ℃ within 1
minute
(Back side of the P. W. Board around the
capacitor)
Capacitor
Raised from P,W. board (Crimped lead)
● Avoid reflow soldering. (When use in reflow
soldering, breakage of coating resin or
deterioration in capacitor characteristic may be
caused.)
●When using in multilayer Printed wiring board, or
in the case of a capacitor with a copper lead wire,
please contact with us. (In the case of copper lead
wire, the thermal conductivity of the copper wire is
high, and the internal temperature of the capacitor
rises rapidly and may exceed the mounting heat
resisting temperature.)
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
・Caution in the case of a capacitor is laid down sideways
for soldering.
Connection of the dielectric film and the metallic
contact part may become unstable by heat contraction
of a dielectric film, in case capacitor received to
excessive heat damage for soldering. When current is
sent by the capacitor with an unstable metallic contact
part, the capacitor may cause with failure mode
(capacitance decrease, open circuit, etc). In case of
soldering laid down sideways,
the temperature of
thermocouple B shall be less than 125℃.
Capacitor
Thermocouple
the part of measuring
2. Soldering of chip type
Although there are specific restrictive conditions for the
chip type film capacitor, please check and consider the
following items in order to guarantee soldering quality.
Please consult us when using part adhesive for
mounting because there is a possibility that type of
adhesive affects the characteristic and the reliability of
capacitor.
P.W. Board
2.1 Printed wiring board
2.1.1 Selection of printed wiring board
The chip parts are directly mounted on the printed
wiring board without using lead wires, and therefore
thermal expansion of the printed wiring board may
affect the characteristic of the film chip capacitor,
and hence the following cautions should be
observed.
<Remarks for selecting the printed wiring board>
Item
Coefficient of
thermal expansion
of printed wiring
board
Type of Printed
wiring board
Item
Coefficient of thermal
expansion
-6
（×10 /℃）
Point of notice
If there is a large difference in coefficient of thermal
expansion between the capacitor and Printed wiring board, a
mechanical stress is applied due to temperature changes
after mounting, and the element main body may be changed,
the soldered area may be cracked, and the performance
may be lowered. Check sufficiently beforehand.
*In particular, consult us if you are using ceramic Printed
wiring boards.
Chip film capacitor
ECHU(X)/(C) ECWU(X)/(C)
(PPS film)
(PEN film)
22
Resin Printed wiring board
ECPU(A)
(Plastic film)
Paper
phenol
Paper
epoxy
Glass
epoxy
70
1 - 30
1 - 15
1 - 25
10
2.1.2 Parts layout on Printed wiring board
Film chip capacitors, unlike the leaded type film
capacitors do not have coating.
Retaliated heat from a near by heated components may
cause the temperature to exceed the usable temperature
range.
●Without coating, if there is an exposed live part in the
vicinity, a short circuit may be formed through
the capacitor. Consider the arrangement.
Ceramic Printed
wiring board
Alumina
7-8
2.1.3 Land dimension design
If the land area is wide, tombstone phenomenon
(chip rising) is likely to occur in relation to the
solder amount.
It is disadvantageous for keeping the mount
clearance of the mounting machine, but it is
advised to design in the recommended land
dimension shown each specifications.
2.2 Flow soldering
In flow soldering, the chip capacitor is soaked in
molten solder. Film capacitor has lower heat
resisting temperature than other capacitors,
therefore cannot be used in flow soldering.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
2.3 Reflow soldering
Reflow soldering is a method of soldering by
printing a proper amount of cream solder on the
mounting land of the surface mount Printed Wiring
Board, putting a film chip capacitor thereon heating,
and fusing the cream solder to fix.
2.3.1 Reflow soldering conditions
Perform reflow soldering within the following
temperature profile.
(Soldering is within twice, the second dip should be carried after the capacitor itself has returned to normal temperature.)
Method
Recommendable condition
Note
External temperature of P. W.
Board
will
be
different
according to P. W. Board
Soldering
materials
and
soldering
method.
Temp. on
Pre-heating
For temperature measuring we
Reflow soldering
element
recommend glass epoxy P. W.
surface(℃)
60～120s
Board (115 mm × 50 mm, 0.8
t) as standard.
Times(s)
＊When performing reflow soldering, an appropriate coating thickness of cream solder is 0.10 mm to 0.15 mm.
2.3.2 Cautions for reflow soldering
●The film chip capacitor has no coating on the capacitor
element, and the internal evaporated electrode may be
deteriorated due to activating agent (halogen, etc.) in the
cream solder, and the capacitance value may be
decrease, dissipation factor (tan δ) may increase, or
the characteristic may be deteriorated.
Use cream solder with halogen content or 0.1 wt,% or
less.
Type
ECHU(X)/(C)
ECWU(X)/(C)
ECPU(A)
●When washing right after soldering, make sure
the capacitor surface temperature is lower than
60 ℃.
● The maximum temperature reached on the
element surface in reflow is as follows. If a higher
temperature is applied, abnormality may occur
on the appearance or electrical characteristics.
Max. temperature on element surface
If exceeding the specified temperature, it must be noted
that the reliability of the part cannot be guaranteed.
The moisture-proof packaging is made ECWU and ECPU.
When that’s opened, a capacitor absorbs moisture, and
soldering heat-resistance falls to a low level. Please
confirm the notice after opening. The notice in detail has
decided on Approval Specification.
2.4 When using soldering iron
With a soldering iron, high temperature is directly applied
to the film chip capacitor. Abide by the following soldering
iron conditions, and strictly control the iron tip
temperature
2.4.1 Soldering conditions when using soldering iron.
Observe the following cautions, and use within the
soldering conditions next page.
260 ℃
250 ℃
240 ℃
2.4.2 Cautions for use of soldering iron
●Be careful that the soldering irons do not directly
touch the main body of the chip film capacitor. In
particular, don’t touch the side (cut section). If
touched by the heated soldering iron, lowering of
insulation resistance, shortcircuit or other
characteristic deterioration may occur.
●Preheat the printed wining board land sufficiently
with the soldering iron, and then solder. Solder
without directly touching the iron tip to the electrode
of the capacitor.
●Don’t reuse the products once removed by the
soldering irons.
●Should not mount the chip film capacitors in the
mass production by soldering iron. (The
temperature control is difficult, and the
characteristics may be deteriorated.)
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
2.5 Other soldering
Should not resolder with heat directly from bottom side of P.
W. Board. because capacitor will likely be damaged
＊Soldering conditions when using soldering iron.
ECHU(X)/(C)
260 ℃ max.-4s max.
280 ℃ max.-4s max.
Iron tip temperature (℃)
ECPU(A)
Iron tip temperature (℃)
Iron tip temperature (℃)
Conditions for use of soldering iron
270 ℃ max.-4s max.
ECWU(X)/(C)
Soldering time (sec)
Soldering time (sec)
Soldering time (sec)
Standard range
Standard range
Standard range
Soldering iron capacity : 30 W
3. Washing the mounted boards
3.1. Washing of chip type
●Since the chip type capacitor does not have a coating,
components of flux or detergent left over on the
element at the time of washing may be activated and
invade into the inside of the capacitor, and adverse
effects may be caused. Observe the following
cautions.
●In the case of washing, use flux and cream solder
with halogen content of 0.1wt.% or less when
mounting.
<CFC substiture detergent>
As a result of regulation of CFC and chlorine derivative
detergents, many substitute detergents come to be
used, but the performance of the chip type capacitor
may be reduced depending on the type of detergent or
washing condition. Check sufficiently beforehand.
Consult us in advance if planning to use CFC substitute
detergent.
●In the case of ultrasonic washing, note that peeling of
protective film, electrode separation due to resonance,
or characteristic deterioration may occur depending on
the detergent used or ultrasonic output. Check carefully
beforehand.
●When using a CFC substitute detergent, with the
washing method of spraying detergent (rinsing water)
to the substrate at high pressure, the protective film
on the element surface may be peeled off due to the
water pressure. Check carefully beforehand.
〈Drying after washing>
Dry after washing so that the detergent is not left over.
If drying is insufficient, the detergent is left over on
the element surface, and the insulation resistance is
measured to be lowered. Dry enough so as not to
leave detergent.
＜Usable detergent and washing method＞
(Usable detergent）
Classification
Alcohol derivative
Detergent name
IPA (isopropyl alcohol)
Maker
(Reagent for general industrial use)
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Panasonic
Caution about Safety in Use
(Washing method)
Condition
Item
Temperature
Tine
Immersion washing
50 ℃
Within 5 minutes
Steam washing
50 ℃
Within 5 minutes
Ultrasonic washing
50 ℃
Within 5 minutes
3.2. Washing of leaded type
The film capacitor varies significantly in the effect
of washing depending on the structure and
material, and generally it is less affected by CFC
or alcohol derivative washing solvent, and is likely
to be affected by highly polar solvent.
The lead type film capacitor is coated with an
epoxy resin excellent in chemical resistance, and
is hardly affected by detergent, but it is
recommended to be washed for short duration.
Applicability of detergents in film capacitors is
listed for reference.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
＜List of applicability of detergents＞
Box type
Chip type
Lead type
ECQUA
ECQUL
ECQUG
Ethanol
Ultrasonic washing or immersion washing for 5 min
○
○
○
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA)
Ultrasonic washing or immersion washing for 5 min
○
○
○
FRW-17 Ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60 ℃
⇒FRW-1N Ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60 ℃
⇒FRW-100 Steam drying for 1 min, 100 ℃
○
○
○
Asahi Clean AK-225AES
Ultrasonic washing or immersion washing for 5 min
○
○
○
HCFC141b-MS
Ultrasonic washing or immersion washing for 5 min
○
○
○
P3 Cold Cleaner 225S
Ultrasonic washing for 5 min 60 ℃ ⇒ IPA ultrasonic rinsing for 5 min
at ordinary temperature ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 40 ℃
○
○
○
Toluene
Ultrasonic washing or immersion washing for 5 min
×
○
○
Terpene Cleaner EC-7
Spray washing for 5 min at ordinary temperature ⇒ purified water
spraying for 5 min, 50℃ ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 80℃
×
○
○
Ultrasonic washing for 5 min 60 ℃ ⇒
wind-free drying for 5 min, 85 ℃
×
○
○
Clean Through 750H
Ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ purified water ultrasonic
washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 85 ℃
×
○
○
Clean Through 750L
Ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ purified water ultrasonic
washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 85 ℃
×
○
―
Clean Through 710M
Ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60℃ ⇒ purified water ultrasonic
washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 85 ℃
×
○
―
Clean Through LC-841
Ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ purified water ultrasonic
washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 85 ℃
×
○
○
Pine Alpha ST-100S
Ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ purified water ultrasonic
washing for 5 min, 60℃ ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 85 ℃
×
○
○
Aqua Cleaner 210SET
Shower washing for 1 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ purified water
ultrasonic washing for 5 min, 60 ℃ ⇒ hot air drying for 5 min, 85 ℃
×
○
○
Washing condition
Alcohol
Solvent
Silicon
Halogen
Petroleum
hydrocarbon
Terpene
Water
Purified water
Surface active
agent
○ : Washing enabled
Wash-fre
e
＜Wash-free flux＞
Low residue
flux
Inactivated flux
× : Washing disabled
― : Not confirmed
ULF-500VS
○
○
○
AM-173
○
○
○
Washing disabled (x mark) detergent should be avoided because the appearance may be impaired, the
characteristic may be deteriorated, and the reliability cannot be guaranteed
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
4.Temperature measuring in soldering of film capacitor
When using film capacitor of low heat resisting
temperature in mounting or chip type, measure the
element temperature profile in mounting in the
following manner, and make sure the soldering is done
below the heat resisting temperature.
<Measurement of temperature profile>
As shown below, connect a thermocouple (3 - 4 )m of
same type as the thermocouple attached to the
capacitor, to the thermocouple of the capacitor as
shown below. Mount the sample on the mounting
printed wiring board, and pass into the soldering and
mounting
process,
and
measure
the
temperature profile
4.1 Lead type
<Preparation of measuring sample>
Open a hole of about Φ0.3 mm to 0.8 mm in the
top of the capacitor to the middle of the element, and
insert thermocouple ( Φ 0.1T wire), and fix with
adhesive.
Thermocouple
Capacitor
(Fine wire)
Φ0.1
(Measurement instrument)
(3 - 4 ) m
Printing wiring board
4.2. Chip type
<Preparation of measuring sample>
Fix thermo couple (Φ0.1 T wire) to the top of the capacitor
with adhesive.
<Measurement of temperature profile>
As shown below, connect a thermocouple (3 - 4 )m of same
type as the thermocouple to the capacitor, to the
thermocouple of the capacitor as shown below. Mount the
sample on the mounting printed wiring board, and pass into
the soldering and mounting process, and measure the
temperature profile.
Adhesive
(Measurement instrument)
Thermocouple
(3 - 4 ) m
Capacitor
■Other Cautions
1. Changes in capacitance value over time
●The capacitor characteristics change characteristic
depending on its ambient conditions and environmental
conditions. In natural conditions, there is a certain
capacitance change due to the humidity of the
circumstance. The degree of such capacitance changes
varies with the dielectric material, coating material, and
structure.
Therefore, we ship considering these changes, but we only
guarantee capacitance value until delivery (without each
arrangements.)
●For use in a circuit where time constant and capacitance
precision are required, use the products of polypropylene
film ECWFD/(A)/(L) , ECWH(A) or film ECHU(X)/(C) which
vary less with time.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
2. Hum (Buzz)
●Hum produced by capacitors due to mechanical
vibration of the film is caused by the coulomb force
which exists between electrodes of opposite polarity.
A louder hum is produced when applied voltage
waveform has distortion, and/or higher frequency
component, etc. Although Hum does not spoil
characteristics of capacitors, when being used
around the audio frequency, please check it.
5.2 When connecting multiple film capacitors in parallel in
withstand voltage test or life test, connect
a resistance of 20 to 1000 Ω/V or more in series to
each capacitor.
3. Storing method, storing conditions
3.1 It must be noted that the solderbility of the external
electrode may deteriorated when stored in an
atmosphere filled with moisture, dust, or a reactive
oxidizing gas (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide,
sulfuric acid).
5.4 If the capacitor is dropped by mistake, its
characteristics may be damaged. Don’t use such a
capacitor. (If reusing, check the quality sufficiently.)
3.2 Should not location with particularly high temperature
and high humidity, and store in conditions not
exceeding 35 ℃ and 85 % RH.
3.3 When it is kept for a long term, the solderbility of the
external electrode may deteriorate for oxidation of
electrode surface.So our recommend keeping-period
is within 6month. Further, it's different in the condition
depending on the items, so please inquire for details.
4.Usage condition
4.1 When used in high humidity for a long period,
characteristic deterioration as low insulation resistance
and oxidized electrode may occur due to the humidity
absorbed. Please consult us when used in high
humidity.
4.2
When using in a corrosive gas (such as hydrogen
chloride, hydrogen sulfide,sulfurous acid and
Ammonia), the characteristic may be deterioration.
Please don't use at such conditions.
4.3 When using in the following conditions, the
characteristic may be deterioration. Please don't use at
such conditions.
・the place that took water or oil,
・the place that exposed to the direct sunlight,
・the place that radiated ozone, ultraviolet rays and
radiation rays.
4.4 Please consider so that dust doesn't collect. That will
be the cause of the characteristic deterioration (short
circuit, etc.).
5. Handling Pre cautions
5.1 Sudden charging or discharging may cause
deterioration of capacitor such as shorting and
opening due to charging or discharging current.
When charging or discharging, pass through a
resistance of 20 to 1000 Ω/V or more.
5.3 Be careful not to scratch the capacitor surface with
sharp edges (such as screwdriver, soldering iron,
pincers, chassis). Don’t apply excessive load to the
lead wire (at the time of re-processing of lead wire, etc.).
5.5 In the case of leaded type capacitor, be careful not to
apply excessive force to the lead wire root area, which
may cause cracking or separation in the coating resin
near the root area.
5.6. No dust or water should be permitted to remain on
the surface of capacitor terminals as this may cause
electrical leakage or corrosion.
5.7. When used for noise suppression between lines and
between line to earth when voltage is more than 30VAC
and more than 45VDC, covering peripheral resin part by
flame retardant material or flame retardant case (for
avoiding fire) is recommended.
5.8. Chip type capacitor is developed assuming normal use
of surface mounting parts. Abnormal use (ex: piling up
two capacitors, mounting capacitor in upright position,
etc.) should not be permitted. Please consult us in
advance if used in different way from normal.
6. Additional Points
●The precautions in using film capacitors follow the
JEITA RCR-2350 D “Safety Application Guide for fixd
plastic film capacitors for use in electronic equipment”.
Please refer to the above guideline.
● Product specifications, materials and other points
mentioned in the catalog may be changed without
notification.
● For further information regarding usage conditions,
please contact the following department :
Engineering Department
Toyama・Matsue Plant
Device Solutions Business Division
Panasonic Corporation
369 Nogifukutomi, Matsue, Shimane. 690-8527 Japan
Tel : (81) 852--32-2252
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
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Caution about Safety in Use
(Note 1) Rated voltage
The maximum voltage that can be applied continuously in
spite of temperature is called as the rated voltage in our
company. It's different from the standards of JIS and IEC.
* Definition of our company
The maximum voltage that can be applied continuously
within the category temperature range.
Even when needing derating voltage at high temperature,
the voltage after derating is called the rated voltage.
Therefore the maximum voltage that can be applied
continuously at upper category temperature is being also
called the rated voltage.
*Definition of JIS and IEC
The maximum voltage that can be applied continuously in
the reach of the rated temperature from lower category
temperature.
The maximum voltage that can be applied continuously at
upper category temperature is called the category voltage.
There is something to which voltage derating is necessary
in the reach of the upper category temperature from rated
temperature, and it's called the temperature derated
voltage.
Design，Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
16
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for technical consultation without fail.
May 2015