Design Example Report Title 9 W High Efficiency (90%) Power Factor Corrected (>0.9) Non-Dimmable Non-Isolated Buck A19 Lamp Replacement LED Driver Using LinkSwitchTM-PL LNK457DG Specification 195 VAC – 265 VAC Input; 60 V (Typical), 150 mA Output Application A19 LED Driver Author Applications Engineering Department Document Number DER-388 Date December 5, 2013 Revision 1.0 Summary and Features Single-stage, power factor corrected and accurate constant current (CC) output Low cost, low component count and small PCB footprint solution Highly energy efficient, >90% at 220 VAC input Fast start-up time (<50 ms) – no perceptible delay Integrated protection and reliability features One shot no-load protection Hard short-circuit protected Auto-recovering thermal shutdown No damage during line brown-out or brown-in conditions PF >0.9 at 230 VAC ATHD <25% at 230 VAC Meets IEC 2.5 kV ring wave, 500 V differential line surge and EN55015 conducted EMI PATENT INFORMATION The products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations' patents may be found at www.powerint.com. Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at <http://www.powerint.com/ip.htm>. Power Integrations 5245 Hellyer Avenue, San Jose, CA 95138 USA. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3 Power Supply Specifications ...................................................................................... 4 Schematic ................................................................................................................... 5 Circuit Description ...................................................................................................... 6 4.1 Input Stage .......................................................................................................... 6 4.2 Buck Topology Using LinkSwitch-PL Devices ..................................................... 6 4.3 Output Feedback ................................................................................................. 6 4.4 Disconnected Load Protection............................................................................. 6 4.5 Overload and Short-Circuit Protection ................................................................. 7 5 PCB Layout and Outline ............................................................................................. 8 6 Populated PCB ........................................................................................................... 9 7 Bill of Materials ......................................................................................................... 10 8 Transformer Design Spreadsheet............................................................................. 11 9 Performance Data .................................................................................................... 13 9.1 Efficiency ........................................................................................................... 13 9.2 Line Regulation ................................................................................................. 14 9.3 Power Factor ..................................................................................................... 15 9.4 %ATHD ............................................................................................................. 16 9.5 Harmonic Content ............................................................................................. 17 9.6 Harmonic Measurements .................................................................................. 18 9.7 Thermal Performance ........................................................................................ 19 9.8 Thermal Scans .................................................................................................. 19 10 Waveforms ............................................................................................................ 20 10.1 Drain Voltage and Current, Normal Operation................................................... 20 10.2 Drain Voltage and Current Start-up Profile ........................................................ 21 10.3 Output Voltage Start-up Profile.......................................................................... 22 10.4 Input and Output Voltage and Current Profiles .................................................. 23 10.5 Drain Voltage and Current Profile: Normal Operation to Output Short .............. 24 10.6 Drain Voltage and Current Profile: Start-up with Output Shorted ...................... 24 10.7 No-Load Operation ............................................................................................ 25 10.8 AC Cycling......................................................................................................... 26 10.9 Brown-out .......................................................................................................... 27 10.10 Line Surge ..................................................................................................... 28 11 Conducted EMI ..................................................................................................... 29 11.1 Equipment ......................................................................................................... 29 11.2 EMI Test Set-up ................................................................................................ 29 11.3 EMI Test Result ................................................................................................. 30 12 Revision History .................................................................................................... 32 Important Note: Although this board is designed to satisfy safety requirements for non-isolated LED drivers, the engineering prototype has not been agency approved. Therefore, all testing should be performed using an isolation transformer to provide the AC input to the prototype board. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 2 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 1 Introduction This document is an engineering report describing a non-isolated LED driver (power supply) utilizing a LNK457DG from the LinkSwitch-PL family of devices. The DER-388 provides a single 9 W constant current output. The key design goals were high efficiency and small size. This allowed the driver to fit into A19 sized lamps and be as close to a production design as possible. Figure 1 – PCB Assembly. The board was optimized to operate over the high-line AC input voltage range (195 VAC to 265 VAC, 47 Hz to 63 Hz). LinkSwitch-PL IC based designs provide a high power factor (>0.9) meeting current international requirements. The form factor of the board was chosen to meet the requirements for standard A19 LED replacement lamps. The output is non-isolated and requires the mechanical design of the enclosure to isolate the output of the supply and the LED load from the user. The document contains the power supply specification, schematic, bill of materials, transformer documentation, printed circuit board layout, PIXIs spreadsheet and performance data. Page 3 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 2 Power Supply Specifications The table below represents the minimum acceptable performance of the design. Actual performance is listed in the results section. Description Input Voltage Frequency Output Output Voltage Output Current Total Output Power Continuous Output Power Efficiency Nominal Symbol Min Typ Max Units Comment VIN fLINE 195 47 230 50/60 265 63 VAC Hz 2 Wire – no P.E. VOUT IOUT 54 60 150 66 V mA POUT 9 W 90 % At 230 VAC o Measured at POUT 25 C at 220 VAC Environmental Conducted EMI Meets CISPR22B / EN55015 Line Surge Differential Mode (L1-L2) 500 V 1.2/50 s surge, IEC 1000-4-5, Series Impedance: Differential Mode: 2 Ring Wave (100 kHz) Differential Mode (L1-L2) 2.5 kV 2 Short-Circuit Series Impedance Power Factor 0.9 ATHD At 230 VAC 25 Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com % At 230 VAC Page 4 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 3 Schematic Figure 2 – Schematic for 60 V / 150 mA A19 Replacement Lamp. Page 5 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 4 Circuit Description The LinkSwitch-PL (U1) family is highly integrated power ICs intended for use in LED driver applications. The LinkSwitch-PL provides high power factor in a single-stage conversion topology while regulating the output current across the input range (195 VAC to 265 VAC) and output voltage conditions typically encountered in LED driver applications. All of the control circuitry required for these functions plus a high-voltage power MOSFET is incorporated into the IC. 4.1 Input Stage Fuse F1 provides protection against component failure. A relatively high, fast 5 A rating was needed to prevent false opening during line surges. Fuse F1 may be replaced with a fusible resistor (2 W, 3.3 ) for lower cost but could lower efficiency. The maximum input voltage is clamped by RV1 during differential line surges. The AC input is full wave rectified by BR1 for good power factor. Capacitor C1, C2 and differential choke L1 form the EMI filter. Total input filter capacitance is limited to low value to maintain high power factor. This input -filter networks plus the frequency jittering feature of LinkSwitch-PL ensures compliance with Class B emission limits. Resistor R1 damps the resonance of the EMI filter, preventing peaks in the EMI spectrum when measured in a system (driver plus enclosure). Inductor L1 is positioned after the bridge to avoid an imbalance in the EMI scan between line and neutral. This also allows the use of small high-voltage ceramic capacitors in the input filter. 4.2 Buck Topology Using LinkSwitch-PL Devices The buck power train is composed of U1 (power switch + control), D1 (freewheeling diode), C5 (output capacitor), and L2 (inductor). The bypass capacitor C8 provides the internal supply for U1, it is charged via the drain during MOSFET off-time during start-up. 4.3 Output Feedback The output current is sensed by the voltage drop across R2//R3 and then filtered by a low pass filter (R5 and C6). This biases the LinkSwitch-PL operating point such that the average FEEDBACK (FB) pin voltage is maintained at 290 mV in steady-state operation (150 mA output current). Bypass capacitor C4 is used to reduce dissipation across R2//R3 thus increasing efficiency. 4.4 Disconnected Load Protection Simple one shot no-load protection is provided by a Zener (VR1) diode across the output terminals. In case of no-load, the Zener diode will short in order to protect the output capacitor from popping. U1 will be limited by the primary current limit. Note that the Zener diode will need to be replaced once fault is removed. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 6 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 4.5 Overload and Short-Circuit Protection The load is protected against overload and short-circuits via a primary current limit. During short, primary current will build-up until it reaches current limit. Refer to shortcircuit waveforms for more information. Page 7 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 5 PCB Layout and Outline Figure 3 – Printed Circuit Layout, Top. Figure 4 – Printed Circuit Layout, Bottom. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 8 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 6 Populated PCB Figure 5 – Populated Circuit Board, Top. Figure 6 – Populated Circuit Board, Bottom. Page 9 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 7 Bill of Materials Item Qty Ref Des 1 1 BR1 Description 600 V, 0.5 A, Bridge Rectifier, SMD, MBS-1, 4-SOIC Mfg Part Number Manufacturer MB6S-TP Micro Commercial 2 1 C1 47 nF, 630 V, Film MEXPD24704JJ Duratech 3 1 C2 220 nF, 450 V, Film MEXXF32204JJ Duratech 4 1 C3 10 F, 10 V, Ceramic, X7R, 0805 C2012X7R1A106M TDK 5 1 C4 22 F, 16 V, Ceramic, X7R, 0805 C2012X5R1C226K TDK 6 1 C5 68 F, 100 V, Electrolytic, (10 x 16) UHE2A680MPD Nichicon 7 1 C6 2.2 F, 10 V, Ceramic, X7R, 0805 8 1 D1 600 V, 1 A, Ultrafast Recovery, DO-41 9 1 F1 5 A, 250 V, Fast, Microfuse, Axial 10 1 L1 4.7 mH, 0.150 A, 20% C0805C225M8RACTU Kemet STTH1R06RL ST Micro 0263005.MXL Littlefuse RL-5480-3-4700 Renco Elect 11 1 L2 680 H MSS1260-684KLB Coilcraft 12 1 R1 4.7 k, 5%, 1/8 W, Thick Film, 0805 ERJ-6GEYJ472V Panasonic 13 1 R2 3.00 , 1%, 1/4 W, Thick Film, 1206 RC1206FR-073RL Yageo 14 1 R3 20 , 1%, 1/4 W, Metal Film MFR-25FBF-20R0 Yageo 15 1 R5 3.3 k, 5%, 1/10 W, Thick Film, 0603 ERJ-3GEYJ332V Panasonic 16 1 RV1 250 V, 21 J, 7 mm, RADIAL LA V250LA4P Littlefuse 17 1 U1 LinkSwitch-PL, SO-8C LNK457DG Power Integrations 18 1 VR1 91 V, 5%, 1 W, DO-41 1N4763A-TR Vishay Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 10 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 8 Transformer Design Spreadsheet ACDC_LinkSwitchPL-Buck_042413; Rev.1.1; Copyright INPUT Power Integrations 2011 ENTER APPLICATION VARIABLES VACMIN 195 VACTYP 230 VACMAX 254 FL VOMIN 54.00 VO 60.00 VOMAX 66.00 IO 0.15 PO n Dimming Application INFO OUTPUT UNIT 195.00 230.00 254.00 50.00 54.00 60.00 66.00 0.15 9.00 V V V Hz V V V A W 0.91 0.91 No No ENTER LinkSwitch-PL VARIABLES Chosen Device LNK457 ILIMITMIN ILIMITTYP ILIMITMAX TON FSW Duty Cycle IRMS IPK KDP LNK457 0.80 0.91 1.02 2.02 121.33 24.46 0.12 0.75 Info 0.87 ENTER INDUCTOR CORE/CONSTRUCTION VARIABLES Core Type Core Type Custom Custom Core Part Number 0.00 Bobbin part number 0.00 AE 0.00 LE 0.00 AL 0.00 BW INDUCTOR DESIGN PARAMETERS LPMIN LPTYP 680.00 LP_TOLERANCE TURNS_TOTAL 0.00 612.00 680.00 10.00 N/A ALG BM BP mm^2 mm nH/tur n^2 mm N/A N/A uH uH % Turns nH/tur n^2 Gauss Gauss N/A N/A N/A A A A us kHz % A A BAC N/A N/A Gauss ur LG N/A N/A N/A N/A mm Page 11 of 33 ACDC_LinkSwitch-PL Buck Design Spreadsheet Minimum AC Input Voltage Typical AC Input Voltage Maximum AC Input Voltage AC Mains Frequency. (between 47Hz and 63Hz) Minimum Output Voltage of LED string Output Voltage of LED string Maximum Output Voltage of LED string Output Current riving LED strings Continuous Output Power Efficiency Estimate at output terminals. Under 0.7 if no better data available Enter Yes if design uses TRIAC dimming, otherwise select No Chosen LinkSwitch-II device Minimum Current Limit Typical Current Limit Maximum Current Limit Expected on-time of MOSFET at low line and PO Expected switching frequency at low line and PO Expected operating duty cycle at low line and PO Worst case drain RMS current at VO Worst case peak primary current at VO LinkSwitch-PL must operate in discontinuous mode (KP > 1) for good power factor. Consider reducing the primary inductance. Enter Transformer Core If custom core is used - Enter part number here Bobbin Part number (if available) Core Effective Cross Sectional Area Core Effective Path Length Ungapped Core Effective Inductance Bobbin Physical Winding Width Minimum Inductance Typical inductance Tolerance of the inductance Total number of turns Gapped Core Effective Inductance #DIV/0! #DIV/0! AC Flux Density for Core Loss Curves (0.5 X Peak to Peak) Relative Permeability of Ungapped Core #DIV/0! Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG AWG N/A L CMA Bias Section Use Bias? No TURNS_BIAS VBIAS PIVBS CURRENT WAVEFORM SHAPE PARAMETERS DMAX N/A N/A N/A Cmils No 0.00 0.00 N/A Turns V V 24.46 % 05-Dec-13 Winding Wire Gauge (Rounded to next smaller standard AWG value) Number of Layers Current Density capacity 200 < CMA < 500 Is a Bias winding used? Duty cycle measured at minimum input voltage Input average current measured on the Mosfet at the minimum input voltage Peak Drain current at maximum input voltage MOSFET RMS current measured at the minimum input voltage RMS current of freewheeling diode at maximum input voltage RMS current of the inductor at the maximum input voltage IAVG 0.04 A IP 0.75 A ISW_RMS 0.12 A ID_RMS 0.27 A IL_RMS FEEDBACK AND BYPASS PIN PARAMETERS 0.29 A RFEEDBACK 2.72 ohm CBP VOLTAGE STRESS PARAMETERS VDRAIN PIVS 1.00 uF This is a first approximation for the sense resistor and will likely require fine tuning in the bench. Value calculated with typical inductance, and minimum input voltage. Minimum Bypass pin capacitor required 359.21 359.21 V V Estimated worst case drain voltage Output Rectifier Maximum Peak Inverse Voltage Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 12 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 9 Performance Data All measurements performed at 25 ºC room temperature otherwise specified. 9.1 Efficiency 92.0 54 V 60 V 66 V 91.5 Efficiency (%) 91.0 90.5 90.0 89.5 89.0 88.5 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 AC Input Voltage (VRMS / 50 Hz) Figure 7 – Efficiency with Respect to AC Input Voltage. Page 13 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 280 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 9.2 Line Regulation The LinkSwitch-PL device regulates the output by controlling the power MOSFET on-time and switching frequency to maintain the average FEEDBACK pin at its 0.29 V threshold. Slight changes in output current may be observed when input or output conditions are changed or after AC cycling due to the device selecting a slightly different operating state (selection of on-time and frequency). 12.0 54 V 60 V 66 V 9.0 Regulaiton (%) 6.0 3.0 0.0 -3.0 -6.0 -9.0 -12.0 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 AC Input Voltage (VRMS / 50 Hz) Figure 8 – Line Regulation, Room Temperature. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 14 of 33 05-Dec-13 9.3 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG Power Factor 0.98 54 V 60 V 66 V 0.96 Power Factor (PF) 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 AC Input Voltage (VRMS / 50 Hz) Figure 9 – High Power Factor within the Operating Range. Page 15 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 280 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 9.4 05-Dec-13 %ATHD 32 54 V 60 V 66 V 30 28 THD (%) 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 AC Input Voltage (VRMS / 50 Hz) Figure 10 – Very Low %ATHD at 220 VAC. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 16 of 33 05-Dec-13 9.5 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG Harmonic Content 35 Limit Measured 30 Current (mA) 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 Harmonic Content Figure 11 – Meets EN61000-3-2 Harmonics Contents Standards for <25 W Rating for 60 V LED Output. Page 17 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 9.6 05-Dec-13 Harmonic Measurements VAC (VRMS) 230 nth Order 1 2 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 Freq (Hz) 50.00 mA Content 46.37 0.04 5.58 4.23 3.27 1.99 1.79 1.37 1.79 1.52 1.33 1.08 1.06 0.88 0.86 0.69 0.73 0.38 0.32 0.55 0.24 0.36 0.35 0.21 0.28 0.29 I (mA) 47.73 % Content 0.09% 12.02% 9.11% 7.05% 4.30% 3.86% 2.95% 3.86% 3.28% 2.86% 2.34% 2.29% 1.89% 1.85% 1.49% 1.57% 0.82% 0.69% 1.18% 0.52% 0.77% 0.75% 0.45% 0.61% 0.63% P (W) 9.14 Limit (mA) <25 W 34.5100 19.2850 10.1500 5.0750 3.5525 3.0060 2.6052 2.2987 2.0567 1.8608 1.6990 1.5631 1.4473 1.3475 1.2606 1.1842 1.1165 1.0561 1.0020 PF 0.925 Remarks Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Table 1 – 230 VAC Input Current Harmonic Measurement for 60 V LED. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 18 of 33 05-Dec-13 9.7 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG Thermal Performance 9.8 Thermal Scans The scan is conducted at ambient temperature of 25 ºC open frame, 195 VAC / 50 Hz input. Figure 12 – SP1 – L2; Output Inductor. SP2 – U1; LNK457DG Case Temperature. SP3 – BR1; Bridge Case Temperature. SP4 – Ambient Temperature. Page 19 of 33 Figure 13 – SP1 – L1; Differential Choke Temperature. SP2 – D1; Catch Diode Temperature. SP3 – Ambient Temperature. Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 10 Waveforms 10.1 Drain Voltage and Current, Normal Operation No saturation in the inductor and design guaranteed to work in discontinuous mode within the operating input voltage. Figure 14 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1: VBULK, 100 V / div. Ch2: VS-G, 100 V / div. Ch3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div. F1: VD-S, 200 V / div. Time Scale: 1 ms / div. Zoom Time Scale: 10 s / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Figure 15 – 240 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1: VBULK, 100 V / div. Ch2: VS-G, 100 V / div. Ch3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div. F1: VD-S, 200 V / div. Time Scale: 1 ms / div. Zoom Time Scale: 10 s / div. Page 20 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 10.2 Drain Voltage and Current Start-up Profile Device has a built in soft-start thereby reducing the stress in the device, transformer and output diode. Figure 16 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1, Z1: VBULK, 100 V / div. Ch2, Z2: VS-G, 100 V / div. Ch3, Z3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div. F1: VD-S, 200 V / div. Time Scale: 2 ms / div. Zoom Time Scale: 5 s / div Page 21 of 33 Figure 17 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1, Z1: VBULK, 100 V / div. Ch2, Z2: VS-G, 100 V / div. Ch3, Z3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div. F1: VD-S, 200 V / div. Time Scale: 2 ms / div. Zoom Time Scale: 5 s / div Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 10.3 Output Voltage Start-up Profile Start-up time <50 ms; the reference design will emit light within 50 ms at non-dimming operation. Figure 18 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 100 ms / div. Figure 19 – 220 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 100 ms / div. Figure 20 – 240 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 100 ms / div. Figure 21 – 265 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 100 ms / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 22 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 10.4 Input and Output Voltage and Current Profiles Output current ripple is inversely proportional to the impedance of the LED. Verify the current ripple on the actual LED to be used in the system. Increase output capacitance for less output current ripple. Figure 22 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 10 ms / div. Figure 23 – 220 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 10 ms / div.. Figure 24 – 240 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 10 ms / div. Figure 25 – 265 VAC / 50 Hz, 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IIN, 200 mA / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div., 10 ms / div.. Page 23 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 10.5 Drain Voltage and Current Profile: Normal Operation to Output Short No saturation in the inductor during short-circuit, inductor current is limited by the ILIM. Figure 26 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, Normal Operation then Output Short. Ch1: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div., 1 ms / div. Z3: IDRAIN, 0.5A / div., 5 s / div. Figure 27 – 265 VAC / 50 Hz, Normal Operation then Output Short. Ch1: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div., 1 ms / div. Z3: IDRAIN, 0.5A / div., 5 s / div. 10.6 Drain Voltage and Current Profile: Start-up with Output Shorted No saturation in the inductor during start-up short-circuit due to the built-in soft-start. Figure 28 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, Output Shorted. Ch1: VOUT, 100 V / div. Ch3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div, 100 s / div. Z3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div., 500 ns / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Figure 29 – 265 VAC / 50 Hz, Output Shorted. Ch1: VOUT, 100 V / div. Ch3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div, 10o s / div. Z3: IDRAIN, 0.5 A / div., 500 ns / div.. Page 24 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 10.7 No-Load Operation One shot no-load protection. Replace VR1 after fault condition. Figure 30 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, Start-up No-load. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 0.1 A / div. Time Scale: 100 ms / div. Figure 31 – 265 VAC / 50 Hz, Start-up No-load. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 0.1 A / div. Time Scale: 100 ms / div. Figure 32 – 195 VAC / 50 Hz, Normal Running then No-load. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 0.1 A / div. Time Scale: 100 ms / div. Figure 33 – 265 VAC / 50 Hz, Normal Running then No-load. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 0.1 A / div. Time Scale: 100 ms / div. Page 25 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 10.8 AC Cycling The reference design has no perceptible delay. Figure 34 – 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 50 ms On – 50 ms Off. Load: 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div. Time Scale: 500 ms / div. Figure 35 – 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 100 ms On – 100 ms Off. Load: 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div. Time Scale: 500 ms / div. Figure 36 – 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 150 ms On – 150 ms Off. Load: 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div. Time Scale: 500 ms / div. Figure 37 – 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 300 ms On – 300 ms Off. Load: 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div. Time Scale: 500 ms / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 26 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 10.9 Brown-out No device failure during the test. UUT operates normally within operating input voltage range. Figure 38 – 230 VAC / 50 Hz,1 V / s Slew Rate. Load: 60 V LED String. Ch1: VIN, 200 V / div. Ch2: VOUT, 20 V / div. Ch4: IOUT, 100 mA / div. Time Scale: 50 s / div. Page 27 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 10.10 Line Surge Input voltage was set at 230 VAC / 60 Hz. Output was loaded with 60 V LED string and operation was verified following each surge event. Differential input line 1.2 / 50 s surge testing was completed on one test unit to IEC61000-4-5. Surge Level (V) +500 -500 +500 -500 Input Voltage (VAC) 230 230 230 230 Injection Location L to N L to N L to N L to N Injection Phase (°) 0 270 90 180 Test Result (Pass/Fail) Pass Pass Pass Pass Differential input line ring surge testing was completed on one test unit to IEC61000-4-5. Surge Level (V) +2500 -2500 +2500 -2500 Input Voltage (VAC) 230 230 230 230 Injection Location L to N L to N L to N L to N Injection Phase (°) 0 270 90 180 Test Result (Pass/Fail) Pass Pass Pass Pass Unit operated normally under all test conditions. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 28 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 11 Conducted EMI 11.1 Equipment Receiver: Rohde & Schwartz ESPI - Test Receiver (9 kHz – 3 GHz) Model No: ESPI3 LISN: Rohde & Schwartz Two-Line-V-Network Model No: ENV216 11.2 EMI Test Set-up The LED driver is placed in a conical metal housing (for self-ballasted lamps; CISPR15 Edition 7.2). Figure 39 – Conducted Emissions Measurement Set-up. Page 29 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 11.3 EMI Test Result Power Integrations 16.Sep 13 13:59 RBW MT 9 kHz 500 ms Att 10 dB AUTO dBµV 100 kHz 120 EN55015Q 110 1 QP CLRWR LIMIT CHECK 1 MHz PASS 10 MHz SGL 100 90 2 AV CLRWR TDF 80 70 60 EN55015A 50 6DB 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 9 kHz 30 MHz Figure 40 – Conducted EMI, 60 V Output / 150 mA Steady-State Load, 230 VAC, 60 Hz, and EN55015 Limits. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 30 of 33 05-Dec-13 Trace1: DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG EDIT PEAK LIST (Final Measurement Results) EN55015Q Trace2: EN55015A Trace3: --- TRACE FREQUENCY LEVEL dBµV DELTA LIMIT dB 2 Average 99.0133127137 kHz 39.20 L1 gnd 1 Quasi Peak 196.231331718 kHz 56.71 L1 gnd -7.05 2 Average 200.175581485 kHz 47.55 L1 gnd -6.04 1 Quasi Peak 292.161713188 kHz 51.74 L1 gnd -8.71 2 Average 298.034163623 kHz 40.09 L1 gnd -10.19 1 Quasi Peak 389.890938834 kHz 48.52 N gnd -9.54 2 Average 393.789848222 kHz 37.68 L1 gnd -10.29 1 Quasi Peak 806.126927408 kHz 47.99 N gnd -8.00 2 Average 806.126927408 kHz 34.40 N gnd -11.59 1 Quasi Peak 908.363999266 kHz 49.07 N gnd -6.92 2 Average 908.363999266 kHz 35.32 L1 gnd -10.67 1 Quasi Peak 983.628047757 kHz 46.57 N gnd -9.42 1 Quasi Peak 1.31265544283 MHz 49.15 N gnd -6.84 2 Average 1.31265544283 MHz 36.65 L1 gnd -9.34 2 Average 1.36595451756 MHz 37.14 L1 gnd -8.85 1 Quasi Peak 1.37961406273 MHz 52.43 L1 gnd -3.56 2 Average 1.46448812765 MHz 36.52 L1 gnd -9.47 1 Quasi Peak 1.49392433901 MHz 50.23 N gnd -5.76 1 Quasi Peak 1.66672409735 MHz 44.78 N gnd -11.21 2 Average 5.02963192899 MHz 33.42 N gnd -16.57 Figure 41 – Conducted EMI, 60 V / 150 mA Steady-State Load Steady-State Load, 230 VAC, 60 Hz, and EN55015 Limits. Line and Neutral Scan Design Margin Measurement. Page 31 of 33 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG 05-Dec-13 12 Revision History Date 05-Dec-13 Author JDC Revision 1.0 Description and Changes Initial Release Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Reviewed Apps & Mktg Page 32 of 33 05-Dec-13 DER-388 9 W Buck Power Supply Using LNK457DG For the latest updates, visit our website: www.powerint.com Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein. POWER INTEGRATIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY HEREIN AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. PATENT INFORMATION The products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits’ external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations’ patents may be found at www.powerint.com. Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at http://www.powerint.com/ip.htm. 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