RFFC2071/2072

RFFC2071/2072
2.7GHz RF SYNTHESIZER/VCO WITH
INTEGRATED RF MIXER
Package: QFN, 32-Pin, 5mm x 5mm
RFFC2071
RFFC2072
Features









85MHz to 2700MHz LO
Frequency Range
Fractional-N Synthesizer with
Very Low Spurious Levels
Phase
det.
Synth
Phase
det.
Synth
Typical Step Size 1.5Hz
Fully Integrated Low Phase Noise
VCO and LO Buffers
Integrated Phase Noise
0.18°rms at 1GHz
Ref.
divider
Ref.
divider
High Linearity RF Mixer(s)
30MHz to 2700MHz Mixer
Frequency Range
Functional Block Diagram
Input IP3 +23dBm
Product Description
Mixer Bias Adjustable for Low
Power Operation
The RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 are re-configurable frequency conversion devices
with integrated fractional-N phased locked loop (PLL) synthesizer, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and either one or two high linearity mixers. The fractional-N
synthesizer takes advantage of an advanced sigma-delta modulator that delivers
ultra-fine step sizes and low spurious products. The PLL/VCO engine combined with
an external loop filter allows the user to generate local oscillator (LO) signals from
85MHz to 2700MHz. The LO signal is buffered and routed to the integrated RF mixers which are used to up/down-convert frequencies ranging from 30MHz to
2700MHz. The mixer bias current is programmable and can be reduced for applications requiring lower power consumption. Both devices can be configured to work
as signal sources by bypassing the integrated mixers. Device programming is
achieved via a simple 3-wire serial interface. In addition, a unique programming
mode allows up to four devices to be controlled from a common serial bus. This
eliminates the need for separate chip-select control lines between each device and
the host controller. Up to six general purpose outputs are provided, which can be
used to access internal signals (the LOCK signal, for example) or to control front
end components. Both devices operate with a 2.7V to 3.3V power supply.

Full Duplex Mode (RFFC2071)

2.7V to 3.3V Power Supply

Low Current Consumption

3- or 4-Wire Serial Interface
Applications

CATV Head-Ends

Digital TV Repeaters

Multi-Dwelling Units

Diversity Receivers

Software Defined Radios

Frequency Band Shifters

Point-to-Point Radios

Cellular Repeaters

WiMax/LTE Infrastructure

Cellular Jammers

Satellite Communications

VHF/UHF Radios
Optimum Technology Matching® Applied
GaAs HBT
GaAs MESFET
InGaP HBT
SiGe BiCMOS
Si BiCMOS
SiGe HBT
GaAs pHEMT
Si CMOS
Si BJT
GaN HEMT
BiFET HBT
LDMOS
RF MICRO DEVICES®, RFMD®, Optimum Technology Matching®, Enabling Wireless Connectivity™, PowerStar®, POLARIS™ TOTAL RADIO™ and UltimateBlue™ are trademarks of RFMD, LLC. BLUETOOTH is a trademark owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc., U.S.A. and licensed for use by RFMD. All other trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2012, RF Micro Devices, Inc.
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RFFC2071/2072
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Supply Voltage (VDD)
Input Voltage (VIN) any pin
Rating
Unit
-0.5 to +3.6
V
-0.3 to VDD + 0.3
V
+15
dBm
-40 to +85
°C
32
°C/W
-65 to +150
°C
RF/IF mixer input power
Operating Temperature Range
Thermal Resistance (RTH)
Storage Temperature Range
Parameter
Min.
Specification
Typ.
Max.
Caution! ESD sensitive device.
Exceeding any one or a combination of the Absolute Maximum Rating conditions may
cause permanent damage to the device. Extended application of Absolute Maximum
Rating conditions to the device may reduce device reliability. Specified typical performance or functional operation of the device under Absolute Maximum Rating conditions is not implied.
The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by RF Micro Devices, Inc. ("RFMD") for its use, nor for any
infringement of patents, or other rights of third parties, resulting from its use. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of
RFMD. RFMD reserves the right to change component circuitry, recommended application circuitry and specifications at any time without prior notice.
RFMD Green: RoHS compliant per EU Directive 2002/95/EC, halogen free
per IEC 61249-2-21, < 1000ppm each of antimony trioxide in polymeric
materials and red phosphorus as a flame retardant, and <2% antimony in
solder.
Unit
Condition
ESD Requirements
Human Body Model
Charge Device Model
2000
V
1500
V
DC Pins
All Pins
500
V
All Pins
Operating Conditions
Supply voltage (VDD)
2.7
Temperature (TOP)
-40
3.0
3.3
V
+85
°C
Logic Inputs/Outputs (VDD = Supply to DIG_VDD pin)
Input low voltage
-0.3
+0.5
V
Input high voltage
VDD / 1.5
VDD
V
Input low current
-10
+10
A
Input = 0V
Input high current
-10
+10
A
Input = VDD
Output low voltage
0
0.2*VDD
V
Output high voltage
0.8*VDD
VDD
Load resistance
10
V
kΩ
Load capacitance
20
pF
GPO Drive Capability
Sink Current
20
mA
at VOL = 0.6V
Source Current
20
mA
at VOL = 2.4V
Output Impedance
25

100
mA
Low current, MIX_IDD=1, one mixer enabled.
125
mA
High linearity, MIX_IDD=6, one mixer enabled.
2
mA
Reference oscillator and bandgap only.
300
A
ENBL=0 and REF_STBY=0
Not including balun losses
Static
Supply Current (IDD) with 1GHz LO
Standby
Power Down Current
Mixer 1/2 (Mixer output driving 4:1 balun)
Gain
-2
dB
Noise Figure
10
dB
Low current setting
13
dB
High linearity setting
+10
dBm
Low current setting
+23
dBm
High linearity setting
IIP3
Input port frequency range
30
Mixer input return loss
Output port frequency range
2 of 23
2700
MHz
2700
MHz
10
30
dB
100Ω differential
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DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Parameter
Min.
Specification
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Condition
Reference Oscillator
External reference frequency
10
104
Reference divider ratio
1
7
External reference input level
500
800
MHz
1500
mVp-p
2700
MHz
AC-coupled
Synthesizer (Loop bandwidth of 200KHz, 52MHz reference)
Synthesizer output frequency
85
Phase detector frequency
52
Phase noise (LO = 1GHz)
Phase noise (LO = 2GHz)
MHz
-108
dBc/Hz
-108
dBc/Hz
10kHz offset
100kHz offset
-135
dBc/Hz
1MHz offset
0.19
°
-102
dBc/Hz
RMS integrated from 1kHz to 40MHz
-102
dBc/Hz
100kHz offset
-130
dBc/Hz
1MHz offset
10kHz offset
0.32
°
RMS integrated from 1kHz to 40MHz
-214
dBc/Hz
Measured at 20kHz to 30kHz offset
2.5GHz LO frequency
-134
dBc/Hz
VCO3
2.0GHz LO frequency
-135
dBc/Hz
VCO2
1.5GHz LO frequency
-136
dBc/Hz
VCO1
2.5GHz LO frequency
-149
dBc/Hz
VCO3
2.0GHz LO frequency
-150
dBc/Hz
VCO2
1.5GHz LO frequency
-151
dBc/Hz
VCO1
Normalized phase noise floor
Voltage Controlled Oscillator
Open loop phase noise at 1MHz
offset
Open loop phase noise at 10MHz
offset
External LO Input
LO Input Frequency Range
External LO Input Level
DS140110
85
5400
0
MHz
Note Minimum LO Divide by 2 at Mixer
dBm
Driven from 50Source Via a 1:1 Balun
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RFFC2071/2072
Pin Names and Descriptions
Pin
Name
Description
1
ENBL/GPO5 Device Enable pin. See note 1 and 2.
External local oscillator input (see note 4).
2
EXT_LO
3
EXT_LO_DEC Decoupling pin for external local oscillator (see note 4).
External bandgap bias resistor. See note 3.
4
REXT
5
ANA_VDD1 Analog supply. Use good RF decoupling.
Phase detector output. Low-frequency noise-sensitive node.
6
LFILT1
Loop filter op-amp output. Low-frequency noise-sensitive node.
7
LFILT2
VCO control input. Low-frequency noise-sensitive node.
8
LFILT3
9
MODE/GPO6 Mode select pin. See note 1 and 2.
Reference input. Use AC coupling capacitor.
10
REF_IN
11
NC
Connect to ground.
12
TM
Differential input 1 (see note 4). On RFFC2072 this pin is NC.
13
MIX1_IPN
Differential input 1 (see note 4). On RFFC2072 this pin is NC.
14
MIX1_IPP
15
GPO1/ADD1 General purpose output / MultiSlice address bit.
16
GPO2/ADD2 General purpose output / MultiSlice address bit.
17
MIX1_OPN Differential output 1 (see note 5). On RFFC2072 this pin is NC.
18
MIX1_OPP Differential output 1 (see note 5). On RFFC2072 this pin is NC.
Digital supply. Should be decoupled as close to the pin as possible.
19
DIG_VDD
20
NC
21
NC
22
ANA_VDD2 Analog supply. Use good RF decoupling.
Differential input 2 (see note 4).
23
MIX2_IPP
Differential input 2 (see note 4).
24
MIX2_IPN
General purpose output / frequency control input.
25
GPO3/FM
26
GPO4/LD/DO General purpose output / Lock detect output / serial data out.
27
MIX2_OPN Differential output 2 (see note 5).
28
MIX2_OPP Differential output 2 (see note 5).
Chip reset (active low). Connect to DIG_VDD if asynchronous reset is not required.
29
RESETX
Serial interface select (active low). See note 1.
30
ENX
Serial interface clock. See note 1.
31
SCLK
Serial interface data. See note 1.
32
SDATA
Ground reference, should be connected to PCB ground through a low impedance path.
Exposed paddle
Note 1: An RC low pass filter could be used on this line to reduce digital noise.
Note 2: If the device is under software control this input can be configured as a general purpose output (GPO).
Note 3: Connect a 51kΩ resistor from this pin to ground, this pin is sensitive to low frequency noise injection.
Note 4: DC voltage should not be applied to this pin. Use either an AC-coupling capacitor as part of lumped element matching
network or a transformer (see evaluation board schematic).
Note 5: This pin must be connected to ANA_VDD2 using an RF choke or a transformer (see application schematic).
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RFFC2071/2072
Theory of Operation
The RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 are wideband RF frequency converter chips which include a fractional-N synthesizer and a low
noise VCO core. The RFFC2071 has an LO signal multiplexer, two LO buffer circuits, and two RF mixers. The RFFC2072 has a
single LO buffer circuit and one RF mixer. Both devices have an integrated voltage reference and low drop out regulators supplying critical circuit blocks such as the VCOs and synthesizer. Synthesizer programming, device configuration and control are
achieved through a mixture of hardware and software controls. All on-chip registers are programmed through a simple 3-wire
serial interface.
VCO
The VCO core in the RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 consists of three VCOs which, in conjunction with the integrated LO dividers of
/2 to /32, cover the LO range of 85MHz to 2700MHz. Each VCO has 128 overlapping bands which are used to achieve low VCO
gain and optimal phase noise performance across the whole tuning range. The chip automatically selects the correct VCO (VCO
auto-select) and VCO band (VCO coarse tuning) to generate the desired LO frequency based on the values programmed into
the PLL1 and PLL2 registers banks.
The VCO auto-select and VCO coarse tuning are triggered every time ENBL is taken high, or if the PLL re-lock self clearing bit is
programmed high. Once the correct VCO and band have been selected the PLL will lock onto the correct frequency. During the
band selection process, fixed capacitance elements are progressively connected to the VCO resonant circuit until the VCO is
oscillating approximately at the correct frequency. The output of this band selection, CT_CAL, is made available in the readback register. A value of 127 or 0 in this register indicates that the coarse tuning was unsuccessful, and this will also be indicated by the CT_FAILED flag also available in the read-back register. A CT_CAL value between 1 and 126 indicates a successful calibration, the actual value being dependent on the desired frequency as well as process variation for a particular device.
The band select process will center the VCO tuning voltage at about 1.0V, compensating for manufacturing tolerances and process variation as well as environmental factors including temperature. In applications where the device is left enabled at the
same LO frequency for some time, it is recommended that automatic band selection be performed for every 30°C change in
temperature. This assumes an active loop filter.
The RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 feature a differential LO input to allow the mixer to be driven from an external LO source. The
fractional-N PLL can be used with an external VCO driven into this LO input, which may be useful to reduce phase noise in
some applications. This may also require an external op-amp, dependant on the tuning voltage required by the external VCO.
In the RFFC2071 the LO signal is routed to mixer 1, mixer 2, or both mixers depending on the state of the MODE pin (or MODE
bit if under software control) and the value of the FULLD bit. Setting FULLD high puts the device into Full Duplex mode and both
mixers are enabled.
Fractional-N PLL
The RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 contain a charge pump-based fractional-N phase locked loop (PLL) for controlling the three
VCOs. The PLL includes automatic calibration systems to counteract the effects of process and environmental variations,
ensuring repeatable loop response and phase noise performance. As well as the VCO auto-select and coarse tuning, there is a
loop filter calibration mechanism which can be enabled if required. This operates by adjusting the charge pump current to
maintain loop bandwidth. This can be useful for applications where the LO is tuned over a wide frequency range.
The PLL has been designed to use a reference frequency of between 10MHz and 104MHz from an external source, which is
typically a temperature controlled crystal oscillator (TCXO). A reference divider (divide by 1 to divide by 7) is supplied and
should be programmed to limit the frequency at the phase detector to a maximum of 52MHz.
Two PLL programming banks are provided, the first bank is preceded by the label PLL1 and the second bank is preceded by the
label PLL2. For the RFFC2071 these banks are used to program mixer 1 and mixer 2 respectively, and are selected automatically as the mixer is selected using MODE. For the RFFC2072 mixer 2 and register bank PLL2 are normally used.
The VCO outputs are first divided down in a high frequency prescalar. The output of this high frequency prescalar then enters
the N divider, which is a fractional divider containing a dual-modulus prescaler and a digitally spur-compensated fractional
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RFFC2071/2072
sequence generator. This allows very fine frequency steps and minimizes fractional spurs. The fractional energy is randomized
and appears as fractional noise at frequency offsets above 100kHz which will be attenuated by the loop filter. An external loop
filter is used, giving flexibility in setting loop bandwidth for optimizing phase noise and lock time, for example.
The synthesizer step size is typically 1.5Hz when using a 26MHz reference frequency. The exact step size for any reference and
LO frequency can be calculated using the following formula:
(FREF * P) / (R * 224 * LO_DIV)
Where FREF is the reference frequency, R is the reference division ratio, P is the prescalar division ratio, and LO_DIV is the LO
divider value.
Pin 26 (GPO4) can be configured as a lock detect pin. The lock status is also available in the read-back register. The lock detect
function is a window detector on the VCO tuning voltage. The lock flag will be high to show PLL lock which corresponds to the
VCO tuning voltage being within the specified range, typically 0.30V to 1.25V.
The lock time of the PLL will depend on a number of factors; including the loop bandwidth and the reference frequency at the
phase detector. This clock frequency determines the speed at which the state machine and internal calibrations run. A 52MHz
phase detector frequency will give fastest lock times, of typically <50secs when using the PLL re-lock bit.
Phase Detector and Charge Pump
The phase detector provides a current output to drive an actve loop filter. The charge pump output current is set by the value
contained in the P1_CP_DEF and P2_CP_DEF fields in the loop filter configuration register. The charge pump current is given
by approximately 3A/bit, and the fields are 6 bits long. This gives default value (31) of 93A and maximum value (63) of
189A.
If the automatic loop bandwidth calibration is enabled the charge pump current is set by the calibration algorithm based upon
the VCO gain.
The phase detector will operate with a maximum input frequency of 52MHz.
Loop Filter
The active loop filter is implemented using the on-chip low noise op-amp, with external resistors and capacitors. The op-amp
gives a tuning voltage range of typically +0.1V to +2.4V. The internal configuration of the chip is shown below with the recommended active loop filter. The loop filter shown is designed to give lowest integrated phase noise, for reference frequencies of
between 26MHz and 52MHz. The external loop filter components give the flexibility to optimize the loop response for any particular application and combination of reference and VCO frequencies.
8p2
LFILT1
180p
22K
LFILT2
470R
330p
+1.1V
6 of 23
470R
LFILT3
330p
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DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
External Reference
The RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 have been designed to use an external reference such as a TCXO. The typical input will be a
0.8Vp-p clipped sine wave, which should be AC-coupled into the reference input. When the PLL is not in use, it may be desirable to turn off the internal reference circuits, by setting the REFSTBY bit low, to minimize current draw while in standby mode.
On cold start, or if REFSTBY is programmed low, the reference circuits will need a warm-up period. This is set by the SU_WAIT
bits. This will allow the clock to be stable and immediately available when the ENBL bit is asserted high, allowing the PLL to
assume normal operation.
If the current consumption of the reference circuits in standby mode, typically 2mA, is not critical, then the REFSTBY bit can be
set high. This allows the fastest startup and lock time after ENBL is taken high.
Wideband Mixer
The mixers are wideband, double-balanced Gilbert cells. They support RF/IF frequencies from 30MHz up to 2700MHz. Each
mixer has an input port and an output port that can be used for either IF or RF (in other words, for up- or down-conversion). The
mixer current can be programmed to between about 15mA and 45mA depending on linearity requirements. The majority of the
mixer current is sourced through the output pins via either a center-tapped balun or an RF choke in the external matching circuitry to the supply.
The RF mixer input and output ports are differential and require baluns and simple matching circuits optimized to the specific
application frequencies. A conversion gain of approximately -2dB (not including balun losses) is achieved with 100 differential input impedance, and the outputs driving 200 differential load impedance. Increasing the mixer output load increases
the conversion gain.
The mixer has a broadband common gate input. The input impedance is dominated by the resistance set by the mixer 1/gm
term, which is inversely proportional to the mixer current setting. The resistance will be approximately 85 at the default mixer
current setting (100). There is also some shunt capacitance at the mixer input, and the inductance of the bond wires (about
0.5nH on each pin) to consider at higher frequencies. The following diagram is a simple model of the mixer input impedance:
0.5nH
RFFC207x
Mixer Input
0.5pF
Rin
Typ 85
0.5nH
The mixer output is high impedance, consisting of approximately 2k resistance in parallel with some capacitance, approximately 1pF. The mixer output does not require a conjugate matching network. It is a constant current output which will drive a
real differential load of between 50Ω and 500Ω, typically 200Ω. Since the mixer output is a constant current source, a higher
resistance load will give higher output voltage and gain. A shunt inductor can be used to resonate with the mixer output capacitance at the frequency of interest. This inductor may not be required at lower frequencies where the impedance of the output
capacitance is less significant. At higher output frequencies the inductance of the bond wires (about 0.5nH on each pin)
becomes more significant. The following diagram is a simple model of the mixer output:
0.5nH
1K
RFFC207x
Mixer Output
1pF
1K
DS140110
0.5nH
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RFFC2071/2072
The RFFC2071 mixer layout and pin placement has been optimized for high mixer-to-mixer isolation of greater than 60dB. The
mixers can be set up to operate in half duplex mode (1 mixer active) or full duplex mode (both mixers active). This selection is
done via control of MODE and by setting the FULLD bit. When in full duplex mode, either PLL register bank can be used, the LO
signal is routed to both mixers.
Mode
FULLD
Active PLL
Active
Register Bank Mixer
LOW
0
1
HIGH
0
2
1
2
LOW
1
1
1 and 2
HIGH
1
2
1 and 2
Serial Interface
All on-chip registers in the RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 are programmed using a proprietary 3-wire serial bus which supports
both write and read operations. Synthesizer programming, device configuration, and control are achieved through a mixture of
hardware and software controls. Certain functions and operations require the use of hardware controls via the ENBL, MODE,
and RESETB pins in addition to programming via the serial bus. Alternatively there is the option to control the chip completely
via the serial bus.
The serial data interface can be configured for 4-wire operation by setting the 4WIRE bit in the SDI_CTRL register high. Then
pin 26 is used as the data out pin, and pin 32 is the serial data in pin.
Hardware Control
Three hardware control pins are provided: ENBL, MODE, and RESETB.
The ENBL pin has two functions: to enable the analog circuits in the chip and to trigger the VCO auto-selection and coarse tuning mechanisms. The VCO auto-selection and coarse tuning is initiated when the ENBL pin is taken high. Every time the frequency of the synthesizer is reprogrammed, ENBL has to be asserted high to initiate these mechanisms and then to initiate the
PLL locking. Alternatively following the programming of a new frequency the PLL re-lock self clearing bit could be used.
If the device is left in the enabled state for long periods, it is recommended that VCO auto-selection and coarse tuning (band
selection) is performed for every 30°C change in temperature. The lock detect flag can be used to indicate when to perform
the VCO calibration, it shows that the VCO tuning voltage has drifted significantly with changing temperature.
The RESETB pin is a hardware reset control that will reset all digital circuits to their startup state when asserted low. The device
includes a power-on-reset function, so this pin should not normally be required, in which case it should be connected to the
positive supply.
The MODE pin controls which mixer(s) and PLL programming register bank is active.
Serial Data Interface Control
The normal mode of operation uses the 3-wire serial data interface to program the device registers, and three extra hardware
control lines: MODE, ENBL and RESETB.
When the device is under software control, achieved by setting the SIPIN bit in the SDI_CTRL register high, then the hardware
can be controlled via the SDI_CTRL register. When this is the case, the three hardware control lines are not required. If the
device is under software control, pins 1 and 9 can be configured as general purpose outputs (GPO).
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DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Multi-Slice Mode
ENX
SDATA
SCLK
Slice2
(0)
Slice2
(1)
A1 A2
A1 A2
Slice2
(2)
Slice2
(3)
A1 A2
Vdd
A1 A2
Vdd
Vdd
Vdd
The Multi-Slice mode of operation allows up to four chips to be controlled from a common serial bus. The device address pins
(15 and 16) ADD1 and ADD2 are used to set the address of each part.
On power up, and after a reset, the devices ignore the address pins ADD1 and ADD2 and any data presented to the serial bus
will be programmed into all the devices. However, once the ADDR bit in the SDI_CTRL register is set, each device then adopts
an address according to the state of the address pins on the device.
General Purpose Outputs
The general purpose outputs (GPOs) can be controlled via the GPO register and will depend on the state of MODE since they
can be set in different states corresponding to either mixer path 1 or 2. For example, the GPOs can be used to drive LEDs or to
control external circuitry such as switches or low power LNAs.
Each GPO pin can supply approximately 20mA load current. The output voltage of the GPO high state will drop with increased
current drive by approximately 25mV/mA. Similarly the output voltage of the GPO low state will rise with increased current,
again by approximately 25mV/mA.
External Modulation
The RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 fractional-N synthesizer can be used to modulate the frequency of the VCO. There are two dedicated registers, EXT_MOD and FMOD, which can be used to configure the device as a modulator. It is possible to modulate the
VCO in two ways:
1.Binary FSK
The MODSETUP bits in the EXT_MOD register are set to 11. GPO3 is then configured as an input and used to control the signal
frequency. The frequency deviation is set by the MODSTEP and MODULATION bits in the EXT_MOD and FMOD registers respectively.
The modulation frequency is calculated according to the following formula:
F MOD = 2
MODSTEP
 F PD   MODULATION   2
16
Where MODULATION is a 2's complement number and FPD is the phase detector frequency.
2.Continuous Modulation
The MODSETUP bits in the EXT_MOD register are set to 01. The frequency deviation is set by the MODSTEP and MODULATION
bits in the EXT_MOD and FMOD registers respectively. The VCO frequency is then changed by writing a new value into the MOD-
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RFFC2071/2072
ULATION bits, the VCO frequency is instantly updated. An arbitrary frequency modulation can then be performed dependant
only on the rate at which values are written into the FMOD register.
The modulation frequency is calculated according to the following formula:
F MOD = 2
MODSTEP
 F PD   MODULATION   2
16
Where MODULATION is a 2's complement number and FPD is the phase detector frequency.
Programming Information
The RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 share a common serial interface and control block. Please refer to the register map and programming guides which are available for download from http://rfmd.com/products/IntSynthMixer/.
Evaluation Boards
Evaluation boards for RFFC2071 and RFFC2072 are provided as part of a design kit, along with the necessary cables and programming software tool to enable full evaluation of the device. The evaluation board has been configured for wideband operation. The mixer inputs and outputs are connected to wideband transmission line transformer baluns. Design kits can be
ordered from www.rfmd.com or from local RFMD sales offices and authorized sales channels. For ordering codes please see
“Ordering Information” on page 23. For further details on how to set up the design kits please refer to the user guide which can
be downloaded from http://rfmd.com/products/IntSynthMixer/.
10 of 23
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DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Detailed Functional Block Diagram
+3V
OP2
RFXF8553
4:1 Balun
RFXF9503
1:1 Balun
Ext LO
Mux
Mixer 2
Prescaler
Loop
Filter
N
divider
Charge
pump
ENX
SDATA
SCLK
Control
3-Wire
Serial
Bus
RESET
Phase
detector
Reference
divider
MODE
ENBL
/2n
[n=1..5]
Biasing
& LDOs
+3V
Sequence
generator
Control
Lines
51K
+3V
OP1
Mixer 1
GPO
RFXF8553
4:1 Balun
Lock
Flag
IP1
XO
DS140110
IP2
RFXF9503
1:1 Balun
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support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
RFFC2071 Only
11 of 23
RFFC2071/2072
RFFC2071 Pin Out
GPO3/FM 25
27
GPO4/LD/DO 26
MIX2_OPN
MIX2_OPP 28
RESETX 29
ENX 30
SCLK 31
SDATA 32
ENBL/GPO5
1
24 MIX2_IPN
EXT_LO
2
23 MIX2_IPP
EXT_LO_DEC
3
22 ANA_VDD2
21 NC
REXT
4
ANA_VDD1
5
LFILT1
6
19 DIG_VDD
LFILT2
7
18 MIX1_OPP
LFILT3
8
17 MIX1_OPN
Exposed
paddle
20 NC
16 GPO2/ADD2
15 GPO1/ADD1
14 MIX1_IPP
13 MIX1_IPN
12 TM
11 NC
10 REF_IN
9 MODE/GPO6
RFFC2072 Pin Out
26
GPO3/FM 25
GPO4/LD/DO
MIX_OPP 28
MIX_OPN 27
ENX 30
RESETX 29
1
24 MIX_IPN
EXT_LO
2
23 MIX_IPP
EXT_LO_DEC
3
22 ANA_VDD2
REXT
4
ANA_VDD1
5
LFILT1
6
19 DIG_VDD
LFILT2
7
18 NC
LFILT3
8
17 NC
21 NC
Exposed
paddle
20 NC
16 GPO2/ADD2
15 GPO1/ADD1
14 NC
13 NC
12 TM
11 NC
9 MODE/GPO6
10 REF_IN
12 of 23
SCLK 31
SDATA 32
ENBL/GPO5
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DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Application Schematic
DS140110
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support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
13 of 23
RFFC2071/2072
Typical Synthesizer Performance Characteristics
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated. Measured on RFFC2071/RFFC2072 evaluation board with
active loop filter.
Synthesizer Phase Noise
Synthesizer Phase Noise
4000MHz VCO Frequency, 26MHz Crystal Oscillator
-60.0
4000MHz VCO Frequency, 52MHz Crystal Oscillator
-60.0
2000MHz
1000MHz
-70.0
-80.0
-80.0
500MHz
250MHz
125MHz
-90.0
-100.0
Phase
Noise
-110.0
(dBc/Hz)
2000MHz
1000MHz
-70.0
500MHz
250MHz
125MHz
-90.0
-100.0
-120.0
Phase
Noise -110.0
(dBc/Hz)-120.0
-130.0
-130.0
-140.0
-140.0
-150.0
-150.0
-160.0
-160.0
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
100000.0
1.0
10.0
Offset Frequency (KHz)
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
100000.0
Offset Frequency (KHz)
Synthesizer Phase Noise
Synthesizer Phase Noise
5200MHz VCO Frequency, 26MHz Crystal Oscillator
5200MHz VCO Frequency, 52MHz Crystal Oscillator
-60.0
-60.0
2600MHz
1300MHz
-70.0
-80.0
-90.0
1300MHz
650MHz
325MHz
-80.0
650MHz
325MHz
162.5MHz
-100.0
2600MHz
-70.0
-90.0
162.5MHz
-100.0
Phase
Noise -110.0
(dBc/Hz)
-120.0
Phase
Noise -110.0
(dBc/Hz) -120.0
-130.0
-130.0
-140.0
-140.0
-150.0
-150.0
-160.0
-160.0
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
1.0
100000.0
Offset Frequency (KHz)
Integration Bandwidth 1kHz to 40MHz
1000.0
10000.0
100000.0
Note:
• 26MHz Crystal Oscillator: NDK ENA3523A
• 52MHz Crystal Oscillator: NDK ENA3560A
26MHz TCXO
52MHz TCXO
0.5
100.0
Offset Frequency (KHz)
Synthesizer RMS Integrated Phase Noise
0.6
10.0
0.4
RMS
Integrated 0.3
Phase
Noise (°)
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
LO Frequency (MHz)
14 of 23
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support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Typical VCO Performance Characteristics
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated. Measured on RFFC2071/RFFC2072 evaluation board.
VCO1 Frequency versus CT_CAL
VCO1 Frequency versus Kvco
VCO1 with LO Divide by 2
1800
LO Divide by 2
25
-40 Deg C
+27 Deg C
1700
20
+85 Deg C
VCO1
1600
VCO
Frequency
(MHz)
15
Kvco
(MHz/V)
1500
10
1400
5
1300
1200
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
1200
120
1300
1400
1700
1800
LO Divide by 2
VCO2 with LO Divide by 2
2200
1600
VCO2 Frequency versus Kvco
VCO2 Frequency versus CT_CAL
2300
1500
VCO Frequency /2 (MHz)
CT_CAL Word
30
-40 Deg C
25
+27 Deg C
2100
VCO
Frequency
(MHz)
+85 Deg C
VCO2
20
2000
Kvco 15
(MHz/V)
1900
10
1800
5
1700
1600
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
1600
120
1700
1800
VCO3 Frequency versus CT_CAL
2000
2100
2200
2300
VCO3 Frequency versus Kvco
LO Divide by 2
VCO3 with LO Divide by 2
30
2900
2800
-40 Deg C
25
+27 Deg C
2700
VCO
Frequency
(MHz)
1900
VCO Frequency /2 (MHz)
CT_CAL Word
+85 Deg C
Kvco
(MHz/V)
2600
20
VCO3
15
2500
2400
10
2300
5
2200
2100
0
20
40
60
80
CT_CAL Word
DS140110
100
120
0
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
VCO Frequency /2 (MHz)
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15 of 23
RFFC2071/2072
Typical VCO Performance Characteristics
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated. Measured on RFFC2071/RFFC2072 evaluation board.
VCO3 Frequency versus Tuning Voltage
VCO1 Frequency versus Tuning Voltage
For the same coarse tune setting, LO divide by two
1505
For the same coarse tune setting, LO divide by two
2515
2510
1500
2505
2500
VCO3
Frequency /2 2495
(MHz)
1495
VCO1
Frequency /2 1490
(MHz)
2490
2485
1485
2480
-40 Deg C
1480
+27 Deg C
2475
+85 Deg C
2470
-40 Deg C
+27 Deg C
+85 Deg C
2465
1475
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
1.5
0.5
With LO Divide by 2
-60.0
2020
2500MHz VCO3
2000MHz VCO2
1500MHz VCO1
-70.0
2015
-80.0
2010
-90.0
2005
-100.0
Phase
Noise -110.0
(dBc/Hz)
2000
-120.0
1995
-130.0
-40 Deg C
1990
1985
+27 Deg C
-140.0
+85 Deg C
-150.0
1980
0.0
0.5
1.0
Tuning Voltage (Volts)
16 of 23
1.5
VCO Phase Noise
VCO2 Frequency versus Tuning Voltage
For the same coarse tune setting, LO divide by two
VCO2
Frequency /2
(MHz)
1.0
Tuning Voltage (Volts)
Tuning Voltage (Volts)
1.5
-160.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
100000.0
Offset Frequency (KHz)
7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical
support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Typical Supply Current Performance Characteristics
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated.
Total Supply Current versus Mixer Bias Setting
One Mixer Enabled, LO Frequency = 1000MHz
140.0
130.0
-40 Deg C, +2.7V
-40 Deg C, +3.0V
120.0
Current
(mA)
-40 Deg C, +3.3V
+27 Deg C, +2.7V
110.0
+27 Deg C, +3.0V
+27 Deg C, +3.3V
100.0
+85 Deg C, +2.7V
+85 Deg C, +3.0V
90.0
+85 Deg C, +3.3V
80.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mixer Bias Current Setting (MIX_IDD)
DS140110
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17 of 23
RFFC2071/2072
Typical RF Mixer 2 Performance Characteristics
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated. Measured on RFFC2071/RFFC2072 evaluation board.
Mixer 2 Linearity Performance
MIX_IDD = 5, +3.0V, IF Output = 100MHz
30.0
30.0
25.0
25.0
20.0
20.0
IIP3
(dBm) 15.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
PIN 1dB
(dBm)
5.0
Input IP3
5.0
Pin 1dB
0.0
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
0.0
2250
RF Input Frequency (MHz)
18 of 23
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support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Typical RF Mixer 1 Performance Characteristics
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated. Measured on RFFC2071 evaluation board.
Mixer 1 Noise Figure versus Frequency
IF Output = 100MHz
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
Noise
Figure
(dB)
MIX_IDD = 1
8.0
MIX_IDD = 2
MIX_IDD = 3
6.0
MIX_IDD = 4
MIX_IDD = 5
4.0
MIX_IDD = 6
MIX_IDD = 7
2.0
0.0
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
LO Frequency (MHz)
DS140110
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support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
19 of 23
RFFC2071/2072
Typical Performance Characteristics of Both RF Mixers
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated. Measured on RFFC2071 evaluation board.
LO & RF Leakage at Mixer 1 Output
0.0
-10.0
-20.0
LO & RF Leakage at Mixer 2 Output
RF Input Power 0dBm, MIX1_IDD = 4
0.0
-10.0
IF Output at 100MHz
LO Leakage (High Side)
RF Leakage
-20.0
Level at
Mixer 1 -30.0
Output
(dBm)
Level at
Mixer 2 -30.0
Output
(dBm)
-40.0
-40.0
-50.0
-50.0
-60.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
1600.0
RF Input Frequency (MHz)
-60.0
400.0
RF Input Power 0dBm, MIX2_IDD = 4
IF Output at 100MHz
LO Leakage (High Side)
RF Leakage
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
1600.0
RF Input Frequency (MHz)
Typical LO Leakage at Mixer Output
+3.0V Supply Voltage
0.0
Path 1, -40 Deg C
-20.0
Path 1, +27 Deg C
Path 1, +85 Deg C
Path 2, -40 Deg C
-30.0
Path 2, +27 Deg C
Path 2, +85 Deg C
-10.0
LO
Leakage
(dBm) -40.0
-50.0
-60.0
-70.0
200
400
600
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
LO Frequency (MHz)
20 of 23
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support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Typical Full Duplex Mode Performance Characteristics
VDD = +3V and TA = +27°C unless stated. Measured on RFFC2071 evaluation board.
Mixer to Mixer Isolation in Full Duplex Mode
LO = RF input + 100MHz
RFFC2071 typical operating current in mA. Full duplex mode (both
mixers enabled) with +3V supply.
100.0
MIX2_IDD
90.0
80.0
Isolation70.0
(dB)
60.0
50.0
MIX_IDD = 4
MIX1_IDD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
121
126
131
136
142
146
151
2
126
131
136
141
147
151
156
3
131
136
141
147
152
156
161
4
136
141
147
152
157
162
167
5
141
146
152
157
162
167
172
6
146
151
156
161
167
171
176
7
151
156
161
166
171
176
181
40.0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
RF Input Frequency (MHz)
DS140110
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21 of 23
RFFC2071/2072
Package Drawing
QFN, 32-pin, 5mm x 5mm
22 of 23
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support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
DS140110
RFFC2071/2072
Ordering Information
DS140110
RFFC2071
Part Number
Description
Devices/Container
RFFC2071SB
RFFC2071SQ
RFFC2071SR
RFFC2071TR7
RFFC2071TR13
DKFC2071
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
Complete Design Kit
5-Piece sample bag
25-Piece sample bag
100-Piece reel
750-Piece reel
2500-Piece reel
1 Box
Part Number
Description
Devices/Container
RFFC2072SB
RFFC2072SQ
RFFC2072SR
RFFC2072TR7
RFFC2072TR13
DKFC2072
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
32-pin QFN
Complete Design Kit
5-Piece sample bag
25-Piece sample bag
100-Piece reel
750-Piece reel
2500-Piece reel
1 Box
RFFC2072
7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical
support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected].
23 of 23