RF2878 3V LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER/ 3V PA DRIVER AMPLIFIER Package Style: SOT 5-Lead Features Low Noise and High Intercept Point Adjustable Bias Current Power Down Control Single 2.5V to 5.0V Power Supply 150MHz to 2500MHz Operation Applications CDMA/FM Cellular PCS LNA Low Noise Transmit Driver Amplifier General Purpose Amplification Commercial and Consumer Systems RF IN 1 GND1 2 VPD 3 5 GND2 4 RF OUT Functional Block Diagram Product Description The RF2878 is a low noise amplifier with a very high dynamic range designed for digital cellular applications. The device functions as an outstanding front end low noise amplifier or power amplifier driver amplifier in the transmit chain of digital subscriber units where low transmit noise power is a concern. When used as an LNA, the bias current can be set externally. When used as a PA driver, the IC can operate directly from a single cell Li-ion battery and includes a power down feature that can be used to completely turn off the device. The IC is featured in a standard SOT 5-lead plastic package. Ordering Information RF2878 RF2878SR RF2878TR7 RF2878PCK-410 GaAs HBT GaAs MESFET InGaP HBT Sample bag with 25 pieces 7" Sample reel with 100 pieces 7" Reel with 2500 pieces 1800MHz to 2170MHz PCBA with 5-piece sample bag Optimum Technology Matching® Applied SiGe BiCMOS Si BiCMOS SiGe HBT GaAs pHEMT Si CMOS Si BJT GaN HEMT RF MEMS RF MICRO DEVICES®, RFMD®, Optimum Technology Matching®, Enabling Wireless Connectivity™, PowerStar®, POLARIS™ TOTAL RADIO™ and UltimateBlue™ are trademarks of RFMD, LLC. BLUETOOTH is a trademark owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc., U.S.A. and licensed for use by RFMD. All other trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2006, RF Micro Devices, Inc. DS111104 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 1 of 14 RF2878 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply Voltage, VCC Rating Unit <5 V Power Down Voltage, VPD <3 V Input RF Level +10 dBm Operating Ambient Temperature -40 to +85 °C Storage Temperature -40 to +150 °C Operating Junction Temperature 150 °C ICC 30 mA Parameter Min. Specification Typ. Max. Caution! ESD sensitive device. Exceeding any one or a combination of the Absolute Maximum Rating conditions may cause permanent damage to the device. Extended application of Absolute Maximum Rating conditions to the device may reduce device reliability. Specified typical performance or functional operation of the device under Absolute Maximum Rating conditions is not implied. RoHS status based on EUDirective2002/95/EC (at time of this document revision). The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by RF Micro Devices, Inc. ("RFMD") for its use, nor for any infringement of patents, or other rights of third parties, resulting from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of RFMD. RFMD reserves the right to change component circuitry, recommended application circuitry and specifications at any time without prior notice. Unit Condition Overall RF Frequency Range 150 2500 MHz Schematic per LNA Application; T=25°C, RF=881MHz, VPD =2.8V, R1=1k Low Noise Amplifier 881MHz Performance Gain Noise Figure Input IP3 20 dB 20 dB VCC =2.7V, ICC =7.5mA dB VCC =3.0V, ICC =7.6mA 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 dB VCC =2.7V, ICC =7.5mA +6.0 dBm VCC =3.0V, ICC =7.6mA +5.5 dBm VCC =2.7V, ICC =7.5mA Low Noise Amplifier 1950MHz Performance Schematic per LNA Application; T=25°C, RF=1950MHz, VPD =2.8V, R1=1k Gain Noise Figure Input IP3 Output IP3 Noise Figure Reverse Isolation 2 of 14 VCC =3.0V, ICC =6.4mA 13 dB 13 dB VCC =2.7V, ICC =6.3mA dB VCC =3.0V, ICC =6.4mA 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 dB VCC =2.7V, ICC =6.3mA +16.5 dBm VCC =3.0V, ICC =6.4mA +16.0 dBm VCC =2.7V, ICC =6.3mA Driver Amplifier 836MHz Performance Gain VCC =3.0V, ICC =7.6mA Schematic per Driver Amplifier Application; T=25°C, RF=836MHz, VPD =2.8V 19.5 20.5 21.5 dB VCC =3.5V 19.5 20.5 21.5 dB VCC =3.0V 19.5 20.5 21.5 dB VCC =2.7V 25 +32.0 35 dBm VCC =3.5V +29.0 dBm VCC =3.0V +27.8 dBm VCC =2.7V 1.9 2.0 dB VCC =3.5V 1.85 2.0 dB VCC =3.0V 1.8 2.0 dB VCC =2.7V 25 dB VCC =3.5V 25 dB VCC =3.0V 25 dB VCC =2.7V 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS111104 RF2878 Specification Typ. Max. Input VSWR 1.8:1 2.0:1 Output VSWR 1.25:1 2.0:1 Parameter Min. Unit Condition Driver Amplifier 836MHz Performance, cont. P1dB Using External LC network used on evaluation board. 14.4 dBm VCC =3.5V 12.5 dBm VCC =3.0V 11.5 dBm VCC =2.7V 3.5 V Power Supply T = 25 °C Voltage (VCC) Voltage (VPD) Current Consumption Driver Amplifier (see note 1) 2.8 14.0 21.5 Power Down V 29.0 mA 10 A Driver Amplifier 1880MHz Performance Output IP3 Noise Figure Reverse Isolation 14.0 dB VCC =3.5V 14.0 dB VCC =3.0V 14.0 dB VCC =2.7V +35.0 dBm VCC =3.5V +31.0 dBm VCC =3.0V +28.8 dBm VCC =2.7V VCC =3.5V 1.85 2.0 dB 1.8 2.0 dB VCC =3.0V 1.75 2.0 dB VCC =2.7V 19 dB VCC =3.5V 19 dB VCC =3.0V dB VCC =2.7V 19 Input VSWR 1.6:1 2.0:1 Output VSWR 1.6:1 2.0:1 Using External LC network used on evaluation board. 14 15.6 dBm 13 14.1 dBm VCC =3.0V 12 13.1 dBm VCC =2.7V 3.5 V Power Supply Voltage (VPD) Power Down VCC =3.5V T = 25 °C Voltage (VCC) Current Consumption Driver Amplifier (see note 2) VCC =3.5V; VPD 0.9 V Schematic per Driver Amplifier Application; T=25°C, RF=1880MHz, VPD =2.8V Gain P1dB VCC =3.5V; VPD =2.8V 2.8 14 21 V 29 mA VCC =3.5V; VPD =2.8V 10 A VCC =3.5V; VPD 0.9 V Note 1: Current consumption shown for ICC only. IPD typical=2.0mA with VPD =2.8V DS111104 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 3 of 14 RF2878 Pin 1 Function RF IN Description Interface Schematic RF input pin. This pin is DC coupled and matched to 50 at 836 MHz. To Bias Circuit RF OUT RF IN 2 GND1 3 VPD Ground connection. Keep traces physically short and connect immediately to ground plane for best performance. For low noise amplifier applications, this pin is used to control the bias current. See plots for bias current settings. An external resistor (R1) can be used to set the bias current for any VPD voltage. PD For driver amplifier applications, this is the Power Down pin for the IC. VPD =2.8V +/0.1V is required for proper operation. VPD< 0.9V turns off the Part. External RF bypassing is required. The trace length between the pin and the bypass capacitors should be minimized. The ground side of the bypass capacitors should connect immediately to ground plane. Nominal current required for VPD =2.8V is 2.0mA typical and 3.0mA Max (@ VPD =2.9V). 4 RF OUT 5 GND2 Amplifier Output pin. This pin is an open-collector output. It must be biased to either VCC or pin 4 through a choke or matching inductor. This pin is typically matched to 50 with a shunt bias/matching inductor and series blocking/matching capacitor. Refer to application schematics. Ground connection. Keep traces physically short and connect immediately to ground plane for best performance. Package Drawing -A1.14±.15 1.60±.10 .15 .05 .520 .360 TYP 10° TYP 2.90±.10 .950 1.44 1.04 2.80±.20 3°MAX 0°MIN .127 TYP .45±.10 Notes: 1.Shaded Lead is Pin 1. 2.Dimensions do not influde mold flash, protrusions or burrs. 3.:ead Dimensions include solder plating. 4.Foot Length measured reference to flat foot surface parallel to datum “A”. 5.Package is die down configuration. 4 of 14 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS111104 RF2878 Application Schematic: 350MHz LNA 22 nF J1 RF IN 1 5 2 4 pF 1 k VPD VCC=3.5V, VPC=2.8V ICC=7mA Gain=25.5dB NF=1.75dB IIP3=-4.5dBm S11=-2.8dB S22=-10.4dB 3 10 nF J2 RF OUT 4 220 pF 39 nH VCC 220 pF 10 nF Application Schematic: 350MHz Linear Driver 50 strip J1 RF IN C3 22 nF 1 5 56 nH 2 VPD R1 0 3 C1 10 nF C2 220 pF VCC=3.5V, VPC=2.7V ICC=20mA Gain=26dB OIP3=27.5dBm OP1dB=13.8dBm S11=S22=-14dB 50 strip 4 510 4.3 pF 50 strip J2 RF OUT 39 nH VCC C5 220 pF DS111104 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. C6 10 nF 5 of 14 RF2878 Application Schematic: 1200MHz to 1600MHz Driver (set resistance at VPD=1000 for LNA) 22 nF J1 RF IN 1 5 2 VPD 1.5 pF 0 10 nF VCC=3.5V, VPC=2.7V ICC=21mA Gain=17dB to 14.2dB from 1200MHz to 1600MHz S11=-8.7dB to -23dB from 1200MHz to 1600MHz S22=-14.5dB to -8.1dB from 1200MHz to 1600MHz 3 J2 RF OUT 4 100 pF 6.8 nH VCC 100 pF 10 nF Application Schematic: 1800MHz to 2170MHz Linear Driver (set resistance at VPD=1000 for LNA) 22 nF J1 RF IN 1 5 2 VPD 1 pF 0 10 nF VCC=4V, VPC=2.7V ICC=21mA Gain=13.8dB to 12.3dB from1800MHz to 2170MHz S11=-11dB to -20dB from1800MHz to 2170MHz S22=-11.5dB to -12.5dB from1800MHz to 2170MHz OIP3=36dBmto 34.5dBmfrom1800MHz to 2170MHz OP1dB=16dBm to 17dBmfrom1800MHz to 2170MHz 3 100 pF 2.7 nH **47 dropping R for use with VCC=5V. 5-0.021*47=4V at RF2878 collector 6 of 14 J2 RF OUT 4 **47 100 pF 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. VCC 10 nF DS111104 RF2878 Application Schematic: Low Noise Amplifier ~1950MHz Operation 22 nF J1 RF IN 1 5 2 VPD 1 pF 1k 3 10 nF J2 RF OUT 4 100 pF 3.3 nH VCC 100 pF 10 nF Application Schematic: Driver Amplifier ~1880MHz Operation 22 nF J1 RF IN 1 5 2 VPD 1 pF 0 3 10 nF 100 pF J2 RF OUT 4 3.3 nH VCC 100 pF DS111104 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 10 nF 7 of 14 RF2878 Evaluation Board Schematic: Low Noise Amplifier ~881MHz Operation P1 P1-1 1 VPD 2 GND 3 VCC C7 4.7 F J1 RF IN 50 strip C3 22 nF 1 5 2 VPD R1 1k 3 C1 10 nF 4 C2 220 pF C4 2 pF 50 strip 50 strip L1 12 nH 2361410 Rev- J2 RF OUT VCC C5 220 pF C6 10 nF Evaluation Board Schematic: Driver Amplifier ~836MHz Operation P1 P1-1 1 VPD 2 GND 3 VCC C7 4.7 F J1 RF IN 50 strip C3 22 nF 1 5 2 VPD R1 0 3 C1 10 nF 4 C2 220 pF C4 2 pF 50 strip 50 strip L1 12 nH 2361400 Rev- VCC C5 220 pF 8 of 14 J2 RF OUT 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. C6 10 nF DS111104 RF2878 Evaluation Board Layout - 900MHz Driver Board Size 0.948” x 1.063” Board Thickness 0.031”; Board Material FR-4 Evaluation Board Layout - 900MHz LNA DS111104 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 9 of 14 RF2878 Theory of Operation This section will focus on a variety of applications outside the nominal, for the purpose of demonstrating RF2878 versatility. Application schematics pertaining to topics discussed can be found within the data sheet for reference. First, an application for linear driver, covering 1800MHz to 2170MHz. Operating condition: VCC =4V VPD =2.7V ICC =21mA Note 0 value for bias resistor at VPD in the application schematic, set for increased current/IP3. Typical specs are listed along with schematic. VCC =4V contributes to enhanced compression point (16dBm to 17dBm). Junction temperature seen for ambient condition=85°C will be a consideration in setting VCC/VPD. The above biasing condition yields TJ =132°C. Thus, the conditions chosen allow for highly reliable operation while providing impressive linear performance. Using a 5V supply rail is often convenient from a design standpoint. In the 1800MHz to 2170MHz driver application already discussed, VCC =4V is recommended in order to maintain highest reliability. An option for using VCC =5V is shown in the application schematic. Use of a simple dropping resistor at VCC provides 4.0V at output collector, resulting in the suggested device operating condition. Power dissipation in the resistor=0.021 Watt, easily handled by standard resistors available to the system designer. Moving to another application, consider the schematic for 350MHz LNA. Noise figure in this case=1.75dB. In contrast to above linear driver, bias resistor is set at 1000 to limit current. In the specifications next to schematic, see that input return loss is somewhat degraded at 2.8dB. The absence of input matching is intentional, as the integrated circuit design was geared for optimum noise figure with input looking back into 50. Note that in the nominal cases, 881MHz and 1950MHz, input return losses are favorable in the absence of input match. In converting 350MHz LNA to driver, noise figure will no longer be a key specification. As such, RF2878 device s-parameter data can be used to match input for favorable return loss. The resulting driver application schematic is found below that for the LNA. When matching in bands other than those covered here, RF2878 S-parameter data can be obtained through applications/sales contact at RFMD. As a final example, refer to driver application schematic covering 1200MHz to 1600MHz. This match provides favorable return losses over the entire band. In summary, the examples above are intended to aid the system designer in determining suitable matches and device operating points for both LNA and driver applications. Key points to consider: 1. In setting bias condition to accommodate both LNA and driver, the first consideration is choice of bias resistance at VPC. Linearity versus power dissipation trade-offs are taken into account in the driver application. 2. Noise figure versus input return loss trade-off must be considered in the specific case of low frequency LNA application. Driver application here allows for flexibility in optimizing input match for return loss. 3. Higher frequency LNA sees favorable return loss in the absence of input match. Thus, optimization at frequency >800MHz involves matching adjust to output L-C only. 4. Small signal S-parameter simulation proves an excellent method for obtaining starting point matches in the design process. 10 of 14 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS111104 RF2878 Driver Amp 836 MHz ICC versus VPD 26.0 20.92 2.7V Icc (mA) 3.0V Icc (mA) 3.3V Icc (mA) 3.6V Icc (mA) 25.5 25.0 24.5 20.90 20.88 24.0 Driver Amp 836 MHz Gain versus VPD 2.7V Gain (dB) 3.0V Gain (dB) 3.3V Gain (dB) 3.6V Gain (dB) 20.86 Gain (dB) ICC (mA) 23.5 23.0 22.5 22.0 20.84 20.82 20.80 21.5 21.0 20.78 20.5 20.76 20.0 20.74 19.5 19.0 20.72 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.70 2.80 VPD Driver Amp 836 MHz OIP3 versus VPD 33.0 3.00 Driver Amp 836 MHz POUT 1dB versus VPD 15.0 2.7V OIP3 (dBm) 3.0V OIP3 (dBm) 3.3V OIP3 (dBm) 3.6V OIP3 (dBm) 32.0 14.5 2.7V P 1dB (dBm) 3.0V P 1dB (dBm) 3.3V P 1dB (dBm) 3.6V P 1dB (dBm) 14.0 POUT 1dB (dBm) 31.0 OIP3 (dBm) 2.90 VPD 30.0 13.5 13.0 12.5 29.0 12.0 28.0 11.5 27.0 11.0 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 VPD 2.05 2.00 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 VPD Driver Amp 836 MHz Noise Figure versus VPD 2.7V NF (dB) 3.0V NF (dB) 3.3V NF (dB) 3.6V NF (dB) NF (dB) 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 VPD DS111104 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 11 of 14 RF2878 Low Noise Amplifier 881 MHz Gain versus ICC 19.95 2.7V Gain (dB) 3.0V Gain (dB) 3.3V Gain (dB) 3.6V Gain (dB) 19.90 Low Noise Amplifier 881 MHz OIP3 versus ICC 29.0 2.7V OIP3 (dBm) 3.0V OIP3 (dBm) 3.3V OIP3 (dBm) 3.6V OIP3 (dBm) 28.5 28.0 19.85 27.5 OIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) 19.80 19.75 19.70 27.0 26.5 26.0 25.5 19.65 25.0 19.60 24.5 19.55 6.00 24.0 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 ICC Low Noise Amplifier 881 MHz IIP3 versus ICC 9.0 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 9.5 10.0 Low Noise Amplifier 881 MHz POUT 1dB versus ICC 13.5 2.7V IIP3 (dBm) 3.0V IIP3 (dBm) 3.3V IIP3 (dBm) 3.6V IIP3 (dBm) 8.5 8.0 ICC (mA) 2.7V Pout 1dB (dBm) 3.0V Pout 1dB (dBm) 3.3V Pout 1dB (dBm) 3.6V Pout 1dB (dBm) 13.0 12.5 POUT 1dB (dBm) IIP3 (dBm) 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 12.0 11.5 11.0 5.5 10.5 5.0 10.0 4.5 4.0 9.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 ICC (mA) 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 ICC (mA) Low Noise Amplifier 881 MHz Noise Figure versus ICC 1.42 2.7V NF (dB) 3.0V NF (dB) 3.3V NF (dB) 3.6V NF (dB) 1.41 1.40 NF (dB) 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.33 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 ICC 12 of 14 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS111104 RF2878 PCB Design Requirements PCB Surface Finish The PCB surface finish used for RFMD's qualification process is electroless nickel, immersion gold. Typical thickness is 3inch to 8inch gold over 180inch nickel. PCB Land Pattern Recommendation PCB land patterns are based on IPC-SM-782 standards when possible. The pad pattern shown has been developed and tested for optimized assembly at RFMD; however, it may require some modifications to address company specific assembly processes. The PCB land pattern has been developed to accommodate lead and package tolerances. PCB Metal Land Pattern A = 0.70 x 1.00 (mm) Typ. Dimensions in mm. Pin 5 Pin 1 A A 0.95 Typ. 1.90 Typ. A A A 2.60 Figure 1. PCB Metal Land Pattern (Top View) DS111104 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. 13 of 14 RF2878 PCB Solder Mask Pattern Liquid Photo-Imageable (LPI) solder mask is recommended. The solder mask footprint will match what is shown for the PCB metal land pattern with a 2mil to 3mil expansion to accommodate solder mask registration clearance around all pads. The center-grounding pad shall also have a solder mask clearance. Expansion of the pads to create solder mask clearance can be provided in the master data or requested from the PCB fabrication supplier. A = 0.90 x 1.20 (mm) Typ. Dimensions in mm. Pin 5 Pin 1 A A 0.95 Typ. 1.90 Typ. A A A 2.60 Figure 2. PCB Solder Mask (Top View) RoHS* Banned Material Content RoHS Compliant: Yes Package total weight in grams (g): 0.014 Compliance Date Code: NA Bill of Materials Revision: - Pb Free Category: Bill of Materials e3 Parts Per Million (PPM) Pb Cd Hg Cr VI PBB PBDE Die 0 0 0 0 0 0 Molding Compound 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lead Frame 0 0 0 0 0 0 Die Attach Epoxy 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wire 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solder Plating 0 0 0 0 0 0 This RoHS banned material content declaration was prepared solely on information, including analytical data, provided to RFMD by its suppliers, and applies to the Bill of Materials (BOM) revision noted above. * DIRECTIVE 2002/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment 14 of 14 7628 Thorndike Road, Greensboro, NC 27409-9421 · For sales or technical support, contact RFMD at (+1) 336-678-5570 or [email protected]. DS111104