application note SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Introduction Biasing The SKY65050-372LF is a high performance, low noise, n-channel, depletion mode pHEMT, fabricated from Skyworks advanced pHEMT process and packaged in a miniature 4-lead SC-70 package. The SKY65050 has a nominal noise figure of 0.65 dB (including input RF matching network loss) and a gain of 14 dB at 2.4 GHz. By changing external tuning components the SKY65050 can be used for many different applications ranging from 850 MHz up to 6 GHz. The easiest and preferred method to bias the SKY65050 is by using a self-biasing resistor between the source lead and ground. This method eliminates the need for a second DC voltage supply and reduces board space and the number of external components. When current flows from drain to source through the resistor, the source voltage becomes biased above DC ground. The gate pin of the device should be left unbiased at 0 VDC, thus creating the desired negative VGS value. This application note describes how to properly tune the SKY65050 for optimal noise figure and gain performance and provides suggested tuning networks for commonly used frequency bands. For optimal noise performance, IDS should be set to about 15 mA with a 27 W resistor. VDS can range anywhere between 2 V and 5 V without affecting noise performance and device reliability. Increasing IDS will increase the device noise figure, but will also increase P1 dB and third order distortion performance. Evaluation Board The SKY65050 evaluation board is produced using 10 mil thick Rogers 4350B material. This ensures excellent board performance up to 6 GHz. FR-4 material may be used for lower frequency applications to reduce manufacturing costs. Low cost 0402 sized surface mount components are used to simplify handling and lower the overall cost of using the device. With the exception of the input high Q inductors, 0201 surface mount components may be used to further reduce component parasitics and overall footprint. Parasitic losses through the input traces and matching networks directly add to the overall measured noise figure. Excess trace length and component spacing should be eliminated to ensure the lowest possible noise figure The PCB layout should be incorporated into circuit designs to ensure the accuracy between simulation and real world performance. Skyworks Solutions provides a circuit model, de-embedded scattering parameters, and noise parameters. LNA Design Input The input match largely dictates the overall noise figure of the device. For a wideband noise and input match, a shunt inductor and a series inductor are used. High Q Coilcraft CS series wirewound inductors are used to minimize circuit loss. A high Q, low value DC block capacitor should be used on the input as well for optimal noise performance. Components with lower Qs may be used but may increase noise figure as a result. For lower frequency operation, a small value feedback capacitor connected from gate to source is used. This capacitor shifts the frequency of operation down. This eliminates the need to use high value, lossy input inductors on the input to shift the frequency of operation. The Skyworks evaluation board is primarily designed for the 2.4 GHz RF matching network. Subtle changes will need to be made in order to properly accommodate the matching networks for other frequencies. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200975 Rev. A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • November 3, 2008 1 application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Source Inductance Output The SKY65050 has two source leads that must be well grounded for proper RF performance. The amount of source inductance has a large effect on in and out of band stability and gain. Adding source inductance to the device will improve low frequency stability and return loss, but at the expense of gain and high frequency stability. If too much source inductance is added high frequency gain peaking will occur and input return loss will become positive, indicating potentially unstable operation. The output matching topology is typical for a RF amplifier consisting of an RF choke inductor and a DC blocking capacitor to isolate VDD and the RF output from each other. For the 2.4 GHz RF matching network, the source length lead should be approximately 25 mils. This length provides about 14 dB gain while still maintaining wideband stability. The source lead length should be increased for lower frequencies and decreased for higher frequencies. Adding the correct amount of source inductance will prevent oscillations at high frequencies. Resistive loading on the output can further improve stability, but at the cost of degraded output power and linearity. A small series or shunt resistor in the drain circuit will improve broadband stability. A low value shunt capacitor on the drain can also help remove high frequency instabilities. Conclusions The SKY65050 provides a low cost, high performance solution where sub 1 dB noise performance and high gain is required. Through the use of external components the device can be easily used for frequencies between 850 MHz and 6 GHz. Figure 1. Skyworks Evaluation Board 2 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com November 3, 2008 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • 200975 Rev. A application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation C6 SKY65050 L2 RF IN C4 L3 C1 RF OUT R2 C3 L1 C7 C2 C5 R1 L4 C8 VDD Figure 2. Recommended Schematic for 900 MHz Operation Table 1. Recommended Components for 900 MHz Operation Component Value Size Manufacturer Part Number Notes C1 30 pF 0402 Johanson 250R07S300JV4T High Q C2 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C3 0.5 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R5BV4T High Q C4 15 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S150JV4T High Q C5 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C6 0.2 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R2BV4T High Q C7 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D Place approx. 30 mils (0.762 mm) from pin 3 C8 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D L1 9 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-9N0XJL High Q L2 12 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-12N0XJL High Q L3 12 nH 0402 TDK MLG1005S12NJ L4 27 nH 0402 TDK MLG1005S27NJ R1 27 W 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF27R0 R2 150 W 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF1500 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200975 Rev. A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • November 3, 2008 3 application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation C6 SKY65050 L2 RF IN C4 L3 C1 RF OUT R2 C3 L1 C7 C2 C5 R1 L4 C8 VDD Figure 3. Recommended Schematic for 1 GHz Operation Table 2. Recommended Components for 1 GHz Operation 4 Component Value Size Manufacturer Part Number Notes C1 30 pF 0402 Johanson 250R07S300JV4T High Q C2 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C3 0.5 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R5BV4T High Q C4 15 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S150JV4T High Q C5 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C6 0.2 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R2BV4T High Q C7 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D Place approx. 30 mils (0.762 mm) from pin 3 C8 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D L1 7.5 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-7N5XJL High Q L2 8.2 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-8N2XJL High Q L3 12 nH 0402 TDK MLG1005S12NJ L4 27 nH 0402 TDK MLG1005S27NJ R1 27 W 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF27R0 R2 150 W 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF1500 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com November 3, 2008 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • 200975 Rev. A application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation SKY65050 C6 C8 L2 RF IN C1 RF OUT C4 L3 R2 C3 L1 C7 C2 C5 R1 VDD Figure 4. Recommended Schematic for 1.55 GHz Operation Table 3. Recommended Components for 1.55 GHz Operation Component Value Size Manufacturer Part Number Notes C1 30 pF 0402 Johanson 250R07S300JV4T High Q C2 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C3 0.3 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R3BV4T High Q C4 15 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S150JV4T High Q C5 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C6 0.5 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R5BV4T High Q C7 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D Place approx. 30 mils (0.762 mm) from pin 3 C8 0.7 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R7BV4T High Q, Placed 100 mils (2.54 mm) from R2 L1 5.6 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-5N6XJL High Q L2 3.3 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-3N3XJL High Q L3 8.2 nH 0402 TDK MLG1005S8N2J R1 27 Ω 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF27R0 R2 180 Ω 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF1800 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200975 Rev. A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • November 3, 2008 5 application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation SKY65050 L2 C4 C3 RF IN L3 C1 RF OUT R2 L1 C7 C2 C6 R1 C5 L4 C8 VDD Figure 5. Recommended Schematic for 2.4 GHz Operation Table 4. Recommended Components for 2.4 GHz Operation 6 Component Value Size Manufacturer Part Number Notes C1 33 pF 0201 Johanson 250R05L330JV4SK High Q C2 1000 pF 0201 Murata GRM033R71E102KA01 C3 0.5 pF 0201 Murata GRM0335C1ER50C C4 15 pF 0201 Murata GRM0335C1E150JD01 C5 DNP - - C6 1000 pF 0201 Murata GRM033R71E102KA01 C7 1000 pF 0201 Murata GRM033R71E102KA01 C8 1000 pF 0201 Murata GRM033R71E102KA01 L1 3.3 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-3N3XJL High Q L2 1.8 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-1N8XJL High Q L3 3.6 nH 0201 TDK MLG0603S3N6C L4 27 nH 0201 TDK MLG0603S27NJ R1 27 W 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF27R0 R2 180 W 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF1800 Place approx. 25 mils (0.635 mm) from pin 3 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com November 3, 2008 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • 200975 Rev. A application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation SKY65050 C4 C3 RF IN L2 C1 RF OUT R2 L1 C7 C5 R1 VDD Figure 6. Recommended Schematic for 3.5 GHz Operation Table 5. Recommended Components for 3.5 GHz Operation Component Value Size Manufacturer Part Number Notes C1 30 pF 0402 Johanson 250R07S300JV4T High Q C2 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C3 0.3 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S0R3BV4T High Q C4 15 pF 0402 Johanson 500R07S150JV4T High Q C5 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C6 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C7 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D C8 1000 pF 0402 Murata GRM1555C1H102JA01D L1 2.2 nH 0402 Coilcraft 0402CS-2N2XJL L2 1.8 nH 0402 TDK MLG1005S1N8J R1 27 Ω 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF27R0 R2 180 Ω 0201 Panasonic ERJ1GEF1800 Place approx. 5 mils (0.127 mm) from pin 3 Placed approx. 20 mils (0.508 mm) from pin 4, High Q Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200975 Rev. A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • November 3, 2008 7 application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Typical Performance Characteristics 0 0 -1 -2 -2 -4 Output Return Loss (dB) Input Return Loss (dB) VDD = 3 V, Z0 = 50 W, IDD = 16 mA, T = 25 °C, includes 900 MHz matching network, unless otherwise noted -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -18 -10 -20 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 300 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 Figure 7. input return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 10. output return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 16 Noise Figure (dB) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 750 Figure 8. output return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 20 19 -20 18 -30 17 -40 16 Gain (dB) 0 -50 -60 13 12 -90 11 900 1100 1300 1150 1250 14 -80 700 1050 15 -70 500 950 Figure 11. noise Figure vs. Frequency, input rF connector loss De-embedded from measurement -10 -100 300 850 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Reverse Isolation (dB) 700 Frequency (MHz) 18 1500 1700 Fequency (MHz) Figure 9. input return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 8 500 Frequency (MHz) 20 Gain (dB) -6 10 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 Input Power (dBm) Figure 12. Gain vs. input power, F = 900 mHz Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com November 3, 2008 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • 200975 Rev. A application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Typical Performance Characteristics 0 0 -1 -2 -2 -4 Output Return Loss (dB) Input Return Loss (dB) VDD = 3 V, Z0 = 50 W, IDD = 16 mA, T = 25 °C, includes 1 GHz matching network, unless otherwise noted -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 -14 -16 1700 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 13. input return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 16. ouput return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 20 1.4 18 1.2 Noise Figure (dB) 16 14 Gain (dB) -12 -20 300 12 10 8 6 4 0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 2 0 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 14. Small Signal Gain vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 17. noise Figure vs. Frequency, input rF connector loss De-embedded from measurement 0 20 -10 19 18 -20 17 -30 Gain (dB) Reverse Isolation (dB) -8 -10 -18 -10 -40 -50 -80 16 15 14 13 -60 12 -70 11 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 Frequency (MHz) Figure 15. reverse isolation vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 -6 10 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 Input Power (dBm) Figure 18. Gain vs. input power, F = 1 GHz Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200975 Rev. A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • November 3, 2008 9 application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Typical Performance Characteristics 0 0 -1 -2 -2 -4 Output Return Loss (dB) Input Return Loss (dB) VDD = 3 V, Z0 = 50 W, IDD = 16 mA, T = 25 °C, includes 1.55 GHz matching network, unless otherwise noted -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -18 -20 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 19. input return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 22. output return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 1.4 20 18 1.2 16 Noise Figure (dB) 14 Gain (dB) 12 10 8 6 4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 2 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 20. Small Signal Gain vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 23. noise Figure vs. Frequency, input rF connector loss De-embedded from measurement 0 20 -10 19 -20 18 -30 17 Gain (dB) Reverse Isolation (dB) 0 -40 -50 -60 16 15 14 13 -70 12 -80 11 -90 10 1.0 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 10 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 Frequency (MHz) Input Power (dBm) Figure 21. reverse isolation vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 24. Gain vs. input power, F = 1.55 GHz Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com November 3, 2008 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • 200975 Rev. A application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Typical Performance Characteristics VDD = 3 V, Z0 = 50 W, IDD = 16 mA, T = 25 °C, includes 2.4 GHz matching network, unless otherwise noted -40 °C +25 °C +85 °C -2 -2 -4 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 2000 2200 2400 2600 -20 1800 2800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 25. input return loss vs. Frequency for multiple temperatures, pin = -20 dBm Figure 28. output return loss vs. Frequency for multiple temperatures, pin = -20 dBm 20 -40 °C +25 °C +85 °C 1.4 18 +25 °C +85 °C 1.0 Noise Figure (dB) 14 12 10 8 6 0.8 0.6 0.4 4 0.2 2 0 1800 -40 °C 1.2 16 Gain (dB) +85 °C -18 -20 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 0 2000 2800 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 26. Small Signal Gain vs. Frequency for multiple temperatures, pin = -20 dBm Figure 29. noise Figure vs. Frequency for multiple temperatures, input rF connector loss De-embedded from measurement 0 -40 °C +25 °C +85 °C 16 -5 -15 +25 °C +85 °C 14 -20 -25 -30 13 12 -35 -40 11 -45 -50 1800 -40 °C 15 -10 Gain (dB) Reverse Isolation (dB) +25 °C -6 -18 -40 °C 0 Output Return Loss (dB) Input Return Loss (dB) 0 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 10 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Frequency (MHz) Input Power (dBm) Figure 27. reverse isolation vs. Frequency for multiple temperatures, pin = -20 dBm Figure 30. Gain vs. input power, F = 2.4 GHz Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200975 Rev. A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • November 3, 2008 11 application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Typical Performance Characteristics 0 0 -2 -2 -4 -4 Output Return Loss (dB) Input Return Loss (dB) VDD = 3 V, Z0 = 50 W, IDD = 16 mA, T = 25 °C, includes 3.5 GHz matching network, unless otherwise noted -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 2900 3300 3700 4100 -12 -14 -16 -20 2500 4500 2900 3300 3700 4100 4500 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 31. input return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 34. output return loss vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 16 1.4 14 1.2 Noise Figure (dB) 12 Gain (dB) -8 -10 -18 -18 -20 2500 -6 10 8 6 4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 2 0 2500 1.0 2900 3300 3700 4100 0 3000 4500 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 32. Small Signal Gain vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 35. noise Figure vs. Frequency, input rF connector loss De-embedded from measurement 0 15 14 -20 -30 Gain (dB) Reverse Isolation (dB) -10 -40 -50 -60 -70 13 12 11 -80 -90 2500 12 2900 3300 3700 4100 4500 10 -15 -13 -11 -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 Frequency (MHz) Input Power (dBm) Figure 33. reverse isolation vs. Frequency, dBm pin = -20 Figure 36. Gain vs. input power, F = 3.5 GHz Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com November 3, 2008 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • 200975 Rev. A application note • SKY65050-372LF: Low Noise Amplifier Operation Copyright © 2008, Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is provided in connection with Skyworks Solutions, Inc. (“Skyworks”) products or services. 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Customers are responsible for their products and applications using Skyworks products, which may deviate from published specifications as a result of design defects, errors, or operation of products outside of published parameters or design specifications. Customers should include design and operating safeguards to minimize these and other risks. Skyworks assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, or damage to any equipment resulting from the use of Skyworks products outside of stated published specifications or parameters. Skyworks, the Skyworks symbol, and “Breakthrough Simplicity” are trademarks or registered trademarks of Skyworks Solutions, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Third-party brands and names are for identification purposes only, and are the property of their respective owners. Additional information, including relevant terms and conditions, posted at www.skyworksinc.com, are incorporated by reference. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200975 Rev. A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • November 3, 2008 13