DATA SHEET SKY73103-11: 1460-1665 MHz High Performance VCO/Synthesizer With Integrated Switch Applications Description x 2G, 2.5G, and 3G base station transceivers: GSM, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA Skyworks SKY73103-11 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)/Synthesizer is a fully integrated, high performance signal source for high dynamic range transceivers. The device provides ultra-fine frequency resolution, fast switching speed, and low phase noise performance for 2G, 2.5G, and 3G base station transceivers. x General purpose RF systems Features The SKY73103-11 VCO/Synthesizer is a key building block for high-performance radio system designs that require low power and a fine step size. Reference clock generators with an output frequency up to 52 MHz can be used with the SKY73103-11. The input clock frequency is divided down by programmable dividers (1 to 8) for the synthesizer. The phase detector can operate at a maximum speed of 26 MHz, which allows better phase noise due to the lower division value. x Wideband frequency operation: 1460 to 1665 MHz x Process-tolerant compensation for VCO x 24-bit 6' fractional-N synthesizer x Ultra-fine frequency resolution of 0.001 ppm x Flexible reference frequency selection x Three-wire serial interface up to 20 MHz clock frequency The SKY73103-11 VCO/Synthesizer is provided in a compact, 38pin Multi-Chip Module (MCM). The device package and pinout are shown in Figure 1. A functional block diagram is shown in Figure 2. Signal pin assignments and functional pin descriptions are provided in Table 1. x Integrated PLL supply regulation for spur isolation x MCM (38-pin, 9 x 12 mm) SMT package (MSL3, 260 qC per JEDEC J-STD-020) N/C GND GND GND 36 GND 37 GND GND 38 VDD GND Skyworks offers lead (Pb)-free, RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliant packaging. 35 34 33 32 31 30 GND 1 29 GND 2 28 GND GND 3 27 N/C SW_EN 4 26 GND GND 5 25 GND GND 6 24 GND GND 7 23 FREF GND 8 22 LD GND 9 21 N/C 20 GND 16 GND GND 17 18 19 LE 15 CLK 14 DATA 13 N/C GND 12 GND 10 11 GND RF_OUT GND S958 Figure 1. SKY73103-11 Pinout– 38-Pin MCM Package (Top View) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 1 Vtune Varactor DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Z = 1:4 VCO Out + Lr Cal 2 Lr 2 2 Buffer RF Output VCO Out – SW_EN SR Out + 7 SR Out – 2 Vtune cap [6:0] PLL Low Pass Filter Flag FREF SP1 SC1 R1 Divider RF PFD RF Charge Pump CLK LE DAT 3-Wire Serial Interface CPO RF R1 N PS RFIN P/P+1 Prescaler N Divider 7 RFINB Mux (LD/Test) LD FN ΔΣ Modulator Divide-by-2 ME Digital Coarse Calibration cap [6:0] 7 Calibration Complete S1040 Figure 2. SKY73103-11 Functional Block Diagram Table 1. SKY73103-11 Signal Descriptions Pin # Name Description Pin # Name Description 1 GND Ground 20 GND Ground 2 GND Ground 21 N/C No connection 3 GND Ground 22 LD Lock detect output 4 SW_EN Synthesizer RF output switch enable 23 FREF Frequency reference input 5 GND Ground 24 GND Ground 6 GND Ground 25 GND Ground 7 GND Ground 26 GND Ground 8 GND Ground 27 N/C No connection 9 GND Ground 28 GND Ground 10 RF_OUT Synthesizer output 29 GND Ground 11 GND Ground 30 GND Ground 12 GND Ground 31 GND Ground 13 GND Ground 32 GND Ground 14 N/C No connection 33 N/C No connection 15 GND Ground 34 GND Ground 16 GND Ground 35 GND Ground 17 CLK Serial port clock 36 GND Ground 18 DATA Serial port data 37 VDD +5 V power supply 19 LE Serial port latch enable 38 GND Ground Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 2 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Technical Description The SKY73103-11 is a fractional-N frequency synthesizer using a 6'modulation technique. The fractional-N implementation provides low in-band noise by having a low division and fast frequency settling time. The device also provides programmable, arbitrary fine frequency resolution. This compensates the frequency synthesizer for crystal frequency drift. Serial I/O Control Interface The SKY73103-11 is programmed through a three-wire serial bus control interface. The three-wire interface consists of three signals: CLK (pin 17), LE (pin 19), and the bit serial data line DATA (pin 18). A serial data input timing diagram is shown in Figure 3. Timing parameter values are provided in Table 2. Although the SKY73103-11 uses a 5 V DC supply, the internal voltage regulator has a 3.3 V output for the Phase Locked Loop (PLL). Therefore, the input DC voltage for the CLK, DATA, and LE signals should be set ≤3.3 V. Figure 4 depicts the serial bus, which consists of one 26-bit load register and four separate 24-bit hold registers. Data is initially clocked into the load register starting with the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and ending with the Least Significant Bit (LSB). The LE signal is used to gate the clock to the load register, requiring the LE signal to be brought low before the data load. Data is shifted on the rising edge of CLK. The falling edge of LE latches the data into the appropriate hold register from the load register. This programming sequence must be repeated to fill all four hold registers. The specific hold register addresses are determined by the wd_0 and wd_1 parameters in the load register. These are the two LSBs (bits [1:0]) as shown in Figure 4. Table 3 lists the four hold registers and their respective addresses as determined in the load register. The contents of each word in the load register are used to program the four hold registers described in Tables 4 through 7. The dpll_ctrl parameter (bits [19:2] of Word 1) programs the Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) block. Each of the 18 bits that comprise the dpll_ctrl parameter map directly to the signal ports on the DPLL block as shown in Table 8 (except for the dpll_flag_override and dpll_flag_value parameters). Loading new data into a hold register not associated with the synthesizer frequency programming does not reset or change the synthesizer. The synthesizer should not lose lock before, during, or after a new serial word load that does not change the programmed frequency. VCO Auto-Tuning Loop An auto-tuning loop provides the proper 7-bit coarse tuning setting for the switch capacitors in the VCO tank circuits. This sets the oscillation frequency as close to target as possible before starting fine analog tuning. The auto-tuning loop is designed to compensate for process variation so that the VCO fine tuning range can be reduced to cover minor variations only. The auto-tuning loop reduces VCO gain (KV), which reduces the VCO phase noise. The loop includes an analog part and a digital part (referred to as the DPLL). The analog part includes the VCO, a high-speed divider, and a VCO tuning voltage control block. The high-speed divider consists of the prescaler (divide by 16/17 or divide by 8/9) followed by an additional divide-by-2 block to generate the low frequency internal signal, vco_clk. There are two conditions that enable the VCO auto-tuning function: a Power-On-Reset (POR) and a change in frequency. The difference in the program flow under each of these conditions is illustrated in Figure 5. Under either condition, dpll_en (bit [20] of Word 1) should first be cleared so that a rising edge pulse can be generated. Following this pulse, set dpll_en to enable VCO autotuning. A POR timing diagram is shown in Figure 6. Auto-tuning details in the frequency and time domains for the VCO are shown in Figure 7. DATA tDHD tDSU tCKH tCKL CLK tCLE tLEC tLEW LE S1053 Figure 3. SKY73103-11 Serial Data Input Timing Diagram (MSB First) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 3 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Table 2. CLK, DATA, LE Timing Parameters Parameter Value Input high voltage (VIH) 1.6 V Input low voltage (VIL) 0.3 V Input current (lDIG) 1 PA (maximum) Clock frequency 15 MHz (maximum) Clock high (tCKH) 15 ns (minimum) Clock low (tCKL) 15 ns (minimum) Data set up (tDSU) 20 ns (minimum) Data hold (tDHD) 10 ns (minimum) Clock to latch enable (tCLE) 20 ns (minimum) Latch enable width (tLEW) 15 ns (minimum) Latch enable to clock (tLEC) 15 ns (minimum) Word length 26 bits Number of words 4 Current drain 2 PA Power-On Preset CLK DATA Load Register Bits [25:2] (Words 0-3, bits [25:0]) Operation Mode Register Latch Word 0 Bits [25:2] Word 1 Bits [25:2] Frequency Auto Calibration Control Register Control 1 Register Latch Latch Word 2 Bits [25:2] Frequency Control 2 Register Word 3 Bits [25:2] Latch Words 0-3 Bits [1:0] LE 2 LSB Decode (Register Address, Bits [1:0]) S918 Figure 4. Serial Bus Block Diagram Table 3. SKY73103-11 Hold Registers and Addresses Hold Register Name Operation Mode Hold Register Address (Binary) in Load Register Words Bit [1] Bit [0] 0 0 Auto Calibration Control 0 1 Frequency Control 1 1 0 Frequency Control 2 1 1 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 4 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Table 4. Load Register Word 0 (Programs the Operation Mode Register) (1 of 2) Parameter Function wd_0, wd_1 Address bits [1:0]. Must be set to 00b (see Table 3) cp_output Charge pump setting [4:2] State Description Recommended Operational Value (Binary) 00 Application dependent (see Table 11) Bits [4:2]: 0 0 0 = 200 PA 0 0 1 = 400 PA 0 1 0 = 600 PA 0 1 1 = 800 PA 1 0 0 = 1000 PA 1 0 1 = 1200 PA 1 1 0 = 1400 PA 1 1 1 = 1600 PA cp_delay Charge pump delay [6:5] 00 Bits [6:5]: 0 0 = 2 nsec 0 1 = 4 nsec 1 0 = 7 nsec 1 1 = 9 nsec pd_polar Polarity of phase detector [7] Bit [7]: 0 0 = negative 1 = positive cp_tristate Tri-state selection for the transmit PLL charge pump output [8] Bit [8]: 0 0 = charge pump in normal functional mode 1 = charge pump disabled/tri-stated rsvd Reserved [9] Reserved sd_sel Internal operating voltage control bit for 6' synthesizer [10] Bit [12] Bit [11] Bit [10]: N-Cntr/R-Divider Voltage Note: this bit needs to be programmed together with bits [11] and [12]. nr_sel Internal operating voltage control bit for Ncounter and R-divider [11] pll_en Internal operating voltage control bit for PLL [12] 0 1 1 1 1 0 X 0 0 1 1 X 0 1 0 1 = = = = = 0V 1.8 V 1.8 V 2.4 V 2.4 V Mod Dig Voltage 100 0V 1.8 V 2.4 V 1.8 V 2.4 V This bit needs to be programmed together with bits [10] and [12]. – This bit needs to be programmed together with bits [10] and [11]. – See sd_sel parameter (bit [10]) See sd_sel parameter (bit [10]) ref_bw_sel Reference buffer bandwidth [14:13] Bits [14:13]: 0 0 = 20 MHz 0 1 = 30 MHz 1 0 = 40 MHz 1 1 = 50 MHz test_mux Lock detect and diagnostic output select [17:15] Bits [17:15]: Application dependent (see Table 11) 000 0 0 0 = lock detect output 0 0 1 = R-divider output 0 1 0 = N-divider output 0 1 1 = not used 1 0 0 = not used 1 0 1 = not used 1 1 0 = not used 1 1 1 = DPLL test Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 5 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Table 4. Load Register Word 0 (Programs the Operation Mode Register) (2 of 2) Parameter Function State Description Recommended Operational Value (Binary) rsvd Reserved [20:18] Reserved 000 pre_curr_sel Prescaler current bias [22:21] Bits [22:21]: 00 0 0 = 20 PA 0 1 = 22 PA 1 0 = 24 PA 1 1 = 26 PA prescale_sel Prescaler mode select [23] Bit [23]: Application dependent (see Table 11) 0 = Prescaler in 8/9 divide mode 1 = Prescaler in 16/17 divide mode rsvd Reserved [25:24] Reserved 00 Table 5. Load Register Word 1 (Programs the Auto Calibration Control Register) Parameter wd_0, wd_1 Function State Description Recommended Operational Value (Binary) Address bits [1:0]. Must be set to 01b (see Table 3) 01 dpll_ctrl DPLL control [19:2] Refer to Table 8 dpll_en VCO auto tuning enable flag [20] 0 = disable VCO auto tuning 1 = enable VCO auto tuning – rsvd Reserved [25:21] Reserved Refer to Figure 5 00000 Table 6. Load Register Word 2 (Programs the Frequency Control 1 Register) (1 of 2) Parameter Function wd_0, wd_1 Address bits [1:0]. Must be set to 10b (see Table 3) rdiv Reference divider ratio [3:2] State Description Recommended Operational Value (Binary) 10 Application dependent (see Table 11) Bits [3:2]: 00=8 01=4 10=2 11=1 rsvd Reserved [5:4] Reserved ndiv N-divider/prescaler mode for control of M and A counters [15:6] Bits [15:6]: – Bits [15:10] Bits [9:6] M bits [5:0] M bits [5:0] A bits [3:0] = use 16/17 prescaler A bits [2:0] = use 8/9 prescaler Application dependent Note: The six MSBs of ndiv denote the M counter value and the four LSBs denote the A counter value. For the 8/9 prescaler mode, the A counter value requires only three bits. Therefore, bit [9] of ndiv is a “don’t care” bit. rsvd Reserved [16] Reserved Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 6 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D 0 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Table 6. Load Register Word 2 (Programs the Frequency Control 1 Register) (2 of 2) Parameter mod_reset_f Function Modulator reset/fractional mode select [17] State Description Recommended Operational Value (Binary) Bit [17]: 1 0 = modulator is reset or disabled 1 = modulator is in fractional mode fract_int_sel Fractional/integer mode select [18] Bit [18]: 1 0 = modulator is in integer mode 1 = modulator is in functional mode rsvd Reserved [19] Reserved. This bit should always remain set (logic high). me Modulus extender [23:20] These four bits need to be programmed together with bits [12:2] of Word 3. Bits [23:20] represent the four LSBs ([3:0]) of the 15-bit modulus extender value (ME [14:0]). Refer to the Synthesizer Programming section of this Data Sheet for further information. rsvd Reserved [25:24] Reserved 1 Application dependent 00 Table 7. Load Register Word 3 (Programs the Frequency Control 2 Register) Parameter Function State Description Recommended Operational Value (Binary) wd_0, wd_1 Address bits [1:0]. Must be set to 11b (see Table 3) 11 me Modulus extender [12:2] These 11 bits need to be programmed together with bits [23:20] of Word 2. Bits [12:2] represent the 11 MSBs ([14:4]) of the 15-bit modulus extender value (ME [14:0]). Refer to the Synthesizer Programming section of this Data Sheet for further information. Application dependent fn Fractional divisor code [20:13] Bits [20:13] represent the 8-bit fractional divisor code (FN [7:0]). Refer to the Synthesizer Programming section of this Data Sheet for information. Application dependent rsvd Reserved [23:21] These three bits should always remain cleared (logic low). 0 rsvd Reserved [25:24] Reserved 00 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 7 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Table 8. DPLL Signal Mapping Serial Port Name Load Register Word 1 Bit Recommended Operation Value dpll_clk_dly(0) 2 0 dpll_clk_dly(1) 3 0 dpll_temp_comp(0) 4 0 dpll_temp_comp(1) 5 0 dpll_temp_comp(2) 6 0 dpll_temp_comp(3) 7 0 dpll_temp_comp(4) 8 0 dpll_temp_comp_en 9 0 dpll_ext_test(0) 10 0 dpll_ext_test(1) 11 0 dpll_ext_test(2) 12 0 dpll_ext_test(3) 13 0 dpll_ext_test(4) 14 0 dpll_ext_test(5) 15 0 dpll_ext_test(6) 16 0 dpll_ext_test(7) 17 0 dpll_flag_override 18 0 dpll_flag_value 19 0 VCO Prescalers The VCO prescalers divide the VCO output signal by either 16/17 or 8/9. The 6' modulator determines whether to divide by 16 or 17 in the 16/17 mode, or whether to divide by 8 or 9 in the 8/9 mode. The prescaler mode is determined by bit [23] of Word 0 (Operation Mode Register). N-Counter The N-counter consists of two asynchronous ripple counters, a 6bit M-counter and a 4-bit A-counter. The M-counter determines the counts using the lower division ratio in the prescaler (8 or 16); the A-counter determines the counts using the upper division ratio (9 or 17). By changing the counter setting at each reference clock cycle, the Modulated Fractional Divider (MFD) achieves the desired noise shaping. VCO MFD Block The MFD block divides down the prescaler output to the internal PLL comparison frequency. A third order cascaded 6' modulation technique minimizes spurs through randomization of the division ratio. The MFD block controls the division ratio by dynamically programming the M and A counters. Phase Detector and Charge Pump The phase detector and charge pump detect and integrate the phase and frequency errors of the divided-down VCO output versus the reference clock. This results in a feedback adjustment of the control voltage for the VCO. Lock Detect Lock detection circuitry provides a CMOS logic level indication when the PLL is frequency locked (high when locked). Reference Input Divider The R-counter (reference input clock divider) consists of three divide-by-two blocks and one multiplexer controlled by the rdiv parameter in Word 2 (Frequency Control 1 Register). The Rcounter is used to select a divide-by-one or a divide-by-eight function. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 8 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER DC Power On Frequency Change Hardware Auto Reset Clear dpll_en (Word 1, Bit [20]) Clear dpll_en (Word 1, Bit [20]) Send Only Changed Words Send Word 0, 1, 2, and 3 Set dpll_en (Word 1, Bit [20]) Set dpll_en (Word 1, Bit [20]) Send Word 1 Send Word 1 Lock on New Frequency Lock on New Frequency S998 Figure 5. VCO Auto-Tuning Enable Process Flow Due to POR or Frequency Change Word 0 Word 1 (Bit [20] low) Word 2 Word 3 Word 1 (Bit [20] high) CLK DATA D25 D24 D1 D0 D25 D24 D1 D0 D25 D24 D1 D0 D25 D24 D1 D0 D25 D24 D1 D0 LE Phase Settling Time LD S1296 Figure 6. POR Timing Diagram Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 9 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 1616 1614 1612 1610 1608 1606 Frequency (MHz) 1604 1602 1600 1598 1596 1594 1592 1590 1588 1586 Analog Tune 1584 1582 Digital Tune (VCO Auto-Tuning) 1580 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Time (μs) 500 S1387a Figure 7. VCO Auto-Tuning @ 1600 MHz Frequency Settling Synthesizer Output Switch An on-chip switch is integrated into the SKY73103-11 RF output after the balun and is controlled by the SW_EN signal (pin 4) as indicated below: The calculated value for DTotal can then be used to determine the correct synthesizer frequency, RF: RF FREF u DTotal R1 (2) Where: FREF = the reference frequency SW_EN Input Synthesizer Output High On Low Off R1 = the reference divider radio The 6-bit M-counter and the 4-bit A-counter portions of the Ncounter are calculated according to the following relationships: Nactual is the actual N-counter value and is the integer portion of (DTotal – 3.5): The switch provides >50 dB isolation at the synthesizer RF output. This allows the SKY73103-11 to be used for GSM applications. Nactual = Mactual × P + Aactual If: Synthesizer Programming Where: Nactual = the actual value of the N-counter FNactual = the actual fractional divisor MEactual = the actual fractional modulus extender Because of the way the '6 modulator is implemented in the SKY73103-11, the number 3.5 must be added to the division number to obtain the final division ratio. M = Mactual (binary number, fit to six bits) A = Aactual (binary number, fit to four bits) To program the synthesizer to the correct frequency, values for the N-counter (both M and A portions), fractional divisor (FN), and fractional modulus extender (ME) are needed. These values are used to determine the total divider ratio, DTotal, according to Equation 1: DTotal = Nactual + FNactual + MEactual + 3.5 (1) Then: N = M × 24 + A Where: N is the number to be programmed into the N-counter. The synthesizer has a selectable prescaler of 8/9 or 16/17. If the 16/17 prescaler is used: P = 24 = 16 In this case, N is the same as Nactual, M is equal to the six MSBs of Nactual, and A is equal to the four LSBs of Nactual. If the 8/9 prescaler is used: P=8 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 10 (3) November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Here, N is not equal to Nactual. The A-counter portion only uses the three LSBs (the 4th bit of the A-counter is a “don’t care” bit). 0.6575 u 256 = 168.32 The fractional divisor code (FN) sets the fractional-N modulo up to 256 modulo according to the following equation: Divide FN by 256 to determine the actual fractional part, FNactual: § 1 §1· D7 ¨¨ ¸¸ D6 ¨¨ 2 ©2¹ ©2 FN actual · § 1 ¸¸ D5 ¨¨ 3 ¹ ©2 · ¸¸ ¹ x x § 1 x D0 ¨ ¨ 8 ©2 FNactual = 168/256 = 0.65625 · ¸¸ ¹ (4) The value of FN is equal to the binary representation of 256 (or 28) u FNactual, or: FN = D7 u 2 + D6 u 2 + D5 u 2 + . . . D0 7 6 5 10 11 Subtract this result from the fractional portion of (DTotal – 3.5) to determine the actual fractional modulus extender, MEactual: MEactual = (DTotal – 3.5 – Nactual) – FNactual = 0.6575 – 0.65625 The fractional modulo can be extended up to 223 using the modulo extender (ME) if required: 9 FN = 168 = 10101000b 23 MEactual = D14(1/2 ) + D13(1/2 ) + D12(1/2 ) + . . . + D0(1/2 ) The value of ME is equal to the binary representation of the integer part of 223 u MEactual, or: ME = D14 u 214 + D13 u 213 + D12 u 212 + . . .D0 = 0.00125 Multiply this result by 8388608 (the 23-bit '6 modulator value, 223) and remove the fractional portion to determine the value of ME: 0.00125 u 8388608 = 10485.76 ME = 10485 = 010100011110101b Example: Package and Handling Information A desired synthesizer frequency of 1537.25 MHz is required using a crystal frequency of 16 MHz and a 16/17 prescaler. Since the maximum internal reference frequency is 25 MHz, the crystal frequency does not need to be divided. However, a reference divider ratio of 2 is used for this example. Since the device package is sensitive to moisture absorption, it is baked and vacuum packed before shipping. Instructions on the shipping container label regarding exposure to moisture after the container seal is broken must be followed. Otherwise, problems related to moisture absorption may occur when the part is subjected to high temperature during solder assembly. Restating Equation 2 as a function of DTotal: DTotal = (1537.26 u 2)/16 = 192.1575 Where: RF = 1537.26 R1 = 2 FREF = 16 Determine Nactual by subtracting 3.5 from DTotal and removing the fractional portion: DTotal – 3.5 = 188.6575 Using Equation 3: The SKY73103-11 is rated to Moisture Sensitivity Level 3 (MSL3) at 260 qC. It can be used for lead or lead-free soldering. For additional information, refer to Skyworks Application Note, PCB Design and SMT Assembly/Rework Guidelines for MCM-L Packages, document number 101752. Care must be taken when attaching this product, whether it is done manually or in a production solder reflow environment. Production quantities of this product are shipped in a standard tape and reel format. For packaging details, refer to the Skyworks Application Note, Tape and Reel, document number 101568. Nactual = 188 = Mactual u P + Aactual Where: Mactual = 11 P = 16 Aactual = 12 M = Mactual = 11 = 001011b (the six MSBs) A = Aactual = 12 = 1100b (the four LSBs) N = M u 24 + A = 0010111100b (this is the same as Nactual) Multiply the fractional portion that was removed in the previous step by 256 and remove the fractional portion of the result to determine FN: Circuit Design Considerations The following design considerations are general in nature and must be followed regardless of final use or configuration 1. Paths to ground should be made as short and as low impedance as possible. 2. The ground pad of the SKY73103-11 provides critical electrical grounding requirements. Design the connection to the ground pad to provide the best electrical connection to the circuit board. Multiple vias to the grounding layer are recommended to connect the top layer ground area to the main ground layer. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 11 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 3. Skyworks recommends including external bypass capacitors on the VDD voltage input (pin 37) of the device. These capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the VDD input pin. Measurement plots for single sideband phase noise and settling time are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. 4. A 50 : impedance trace is needed for the RF_OUT (pin 10) line. A typical application schematic for the SKY73103-11 is provided in Figure 28. The PCB layout footprint of the SKY73103-11 is provided in Figure 29. Figure 30 shows the package dimensions for the 38-pin MCM, and Figure 31 provides the tape and reel dimensions. Typical performance characteristics of the SKY73103-11 are illustrated in Figures 10 through 27. Electrical and Mechanical Specifications The absolute maximum ratings of the SKY73103-11 are provided in Table 9. The recommended operating conditions are specified in Table 10 and electrical specifications are provided in Table 11. Spur suppression measurements are provided in Table 12. Table 9. SKY73103-11 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Parameter Supply voltage Symbol VCC CLK, DATA, LE input DC voltage Min Typical Max Units 0 5.5 V 0 4.6 V Operating temperature TOP –40 +85 °C Storage temperature TST –40 +150 °C Note 1: Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may reduce device reliability. There is no damage to device with only one parameter set at the limit and all other parameters set at or below their nominal values. Exceeding any of the limits listed here may result in permanent damage to the device. CAUTION: Although this device is designed to be as robust as possible, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can damage this device. This device must be protected at all times from ESD. Static charges may easily produce potentials of several kilovolts on the human body or equipment, which can discharge without detection. Industry-standard ESD precautions should be used at all times. The SKY73103-11 threshold level is 2500 VDC using Human Body Model (HBM) testing. This level applies to RF signal lines >100 MHz, analog and RF lines <100 MHz, digital lines, power supply lines, and ground pins. Table 10. SKY73103-11 Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Min Typical Max Units 4.75 5.00 5.25 V Input voltage (CLK, DATA, LE) (Note 1): Low level High level 1.4 3.3 0.6 3.6 V V Output voltage (LD) with 18 k: load from VCC PLL: Low level, unlocked High level, unlocked 0.4 2.4 V V 1.5 Vp-p Supply voltage Symbol VCC Reference frequency input voltage (FREF, pin 23) FREFIN 0.5 50 :, maximum VSWR (load input) 2.0:1, all phases Load connected to RF output RF output switch enable: High Low 1.0 SWENH SWENL 2.2 0.8 Note 1: The CLK, DATA, and LE signals (pins 17, 18, and 19, respectively) are internally 3.3 VDC. DO NOT apply 5 VDC to these pins. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 12 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D V V DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Table 11. SKY73103-11 Electrical Characteristics (Note 1) (Note 2) (VCC = 5 V, TC = 25 °C, cp_output = 1000 PA, FREF = 52 MHz, ref_bw_sel = 50 MHz, rdiv = 8, prescale_sel = 8/9, Unless Otherwise Noted) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Oscillation frequency Reference frequency Min Typical 1460 FREF 13 Phase detector frequency Max 1665 MHz 52 MHz 6.5 PLL loop bandwidth MHz 25 Output level –12.0 Output impedance –10.8 kHz –8.0 2:1 Reference frequency (FREF) input impedance Integrated RMS phase noise –38 –61 100 Hz to 100 kHz Single sideband phase noise offset: @ 10 kHz @ 200 kHz @ 400 kHz @ 600 kHz @ 800 kHz @ 1000 kHz @ 1.8 MHz @6 MHz – : 470 Harmonic suppression: 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic dBm : 50 Output VSWR Units –86 –126 –137 –141 –143 –148 –150 –156 PLL-reference spurious suppression –33 –52 dBc dBc 1 degrees RMS –82 –120 –129 –134 –138 –142 –145 –153 dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz dBc/Hz –100 dBc Frequency settling time Within r2 kHz 215 375 Ps Phase settling time Within r5 deg 230 450 Ps 2 5 degrees Peak phase error Switch isolation 48 Current consumption 52 114 dB 135 mA Note 1: Performance is guaranteed only under the conditions listed in this Table. Note 2: Characterized performance may change if the SKY73103-11 is configured differently than the test conditions specified here. This characterization used a 6.5 MHz fixed comparison frequency for the PLL phase loop filter. The PLL synthesizer is programmable up to a maximum comparison frequency of 26 MHz but with degraded performance. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 13 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER –60 1461 MHz 1600 MHz 1662 MHz –70 –80 –90 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) –100 –110 –120 –130 –140 –150 –160 –170 –180 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Offset Frequency (kHz) S1000 Figure 8. SKY73103-11 Single Sideband Phase Noise Measurements Table 12. SKY73103-11 Spur Suppression Measurements (VCC = 5 V, TC = 25 °C, cp_output = 1000 PA, FREF = 52 MHz, rdiv = 8) Frequency (MHz) Offset From Center Frequency (kHz) 1461 1499 1537 1600 1631 1662 100-400 No spur No spur No spur No spur No spur No spur 400-600 No spur No spur No spur No spur 498.51 kHz, –97 dBc No spur 600-1000 No spur No spur No spur No spur No spur No spur 1000-3000 2232.74 kHz, –100 dBc 2355.55 kHz, –103 dBc No spur 2272.95 kHz, –103 dBc No spur No spur 3551.30 kHz, –105 dBc 4478.81 kHz, –107 dBc 3306.59 kHz, –106 dBc 5074.89 kHz, –102 dBc 2866.58 kHz, –101 dBc t 3000 No spur No spur Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 14 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 20 1461 MHz 1600 MHz 1662 MHz 15 Relative Phase (deg) 10 5 0 –5 –10 –15 –20 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 Time (msec) S1001 Figure 9. SKY73103-11 Settling Time Measurements –5 –5 –6 –7 –6 –7 –8 POUT (dBm) POUT (dBm) –8 –9 –10 –11 –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C –12 –13 –14 –15 1461 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 –9 –10 –11 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V –12 –13 –14 –15 1461 1641 1491 1521 Figure 10. Output Power vs Frequency and Temperature 1611 1641 2.0 –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Figure 12. Integrated Phase Noise vs Frequency and Temperature Phase Noise (deg RMS) Phase Noise (deg RMS) 1581 Figure 11. Output Power vs Frequency and Supply Voltage 2.0 0 1461 1551 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1461 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Figure 13. Integrated Phase Noise vs Frequency and Supply Voltage Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 15 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 500 –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1461 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 Phase Settling Time (μs) Phase Settling Time (μs) 500 1641 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1461 1491 1521 Frequency (MHz) Figure 14. Phase Settling Time vs Frequency and Temperature –83 –84 –85 –86 –87 –88 –82 –83 –84 –85 –86 –87 –88 –89 –90 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 1461 1491 1521 Frequency (MHz) 1611 1641 –120 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V –121 –122 –123 –124 –125 –126 –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C –127 –128 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) –121 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) 1581 Figure 17. Phase Noise @ 10 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Supply Voltage –120 –122 –123 –124 –125 –126 –127 –128 –129 –130 1461 1641 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) Figure 18. Phase Noise @ 200 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Temperature Figure 19. Phase Noise @ 200 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Supply Voltage –130 –130 –132 –133 –134 –135 –136 –137 –138 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V –131 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C –131 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) 1551 Frequency (MHz) Figure 16. Phase Noise @ 10 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Temperature –132 –133 –134 –135 –136 –137 –138 –139 –139 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Figure 20. Phase Noise @ 400 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Temperature –140 1461 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Figure 21. Phase Noise @ 400 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Supply Voltage Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 16 1641 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V –81 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) –82 –140 1461 1611 –80 –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C –81 –129 –130 1461 1581 Figure 15. Phase Settling Time vs Frequency and Supply Voltage –80 –89 –90 1461 1551 Frequency (MHz) November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D –140 –140 –141 –141 –142 –143 –142 –144 –145 –146 –147 –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C –148 –149 –150 1461 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 1641 –143 –144 –145 –146 –147 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V –148 –149 –150 1461 1491 1521 Frequency (MHz) –145 –145 –146 –146 –147 –147 –148 –149 –150 –151 –152 –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C –153 –154 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V –149 –150 –151 –152 –153 –154 –155 1461 1641 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Figure 24. Phase Noise @ 1.8 MHz Offset vs Frequency Temperature Figure 25. Phase Noise @ 1.8 MHz Offset vs Frequency and Supply Voltage –150 –150 –152 –153 –154 –155 –156 –157 –158 –159 4.75 V 5.00 V 5.25 V –151 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) –40 °C +25 °C +85 °C –151 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) 1611 –148 Frequency (MHz) –160 1461 1581 Figure 23. Phase Noise @ 800 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Supply Voltage Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) Figure 22. Phase Noise @ 800 kHz Offset vs Frequency and Temperature –155 1461 1551 Frequency (MHz) –152 –153 –154 –155 –156 –157 –158 –159 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Figure 26. Phase Noise @ 6 MHz Offset vs Frequency and Temperature –160 1461 1491 1521 1551 1581 1611 1641 Frequency (MHz) Figure 27. Phase Noise @ 6 MHz Offset vs Frequency and Supply Voltage Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 17 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER C2 10 nF × 6 7 8 9 (50 Ω Controlled Impedance Line) 10 GND GND GND N/C GND GND 29 GND GND GND GND GND N/C 28 27 × 26 SW_EN GND GND GND 25 SKY73103 GND 24 GND 23 GND Frequency Reference Lock Detect FREF 22 GND LD GND N/C 21 × 20 RF_OUT GND RF Output 30 11 12 GND 13 14 15 16 17 18 LE 5 31 DATA 4 32 CLK RF Output Switch Control 33 GND 3 34 GND 2 35 N/C 1 36 GND 37 GND 38 GND + VDD C1 10 μF GND +5 V From Regulator 19 × Latch Enable Data Clock S962 Figure 28. SKY73103-11 Typical Application Schematic Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 18 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 1.1 0.95 9.4 0.075 2X 0.2 Stencil aperture size for center ground pads should be 80% to 100% (by area) of the solder mask opening of the package. Pin 1 0.075 0.8 0.95 Stencil and Metallization Component Outline Soldermask Opening SMT Pad Detail Scale: 2X 1 X This Rotation 1X Rotated 180o 0.5 Typ 12X 0.1375 12.4 0.65 36X 1.4 0.5 1.0 Pitch Typ 0.075 0.2 24X 0.28 0.075 0.8 0.95 Stencil and Metallization 24X 0.27 Component Outline 12X 0.1375 SMT Pad Detail Scale: 2X 7 X This Rotation 7X Rotated 180o 10X Rotated 90o CW 10X Rotated 90o CCW Stencil Aperture Top View 9.55 6.88 1.1 0.95 0.075 Component Outline Soldermask Opening 36X 0.9 Component Outline 0.075 Pin 1 2X 0.2 0.95 0.8 Stencil and Metallization Soldermask Opening SMT Pad Detail Scale: 2X 1 X This Rotation 1X Rotated 180o 0.5 Typ 12.55 9.4 9.88 1.0 Pitch Typ 2X 4.3 (2.8) Pin 1 0.25 Typ 2X 5.8 Component Outline Solder Mask Opening Top View (3.4) 0.5 Typ 12.4 (4.3) 1.0 Pitch Typ Thermal Via Array. ∅0.3 mm on 0.6 mm pitch. Additional vias in common ground pad will improve thermal and electrical performance. NOTE: thermal vias should be tented and filled with solder mask, 30-35 μm Cu plating recommended. Component Outline Metallization Top View All measurements are in millimeters Note: The cross-hatched area represents the merger of the center ground pad +24 individual I/O ground pads. All I/O ground pads should have at least one via connected to internal ground planes for optimum electrical performance. S1285 Figure 29. PCB Layout Footprint for the SKY73103-11 9 x 12 mm MCM Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 19 Pin 1 Indicator 9 12X 2.937 12X 1.762 12X 0.587 4X 1 4X 2 4X 3 24X 4.4 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 38X SMT Pad 0.1 A B C B 0 C 18X 5.9 Pin 38 C Pin 1 Indicator See Detail D Pin 1 4X 4.5 4X 3.5 A 4X 2.5 4X 1.5 4X 0.5 12 0 12X 0.837 12X 2.512 See Detail E 36X Solder Mask Openings 0.2 A B C 12X 4.187 B A 1.70 ± 0.1 0.15 A B C 0.1 Side View Top View Bottom View 0.2 x 0.2 0.5 ± 0.1 (0.1) Metal Pad Edge 0.65 ± 0.1 2X (0.1) 0.5 ± 0.05 1.5 0.5 ± 0.1 Metal Pad Edge Solder Mask Edges 1.5 0.5 ± 0.1 2X (0.1) Solder Mask Edges 0.65 ± 0.1 Metal Pad Edge Detail A Detail B Detail C SMT Pad Scale: 2X 10X This Rotation 10X Rotated 180o 7X Rotated 90o CW 7X Rotated 90o CCW SMT Pad Scale: 2X 1X This Rotation 1X Rotated 180o SMT Pad Scale: 2X 1X This Rotation 1X Rotated 180o 1.0 Solder Mask Edges 1.0 Detail D Detail E Scale: 2X Scale: 2X 35X This Rotation All measurements are in millimeters. Dimensioning and tolerancing according to ASME Y14.5M-1994. S1286 Figure 30. SKY73103-11 38-Pin MCM Package Dimensions Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 20 November 30, 2009 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 200649D DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 12.00 (P1) 4.00 (Po) 2.00 ± 0.05 ∅1.55 ± 0.05 0.30 ± 0.05 (T) Pin #1 indicator 1.75 ± 0.10 A 11.50 ± 0.05 B 24.00 ± 0.30 12.30 (Bo) A B 9.30 (Ao) 2.00 (Ko) ∅1.50 Min. B Notes: 1. Carrier tape material: black conductive polystyrene 2. Cover tape material: transparent conductive PSA 3. Cover tape size: 21.3 mm width 4. Po/P1 10 pitches cumulative tolerance on tape: ±0.20 mm 5. Ao and Bo measurement point to be 0.30 mm from bottom pocket 6. All measurements are in millimeters A S1832 Figure 31. SKY73103-11 Tape and Reel Dimensions Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 200649D • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • November 30, 2009 21 DATA SHEET • SKY73103-11 VCO/SYNTHESIZER Ordering Information Model Name SKY73103-11 1460-1665 MHz VCO/Synthesizer Manufacturing Part Number SKY73103-11 (Pb-free package) Evaluation Kit Part Number TW17-D770 Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is provided in connection with Skyworks Solutions, Inc. (“Skyworks”) products or services. These materials, including the information contained herein, are provided by Skyworks as a service to its customers and may be used for informational purposes only by the customer. Skyworks assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in these materials or the information contained herein. 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