LMX9838 Bluetooth® Serial Port Module 1.0 General Description The National Semiconductor LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port module is a fully integrated Bluetooth 2.0 baseband controller, 2.4 GHz radio, crystal, antenna, LDO and discreets; combined to form a complete small form factor (10 mm x 17 mm x 2.0 mm) Bluetooth node. All hardware and firmware is included to provide a complete solution from antenna through the complete lower and upper layers of the Bluetooth stack, up to the application including the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP). The module includes a configurable service database to fulfil service requests for additional profiles on the host. Moreover, the LMX9838 is qualified as a Bluetooth endproduct, ready to be used in the end application without additional testing and license cost. Based on National’s CompactRISC® 16-bit processor architecture and Digital Smart Radio technology, the LMX9838 is optimized to handle the data and link management processing requirements of a Bluetooth node. The firmware supplied in the on-chip ROM memory offers a complete Bluetooth (v2.0) stack including profiles and command interface. This firmware features point-to-point and point-to-multipoint link management supporting data rates up to the theoretical maximum over RFComm of 704 kbps. The internal memory supports up to 7 active Bluetooth data links and one active SCO link. The on-chip Patch RAM provided for lowest cost and risk, allows the flexibility of firmware upgrade. The module is lead free and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliant. For more information on those quality standards, please visit our green compliance website at http://www.national.com/quality/green/ 2.0 Features ■ Complete Bluetooth 2.0 Stack including ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ — Baseband and Link Manager — Protocols: L2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP — Profiles: GAP, SDAP, SPP High Integration: Includes Antenna, crystal, EEPROM, LDO Supporting up to 7 active Bluetooth data links and 1 active SCO link Class 2 operation UART Command/Data port speed up to 921.6kbits/s Advanced Audio Interface for external PCM codec Better than -80dBm input sensitivity FCC certified: FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 IC certified: IC-1520A-LMX9838 CE Self certified Bluetooth SIG QD ID: B012394 Compact Size: 10mm x 17mm x 2.0mm 3.0 Functional Block Diagram 30027913 Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and is used under license by National Semiconductor Corporation. CompactRISC® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation 300279 www.national.com LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module September 2007 LMX9838 4.0 Applications • • • • • Telemedicine/Medical, Industrial and Scientific Personal Digital Assistants POS Terminals Data Logging Systems Audio Gateway applications • 5.0 Device Details 5.1 HARDWARE • Baseband and Link Management processors based on Nationals CompactRISC Core • Embedded ROM and Patch RAM memory • Auxiliary Host Interface Ports: — Link Status — Transceiver Status (Tx or Rx) • Advanced Power Management (APM) features • Supports low-power mode with optional 32.768 kHz oscillator • Full Radio path integrated including antenna • On-chip reference crystal for Bluetooth operation • Single supply voltage — Object Push Profile (OPP) — Synchronization Profile (SYNC) — Headset (HSP) — Handsfree Profile (HFP) — Basic Imaging Profile (BIP) — Basic Printing Profile (BPP) On-chip application including: — Default connections — Command Interface: • Link setup and configuration (also Multipoint) • Configuration of the module • Service database modifications — UART Transparent mode — Optimized cable replacement: • Automatic transparent mode • Event filter 5.3 COMPLIANCE • FCC compliance: The device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: — This device may not cause harmful interference — This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation 5.2 FIRMWARE • Additional Profile support on Host. e.g: — Dial Up Networking (DUN) — Facsimile Profile (FAX) — File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 5.4 PACKAGE • Complete system interface provided in Lead Grid Array on underside for surface mount assembly 6.0 Ordering Information Order Number Spec. LMX9838SB NOPB (Note 1) Shipment Method 135 pcs Tray LMX9838SBX NOPB (Note 1) 500 pcs Tape & Reel Note 1: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead) www.national.com 2 LMX9838 7.0 Connection Diagram 30027914 8.0 Pad Description TABLE 1. System Interface Signals Pad Name Pad Location Type OP3 16 I Default Layout OP3: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option OP4/PG4 26 OP4: I PG4: I/ O OP4: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option PG4: GPIO OP5 25 I/O OP5: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option 32K- 28 O 32K+ 27 I NC (if not used) Description 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator GND (if not used) 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator TABLE 2. UART Interface Signals Pad Location Type RXD Pad Name 12 I Default Layout Host Serial Port Receive Data TXD 13 O Host Serial Port Transmit Data RTS# (Note 2) 14 O CTS# (Note 3) 15 I NC (if not used) Description Host Serial Port Request To Send (active low) GND (if not used) Host Serial Port Clear To Send (active low) Note 2: Treat As No Connect If RTS is not used. Pad required for mechanical stability. Note 3: Connect to GND if CTS is not use. TABLE 3. Auxiliary Ports Interface Signals Pad Name Pad Location Type Default Layout Description RESET# 2 I Low active, either NC or connect to host XOSCEN 8 O Host main Clock Request. Toggles with Main crystal (X1) enable/ disable PG6 7 I/O GPIO - Default setup LINK STATUS indication PG7 19 I/O GPIO - Default setup RF traffic LED indication Module Reset (active low) 3 www.national.com LMX9838 TABLE 4. Audio Interface Signals Pad Name Pad Location Type Default Layout Description SCLK 20 I/O Audio PCM Interface Clock SFS 21 I/O Audio PCM Interface Frame Synchronization STD 22 O Audio PCM Interface Transmit Data Output SRD 23 I Audio PCM Interface Receive Data Input TABLE 5. Power, Ground and No Connect Signals Pad Name Pad Location Type 6 I VCC_CORE 9 I/O VCC 10 I Voltage Regulator Input Baseband 11 I Power Supply I/O 3,4,17,18,24, 29,30,31,32 I MVCC VCC_IO GND Default Layout Description Module internal Voltage Regulator Input Voltage Regulator Input/Output GND Must be connected to ground plane NC 1,5,33,34,35, 36,37,38,39,40 NC Place Pads for stability. See Section 21.0 Physical Dimensions NC 41,42,43,44,45, 46,47,48,49,50, 51,52,53,54,55, 56,57,58,59,60, 61,62,63,64,65, 66,67,68,69,70 NC DO NOT PLACE ANY PADS. See Section 21.0 Physical Dimensions www.national.com 4 The following diagrams show two application examples for LMX9838 implementations. Figure 1 illustrates a cable replacement application, requiring the physical UART interface to a data device like a sensor. The LMX9838 just waits for an incoming link and forwards data between the data device and the bluetooth link. PG6 acts as active link indicator and is used to enable the data transfer from the sensor. A 32.768khz crystal may be is used to reduce power consumption while waiting for the incoming link. 30027901 FIGURE 1. Example For A Cable Replacement Application 30027916 FIGURE 2. Example For Host Controller Based Application With Audio Support 5 www.national.com LMX9838 Figure 2 shows an example for the connection to a host controller, which can include a simple application to control the LMX9838. The figure also includes the connection to a PCM codec, in case the host controller application includes an audio profile. Reset, OP4 and OP5 are controlled by the host for full control of the LMX9838 status. Please refer to Section 17.0 Application Notes for more detailed descriptions for LMX9838 designs. 9.0 Application Diagrams LMX9838 The following conditions are true unless otherwise stated in the tables below: • TA = -40°C to +85°C • VCC = 3.3V • RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on National Semiconductor FlagStaff board rev 2.1 evaluation platform. 10.0 General Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings (see Absolute Maximum Ratings ) indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings (see Recommended Operating Conditions) indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional. This device is a high performance RF integrated circuit and is ESD sensitive. Handling and assembly of this device should be performed at ESD free workstations. Absolute Maximum Ratings Min Max Unit VCC Symbol Digital Voltage Regulator input Parameter -0.2 4 V VI Voltage on any pad with GND = 0V -0.2 VCC + 0.2 V TS Storage Temperature Range -65 +150 °C TLNOPB Lead Temperature NOPB (Note 4),(Note 5) (solder 40 sec.) 250 °C ESDHBM ESD - Human Body Model 2000 (Note 6) V ESDMM ESD - Machine Model 200 (Note 7) V ESDCDM ESD - Charge Discharge Model 1000 (Note 8) V Note 4: Reference IPC/JDEC J-STD-20C spec. Note 5: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead). Note 6: All pins meet 2000V Human Body ESD rating. Note 7: All pins meet 200V Macine Model ESD rating except pins RXD, TXD, CTS, RTS, PG4, OP5, PG6, PG7, SCL, SDA, MDOD1, MWCS, SFS, STD, SRD RATED AT 150v. Note 8: All pins meet 1000V Charge Discharge Model ESD rating except pin 69 rated at 250V. Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit MVCC Module internal Voltage Regulator input 3.0 3.3 3.6 V VCC Digital Voltage Regulator input 2.5 3.3 3.6 V TR Digital Voltage Regulator Rise Time 10 μs TA Ambient Operating Temperature Range Fully Functional Bluetooth Node -40 +25 +85 °C VCC_IO(Note 9) Supply Voltage Digital I/O 1.8 3.3 3.6 V VCC_CORE Supply Voltage Output (Note 10) 1.8 V Note 9: VCC must be > (VCC_IO - 0.5V) to avoid backdrive supply. Note 10: Should not be used for external supplies Power Supply Requirements (Notes 11, 12) Symbol Parameter Min Typ (Note 13) Max Unit ICC-TX Power supply current for continuous transmit 65 mA ICC-RX Power supply current for continuous receive 65 mA IRXSL Receive Data in SPP Link, Slave 26 mA IRXM Receive Data in SPP Link, Master 23 mA ISnM Sniff Mode, Sniff interval 1 second 6.5 mA ISC-TLDIS Scanning, No Active Link, TL Disabled 1.1 mA Note 11: Power supply requirements based on Class II output power. Note 12: Based on UART Baudrate 115.2kbit/s. Note 13: VCC = 3.3V, Ambient Temperature = +25 °C. www.national.com 6 LMX9838 10.1 DC CHARACTERISTICS Digital DC Characteristics Symbol Condition Min Max Units Logical 1 Input Voltage high (except oscillator I/O) 1.8V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.0V 0.7 x VCC_IO 2.0 VCC_IO + 0.2 VCC_IO + 0.2 V VIL Logical 0 Input Voltage low (except oscillator I/O) 1.8V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.0V -0.2 -0.2 0.25 x VCC_IO 0.8 V VOH Logical 1 Output Voltage high (except oscillator I/O) VCC_IO = 1.8V VCC_IO = 3.0V 0.7 x VCC_IO 2.4 VOL Logical 0 Output Voltage low (except oscillator I/O) VHYS Hysteresis Loop Width (Note 14) IIH Logical 1 Input leakage High IIL Logical 0 Input leakage Low IOH Logical 1 Output Current VOH = 2.4V, VCC_IO = 3.0V -10 mA IOL Logical 0 Output Current VOH = 0.4V, VCC_IO = 3.0V 10 mA VIH Parameter 3.0V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.6V 3.0V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.6V V 0.4 V 10 µA 0.1 x VCC V -10 µA Note 14: Guaranteed by design. 10.2 RF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS In the performance characteristics tables the following applies: • • • • All tests performed are based on Bluetooth Test Specification revision 2.0 All tests are measured at antenna port unless otherwise specified TA = -40°C to +85°C VDD_RF = 2.8V unless otherwise specified RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on National Semiconductor Flagstaff board rev 2.1 evaluation platform. Receiver Performance Characteristics Symbol RXsense Parameter Receive Sensitivity Typ (Note 15) Max Unit 2.402 GHz -80 -76 dBm 2.441 GHz -80 -76 dBm -80 -76 dBm Condition BER < 0.001 Min 2.480 GHz PinRF Maximum Input Level IMP (Note 16) Intermodulation Performance RSSI RSSI Dynamic Range at LNA Input F1= + 3 MHz, F2= + 6 MHz, PinRF = -64 dBm -10 0 dBm -38 -36 dBm -72 7 -52 dBm www.national.com LMX9838 Symbol OOB (Note 16) Parameter Out Of Band Blocking Performance Typ (Note 15) Condition Min Max Unit PinRF = -10 dBm, 30 MHz < FCWI < 2 GHz, BER < 0.001 -10 dBm PinRF = -27 dBm, 2000 MHz < FCWI < 2399 MHz, BER < 0.001 -27 dBm PinRF = -27 dBm, 2498 MHz < FCWI < 3000 MHz, BER < 0.001 -27 dBm PinRF = -10 dBm, 3000 MHz < FCWI < 12.75 GHz, BER < 0.001 -10 dBm Note 15: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature. Note 16: The f0 = -64 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f1 = -39dbm sine wave, f2 = -39 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f0 = 2f1 - f2, and |f2 - f1| = n * 1MHz, where n is 3, 4, or 5. For the typical case, n = 3. www.national.com 8 Parameter Condition Min Typ (Note 15) Max Unit Transmit Output Power 2.402 GHz −4 0 +3 dBm 2.441 GHz −4 0 +3 dBm 2.480 GHz −4 0 +3 dBm MOD ΔF1AVG Modulation Characteristics Data = 00001111 140 165 175 kHz MOD ΔF2MAX (Note 18) Modulation Characteristics Data = 10101010 115 125 ΔF2AVG/DF1AVG (Note Modulation Characteristics Symbol POUTRF kHz 0.8 19) 20 dB Bandwidth POUT2*fo (Note 20) PA 2 nd Harmonic Suppression ZRFOUT (Note 21) RF Output Impedance/Input Impedance of RF Port (RF_inout) Maximum gain setting: f0 = 2402 MHz, Pout = 4804 MHz Pout @ 2.5 GHz 1000 kHz -30 dBm Ω 47 Note 17: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature. Note 18: ΔF2max ≥ 115 kHz for at least 99.9% of all Δf2max. Note 19: Modulation index set between 0.28 and 0.35. Note 20: Out-of-Band spurs only exist at 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the CW frequency for each channel. Note 21: Not tested in production. Synthesizer Performance Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min Max Unit 2480 MHz 0 75 kHz -25 0 25 kHz -40 0 40 kHz DH5 data packet -40 0 40 kHz Drift Rate -20 0 20 kHz/50µs fVCO VCO Frequency Range tLOCK Lock Time Δf0offset (Note 22) Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance During preamble -75 Δf0drift (Note 22) Initial Carrier Frequency Drift DH1 data packet DH3 data packet tD - Tx Transmitter Delay Time Typ 2402 f0 ± 20 kHz From Tx data to antenna 120 µs 4 µs Note 22: Frequency accuracy is dependent on crystal oscillator chosen. The crystal must have a cumulative accuracy of < +/-20ppm to meet Bluetooth specifications. Note: All RF parameters are tested prior to the antenna. 9 www.national.com LMX9838 Transmitter Performance Characteristics LMX9838 without the need for packaging in a special format. The device uses a pin to block unallowed connections. This pincode can be fixed or dynamically set. Acting as master, the application offers a simple but versatile command interface for standard Bluetooth operation like inquiry, service discovery, or serial port connection. The firmware supports up to seven slaves. Default Link Policy settings and a specific master mode allow optimized configuration for the application specific requirements. See Section 14.0 Integrated Firmware. 11.0 Functional Description 11.1 BASEBAND AND LINK MANAGEMENT PROCESSORS Baseband and Lower Link control functions are implemented using a combination of National Semiconductor’s CompactRISC 16-bit processor and the Bluetooth Lower Link Controller. These processors operate from integrated ROM memory and RAM and execute on-board firmware implementing all Bluetooth functions. 11.1.5 Memory The LMX9838 introduces 16 kB of combined system and Patch RAM memory that can be used for data and/or code upgrades of the ROM based firmware. Due to the flexible startup used for the LMX9838 operating parameters like the Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) are defined during boot time. This allows reading out the parameters of an internal EEPROM or programming them directly over UART. 11.1.1 Bluetooth Lower Link Controller The integrated Bluetooth Lower Link Controller (LLC) complies with the Bluetooth Specification version 2.0 and implements the following functions: • Adaptive Frequency Hopping • Interlaced Scanning • Fast Connect • Support for 1, 3, and 5 slot packet types • 79 Channel hop frequency generation circuitry • Fast frequency hopping at 1600 hops per second • Power management control • Access code correlation and slot timing recovery 11.2 TRANSPORT PORT - UART The LMX9838 provides one Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). The UART interface consists out of Receive (RX), Transmit (TX), Ready-to-Send (RTS) and Clear-to-Send signals. RTS and CTS are used for hardware handshaking between the host and the LMX9838. Since the LMX9838 acts as gateway between the bluetooth and the UART interface, National Semiconductor recommends to use the handshaking signals especially for transparent operation. In case two signals are used CTS needs to be pulled to GND. Please refer also to "LMX9838 Software User’s Guide" for detailed information on 2-wire operation. The UART interface supports formats of 8-bit data with or without parity, with one or two stop bits. It can operate at standard baud rates from 2400bits/s up to a maximum baud rate of 921.6kbits/s. DMA transfers are supported to allow for fast processor independent receive and transmit operation. The UART baudrate is configured during startup by checking option pins OP3, OP4 and OP5. Table 7 gives the correspondence between the OP pins settings and the UART speed. The UART offers wakeup from the power save modes via the multi-input wakeup module. When the LMX9838 is in low power mode, RTS# and CTS# can function as Host_WakeUp and Bluetooth_WakeUp respectively. Table 6 represents the operational modes supported by the firmware for implementing the transport via the UART. 11.1.2 Bluetooth Upper Layer Stack The integrated upper layer stack is prequalified and includes the following protocol layers: • L2CAP • RFComm • SDP 11.1.3 Profile Support The on-chip application of the LMX9838 allows full standalone operation, without any Bluetooth protocol layer necessary outside the module. It supports the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP). The on-chip profiles can be used as interfaces to additional profiles executed on the host. The LMX9838 includes a configurable service database to answer requests with the profiles supported. 11.1.4 Application With Command Interface The module supports automatic slave operation eliminating the need for an external control unit. The implemented transparent option enables the chip to handle incoming data raw, TABLE 6. UART Operation Modes Item Range Default at Power-Up Baud Rate 2.4 to 921.6 kbits/s Either configured by option pins, NVS Flow Control RTS#/CTS# or None RTS#/CTS# Parity Odd, Even, None None Stop Bits 1,2 1 Data Bits 8 8 www.national.com 10 LMX9838 TABLE 7. UART Frequency Settings OP3 (Note 23) OP4 (Note 24) OP5 (Note 25) 1 0 0 UART speed read from NVS 1 0 1 UART speed 9.6 kbps 1 1 0 UART speed 115.2 kbps 1 1 1 UART speed 921.6 kbps Function Note 23: If OP3 is 1, must use 1K pull up Note 24: If OP4 is 1, must use 1K pull up Note 25: If OP5 is 1, must use 1K pull up non-volatile storage or programmed during boot-up). The audio path options include the OKI MSM7717 codec, the Winbond W681360/W681310 codecs and the PCM slave through the AAI. In case an external codec or DSP is used the LMX9838 audio interface generates the necessary bit and frame clock driving the interface. Table 8 summarizes the audio path selection and the configuration of the audio interface at the specific modes. The LMX9838 supports one SCO link. 11.3 AUDIO PORT 11.3.1 Advanced Audio Interface The Advanced Audio Interface (AAI) is an advanced version of the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) that provides a fullduplex communications port to a variety of industry-standard 13/14/15/16-bit linear or 8-bit log PCM codecs, DSPs, and other serial audio devices. The interface allows the support one codec or interface. The firmware selects the desired audio path and interface configuration by a parameter that is located in RAM (imported from TABLE 8. Audio Path Configuration Interface Format AAI Bit Clock AAI Frame Clock AAI Frame Sync Pulse Length OKI MSM7717 Advanced audio interface 8-bit log PCM (a-law only) 520 kHz 8 kHz 14 Bits Winbond W681310 Advanced audio interface 8-bit log PCM A-law and u-law 520 kHz 8 kHz 14 Bits Winbond W681360 Advanced audio interface 13-bit linear 520 kHz 8 kHz 13 Bits PCM slave (Note 26) Advanced audio interface 8/16 bits 128 - 1024 kHz 8 kHz 8/16 Bits Audio setting Note 26: In PCM slave mode, parameters are stored in NVS. Bit clock and frame clock must be generated by the host interface. PCM slave configuration example: PCM slave uses the slot 0, 1 slot per frame, 16 bit linear mode, long frame sync, normal frame sync. In this case, 0x03E0 should be stored in NVS. See “LMX9838 Software Users Guide” for more details. In General Purpose configuration the pins are controlled hardware specific commands giving the ability to set the direction, set them to high or low or enable a weak pull-up. In alternate function the pins have pre-defined indication functionality. Please see Table 9 for a description on the alternate indication functionality. 11.4 AUXILIARY PORTS 11.4.1 RESET# The RESET# is active low and will put radio and baseband into reset. TABLE 9. Alternate GPIO Pin Configuration Pin 11.4.2 General Purpose I/Os The LMX9838 offers 3 pins which either can be used as indication and configuration pins or can be used for General Purpose functionality. The selection is made out of settings derived out of the power up sequence. 11 Description OP4/PG4 Operation Mode pin to configure Transport Layer settings during boot-up PG6 GPIO - Link Status indication PG7 RF Traffic indication www.national.com LMX9838 Once the initialization phase is completed the module sends the “SimplyBlue Ready Event” (refer to the LMX9838 Software User's Guide, AN-1699) to declare its fully functional state. It is therefore recommended to wait for the “SimplyBlue Ready Event” message before stating using the LM9838 by sending a command or issuing a Reset or Power On cycle. 12.0 Power Up The LMX9838 contains an internal EEPROM initialized during power up or hardware reset. During this initialization phase it is recommended not to: • Send a command to the LMX9838: The command will be ignored. • Power OFF/ON the LMX9838: The EEPROM initialization phase will be interrupted and the EEPROM will not be recognized which leaves the device in a lockup situation. • Issue a Hardware Reset: The EEPROM initialization phase will be interrupted and the EEPROM will not be recognized which leaves the device in a lockup situation. 30027932 FIGURE 3. LMX9838 Power-up Sequence www.national.com 12 13.1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The integrated Digital Smart Radio utilizes a heterodyne receiver architecture with a low intermediate frequency (2 MHz) such that the intermediate frequency filters can be integrated on chip. The receiver consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) followed by two mixers. The intermediate frequency signal processing blocks consist of a poly-phase bandpass filter (BPF), two hard-limiters (LIM), a frequency discriminator (DET), and a post-detection filter (PDF). The received signal level is detected by a received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The received frequency equals the local oscillator frequency (fLO) plus the intermediate frequency (fIF): fRF = fLO + fIF (supradyne). The radio includes a synthesizer consisting of a phase detector, a charge pump, an (off-chip) loop-filter, an RF-frequency divider, and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The transmitter utilizes IQ-modulation with bit-stream data that is gaussian filtered. Other blocks included in the transmitter are a VCO buffer and a power amplifier (PA). 13.3.1 Frequency Discriminator The frequency discriminator gets its input signals from the limiter. A defined signal level (independent of the power supply voltage) is needed to obtain the input signal. Both inputs of the frequency discriminator have limiting circuits to optimize performance. The bandpass filter in the frequency discriminator is tuned by the autotuning circuitry. 13.3.2 Post-Detection Filter and Equalizer The output signals of the FM discriminator first go through a post-detection filter and then through an equalizer. Both the post-detection filter and equalizer are tuned to the proper frequency by the autotuning circuitry. The post-detection filter is a low-pass filter intended to suppress all remaining spurious signals, such as the second harmonic (4 MHz) from the FM detector and noise generated after the limiter. The post-detection filter also helps for attenuating the first adjacent channel signal. The equalizer improves the eyeopening for 101010 patterns. The post-detection filter is a third order Butterworth filter. 13.2 RECEIVER FRONT-END The receiver front-end consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) followed by two mixers and two low-pass filters for the I- and Q-channels. The intermediate frequency (IF) part of the receiver front-end consists of two IF amplifiers that receive input signals from the mixers, delivering balanced I- and Q-signals to the polyphase bandpass filter. The poly-phase bandpass filter is directly followed by two hard-limiters that together generate an AD-converted RSSI signal. 13.4 AUTOTUNING CIRCUITRY The autotuning circuitry is used for tuning the bandpass filter, the detector, the post-detection filter, the equalizer, and the transmit filters for process and temperature variations. The circuit also includes an offset compensation for the FM detector. 13.2.1 Poly-Phase Bandpass Filter The purpose of the IF bandpass filter is to reject noise and spurious (mainly adjacent channel) interference that would otherwise enter the hard limiting stage. In addition, it takes care of the image rejection. The bandpass filter uses both the I- and Q-signals from the mixers. The out-of-band suppression should be higher than 40 dB (f<1 MHz, f>3 MHz). The bandpass filter is tuned over process spread and temperature variations by the autotuner circuitry. A 5th order Butterworth filter is used. 13.5 SYNTHESIZER The synthesizer consists of a phase-frequency detector, a charge pump, a low-pass loop filter, a programmable frequency divider, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a deltasigma modulator, and a lookup table. The frequency divider consists of a divide-by-2 circuit (divides the 5 GHz signal from the VCO down to 2.5 GHz), a divideby-8-or-9 divider, and a digital modulus control. The deltasigma modulator controls the division ratio and also generates an input channel value to the lookup table. 13.2.2 Hard-Limiter and RSSI The I- and Q-outputs of the bandpass filter are each followed by a hard-limiter. The hard-limiter has its own reference current. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) measures the level of the RF input signal. The RSSI is generated by piece-wise linear approximation of the level of the RF signal. The RSSI has a mV/dB scale, and an analog-to-digital converter for processing by the baseband circuit. The input RF power is converted to a 5-bit value. The RSSI value is then proportional to the input power (in dBm). The digital output from the ADC is sampled on the BPKTCTL signal low-to-high transition. 13.5.1 Phase-Frequency Detector The phase-frequency detector is a 5-state phase-detector. It responds only to transitions, hence phase-error is independent of input waveform duty cycle or amplitude variations. Loop lockup occurs when all the negative transitions on the inputs, F_REF and F_MOD, coincide. Both outputs (i.e., Up and Down) then remain high. This is equal to the zero error mode. The phase-frequency detector input frequency range operates at 12 MHz. 13 www.national.com LMX9838 13.3 RECEIVER BACK-END The hard-limiters are followed by a two frequency discriminators. The I-frequency discriminator uses the 90× phase-shifted signal from the Q-path, while the Q-discriminator uses the 90× phase-shifted signal from the I-path. A poly-phase bandpass filter performs the required phase shifting. The output signals of the I- and Q-discriminator are substracted and filtered by a low-pass filter. An equalizer is added to improve the eye-pattern for 101010 patterns. After equalization, a dynamic AFC (automatic frequency offset compensation) circuit and slicer extract the RX_DATA from the analog data pattern. It is expected that the Eb/No of the demodulator is approximately 17 dB. 13.0 Digital Smart Radio LMX9838 erating with a 32.768 kHz crystal. An external crystal clock network is required between the 32k+ clock input (pad 27) and the 32k- clock output (pad 28) signals.The oscillator is built in a Pierce configuration and uses two external capacitors. Table 10 provides the oscillator’s specifications. In case the 32kHz is not used, it is recommended to leave 32k- open and connect 32k+ to GND. 13.6 TRANSMITTER CIRCUITRY The transmitter consists of ROM tables, two Digital to Analog (DA) converters, two low-pass filters, IQ mixers, and a power amplifier (PA). The ROM tables generate a digital IQ signal based on the transmit data. The output of the ROM tables is inserted into IQ-DA converters and filtered through two low-pass filters. The two signal components are mixed up to 2.5 GHz by the TX mixers and added together before being inserted into the transmit PA. 13.6.1 IQ-DA Converters and TX Mixers The ROM output signals drive an I- and a Q-DA converter. Two Butterworth low-pass filters filter the DA output signals. The 6 MHz clock for the DA converters and the logic circuitry around the ROM tables are derived from the autotuner. The TX mixers mix the balanced I- and Q-signals up to 2.4-2.5 GHz. The output signals of the I- and Q-mixers are summed. 30027903 13.7 32 kHz Oscillator An oscillator is provided (see Figure 4) that is tuned to provide optimum performance and low-power consumption while op- FIGURE 4. 32.768 kHz Oscillator TABLE 10. 32.768 kHz Oscillator Specifications Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit VDD Supply Voltage IDDACT Supply Current (Active) 2 µA f Nominal Output Frequency 32.768 kHz VPPOSC Oscillating Amplitude 1.8 V 1.62 Duty Cycle www.national.com 40 14 1.8 - 1.98 60 V % The LMX9838 includes the full Bluetooth stack up to RFComm to support the following profiles: • GAP (Generic Access Profile) • SDAP (Service Discovery Application Profile) • SPP (Serial Port Profile) Figure 5 shows the Bluetooth protocol stack with command interpreter interface. The command interpreter offers a number of different commands to support the functionality given by the different profiles. Execution and interface timing is handled by the control application. The chip has an internal data area in RAM that includes the parameters shown in Table 11. 14.1.2 Default Connections The LMX9838 supports the storage of up to 3 devices within its NVS. Those connections can either be connected after reset or on demand using a specific command. 14.1.3 Event Filter The LMX9838 uses events or indicators to notify the host about successful commands or changes at the bluetooth interface. Depending on the application the LMX9838 can be configured. The following levels are defined: • No Events: – The LMX9838 is not reporting any events. Optimized for passive cable replacement solutions. • Standard LMX9838 events: – Only necessary events will be reported. • All events: – Additional to the standard all changes at the physical layer will be reported. 30027920 FIGURE 5. LMX9838 Software Implementation 14.1 FEATURES 14.1.1 Operation Modes On boot-up, the application configures the module following the parameters in the data area. Automatic Operation No Default Connections Stored: In Automatic Operation the module is connectable and discoverable and automatically answers to service requests. The command interpreter listens to commands and links can be set up. The full command list is supported. If connected by another device, the module sends an event back to the host, where the RFComm port has been connected, and switches to transparent mode. Default Connections Stored: If default connections were stored on a previous session, once the LMX9838 is reset, it will attempt to connect each device stored within the data RAM three times. The host will be notified about the success of the link setup via a link status event. Non-Automatic Operation In Non-Automatic Operation, the LMX9838 does not check the default connections section within the Data RAM. If con- 14.1.4 Default Link Policy Each Bluetooth Link can be configured to support M/S role switch, Hold Mode, Sniff Mode and Park Mode. The default link policy defines the standard setting for incoming and outgoing connections. 14.1.5 Audio Support The LMX9838 offers commands to establish and release synchronous connections (SCO) to support Headset or Handsfree applications. The firmware supports one active link with all available package types (HV1, HV2, HV3), routing the audio data between the bluetooth link and the advanced audio interface. In order to provide the analog data interface, an external audio codec is required. The LMX9838 includes a list of codecs which can be used. 15 www.national.com LMX9838 nected by another device, it will NOT switch to transparent mode and continue to interpret data sent on the UART. Transparent Mode The LMX9838 supports transparent data communication from the UART interface to a bluetooth link. If activated, the module does not interpret the commands on the UART which normally are used to configure and control the module. The packages don’t need to be formatted as described in Table 13. Instead all data are directly passed through the firmware to the active bluetooth link and the remote device. Transparent mode can only be supported on a point-to-point connection. To leave Transparent mode, the host must send a UART_BREAK signal to the module. Force Master Mode In Force Master mode tries to act like an access point for multiple connections. For this it will only accept the link if a Master/slave role switch is accepted by the connecting device. After successful link establishment the LMX9838 will be Master and available for additional incoming links. On the first incoming link the LMX9838 will switch to transparent depending on the setting for automatic or command mode. Additional links will only be possible if the device is not in transparent mode. 14.0 Integrated Firmware LMX9838 TABLE 11. Operation Parameters Stored in LMX9838 Parameter Default Value Description BDADDR Preprogrammed by National Local Name Serial port device PinCode 0000 Bluetooth PinCode Operation Mode Automatic ON Automatic mode ON or OFF Default Connections 0 Up to seven default devices to connect to Service discovery database, control for supported profiles SDP Database 1 SPP entry: Name: COM1 Authentication and encryption enabled UART Speed 9600 Sets the speed of the physical UART interface to the host UART Settings 1 Stop bit, parity disabled Parity and stop bits on the hardware UART interface Ports to Open 0000 0001 Defines the RFComm ports to open Link Keys No link keys Link keys for paired devices Security Mode 2 Security mode Page Scan Mode Connectable Connectable/Not connectable for other devices Inquiry Scan Mode Discoverable Discoverable/Not Discoverable/Limited Discoverable for other devices Default Link Policy All modes allowed Configures modes allowed for incoming or outgoing connections (Role switch, Hold mode, Sniff mode...) Default Link Timeout 20 seconds The Default Link Timeout configures the timeout, after which the link is assumed lost, if no packages have been received from the remote device Event Filter Defines the level of reporting on the UART - no events Standard LMX9838 events reported - standard events - standard including ACL link events Default Audio Settings www.national.com none Bluetooth device address Configures the settings for the external codec and the air format. • Codecs: - Winbond W681360 - OKI MSM7717 / Winbond W681310 - PCM Slave • Air Format: - CVSD - µ-Law - A-Law 16 The LMX9838 supports different Low Power Modes to reduce power in different operating situations. The modular structure of the LMX9838 allows the firmware to power down unused modules. The Low power modes have influence on: • UART transport layer – enabling or disabling the interface • Bluetooth Baseband activity – firmware disables LLC and Radio if possible TABLE 12. Power Mode Activity Power Mode 15.1 POWER MODES The following LMX9838 power modes, which depend on the activity level of the UART transport layer and the radio activity are defined: The radio activity level mainly depends on application requirements and is defined by standard bluetooth operations like inquiry/page scanning or an active link. A remote device establishing or disconnecting a link may also indirectly change the radio activity level. UART Activity Radio Activity Reference Clock PM0 OFF OFF none PM1 ON OFF Main Clock PM2 OFF Scanning Main Clock / 32.768 kHz PM3 ON Scanning Main Clock PM4 OFF SPP Link Main Clock PM5 ON SPP Link Main Clock 30027921 FIGURE 6. Transition between different Hardware Power Modes In order to save system connections the UART interface is reconfigured to hardware wakeup functionality. For a detailed timing and command functionality please see also the “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide”. The interface between host and LMX9838 is defined as described in Figure 7. 15.2 ENABLING AND DISABLING UART TRANSPORT 15.2.1 Hardware Wakeup Functionality In certain usage scenarios the host is able to switch off the transport layer of the LMX9838 in order to reduce power consumption. Afterwards both devices, host and LMX9838 are able to shut down their UART interfaces. 17 www.national.com LMX9838 The UART transport layer by default is enabled on device power up. In order to disable the transport layer the command “Disable Transport Layer” is used. Thus only the Host side command interface can disable the transport layer. Enabling the transport layer is controlled by the HW Wakeup signalling. This can be done from either the Host or the LMX9838. See also “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide” for detailed information on timing and implementation requirements. 15.0 Low Power Modes LMX9838 16.0 Command Interface The LMX9838 offers Bluetooth functionality in either a self contained slave functionality or over a simple command interface. The interface is listening on the UART interface. The following sections describe the protocol transported on the UART interface between the LMX9838 and the host in command mode (see Figure 8). In Transparent mode, no data framing is necessary and the device does not listen for commands. 30027906 16.1 FRAMING The connection is considered “Error free”. But for packet recognition and synchronization, some framing is used. All packets sent in both directions are constructed per the model shown in Table 13. FIGURE 7. UART NULL Modem Connection 15.2.2 Disabling the UART transport layer The Host can disable the UART transport layer by sending the “Disable Transport Layer” Command. The LMX9838 will empty its buffers, send the confirmation event and disable its UART interface. Afterwards the UART interface will be reconfigured to wake up on a falling edge of the CTS pin. 16.1.1 Start and End Delimiter The “STX” char is used as start delimiter: STX = 0x02. ETX = 0x03 is used as end delimiter. 15.2.3 LMX9838 enabling the UART interface As the Transport Layer can be disabled in any situation the LMX9838 must first make sure the transport layer is enabled before sending data to the host. Possible scenarios can be incoming data or incoming link indicators. If the UART is not enabled the LMX9838 assumes that the Host is sleeping and waking it up by activating RTS. To be able to react on that Wake up, the host has to monitor the CTS pin. As soon as the host activates its RTS pin, the LMX9838 will first send a confirmation event and then start to transmit the events. 16.1.2 Packet Type ID This byte identifies the type of packet. See Table 14 for details. 16.1.3 Opcode The opcode identifies the command to execute. The opcode values can be found within the “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide” included within the LMX9838 Evaluation Board. 16.1.4 Data Length Number of bytes in the Packet Data field. The maximum size is defined with 333 data bytes per packet. 15.2.4 Enabling the UART transport layer from the host If the host needs to send data or commands to the LMX9838 while the UART Transport Layer is disabled it must first assume that the LMX9838 is sleeping and wake it up using its RTS signal. When the LMX9838 detects the Wake-Up signal it activates the UART HW and acknowledges the Wake-Up signal by settings its RTS. Additionally the Wake up will be confirmed by a confirmation event. When the Host has received this “Transport Layer Enabled” event, the LMX9838 is ready to receive commands. 16.1.5 Checksum: This is a simple Block Check Character (BCC) checksum of the bytes “Packet type”, “Opcode” and “Data Length”. The BCC checksum is calculated as low byte of the sum of all bytes (e.g., if the sum of all bytes is 0x3724, the checksum is 0x24). 30027907 FIGURE 8. Bluetooth Functionality TABLE 13. Package Framing Start Delimiter Packet Type ID Opcode Data Length Check sum Packet Data End Delimiter 1 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 2 Bytes 1 Byte <Data Length> Bytes 1 Byte - - - - - - - - - - - - - Checksum - - - - - - - - - - - - - www.national.com 18 LMX9838 TABLE 14. Packet Type Identification ID Direction Description 0x52 'R' REQUEST (REQ) A request sent to the Bluetooth module. All requests are answered by exactly one confirm. 0x43 'C' Confirm (CFM) The Bluetooth modules confirm to a request. All requests are answered by exactly one confirm. 0x69 'i' Indication (IND) Information sent from the Bluetooth module that is not a direct confirm to a request. Indicating status changes, incoming links, or unrequested events. 0x72 'r' Response (RES) An optional response to an indication. This is used to respond to some type of indication message. • Set up and handle links Table 15 through Table 25 show the actual command set and the events coming back from the device. A full documented description of the commands can be found in the “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide”. 16.2 COMMAND SET OVERVIEW The LMX9838 has a well defined command set to: • Configure the device: — Hardware settings — Local Bluetooth parameters — Service database Note: For standard Bluetooth operation only commands from Table 15 through Table 17 will be used. Most of the remaining commands are for configuration purposes only. TABLE 15. Device Discovery Command Inquiry Remote Device Name Event Description Inquiry Complete Search for devices Device Found Lists BDADDR and class of device Remote Device Name Confirm Get name of remote device TABLE 16. SDAP Client Commands Command Event Description SDAP Connect SDAP Connect Confirm Create an SDP connection to remote device SDAP Disconnect SDAP Disconnect Confirm Disconnect an active SDAP link Connection Lost Notification for lost SDAP link SDAP Service Browse Service Browse Confirm Get the services of the remote device SDAP Service Search SDAP Service Search Confirm Search a specific service on a remote device SDAP Attribute Request SDAP Attribute Request Confirm Searches for services with specific attributes TABLE 17. SPP Link Establishment Command Establish SPP Link Event Description Establishing SPP Link Confirm Initiates link establishment to a remote device Link Established Link successfully established Incoming Link A remote device established a link to the local device Set Link Timeout Set Link Timeout Confirm Confirms the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link Get Link Timeout Get Link Timeout Confirm Get the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link Release SPP Link Release SPP Link Confirm Initiate release of SPP link SPP Send Data SPP Send Data Confirm Send data to specific SPP port Incoming Data Incoming data from remote device Transparent Mode Confirm Switch to Transparent mode on the UART Transparent Mode TABLE 18. Storing Default Connections Command Event Description Connect Default Connection Connect Default Connection Confirm Connects to either one or all stored default connections Store Default Connection Store Default Connection Confirm Store device as default connection Get list of Default Connections List of Default Devices Delete Default Connections Delete Default Connections Confirm 19 www.national.com LMX9838 TABLE 19. Bluetooth Low Power Modes Command Event Description Set Default Link Policy Set Default Link Policy Confirm Defines the link policy used for any incoming or outgoing link Get Default Link Policy Get Default Link Policy Confirm Returns the stored default link policy Set Link Policy Set Link Policy Confirm Defines the modes allowed for a specific link Get Link Policy Get Link Policy Confirm Returns the actual link policy for the link Enter Sniff Mode Enter Sniff Mode Confirm Exit Sniff Mode Exit Sniff Mode Confirm Enter Hold Mode Enter Hold Mode Confirm Power Save Mode Changed Remote device changed power save mode on the link TABLE 20. Audio Control Commands Command Establish SCO Link Event Description Establish SCO Link Confirm Establish SCO Link on existing RFComm Link SCO Link Established Indicator A remote device has established a SCO link to the local device Release SCO Link Confirm Release SCO Link Audio Control SCO Link Released Indicator SCO Link has been released Change SCO Packet Type Confirm Changes Packet Type for existing SCO link SCO Packet Type changed indicator SCO Packet Type has been changed Set Audio Settings Set Audio Settings Confirm Set Audio Settings for existing Link Get Audio Settings Get Audio Settings Confirm Get Audio Settings for existing Link Set Volume Set Volume Confirm Configure the volume Get Volume Get Volume Confirm Get current volume setting Mute Mute Confirm Mutes the microphone input Release SCO Link Change SCO Packet Type TABLE 21. Wake Up Functionality Command Disable Transport Layer Event Description Transport Layer Enabled Disabling the UART Transport Layer and activates the Hardware Wakeup function TABLE 22. SPP Port Configuration and Status Command Event Description Set Port Config Set Port Config Confirm Set port setting for the virtual serial port link over the air Get Port Config Get Port Config Confirm Read the actual port settings for a virtual serial port Port Config Changed Notification if port settings were changed from remote device SPP Get Port Status SPP Get Port Status Confirm Returns status of DTR, RTS (for the active RFComm link) SPP Port Set DTR SPP Port Set DTR Confirm Sets the DTR bit on the specified link SPP Port Set RTS SPP Port Set RTS Confirm Sets the RTS bit on the specified link SPP Port BREAK SPP Port BREAK Indicates that the host has detected a break SPP Port Overrun Error SPP Port Overrun Error Confirm Used to indicate that the host has detected an overrun error SPP Port Parity Error SPP Port Parity Error Confirm Host has detected a parity error SPP Port Framing Error SPP Port Framing Error Confirm Host has detected a framing error SPP Port Status Changed Indicates that remote device has changed one of the port status bits www.national.com 20 LMX9838 TABLE 23. Local Bluetooth Settings Command Event Description Read Local Name Read Local Name Confirm Read actual friendly name of the device Write Local Name Write Local Name Confirm Set the friendly name of the device Read Local BDADDR Read Local BDADDR Confirm Change Local BDADDR Change Local BDADDR Confirm Note: The BDADDR is programmed by NSC. It can not be retrieved if erased! Store Class of Device Store Class of Device Confirm Set Scan Mode Set Scan Mode Confirm Change mode for discoverability and connectability Set Scan Mode Indication Reports end of Automatic limited discoverable mode Get Fixed Pin Get Fixed Pin Confirm Reads current PinCode stored within the device Set Fixed Pin Set Fixed Pin Confirm Set the local PinCode PIN request a PIN code is requested during authentication of an ACL link Get Security Mode Get Security Mode Confirm Get actual Security mode Set Security Mode Set Security Mode Confirm Configure Security mode for local device (default 2) Remove Pairing Remove Pairing Confirm Remove pairing with a remote device List Paired Devices List of Paired Devices Get list of paired devices stored in the LMX9838 data memory Set Default Link Timeout Set Default Link Timeout Confirm Store default link supervision timeout Get Default Link Timeout Get Default Link Timeout Confirm Get stored default link supervision timeout Force Master Role Force Master Role Confirm Enables/Disables the request for master role at incoming connections TABLE 24. Local Service Database Configuration Command Event Description Store generic SDP Record Store SDP Record Confirm Create a new service record within the service database Enable SDP Record Enable SDP Record Confirm Enable or disable SDP records Delete All SDP Records Delete All SDP Records Confirm Ports to Open Ports to Open Confirmed Specify the RFComm Ports to open on startup TABLE 25. Local Hardware Commends Command Event Description Set Default Audio Settings Set Default Audio Settings Confirm Configure Default Settings for Audio Codec and Air Format, stored in NVS Get Default Audio Settings Get Default Audio Settings Confirm Get stored Default Audio Settings Set Event Filter Set Event Filter Confirm Configures the reporting level of the command interface Get Event Filter Get Event Filter Confirm Get the status of the reporting level Read RSSI Read RSSI Confirm Returns an indicator for the incoming signal strength Change UART Speed Change UART Speed Confirm Set specific UART speed; needs proper ISEL pin setting Change UART Settings Change UART Settings Confirm Change configuration for parity and stop bits Test Mode Test Mode Confirm Enable Bluetooth, EMI test, or local loopback Restore Factory Settings Restore Factory Settings Confirm Reset Dongle Ready Soft reset Firmware Upgrade Stops the bluetooth firmware and executes the In-systemprogramming code Set Clock Frequency Set Clock Frequency Confirm Write Clock Frequency setting in the NVS Get Clock Frequency Get Clock Frequency Confirm Read Clock Frequency setting from the NVS Set PCM Slave Configuration Set PCM Slave Configuration Confirm Write the PCM Slave Configuration in the NVS Write ROM Patch Write ROM Patch Confirm Store ROM Patch in the Simply Blue module Read Memory Read Memory Confirm Read from the internal RAM Write Memory Write Memory Confirm Write to the internal RAM 21 www.national.com LMX9838 Command Event Description Read NVS Read NVS Confirm Read from the NVS (EEPROM) Write NVS Write NVS Confirm Write to the NVS (EEPROM) TABLE 26. Initialization Commands Command Event Description Set Clock and Baudrate Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used Enter Bluetooth Mode Enter Bluetooth Mode Confirm Request SimplyBlue module to enter BT mode Set Clock and Baudrate Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used TABLE 27. GPIO Control Commands Command Event Description Set GPIO WPU Set GPIO WPU Confirm Enable/Disable weak pull up resistor on GPIOs Get GPIO Input State Get GPIO Input States Confirm Read the status of the GPIOs Set GPIO Direction Set GPIO Direction Confirm Set the GPIOs direction (Input, Ouput) Set GPIO Output High Set GPIO Output High Confirm Set GPIOs Output to logical High Set GPIO Output Low Set GPIO Output Low Confirm Set GPIOs Output to logical Low www.national.com 22 The different possibilities to power supply the LMX9838 depend on the IO interface logic level. Figure 9 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 3.0V to 3.3V IO interface. Figure 10 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 2.5V to 3.0V IO interface. Figure 11 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V to 2.5V IO interface. Figure 12 represents an example of system functional schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V IO interface. 17.2 FREQUENCY AND BAUDRATE SELECTION OP3, OP4, OP5 can be strapped to the host logic 0 and 1 levels to set the host interface boot-up configuration. Alternatively all OP3, OP4, OP5 can be hardwired over 1k Ohm pullup/pulldown resistors. See Table 7. 30027908 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. FIGURE 9. 3.0V to 3.3V Example Functional System Schematic 23 www.national.com LMX9838 17.1 FILTERED POWER SUPPLY It is important to provide the LMX9838 with adequate ground planes and a filtered power supply. It is highly recommended that a 2.2 μF and a 100 nF bypass capacitor be placed as close as possible to the power supply pins VCC, MVCC, and VCC_IO. 17.0 Application Notes LMX9838 30027909 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions. FIGURE 10. 2.5V to 3.0V Example Functional System Schematic 30027910 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions. FIGURE 11. 1.8V to 2.5V Example Functional System Schematic www.national.com 24 LMX9838 30027911 Notes: Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification. MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions. FIGURE 12. 1.8V Example Functional System Schematic 25 www.national.com FIGURE 13. 30027915 LMX9838 18.0 Evaluation Design www.national.com 26 The LMX9838 bumps are designed to melt as part of the Surface Mount Assembly (SMA) process. In order to ensure reflow of all solder bumps and maximum solder joint reliability while minimizing damage to the package, recommended reflow profiles should be used. TABLE 28. Soldering Details Parameter Value PCB Land Pad Diameter 13 mil PCB Solder Mask Opening 19 mil PCB Finish (HASL details) Defined by customer or manufacturing facility Stencil Aperture 17 mil Stencil Thickness 5 mil Solder Paste Used Defined by customer or manufacturing facility Flux Cleaning Process Defined by customer or manufacturing facility Reflow Profiles See Figure 14 TABLE 29. Classification Reflow Profiles (Note 27), (Note 28) Profile Feature NOPB Assembly Average Ramp-Up Rate (TsMAX to Tp) 3°C/second maximum Preheat: Temperature Min (TsMIN) Temperature Max (TsMAX) Time (tsMIN to tsMAX) 150°C 200°C 60 – 180 seconds Time maintained above: Temperature (TL) Time (tL) 217°C 60 – 150 seconds Peak/Classification Temperature (Tp) 250 + 0°C Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature (tp) 20 – 40 seconds Ramp-Down Rate 6°C/second maximum Time 25 °C to Peak Temperature 8 minutes maximum Reflow Profiles See Figure 14 Note 27: See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004. Note 28: All temperatures refer to the top side of the package, measured on the package body surface. 30027912 FIGURE 14. Typical Reflow Profiles 27 www.national.com LMX9838 Table 28, Table 29 and Figure 14 provide the soldering details required to properly solder the LMX9838 to standard PCBs. The illustration serves only as a guide and National is not liable if a selected profile does not work. See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004 for more information. 19.0 Soldering LMX9838 Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by tuning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the distance between the equipment and the receiver. • Connect the equipment to outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Caution: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation. This device must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Canada – Industry Canada (IC) This device complies with RSS 210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of this device.” L ‘ utilisation de ce dispositif est autorisée seulement aux conditions suivantes : (1) il ne doit pas produire d’interference et (2) l’ utilisateur du dispositif doit étre pr?t ? accepter toute interference radioélectrique reçu, m?me si celle-ci est susceptible de compromettre le fonctionnement du dispositif. Caution: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation. The installer of this radio equipment must ensure that the antenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population; consult Safety Code 6, obtainable from Health Canada’s website www.hc-sc.gc.ca/rpb. 20.0 Regulatory Compliance The LMX9838 has been tested and approved to be compliant to the following regulatory standards: CE Compliance: • EN 300 328 v1.7.1 • EN 301 489-17 v1.2.1 IC Compliance: • RSS-GEN Issue 1 • RSS-210 Issue 7 Annex 8 and RSS-GEN issue 2 FCC Compliance: • FCC Part 15 Subpart C 20.1 FCC INSTRUCTIONS 20.1.1 Safety Information For Rf Exposure 20.1.1.1 FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This module may only be installed by the OEM or an OEM integrator. The antenna used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. OEM integrators and End-users and installers must be provided with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. Only the antenna filed under FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 can be used with this device. 20.1.1.2 End Product Labeling FCC ID label on the final system must be labeled with “Contains TX FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 “or “Contains transmitter module FCC ID: ED9LMX9838”. IC label on the final system must be labeled with “Contains TX IC: 1520A-LMX9838” or “Contains transmitter module IC: 1520A-LMX9838”. 20.1.1.3 End Product Manual Information In the user manual, final system integrator must ensure that there is no instruction provided in the user manual to install or remove the transmitter module. LMX9838SB must be installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions as described in the user documentation that comes with the product. The following information is required to be incorporated in the user manual of final system. USA-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC www.national.com 28 LMX9838 21.0 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted NS Package Number SB70A 29 www.national.com LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module Notes THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. NATIONAL MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS PUBLICATION AND RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES TO SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. NO LICENSE, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, ARISING BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. TESTING AND OTHER QUALITY CONTROLS ARE USED TO THE EXTENT NATIONAL DEEMS NECESSARY TO SUPPORT NATIONAL’S PRODUCT WARRANTY. EXCEPT WHERE MANDATED BY GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS, TESTING OF ALL PARAMETERS OF EACH PRODUCT IS NOT NECESSARILY PERFORMED. NATIONAL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR APPLICATIONS ASSISTANCE OR BUYER PRODUCT DESIGN. BUYERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS USING NATIONAL COMPONENTS. PRIOR TO USING OR DISTRIBUTING ANY PRODUCTS THAT INCLUDE NATIONAL COMPONENTS, BUYERS SHOULD PROVIDE ADEQUATE DESIGN, TESTING AND OPERATING SAFEGUARDS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN NATIONAL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, NATIONAL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND NATIONAL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY RELATING TO THE SALE AND/OR USE OF NATIONAL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: Life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor and the National Semiconductor logo are registered trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. All other brand or product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Copyright© 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com National Semiconductor Americas Customer Support Center Email: [email protected] Tel: 1-800-272-9959 www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Customer Support Center Fax: +49 (0) 180-530-85-86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +49 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Support Center Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Customer Support Center Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 Email: [email protected] Tel: 81-3-5639-7560