DC-DC Converter Applications - Recom International Power Gmbh

DC-DC Converter Applications
Content
●
Terminology
Long Distance Supply Lines
Input Range
LCD Display Bias
Load Regulation
EIA-232 Interface
Line Voltage Regulation
Output Voltage Accuracy
Input and Output Ripple and Noise
●
●
EMC Filter Suggestion
●
General Test Set-Up
3V/5V Logic Mixed Supply Rails
●
Input Voltage Range
Isolated Data Acquisition System
●
PI Filter
●
Output Voltage Accuracy
●
Voltage Balance
●
Line Regulations
●
Load Regulation
●
Efficiency
●
Switching Frequency
●
Output Ripple and Noise
●
Output Ripple and Noise
(continued)
●
Transient Recovery Time
●
Current Limiting
●
Fold Back Current Limiting
●
Isolation
●
Break-Down Voltage
●
Temperature Coefficient
●
Ambient Temperature
●
Operating Temperature Range
Component Alignment
●
Storage Temperature Range
Solder Pad Design
●
Output Voltage Trimming
EMC Considerations
Input to Output Isolation
Power Supply Considerations
Insulation Resistance
Interpretation of DC-DC Converter EMC
Data
Conducted and Radiated Emissions
Efficiency at FulI Load
Temperature Drift
Switching Frequency
Line Impedance
Stabilisation Network (LISN)
No Load Power Consumption
Shielding
Line Spectra of DC-DC Converters
Isolation Capacitance
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
Noise
Operating Temperature Range
Calculation of Heatsinks
●
Temperature Performance
of DC-DC Converters
●
Transfer Moulded
(SMD) DC-DC Converters
Production Guideline Application Note
Component Materials
●
Isolation
Isolation Voltage vs. Rated Working
Voltage
Component Placement
●
Isolation mode in IGBT Driver Circuits
●
Connecting DC-DC Converters in Series
Solder Reflow Profile
●
Connecting DC-DC Converters in Parallel
Recommended Solder Reflow Profile
●
Filtering
Adhesive Requirements
Output Filtering Calculation
Powerline – Definitions and Testing
Adhesive Placement
●
Limiting Inrush Current
Cleaning
●
Maximum Output Capacitance
Vapour Phase Reflow Soldering
●
Settling Time
●
Isolation Capacitance
and Leakage Current
●
Application Examples
Overload Protection
Input Voltage Drop-Out (brown-outs)
No Load Over Voltage Lock-Out
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July-2006
301
DC-DC Converter Applications
Terminology
The data sheet specification for DC-DC converters contains a large quantity of information. This terminology is aimed at ensuring that the user can interpret the data provided correctly and obtain the necessary
information for their circuit application.
Input Range
The range of input voltage that the device
can tolerate and maintain functional performance over the Operating Temperature
Range at full load.
Load Regulation
The change in output voltage over the specified change in output load. Usually specified as a percentage of the nominal output
voltage, for example, if a 1V change in output voltage is measured on a 12V output
device, load voltage regulation is 8.3%. For
unregulated devices the load voltage regulation is specified over the load range from
10% to 100% of full load.
Line Voltage Regulation
The change in output voltage for a given
change in input voltage, expressed as percentages. For example, assume a 12V input, 5V output device exhibited a 0.5V
change at the output for a 1.2V change at
the input, line regulation would be 1 %/1%.
Output Voltage Accuracy
The proximity of the output voltage to the
specified nominal value. This is given as a
tolerance envelope for unregulated devices
with the nominal input voltage applied. For
example, a 5V specified output device at
100% load may exhibit a measured output
voltage of 4.75V, i.e. a voltage accuracy of
–5%).
Input and Output Ripple and Noise
The amount of voltage drop at the input, or
output between switching cycles. The value
of voltage ripple is a measure of the storage
ability of the filter capacitors. The values
given in the datasheets include the higher
frequency Noise interference superimposed
on the ripple due to switching spikes.The
measurement is limited to 20MHz
Bandwidth.
Input to Output Isolation
The dielectric breakdown strength test between input and output circuits. This is the
isolation voltage the device is capable of
withstanding for a specified time, usually 1 second (for more details see chapter “Isolation
Voltage vs. Rated Working Voltage”).
302
Insulation Resistance
The resistance between input and output circuits. This is usually measured at 500V DC
isolation voltage.
The equation for the hybrid model is then
given by:
λ = ∑ (NC λC) (1 + 0.2πE) πL πF πQ
(failures in 106 hours)
Efficiency at FulI Load
The ratio of power delivered from the device
to power supplied to the device when the
part is operating under 100% load conditions at 25°C.
The MTBF figure is the reciprocal of this value.
In the data sheets, all figures for MTBF are
given for the ground benign (GB) environment (πE = 0.5); this is considered the most
appropriate for the majority of applications
in which these devices are likely to be used.
However, this is not the only operating environment possible, hence those users wishing to incorporate these devices into a
more severe environment can calculate the
predicted MTBF from the following data.
The MIL-HDBK-217F has military environments specified, hence some interpretation
of these is required to apply them to standard commercial environments. Table 1 gives
approximate cross references from MILHDBK-217F descriptions to close commercial equivalents. Please note that these are
not implied by MIL-HDBK-217F, but are our
interpretation. Also we have reduced the
number of environments from 14 to 6,
which are most appropriate to commercial
applications. For a more detailed understanding of the environments quoted and the
hybrid model, it is recommended that a full
copy of MIL-HDBK-217F is obtained.
It is interesting to note that space flight and
ground benign have the same environment
factors. It could be suggested that the act of
achieving space flight should be the determining environmental factor (i.e. missile launch).
The hybrid model equation can therefore be
rewritten for any given hybrid, at a fixed
temperature, so that the environmental factor is the only variable:
λ = k (1 + 0.2 πE)
Temperature Drift
The change in voltage, expressed as a percentage of the nominal, per degree change in
ambient temperature. This parameter is related to several other temperature dependent
parameters, mainly internal component drift.
Switching Frequency
The nominal frequency of operation of the
switching circuit inside the DC-DC converter. The ripple observed on the input and
output pins is usually twice the switching
frequency, due to full wave rectification and
the push-pull configuration of the driver circuit.
No Load Power Consumption
This is a measure of the switching circuits
power cunsumption; it is determined with
zero output load and is a limiting factor for
the total efficiency of the device.
Isolation Capacitance
The input to output coupling capacitance.
This is not actually a capacitor, but the parasitic capacitive coupling between the transformer primary and secondary windings.
Isolation capacitance is typically measured
at 1 MHz to reduce the possibility of the onboard filter capacitors affecting the results.
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
RECOM uses MIL-HDBK-217F standard for
calculation of MTBF values for +25°C as
well as for max. operating temperature and
100% load. When comparing MTBF values
with other vendor's products, please take
into account the different conditions and
standards i.e. MIL-HDBK-217E is not as severe
and therefore values shown will be higher than
those shown by RECOM. (1000 x 10³ hours
=1000000 hours = 114 years!)
These figures are calculated expected device lifetime figures using the hybrid circuit
model of MIL-HDBK-217F. POWERLINE converters also can use BELLCORE TR-NWT000332 for calculation of MTBF. The hybrid
model has various accelerating factors for
operating environment (πE), maturity (πL),
screening (πQ), hybrid function (πF) and a
The MTBF values for other environment factors can therefore be calculated from the
ground benign figure quoted at each temperature point in the data book. Hence predicted MTBF figures for other environments
can be calculated very quickly. All the values
will in general be lower and, since the majority of the mobile environments have the
same factor, a quick divisor can be calculated for each condition. Therefore the only
calculation necessary is to devide the quoted MTBF fig. by the divisor given in table 2.
summation of each individual component
characteristic (λC).
July-2006
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DC-DC Converter Applications
Environment
Ground
Benign
πE
Symbol
GB
Ground
Mobile
GM
Naval
Sheltered
NS
Aircraft
Inhabited
Cargo
AIC
Space
Flight
SF
Missile
Launch
ML
MIL-HDBK-271F
Description
Non-mobile, temperature and
humidity controlled environments
readily accessible to maintenance
Equipment installed in wheeled or
tracked vehicles and equipment
manually transported
Sheltered or below deck
equipment on surface ships or
submarines
Typical conditions in cargo
compartments which can be
occupied by aircrew
Earth orbital. Vehicle in neither
powered flight nor in atmospheric
re-entry
Severe conditions relating
to missile launch
Commercial Interpretation
or Examples
Laboratory equipment, test
instruments, desktop PC's,
static telecomms
In-vehicle instrumentation,
mobile radio and telecomms,
portable PC's
Navigation, radio equipment
and instrumentation below
deck
Pressurised cabin compartments and cock-pit, in flight
entertainment and non-safety
critical applications
Orbital communications satellite, equipment only operated
once in-situ
Severe vibrational shock and
very high accelerating forces,
satellite launch conditions
Table 1: Interpretation of Environmental Factors
VO
DC
VIN
DC
GND
0V
a) Single Output
DC
VIN
+VO
0V
-VO
DC
GND
b) Dual Output
VIN
VO 1
0V1
VO2
0V2
DC
DC
GND
c) Twin Isolated Outputs
Figure 1: Standard Isolated Configurations
VCC
+VO
DC
Environment
πE
Symbol
πE Divisor
Value
Ground Benign
GB
0.5
1.00
Ground Mobile
Naval Sheltered
Aircraft
Inhabited
Cargo
Space Flight
Missile Launch
GM
GNS
4.0
4.0
1.64
1.64
AIC
4.0
1.64
SF
ML
0.5
12.0
1.00
3.09
Table 2: Environmental Factors
Noise
Input conducted noise is given in the line
conducted spectra for each DC-DC converter (see EMC issues for further details).
Noise is affected significantly by PCB layout,
measurement system configuration, terminating impedance etc., and is difficult to
quote reliably and with any accuracy other
than via a spectrum analysis type plot.
There will be some switching noise present
on top of the ripple, however, most of this is
easily reduced by use of small capacitors or
filter inductors, as shown in the application
notes.
Operating temperature range:
Operating temperature range of the converter is limited due to specifications of the
components used for the internal circuit of
the converter.
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The diagram for temperature derating
shows the safe operating area (SOA) within
which the device is allowed to operate. At
very low temperatures, the specifications
are only guaranteed for full load.
Up to a certain temperature 100% power
can be drawn from the device, above this
temperature the output power has to be
less to ensure function and guarantee specifications over the whole lifetime of the
converter.
These temperature values are valid for
natural convection only. If the converter is
used in a closed case or in a potted PCB
board, higher temperatures will be present
in the area around thermal converter because the convection may be blocked.
If the same power is also needed at higher
temperatures either the next higher wattage
series should be chosen or if the converter
has a metal case, a heatsink may be considererd.
Calculation of heatsinks:
All converters in metal-cases can have a
heatsink mounted so the heat generated
by the converters internal power dissipation Pd can be removed. The general specification of the whole thermal system incl.
heatsink is it’s thermal resistance
RTH case-ambient
July-2006
DC
0V
-VO
GND
a) Non-lsolated Dual Rails
VCC
DC
DC
+VO
0V
-VO
GND
b) Non-lsolated Negative Rail
VCC
DC
DC
+VO
(VO+VIN)
0V
GND
c) Dual Isolated Outputs (U/T)
Figure 2: Alternative Supply Configurations
Power dissipation Pd:
Pd = Pin − Pout =
RTHcase-ambient
=
Pout
− Pout
Efficiency
Tcase − Tambient
Pd
303
DC-DC Converter Applications
Example: RP30-2405SEW starts derating
without heatsink at +65°C but the desired
operation is 30W at +75°C so the size of
the heatsink has to be calculated.
Pout = 30 W
Efficiency = 88% max.
30 W
Pout
– 30 W = 4,1 W
Pd =
− Pout =
Efficiency
88 %
Tcase = 100 °C (max. allowed case temperature)
Tambient = 75 °C
RTHcase-ambient
T −T
= case ambient
Pd
= 100 °C – 75 °C = 6,1°C/W
4,1 W
So it has to be ensured that the thermal
resistance between case and ambient is
6,1°C/W max.
When mounting a heatsink on a case there
is a thermal resistance RTH case-heatsink between case and heatsink which can be
reduced by using thermal conductivity paste
but cannot be eliminated totally.
Heatsink mounted on case
without thermal conductivity paste
RTH case-heatsink = ca. 1…2 °C/W
Heatsink mounted on case
with thermal conductivity paste
RTH case-heatsink = ca. 0,5…1 °C/W
Heatsink mounted on case
with thermal conductivity paste
and electrical-isolation-film
RTH case-heatsink = ca. 1…1,5 °C/W
If a heatsink is mounted on the converter it’s thermal resistance has to be at least:
RTHheat sink-ambient = RTHcase-ambient − RTHcase-heat sink = 6,1 °C/W – 1°C/W = 5,1 °C/W
Using this value, a suitable heat sink can be
selected.
Adding a fan increases the efficiency of any
additional heat sinking, but adds cost and
power loading.
In most cases choosing the next higher
wattage-series and using power-decreasing via derating may be the more efficient
solution.
only, hence referencing the isolated ground
will only work if all the current return is
through the DC-DC and not via other external components (e.g. diode bias, resistor
feed). Having an alternative return path can
upset the regulation and the performance of
the system may not equal that of the converter.
Isolation Voltage vs. Rated Working
Voltage
The isolation voltage given in the datasheet
is valid for 1 second flash tested only.
If a isolation barrier is required for longer or
infinite time the Rated Working Voltage has
to be used.
Conversion of Isolation Voltage to Rated
Working Voltage can be done by using this
table or graph.
Isolation
One of the main features of the majority of
Recom International Power GmbH DC-DC
converters is their high galvanic isolation
capability. This allows several variations on
circuit topography by using a single DC-DC
converter.
The basic input to output isolation can be
used to provide either a simple isolated output power source, or to generate different
voltage rails, and/or dual polarity rails (see
figure 1).
These configurations are most often found
in instrumentation, data processing and
other noise sensitive circuits, where it is
necessary to isolate the load and noise presented to the local power supply rails from
that of the entire system. Usually local supply noise appears as common mode noise
at the converter and does not pollute the
main system power supply rails.
The isolated positive output can be connected to the input ground rail to generate a
negative supply rail if required. Since the
output is isolated from the input, the choice
of reference voltage for the output side can
be arbitrary, for example an additional single
rail can be generated above the main supply
rail, or offset by some other DC value (see
figure 2).
Regulated converters need more consideration than the unregulated types for mixing
the reference level. Essentially the single
supply rail has a regulator in its +VO rail
304
Isolation Test Voltage (kV)
RTHcase-ambient = RTHcase-heat sink + RTHheat sink-ambient
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Rated Working Voltage (kV)
Figure 5: IEC950 Test Voltage for Electrical Strength Tests
Isolation Test Voltage (V)
Rated Working Voltage (V)
1000
130
1500
230
3000
1100
6000
3050
Table 2: Typical Breakdown Voltage Ratings According to IEC950
July-2006
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DC-DC Converter Applications
The graph and table above show the requirements from IEC950. According to our
Isolation Test Voltage
(1 second)
500 VDC
1000 VDC
1500 VDC
2000 VDC
2500 VDC
3000 VDC
4000 VDC
5000 VDC
6000 VDC
experience and in-house-test, we can offer
the following conversion tables:
Isolation Test Voltage
(1 minute)
400 VDC
800 VDC
1200 VDC
1600 VDC
2000 VDC
2400 VDC
3200 VDC
4000 VDC
4800 VDC
Isolation Test Voltage
(1 minute)
250 VAC
500 VAC
750 VAC
1000 VAC
1250 VAC
1500 VAC
2000 VAC
2500 VAC
3000 VAC
Table 1 : D.C. Isolation Voltage test vs different conditions
Isolation Test Voltage
(1 second)
500 VAC
1000 VAC
1500 VAC
2000 VAC
2500 VAC
3000 VAC
4000 VAC
5000 VAC
6000 VAC
Isolation Test Voltage
(1 minute)
350 VAC
700 VAC
1050 VAC
1400 VAC
1750 VAC
2100 VAC
2800 VAC
3500 VAC
4200 VAC
Isolation Test Voltage
(1 minute)
565 VDC
1130 VDC
1695 VDC
2260 VDC
2825 VDC
3390 VDC
4520 VDC
5650 VDC
6780 VDC
Table 2 : A.C. Isolation Voltage test vs different conditions
Isolation mode in IGBT driver circuits
DC/DC converters may be used in driver circuits for IGBT stacks. In these applications, an additional source of stress has to be considered. Not only the permanently high isolation voltage requiring a high rated working voltage for the converter is present, but also the highly
dynamic switching is a stressing factor - this can reach 20kV/µs and more !
Taking into account that both factors mean a permanent stress to the converter for all of it's lifetime, it is recommended to overspec the
converter in terms of isolation - i.e. even if a 3kVDC (for 2 second) product seems to fit if you look at just the rated working voltage that is
required, it still is recommended to choose a product which is specified for 5,2kVDC or 6kVDC (for 1 second) to cover also the high dv/dt.
The higher the isolation voltage rating for a DC/DC converter is, the lower the coupling (isolation) capacitance and a low coupling capacitance is essential in AC or highly dynamic switched DC usage.
This will ensure a safe usage and avoid a shortened lifetime in such a highly demanding situation.
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July-2006
305
DC-DC Converter Applications
Vcc
Connecting
DC-DC Converters in Series
DC
Galvanic isolation of the output allows multiple converters to be connected in series,
simply by connecting the positive output of
one converter to the negative of another (see
figure 3). In this way non-standard voltage
rails can be generated, however, the current
output of the highest output voltage converter should not be exceeded.
When converters are connected in series,
additional filtering is strongly recommended,
as the converters switching circuits are not
synchronised. As well as a summation of the
ripple voltages, the output could also produce relatively large beat frequencies. A capacitor across the output will help, as will a
series inductor (see filtering).
DC
DC
0V
+Vo
DC
2Vo
0V
GND
have to deliver less current. The overloaded
converter may then drop out of circuit leading to power supply oscillation.
The only possibility to balance out the individual currents is to use a special balance
function (like in R-5xxx) or use converters
with SENSE function and additional loadshare-controllers (as can be done for RP40xxxxSG).
Vcc
Figure 3: Connecting DC-DC Converters in Series
DC
+V
DC
Connecting
DC-DC Converters in Parallel
Balance
Link
Connecting the outputs of DC/DC converters
in parallel is possible but not recommended.
Usually DC/DC converters have no possibility to balance out the output currents. So
there is potential danger that if the loading
is asymmetrical, that one of the converters
starts to be overloaded while the others
+Vout
DC/DC
Converter 1
+Vo
DC
DC
0V
GND
Figure 4: Paralleled DC-DC Converters with Balance
Function.
RADJ
+Sense
-Sense
RSENSE
-Vout
ADJ
Sense VCC
Load Share
Control +Share
-Share
+Vout
DC/DC
Converter 2
System
VCC
RADJ
+Sense
-Sense
RSENSE
-Vout
ADJ
Sense VCC
System
GND
-Share
Connected
to System
GND
Load Share
Control +Share
-Share
Figure 5: Paralleled DC-DC Converters using Load Share Controllers
306
July-2006
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DC-DC Converter Applications
Filtering
When reducing the ripple from the converter, at either the input or the output, there
are several aspects to be considered.
Recom recommend filtering using simple
passive LC networks at both input and output (see figure 6). A passive RC network
could be used, however, the power loss
through a resistor is often too high.The selfresonant frequency of the inductor needs to
be significantly higher than the characteristic frequency of the device (typically
1OOkHz for Recom DC-DC converters). The
DC current rating of the inductor also needs
consideration, a rating of approximately twice
the supply current is recommended.
The DC resistance of the inductor is the final
consideration that will give an indication of
the DC power loss to be expected from the
inductor.
Output Filtering calculation:
Calculating of the filtering components can
be done using
fc =
fc =10 % of 85 kHz = 8,5 kHz
However, depending on your application
design and loadsituation may interfer with
the calculated filter so testing in the final
application and re-adjustment of the component’s values may be necessary.
When choosing a value for the filtering
capacitor please take care that the maximum capacitive load is within the specifications of the converter.
Better results in filtering can be achieved if
common mode chokes are used instead of a
single choke. Common mode chokes are
multiple chokes sharing a core material so
the common mode rejection (Electrical noise
which comes through one power line and
returns to the noise source through some
type of ground path is common mode
noise.) is higher. Please refer to our page
"Common Mode Chokes for EMC" also part
of these application notes. These can be
used for input filtering as well as for the output side.
( –RCt )
When the component is initially switched on
(i.e. t=O) this simplifies to;
i=V
R
This would imply that for a 5V input, with
say 50mOhm track and wire resistance, the
inrush current could be as large as 1OOA.
This could cause a problem for the DC-DC
converter.
A series input inductor therefore not only filters
the noise from the internal switching circuit,
but also limits the inrush current at switch on.
Using a series inductor at the input will limit
the current that can be seen at switch on
(see figure 7).
1
2π L OUT C0
Example - RC series:
Operating frequency = 85kHz max.
1
V
i =_
R
–t
Voltage : V = Vin (1 – exp __ )
RC
( )
VIN
V
Current : i = _ exp
R
2π L OUT C0
fc = 8,5 kHz =
i = V exp
R
Limiting Inrush Current
This frequency should be significant lower
than the switching frequency of the converter.
fc =
If we consider the circuit without the series
inductor, then the input current is given by;
( –t__
)
RC
1
time
2π L OUT C0
for:
L OUT = 470 µH
Figure 7: Input Current & Voltage at Switch On
⎞ ⎛
⎛
⎞
1
1
⎟ =⎜
⎟=
C0 = ⎜⎜
2
⎟ ⎜(2 π 8,5 kHz)2 470 uH ⎟ 745 nF
π
(2
f
)
L
c
⎝
⎠
OUT ⎠
⎝
Figure 6: Input and Output Filtering
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July-2006
307
DC-DC Converter Applications
Maximum Output Capacitance
A simple method of reducing the output
ripple is simply to add a large external capacitor. This can be a low cost alternative to
the LC filter approach, although not as
effective. There is also the possibility of causing start up problems, if the output capacitance is too large.
With a large output capacitance at switch
on, there is no charge on the capacitors and
the DC-DC converter immediately experiences a large current demand at its output.
The inrush current can be so large as to
exceed the ability of the DC-DC converter,
and the device can go into current limit or
an undefined mode of operation. In the
worst case scenario the device continuously "hiccups" as it tries to start, goes into
overload shutdown and then retries again.
Single Output
Unregulated 0.25W
Unregulated 0.5W
The DC-DC converter may not survive if this
condition persists.
For the Powerline the maximum capacitive
loads are specified. For Econoline please
refer to the tables below.
If instead of single capacitors on outputs a
L-C-filter is used the max. capacitive laod
can be higher because the choke is preventing too high rising speed of the current
peak. However the achievable max. cap.
load is depending on the quality of the filter
and the ESR of the capacitors.
Settling Time
The main reason for not fitting a series
inductor internally, apart from size constraints, is that many applications require a
fast switch on time. When the input voltage
is a fast ramp, then the output can respond
within 500µs of the input reaching its target
voltage (measured on a range of RA/RB and
RC/RD converters under full output load without external filters). The use of external filters and additional input or output capacitance will slow this reaction time. It is therefore left to the designer to decide on the
predominant factors important for their circuit, settling time or noise performance.
Isolation Capacitance
and Leakage Current
The isolation barrier within the DC-DC converter has a capacitance, which is a measure of the coupling between input and output circuits. Providing this is the largest
coupling source, a calculation of the leakage current between input and output circuits
can be calculated.
Max. capacitive load
Dual Output
4.7µF max.
Single output
Unregulated 1W
Regulated 0.5W
Unregulated 1.25W
6.8µF max.
Unregulated 1.5W
10µF max.
3.3µF max.
2.2W
6.8µF max.
Dual output
Unregulated 2W
Regulated 1W
10µF max.
6.8µF max.
Max. capacitive load for unregulated Econoline models
3.3V
1000µF
5.0V
470µF
9.0V
220µF
12.0V
120µF
15.0V
100µF
±5.0V
±220µF
±9.0V
±100µF
±12.0V
±68µF
±15.0V
±47µF
Max. capacitive load for REC2.2 series
Max. capacitive load
Max. capacitive load
Single output
3W , 5W
Dual output
3.3V
2200µF
5.0V
1000µF
3300µF
5.0V
2200µF
9.0V
680µF
12.0V
330µF
15.0V
220µF
±5.0V
±1000µF
±9.0V
±330µF
9.0V
470µF
12.0V
220µF
15.0V
120µF
±5.0V
±470µF
±9.0V
±220µF
±12.0V
±100µF
±12.0V
±160µF
±15.0V
±68µF
±15.0V
±100µF
Max. capacitive load for REC3 and REC5 series
308
Single output
3.3V
7.5W
Dual output
Max. capacitive load for REC7.5 series
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
DC-DC Converter Applications
Assuming we have a known isolation capacitance (Cis - refer to datasheet) and a known
frequency for either the noise or test signal,
then the expected leakage current (iL) between input and output circuits can be calculated from the impedance.
The general isolation impedance equation
for a given frequency (f) is given by:
Zf = ___1___
j2 π C is
For an RB-0505D, the isolation ca-pacitance is 18pF, hence the isolation im-pedance
to a 50Hz test signal is:
Z50 = ___1_______ = 177 M Ω
j2 π 50 18 pf
If using a test voltage of 1kVrms,
the leakage current is:
iL = Vtest = _1000V_ = 5.65 µA
177MΩ
Z
f
It can be easily observed from these simple
equations that the higher the test or noise
voltage, the larger the leakage current, also
the lower the isolation capacitance, the lower
the leakage current. Hence for low leakage
current, high noise immunity designs, high
isolation DC-DC converters should be selected
with an appropriate low isolation capacitance.
detecting the input current, or the output
voltage (see figure 9).
If there is an intelligent power management
system at the input, using a series resistor
(in place of the series inductor) and detecting the voltage drop across the device to
signal the management system can be
used. A similar scheme can be used at the
output to determine the output voltage,
however, if the management system is on
the input side, the signal will need to be isolated from the controller to preserve the
system isolation barrier (see figure 10).
There are several other current limiting
techniques that can be used to detect an
overload situation, the suitability of these is
left to the designer. The most important
thing to consider is how this information will be
used. If the system needs to signal to a controller the location or module causing the overload,
some form of intelligence will be needed. If
the device simply needs to switch off, a simple fuse type arrangement will be adequate.
Unregulated RECOM DC/DC converters usually are short circuit protected only for a
short time like 1 second. By option they can
be continous short circuit protected (option
/P), then their design is able to withstand the
high output current at overload situation without any need for extra circuit protection. All
Recom DC-DC converters which include an
internal linear regulator have a thermal overload shut-down condition which protects
these devices from excessive over-load. If
this condition is to be used to inform a
power management system, the most suitable arrangement is the output voltage
detector (see figure 10a), since this will fall
to near zero on shut-down. Wide input range
regulated converters offer overload protection / short circuit protection via an internal
circuit that interfers with the primary oscillator so the switching is regulated back in
situations of overload or output short circuit.
VIN
DC
Fuse
DC
GND
Figure 8: Simple Overload Protection
Application Examples
Overload Protection
Although the use of filtering will prevent
excessive current at power-on under normal
operating conditions, many of the lower cost
converters have no protection against an
output circuit taking excessive power or
even going short-circuit. When this happens, the DC-DC converter will take a large
input current to try to supply the output.
Eventually the converter will overheat and
destroy itself if this condition is not rectified
(short circuit overload is only guaranteed for
1 s on an unregulated part).
There are several ways to prevent overload
at the outputs destroying the DC-DC converter. The simplest being a straight forward
fuse. Sufficient tolerance for inrush current
is required to ensure the fuse does not blow
on power-on (see figure 8). Another simple
scheme that can be applied is a circuit
breaker.
There is also the potential to add some intelligence to the overload scheme by either
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RIN
VCC
DC
DC
VOL
GND
a) Series Resistor for Input Current Measurement
VCC
ILIMIT
DC
R1
R2
GND
b) Ground Current Monitor
DC
RGND
Choose current limit (ILIMIT)
and ground resistor (RGND) so
that : 0.7V = RGND x ILIMIT.
Figure 9: Input Monitored Overload Protection
July-2006
309
DC-DC Converter Applications
Input Voltage
Drop-Out (brown-outs)
VCC
+VO
DC
DC
OV
GND
RD
RO
Opto-Isolator
VOL
Opto-Isolated Overload Detector
(On overload +VO falls and the LED switches off, the VOL. line is then pulled high.)
Figure 10 : Ouput Monitored Overload Protection
No Load Over Voltage Lock-Out
LIN
ZDX60
When the input voltage drops, or is momentarily removed, the output circuit would
suffer similar voltage drops. For short period input voltage drops, such as when other
connected circuits have an instantaneous
current demand, or devices are plugged in or
removed from the supply rail while 'hot', a
simple diode-capacitor arrangement can prevent the output circuit from being effected.
The circuit uses a diode feed to a large
reservoir capacitor (typically 47µF electrolytic), which provides a short term reserve
current source for the converter, the diode
blocking other circuits from draining the
capacitor over the supply rail. When combined with an in-line inductor this can also be
used to give very good filtering. The diode
volt drop needs to be considered in the
power supply line under normal supply conditions. A low drop Schottky diode is recommended (see figure 11).
DC
47µF
Output Circuit
DC
Figure 11 : Input Voltage Drop-out
R10%
DC
DC
R10%
Unregulated DC-DC converters are expected
to be under a minimum of 10% load, hence
below this load level the output voltage is
undefined. In certain circuits this could be a
potential problem.
The easiest way to ensure the output voltage remains within a specified tolerance, is to
add external resistors, so that there is
always a minimum 10% loading on the
device (see figure 12). This is rather inefficient in that 10% of the power is always
being taken by this load, hence only 90% is
available to the additional circuitry.
Zener diodes on the output are another simple method. It is recommended that these
be used with a series resistor or inductor, as
when the Zener action occurs, a large current surge may induce signal noise into the
system.
R2
DC
DC
Figure 12: No Load over Voltage Lock-Out
310
July-2006
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DC-DC Converter Applications
Long Distance Supply Lines
When the supply is transmitted via a cable,
there are several reasons why using an isolated DC-DC converter is good design practice (see figure 13). The noise pick up and
EMC susceptibility of a cable is high compared to a pcb track. By isolating the cable via
a DC-DC converter at either end, any cable
pick-up will appear as common mode noise
and should be self-cancelling at the converters.
Another reason is to reduce the cable loss
by using a high voltage, low current power
transfer through the cable and reconverting
RB-0512D
LCD Display Bias
A LCD display typically requires a positive or
negative 24V supply to bias the crystal. The
RO-0524S converter was designed specifically for this application. Having an isolated
OV output, this device can be configured as
a +24V supply by connecting this to the
GND input, or a –24V supply by connecting
the +Vo output to GND (see figure 14).
RO-2405
Cable
DC
Vin
GND
supply is required through the cable, a cable
loss of 44mW.
DC
DC
DC
Target Circuit
Figure 13: Long Distance Power Transfer
RO-0524S
DC
DC
Liquid
Crystal
Display
-24V
(up to 42mA)
Figure 14: LCD Display Bias
at the terminating circuit. This will also reduce noise and EMC susceptibility, since the
noise voltage required to affect the rail is
also raised.
For example, compare a system having a 5V
supply and requiring a 5V, 500mW output at
a remote circuit. Assume the connecting
cable has a 100 Ohm resistance. Using an
RN-0505 to convert the power at either end
of the cable, with a 100mA current, the
cable will lose 1W (I2R) of power.
The RO/RN would not be suitable, since this
is its total power delivery; hence there is no
power available for the terminating circuit.
Using a RB-0512D to generate 24V and a
RA-2405D to regenerate 5V, only a 21 mA
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EIA-232 Interface
In a mains powered PC often several supply rails are available to power a RS232
interface. However, battery operated PC’s or
remote equipment having a RS232 interface added later, or as an option, may not
have the supply rails to power a RS232
interface. Using a RB-0512S is a simple
single chip solution, allowing a fully EIA-232
compatible interface to be implemented
from a single 5V supply rail, and only 2
additional components (see figure 15).
July-2006
3V/5V Logic Mixed Supply Rails
There has been a lot of attention given to
new l.C.'s and logic functions operating at
what is rapidly emerging as the standard
supply level for notebook and palmtop computers. The 3.3V supply is also gaining rapid
acceptance as the defacto standard for personal telecommunications, however, not all
circuit functions required are currently available in a 3.3V powered IC. The system designer therefore has previously had only two
options available; use standard 5V logic or
wait until the required parts are available in
a 3V form, neither being entirely satisfactory and the latter possibly resulting in lost
market share.
There is now another option, mixed logic
functions running from separate supply
rails. A single 3.3V line can be combined
with a range of DC-DC converters from
Recom, to generate voltage levels to run virtually any standard logic or interface IC.
The Recom range includes dual output parts
for powering analogue bipolar and amplifier
functions (RA/RB series), as well a single
output function for localised logic functions
(RL/RM, RN/RO series). A typical example
might be a RS232 interface circuit in a laptop PC using a 3.3V interface chip (such as
the LT1330), which accepts 3.3V logic
signals but requires a 5V supply (see figure
16). Recom has another variation on this
theme and has developed two 5V to 3.3V
step down DC-DC converters (RL-053.3 and
R0-053.3). These have been designed to
allow existing systems to start incorporating available 3.3V l.C.'s without having to
redesign their power supply.
This is particularly important when trying to
reduce the overall power demand of a
system, but not having available all of the
functions at the 3.3V supply.
The main application for this range of devices are system designers, who want to
provide some functionality that requires a
higher voltage than is available from the
supply rail, or for a single localised function.
Using a fully isolated supply is particularly
useful in interface functions and systems
maintaining separate analogue and digital
ground lines.
311
DC-DC Converter Applications
Isolated Data
Acquisition System
+12V
EIA-232 Port
VCC
5V
VDD
DCD
RB-0512D
DB9S Connector
DSR
+VO
RX
DC
OV
RTS
TX
-VO
CTS
DC
DTR
GND
RI
EMC Considerations
When used for isolating a local power supply and incorporating the appropriate filter
circuits as illustrated in Fig. 17), DC-DC converters can present simple elegant solutions
to many EMC power supply problems. The
range of fixed frequency DC-DC converters
is particularly suitable for use in EMC problem situations, as the stable fixed switching
frequency gives easily characterised and
easily filtered output.
The following notes give suggestions to
avoid common EMC problems in power supply circuits.
SN75C185
Figure 15: Optimised RS232 Interface
3.3VCC
RL-3.305
3
1
Any active system requiring isolation will
need a DC-DC converter to provide the
power transfer for the isolated circuit. In a
data acquisition circuit there is also the need
for low noise on the supply line; hence good
filtering is required.
The circuit shown (see figure 17) provides a
very high isolation barrier by using an
RG/RH/RJ/RK converter; to provide the
power isolation and SFH610 opto-isolators
for the data isolation. An overall system isolation of 2.5kV is achieved.
8
DC
DC
+5V
7
OV
GND
GND
VCC
1µF
1
2
28
3
26
4
27
TX1
14
25
5
TX1
RX1
24
6
RX1
+
3.3V
100nF
-V
+V
+
220nF
3.3V Logic
200nF
RS232
17
LT1330
GND
Figure 16: RS232 Interface with 3V Logic
312
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
DC-DC Converter Applications
5V
Opto Isolators
4K7
Data
RH-0505
1K2
5V
5V Logic Circuit
Data
CS
4K7
5V
CS
1K2
4K7
Status
VCC
+5V
1K2
ZN509
CLK
+5V
CLK
Vref
Status
47µH
+5V
AIN
1K2
+5V
DC
DC
1µF
470vF
GND
4K7
1K2
SFH610
Power Supply Considerations
Figure 17: Isolated Serial ADC System
● Eliminate loops in supply lines (see figure 18).
● Decouple supply lines at local boundaries (use RCL fitters with
VCC
PSU
CCT1
8
CCT2
GND
VCC
PSU
CCT1
3
CCT2
GND
low Q, see figure 19).
● Place high speed sections close to the power line input, slowest section furthest away (reduces power plane transients, see
figure 20).
● Isolate individual systems where possible (especially analogue
and digital systems) on both power supply and signal lines (see
figure 21).
An isolated DC-DC converter can provide a significant benefit to
help reduce susceptibility and conducted emission due to the isolation of both power rail and ground from the sys-tem supply. The
range of DC-DC converters available from Recom all utilise toroidal power transformers and as such have negligible EMI.
Isolated DC-DC converters are switching devices and as such
have a characteristic switching frequency, which may need some
additional filtering.
Interpretation of DC-DC Converter EMC Data
Figure 18: Eliminate Loops in Supply Line
VCC
CCT1
GND
Figure 19: Decouple Supply Lines at Local Boundaries
www.recom-international.com
CCT2
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of elec-trical and electronic
products is a measure of electrical pollution. Throughout the world
there are increasing statutory and regulatory requirements to
demonstrate the EMC of end products. In Europe the EC directive
89/336/EEC requires that, any product sold after 1 January 1996
complies with a series of EMC limits, otherwise the product will be
prohibited from sale within the EEC and the seller could be prosecuted and fined.
Although DC-DC converters are generally exempt from EMC regulations on the grounds that these are component items, it is the
belief of Recom that the information on the EMC of these components can help de- signers ensure their end product can meet the
relevant statutory EMC requirements. It must be remembered
however, that the DC-DC converter is unlikely to be the last component in the chain to the mains supply, hence the information
quoted needs interpretation by the circuit designer to deter-mine
its impact on the final EMC of their system.
July-2006
313
DC-DC Converter Applications
directive covers the frequency spectrum
150kHz to 1GHz, but as two separate and
distinct modes of transmission.
The Recom range of DC-DC converters feature toroidal transformers. These have been
tested and proved to have negligible radiated noise. The low radiated noise is primarily due to toroidal shaped transformers maintaining the mag-netic flux within the core,
hence no magnetic flux is radiated by
design. Due to the exceptionally low value of
radiated emis-sion, only conducted emissions are quoted.
Conducted emissions are measured on the
input DC supply line. Unfortunately no standards exist for DC supplies, as most standards cover mains connected equipment.
This poses two problems for a DC supplied
device, firstly no standard limit lines can be
directly applied, since the DC supplied device does not directly connect to the mains,
also all reference material uses the earthground plane as reference point. In a DC
system often the OV is the reference, however, for EMC purposes, it is probably more
effective to maintain the earth as the reference, since this is likely to be the reference
that the shielding or casing is connected to.
Consequently all measurements quoted are
referenced to the mains borne earth.
Local
P
S
U
Power Input
High Speed
Circuit
Low Speed
Circuit
Medium Speed
Circuit
DC Circuit
Filter
Figure 20: Place High Spead Circuit Close to PSU
VCC
DC
DC
CCT1
DC
DC
CCT2
GND
Figure 21 : Isolate Individual Systems
Power Supply
Line Impedance
Stabilisation Network (LISN)
50Ω
Termination
–
LISN
DC
Load
DC
+
LISN
To Spectrum Analyser
Figure 22: Filtered Supply to DC-DC Converter
The notes given here are aimed at helping
the designer interpret the effect the DC-DC
converter will have on the EMC of their end
product, by describing the methods and
rationale for the measurements made.
Where possible CISPR and EN standards
have been used to determine the noise
spectra of the components, however, all of
the standards reference to mains powered
equipment and interpretation of these specifications is necessary to examine DC supplied devices.
314
Conducted and
Radiated Emissions
There are basically two types of emissions
covered by the EC directive on EMC, radiated and conducted. Conducted emissions
are those transmitted over wire connecting
circuits together and covers the frequency
spectrum 150kHz to 30MHz. Radiated are
those emissions transmitted via electromagnetic waves in air and cover the frequency
spectrum 30MHz to 1GHz. Hence the EC
July-2006
It is necessary to ensure that any measurement of noise is from the device under test
(DUT) and not from the supply to this device.
In mains connected circuits this is im-portant and the mains has to be filtered prior to
supply to the DUT. The same approach has
been used in the testing of DC-DC converters and the DC supply to the converter was
filtered, to ensure that no noise from the
PSU as present at the measuring instrument.
A line impedance stabilisation network
(LISN) conforming to CISPR 16 specification is connected to both positive and negative supply rails and referenced to mains
earth (see figure 22). The measurements
are all taken from the positive supply rail,
with the negative rail measurement point
terminated with 50 Ohm to impedance
match the measurement channels.
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DC-DC Converter Applications
2
Conducted Emission (dBuV)
100
4
1
80
8
6
12
10
3
60
5
7
9
11
13
40
20
0
0
100
300
200
400
500
Frequency (kHz)
Figure 23: Individual Line Spectra
50
40
Frequency (kHz)
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Input Voltage (V)
Figure 24: Frequency Voltage Dependency
Conducted Emission (dBuV)
100
80
60
40
20
0
100kHz
1MHz
10MHz
100MHz
Frequency
Figure 25 : V Spectrum
Shielding
Line Spectra of DC-DC Converters
At all times the DUT, LlSN's and all cables
connecting any measurement equipment,
loads and supply lines are shielded. The
shielding is to prevent possible pick-up on
cables and DUT from external EMC sources
(e.g. other equipment close by). The shielding is referenced to mains earth (see figure 22).
All DC-DC converters are switching devices,
hence, will have a frequency spectra. Fixed
input DC-DC converters have fixed switching frequency, for example the RC/RD
range of converters has a typical switching
frequency of 50kHz. This gives a stable and
predictable noise spectrum regardless of
load conditions.
If we examine the noise spectrum closely
(see figure 23) we can see several distinct
peaks, these arise from the fundamental
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July-2006
switching frequency and its harmonics (odd
line spectra) and the full rectified spectra, at
twice the fundamental switching frequency
(even line spectra). Quasi-resonant converters, such as the Recom range, have square wave switching waveforms, this produces
lower ripple and a higher efficiency than
soft switching devices, but has the drawback of having a relatively large spectrum of
harmonics.
The EC regulations for conducted interference covers the bandwidth 150kHz to
30MHz. Considering a converter with a
100kHz nominal switching frequency, this
would exhibit 299 individual line spectra.
There will also be a variation of absolute
switching frequency with production variation, hence a part with a 90kHz nominal frequency would have an additional 33 lines
over the entire 30MHz bandwidth. Absolute
input voltage also produces slight variation
of switching frequency (see figure 24). Hence,
to give a general level of conducted noise,
we have used a 100kHz resolution bandwidth (RBW) to examine the spectra in the
data sheets. This wide RBW gives a maximum level over all the peaks, rather than the
individual line spectra. This is easier to read
as well as automatically compensating for
variances in switching frequency due to production variation or differences in absolute
input voltage (see figure 25).
The conducted emissions are measured
under full load conditions in all cases. Under
lower loads the emission levels do fall,
hence full load is the worst case condition
for conducted line noise.
Temperature Performance
of DC-DC Converters
The temperature performance of the DC-DC
converters detailed in this book is always
better than the quoted operating temperature range. The main reason for being conservative on the operating temperature
range is the difficulty of accurately specifying parametric performance outside this
temperature range.
There are some limiting factors which provide physical barriers to performance, such as
the Curie temperature of the core material
used in the DC-DC converter (the lowest
Curie temperature material in use at Recom
is 125°C). Ceramic capacitors are used
almost exclusively in the DC-DC converters
because of their high reliability and extended life properties, however, the absolute
315
DC-DC Converter Applications
Switching Frequency (kHz)
160
handle the components only by the central
body area where there are no component
pins.
O/N
140
Under Full Load Conditions
A/B
120
C/D
100
80
60
–20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (°C)
Figure 26: Typical Switching Frequency vs. Temperature
capacity of these can fall when the temperature rises above 85°C (ripple will increase). Other considerations are the power dissipation within the active switching components, although these have a very high temperature rating. Their current carrying capacity derates as temperature exceeds 100°C.
Therefore this allows the DC-DC converters
to be used above their specified operating
temperature, providing the derating of power
delivery given in the specification is adhered
to. Components operating outside the quoted
operating temperature range cannot be expected to exhibit the same parametric performance that is quoted in the specification.
An indication of the stability of a device can
be obtained from the change in its operating
frequency, as the temperature is varied (see
figure 26). A typical value for the frequency
variation with temperature is 0.5% per °C, a
very low value compared to other commercial parts. This illustrates the ease of filtering
of Recom DC-DC converters, since the frequency is so stable across load and temperature ranges.
Transfer Moulded
(SMD) DC-DC Converters
Production Guideline Application Note
The introduction by Recom of a new and
innovative method of encapsulating hybrid
DC-DC converters in a transfer moulded
(TM) epoxy molding compound plastic has
enabled a new range of surface mount
(SMD) DC-DC converters to be brought to
market, which addresses the component
placement with SOIC style handling.
With any new component there are of course
new lessons to be learned with the mounting technology. With the Recom SMD DCDC converters, the lessons are not new as
such, but may require different production
techniques in certain applications.
316
Component Materials
Recom SMD converters are manufactured in
a slightly different way than the throughhole converters. Instead of potting the PCB
board inside a plastic case with conventional epoxy the whole package is molded
around the PCB board with epoxy molding
compound plastic. This ensures better thermal conductivity from the heat generating
components like semiconductors, transformer, etc. inside to the surface from where it
can dissipate via convection. This makes
them ideal for reflow processes also under
the stricter conditions of lead-free soldering
temperatures that meet the requirements of
the ROHS regulation.
All materials used in RECOM lead-free products are ROHS compliant, thus the total
amount of the restricted materials (lead,
mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium,
PBBs and PBDEs) are below the prescribed
limits. Detailed chemical analysis reports
are available.
Component Placement
Recom SMD DC-DC converters are designed to be handled by placement machines
in a similar way to standard SOIC packages.
The parts are available either in tubes
(sticks) or in reels. The parts can therefore
be placed using machines with either vibrational shuttle, gravity feeders, or reel feeders.The vacuum nozzle for picking and placing the components can be the same as
used for a standard 14 pin or 18 pin SOIC
(typically a 5mm diameter nozzle). An
increase in vacuum pressure may be beneficial, due to the heavier weight of the hybrid
compared to a standard SOIC part (a typical
14 pin SOIC weighs 0.1g, the Recom SMD
DC-DC converter weighs 1.5 ~ 2,7g). It is
advisable to consult your machine supplier
on the best choice of vacuum nozzle if in
doubt. If placing these components by hand,
July-2006
Component Alignment
The components can be aligned by either
optical recognition or manual alignment. If
using manual alignment it should be ensured that the tweezers press on the component body and not on the pins. The components themselves are symmetrical along
their axis, hence relatively easy to align
using either method.
Solder Pad Design
The Recom SMD DC-DC converters are
designed on a pin pitch of 2,54mm (0.1")
with 1,20mm pad widths and 1,80mm pad
lengths.
12.00
8
5
1 2
4
1.20
Top View
1.80
This allows pads from one part to be used
within a PCB CAD package for forming the
pad layouts for other SMD converters. These
pads are wider than many standard SOIC
pad sizes (0.64mm) and CAD packages may
not accommodate these pins with a standard SOIC pad pattern. It should be remembered that these components are power
supply devices and as such need wider
pads and thicker component leads to minimise resistive losses within the interconnects.
Solder Reflow Profile
RECOM's SMD converters are designed to
withstand a maximum reflow temperature of
245°C (for max. 30seconds) in accordance
with JEDEC STD-020C. If multiple reflow
profiles are to be used (i.e. the part is to pass
through several reflow ovens), it is recommended that lower ramp rates be used than
the maximum specified in JEDEC STD020C. Continual thermal cycling to this profile could cause material fatigue, if more
than 5 maximum ramp cycles are used.
In general these parts will exceed the reflow capability of most IC and passive components on a PCB and should prove the
most thermally insensitive component to the
reflow conditions.
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DC-DC Converter Applications
Lead-free Recommended Soldering Profile (SMD parts)
300
10-30s
min. 300s
Temperature (°C)
250
(245°C)
200
150
Pre - Heat
100
50
50
100
200
150
250
300
350
400
450
500
Time (seconds)
Lead-free Recommended Soldering Profile (Through hole parts)
Double Wave
340
320
300
3 - 5 seconds
Temperature (°C)
280
260
240
220
Forced Cooling
60°C/s Min.
100°C ~ 150°C Max.
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Natural Cooling
Enter Wave
Pre - Heat
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time (seconds)
90
100
110
120
Notes: 1. The wave solder profile is measured on lead temperature.
2. Need to keep the solder parts internal temperature less than about 210°C
Recommended Solder Reflow Profile:
The following 2 graphs show the typical
recommended solder reflow profiles for
SMD and through-hole ROHS compliant
converters.
The exact values of the profile’s peak and
it’s maximum allowed duration is also given
in the datasheet of each converter.
Adhesive Requirements
If SM surface mount components are going
to be wave soldered (i.e. in a mixed through
hole and SMD PCB) or are to be mounted on
both sides of a PCB, then it is necessary to
use an adhesive to fix them to the board
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prior to reflow. The adhesive prevents the
SMD parts being 'washed off' in a wave solder, and being 'vibrated off' due to handling
on a double sided SMD board.
As mentioned previously, the Recom range
of SMD DC-DC converters are heavier than
standard SOIC devices. The heavier weight
is a due to their size (volume) and internal
hybrid construction. Consequently the parts
place a larger than usual stress on their solder joints and leads if these are the only
method of attachment. Using an adhesive
between component body and PCB can
reduce this stress considerably. If the final
system is to be subjected to shock and vibration testing, then using adhesive attachment
July-2006
is essential to ensure the parts pass these
environmental tests.
The Recom SMD DC-DC converters all have
a stand-off beneath the component for the
application of adhesive to be placed, without
interfering with the siting of the component.
The method of adhesive dispensing and
curing, plus requirements for environmental
test and in-service replacement will determine suitability of adhesives rather than the
component itself. However, having a thermoset plastic body, thermoset epoxy adhesive bonding between board and component
is the recommended adhesive chemistry.
If the reflow stage is also to be used as a
cure for a heat cure adhesive, then the component is likely to undergo high horizontal
acceleration and deceleration during the
pick and place operation. The adhesive must
be sufficiently strong in its uncured (green)
state, in order to keep the component accurately placed.
Adhesive Placement
The parts are fully compatible with the 3
main methods of adhesive dispensing; pin
transfer, printing and dispensing. The
method of placing adhesive will depend on
the available processes in the production
line and the reason for using adhesive
attachment. For example, if the part is on a
mixed though-hole and SMD board, adhesive will have to be placed and cured prior to
reflow. If using a SMD only board and heat
cure adhesive, the reflow may be used as
the cure stage. If requiring adhesive for
shock and vibration, but using a conformal
coat, then it may be possible to avoid a
separate adhesive alltogether, and the
coating alone provides the mechanical
restraint on the component body.
Patterns for dispensing or printing adhesive
are given for automatic lines. If dispensing
manually after placement the patterns for
UV cure are easily repeated using a manual
syringe (even if using heat cure adhesive).If
dispensing manually, dot height and size are
not as important, and the ad-hesive should
be applied after the components have been
reflowed. When dispensing after reflow, a
chip underfill formulation adhesive would be
the preferred choice. These types 'wick' under
the component body and offer a good all
round adhesion from a single dispensed dot.
The patterns allow for the process spread of
the stand-off on the component, but do not
account for the thickness of the PCB tracks.
317
DC-DC Converter Applications
If thick PCB tracks are to be used, a grounded copper strip should be laid beneath the
centre of the component (care should be
exercised to maintain isolation barrier
limits). The adhesive should not retard the
pins reaching their solder pads during placement of the part, hence low viscosity
adhesive is recommended.
The height of the adhesive dot, its viscosity
and slumping properties are critical. The dot
must be high enough to bridge the gap between board surface and component, but
low enough not to slump and spread, or be
squeezed by the component, and so contaminate the solder pads.
If wishing to use a greater number of dots of
smaller diameter (common for pin transfer
methods), the dot pattern can be changed,
by following a few simple guidelines. As the
number of dots is doubled their diameter
should be halved and centres should be at
least twice the printed diameter from each
other, but the dot height should re-main at
0.4mm. The printed dot should always be
positioned by at least its diameter from the
nearest edge of the body to the edge of the
dot. The number of dots is not important,
provided good contact between adhesive
and body can be guaranteed, but a minimum of 2 is recommended.
Cleaning
The thermoset plastic encapsulating material used for the Recom range of surface
mount DC-DC converters is not fully hermetically sealed. As with all plastic encapsulated active devices, strongly reactive
agents in hostile environments can attack
318
the material and the internal parts, hence
cleaning is recommended in inert solutions
(e.g. alcohol or water based solvents) and at
room temperature in an inert atmospheres
(e.g. air or nitrogen).
A batch or linear aqueous cleaning process
would be the preferred method of cleaning
using a deionised water solution.
Vapour Phase Reflow Soldering
Vapour phase soldering is a still upcoming
soldering practice; therefore there are no
standard temperature profiles available.
Principally, the Lead-free Soldering Profile
recommended by RECOM can be used for
vapour phase soldering. RECOM has tested
large quantities of 8-pin and 10-pin SMD
converters and recommends as an absolute
maximum condition 240°C for 90s dwell
time. In standard applications with small
sized components on a pcb, 230°C and
shorter dwell times will still deliver good
results. After discussions with various contract manufacturers, we recommended that
the temperature gradients used during preheat and cooling phases are between 0.5
K/s up to 3 K/s.
Other form factors than 8-pin or 10-pin
SMD-packages have not been tested under
vapour phase conditions. Please contact
RECOM in this case.
Custom DC-DC Converters
In addition to the standard ranges shown in
this data book, Recom have the capability to
produce custom DC-DC converters designed to
your specific requirements. In general, the parts
July-2006
can be rapidly designed using computer based CAD tools to meet any input or output
voltage requirements within the ranges of
Recom standard products (i.e. up to 48V at
either input or output). Prototype samples
can also be produced in short timescales.
Custom parts can be designed to your specification, or where the part fits within a
standard series, the generic series specification can be used. All custom parts receive the same stringent testing, inspection
and quality procedures, as standard products. However there is a minimum order
quantity as this additional documentations
and administrative tasks must be covered in
terms of costs. A general figure for this MOQ
can be around 3000pcs of low wattage converters (0,25pcs ~ 2W), 1000pcs medium
sized wattage (2W~15W) and 500pcs for
higher wattages (> 20W).Recom custom
parts are used in many applications, which
are very specific to the individual customer,
however, some typical examples are:
● ECL Logic driver
● Multiple cell battery configurations
● Telecommunications line equipment
● Marine apparatus
● Automotive electronics
● LCD display power circuitry
● Board level instrumentation systems
To discuss your custom DC-DC converter
requirements, please contact Recom technical support desk or your local distributor.
www.recom-international.com
Block diagrams
Unregulated Single Output
RM, RL, RQS, RO, RE, ROM, RSS,
RB-xxxxS, RA-xxxxS, RBM-xxxxS,
RK, RP-xxxxS, RxxPxxS,
RxxP2xxS, RN,RTS, RI, REZ, RKZxxxxS, RV-xxxxS, RAA-xxxxS, RGZ
+Vin
+Vout
Oscillator
-Vout
-Vin
Unregulated Dual Output
RQD, RSD, RB-xxxxD, RA-xxxxD,
RBM-xxxxD, RH, RP-xxxxD,
RxxPxxD, RxxP2xxD, RTD, RCxxxxD, RD-xxxxD, RKZ-xxxxD, RVxxxxD, RAA-xxxxD, RJZ
+Vin
+Vout
Oscillator
Com
-Vout
-Vin
Unregulated Dual Isolated Output
RU, RUZ
+Vin
+Vout1
-Vout1
Oscillator
+Vout2
-Vout2
-Vin
Post-Regulated Single Output
RZ, RSZ (P), RY-xxxxS, RX-xxxxS, RY-SCP, REC1.5-xxxxSR/H1, REC1.8xxxxSR/H1, REC2.2-xxxxSR/H1, REC3-xxxxSR/H1
+Vin
Reg
+Vout
Oscillator
-Vout
-Vin
Post-Regulated Dual Output
RY-xxxxS, RX-xxxxS, RY-DCP, REC2.2-xxxxDR/H1, REC3-xxxxDR/H1
+Vin
Reg
Oscillator
Com
Reg
-Vin
www.recom-international.com
+Vout
July-2006
-Vout
319
Block diagrams
Regulated Single Output
RSO, RS, REC2.2-xxxxSRW, RW-xxxxS, REC3-xxxxSRW(Z)/H*, REC5-xxxxSRW(Z)/H*, REC7.5-xxxxSRW/AM/H*, REC10-xxxxSRW(Z)/H, REC15xxxxSRW(Z)/H, REC20-xxxxSRWB(Z)/H, REC30-xx( 12,15, 24V )SRWZ/H, REC40-xx( 12,15, 24V )SRW/H, REC40-xx( 12,15, 24V )SRWB/H
+Vin
Noise
Filter
+Vout
-Vout
-Vin
Oscillator &
Controller
Reference
& Error AMP
Isolation
Regulated Dual Output
RSO-xxxxD, RS-xxxxD, REC2.2-xxxxDRW, RW-xxxxD, REC3-xxxxDRW(Z)/H*, REC5-xxxxDRW(Z)/H*, REC7.5-xxxxDRW/AM/H*,
REC10-xxxxDRW(Z)/H, REC15-xxxxDRW(Z)/H, REC20-xxxxDRWB(Z)/H, REC30-xxxxDRWZ/H, REC40-xxxxDRWB/H
+Vin
Noise
Filter
+Vout
Com
-Vout
-Vin
Oscillator &
Controller
Reference
& Error AMP
Isolation
Regulated Dual Isolated Output
REC3-DRWI
Reg
+Vin
+Vout2
Noise
Filter
-Vout2
+Vout1
-Vout1
-Vin
Oscillator &
Controller
320
Isolation
July-2006
Reference
& Error AMP
www.recom-international.com
Block diagrams
Regulated Single Output
REC20-xxxxSRW/H,REC30-xx( 1.8,2.5, 3.3, 5V )SRWZ/H, REC40-xx( 1.8,2.5, 3.3, 5V )SRW/H, REC40-xx( 1.8,2.5, 3.3, 5V )SRWB/H
+Vin
+Vout
Switch
Control
Com
-Vin
PWM
Controller
Isolation
Reference
& Error AMP
Trim
ON/OFF
Control
www.recom-international.com
July-2006
321
Common Mode Chokes for EMC
Recom offers a range of Common Mode Chokes useful for EMI Filtering to meet the requirements of EN-55022, Class B.
The component values given are suggested values and may need to be optimised to suit the application. The effectiveness of
any filter network is heavily dependent on using quality capacitors, the layout of the board and having a low impedance path to
ground. See section on filtering elsewhere in the Application Notes for more details.
EMC Filter Suggestion
C4
Input
+
+
C1
Output
C2
CMC
Component Values
C3
REC3~REC7.5
RP08 Vin = 12/24VDC nom., C1=4.7µF/50V MLCC, C2=100µF/50V Electrolytic, C3,C4=1nF/2kV MLCC, CMC-01
Vin = 48VDC nom., C1=2.2µF/100V MLCC, C2=27µF/100V Electrolytic, C3,C4=1nF/2kV MLCC, CMC-02
REC10~REC20
RP10~RP20
Vin = 12/24VDC nom., C1=4.7µF/50V MLCC, C2=100µF/50V Electrolytic, C3,C4=1nF/2kV MLCC, CMC-03
Vin = 48VDC nom., C1=2.2µF/100V MLCC, C2=27µF/100V Electrolytic, C3,C4=1nF/2kV MLCC, CMC-04
CMC-01/ CMC-02
4
9.5 ± 0.1
CMC-03/ CMC-04
4
3
9.5 ± 0.1
7.62 ± 0.2
3
15.0 max.
13.0 ± 0.3
10.16 ± 0.3
7.62 ± 0.3
j 0.8 ± 0.1
2
1
13.0 ± 0.3
2
1
j 0.6 ± 0.1
10.16 ± 0.3
5.4 max.
2
1
12.95 max.
4.0 min.
10.16 ± 0.3
Bottom View
7.62 ± 0.3
7.5 ± 0.2
4
4.5 ± 0.3
3
Stand-off x4
5.08 ± 0.3
10.16 ± 0.3
3
4
NC
NC
NC
NC
2.54
1
2.54
Component
CMC-1
CMC-2
322
Inductance
620µHx2
930µHx2
Rating
1.7A
1.1A
Component
CMC-3
CMC-4
July-2006
2
Top View
Inductance
1300µHx2
3000µHx2
Rating
4.7A
1.7A
www.recom-international.com
Powerline – Definitions and Testing
General Test Set-Up
DC Power
Source
A
+V
A
DC/DC
Converter
under Test
V
Adjustable
load
V ( VDC or VRMS )
-V
Figure 1-3: General DC/DC converter test set-up
Input Voltage Range
PI Filter
Note: If the converter is under test with
remote sense pins, connect these pins
to their respective output pins. All tests
are made in "Local sensing" mode.
The minimum and maximum input voltage limits within which a converter
will operate to specifications.
An input filter, consisting of two capacitors, is connected in paralell with a
series inductor to reduce input reflected ripple current.
L
Input
C1
C2
Output
Figure 2: PI Filter
Output Voltage Accuracy
Voltage Balance
Line Regulations
www.recom-international.com
With nominal input voltage and rated
output load from the test set-up, the
DC output voltage is measured with an
accurate, calibrated DC voltmeter.
Output voltage accuracy is the difference between the measured output
voltage and specified nominal value as
a percentage. Output accuracy (as a %)
is then derived by the formula:
Vnom ist the nominal, output specified in the converter data sheet.
For a multiple output power converter,
the percentage difference in the volta-
ge level of two outputs with opposite
polarrities and equal nominal values.
Make and record the following measurements with rated output load at +25°C:
● Output voltage at nominal line
(input) voltage.
Vout N
● Output voltage at high line (input)
voltage.
Vout H
● Output voltage at low line (input)
voltage.
Vout L
The line regulation is Vout M (the maximum of the two deviations of output)
for the value at nominal input in percentage.
July-2006
Vout – Vnom
Vnom N
Vout M – Vout N
Vout N
X100
X100
323
Powerline – Definitions and Testing
Load Regulation
Efficiency
Switching Frequency
Output Ripple and Noise
Make and record the following measurements with rated output load at +25°C:
● Output voltage with rated load
connected to the output. (Vout FL)
● Output voltage with no load or the
minimum specified load for the
DC-DC converter. (Vout ML)
Load regulation is the difference between the two measured output voltages as a percentage of output voltage
at rated load.
The ratio of output load power consumption to input power consumption
expressed as a percentage. Normally
measured at full rated output power
and nominal line conditions.
Vout ML – Vout FL
Vout FL
X100
The rate at which the DC voltage is
switched in a DC-DC converter or
switching power supply.
Because of the high frequency content
of the ripple, special measurement
techniques must be employed so that
correct measurements are obtained. A
20MHz bandwidth oscilloscope is used,
so that all significant harmonics of the
ripple spike are included.
This noise pickup is eliminated as shown
in Figure 3, by using a scope probe
with an external connection ground or
ring and pressing this directly against
the output common terminal of the
power converter, while the tip contacts
the voltage output terminal. This provides the shortest possible connection
across the output terminals.
Output
+
-
Ground Ring
to Scope
Figure 3:
324
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
Powerline – Definitions and Testing
Output Ripple and Noise (continued)
Figure 4 shows a complex ripple voltage
waveform that may be present on the
output of a switching power supply.
There are three components in the
waveform, first is a charging component that originates from the output
rectifier and filter, then there is the
discharging component due to the load
discharging the output capacitor between cycles, and finally there are
small high frequency switching spikes
imposed on the low frequency ripple.
Transient Recovery Time
Peak-Peak
Amplitude
Time
Figure 4: Amplitude
The time required for the power supply
output voltage to return to within a specified percentage of rated value, following a step change in load current.
Transient
Recovery Time
Overshoot
Output
Voltage
5V + U
5V
Undershoot
5V - L
V out
U: upper limit
L: lower limit
I out
Load
Time
Figure: 5 Transient Recovery Time
Current Limiting
Fold Back Current Limiting
output current is limited to prevent
damage of the converter at overload
situations.
A method of protecting a power supply
from damage in an overload condition,
reducing the output current as the load
approaches short circuit.
at short circuited outputs the output
voltage is regulated down so the current on outputs cannot be excessive.
V out
Rated Io
I out
Figure 6: Fold Back Current LimitingTime
www.recom-international.com
July-2006
325
Powerline – Definitions and Testing
Isolation
Break-Down Voltage
The electrical separation between the
input and output of a converter, (consisting of resistive and capacitive isola-
The maximum continuous DC voltage,
which may be applied between the
input and output terminal of a power
supply without causing damage.
Typical break-down voltage for DC-DC
converters is 500VDC minimum.
tion) normally determined by transformer characteristics and circuit spacing.
R
Resistive and
Capacitive Isolation
C
Input
Rectifier
and
Regulator
Output
Breakdown Voltage
Figure 7:
Temperature Coefficient
Ambient Temperature
Operating Temperature Range
Storage Temperature Range
326
With the power converter in a temperature test chamber with rated output
load, make the following measurements:
● Output voltage at +25°C ambient
temperature.
● Set the chamber for maximum
operating ambient temperature
and allow the power converter to
stabilize for 15 to 30 minutes.
Measure the output voltage.
● Set the chamber to minimum
operating ambient temperature and
allow the power converter to stabilize for 15 to 30 minutes.
● Divide each percentage voltage
deviation from the +25°C ambient
value by the corresponding temperature change from +25°C
ambient.
The temperature coefficient is the higher one of the two values calculated
above, expressed as percent per
change centigrade.
The temperature of the still-air immediately surrouding an operating
power supply.
The range of ambient or case temperature within a power supply at
which it operates safely and meets
its specifications.
The range of ambient temperatures
within a power supply at non-ope-
rating condition, with no degradation in its subsequent operation.
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
Powerline – Definitions and Testing
Some converters from our Powerline
offer the feature of trimming the output
voltage in a certain range around the
nominal value by using external trim
resistors.
Because different series use different
circuits for trimming no general equation can be given for calculating the
Output Voltage Trimming:
trim-resistors. Following trim-tables
give values for chosing these trimresistors. If voltages between the given
trim-points are required a linear approximation of the next points is possible
or using trimmable resitors may be
considered.
RP20-, RP30- XX1.8S
Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
1,818
11,88
2
1,836
5,26
3
1,854
3,09
4
1,872
2,00
5
1,89
1,35
6
1,908
0,92
7
1,926
0,61
8
1,944
0,38
9
1,962
0,20
10
1,98
0,06
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
1,782
14,38
2
1,764
6,50
3
1,746
3,84
4
1,728
2,51
5
1,71
1,71
6
1,692
1,17
7
1,674
0,79
8
1,656
0,50
9
1,638
0,27
10
1,62
0,10
%
Volts
KOhms
RP20-, RP30- XX2.5S
Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
2,525
36,65
2
2,55
16,57
3
2,575
9,83
4
2,6
6,45
5
2,625
4,42
6
2,65
3,06
7
2,675
2,09
8
2,7
1,37
9
2,725
0,80
10
2,75
0,35
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
2,475
50,20
2
2,45
22,62
3
2,425
13,49
4
2,4
8,94
5
2,375
6,21
6
2,35
4,39
7
2,325
3,09
8
2,3
2,12
9
2,275
1,36
10
2,25
0,76
%
Volts
KOhms
RP15-, RP20-, RP30-, RP40- xx3.3S
RP40-, xx3.305T (Trim for +3.3V)
Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
3,333
57,96
2
3,366
26,17
3
3,399
15,58
4
3,432
10,28
5
3,465
7,11
6
3,498
4,99
7
3,531
3,48
8
3,564
2,34
9
3,597
1,46
10
3,63
0,75
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
3,267
69,43
2
3,234
31,23
3
3,201
18,49
4
3,168
12,12
5
3,135
8,29
6
3,102
5,74
7
3,069
3,92
8
3,036
2,56
9
3,003
1,50
10
2,97
0,65
%
Volts
KOhms
RP15-, RP20-, RP30-, RP40(Trim for +5V)
Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
5,05
43,22
2
5,1
18,13
3
5,15
10,60
4
5,2
6,97
5
5,25
4,83
6
5,3
3,42
7
5,35
2,43
8
5,4
1,68
9
5,45
1,11
10
5,5
0,65
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
4,95
39,42
2
4,9
19,00
3
4,85
11,58
4
4,8
7,74
5
4,75
5,40
6
4,7
3,82
7
4,65
2,68
8
4,6
1,82
9
4,55
1,15
10
4,5
0,61
%
Volts
KOhms
www.recom-international.com
July-2006
327
Powerline – Definitions and Testing
RP15-, RP20- xx05D
Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
10,1
90,50
2
10,2
40,65
3
10,3
24,06
4
10,4
15,76
5
10,5
10,79
6
10,6
7,47
7
10,7
5,10
8
10,8
3,33
9
10,9
1,95
10
11
0,84
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
9,9
109,06
2
9,8
48,94
3
9,7
28,87
4
9,6
18,83
5
9,5
12,81
6
9,4
8,79
7
9,3
5,92
8
9,2
3,77
9
9,1
2,10
10
9
0,76
%
Volts
KOhms
RP15-, RP20-, RP30-, RP40Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
2
12,12
12,24
1019,45 257,41
3
12,36
134,39
4
12,48
84,06
5
12,6
56,68
6
12,72
39,47
7
12,84
27,65
8
12,96
19,03
9
13,08
12,47
10
13,2
7,30
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
11,88
270,20
2
11,76
149,63
3
11,64
95,76
4
11,52
65,24
5
11,4
45,59
6
11,28
31,88
7
11,16
21,77
8
11,04
14,01
9
10,92
7,86
10
10,8
2,87
%
Volts
KOhms
RP15-, RP20, RP30Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
24,24
210,51
2
24,48
96,13
3
24,72
57,18
4
24,96
37,54
5
25,2
25,71
6
25,44
17,80
7
25,68
12,14
8
25,92
7,89
9
26,16
4,58
10
26,4
1,93
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
23,76
283,54
2
23,52
125,47
3
23,28
73,95
4
23,04
48,40
5
22,8
33,14
6
22,56
22,99
7
22,32
15,76
8
22,08
10,34
9
21,84
6,13
10
21,6
2,76
%
Volts
KOhms
RP15-, RP20-, RP30-, RP40Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
15,15
455,67
2
15,3
192,89
3
15,45
111,48
4
15,6
71,85
5
15,75
48,40
6
15,9
32,90
7
16,05
21,90
8
16,2
13,68
9
16,35
7,31
10
16,5
2,23
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
14,85
449,01
2
14,7
210,22
3
14,55
125,38
4
14,4
81,89
5
14,25
55,46
6
14,1
37,68
7
13,95
24,92
8
13,8
15,30
9
13,65
7,80
10
13,5
1,78
%
Volts
KOhms
RP15-, RP20-, RP30Trim up
Vout =
RU =
1
30,3
306,24
2
30,6
129,65
3
30,9
75,39
4
31,2
49,05
5
31,5
33,49
6
31,8
23,21
7
32,1
15,92
8
32,4
10,48
9
32,7
6,26
10
33
2,90
%
Volts
KOhms
Trim down
Vout =
RD =
1
29,7
300,42
2
29,4
142,30
3
29,1
85,77
4
28,8
56,73
5
28,5
39,05
6
28,2
27,16
7
27,9
18,60
8
27,6
12,16
9
27,3
7,13
10
27
3,10
%
Volts
KOhms
328
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
Powerline - Heat Sinks
7G-0020A (9.5°C/W)
A : A ( 5 : 1mm)
3.2 ±0.1
49.80 ±0.2
1.30
R 0.65
24.20±0.2
12.00 ±0.2
A :A
R2
1.30
1.40
1.2 ±0.1
1.30
1.40
2.00
12.00 ±0.2
5.60 ±0.1
1.70 ±0.1
7G-0026A (7.8°C/W)
3.2 ±0.1
49.80 ±0.2
A : A ( 5 : 1mm)
1.30
49.80 ±0.2
12.00 ±0.2
1.30
1.40
A :A
1.30
1.2 ±0.1
12.00 ±0.2
1.40
1.30
R 0.65
5.60 ±0.1
1.70 ±0.1
www.recom-international.com
July-2006
329
Powerline - Heat Sinks
7G-0011A (8.24°C/W)
A : A ( 5 : 1mm)
50.00 ±0.2
R 0.65
37.40±0.2
15.00 ±0.2
1.30
A :A
1.40
1.30
3.00 ±0.1
1.00
2.00
27.00 ±0.2
5.60 ±0.1
1.70 ±0.1
7G-0022A (INNOLINE)
57.91 ±0.25
8.41
60.96±0.25
1.42
R 0.58
50.80±0.25
R 1.07
3.56
4 -Æ 3.50
6.10 ±0.25
48.26 ±0.25
330
July-2006
2.29 ±0.25
www.recom-international.com
Tubes
No.
Types
1.
RO, RM, RE, ROM, RB, RBM, RK, RH, RP, RU, RI, RD, REZ, RKZ, RUZ, RY,
RxxTR, R-78xx
RS, RSO,
RL, RN, RF, RA, RC, RX
RSS, RSD, RQS, RQD, RZ
RTD, RTS, RSZ, R-78Axx SMD
RV, RW, RxxPxx, RxxP2xx
R5, R6, R7, REC1.5-, REC1.8-, REC3-, REC5-, REC7.5RAA
RP08, RP12
RP08-SMD, REC2.2-SMD, REC3-SMD, REC5-SMD, REC7.5-SMD
REC10, REC15, REC20, REC30, REC40
RP10, RP15, RP20, RP30, RP40
RP40-E
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
2.
1.
9.0 ± 0.5
0.5 ± 0.2
15.5 ± 0.5
12.0 ± 0.5
17.0 ± 0.25
4.9 ± 0.5
12.0 ± 0.25
6.5 ± 0.25
TUBE LENGTH = 520mm ± 1.5
TUBE LENGTH = 520mm ± 1.0
www.recom-international.com
10.0 ± 0.25
0.6 ± 0.15
July-2006
331
Tubes
3.
0.5 ± 0.2
4.
14.5 ± 0.5
0.55 ± 0.2
12.0 ± 0.4
7.7 ± 0.4
10.5 ± 0.5
13.5 ± 0.4
8.3 ± 0.4
15.5 ± 0.5
4.3 ± 0.4
17.0 ± 0.4
3.3 ± 0.5
TUBE LENGTH = 530mm ± 2.0
TUBE LENGTH = 520mm ± 1.0
5.
0.6 ± 0.15
0.55 ± 0.2
6.
11.0 ± 0.4
16.15 ± 0.35
12.35 ± 0.35
9.4 ± 0.4
19.2 ± 0.35
12.6 ± 0.4
9.12 ± 0.4
11.6 ± 0.35
5.3 ± 0.4
7.1 ± 0.35
17.0 ± 0.4
21.0 ± 0.35
TUBE LENGTH = 530mm ± 2.0
7.
0.55 ± 0.2
TUBE LENGTH = 520mm ± 2.0
8.
22.7 ± 0.35
27.40±0.2
0.95±0.1
24.35±0.25
11.3 ± 0.35
18.3 ± 0.35
11.00±0.25
16.30±0.2
26.50±0.25
8.50±0.5
26.50±0.25
8.00±0.25
7.85 ± 0.35
31.40±0.25
TUBE LENGTH = 520mm ± 2.0
9.
0.8 ± 0.2
TUBE LENGTH = 520mm ± 2.0
10.
22.7 ± 0.35
0.55 ± 0.2
13.8 ± 0.35
18.3 ± 0.35
22.0 ± 0.5
15.45 ± 0.5
3.5 ± 0.5
13.5 ± 0.5
8.85 ± 0.35
31.50 ± 0.5
TUBE LENGTH = 538mm ± 2.0
TUBE LENGTH = 252mm ± 2.0
332
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
Tubes
11.
54.0 ± 0.5
50.0 ± 0.5
22.0 ± 0.5
20.0 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 0.5
1.2 ± 0.2
6.0 ± 0.5
10.0 ± 0.5
15.0 ± 0.5
TUBE LENGTH = 292mm ± 2.0
12.
54.0 ± 0.5
50.0 ± 0.5
22.0 ± 0.5
20.0 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 0.5
1.2 ± 0.2
6.0 ± 0.5
10.0 ± 0.5
15.0 ± 0.5
TUBE LENGTH = 254mm ± 2.0
13.
80.0 ± 0.5
1.2 ± 0.2
0.5 ± 0.5
22.0 ± 0.5
9.0 ± 0.5
21.0 ± 0.5
www.recom-international.com
TUBE LENGTH = 256mm ± 5.0
July-2006
333
Tapes
RSS-xxxx & RQS-xxxx tape outline dimensions
13.2
Spocket hole Ø1.50+0.1/-0
Spocket hole tolerance over any 10 pitches ±0.2
0.40 ±0.05
16.00
2.00
4.00
11.4
1.75
7.6
11.5
24.0 ±0.2
RECOM
RSS-0505
xxxx
All dimensions in mm xx.xx ±0.1
1. 10 sprocket hole pitch cumulative tolerance ±0.20
2. All dimensions meet EIA-481-2 requirements
3. Component load per 13" reel : 500 pcs
RECOM
RSS-0505
xxxx
4. The diameter of disc center hole is 13.0mm
334
RECOM
RSS-0505
xxxx
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
Tapes
RSD-xxxx, RQD-xxxx & RZ-xxxx tape outline dimensions
17.75
Spocket hole Ø1.50+0.1/-0
Spocket hole tolerance over any 10 pitches ±0.2
0.35 ±0.05
16.00
2.00
4.00
11.4
1.75
7.6
11.5
24.0 ±0.2
RECOM
RSD-0505
xxxx
All dimensions in mm xx.xx ±0.1
1. 10 sprocket hole pitch cumulative tolerance ±0.20
2. All dimensions meet EIA-481-2 requirements
3. Component load per 13" reel : 500 pcs
RECOM
RSD-0505
xxxx
4. The diameter of disc center hole is 13.0mm
www.recom-international.com
RECOM
RSD-0505
xxxx
July-2006
335
Tapes
RSZ-xxxx, RTS-xxxx, RTD-xxxx & R-78Axx-xxSMD tape outline dimensions
15.5
Spocket hole Ø1.50+0.1/-0
Spocket hole tolerance over any 10 pitches ±0.2
0.5 ±0.05
20.00
2.00
4.00
12.5
1.75
9.9
11.5
24.0 ±0.3
RECOM
RSZ-0505
xxxx
All dimensions in mm xx.xx ±0.1
1. 10 sprocket hole pitch cumulative tolerance ±0.20
2. All dimensions meet EIA-481-2 requirements
3. Component load per 13" reel : 500 pcs
RECOM
RSZ-0505
xxxx
4. The diameter of disc center hole is 13.0mm
336
RECOM
RSZ-0505
xxxx
July-2006
www.recom-international.com
Notes
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www.recom-international.com
July-2006
337