GPS Orion 12 Channel GPS Reference Design Application Note AN4808 ISSUE 2.0 October 2001 GPS Orion is reference design to demonstrate the capability of the Zarlink Semiconductor GP2000 Global Positioning chip set. It is a fully functional GPS receiver design which provides full 12 channel parallel tracking hardware and software for GPS system integrators and designers of GPS receiver subsystems. This approach offers a complete GPS receiver ‘engine’ design with the design information being freely available, providing the ability to integrate GPS with dedicated IC components. This allows wider design flexibility and lower cost solutions than using third-party module-based receivers. It enables the GP2000 chipset to be evaluated in real applications. Features • • • • • • • • Small board size - 95 mm x 50 mm 12 channel GPS Receiver architecture Highly integrated miniature silicon Front-end IC Low cost 12 Channel Correlator IC 32 bit RISC processor with spare processing Easy to embed into host systems Non-volatile data retention Supported by Development System (GPS Architect) with access to GPS software source code at minimal cost The GPS Orion comprises two boards : a GPS Receiver board, and an Interface board. The Receiver board is based on the GP2000 chip set plus complementary components which make a complete GPS Receiver. The Interface board provides power and data conditioning interfaces to peripheral equipment, and long term memory backup. GPS Receiver Board The GPS Orion receiver architecture uses integrated circuits manufactured by Zarlink Semiconductor. The GP2000 chipset comprises the GP2010 or GP2015 RF downconverter, the Dynex Semiconductor DW9255 35.42MHz (2MHz BW) IF SAW filter, the GP2021 correlator IC, and the 32-bit ARM60-B RISC processor. The use of a GP2015 RF downconverter offers good immunity from out-of-band noise, especially when used with the DW9255 surface mount SAW filter as a 2nd IF filter. The design offers superior RF performance with a high degree of noise rejection from digital sources. The 2-bit sampled IF, in conjunction with triple-conversion architecture provides bestin-class RF jamming resistance. The GP2021 12 channel correlator can be used to track C/A code for the Standard Positioning Service. Any channels not used can be deselected to save power. The digital interface is compatible with most 16 or 32-bit processors and the IC includes interface logic to allow it to be easily coupled to the ARM60-B 32 bit RISC processor. The ARM60-B 32-bit RISC microprocessor offers high Figure 1 - GPS Orion Receiver Board with Interface Board instruction throughput and fast real-time interrupt response. The ARM60-B offers superior performance for 12 channel processing, which is important for applications such as vehicle tracking and automotive applications. Interface Board The Interface board provides those functions which would normally be included elsewhere in a GPS system. These functions include : voltage regulation, battery back-up (1000 hours memory retention), and serial interfaces to output the information and to input commands and DGPS correction data. Software The software for GPS Orion is stored in EPROM and is self-booting. The software provides many facilities including: NMEA 0183, or proprietary WINMON data interfaces Navigation position filtering Satellite Almanac and Ephemeris save and upload Reliable satellite tracking RTCM SC-104 Differential Correction input Detailed Design Data and Software All support material for the GPS Orion Reference design can be downloaded from the Zarlink website (www.zarlink.com) by visiting the Product Profile page of the GP2015 or GP2021. This information is supplied as a single ZIP file (size 4381KB). Data Retention The Receiver board includes a supercap (0.22 F) which gives approximately 4 hours retention of volatile data (position, satellite ephemerides, etc.) in isolation from the Interface board. The Interface board includes a rechargeable battery giving approximately 1,000 hours data retention. GPS Orion Application Note Related Products Part No Description DW9255 GP2015 GP2021 P60ARM-B GPS Architect 35.42 MHz SAW Filter (Dynex Semiconductor) GPS RF Front End in TQFP package 12 Channel Correlator ARM60-B 32 Bit RISC Processor 12 Channel GPS Development System Data Sheet Reference DS3861 DS4374 DS4077 DS4004 DS4605 GPS Antenna PROM Receiver board DW9255 LNA GP2015 RF Front End SRAM Clock Crystal GP2021 12 Channel Correlator + Support Functions ARM60-B 32 Bit RISC Processor TCXO Interface board Back up Battery +8V to +30V DC Power Input RTCM differential correction input NMEA/Proprietary serial I/O (RS232) Figure 2 - GPS Orion Architecture Outline Specification Receiver Characteristics GENERAL: DATUM: POSITION ACCURACY: (standard) POSITION ACCURACY: (DGPS) TIME-TO-FIRST-FIX (TTFF - Ref Notes) ● Cold start: ● Warm start: ● Hot start: RE-ACQUISITION AFTER SIGNAL LOSS: ANTI-JAMMING RESISTANCE: 2 L1 frequency (1575.42MHz), C/A code direct-sequence spread-spectrum, 12 parallel channel continuous-tracking receiver, using 2-bit digital quantization. WGS-84 only 25 metres Spherical Error Probability (SEP); 100 metres (2D Root Mean Square) with S/A active. 3 metres SEP, with S/A active. Typical 105 seconds 90% <165 seconds <60 seconds <15 seconds 11 seconds < 2 seconds (90%) -20dBm CW to within ±7.5MHz of L1 (for <3dB degradation in GPS SNR). Application Note GPS Orion DATA I/O WINMON MODE: (J2 socket) NMEA MODE: (J2 socket) UPDATE RATE: RTCM DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTIONS: (J1 socket) Proprietory Zarlink Semiconductor ASCII interface protocol. Full input/output interface, controlling all user-definable options. 19200 baud, 8-bits, No Parity, 1 stop bit. NMEA 0183 V2.01 with GGA, RMC, GSV & GSA (output only - not configurable). 4800 baud, 8-bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. Receiver configuration is still available in NMEA mode, by using WINMON command protocol at 4800 baud, 8-bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. 1 per second (both modes) RTCM SC-104 (input only) - message types 1, 2 & 9-3 9600 baud, 8-bits, No Parity, 1 stop bit PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - GPS ORION RECEIVER BOARD PRIME POWER: Vdd into receiver board EXTERNAL BACKUP POWER: Vdr ACTIVE-ANTENNA POWER: POWER CONSUMPTION: Vdd MEMORY/RTC BACKUP POWER CONSUMPTION: Vdr INSTALLED SUPERCAP BACKUP LIFE: DATA I/O LEVELS: SIZE: (GPS Orion Receiver Board only) SIZE: (with GPS Orion Interface Board attached) CONNECTORS: +5 volts DC, +/- 10% >+2.2 volts DC, <+5.5volts DC +5 volts DC available GPS Receiver Board only: 370mA 1.85W With Antenna: 395mA 1.98W 60µA @ Vdr > +2.2volts DC 4 hours approx. CMOS TTL levels (0v & +5v) 95mm x 50mm x 20mm (with RF connector) 95mm x 50mm x 12mm (no RF connector) 95mm x 50mm x 30mm RF: SMA socket I/O: 9-pin (1 x 9), 0.1" pitch plug PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - GPS ORION INTERFACE BOARD INPUT POWER SUPPLY: MEMORY / RTC BACKUP BATTERY: BATTERY CHARGE - +8 volts to +30volts DC +3.6 v NiCad, 110mAhrs ● RATE: ● TOTAL RECHARGE TIME: BATTERY BACKUP LIFE (when supplying Vdr pin on GPS Orion receiver board): DATA I/O LEVELS: OUTPUT DATA-MODE CHANGE: SOFT RESET: CONNECTORS: 7.5mA typical 18 hours approx. 8 weeks approx. RS232 levels (±10v) Slide switch Push button I/O to Orion: 9-pin (1 x 9), 0.1" pitch socket Power: 2.5mm power socket (centre positive) RS232: 2 x 9 pin D-type plug ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS (RECEIVER BOARD ONLY) OPERATING TEMP: STORAGE TEMP: -40°C to +85°C -50°C to +110°C 3 GPS Orion NOTES: 1) COLD START:- Application Note A cold start results when there is no valid Almanac or Ephemeris information available for the satellite constellation in SRAM, or when the time and/or position information is NOT known (i.e starts at 0 in both cases). Also a cold start will be initiated if an Almanac is valid, but a fix cannot be achieved within 10 minutes of power-up. This could occur if the receiver position has moved significantly since it was last powered-up, but the position change and time are NOT initialised by the user 2) WARM START:- A warm start results when there is a valid Almanac, and the initial time and position are known in SRAM, but the ephemeris is NOT valid (i.e more than 4 - 6 hours old). 3) HOT START:- 4 A hot start results when there is a valid Almanac, valid ephemeris (i.e. less than 4 - 6 hours old), and when accurate time and position information are also known in SRAM (position error less than 100km, time error less than 5 minutes). This can be simulated by a momentary Soft-Reset (i.e. press the push-button on the GPS Orion interface Board). For more information about all Zarlink products visit our Web Site at www.zarlink.com Information relating to products and services furnished herein by Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. trading as Zarlink Semiconductor or its subsidiaries (collectively “Zarlink”) is believed to be reliable. However, Zarlink assumes no liability for errors that may appear in this publication, or for liability otherwise arising from the application or use of any such information, product or service or for any infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties which may result from such application or use. Neither the supply of such information or purchase of product or service conveys any license, either express or implied, under patents or other intellectual property rights owned by Zarlink or licensed from third parties by Zarlink, whatsoever. Purchasers of products are also hereby notified that the use of product in certain ways or in combination with Zarlink, or non-Zarlink furnished goods or services may infringe patents or other intellectual property rights owned by Zarlink. This publication is issued to provide information only and (unless agreed by Zarlink in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose nor form part of any order or contract nor to be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. The products, their specifications, services and other information appearing in this publication are subject to change by Zarlink without notice. No warranty or guarantee express or implied is made regarding the capability, performance or suitability of any product or service. Information concerning possible methods of use is provided as a guide only and does not constitute any guarantee that such methods of use will be satisfactory in a specific piece of equipment. It is the user’s responsibility to fully determine the performance and suitability of any equipment using such information and to ensure that any publication or data used is up to date and has not been superseded. Manufacturing does not necessarily include testing of all functions or parameters. These products are not suitable for use in any medical products whose failure to perform may result in significant injury or death to the user. All products and materials are sold and services provided subject to Zarlink’s conditions of sale which are available on request. Purchase of Zarlink s I2C components conveys a licence under the Philips I2C Patent rights to use these components in and I2C System, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips. Zarlink and the Zarlink Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Copyright 2001, Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. All Rights Reserved. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION - NOT FOR RESALE For more information about all Zarlink products visit our Web Site at www.zarlink.com Information relating to products and services furnished herein by Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. or its subsidiaries (collectively “Zarlink”) is believed to be reliable. However, Zarlink assumes no liability for errors that may appear in this publication, or for liability otherwise arising from the application or use of any such information, product or service or for any infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties which may result from such application or use. Neither the supply of such information or purchase of product or service conveys any license, either express or implied, under patents or other intellectual property rights owned by Zarlink or licensed from third parties by Zarlink, whatsoever. Purchasers of products are also hereby notified that the use of product in certain ways or in combination with Zarlink, or non-Zarlink furnished goods or services may infringe patents or other intellectual property rights owned by Zarlink. This publication is issued to provide information only and (unless agreed by Zarlink in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose nor form part of any order or contract nor to be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. The products, their specifications, services and other information appearing in this publication are subject to change by Zarlink without notice. No warranty or guarantee express or implied is made regarding the capability, performance or suitability of any product or service. Information concerning possible methods of use is provided as a guide only and does not constitute any guarantee that such methods of use will be satisfactory in a specific piece of equipment. It is the user’s responsibility to fully determine the performance and suitability of any equipment using such information and to ensure that any publication or data used is up to date and has not been superseded. Manufacturing does not necessarily include testing of all functions or parameters. These products are not suitable for use in any medical products whose failure to perform may result in significant injury or death to the user. All products and materials are sold and services provided subject to Zarlink’s conditions of sale which are available on request. Purchase of Zarlink’s I2C components conveys a licence under the Philips I2C Patent rights to use these components in and I2C System, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips. Zarlink, ZL and the Zarlink Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. Copyright Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. All Rights Reserved. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION - NOT FOR RESALE