Basics INTERFACE Serial Advantages of the Fiber Optic Technology... A U, I C B U, I Absolute electromagnetic immunity: Sources of interference do not affect the cable route! Galvanic isolation, no potential transfer! kBit/s FO Cu km High transmission capacity even at maximum distances! No crosstalk, no costly schielding measures Gain in performance and system security ! Basics INTERFACE Serial Fiber Optic Technology optical transmitter RS 232 RS 422 TTY RS 485 Ethernet CAN E/O connection elements connection elements O/E E/O O/E optical receiver optical receiver optical transmitter duplex fiber optic cable 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 electrical signal 0 1 0 1 optical signal 0 1 0 1 RS 232 RS 422 TTY RS 485 Ethernet CAN 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 electrical signal Basics INTERFACE Serial Fiber Optic Technology Range of electromagnetic waves Electronical communication engineering industrial engineering Polymer/ HCS/ HCS Glass 660 nm Glass Fiber 850 nm 800 1550 nm 1300 nm 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Wave length / nm 100 nm Cosmic radiation 24 10 frequency f / Hz 1 µm 22 20 10 18 10 100 µm 1 mm Range of optical radiation Gamma radiation 10 10 µm 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 10 8 6 4 2 10 10 10 10 Basics INTERFACE Serial Fiber Optic Technology Structure of a fiber-optic waveguide elastomer aramidfiber secondary coating primary coating core cladding fiber fiber primary coating secondary coating outer jacket Basics INTERFACE Serial Fiber Optic Technology Technology max. Distance fiber material Fiber type I < 100 m POF Multimode/ Step index 980/1000 II < 800 m < 2800 m HCS Multimode/ Step index 200/230 III < 5 km < 10 km Glass Multimode/ Graded index 50/125 (62,5/125) IV > 10 km Glass Monomode/ step index 9/125 fiber code (diameter) 660 nm 660 nm 850 nm 850 nm 1300 nm 1300nm/1550nm Wavelength 0,5 dB/km typ. Attenuation 230 dB/km 10 dB/km 8 dB/km 2,5 dB/km 1 dB/km B-FOC, SC, F-SMA, F-SMA, B-FOC, B-FOC, B-FOC, SC, connection couplings couplings couplings couplings, couplings, couplings, splice technology splice splice 1 ca. 1,5 ca. 2 ca. 2-3 ca. 3-5 > 3-5 Kostenfaktor INTERFACE Serial Basics Different Optical-Fiber types Multimode-Fiber Optic step profile B•L < 50 MHz•km polymer fiber 980/1000 µm HCS-fiber 200/230 µm Multimode-Fiber gradient profile B•L < 1 GHz•km glass fiber 50/125 µm glass fiber 62,5/125 µm Singlemode-Fiber step profile glass fiber 9/125 µm B•L < 50 GHz•km Basics INTERFACE Serial Different Optical Fiber types Polymer fiber HCS glass fiber 980 µm 1000 µm 200 µm 230 µm 50µm 125µm multi mode step index r n nM = const nK = const multi mode step index r nM = const nK = const n multi mode graded index r n glass fiber 9µm 125µm single mode step index nM = const r nK = n(r) nM = const nK = const n Basics INTERFACE Serial Attenuation Curve of a Polymer Fiber 3000 POFSpektrum Attenuation [dB/km] 2500 2000 1500 1000 230 dB/km 90 dB/km 500 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength [nm] 750 800 850 900 Basics INTERFACE Serial Attenuation Curve of an HCS Fiber HCS-Fiber: Hard-Polymer Clad Silica Fiber 200 180 Attenuation [dB/km] 160 (plastic cladding-/ glass core fiber) HCS Spektrum 140 120 100 80 60 10 dB/km 8 dB/km 40 20 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength [nm] 750 800 850 900 Basics INTERFACE Serial Attenuation Curve of a Glas Fiber Advantages of different “windows” 850 nm: inexpensive transmitters and receivers 1300 nm: minimal dispersion 1550 nm: lowest attenuation 6 α dB / km Rayleigh-scattering theoretical threshold 4 2 0 800 850 nm 1. window 1000 1200 1300 nm 2. window 1400 1550 nm 3. window λ nm Basics INTERFACE Serial What is the meaning of dB ? 100 100 µW • The increase of the attenuation on a transmission line corresponds to a e x-function 80 60 • The conversion into dB allows an easy handling of the values (e.g. the total loss of all sections is equal to the sum of each individual section) 50 µW 40 25 µW 20 0 0 0,5 3 1,0 0 -3 1,5 2,0 -6 -10 2,5 -13 3,0 -16 3,5 -20 • Most of the specification data use the db (m) scale 4,0 -23 -26 power conversion: -30 dBm µW 3000 1000 500 300 1000 100 50 30 10 5 3 Important: reference power = 1 mW dB-values < 1 mW will always be negative 1 dBm --> µW A = 10dBm • log (P/ 1 mW) µW --> dBm P = 10 A/10dBm• 1 mW Basics INTERFACE Serial Planning a FO transmission line optical transmission power : receiver sensitivity : power budget : system reserve : max. permissible attenuation : PS = -16,0 dBm – PE = -25,0 dBm PS = – 9,0 dB 3,0 dB A = 6,0 dB Maximum distance (L) at a typical fiber attenuation α of 2,4 dB/km: L= A α L= 6 dB 2,4 dB/km L = 2500 m Basics INTERFACE Serial Fiber Optic Cable Selection ... distance => fiber optic (POF, HCS, glass) tensile stress (up to 1000 N) indoor-/outdoor-cable bending radius min. 10 x d cross pressure (up to 500 N/cm) ... take care of the technical data in the catalog! INTERFACE Serial Basics Overview of optical fiber cables POLYMER FIBER Simple and light-weight version Standard installation cable Replacement type for PSM-LWL-KDM... Heavy, rugged installation cable PSM-LWL/KDL... PSM-LWL/KDHEAVY... PSM-LWL/RUGGED... for stricter mechanical requirements Heavy, highly flexible cable for moving, flexible cable track applications PSM-LWL/RUGGED-FLEX INTERFACE Serial Basics Overview of optical fiber cables HCS / GLASS FIBER HCS cable for indoor installations HCS cable for outdoor installations Glass fiber cable for indoor installations Glass fiber cable for outdoor installations PSM-LWL/HCS-RUGGED... PSM-LWL/HCSO... PSM-LWL/GDM-RUGGED... PSM-LWL/GDO... INTERFACE Serial Basics FO-Connector Types F-SMA Connector with screw connection Polymer-, HCS and older glass fiber systems B-FOC (ST) Connector with bajonet lock Glass fiber systems (Field busses, 10 Mbit/100 Mbit Ethernet ....) SC – (Duplex) Push/Pull-connector Glass fiber systems (z.B. 100 Mbit/1Gbit Ethernet)