STC3105 - STMicroelectronics

STC3105
Battery monitor IC with alarm output for gas gauge applications
Features
■
0.5% accuracy battery voltage monitoring
■
Low battery alarm output with programmable
thresholds
■
Low power: 60 µA in power-saving mode, 2 µA
max in standby mode
■
Ideal for implementation of robust gas gauge
systems using open-circuit voltage and
coulomb counter methods
■
Small 3x2 mm package
TDFN8 3x2
(Plastic micropackage)
Applications
■
Mobile phones, multimedia players, digital
cameras
■
Portable medical equipment
Description
The STC3105 battery monitor includes the
hardware functions required to implement a lowcost gas gauge for battery monitoring. The
STC3105 uses accurate measurements of the
battery voltage to estimate a battery’s state-ofcharge (SOC). It uses a low cost sense resistor to
precisely sense the charge or discharge states,
detect light-load conditions without ambiguity for
voltage measurements, and accurate SOC
calculation. The coulomb counter method is used
for SOC tracking in high-load conditions.
Pin connections
(top view)
ALM
SDA
SCL
GND
1
2
8
3
7
6
4
5
VIN
VCC
NC
CG
An alarm output signals a low SOC condition, and
can also indicate low battery voltage. The alarm
threshold levels are programmable.
The device is programmable through an I2C
interface.
September 2011
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
1/23
www.st.com
23
Contents
STC3105
Contents
1
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2
Pin assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5
Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7
8
6.1
Battery monitoring functions and operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.2
Battery voltage monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.3
Current sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.4
Coulomb counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.5
Alarm output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.6
Battery voltage relaxation timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.7
Timing diagram in run mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
I2C interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.1
Read and write operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.2
Register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.1
TDFN8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9
Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2/23
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
STC3105
1
Block diagram
Block diagram
Figure 1.
STC3105 internal block diagram
6
REFERENCE
6##
!CCUMULATORSAND
CONTROLREGISTERS
(Z
TIMEBASE
/SCILLATOR
6).
!$CONVERTER
-58
#'
#'
#'
3#,
3$!
!,-
!LARMOUTPUT
) #INTERFACE
2!-)$REGISTERS
'.$
'!0-3-$
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
3/23
Pin assignment
2
STC3105
Pin assignment
Table 1.
Note:
4/23
STC3105 pin description
Pin
Pin name
Type
Function
1
ALM
I/OD
Alarm signal output, open drain, external pull-up
resistor is required
2
SDA
I/OD
I2C serial data
3
SCL
I_D
I2C serial clock
4
GND
Ground
5
CG
I_A
6
NC
7
VCC
Supply
8
VIN
I_A
Analog and digital ground
Current sensing input
Reserved test pin. Do not connect.
Power supply
Battery voltage sensing input
I: input
O: output
OD: open drain
A: analog
D: digital
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
STC3105
3
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 2.
Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol
VCCMAX
VIO
TSTG
TJ
ESD
Table 3.
Symbol
Parameter
Maximum voltage on VCC pin
Voltage on I/O pins
Storage temperature
Maximum junction temperature
Electrostatic discharge (HBM: human body model)
Unit
7
V
-0.3 to 7
V
-55 to 150
°C
150
°C
2
kV
Value
Unit
2.7 to 5.5
V
2.0
V
-40 to 85
°C
Operating conditions
Parameter
VCC
Operating supply voltage on VCC
VMIN
Minimum voltage on VCC for RAM content retention
TOPER
Value
Operating free air temperature range
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
5/23
Electrical characteristics
STC3105
4
Electrical characteristics
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics (2.7 V < VCC < 4.5 V, -20 ° C to 70 ° C)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
60
-
70
100
µA
µA
Supply
ICC
Operating current consumption
Average value over 4 s in:
– power-saving mode
– Active mode
ISTBY
Current consumption in standby
Standby mode, inputs=0V
2
µA
IPDN
Current consumption in power-down
VCC < UVLOTH, inputs=0V
1
µA
UVLOTH
Undervoltage threshold
(VCC decreasing)
2.7
V
UVLOHYST
Undervoltage threshold hysteresis
POR
Power-on reset threshold
2.5
(VCC decreasing)
2.6
100
mV
2.0
V
Current sensing
Vin_gg
Input voltage range
IIN
Input current for CG pin
ADC_res
AD converter granularity
ADC_offset
AD converter offset
ADC_time
AD conversion time
500
ADC_acc
AD converter gain accuracy at full scale 25 ° C
(using external sense resistor)
Over temperature range
0.5
-
FOSC
Internal time base frequency
Osc_acc
Internal time base accuracy
Cur_res
Current register LSB value
Chg_res
Charge register LSB value
6/23
-80
+80
mV
500
nA
11.77
CG = 0 V
25 ° C, VCC = 3.6 V
over temperature and
voltage ranges
=Cur_res*2^12*0.5/3600
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
-3
µV
3
LSB
ms
1
%
%
32768
Hz
2
%
2.5
%
11.77
µV
6.70
µVh
STC3105
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics (2.7 V < VCC < 4.5 V, -20 ° C to 70 ° C) (continued)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
5
V
Battery voltage measurement
Vin_adc
Input voltage range
0
LSB
LSB value
2.44
mV
ADC_time
AD conversion time
250
ms
Volt_acc
Battery voltage measurement accuracy 2.7 V<Vin<4.5 V, VCC=Vin
-0.5
+0.5
%
Digital I/O pins (SCL, SDA, ALM)
Vih
Input logic high
Vil
Input logic low
Vol
Output logic low (SDA, ALM)
1.2
Iol = 4 mA
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
V
0.35
V
0.4
V
7/23
Electrical characteristics
Table 5.
STC3105
I2C timing - VIO= 2.8 V, Tamb = -20 °C to 70 ° C (unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
400
kHz
Fscl
SCL clock frequency
thd,sta
Hold time (repeated) START condition
0.6
µs
tlow
LOW period of the SCL clock
1.3
µs
thigh
HIGH period of the SCL clock
0.6
µs
tsu,dat
Setup time for repeated START condition
0.6
µs
thd,dat
Data hold time
tsu,dat
Data setup time
tr
Rise time of both SDA and SCL signals
20+
0.1Cb
tf
Fall time of both SDA and SCL signals
20+
0.1Cb
tsu,sto
Setup time for STOP condition
0.6
µs
tbuf
Bus free time between a STOP and
START condition
1.3
µs
Cb
Capacitive load for each bus line
Figure 2.
0
0
0.9
100
-
µs
ns
300
ns
300
ns
400
pF
I2C timing diagram
6IH
3$!
TF
6IL
THDSTA
TR
TSUDAT THIGH
3#,
TLOW
8/23
THDDAT
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
TSUSTA
'!0-3-$
STC3105
5
Application information
Application information
Figure 3.
Example of an application schematic using the STC3105
/PTIONALFILTER
6##
)/VOLTAGE
34#
2
6).
#
#'
3#,
3$!
!,-
#
2CG
'.$
'!0-3-$
Table 6.
External component list
Name
Value
Tolerance
Comments
Rcg
10 to 50 mΩ
2% to 5%
C1
1 µF
C2
220 nF
Battery voltage input filter (optional)
R1
1 kΩ
Battery voltage input filter (optional)
Current sense resistor
Supply decoupling capacitor
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
9/23
Functional description
STC3105
6
Functional description
6.1
Battery monitoring functions and operating modes
The monitoring functions include the measurement of the battery voltage and battery
current. A coulomb counter is used to track the state-of-charge when the battery is charging
or is discharging at a high rate. A 14-bit sigma-delta A/D converter is used to measure both
the voltage and current.
The STC3105 can operate in two modes with different power consumption. The selection is
made by the PWR_SAVE bit in the register 0 (Refer to Table 11 on page 17 for register 0
definition).
In power-saving mode, the current is measured only half of the time. This saves about half of
the power consumption.
In active mode, the current is continuously measured (except for one conversion cycle used
every 4 seconds for the voltage measurement). This provides the highest accuracy from the
coulomb counter.
When the battery voltage falls below the undervoltage lockout threshold of 2.7 V, the
monitoring functions are stopped and the STC3105 stays in power-down mode with
minimum quiescent current. All registers are maintained down to 2.0 V. Below 2.0 V, the
registers are reset to their default power-on values.
By writing 0 to the GG_RUN bit in register 0, the STC3105 measurement is automatically
stopped and the register values are frozen and unchanged. After the GG_RUN bit is again
set to 1, the STC3105 continues to measure from the point it was stopped.
6.2
Battery voltage monitoring
The battery voltage is measured by using one conversion cycle of the A/D converter every 4
seconds.
The conversion cycle takes 213 = 8192 clock cycles. Using the 32768 Hz internal clock, the
conversion cycle time is 250 ms.
The voltage range is 0 to 5 V, and the resolution is 2.44 mV. The accuracy of the voltage
measurement is ±0.5% over the temperature range. This allows accurate state-of-charge
information from the battery open-circuit voltage.
6.3
Current sensing
The voltage drop across the sense resistor is integrated during a conversion period and
input to the 14-bit sigma-delta A/D converter.
Using the 32768 Hz internal clock, the conversion cycle time is 500 ms for a 14-bit
resolution. The LSB value is 11.77 µV. The A/D converter output is in two’s complement
format.
When a conversion cycle is completed, the result is added to the coulomb counter
accumulator and the number of conversions is incremented in a 16-bit counter.
10/23
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
STC3105
6.4
Functional description
Coulomb counter
The coulomb counter is used to track the state-of-charge of the battery when the battery is
charging or discharging at a high rate. Each result of current conversion is accumulated into
a 28-bit accumulator. The upper 16 bits of the accumulator are added to the SOC base
register to provide the current state-of-charge (SOC) in the charge register. The system
controller can control the coulomb counter, set the SOC base register value and read the
charge register through the I2C control registers.
Figure 4.
Coulomb counter block diagram
BIT#OUNTER
#OUNTER
REGISTER
6
BIT
ACCUMULATOR
#'
BIT
!$CONVERTER
6
#URRENT
REGISTER
#HARGE
REGISTER
3/#BASE
REGISTER
%/#
CG?RST
CG?RES
CG?CLOCK
CG?ENABLE
RD?REQ
#ONTROLLOGIC
CG?CALIBRATION
(Z
#ONTROL
REGISTERS
'!0-3-$
When using an external 30 mΩ sense resistor, the 28-bit accumulator results in a coulomb
counter capacity of approximately +/- 7300 mA.h. The upper 16 bits used for the charge
register give a resolution of 0.2 mA.h.
6.5
Alarm output
The ALM pin provides an alarm signal in case of low battery condition. The output is an
open drain, and an external pull-up resistor may be needed in the application. Writing the
IO0DATA bit to 0 forces the ALM output low; writing the IO0DATA bit to 1 lets the ALM output
reflect the battery condition. Reading the IO0DATA bit gives the state of the ALM pin.
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
11/23
Functional description
STC3105
When the IO0DATA bit is 1 and the alarm function is enabled by the ALM_ENA bit, the ALM
pin is driven low if either of these two conditions is met:
●
battery state-of-charge (SOC) less than the programmed threshold
●
battery voltage less than the programmed low voltage level
When a low-voltage or low-SOC condition is triggered, the STC3105 drives the ALM pin low
and sets the ALM_VOLT or ALM_SOC bit in REG_CTRL.
The ALM pin remains low (even if the conditions disappear) until the software writes the
ALM_VOLT and ALM_SOC bits to 0 to clear the interrupt.
Clearing the ALM_VOLT or ALM_SOC while the corresponding low-voltage or low-SOC
condition is still true does not generate another interrupt; this condition must disappear first
and must be detected again before another interrupt (ALM pin driven low) is generated for
this alarm. The other alarm condition, if not yet triggered, can still generate an interrupt.
Usually, the low-SOC alarm occurs first to warn the application of a low battery condition,
then if no action is taken and the battery discharges further, the low-voltage alarm signals a
nearly-empty battery condition.
At power-up, or when the STC3105 is reset, the alarm output is disabled (ALM_ENA bit = 0),
the threshold levels (low-voltage alarm, low-SOC alarm) are cleared, and the base SOC and
relaxation counter are cleared.
6.6
Battery voltage relaxation timer
A battery relaxation timer is counted from the time that the current is below 0 and above the
current threshold, meaning the battery is in a light-load condition. The relaxation counter
register is an 8-bit read-only register clocked every 2 voltage conversion (8 s) and can go up
to about 30 min; when the counter reaches its max value 0xff, it stops at this max value. The
counter is cleared when the current is above 0 (charging) or below the current threshold
(high rate discharge).
The relaxation counter register is read from I2C by the gas gauge firmware to check that the
battery voltage had enough time to relax from the last time the current was high or charging.
The current threshold register is an 8-bit R/W register set by the gas gauge firmware from
I2C. It can be programmed from 0.1 to 100% of the full scale current range with 0.4% steps
Figure 5.
Battery voltage relaxation counter
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Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
STC3105
6.7
Functional description
Timing diagram in run mode
Figures 6 and 7 describe the timing diagrams of the STC3105. It is assumed that the gas
gauge has been reset with GG_RST before GG_RUN=1.
Figure 6.
Timing diagram in active run mode
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Timing diagram in power-saving run mode
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The voltage is measured first after GG_RUN bit is set to 1. The charge accumulator is
updated every 500 ms using the last current value. The measurement cycles can be
interrupted by setting GG_RUN=0 and the current conversion cycle is aborted.
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
13/23
I2C interface
STC3105
7
I2C interface
7.1
Read and write operations
The interface is used to control and read the current accumulator and registers. It is
compatible with the Philips I2C registered trademark (version 2.1). It is a slave serial
interface with a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL).
●
SCL: input clock used to shift data
●
SDA: input/output bidirectional data transfers
A filter rejects the potential spikes on the bus data line to preserve data integrity.
The bidirectional data line supports transfers up to 400 kbit/s (fast mode). The data is shifted
to and from the chip on the SDA line, MSB first.
The first bit must be high (START) followed by the 7-bit device address and the read/write
control bit. Bits DevADDR0 to DevADDR2 are factory-programmable, the default device
address value being 1110 000 (AddrID0 = AddrID1 = AddrID2 = 0). The STC3105 then
sends an acknowledge at the end of an 8-bit long sequence. The next 8 bits correspond to
the register address followed by another acknowledge.
The data field is the last 8-bit long sequence sent, followed by a last acknowledge.
Table 7.
Device address format
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
1
1
1
0
DevADDR2
DevADDR1
DevADDR0
R/W
Table 8.
Register address format
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
RegADDR7
RegADDR6
RegADDR5
RegADDR4
RegADDR3
RegADDR2
RegADDR1
RegADDR0
Table 9.
Register data format
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
DATA7
DATA6
DATA5
DATA4
DATA3
DATA2
DATA1
DATA0
14/23
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
I2C interface
STC3105
Figure 8.
Read operation
3LAVE
-ASTER
3TART
$EVICEADDR
BITS
7 !
2EGADDRESS ! 2ESTART
BITS
$EVICEADDR
BITS
2 !
2EGDATA !
BITS
3TARTBIT3$!FALLINGWHEN3#,
3TOPBIT3$!RISINGWHEN3#,
2ESTARTBITSTARTAFTERASTART
!CKNOWLEDGE3$!FORCEDLOWDURINGA3#,CLOCK
2EGDATA !
BITS
2EGDATA
BITS
!DDRESS
N
!DDRESS
N
!
3TOP
'!0-3-$
Figure 9.
Write operation
3TART
$EVICEADDR
BITS
7 !
2EGADDRESS
BITS
! 2EGDATA
BITS
!
2EGDATA !
BITS
!DDRESS
N
3TARTBIT3$!FALLINGWHEN3#,
3TOPBIT3$!RISINGWHEN3#,
2ESTARTBITSTARTAFTERASTART
2EGDATA
BITS
!
3TOP
!DDRESS
N
'!0-3-$
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
15/23
I2C interface
7.2
STC3105
Register map
The register space provides 17 control registers, 1 read-only register for device ID and 16
read/write RAM working registers reserved for the gas gauge algorithm. Mapping of all
registers is shown in Table 10. Detailed descriptions of registers 0 (REG_MODE) and 1
(REG_CTRL) are shown in Table 11 and Table 12. All registers are reset to default values
at power-on or reset, and the PORDET bit in register REG_CTRL is used to indicate the
occurrence of a power-on reset.
Table 10.
Register map
Name
Control registers
Address
(decimal)
Type
Description
0 to 23
REG_MODE
0
R/W
Mode register
REG_CTRL
1
R/W
Control and status register
REG_CHARGE_LOW
2
R
State-of-charge data, bits 0-7
REG_CHARGE_HIGH
3
R
State-of-charge data, bits 8-15
REG_COUNTER_LOW
4
R
Number of conversions, bits 0-7
REG_COUNTER_HIGH
5
R
Number of conversions, bits 8-15
REG_CURRENT_LOW
6
R
Battery current value, bits 0-7
REG_CURRENT_HIGH
7
R
Battery current value, bits 8-15
REG_VOLTAGE_LOW
8
R
Battery voltage value, bits 0-7
REG_VOLTAGE_HIGH
9
R
Battery voltage value, bits 8-15
REG_SOC_BASE_LOW
10
R/W
SOC base value, bits 0-7
REG_SOC_BASE_HIGH
11
R/W
SOC base value, bits 8-15
REG_ALARM_SOC_LOW
12
R/W
SOC alarm level, bits 0-7
REG_ALARM_SOC_HIGH
13
R/W
SOC alarm level, bits 8-15
REG_ALARM_VOLTAGE
14
R/W
Battery low voltage alarm level
REG_CURRENT_THRES
15
R/W
Current threshold for the voltage
relaxation counter
REG_RELAX_COUNT
16
R
Voltage relaxation counter
24
R
Part type ID = 12h
Device ID register
REG_ID
RAM registers
32 to 47
REG_RAM0
32
...
...
REG_RAM15
47
R/W
Working register 0 for gas gauge
...
R/W
Working register 15 for gas gauge
Values held in consecutive registers (such as the charge value in the REG_CHARGE_LOW
and REG_CHARGE_HIGH registers) must be read with a single I2C access to ensure data
integrity. It is possible to read multiple values in one I2C access; all values will be consistent.
16/23
Doc ID 022198 Rev 1
I2C interface
STC3105
The charge data is coded in 2’s complement format, and the LSB value is 6.70 uV.h.
The battery current is coded in 2’s complement format, and the LSB value is 11.77 uV.
The battery voltage is coded in binary format, and the LSB value is 2.44 mV.
Table 11.
Name
REG_MODE - address 0
Pos.
Type
Def.
0
Description
Unused
1
R/W
0
Reserved. Write this bit to 0.
PWR_SAVE
2
R/W
0
0: active mode, 1: power-saving mode
ALM_ENA
3
R/W
0
Alarm function: 0: disabled, 1: enabled
0
0: standby mode. Accumulator and counter
registers are frozen, gas gauge and battery
monitor functions are in standby.
1: operating mode.
GG_RUN
4
R/W
[7..5]
Table 12.
Name
IO0DATA
Unused
REG_CTRL - address 1
Pos.
Type
Def.
R
X
ALM pin status:
0 = ALM input is low, 1 = ALM input is high
W
1
ALM pin output drive:
0 = ALM is forced low, 1 = ALM is driven by the
alarm conditions
0
Description
GG_RST
1
W
0
0: no effect
1: resets the charge accumulator and conversion
counter. GG_RST is a self-clearing bit.
GG_EOC
2
R
0
Set at the end of a battery current conversion
cycle. Clears upon reading.
VM_EOC
3
R
0
Set at the end of a battery voltage conversion
cycle. Clears upon reading.
R
1
Power on reset (POR) detection bit:
0 = no POR event occurred,
1 = POR event occurred
W
0
Soft reset:
0 = release the soft-reset and clear the POR
detection bit, 1 = assert the soft-reset and set the
POR detection bit.
PORDET
4
ALM_SOC
5
R/W
0
Set by a low-SOC condition. Cleared by writing 0.
ALM_VOLT
6
R/W
0
Set by a low-voltage condition. Cleared by writing
0.
7
Unused
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Package information
8
STC3105
Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.
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8.1
Package information
TDFN8 package information
Figure 10. TDFN8 3 x 2 x 0.75 mm package mechanical drawing (pitch 0.65 mm)
GAPMSMD00033
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Package information
Table 13.
STC3105
TDFN8 3 x 2 x 0.75 mm package mechanical data (pitch 0.65 mm)
Dimensions
Ref.
Millimeters
Inches
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Min.
Typ.
Max.
A
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.028
0.030
0.031
A1
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.000
0.000
0.002
b
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.010
0.012
0.014
D
2.90
3.00
3.10
0.114
0.118
0.122
E
1.90
2.00
2.10
0.075
0.079
0.083
e
0.65
0.026
L
0.45
0.55
0.65
0.018
0.022
0.026
L1
0.55
0.65
0.75
0.022
0.026
0.030
Figure 11. Recommended land pattern
GAPMSMD00034
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Ordering information
Ordering information
Table 14.
Order codes
Part number
Temperature
range
Package
Packing
Marking
STC3105IQT
-40°C, +85°C
TDFN8 3 x 2
Tape and reel
O203
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Revision history
10
STC3105
Revision history
Table 15.
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Document revision history
Date
Revision
07-Sep-2011
1
Changes
First release.
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