EPS Electric Power Steering Table of Contents CAN-BUS, ESD Protection................................................................................................................................................ 3 CAN-BUS, ISO9141 Bus Transceiver............................................................................................................................... 4 CAN-BUS, K-Line Bus Controller..................................................................................................................................... 5 Controller / Asics, Filtering...............................................................................................................................................6 Controller / Asics, Pull-Up / Pull-Down Resistors and Arrays.......................................................................................7 Input Signal Conditioning, ESD Protection.....................................................................................................................8 Input Signal Conditioning, Position.................................................................................................................................9 Input Signal Conditioning, Temperature....................................................................................................................... 10 Input Signal Conditioning, Ultra-Stable Voltage Divider..............................................................................................11 Power Stage, 3-Phase Motor Switch..............................................................................................................................12 Power Stage, Current Sensing....................................................................................................................................... 13 Power Stage, Filtering..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Power Stage, Freewheeling diode................................................................................................................................. 15 Power Supply, EMI Filtering........................................................................................................................................... 16 Power Supply, Quiescent Current Switch-Off.............................................................................................................. 17 Power Supply, Reverse Polarity Protection.................................................................................................................. 18 Power Supply, SMPS Buck............................................................................................................................................. 19 Power Supply, Transient Protection.............................................................................................................................. 21 page 1 EPS Electric Power Steering VISHAY components used for EPS include: • Power MOSFETs • Diodes • Capacitors • High-Stability Precision Resistors • Inductors / EMI Filters • Transient / Overvoltage Protection Devices • ESD Protection Devices • Reverse Polarity Protection Devices Application Overview Electric power assisted steering (EPS) uses an electric motor to provide directional control to the driver, without any hydraulic systems. Sensors detect the motion and torque of the steering column and a computer module applies assistive power via an electric motor coupled directly to either the steering gear or steering column. Most EPS systems have variable assist, which provides more assistance as the speed of a vehicle decreases, and less assistance from the system during high-speed situations. This functionality requires a delicate balance of power and control that has only been available in recent years. In the event of a component failure, a mechanical linkage such as a rack and pinion serves as a back-up in a manner similar to that of hydraulic systems. The EPS system is gradually replacing the hydraulic steering system and is likely to soon become mainstream among automotive manufacturers. VISHAY's broad product line includes components for power supply (SMPS), input signal conditioning, power stage, and vehicle communication functions. page 2 EPS Electric Power Steering : CAN-BUS, ESD Protection Ceramic Capacitors Product Name Status VJ....31/ VJ....34 Automotive MLCC Description SMD Ceramic Capacitor Solutions High-Reliable NME Process Boardflex-Sensitive Applications Features 1.0pF…1µF 10Vdc ... 3000Vdc Package Q-Level SMD 0402…1812 Small Signal Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package GL05T Low Capacitance ESD Protection; Data Line Protection; Ppk=300W, Vrrm=70V, Ippm=17A SMD SOT-23 GL24T Low Capacitance ESD Protection; Data Line Protection; Ppk=300W, Vrrm=70V, Ippm=5A SMD SOT-23 Q-Level Thick Film Resistors Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level CRCW0402 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 0402 AEC Q200 CRCW0603 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 0603 AEC Q200 CRCW0805 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 0805 AEC Q200 CRCW1206 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 1206 AEC Q200 CRCW1210 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 1210 AEC Q200 CRCW2010 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2010 AEC Q200 CRCW2512 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2512 AEC Q200 RCA2010 NEW Automotive Grade; Thick Film; Sulfure-Resistant Termination, 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2010 AEC Q200 RCA2512 NEW Automotive Grade; Thick Film; Sulfure-Resistant Termination, 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2512 AEC Q200 TVS Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level SM5A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=500A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 SM8A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=700A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 page 3 EPS Electric Power Steering : CAN-BUS, ISO9141 Bus Transceiver Integred Circuit Product Name Status Description Features Package Si9241AEY Single-Ended Bus Transceiver 200kB typical, reverse BAT protection SMD SO-8 Si9243AEY Single-Ended Bus Transceiver 200kB typical, reverse BAT protection SMD SO-8 Q-Level page 4 EPS Electric Power Steering : CAN-BUS, K-Line Bus Controller Integred Circuit Product Name Si9200EY-T1-E3 Status Description CAN Bus Driver and Receiver Features Single supply Package Q-Level SMD SO-8 page 5 EPS Electric Power Steering : Controller / Asics, Filtering Inductor Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level IHLP1616AB-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,047µH…2,2µH, Idc=15A…3A SMD 1616 AEC Q200 IHLP1616BZ-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,1µH...2,2µH, Idc=35A…6A SMD 1616 AEC Q200 Tantalum Capacitor Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level TH3 150°C rated, Low ESR; 100% surge current tested, 10V-50VDC; 0,33-100µF; SMD A/B/C/D/E Case AEC Q200 TP3 High Performance Automotive Grade 4V-50VDC ; 0,1µF-470µF SMD A/B/C/D/E Case AEC Q200 page 6 EPS Electric Power Steering : Controller / Asics, Pull-Up / Pull-Down Resistors and Arrays Resistor Array Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level CRA04S CRA04P Thick Film Resistor Array 10-1MOhm, 63mW SMD / Array 0603 CRA06 Thick Film Resistor Array 10-1MOhm, 63mW SMD / Array 0603 AEC Q200 CRA12 Thick Film Resistor Array 10-1MOhm, 100mW SMD / Array 1206 AEC Q200 page 7 EPS Electric Power Steering : Input Signal Conditioning, ESD Protection Ceramic Capacitors Product Name Status VJ....31 VJ....34 Automotive MLCC Description SMD Ceramic Capacitor Solutions High-Reliable NME Process Boardflex-Sensitive Applications Features 1.0pF…1µF 10Vdc ... 3000Vdc Package Q-Level SMD 0402…1812 Small Signal Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package GL05T Low Capacitance ESD Protection; Data Line Protection; Ppk=300W, Vrrm=70V, Ippm=17A SMD SOT-23 GL24T Low Capacitance ESD Protection; Data Line Protection; Ppk=300W, Vrrm=70V, Ippm=5A SMD SOT-23 Q-Level Thick Film Resistors Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level CRCW0402 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 0402 AEC Q200 CRCW0603 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 0603 AEC Q200 CRCW0805 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 0805 AEC Q200 CRCW1206 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 1206 AEC Q200 CRCW1210 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 1210 AEC Q200 CRCW2010 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2010 AEC Q200 CRCW2512 Bulk Resistors; Pulse resistant; Good Long-Term Stability; 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2512 AEC Q200 RCA2010 Automotive Grade; Thick Film; Sulfure-Resistant Termination, 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2010 AEC Q200 RCA2512 Automotive Grade; Thick Film; Sulfure-Resistant Termination, 1R..10M, 1%, TCR100 SMD 2512 AEC Q200 TVS Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level SM5A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=500A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 SM8A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=700A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 page 8 EPS Electric Power Steering : Input Signal Conditioning, Position Optical Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level TCPT1300X01 Dual Transmissive Optical Sensor With Phototransistor Outputs SMD L 5.5×W4×H4mm Gap: 3mm AEC Q101 TCUT1300X01 Transmissive Optical Sensor With Phototransistor Output SMD L 5.5×W4×H4mm Gap: 3mm AEC Q101 page 9 EPS Electric Power Steering : Input Signal Conditioning, Temperature NTC Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level NTCS0402E3 Glass coated and protected 4K7…100K SMD 0402 AECQ200 NTCS0603E3 Glass coated and protected 2K2…100K SMD 0603 AECQ200 NTCS0805E3 Glass coated and protected 2K2…680K SMD 0805 AECQ200 page 10 EPS Electric Power Steering : Input Signal Conditioning, Ultra-Stable Voltage Divider Resistor Arrays Product Name ACAS 0612 Precision Status Description Flat Chip Resistor Array Features 100 - 221k Ohm, +-25ppm/K +-0,25% Package SMD array 0612 Q-Level AEC Q200 page 11 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Stage, 3-Phase Motor Switch MOSFETs Product Name Status Description Features Package SUM110N04-03P N-Channel 40-V (D-S), 175°C MOSFET rDS(on)=3.1mOhm SMD TO-263 (D²PAK) SUM110N04-05H N-Channel 40-V (D-S) 175°C MOSFET rDS(on)=0.0053Ohm SMD TO-263 (D²PAK) SUM110N04-05H N-Channel 40-V (D-S), 175°C MOSFET; Logic Level rDS(on)=5,0mOhm SMD TO-263 (D²PAK) SUM110N04-2m3L N-Channel 40-V (D-S) MOSFET rDS(on)=2.3mOhm SMD TO-263 (D²PAK) Q-Level page 12 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Stage, Current Sensing Shunt Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level WSL2512 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R0005...R5 , 1%, TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 1W SMD 2512 AEC Q200 WSL2512-18 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R0005...R04 , 1%, TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 2W SMD 2512 AEC Q200 WSL3921 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R0003...R004, 1% TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 3W SMD 3921 AEC Q200 WSL5931 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R0002...R003, 1% TCR<= ± 75ppm P70 = 5W SMD 5931 AEC Q200 WSLP1206 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very High Power- Small Size; Very Low R Value; Very Low TCR; R001...R05, 1%, TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 1W SMD 1206 AEC Q200 WSR-2 Current Sense Power Metal Strip; High Power; Molded; R001...1R, 1% TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 2W SMD 4527 AEC Q200 WSR-3 Current Sense Power Metal Strip; High Power; Molded; R001...R2, 1% TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 3W SMD 4527 AEC Q200 WSR-5 Current Sense Power Metal Strip; High Power; Molded; R001...R03, 1% TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 5W SMD 4527 AEC Q200 page 13 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Stage, Filtering Alu Elcaps Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level 140CRH Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); High-Temperature, Pb-Free 10µF…4700µF Life@125°C 6000h SMD max.18×18×21 AEC Q200 140RTM Aluminum Capacitors; Radial; High-Temperature 125 degree 22.…4700µF Life@125°C = 4000h TH / Radial max.18×31 mm AEC Q200 146CTI Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); 22…4700µF, Life@125°C = 6000h SMD max 18×18×21 AEC Q200 146RTI Aluminum Capacitors; Radial; low impedance, high temperature 68…6800µF, Life@125°C = 6000h TH / Radial max18x35mm AEC Q200 148RUS Aluminum Capacitors; Radial; High CV 47.…22000µF TH / Radial Radial 150CRZ Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); Very Low Z; Pb-Free; 4,7…10000µF, Life@105°C 10000h SMD max 18×18×21 153CRV Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); Long-Life Vertical, Pb-Free 0,47....1000µF, Life@105°C 3000h SMD max.10×10×14 AEC Q200 Inductor Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level IHLP1616BZ-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,1µH…2,2µH, Idc=35A…6A SMD 1616 AEC Q200 IHLP2525AH-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,1µH…4,7µH, Idc=40A…8A SMD 2525 AEC Q200 IHLP2525EZ-A1 Low Profile, High Current, Shielded, Low DCR, High Saturation 0,56µH…10µH, Idc=12A…4,5A SMD 2525 AEC Q200 IHLP4040DZ-A1 Low Profile, High Current, Shielded, Low DCR, High Saturation 0,19µH…10µH, Idc=90A…12A SMD 4040 AEC Q200 IHLP5050CE-A1 Low Profile, High Current, Shielded, Low DCR, High Saturation 0,1µH…10µH, Idc=43A…7A SMD 5050 AEC Q200 IHLP5050EZ-A1 Low Profile, High Current, Shielded, Low DCR, High Saturation 0,1µH…10µH, Idc=55A…9A SMD 5050 AEC Q200 page 14 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Stage, Freewheeling diode Schottky Diodes Product Name MBRB16H35HE3 MBRB16H45HE3 Status SOON Description Features Package Q-Level Low Vf, High Current Density Vrr=35V, If=16A SMD TO-263 (D²PAK) AEC Q101 Low Vf, High Current Density Vrr=45V, If=16A SMD TO-263 (D²PAK) AEC Q101 page 15 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Supply, EMI Filtering Inductor Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level IHLP2525EZ01 Low Profile, High Current; High Transient Current Spike Capable; Shielded; Low DCR; 0,56µH...10µH, Idc=12A…4,5A SMD 2525 IHLP4040DZ-A1 Low Profile, High Current; High Transient Current Spike Capable; Shielded; Low DCR; 0,19µH...10µH, Idc=90A…12A SMD 4040 AEC Q200 IHLP5050FD-A1 Low Profile, High Current; High Transient Current Spike Capable; 0,1µH...10µH, Idc=120A…15,5A SMD 5050 AEC Q200 page 16 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Supply, Quiescent Current Switch-Off MOSFETs Product Name Status Description Features Package SUD50P04-09L P-Ch, Tj=175°C Power MOSFET, Low Leakage Current; P-Ch, 40-V (D-S) MOSFET;, SMD rDS(on)=0,0094Ohm TO-252 (DPAK) SUD50P06-15L P-Ch, Tj=175°C Power MOSFET, Low Leakage Current; P-Ch, 60-V (D-S) MOSFET;, SMD rDS(on)=0,015Ohm TO-252 (DPAK) SUM110P04-05 P-Ch MOSFET, 12V/24V Boardnet; (KL15) High-Side Power Switch; Stand-By Mode; P-Ch, 40-V (D-S) MOSFET;, SMD rDS(on)=0,005Ohm TO-263 (D²PAK) SUM110P06-07L P-Ch MOSFET, 12V/24V Boardnet; (KL15) High-Side Power Switch; Stand-By Mode; P-Ch, 60-V (D-S) MOSFET;, SMD rDS(on)=0,0069Ohm TO-263 (D²PAK) Q-Level page 17 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Supply, Reverse Polarity Protection MOSFETs Product Name Status Description Features Package SQ2309ES NEW P-Ch, MOSFET for General Application, IC-Protection; Automotive AEC-Q101 qualified P-Ch, 60-V (DS) MOSFET; rDS(on) = .335R@10V Id=-1.7Amp SMD TO-236 (SOT-23) SQ7415EN NEW Low Thermal Resistance; Fast Switching; Fully AEC Q-101 Qualified; P-Ch, r DS(on) = 0,065Ohm SMD PPAK1212-8 P-Ch, Tj=175°C Power MOSFET; Low Leakage Current; P-Ch, r DS(on) = 0,06Ohm SMD TO-252 (DPAK) SUD19P06-60L Q-Level AEC Q101 Schottky Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level SS3P6LHE3 NEW Low Profile, Low Vf; High Current Density Vf=0,478V SMD TO-277A (SMPC) AEC Q101 SS5P5HE3 NEW Low Profile, Low Vf; High Current Density Vf=0,560V SMD TO-277A (SMPC) AEC Q101 TVS Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level SM5A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Broad Range of Breakedown Voltages; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=500A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 SM8A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Broad Range of Breakedown Voltages; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=700A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 SM8S24AHE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Broad Range of Breakedown Voltages; Ippm=38,9A, Ifsm=700A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 page 18 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Supply, SMPS Buck Alu Elcaps Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level 146CTI Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); low impedance, high temperature 22…4700µF, Life@125°C = 6000h SMD max 18×18×21 AEC Q200 146RTI Aluminum Capacitors; Radial; low impedance, high temperature 68…6800µF, Life@125°C = 6000h TH / Radial max18x35mm AEC Q200 150CRZ Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); Very Low Z; Pb-Free 4,7…10000µF, Life@105°C 10000h SMD max 18×18×21 AEC Q200 153CRV Aluminum Capacitors; SMD (Chip); Long-Life Vertical, Pb-Free 0,47....1000µF, Life@105°C 3000h SMD max.10×10×14 Ceramic Capacitors Product Name Status VJ....31 VJ....34 Automotive MLCC Description SMD Ceramic Capacitor Solutions High-Reliable NME Process Boardflex-Sensitive Applications Features 1.0pF…1µF 10Vdc ... 3000Vdc Package Q-Level SMD 0402…1812 Current Sense Shunt Resistors Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level WSL1206-18 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R001...R2, 1%, TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 0.5W SMD 1206 AEC Q200 WSL2010-18 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R001...R5, 1%, TCR<= ± 75ppm P70 = 1W SMD 2010 AEC Q200 WSL2512-18 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R0005...R04 , 1%, TCR<= ± 75ppm P70 = 2W SMD 2512 AEC Q200 WSL2816 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very Low R-Value; Very Low TCR; Low Thermal EMF; R01...R1 , 1%, TCR <=± 75ppm P70 = 2W SMD 2816 AEC Q200 WSLP1206 Power Metal Strip Shunts; Very High Power- Small Size; Very Low R Value; Very Low TCR; R001...R05, 1%, TCR<= ± 75ppm P70 = 1W SMD 1206 AEC Q200 WSLT2512 Power Metal Strip Shunts; High Temp. (275°C); Low TCR; low thermal EMF R01...R5, 1%, TCR <= ± 75ppm P70 = 1W SMD 2512 AEC Q200 Inductors Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level IHLP1616BZ-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,1µH…2,2µH, Idc=35A…6A SMD 1616 AEC Q200 IHLP2525AH-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,1µH...4,7µH, Idc=40A...8A SMD 2525 AEC Q200 IHLP2525CZ-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,1µH…10µH, Idc=60A...7A SMD 2525 AEC Q200 IHLP2525EZ-A1 Low Profile; High Current; Shielded; Low DCR; High Saturation; 0,56µH…10µH, Idc=12A…4,5A SMD 2525 AEC Q200 MOSFETs Product Name Si2318CDS Status NEW Description Features Package N-Ch MOSFET 40V (D-S) rDS(on) = 0,042Ohm ID=5.6 SQ2328ES N-Ch MOSFET for 24V Boardnet SMPS, Buck N-Ch, 100-V (DS) MOSFET; SMD rDS(on) = 0,3Ohm TO-236 (SOT-23) SQD50N06-09L N-Channel 60-V (D-S), 175C MOSFET; N-Ch, 60-V (DS) MOSFET;, Q-Level SMD TO-236 (SOT-23) SMD AEC-Q page 19 Product Name Status SUD15N06-90L Description Features Package Logic Level; rDS(on) = 0.009Ohm T0-252 (DPAK) N-Channel 60-V (D-S), 175C MOSFET; Logic Level; N-Ch, 60-V (DS) MOSFET; rDS(on) = 0,009Ohm SMD T0-252 (DPAK) Q-Level Schottky Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level SS3P4LHE3 NEW Low Vf, High Current Density Vf=0,335V SMD TO-277A (SMPC) AEC Q101 SS3P6LHE3 NEW Low Vf, High Current Density Vf=0,478V SMD TO-277A (SMPC) AEC Q101 Tantalum Capacitor Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level TH3 150°C rated, Low ESR; 100% Surge Current Tested, 10V-50VDC; 0,33-100µF; SMD A/B/C/D/E Case AEC Q200 TP3 High Performance Automotive Grade 4V-50VDC ; 0,1µF-470µF SMD A/B/C/D/E Case AEC Q200 page 20 EPS Electric Power Steering : Power Supply, Transient Protection TVS Diodes Product Name Status Description Features Package Q-Level SM5A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=500A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 SM6A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=600A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 SM8A27HE3 High Surge, Low Vf, Low Leakage; High Reliability; Vbr=27V, Ifsm=700A SMD DO-218AB AEC Q101 page 21 page 22