ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements ICP-S Technical Manual ICP-S 1. Overview The ICP-S is an IC protector of surface mounting type developed as an element for the protection of ICs from output short-circuiting damage. The internal resistance of this lightweight, compact overcurrent protection element is low, as long as the steady-state current of the element does not exceed the rated DC or AC current. The ICP-S, however, turns off ICs instantly if the steady-state current reaches or exceeds the breaking current of the ICP-S. 2. External Dimensions (Unit: mm) 4.0±0.1 1.55±0.1 2.0±0.1 0.6 1.0 1.8±0.1 TN direction φ1.15±0.1 2.8±0.2 0.4±0.1 1.75±0.1 3.5±0.05 2.0±0.05 3.5±0.2 5.3±0.2 2.5±0.1 3.2±0.2 0~0.1 +0.1 −0 8.0±0.2 φ1.5 4.0±0.1 0~0.5 3.0±0.1 2.3±0.2 (Mark: TN) 3. Features 1) Instantly breaks currents with a low potential drop. (See 3-1 Potential Drop Comparison) 2) Compact surface-mounting model. (See 2. External Dimensions) 3) Unlike fuses, there is no steady-state current reduction with the rated current applied. No derating is necessary. 4) Minimal breaking point dispersion. (See the graph in 3-2 Breaking Current Dispersion Characteristics) 5) Excellent temperature characteristics (See the graphs in 3-3 Temperature Characteristics) • The fluctuation of the breaking current caused by temperature changes is minimal. • Wide operating temperature range: −55°C to +125°C 6) Excellent vibration resistance. 7) UL-approved product with certification No. 107856. 8) No deterioration or circuit breaking caused by static electricity. Rev.A 1/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 3-1 Potential Drop Comparison (ICP-S VS Fuse) ICP-S1.0 (Rated Current: 1 A) 2.0A 1.8A 1.5A + 1.0A DC 500mV / div NORMAL 10mSEC / div Fuse (Rated Current: 1 A) 4.0A 3.0A 2.0A 1.0A + DC 500mV / div NORMAL 10mSEC / div Rev.A 2/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 3-2 Breaking Current Dispersion Characteristics 1000 Breaking time (mec)c 100 10 typ max min n=5pcs×5lot 1 0.1 0.01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Breaking Current (A) Breaking Time (Reference) Effective Value and Dispersion Data (ICP-S1.0) 1.2 3.0 1.1 2.5 Current applied (A) Breaking current ratio 3-3 Temperature Characteristics 1.0 0.9 0.8 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 0 −50 0.5 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 0 S1.2 S1.0 S0.7 S0.5 25 50 75 100 125 150 Ambient temperature Ta (°C) Ambient temperature Ta (°C) Breaking Current vs. Ambient Temperature Characteristics (ICP-S) Rated Current Derating Curve (ICP-S) Rev.A 175 3/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 4. Selection Flowchart Type of steady-state current? DC Pulse Surge current Inrush current included included Check with the I2t characteristics graph. Does the steady-state current not exceed the rated current of the ICP? No Change the ICP model to satisfy the condition. Yes Is the rated voltage (i.e., the open-circuit voltage when the ICP breaks the current) 50 V or below? Yes Lower the open-circuit voltage. No Is the breaking current (the maximum abnormal current) within a range of 2x to 10x of the ICP's rated current? Yes Change the ICP model to satisfy the condition. No The selection is OK. List of ICP-S Models TYPE Rated current (A) 0.5 ICP-S0.5 0.7 ICP-S0.7 1.0 ICP-S1.0 1.2 ICP-S1.2 Breaking current (A) 1.0 to 5.0 1.4 to 7.0 2.0 to 10.0 2.4 to 12.0 The I2t-t characteristic graph (i.e., the Joule integral sheet) provides necessary data used to check how the life of the ICP-S is influenced by heat cycling or mechanical fatigue caused by repetitive current pulses. Rev.A 4/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 5. Checks with I2t-tCharacteristic Graph If the steady-state current includes a pulse, surge, or inrush-current, use the I2t graph and check that the ICP will not deteriorate regardless of the mode of the current or the ICP will not break the steady-state current while the ICP is in operation. I2t-t Graph I2t-t Graph I2 t (A2 - ms) Breaking current area Deterioration area Safety area Margin area t (s) Breaking current area: The ICP breaks the current in this area. Deterioration area: Although the ICP does not break the current instantaneously, the ICP may break the current as a result of ICP deterioration. Marginal area: The area where the risk of ICP deterioration is low. Basically avoid using this area. Safety area: The ICP will not deteriorate or break the current. Precautions • Even though the Joule integral value of the current wave form designed at your end is within the safety area, it is recommended that you confirm the steady-state current for the safety of the components Refer to the next section, calculate the I2t value, and check the position of the I2t value in the graph. If the value is in the safety area, it is okay to use the selected ICP model. If the value is, however, beyond the safety area, use an ICP model with higher ratings. • Note: The inspection and selection of the ICP according to the Joule integral value is absolutely based on the results of the approximation of the current wave form. Be sure to inspect all the current wave forms of your application, or otherwise the safety of the application will not be fully ensured. • Consider a safety margin with the dispersion of component characteristics taken into calculation when inspecting and selecting the ICP, if it is impossible to check the worst current wave form. Rev.A 5/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 6. I2t Calculation of a Variety of Wave forms If the steady-state current includes a pulse, surge, or inrush current, calculate the I2t of the wave form of the current. The following graphs and formulas show how to calculate a variety of wave forms. 1) Triangular wave form Im 0 2) Rectangular wave form 0 I2t = 1 Im2t 3 t Im I2t = Im2t t 3) Irregular wave form I2 0 4) Charged or discharged wave form I1 I2t = I1I2t + 1 (I1 − I2)2t 3 t • The charged wave form is segmented as shown below. The Joule heat generated during each segmented period is plotted onto a Joule integral sheet. Segments 1 through 4 are treated as irregular wave forms and calculated, while segment 5 is treated as a triangular wave form and calculated. 1 2 3 4 5 Rev.A 6/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 7. ICP-S Test Example 7-1 Example 1 Current mode: DC Model: ICP-S1.0 Wave form: DC 1A 2A 5A Test: The current values of all segmented periods are plotted respectively as shown in attached graph 1. 1 A: The steady-state current is in the safety area where the ICP-S will not deteriorate or break the current. 2 A: The ICP-S will break the steady-state current in the breaking current area in approximately 100 ms. 5 A: The ICP-S will break the steady-state current in the breaking current area in approximately 0.7 ms. 7-2 Example 2 Current mode: A single pulse Model: ICP-S1.0 Wave form: A current of 1.75 A flows for a period of 20 ms. 1.75A 20ms Results: The steady-state current is in the critical area. If the single pulse is repeated intermittently, the ICP-S will deteriorate or break the current in the end. Test: With pulse current: I2t = 1.752×20 = 61 (A2 • ms) at 20ms (See graph 2) Rev.A 7/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 10000 Graph 1 Ta=25°C I2 t (A2 - ms) 1000 100 A :Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) 10 B :Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) C :Effective pulse recommended critical line (with margin) DC 1A DC 0.1 2A DC 5A 1 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Time (msec) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S1.0) 10000 Graph 2 Ta=25°C I2 t (A2 - ms) 1000 100 61 (A2 ms) at 20ms A :Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) 10 B :Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) C :Effective pulse recommended critical line (with margin) 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Time (msec) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S1.0) Rev.A 8/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements Joule Integral Calculation of Irregularly Increasing or Decreasing Current Current mode: Irregular triangular wave form Model: ICP-S1.0 Wave form: 3A Approximation curve for Joule integral calculation Actual wave form 1ms Wave form approximation: The above wave form is approximated by electrically calculating the Joule integral of each segment of the current wave form. In consideration of the heat cycling and mechanical fatigue of the ICP-S, however, a practical Joule integral value is calculated from an approximation curve obtained by connecting the peak of each current wave form. Test: Obtain the approximated value by substituting the values into the formula (triangular wave form I2t = 1/3 • Im2 • t). I2t = 1/3 × 32A × 1ms = 3 (A2 • ms) Plotting test: 10000 Graph 2 Ta=25°C I2 t (A2 - ms) 1000 100 A :Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) 10 B: Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) 3 (A2 ms) at 1ms C: Effective pulse recommended critical line (with margin) 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Time (msec) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S1.0) Test results: The steady-state current does not exceed line C. Therefore, it is considered that the ICP-S will not deteriorate or break the current. Rev.A 9/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements Joule Integral Calculation of Irregularly Increasing or Decreasing Current Current mode: Irregular wave form + triangular wave form Model: ICP-S1.2 10A Wave form: 8A Actual wave form Approximation curve for Joule integral calculation 6A 3.5A 2A 0.06ms 0.1ms 0.35ms 0.25ms 0.55ms Wave form approximation: The above wave form (electric charge wave form) is approximated as an irregular wave form to calculate the Joule integral of the wave form. Test: Accumu- Lapsed Peak Segmented Item current Joule integral period lation time Formula Im t No. Coefficient × Im2 × t A2 • ms) (A) (ms) (A2 • ms) (ms) 2 1 10 0.06 10×8×0.06+1/3×(10−8) ×0.06= 4.88 0.06 4.88 0.1 8×6×0.1+1/3×(8−6)2×0.1= 4.93 0.16 9.81 8 2 8.07 0.51 17.88 6 3 0.35 6×3.5×0.35+1/3×(6−3.5)2×0.35= 1.93 0.76 19.81 3.5 4 0.25 3.5×2×0.25+1/3×(3.5−2)2×0.25= 0.73 1.31 20.54 2 5 0.55 1/3×(2)2×0.55= Plotting test: 100000 Ta=25°C 10000 I2 t (A2 - ms) A : Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) 5 4 1000 3 100 10 2 1 B : Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) 1 C : Effective pulse recommended line (with margin) 0.1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Time (msec) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S1.2) Test results: The steady-state current is between lines B and A. Therefore, it is considered that the ICP-S will deteriorate or break the current due to the repetitive pulses. Rev.A 10/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 8. Application Circuit Example 8-1 Recommended Flow Soldering Conditions (°C) Preheating Soldering Natural cooling 300 260°C Solder temperature 250 230°C 200 Manual soldering conditions Soldering iron temperature: 350°C max. 150 Soldering time: 3 seconds max. 120°C 100 100°C 50 25 2 minutes min. 10 seconds min. 1 minute min. 5 minutes min. 8-2 Recommended Reflow Soldering Conditions Peak temperature (°C) 230 to 260°C, 10sec Max. 250 Reflow heating temperature 1 to 5°C / sec Temperature 200 150 100 Preheating 120 to 160°C, 50 to 120 sec 50 0 Reflow soldering (High-temperature retention time) 200°C, 30 to 60 sec Preheating speed 1 to 5°C / sec Cooling 60sec Min. ∗ Number of reflow times: 2 TIMES Max. A peak temperature of at least 230°C is recommended. If the peak temperature is less than 230°C, it is recommended to make some adjustments, such as the retention of the peak temperature and soldering time longer and an increase in the thickness of solder paste. 1.8 to 2.4 8-3 Recommended Copper Pattern on PCB 1.6 to 2.0 4.0 to 5.0 Rev.A 11/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 9. Application Circuit Examples 9-1 Power Supply Circuit ICP 9-2 DC-DC Converter ICP ICP 9-3 Motor Control VCC ICP M Rev.A 12/13 ICP-S Technical Manual Overcurrent Protection Elements 10. Precautions 1. Set the breaking current two to ten times as high as the rated current. Use the ICP-S so that the open-circuit voltage between the terminals after the ICP-S breaks the current will be a maximum of 50 V. Unless the ICP-S is used under these conditions, the mold may be damaged or internal resistance may remain after the ICP-S breaks the current. 2. Do not use the ICP-S for the primary side of commercial power supply, or otherwise the mold may be damaged by arcing after the ICP-S breaks the current. 10000 10000 Ta=25°C 1000 1000 100 100 I2 t (A2 - ms) I2 t (A2 - ms) Ta=25°C 10 A :Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) 10 A :Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) B: Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) 1 B: Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) 1 C: Effective pulse recommended critical line (with margin) C: Effective pulse recommended critical line (with margin) 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 0.1 10 100 1000 10000 0.01 0.001 100000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Time (msec) Time (msec) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S0.5) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S0.7) 10000 100000 10000 Ta=25°C Ta=25°C 1000 1000 100 100 I2 t (A2 - ms) I2 t (A2 - ms) 0.01 A :Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) 10 B: Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) 1 A :Effective pulse breaking line (with no margin) 10 B: Effective pulse critical line (with no margin) 1 C: Effective pulse recommended critical line (with margin) C: Effective pulse recommended critical line (with margin) 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Time (msec) Time (msec) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S1.0) I2 t-t Characteristic Curve (ICP-S1.2) Rev.A 100000 13/13 Appendix Notes No technical content pages of this document may be reproduced in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission of ROHM CO.,LTD. The contents described herein are subject to change without notice. The specifications for the product described in this document are for reference only. Upon actual use, therefore, please request that specifications to be separately delivered. Application circuit diagrams and circuit constants contained herein are shown as examples of standard use and operation. Please pay careful attention to the peripheral conditions when designing circuits and deciding upon circuit constants in the set. Any data, including, but not limited to application circuit diagrams information, described herein are intended only as illustrations of such devices and not as the specifications for such devices. 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