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FUJITSU SEMICONDUCTOR
CONTROLLER MANUAL
CM71-10133-1E
FR Family
32-BIT MICROCONTROLLER
MB91461
MB91F467R
HARDWARE MANUAL
FR Family
32-BIT MICROCONTROLLER
MB91461
MB91F467R
HARDWARE MANUAL
Be sure to refer to the “Check Sheet” for the latest cautions on development.
“Check Sheet” is seen at the following support page
URL : http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/microelectronics/product/micom/support/index.html
“Check Sheet” lists the minimal requirement items to be checked to prevent problems beforehand in system development.
FUJITSU LIMITED
CONTENTS
■ Objectives and intended reader
MB91461, MB91F467RA, and MB91F467RB are Fujitsu’s general-purpose 32-bit RISC microcontrollers
designed for embedded control applications on consumer devices and other equipment that require highspeed real-time processing. These microcontrollers use FR60, which is compatible with the FR family, as
their CPU.
This series incorporates a built-in LIN-UART and CAN controller.
Low-power consumption implementation by providing shut-down mode as a one of low-power
consumption mode.
Note: FR, the abbreviation of FUJITSU RISC controller, is a line of products of FUJITSU Limited.
■ Trademark
The company names and brand names herein are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
owners.
■ I2C license
Purchase of Fujitsu I2C components conveys a license under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use, these
components in an I2C system provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as
defined by Philips.
■ Organization of this manual
This manual consists of the following 28 chapters and appendix.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
This chapter explains the basic information such as features, block diagram and overview of MB91461/
F467RA/F467RB.
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
This chapter describes precautions on handling FR family devices.
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
This chapter provides basic information on FR family’s architecture, specifications and instructions to
introduce its CPU core functions.
CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
This chapter describes functions and operations of the low-power consumption modes.
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
This chapter provides an overview of the Clock Modulator and its features. (This feature is not provided
on MB91461.)
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
This chapter describes the sub oscillation stabilization wait timer. (This feature is not provided on
MB91461.)
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
This chapter explains the functions of hardware watchdog timer.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
This section explains the control of the built-in flash memory installed in MB91F467RA and
MB91F467RB. There is an explanation concerning the direct map cash that contributes at the instruction
reading speed in the FLASH memory, too.
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
This chapter explains each function of the external bus interface.
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
This chapter describes I/O ports and the configuration and functions of the registers.
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
This chapter describes the overview of the interrupt controller, configuration and functions of the
registers, and interrupt controller operation.
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
This chapter describes the overview of the external interrupt controller, configuration and functions of the
registers and external interrupt controller operation.
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
This chapter describes the memory protection features and embedded debug support features.
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
This chapter describes overview, configurations/functions of registers, and operations of REALOS.
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
This chapter describes the overview of the DMAC, configuration and functions of the registers, and
DMAC operation.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
This chapter describes the functions and operations of the CAN controller.
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
This chapter describes functions and operations of the LIN-compatible LIN-UART.
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
This chapter describes overview, register configuration/function, and operation of the I2C interface.
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
This chapter describes the 16-bit reload timer, the configuration and functions of registers, and 16-bit
reload timer operation.
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
This chapter describes the functions and operation of the 16-bit free-run timer.
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
This chapter describes the functions and operation of the input capture.
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
This chapter describes the functions and operation of the output compare unit.
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
This chapter describes the registers, function, and operation of the PPG.
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
This chapter describes the register structure and functions, and the operation of RTC module for the real
time clock.
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CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
This chapter describes the overview, register configuration and function, and operation of the A/D
converter.
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
This section explains the sub clock calibration unit installed in MB91F467RA and MB91F467RB.
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
This chapter describes the use of the built-in flash memory.
CHAPTER 28 FLASH SECURITY
This section explains the security functions of the built-in flash memory installed in MB91F467RA and
MB91F467RB.
APPENDIX
The appendix describes pin states in each CPU state, notes on using the little-endian areas, a list of FR
family instructions, and notes on using MB91461, MB91F467RA, MB91F467RB.
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•
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The contents of this document are subject to change without notice.
Customers are advised to consult with FUJITSU sales representatives before ordering.
The information, such as descriptions of function and application circuit examples, in this document are presented solely
for the purpose of reference to show examples of operations and uses of FUJITSU semiconductor device; FUJITSU does
not warrant proper operation of the device with respect to use based on such information. When you develop equipment
incorporating the device based on such information, you must assume any responsibility arising out of such use of the
information. FUJITSU assumes no liability for any damages whatsoever arising out of the use of the information.
Any information in this document, including descriptions of function and schematic diagrams, shall not be construed as
license of the use or exercise of any intellectual property right, such as patent right or copyright, or any other right of
FUJITSU or any third party or does FUJITSU warrant non-infringement of any third-party's intellectual property right or
other right by using such information. FUJITSU assumes no liability for any infringement of the intellectual property rights
or other rights of third parties which would result from the use of information contained herein.
The products described in this document are designed, developed and manufactured as contemplated for general use,
including without limitation, ordinary industrial use, general office use, personal use, and household use, but are not
designed, developed and manufactured as contemplated (1) for use accompanying fatal risks or dangers that, unless
extremely high safety is secured, could have a serious effect to the public, and could lead directly to death, personal injury,
severe physical damage or other loss (i.e., nuclear reaction control in nuclear facility, aircraft flight control, air traffic
control, mass transport control, medical life support system, missile launch control in weapon system), or (2) for use
requiring extremely high reliability (i.e., submersible repeater and artificial satellite).
Please note that FUJITSU will not be liable against you and/or any third party for any claims or damages arising in
connection with above-mentioned uses of the products.
Any semiconductor devices have an inherent chance of failure. You must protect against injury, damage or loss from such
failures by incorporating safety design measures into your facility and equipment such as redundancy, fire protection, and
prevention of over-current levels and other abnormal operating conditions.
If any products described in this document represent goods or technologies subject to certain restrictions on export under
the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan, the prior authorization by Japanese government will be required for
export of those products from Japan.
Copyright © 2007 FUJITSU LIMITED All rights reserved
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
CHAPTER 2
2.1
2.2
OVERVIEW ................................................................................................... 1
Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Block Diagram .................................................................................................................................... 5
Package Dimensions .......................................................................................................................... 6
Pin Assignment Diagram .................................................................................................................... 7
Pin Descriptions ................................................................................................................................ 10
I/O Circuit Types ............................................................................................................................... 23
HANDLING DEVICES ................................................................................ 27
Precautions on Handling Devices ..................................................................................................... 28
Precautions for Use .......................................................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER 3
CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK ................................................................... 37
3.1
Memory Space ..................................................................................................................................
3.2
Internal Architecture ..........................................................................................................................
3.2.1
Overview of Instructions ..............................................................................................................
3.3
Instruction Cache (Installed on MB91461) ........................................................................................
3.3.1
Control Register ...........................................................................................................................
3.3.2
Cache State And Various Operating Modes ................................................................................
3.3.3
Setting Up the Instruction Cache before Use ..............................................................................
3.4
Programming Model .........................................................................................................................
3.4.1
General-purpose Registers .........................................................................................................
3.4.2
Dedicated Registers ....................................................................................................................
3.5
Data Structure ...................................................................................................................................
3.6
Memory Map .....................................................................................................................................
3.7
Branch Instructions ...........................................................................................................................
3.7.1
Branch Instructions with a Delay Slot ..........................................................................................
3.7.2
Branch Instructions without a Delay Slot .....................................................................................
3.8
EIT (Exception, Interrupt, and Trap) .................................................................................................
3.8.1
EIT Interrupt Levels .....................................................................................................................
3.8.2
Interrupt Control Register (ICR) ...................................................................................................
3.8.3
System Stack Pointer (SSP) ........................................................................................................
3.8.4
Table Base Register (TBR) .........................................................................................................
3.8.5
Multiple EIT Processing ...............................................................................................................
3.8.6
EIT Operation ..............................................................................................................................
3.9
Operating Modes ..............................................................................................................................
3.9.1
Bus Mode ....................................................................................................................................
3.9.2
Mode Setting ...............................................................................................................................
3.10 Reset (Device Initialization) ..............................................................................................................
3.10.1 Reset Level ..................................................................................................................................
3.10.2 Reset Source ...............................................................................................................................
3.10.3 Reset Sequence ..........................................................................................................................
3.10.4 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time ..............................................................................................
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3.10.5 Reset Operation Modes ............................................................................................................... 96
3.11 Clock Generation Control ................................................................................................................. 97
3.11.1 PLL Control .................................................................................................................................. 98
3.11.2 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time and PLL Lock Wait Time ...................................................... 99
3.11.3 Clock Distribution ....................................................................................................................... 101
3.11.4 Clock Division ............................................................................................................................ 103
3.11.5 Block Diagram of Clock Generation Control Block .................................................................... 104
3.11.6 Registers in the Clock Generation Control Block ...................................................................... 105
3.11.7 Peripheral Circuits in the Clock Control Block ........................................................................... 125
3.12 PLL Interface .................................................................................................................................. 128
3.12.1 Registers for the PLL Interface .................................................................................................. 129
3.12.2 Examples of PLL Multiply Rate Setting ..................................................................................... 136
3.13 Device State Control ....................................................................................................................... 140
3.13.1 Device States and Transitions ................................................................................................... 141
3.14 Interval Timer .................................................................................................................................. 145
CHAPTER 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Overview of Low-Power Consumption Mode ..................................................................................
Sleep Mode .....................................................................................................................................
Stop Mode ......................................................................................................................................
Shut-down Mode .............................................................................................................................
CHAPTER 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER .............................. 177
178
179
180
181
183
186
189
HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER .......................................................... 191
Overview of Hardware Watchdog Timer .........................................................................................
Configuration of Hardware Watchdog Timer ..................................................................................
Hardware Watchdog Timer Register ..............................................................................................
Function of Hardware Watchdog Timer ..........................................................................................
Notes on Using Hardware Watchdog Timer ...................................................................................
CHAPTER 8
8.1
8.2
8.3
CLOCK MODULATOR ............................................................................ 163
Overview of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer .....................................................................
Configuration of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer ...............................................................
Registers of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer .....................................................................
WPCRH: Sub Oscillation Stabilization Timer Control Register ..................................................
Operation of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer ....................................................................
Application Note ..............................................................................................................................
Caution when Using Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer ........................................................
CHAPTER 7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
152
153
155
157
Overview of Clock Modulator .......................................................................................................... 164
Clock Modulator Registers .............................................................................................................. 165
Application Note .............................................................................................................................. 175
CHAPTER 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.4
6.5
6.6
LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE ................................................... 151
192
193
194
196
199
MEMORY CONTROLLER ........................................................................ 201
Overview of Memory Controller. ..................................................................................................... 202
Registers ......................................................................................................................................... 203
Explanations of Registers ............................................................................................................... 204
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8.4
FLASH access timing settings ........................................................................................................ 216
CHAPTER 9
9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.2.5
9.2.6
9.2.7
9.3
9.4
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE ................................................................ 219
Features of External Bus Interface .................................................................................................
External Bus Interface Registers ....................................................................................................
Area Select Register (ASR0 to ASR4) ......................................................................................
Area Configuration Register (ACR0 to ACR4) ...........................................................................
Area Wait Register (AWR0 to AWR4) .......................................................................................
I/O Wait Register for DMAC (IOWR0 to IOWR2) ......................................................................
Chip Select Enable Register (CSER) ........................................................................................
CacHe Enable Register (CHER) ...............................................................................................
Terminal and Timing Control Register (TCR) ............................................................................
Chip Select Area .............................................................................................................................
Endian and Bus Access ..................................................................................................................
Big Endian Bus Access .............................................................................................................
Little Endian Bus Access ...........................................................................................................
Comparison Of External Accesses In Big Endian and Little Endian ..........................................
Normal Bus Interface ......................................................................................................................
Address/Data Multiplex Interface ....................................................................................................
DMA Access ...................................................................................................................................
Procedure for Setting Registers ......................................................................................................
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242
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246
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261
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276
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT .................................................................................................. 277
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
Overview of I/O Ports ......................................................................................................................
Port Input Enable ............................................................................................................................
I/O Port Data Register ....................................................................................................................
Setting of Port Function Register ....................................................................................................
Selection of Pin Input Level ............................................................................................................
Pull-up and Pull-down Control Register ..........................................................................................
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313
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER .................................................................... 317
11.1 Overview of the Interrupt Controller ................................................................................................
11.2 Interrupt Controller Registers ..........................................................................................................
11.2.1 Interrupt Control Register (ICR) .................................................................................................
11.2.2 HRCL (Hold Request Cancellation Request Register) ...............................................................
11.3 Interrupt Controller Operation .........................................................................................................
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325
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER ................................................ 335
12.1 Overview of the External Interrupt Controller...................................................................................
12.2 External Interrupt Controller Registers ............................................................................................
12.2.1 External Interrupt Enable Register (ENIR) .................................................................................
12.2.2 External Interrupt Factor Register (EIRR) ..................................................................................
12.2.3 External Interrupt Request Level Setting Register (ELVR) ........................................................
12.3 Operation of the External Interrupt Controller..................................................................................
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CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU .............................................................................................. 347
13.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................
13.2 Break Functions...............................................................................................................................
13.2.1 Instruction Address Break ..........................................................................................................
13.2.2 Operand Address Break .............................................................................................................
13.2.3 Data Value Break .......................................................................................................................
13.2.4 Using Operand with Data Break ................................................................................................
13.2.5 Memory Protection ....................................................................................................................
13.2.6 Break Factors ............................................................................................................................
13.3 EDSU Registers ..............................................................................................................................
13.3.1 EDSU Control Register (BCTRL) ...............................................................................................
13.3.2 EDSU Status Register (BSTAT) .................................................................................................
13.3.3 EDSU Break Detection Interrupt Request Register (BIRQ)........................................................
13.3.4 EDSU Channel Configuration Register (BCR0 to BCR7) ..........................................................
13.3.5 Break Address/Data Register (BAD0 to BAD31) .......................................................................
13.4 Quick Reference ..............................................................................................................................
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357
358
360
361
364
368
372
374
383
384
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE ........................................................... 387
14.1 Delayed Interrupt Module ...............................................................................................................
14.1.1 Overview of Delayed Interrupt Module ......................................................................................
14.1.2 Delayed Interrupt Module Register ............................................................................................
14.1.3 Operation of the Delayed Interrupt Module ...............................................................................
14.2 Bit Search Module ..........................................................................................................................
14.2.1 Overview of Bit Search Module .................................................................................................
14.2.2 Bit Search Module Registers .....................................................................................................
14.2.3 Operation of the Bit Search Module ..........................................................................................
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392
393
394
396
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER) .................................................................. 399
15.1 Overview of DMAC (DMA Controller) ............................................................................................. 400
15.2 Detailed Explanation of the DMAC (DMA Controller) Registers ..................................................... 403
15.2.1 DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 Control/Status Registers A ................................................. 404
15.2.2 DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 Control/Status Registers B ................................................. 408
15.2.3 DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 Transfer Source/Transfer Destination Address Setting Registers
................................................................................................................................................. 414
15.2.4 DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 DMAC All-Channel Control Register ................................... 416
15.3 Explanation of the DMAC (DMA Controller) Operation ................................................................... 418
15.3.1 Operational Overview of DMAC (DMA Controller) .................................................................... 419
15.3.2 Transfer Request Setting ........................................................................................................... 421
15.3.3 Transfer Sequence .................................................................................................................... 422
15.3.4 DMA Transfer in General ........................................................................................................... 424
15.3.5 Addressing Mode ....................................................................................................................... 426
15.3.6 Data Types ................................................................................................................................ 427
15.3.7 Transfer Number Control ........................................................................................................... 428
15.3.8 CPU Control .............................................................................................................................. 429
15.3.9 Starting Operation ..................................................................................................................... 430
15.3.10 Transfer Request Acceptance and Transfer .............................................................................. 431
15.3.11 Clearing Peripheral Interrupts by DMA ...................................................................................... 432
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15.3.12 Temporary Stop .........................................................................................................................
15.3.13 Operation End/Stop ...................................................................................................................
15.3.14 Error Stop ..................................................................................................................................
15.3.15 DMAC Interrupt Control .............................................................................................................
15.3.16 DMA Transfer during Sleep Mode .............................................................................................
15.3.17 Channel Selection and Control ..................................................................................................
15.4 Operational Flow of DMAC (DMA Controller) .................................................................................
15.5 Data Path of DMAC (DMA Controller) ............................................................................................
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435
436
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438
440
442
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER ................................................................................ 445
16.1 Features of CAN .............................................................................................................................
16.2 CAN Block Diagram ........................................................................................................................
16.3 CAN Registers ................................................................................................................................
16.4 CAN Register Functions .................................................................................................................
16.4.1 General Control Register ...........................................................................................................
16.4.1.1 CAN Control Register (CTRLR)...............................................................................................
16.4.1.2 CAN Status Register (STATR) ................................................................................................
16.4.1.3 CAN Error Counter (ERRCNT) ...............................................................................................
16.4.1.4 CAN Bit Timing Register (BTR) ...............................................................................................
16.4.1.5 CAN Interrupt Register (INTR) ................................................................................................
16.4.1.6 CAN Test Register (TESTR) ..................................................................................................
16.4.1.7 CAN Prescaler Expansion Register (BRPER).........................................................................
16.4.2 Message Interface Register .......................................................................................................
16.4.2.1 IFx Command Request Register (IFxCREQ) .........................................................................
16.4.2.2 IFx Command Mask Register (IFxCMSK) ..............................................................................
16.4.2.3 IFx Mask Registers 1, 2 (IFxMSK1, IFxMSK2)........................................................................
16.4.2.4 IFx Arbitration Registers 1, 2 (IFxARB1, IFxARB2).................................................................
16.4.2.5 IFx Message Control Register (IFxMCTR) .............................................................................
16.4.2.6 IFx Data Registers A1, A2, B1, B2 (IFxDTA1, IFxDTA2, IFxDTB1, IFxDTB2) ........................
16.4.3 Message Object .........................................................................................................................
16.4.4 Message Handler Register ........................................................................................................
16.4.4.1 CAN Transmission Request Register (TREQR1, TREQR2) ..................................................
16.4.4.2 CAN Data Update Register (NEWDT1, NEWDT2) .................................................................
16.4.4.3 CAN Interrupt Pending Register (INTPND1, INTPND2) .........................................................
16.4.4.4 CAN Message Validation Register (MSGVAL1, MSGVAL2) ..................................................
16.4.5 CAN Prescaler Register (CANPRE) ...........................................................................................
16.5 CAN Controller Functions ................................................................................................................
16.5.1 Message Object..........................................................................................................................
16.5.2 Message Transmission Operation ..............................................................................................
16.5.3 Message Reception Operation ...................................................................................................
16.5.4 FIFO Buffer Function .................................................................................................................
16.5.5 Interrupt Function ......................................................................................................................
16.5.6 Bit Timing....................................................................................................................................
16.5.7 Test Mode ..................................................................................................................................
16.5.8 Software Initialization .................................................................................................................
16.5.9 CAN Clock Prescaler .................................................................................................................
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523
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART .................................................................................................. 527
17.1 Overview of LIN-UART ....................................................................................................................
17.2 Configuration of LIN-UART..............................................................................................................
17.3 LIN-UART Registers .......................................................................................................................
17.3.1 Serial Control Register (SCR) ....................................................................................................
17.3.2 Serial Mode Register (SMR) ......................................................................................................
17.3.3 Serial Status Register (SSR) .....................................................................................................
17.3.4 Transmission/Reception Data Registers (RDR/TDR).................................................................
17.3.5 Extended Status/Control Register (ESCR) ................................................................................
17.3.6 Extended Communication Control Register (ECCR) ..................................................................
17.3.7 Baud Rate/Reload Counter Register (BGR) ..............................................................................
17.4 LIN-UART Interrupts .......................................................................................................................
17.4.1 Reception Interrupt Generation and Flag Set Timing .................................................................
17.4.2 Transmission Interrupt Generation and Flag Timing ..................................................................
17.5 LIN-UART Baud Rate Setting ..........................................................................................................
17.5.1 Baud Rate Setting ......................................................................................................................
17.5.2 Restarting Reload Counter .........................................................................................................
17.6 LIN-UART Operations .....................................................................................................................
17.6.1 Operation in Asynchronous Mode (Operation Modes 0 and 1) .................................................
17.6.2 Operation in Synchronous Mode (Operation Mode 2) ...............................................................
17.6.3 Operation with LIN Function (Operation Mode 3) ......................................................................
17.6.4 Direct Access to Serial Pins ......................................................................................................
17.6.5 Bidirectional Communication Function (Normal Mode) .............................................................
17.6.6 Master/Slave Communication Function (Multiprocessor Mode) ................................................
17.6.7 LIN Communication Function ....................................................................................................
17.6.8 Sample Flowchart for LIN-UART in LIN Communication Mode (Operation Mode 3) .................
17.7 Notes on Using LIN-UART ..............................................................................................................
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592
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE ........................................................................................ 595
18.1 I2C Interface Overview ....................................................................................................................
18.2 I2C Interface Register .....................................................................................................................
18.2.1 Bus Status Register (IBSR) .......................................................................................................
18.2.2 Bus Control Register (IBCR) .....................................................................................................
18.2.3 Clock Control Register (ICCR) ..................................................................................................
18.2.4 10-bit Slave Address Register (ITBA) ........................................................................................
18.2.5 10-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ITMK) .............................................................................
18.2.6 7-bit Slave Address Register (ISBA) .........................................................................................
18.2.7 7-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ISMK) ...............................................................................
18.2.8 Data Register (IDAR) .................................................................................................................
18.3 Explanation of I2C Interface Operation ...........................................................................................
18.4 Operation Flowchart .......................................................................................................................
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602
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627
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER............................................................................ 631
19.1 Overview of the 16-bit Reload Timer ..............................................................................................
19.2 16-bit Reload Timer Registers ........................................................................................................
19.2.1 Control Status Register (TMCSR) .............................................................................................
19.2.2 16-bit Timer Register (TMR) ......................................................................................................
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633
634
639
19.2.3 16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR) ................................................................................................ 640
19.3 16-bit Reload Timer Operation ....................................................................................................... 641
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER ........................................................................ 645
20.1 Overview of 16-bit Free-run Timer ..................................................................................................
20.2 16-bit Free-run Timer Registers ......................................................................................................
20.2.1 Timer Data Register (TCDT) .....................................................................................................
20.2.2 Timer Control Status Register (TCCS) ......................................................................................
20.3 16-bit Free-run Timer Operation .....................................................................................................
20.4 Notes on Using the 16-bit Free-run Timer ......................................................................................
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649
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654
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE...................................................................................... 655
21.1 Overview of the Input Capture ........................................................................................................
21.2 Input Capture Registers ..................................................................................................................
21.2.1 Input Capture Register (IPCP0 to IPCP3) .................................................................................
21.2.2 Input Capture Control Register (ICS01,ICS23) .........................................................................
21.3 Input Capture Operation .................................................................................................................
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661
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT ....................................................................... 663
22.1 Overview of the Output Compare Unit ............................................................................................
22.2 Output Compare Unit Registers ......................................................................................................
22.2.1 Compare Register (OCCP0 to OCCP3) .....................................................................................
22.2.2 Control Register (OCS01,OCS23) .............................................................................................
22.3 Output Compare Unit Operation .....................................................................................................
664
665
666
667
670
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR) .................................. 675
23.1 Overview of PPG ............................................................................................................................
23.2 PPG Registers ................................................................................................................................
23.2.1 Control Status Registers (PCNH, PCNL) ..................................................................................
23.2.2 PPG Cycle Setting Register (PCSR) .........................................................................................
23.2.3 PPG Duty Setting Register (PDUT) ...........................................................................................
23.2.4 PPG Timer Register (PTMR) .....................................................................................................
23.2.5 General Control Register 10 (GCN10) ......................................................................................
23.2.6 General Control Register 11 (GCN11) ......................................................................................
23.2.7 General Control Register 2 (GCN20,GCN21) ...........................................................................
23.3 PPG Operation ...............................................................................................................................
23.3.1 PWM Operation .........................................................................................................................
23.3.2 One-Shot Operation ...................................................................................................................
23.3.3 Interrupts ...................................................................................................................................
23.3.4 All "L" and All "H" PPG Outputs .................................................................................................
23.3.5 Activation of Multiple Channels .................................................................................................
676
679
682
686
687
688
689
692
695
696
697
699
701
702
703
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK ................................................................................. 705
24.1
24.2
24.3
Register Configuration of Real Time Clock ..................................................................................... 706
Block Diagram of Real Time Clock ................................................................................................. 708
Register Details of Real Time Clock ............................................................................................... 709
xi
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER .................................................................................... 715
25.1 Overview of A/D Converter .............................................................................................................
25.2 Block Diagram of A/D Converter .....................................................................................................
25.3 Registers of A/D Converter .............................................................................................................
25.3.1 Analog Input Enable Register (ADER) ......................................................................................
25.3.2 A/D Control Status Register (ADCS) .........................................................................................
25.3.3 Data Register (ADCR1, ADCR0) ...............................................................................................
25.3.4 Conversion Time Setting Register (ADCT) ................................................................................
25.3.5 Start Channel Setting Register (ADSCH) End Channel Setting Register (ADECH) ..................
25.4 Operation of A/D Converter ............................................................................................................
716
717
718
720
721
726
727
729
731
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT .......................................................... 733
26.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................................
26.2 Clock................................................................................................................................................
26.3 Explanation of the Registers............................................................................................................
26.3.1 Calibration Unit Control Register (CUCR) ..................................................................................
26.3.2 32 kHz/100 kHz Timer Data Register (16-bit) (CUTD) ...............................................................
26.3.3 4MHz Timer Data Register (24bit) (CUTR) ................................................................................
26.4 Notes on Using Sub Clock Calibration Unit ....................................................................................
734
737
738
740
742
744
745
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY ...................................................................................... 747
27.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................................
27.2 Access Modes .................................................................................................................................
27.2.1 Access from the FR-CPU ...........................................................................................................
27.2.2 Flash Memory Mode ..................................................................................................................
27.3 Auto Program Algorithm .................................................................................................................
27.3.1 Commands of Auto Program Algorithm ......................................................................................
27.3.2 Hardware Sequence Flag ...........................................................................................................
27.3.3 Flash Control Register (FLCR) ...................................................................................................
27.3.4 Examples of Using Hardware Sequence Flag ............................................................................
27.4 Notes on Using Flash Memory ........................................................................................................
748
755
756
758
759
760
763
765
768
770
CHAPTER 28 FLASH SECURITY.................................................................................... 773
28.1
28.2
28.3
Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 774
Flash Security Vectors..................................................................................................................... 775
Flash Security Control Registers ..................................................................................................... 779
APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................... 785
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
I/O Map ..............................................................................................................................
Interrupt Vector ..................................................................................................................
DMA Transfer Request Source .........................................................................................
Pin State at Serial Programming Mode .............................................................................
786
827
839
840
INDEX................................................................................................................................... 845
xii
Main changes in this edition
Page
-
Changes (For details, refer to main body.)
First edition
xiii
xiv
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW
This chapter explains the basic information such as
features, block diagram and overview of MB91461/
F467RA/F467RB.
1.1 Overview
1.2 Block Diagram
1.3 Package Dimensions
1.4 Pin Assignment Diagram
1.5 Pin Descriptions
1.6 I/O Circuit Types
1
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
1.1
Overview
MB91461/MB91461RA/MB91461RB are Fujitsu’s general-purpose 32-bit RISC
microcontroller, which is designed for embedded control applications that require highspeed real-time processing of consumer appliances. This microcontroller uses FR60 as
its CPU, compatible with other products in the FR family.
MB91461/MB91461RA/MB91461RB incorporate a built-in LIN-UART and CAN controller.
■ Features
● FR60 CPU
• 32-bit RISC, load/store architecture, 5-stage pipeline
• Maximum operation frequency: 80 MHz (Source oscillation 20 MHz/4 MHz, multiply by 4/20 (PLL
clock multiplication method))
• 16-bit fixed length instructions (basic instructions)
• Instruction execution speed: One instruction per cycle
• Memory-to-memory transfer instructions, bit processing instructions, barrel shift instructions, etc.:
Instructions adapted for embedded applications
• Function entry/exit instructions, multiple-register load/store instructions:
Instructions supporting C language
• Register interlock function: Easier assembler coding enabled
• Built-in multiplier supported at the instruction level
1. Signed 32-bit multiplication: 5 cycles
2. Signed 16-bit multiplication: 3 cycles
• Interrupt (PC/PS save): 6 cycles (16 levels)
• Harvard architecture allowing program access and data access to be executed simultaneously.
• Instruction compatibility with the FR family
● Built-in Peripheral Functions
• Built-in ROM capacity
MB91461: Instruction cache 4 Kbytes
F-bus RAM (Used as both instruction and data RAM) 64 Kbytes
MB91F467RA/MB91F467RB:
Direct map cache (Cache for Flash) 8 Kbytes
D-bus RAM (data RAM) 48 Kbytes
F-bus RAM (Used as both instruction and data RAM) 16 Kbytes
• General-purpose ports: up to 138 ports (MB91F467RA/MB91F467RB), 72 ports (MB91461)
• DMAC (DMA Controller)
Capable of simultaneous operation of up to 5 channels (one channel for external-to-external operation)
Three transfer sources (external pins, internal peripheral, software)
Activation sources are selectable by software.
Addressing using 32-bit full addressing mode (increment, decrement, fixed)
Transfer modes (demand transfer, burst transfer, step transfer, block transfer)
Supporting flyby transfers (between external I/O and memories)
Selectable transfer data size: 8, 16, or 32-bit
Multi-byte transfer enabled (by software)
2
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
DMAC descriptor in I/O areas ("200H" to "240H", "1000H" to "1024H")
• A/D converter (sequential comparison type)
10-bit resolution: 13 channels (MB91461)
16 channels (MB91F467RA/MB91F467RB)
Conversion time: 1 µs (when peripheral macro operation clock is operated at 16.67 MHz): MB91461
3 µs (when peripheral macro operation clock is operated at 16.67 MHz): MB91F467RA, RB
• External interrupt input: 16 channels
Shared with the RX pins of CAN0 and CAN1
• Bit search module (for REALOS)
Search function to locate the position of the first bit that changes from "1" to "0" in one word, from the
MSB (high-order bit)
• LIN-UART (full duplex double buffer type): 7 channels
Synchronous/asynchronous clock operations selectable
Sync-break detection
Dedicated built-in baud-rate generator
• I2C bus interface (supporting 400 kbps): 3 channels
3ch master/slave sending and receiving
Arbitration and clock synchronization
• CAN controller (C-CAN): 2 channels
Transfer speed: up to 1 Mbps
32 send/receive message buffer (MB91461)
32 send/receive message buffer, 64 send/receive message buffer (MB91F467RA/MB91F467RB)
• 16-bit PPG timer: 8 channels
• 16-bit reload timer: 5 channels
• 16-bit free-run timer: 4 channels (one channel each for ICU and OCU)
• Input capture: 4 channels (linked to the free-run timer)
• Output compare: 4 channels (linked to the free-run timer)
• Watchdog timer
Watchdog reset output pins available
• Real time clock
• Power saving modes: sleep mode, stop mode, shutdown mode
● Package: LQFP-176 (FPT-176P-M07)
● CMOS 0.18µm technology
● Power supply voltage: 3.3V/5V
(Internal logic by a step-down circuit: 1.8V, partially 5.0V pressure-resistant)
● Operating temperatures: −40°C to +85°C
(*) MB91F467RB is an upgraded version of MB91F467RA with improved direct map cache and fixed
input threshold. Hereinafter, MB91F467RA and MB91F467RB will be collectively called MB91F467R
in this manual.
3
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
■ Product Lineup
Table 1.1-1 shows the MB91461/F467R product lineup. Built-in peripheral functions which are not listed
are common functions.
Table 1.1-1 Configuration List for MB91461 and MB91F467RA/RB
Item
MB91461
ROM/Flash capacity
⎯
⎯
1088 Kbytes
⎯
Instruction cache
4 Kbytes
⎯
⎯
⎯
Direct Map Cache
⎯
⎯
8 Kbytes*
⎯
D-bus RAM capacity
(for data only)
⎯
⎯
16 Kbytes(0wait)
32 Kbytes(1wait)
⎯
F-bus RAM capacity
(for both instruction and data)
64 Kbytes
⎯
16 Kbytes
⎯
External interrupt
16ch
INT0 to INT15
16ch
INT0 to INT15
DMAC
5ch
ch.0 to ch.4
5ch
ch.0 to ch.4
A/D Converter
13ch
ch.0 to ch.12
16ch
ch.0 to ch.15
LIN-UART
7ch
ch.0 to ch.6
7ch
ch.0 to ch.6
I2C
3ch
ch.0 to ch.2
3ch
ch.0 to ch.2
CAN
2ch(32msg)
ch.0,ch.1
2ch (64msg
+32msg)
ch.0(32msg)
ch.1(64msg)
16-bit Programmable Pulse Generator
8ch
ch.0 to ch.7
8ch
ch.0 to ch.7
16-bit Reload Timer
5ch
ch.0 to
ch.3,ch.7
5ch
ch.0 to
ch.3,ch.7
16-bit Free-run Timer
4ch
ch.0 to ch.3
4ch
ch.0 to ch.3
Input Capture Unit
4ch
ch.0 to ch.3
4ch
ch.0 to ch.3
Output Compare Unit
4ch
ch.0 to ch.3
4ch
ch.0 to ch.3
Real Time Clock
Yes
⎯
Yes
⎯
32 kHz Sub clock
⎯
⎯
Selectable
External bus
Address 24-bit
Data 16-bit
⎯
Address 24-bit
Data 16-bit
⎯
Others
ROM less device
⎯
Flash device
⎯
Debug Support Unit
DSU4
⎯
⎯
⎯
*: MB91F467RA has the limitation in use.
4
Installed channel
MB91F467RA/RB
Installed channel
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 1.2-1 shows the block diagram of the MB91461/F467R.
■ Block Diagram
Figure 1.2-1 Block Diagram of the MB91461/F467R
TRSTX
BREAK
ICS0 to ICS2
ICD0 to ICD3
DSU
FR60 CPU Core
(Debug Support)
Bit Search
I-Cache
CAN
(2ch)
I-bus
32
D-bus
32
32 to 16
Bus Adapter
Direct Map
Cashe
FLASH
RAM
RX0, RX1
TX0, TX1
Bus
Converter
SYSCLK
ASX
RDX
WR0X
WR1X
Ext.bus-IF
BRQ
BGRNTX
CS0X to CS4X
A23 to A00
D31 to D16
DREQ0
DACK0X
DEOP0
IOWRX
IORDX
DMAC (5ch)
R-bus
16
Interrupt
Controller
MB91461
Clock Control
MB91F467R
External
Interrupt 16ch
TRG0 to TRG3
PPG0 to PPG7
PPG
(8ch)
TIN0 to TIN3
TOT0 to TOT3
Reload
Timer (5ch)
FRCK0 to FRCK3
ICU0 to ICU3
Free-run
Timer (4ch)
PORT
interface
NMIX
INT0 to INT15
PORT
LIN-UART(7ch)
(including BRG)
SIN0 to SIN6
SOT0 to SOT6
SCK0 to SCK6
I2C
(3ch)
SDA0 to SDA2
SCL0 to SCL2
Input
Capture (4ch)
RTC
OCU0 to OCU3
*1: 16ch (MB91F467R)
*2: AN0 to AN15 (MB91F467R)
Output
Compare (4ch)
A/D Converter
(13ch)*1
AN0 to AN12*2
ATGX
5
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
1.3
Package Dimensions
Figure 1.3-1 shows the package dimensions of MB91461/F467R.
Figure 1.3-1 Package Dimensions of MB91461/F467R
120-pin plastic LQFP
Lead pitch
0.50 mm
Package width ×
package length
24.0 × 24.0 mm
Lead shape
Gullwing
Sealing method
Plastic mold
M ounting height
1.70 mm MAX
Code
(Reference)
P-LQFP-0176-24×24-0.50
(FPT-176P-M07)
120-pin plastic LQFP
(FPT-176P-M07)
Note 1) * : These dimensions do not include resin protrusion.
Resin protrusion is +0.25(.010) MAX(each side).
Note 2) Pins width and pins thickness include plating thickness.
Note 3) Pins width do not include tie bar cutting remainder.
26.00±0.20(1.024±.008)SQ
*24.00±0.10(.945±.004)SQ
0.145±0.055
(.006±.002)
132
89
133
88
0.08(.003)
Details of "A" part
+0.20
1.50 –0.10
+.008
(Mounting height)
.059 –.004
0˚~8˚
0.10±0.10
(.004±.004)
(Stand off)
INDEX
176
45
"A"
LEAD No.
1
44
0.50(.020)
C
0.22±0.05
(.009±.002)
0.08(.003)
0.25(.010)
M
2004 FUJITSU LIMITED F176013S-c-1-1
Please confirm the latest Package dimension by following URL.
http://edevice.fujitsu.com/fj/DATASHEET/ef-ovpklv.html
6
0.50±0.20
(.020±.008)
0.60±0.15
(.024±.006)
Dimensions in mm (inches).
Note: The values in parentheses are ref erence values.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
1.4
Pin Assignment Diagram
Figure 1.4-1 shows the pin assignment diagram of the MB91461/F467R.
■ Pin Assignment Diagram of the MB91461
Figure 1.4-1 shows the pin assignment diagram of the MB91461.
176
175
174
173
172
171
170
169
168
167
166
165
164
163
162
161
160
159
158
157
156
155
154
153
152
151
150
149
148
147
146
145
144
143
142
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
VCC5
P17_3 PPG3
P17_2/ PPG2
P17_1/ PPG1
P17_0/ PPG0
P14_3/ ICU3/TTN3/TRG3
P14_2/ ICU2/TIN2/TRG2
P14_1/ ICU1/TIN1/TRG1
P14_0/ ICU0/TIN0/TRG0
P22_3
P22_2/ INT13
P22_0/ INT12
P23_6/ INT11
P23_4/ INT10
VCC5
VSS
P15_3/ OCU3/TOT3
P15_2/ OCU2/TOT2
P15_1/ OCU1/TOT1
P15_0/ OCU0/TOT0
P18_2/ SCK6
P18_1/ SOT6
P18_0/ SIN6
P19_6/ SCK5
P19_5/ SOT5
P19_4/ SIN5
P19_2/ SCK4
P19_1/ SOT4
P19_0/ SIN4
VCC5
VSS
P20_6/ SCK3/FRCK3
P20_5/ SOT3
P20_4/ SIN3
P20_2/ SCK2/FRCK2
P20_1/ SOT2
P20_0/ SIN2
P21_6/ SCK1/FRCK1
P21_5/ SOT1
P21_4/ SIN1
P21_2/ SCK0/FRCK0
P21_1/ SOT0
P21_0/ SIN0
VCC5
Figure 1.4-1 Pin Assignment Diagram of the MB91461
VSS
INT2 / P24_2
lNT3 / P24_3
SDA1/lNT15 / P22_6
SCL1 /P22_7
SDA2/INT4 / P24_4
SCL2/lNT5 / P24_5
DREQ0
DACK0X
DEOP0
VCC3
VCC3
VSS
C_1
CS4X
CS3X
CS2X
CS1X
CS0X
IORDX
IOWRX
RDY
BRQ
BGRNTX
RDX
WR0X
WR1X
SYSCLK
ASX
VCC3
C_2
VSS
X0
X1
VSS
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23
VCC3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
1
2
3
TOP View
MB91461 Pin Assignment
(LQFP-176)
2 power supply products
132
131
130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
VSS
INITX
TRSTX
MD0
MD1
MD2
MD3
P23_3 / TX1
P23_2 / RX1/INT9
P23_1 / TX0
P23_0 / RX0/lNT8
P24_7 / INT7
P24_6 / INT6
p22_5 / SCL0
P22_4 / SDA0/INT14
P24_1 / lNT1
P24_0 / INT0
AVRH
AVCC3
AVSS/AVRL
P28_4 / AN12
P28_3 / AN11
P28_2 / AN10
P28_1 / AN9
P28_0 / AN8
P29_7 / AN7
P29_6 / AN6
P29_5 / AN5
P29_4 / AN4
P29_3 / AN3
P29_2 / AN2
P29_1 / AN1
P29_0 / AN0
WDRESETX
BREAK
ICLK
ICS2
ICS1
lCS0
ICD3
lCD2
lCD1
lCD0
VCC3
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
VSS
P17_7 / PPG7
P17_6 / PPG6
P17_5 / PPG5
P17_4 / PPG4
P16_7 / ATGX
NMIX
A23
A22
A21
A20
A19
A18
A17
VSS
VCC3
A16
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A09
A08
A07
A06
A05
A04
A03
VSS
VCC3
A02
A01
A00
D31
D30
D29
D28
D27
D26
D25
D24
VSS
7
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Note:
Three I/O blocks (Blocks 1, 2 & 3) are each 176 pins, 162 pins, 133 pins (147 pins), and power
supply level (3.3V/5V) to each pin can be set. However, please supply 5V power supply when there
is a pin that operates as much as one each block by 5V.
Only when the pin for I2C of Block 1 supplies 5V to the power supply, the input of 5V amplitude
becomes possible. Moreover, the input threshold of I2C reaches the value based on 3.3V regardless
of the power-supply voltage.
When I/O Block 1 or 3 is used with 5V pins, the INITX pin requires 5V input. Consequently, I/O Block
3 also requires 5V to be supplied.
8
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
■ Pin Assignment Diagram of the MB91F467R
Figure 1.4-2 shows the pin assignment diagram of the MB91F467R.
176
175
174
173
172
171
170
169
168
167
166
165
164
163
162
161
160
159
158
157
156
155
154
153
152
151
150
149
148
147
146
145
144
143
142
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
VCC5
P17_3/PPG3
P17_2/ PPG2
P17_1/ PPG1
P17_0/ PPG0
P14_3/ ICU3/TIN3/TRG3
P14_2/ ICU2/TIN2/TRG2
P14_1/ ICU1/TIN1/TRG1
P14_0/ ICU0/TIN0/TRG0
P22_3
P22_2/ INT13
P22_0/ INT12
P23_6/ INT11
P23_4/ INT10
VCC5
VSS
P15_3 / OCU3/TOT3
P15_2 / OCU2/TOT2
P15_1 / OCU1/TOT1
P15_0 / OCU0/TOT0
P18_2 / SCK6
P18_1 / SOT6
P18_0 / SIN6
P19_6 / SCK5
P19_5 / SOT5
P19_4 / SIN5
P19_2 / SCK4
P19_1 / SOT4
P19_0 / SIN4
VCC5
VSS
P20_6/SCK3/FRCK3
P20_5/SOT3
P20_4/SIN3
P20_2/SCK2/FRCK2
P20_1/SOT2
P20_0/SIN2
P21_6/SCK1/FRCK1
P21_5/SOT1
P21_4/SIN1
P21_2/SCK0/FRCK0
P21_1/SOT0
P21_0/SIN0
VCC5
Figure 1.4-2 Pin Assignment Diagram of the MB91F467R
VSS
P24_2
P24_3
P22_6
P22_7
P24_4
P24_5
P13_0
P13_1
P13_2
VCC3
VCC3
VSS
C_1
CS4X/ P09_4
CS3X/ P09_3
CS2X/ P09_2
CS1X/ P09_1
CS0X/ P09_0
IORDX/ P11_0
IOWRX/ P11_1
RDY/ P08_7
BRQ / P08_6
BGRNTX/ P08_5
RDX / P08_4
WR1X/ P08_1
WR0X/ P08_0
NMIX
MCLKE/ P10_6
MCLKI/ P10_5
MCLKO/ P10_4
WEX/ P10_3
BAAX / P10_2
ASX / P10_1
SYSCLK/ P10_0
VCC3
C_2
VSS
X0
X1
VSS
X0A
X1A
VCC3
INT2 /
INT3 /
SDA1/INT15/
SCL1 /
SDA2/INT4 /
SCL2/INT5 /
DREQ0/
DACK0X/
DEOP0/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
TOP View
MB91F467R Pin Assignment
(LQFP-176)
2 power supply products
(4)
(4)
: The I/O voltage level is 3.3V.
(5)
: The I/O voltage level depends on the voltage
for the corresponding VCC5.
(4)
(4)
132
131
130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
VSS
INITX
MD0
MD1
MD2
MD3
P23_3 / TX1
P23_2 / RX1/INT9
P23_1 / TX0
P23_0 / RX0/INT8
P24_7 / INT7
P24_6 / INT6
P24_1 / INT1
P24_0 / INT0
P22_5 / SCL0
P22_4 / SDA0/INT14
AVRH
AVCC3
AVSS/AVRL
P28_7 / AN15
P28_6 / AN14
P28_5 / AN13
P28_4 / AN12
P28_3 / AN11
P28_2 / AN10
P28_1 / AN9
P28_0 / AN8
P29_7 / AN7
P29_6 / AN6
P29_5 / AN5
P29_4 / AN4
P29_3 / AN3
P29_2 / AN2
P29_1 AN1
P29_0 / AN0
WDRESETX
P17_7 / PPG7
P17_6 / PPG6
P17_5 / PPG5
P17_4 / PPG4
P16_7 / ATGX
P05_7 / A23
P05_6 / A22
VCC3
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
VSS
P05_5 /A21
P05_4 /A20
P05_3 /A19
P05_2 /A18
P05_1 /A17
P05_0 /A16
P06_7 /A15
P06_6 /A14
P06_5 /A13
P06_4 /A12
P06_3 /A11
P06_2 /A10
P06_1 /A09
VSS
VCC3
P06_0 / A08
P07_7 / A07
P07_6 / A06
P07_5 / A05
P07_4 / A04
P07_3 / A03
P07_2 / A02
P07_1 / A01
P07_0 / A00
P00_7 / D31
P00_6 / D30
P00_5 / D29
P00_4 / D28
P00_3 / D27
VSS
VCC3
P00_2 / D26
P00_1 / D25
P00_0 / D24
P01_7 / D23
P01_6 / D22
P01_5 / D21
P01_4 / D20
P01_3 / D19
P01_2 / D18
P01_1 / D17
P01_0 / D16
VSS
Note:
Three I/O blocks (Blocks 1, 2 & 3) are each 176 pins, 162 pins, 133 pins (147 pins), and power
supply level (3.3V/5V) to each pin can be set. However, please supply 5V power supply when there
is a pin that operates as much as one each block by 5V.
Only when the pin for I2C of Block 1 supplies 5V to the power supply, the input of 5V amplitude
becomes possible. Moreover, the input threshold of I2C reaches the value based on 3.3V regardless
of the power-supply voltage.
When I/O Block 1 or 3 is used with 5V pins, the INITX pin requires 5V input. Consequently, I/O Block
3 also requires 5V to be supplied.
9
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
1.5
Pin Descriptions
Table 1.5-1 shows the pin descriptions of the MB91461/F467R.
■ Pin Descriptions
Table 1.5-1 MB91461/F467R Pin Descriptions (1 / 5)
Pin no.
2
3
Pin name
P24_2
INT2
P24_3
INT3
I/O
I/O circuit type
I/O
D
I/O
D
P22_6
4
SDA1
P22_7
SCL1
C
SDA2
I/O
Open Drain
C
C
External interrupt input pin
I2C bus DATA I/O pin
General purpose I/O port
I2C bus Clock I/O pin
I2C bus DATA I/O pin
External interrupt input pin
P24_5
SCL2
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
INT4
7
External interrupt input pin
External interrupt input pin
P24_4
6
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
INT15
5
Function
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
C
INT5
I2C bus Clock I/O pin
External interrupt input pin
8
DREQ0
I
H
DMA external transfer request input
9
DACK0X
O
H
DMA external transfer acknowledge output
10
DEOP0
O
H
DMA external transfer EOP (End of Process) output
15 to 19
CS4X to CS0X
O
H
Chip select outputs
20
IORDX
O
H
Read strobe output for DMA flyby transfer
21
IOWRX
O
H
Write strobe output for DMA flyby transfer
22
RDY
I
H
External ready input
23
BRQ
I
H
External bus release request input
24
BGRNTX
O
H
External bus release acceptance output
25
RDX
O
H
External read strobe output
26
WR0X
O
H
External write strobe output
27
WR1X
O
H
External write strobe output
10
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-1 MB91461/F467R Pin Descriptions (2 / 5)
Pin no.
Pin name
I/O
I/O circuit type
28
SYSCLK
O
H
System clock output
29
ASX
O
H
Address strobe output
33
X0
−
H
Clock (oscillation) input
34
X1
−
H
Clock (oscillation) output
36 to 43
46 to 53
D16 to D31
I/O
H
External data bus signals
54 to 56
59 to 72
75 to 81
A00 to A23
O
H
External address bus signals
82
NMIX
I
H
NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt) input
H
General purpose I/O port
H
A/D converter external trigger input
H
General purpose I/O port
H
PPG timer output pins
83
84 to 87
P16_7
ATGX
P17_4 to P17_7
PPG4 to PPG7
I/O
I/O
Function
90 to 93
ICD0 to ICD3
I/O
H
Data I/O pins for a development tool
94 to 96
ICS0 to ICS2
O
H
Status output pins for a development tool
97
ICLK
O
I
Clock output pin for a development tool
98
BREAK
I
H
Break input pin for a development tool
99
WDRESETX
O
J
Watchdog reset output pin
I/O
F
I/O
F
100 to 107
108 to 112
P29_0 to P29_7
AN0 to AN7
P28_0 to P28_4
AN8 to AN12
P24_0, P24_1
116, 117
INT0, INT1
SDA0
I/O
D
P22_5
SCL0
C
INT6
Analog input pins for the A/D converter
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
I2C bus DATA I/O pin
External interrupt input pin
I/O
Open Drain
C
P24_6
120
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
INT14
119
Analog input pins for the A/D converter
General purpose I/O port
P22_4
118
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I2C bus clock I/O pin
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
11
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-1 MB91461/F467R Pin Descriptions (3 / 5)
Pin no.
Pin name
I/O
I/O circuit type
P24_7
121
INT7
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
P23_0
122
RX0
P23_1
TX0
I/O
D
RX1
I/O
D
P23_3
TX1
TX output pin for CAN0
I/O
D
RX input pin for CAN1
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
TX output pin for CAN0
126
MD3
I
A
127
MD2
I
A
128
MD1
I
A
129
MD0
I
B
130
TRSTX
I
E
Reset input pin for a development tool
131
INITX
I
B
External reset input
I/O
D
I/O
D
134
135
P21_0
SIN0
P21_1
SOT0
P21_2
136
SCK0
137
138
P21_4
SIN1
P21_5
SOT1
Mode setup pin
MD3 is fixed to "0"
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART0
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART0
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
FRCK0
12
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
INT9
125
RX input pin for CAN0
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
P23_2
124
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
General purpose I/O port
INT8
123
Function
Clock I/O pin for UART0
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 0
I/O
D
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART1
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART1
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-1 MB91461/F467R Pin Descriptions (4 / 5)
Pin no.
Pin name
I/O
I/O circuit type
P21_6
139
SCK1
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
FRCK1
140
141
P20_0
SIN2
P20_1
SOT2
SCK2
I/O
D
I/O
D
144
P20_4
SIN3
P20_5
SOT3
I/O
D
SCK3
I/O
D
I/O
D
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
P19_0
SIN4
P19_1
SOT4
P19_2
SCK4
P19_4
SIN5
P19_5
SOT5
P19_6
SCK5
P18_0
SIN6
P18_1
SOT6
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART2
Clock I/O pin for UART2
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART3
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART3
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
FRCK3
148
Data input pin for UART2
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 2
P20_6
145
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
FRCK2
143
Clock I/O pin for UART1
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 1
P20_2
142
Function
Clock I/O pin for UART3
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 3
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART4
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART4
General purpose I/O port
Clock I/O pin for UART4
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART5
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART5
General purpose I/O port
Clock I/O pin for UART5
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART6
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART6
13
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-1 MB91461/F467R Pin Descriptions (5 / 5)
Pin no.
156
Pin name
P18_2
SCK6
I/O
I/O circuit type
I/O
D
P15_0 to P15_3
157 to 160
OCU0 to OCU3
164
165
166
167
P23_4
INT10
P23_6
INT11
P22_0
INT12
P22_2
INT13
P22_3
I/O
D
ICU0 to ICU3
TIN0 to TIN3
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
14
P17_0 to P17_3
PPG0 to PPG3
Output compare output pins
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
TRG0 to TRG3
172 to 175
Clock I/O pin for UART6
Reload timer output pins
P14_0 to P14_3
168 to 171
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
TOT0 to TOT3
163
Function
Input capture input pins
External trigger input pin for the reload timers
External trigger input pins for PPG
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
PPG timer output pins
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-2 MB91461 Pin Descriptions [Power Supply and GND Pins]
Pin no.
Pin name
I/O circuit type
Function
1, 13, 32, 35
45, 58, 74, 88
132, 146, 161
VSS
(VSS)
11, 12, 30, 44
57, 73, 89
VCC3
(VCC3)
3.3V power supply pins
GND pins
133
147
VCC5
(VCC5)
5V power supply pins, used as I/O power supply pins supporting pins
116 to 145. When 3.3V is supplied, I/O performs 3.3V operations.
When 5V is used in another I/O power supply block, the I/O block
which this pin belongs to must also be set to 5V.
162
VCC5
(VCC5)
5V power supply pins, used as I/O power supply pins supporting pins
148 to 160. When 3.3V is supplied, I/O performs 3.3V operations.
176
VCC5
(VCC5)
5V power supply pins, used as I/O power supply pins supporting pins 2
to 7 and 163 to 175. If there is at least one 5V pin, 5V must be supplied.
113
AVSS/AVRL
(AVSS)
Analog GND pin for the A/D converter
114
AVCC3
(AVCC3)
3.3V power supply pin for the A/D converter
115
AVRH
(AVRH)
Reference power supply pin for the A/D converter
14
C_1
−
Capacitor connection pin for the internal regulator. 4.7 µF must be
connected.
31
C_2
−
Capacitor connection pin for the internal regulator. 4.7 µF must be
connected.
15
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
■ MB91F467R Pin Descriptions
Table 1.5-3 shows the pin descriptions of the MB91F467R.
Table 1.5-3 MB91467R Pin Descriptions (1 / 6)
Pin no.
2
3
Pin name
P24_2
INT2
P24_3
INT3
I/O
I/O circuit type
I/O
D
I/O
D
P22_6
4
SDA1
P22_7
SCL1
C
SDA2
I/O
Open Drain
C
C
9
10
15 to 19
20
21
22
23
16
P13_0
DREQ0
P13_1
DACK0
P13_2
DEOP0
P09_4 to P09_0
CS4X to CS0X
P11_0
IORDX
P11_1
IOWRX
P08_7
RDY
P08_6
BRQ
I2C bus DATA I/O pin
General purpose I/O port
I2C bus Clock I/O pin
I2C bus DATA I/O pin
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
C
INT5
8
External interrupt input pin
External interrupt input pin
P24_5
SCL2
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
INT4
7
External interrupt input pin
External interrupt input pin
P24_4
6
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
INT15
5
Function
I2C bus Clock I/O pin
External interrupt input pin
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
General purpose I/O port
DMA external transfer request input
General purpose I/O port
DMA external transfer acknowledge output
General purpose I/O port
DMA external transfer EOP (End of Process) output
General purpose I/O port
Chip select outputs
General purpose I/O port
Read strobe output for DMA flyby transfer
General purpose I/O port
Write strobe output for DMA flyby transfer
General purpose I/O port
External ready input
General purpose I/O port
External bus release request input
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-3 MB91467R Pin Descriptions (2 / 6)
Pin no.
24
25
Pin name
P08_5
BGRNTX
P08_4
RDX
I/O
I/O circuit type
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
External write strobe output (DQMU signal when
using SDRAM)
I
H
NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt) input
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
P08_1
26
WR1X
28
29
30
31
32
WR0X
NMIX
P10_6
MCLKE
P10_5
MCLKI
P10_4
MCLKO
P10_3
WEX
34
35
BAAX
P10_1
ASX
P10_0
SYSCLK
External bus release acceptance output
General purpose I/O port
External read strobe output
External write strobe output (DQML signal when using
SDRAM)
General purpose I/O port
P10_2
33
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
P08_0
27
Function
General purpose I/O port
Clock enable output signal for SDRAM
General purpose I/O port
Clock input for SDRAM
General purpose I/O port
Clock output for SDRAM
General purpose I/O port
External write enable signal
General purpose I/O port
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
Address advance output for burst mode FLASH
memory
General purpose I/O port
Address strobe output
General purpose I/O port
System clock output
39
X0
--
G
Clock (oscillation) input
40
X1
--
G
Clock (oscillation) output
42
X0A
--
G
Sub clock (oscillation) input
43
X1A
--
G
Sub clock (oscillation) output
I/O
H
I/O
H
46 to 53
54 to 56
59 to 63
P01_0 to P01_7
D16 to D23
P00_0 to P00_7
D24 to D31
General purpose I/O port
External data bus signals
General purpose I/O port
External data bus signals
17
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-3 MB91467R Pin Descriptions (3 / 6)
Pin no.
64 to 71
Pin name
P07_0 to P07_7
A00 to A07
72
75 to 81
P06_0 to P06_7
82 to 87
90, 91
P05_0 to P05_7
92
93 to 96
97
98 to 105
106 to 113
A08 to A15
A16 to A23
P16_7
ATGX
P17_4 to P17_7
PPG4 to PPG7
WDRESETX
P29_0 to P29_7
AN0 to AN7
P28_0 to P28_7
AN8 to AN15
I/O
I/O circuit type
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
I/O
H
O
J
I/O
F
I/O
F
P22_4
117
SDA0
P22_5
SCL0
C
INT0 to INT1
I/O
Open Drain
C
I/O
D
INT6
I/O
D
INT7
I/O
D
RX0
18
P23_1
TX0
External address bus signals
General purpose I/O port
A/D converter external trigger input
General purpose I/O port
PPG timer output pins
Watchdog reset output pin
General purpose I/O port
Analog input pins for the A/D converter
General purpose I/O port
Analog input pins for the A/D converter
I2C bus DATA I/O pin
General purpose I/O port
I2C bus clock I/O pin
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
RX input pin for CAN0
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
INT8
124
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
P23_0
123
External address bus signals
General purpose I/O port
P24_7
122
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
P24_6
121
External address bus signals
External interrupt input pin
P24_0 to P24_1
119 to 120
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
Open Drain
INT14
118
Function
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
TX output pin for CAN0
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-3 MB91467R Pin Descriptions (4 / 6)
Pin no.
Pin name
I/O
I/O circuit type
P23_2
125
RX1
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
P23_3
TX1
I/O
D
127
MD3
I
A
128
MD2
I
K
129
MD1
I
K
130
MD0
I
K
131
INITX
I
B
I/O
D
I/O
D
134
135
P21_0
SIN0
P21_1
SOT0
P21_2
136
SCK0
138
P21_4
SIN1
P21_5
SOT1
I/O
D
SCK1
I/O
D
I/O
D
141
P20_0
SIN2
P20_1
SOT2
I/O
D
SCK2
I/O
D
I/O
D
P20_4
SIN3
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART0
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART0
Clock I/O pin for UART0
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART1
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART1
Clock I/O pin for UART1
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART2
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART2
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
FRCK2
143
External reset input
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 1
P20_2
142
Mode setup pin
MD3 is fixed to "0"
General purpose I/O port
FRCK1
140
TX output pin for CAN0
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 0
P21_6
139
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
FRCK0
137
RX input pin for CAN1
External interrupt input pin
Can be used as a shutdown recovery source
INT9
126
Function
Clock I/O pin for UART2
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 2
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART3
19
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-3 MB91467R Pin Descriptions (5 / 6)
Pin no.
144
Pin name
P20_5
SOT3
I/O
I/O circuit type
I/O
D
P20_6
145
SCK3
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
P19_0
SIN4
P19_1
SOT4
P19_2
SCK4
P19_4
SIN5
P19_5
SOT5
P19_6
SCK5
P18_0
SIN6
P18_1
SOT6
P18_2
SCK6
I/O
D
OCU0 to OCU3
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
164
165
166
20
P23_4
INT10
P23_6
INT11
P22_0
INT12
P22_2
INT13
Clock I/O pin for UART3
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART4
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART4
General purpose I/O port
Clock I/O pin for UART4
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART5
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART5
General purpose I/O port
Clock I/O pin for UART5
General purpose I/O port
Data input pin for UART6
General purpose I/O port
Data output pin for UART6
General purpose I/O port
Clock I/O pin for UART6
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
TOT0 to TOT3
163
Data output pin for UART3
External clock input pin for the free-run timer 3
P15_0 to P15_3
157 to 160
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
FRCK3
148
Function
Output compare output pins
Reload timer output pins
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
General purpose I/O port
External interrupt input pin
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-3 MB91467R Pin Descriptions (6 / 6)
Pin no.
Pin name
I/O
I/O circuit type
167
P22_3
I/O
D
P14_0 to P14_3
168 to 171
ICU0 to ICU3
TIN0 to TIN3
P17_0 to P17_3
PPG0 to PPG3
General purpose I/O port
General purpose I/O port
I/O
D
TRG0 to TRG3
172 to 175
Function
Input capture input pins
External trigger input pin for the reload timers
External trigger input pins for PPG
I/O
D
General purpose I/O port
PPG timer output pins
21
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.5-4 MB91F46R Pin Descriptions [Power Supply and GND Pins]
Pin no.
Pin name
I/O circuit type
1,13,38,41
45,58,74,88
132,146,161
VSS
(VSS)
11,12,36,44
57,73,89
VCC3
(VCC3)
3.3V power supply pins
22
Function
GND pins
133
147
VCC5
(VCC5)
5V power supply pins. These pins are I/O power supplies for pin 117 to
pin 145 and the I/O becomes 3.3V operation by supplying 3.3V. If
other I/O power supply blocks use 5V, the I/O belonging to this pin
must also be set to 5V.
162
VCC5
(VCC5)
5V power supply pin. This pin is I/O power supply for pin 148 to pin
160 and the I/O becomes 3.3V operation by supplying 3.3V.
176
VCC5
(VCC5)
5V power supply pin. This pin is I/O power supply for pin 2 to pin 7
and pin 163 to pin 175. Supply 5V to this pin if one or more 5V operation pins exist.
114
AVSS/AVRL
(AVSS)
Analog GND pin for the A/D converter
115
AVCC3
(AVCC3)
3.3V power supply pin for the A/D converter
116
AVRH
(AVRH)
Reference power supply pin for the A/D converter
14
C_1
--
Capacitor connection pin for the internal regulator. 4.7µF must be
connected.
37
C_2
--
Capacitor connection pin for the internal regulator. 4.7µF must be
connected.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
1.6
I/O Circuit Types
This section describes the I/O circuit types.
■ I/O Circuit Types
Table 1.6-1 I/O Circuit Types (1 / 4)
Type
Circuit
Remarks
5V CMOS level hysteresis input with pull-down
5V level
Input
A
Pull-down
N-ch
5V CMOS level hysteresis input with pull-up
Pull-up
P-ch
B
Input
5V level
I/O pin for I2C
IOL= 3mA
N-ch
Output drive N-ch
5V resisting pressure (With standby control)
C
Input
Standby control
23
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.6-1 I/O Circuit Types (2 / 4)
Type
Circuit
Remarks
5V CMOS level output
IOL= 4mA
Pull-up control
5V CMOS level input
P-ch
Output drive P-ch
5V CMOS hysteresis level input with pull-up/pulldown control
(With standby control)
N-ch
Output drive N-ch
P-ch
5V level
D
Pull-down control
N-ch
Input
Standby control
Input
Standby control
3.3V CMOS level hysteresis input
3.3V level
E
5V resisting pressure (With standby control)
Input
3.3V CMOS level output
IOL= 4mA
3.3V level
P-ch
N-ch
Output drive P-ch
Output drive N-ch
F
Input
Standby control
Input
Standby control
Analog input
24
3.3V CMOS level input
3.3V CMOS hysteresis level input
Analog input (With standby control)
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.6-1 I/O Circuit Types (3 / 4)
Type
Circuit
Remarks
3.3V oscillation cell
3.3V level
Input
(feedback resistor 1 MΩ)
G
Standby control
3.3V CMOS level output
IOL= 4mA
Pull-up control
3.3V CMOS level input
P-ch
Output drive P-ch
3.3V CMOS hysteresis level input with pull-up/
pull-down control
(With standby control)
N-ch
Output drive N-ch
P-ch
3.3V level
H
N-ch
Pull-down control
Input
Standby control
Input
Standby control
3.3V CMOS level output
I: IOL= 8mA
3.3V level
P-ch
Output drive P-ch
N-ch
Output drive N-ch
J: IOL= 4mA
I, J
25
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
Table 1.6-1 I/O Circuit Types (4 / 4)
Type
Circuit
Remarks
5V CMOS level input
5V level
K
26
Input
CHAPTER 2
HANDLING DEVICES
This chapter describes precautions on handling FR
family devices.
2.1 Precautions on Handling Devices
2.2 Precautions for Use
27
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
2.1
Precautions on Handling Devices
This section explains how to prevent latch-up, perform pin processing, handle circuits
and input at power-up.
■ Preventing Latch-up
Latch-up may occur in a CMOS IC, if a voltage greater than VCC or less than VSS is applied to an input or
output pin, or if an above-rating voltage is applied between VCC and VSS. When latch-up occurs, it may
significantly increase the power supply current, resulting in thermal destruction of an element. Therefore,
utmost care should be taken that the maximum rating is not exceeded in use.
■ Treatment of Unused Pins
Do not leave an unused input pin open, since it may cause a malfunction. Handle by using a pull-up or pulldown resistor.
■ Power Supply Pins
In products with multiple VCC and VSS pins, the pins of the same potential are internally connected in the
device to avoid abnormal operations including latch-up. However, you must connect all the pins to external
power supply and a ground line to lower the electro-magnetic emission level, to prevent abnormal
operation of strobe signals caused by the rise in the ground level, and to conform to the total output current
rating. Moreover, connect the current supply source with the VCC and VSS pins of this device at the low
impedance.
It is also advisable to connect a ceramic bypass capacitor of approximately 0.1 µF between VCC and VSS
near this device.
MB91461/F467R incorporates a built-in step-down regulator. Connect a 4.7 µF bypass capacitor to C_1
and C_2 pins for the regulator.
■ Crystal Oscillator Circuit
Noise near the X0 and X1 (X0A, X1A) pins may cause the device to malfunction. Design the printed
circuit board so that X0 (X0A) and X1 (X1A), the crystal oscillator, and the bypass capacitor to ground are
located as close to the device as possible. It is strongly recommended to design the PC board artwork with
the X0 and X1 pins surrounded by ground plane because stable operation can be expected with such a
layout.
Please ask the crystal maker to evaluate the oscillational characteristics of the crystal and this device.
28
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
■ Notes on Using External Clock
When an external clock is used, supply it to X0 (X0A) pin generally, and simultaneously the opposite phase
clock to X0 (X0A) must be supplied to X1 (X1A) pin. However, in this case the stop mode (oscillator stop
mode) must not be used (This is because the X1 (X1A) pin stops at "H" output in the STOP mode).
Figure 2.1-1 Example Application of External Clock (Normal)
X0 (X0A)
X1 (X1A)
Note: STOP mode (oscillation stop mode) cannot be used.
■ Mode Pins (MD0 to MD3)
These pins should be connected directly to VCC or VSS. To prevent the device erroneously switching to
test mode due to noise, design the printed circuit board such that the distance between the mode pins and
VCC or VSS is as short as possible and the connection impedance is low.
■ Power-up Sequence for 3.3V and 5V Power Supplies
• Immediately after the power supply is turned on, hold the Low level input to the INITX pin for the
settling time required for the oscillator circuit to take the oscillation stabilization wait time (8ms) for the
oscillator circuit.
• There is no particular start-up sequence for power supply
• When canceling a reset (by changing the INITX pin from the Low level to the High level), ensure that
3.3V and 5V power supplies are stable.
29
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
■ Caution on Operations during PLL Clock Mode
On this microcontroller, if in case the crystal oscillator breaks off or an external reference clock input stops
while the PLL clock mode is selected, a self-oscillator circuit contained in the PLL may continue its
operation at its self-running frequency. However, Fujitsu will not guarantee results of operations if such
failure occurs.
■ External Bus Setting
MB91461/F467R guarantee an external bus clock (SYSCLK) frequency of 400 MHz.
Setting the base clock frequency to 40 MHz with DIVR1 (external bus base clock division setting register)
initialized sets the external bus frequency also to 80 MHz. Before changing the base clock frequency, set
SYSCLK not exceeding 80 MHz.
■ Pull-up Control
Connecting a pull-up resistor to the pin serving as an external bus pin cannot guarantee the AC
specifications.
■ Notes on the PS Register
As the PS register is processed by some instructions in advance, exception handling below may cause the
interrupt handling routine to break when the debugger is used or the display contents of flags in the PS
register to be updated. As the microcontroller is designed to carry out reprocessing correctly upon returning
from such an EIT event, it performs operations before and after the EIT as specified in either case.
(1) The following operations are performed when the instruction followed by a DIV0U/DIV0S
instruction results in acceptance of a user interrupt or NMI, single-stepping, or a break at a data
event or emulator menu.
- The D0 and D1 flags are updated in advance.
- An EIT handling routine (user interrupt, NMI, or emulator) is executed.
- Upon returning from the EIT, the DIV0U/DIV0S instruction is executed and the D0 and D1 flags
are updated to the same values as in (1).
(2) The following operations are performed when the OR CCR/ST ILM/MOV Ri and PS instructions
are executed during a user interrupt or NMI.
- The PS register is updated in advance.
- An EIT handling routine (user interrupt, NMI, or emulator) is executed.
- Upon returning from the EIT, the above instructions are executed and the PS register is updated to
the same value as in (1).
■ Software Reset on the Synchronous Mode
Be sure to meet the following two conditions before setting "0" to the SRST bit of STCR (standby
control register) when the software reset is used on the synchronous mode.
• Set the interrupt enable flag (I-Flag) to interrupt disabled (I-Flag = 0).
• Not used NMI.
30
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
■ Note on Debugger
● Step execution of RETI command
If an interrupt occurs frequently during stepping, only the corresponding interrupt handling routine is
executed repeatedly. This will prevent the main routine and low-interrupt-level programs from being
executed (For example, whenever RETI is stepped with interrupts by the time-base timer enabled, the timebase timer routine causes a break at the beginning).
Disable the corresponding interrupt when the corresponding interrupt handling routine no longer needs
debugging.
● Break function
If the address at which to cause a hardware break (including an event break) is set to the address currently
contained in the system stack pointer or in the area containing the stack pointer, the user program causes a
break after the execution of one instruction, despite no actual data access command in the program.
To prevent a break, do not set (word) access to the area containing the address in the system stack pointer
as the target of a hardware break (including an event break).
● Built-in ROM (FLASH MEMORY, MASKROM)
Caution on Operations When Evaluation Chips Are in Use
Do not set an built-in ROM area as a DMAC transfer destination.
When an built-in ROM area is set as a DMAC transfer destination, this area may be rewritten if a break
occurs during a DMAC transfer. However, it is technically possible to set an built-in ROM area as a
DMAC transfer destination.
● Operand breaks
A stack pointer placed in an area set for a DSU operand break can cause a malfunction. Do not apply a data
event break to access to the area containing the address of a system stack pointer.
31
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
2.2
Precautions for Use
This section shows the precautions when using dedicated DSU4 (ICE) connection pin.
■ Dedicated DSU4 (ICE) Connection Pin
The DSU4 (ICE) connection pin for MB91461 is shown below.
Table 2.2-1 DSU4 (ICE) Connection Pin for MB91461
Pin no.
Pin name
Function
93 to 90
ICD3 to ICD0
Data I/O pins for a development tool
96 to 94
ICS2 to ICS0
Status output pins for a development tool
97
ICLK
Clock pin for a development tool
98
BREAK
Break pin for a development tool
130
TRSTX
Reset pin for a development tool
(3.3V/5V input pin)
● Connector for the user target board and MB91461 connection
A recommended connector for the user target board is shown below.
Manufacturer: Yamaichi Electronics Co., Ltd.
Part number: FAP-20-08#*
Note: The symbol "*" shown in the part number is a single-digit number that indicates a pin shape.
• 1: Right-angled/wrapping
• 2: Right-angled/solder dip
• 4: Straight/solder dip
Figure 2.2-1 Connector for the User Target Board and MB91461 Connection
32
19pin
1pin
20pin
2pin
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
Table 2.2-2 Pin Function List of Target Side Connector
Pin no.
Signal line
name
Input/
output
1
EVCC2
Input
OPEN
2
EVCC3
Input
OPEN
3
DSUIO
I/O
OPEN
4
UVCC
Output
User Vcc output
6
XRSTIN
Output
Connected to the INITX signal in the user circuit
8
PLVL
Input
5
XTRST
Input
Connected to TRSTX (Pin no. 130)
7
XINIT
Input
Connected to INITX (Pin no. 131)
9
GND
−
10
BREAK
Input
11
ICD[3]
12
ICD[2]
13
ICD[1]
14
ICD[0]
15
GND
16
ICS[2]
17
ICS[1]
18
ICS[0]
19
GND
−
20
ICLK
Output
Pin handling
OPEN
Connected to VSS
Connected to BREAK (Pin no. 98)
Connected to ICD3 (Pin no. 93)
Connected to ICD2 (Pin no. 92)
I/O
MB91461
−
Connected to ICD1 (Pin no. 91)
Connected to ICD0 (Pin no. 90)
Connected to VSS
Connected to ICS2 (Pin no. 96)
Output
Connected to ICS1 (Pin no. 95)
Connected to ICS0 (Pin no. 94)
Connected to VSS
Connected to ICLK (Pin no. 97)
33
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
● Handling of DSU4 (ICE) pins in mass production
Table 2.2-3 Handling of DSU4 (ICE) Pins in Mass Production
Pin no.
Pin name
Pin handling
93 to 90
ICD3 to ICD0
OPEN
96 to 94
ICS2 to ICS0
OPEN
97
ICLK
OPEN
98
BREAK
OPEN
130
TRSTX
Connected to INITX (Pin no. 131: External reset input pin)
Figure 2.2-2 Connection Handling of the Reset Pin (TRSTX) for the Development Tool (DSU) in Mass
Production
INITX
Reset input
TRSTX
As the reset pin (TRSTX) for the development tool supports both 3.3V and 5V power supplies, it can be
connected directly to the INITX pin.
34
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
■ Pin State at Serial Programming Mode
Pin State at asynchronous serial programming mode of MB91F467RA
(FUJISTU FLASH MCU Programmer is used.)
• Operation mode setting (At the mode pin is fixed.)
MD0
MD1
MD2
MD3
P15_2
P15_3
L
L
H
L
L
L
P21_2:
after it resets "H" output
after control program is downloaded Hi-Z
Unused at time of the serial programming I/O of the other is in the state of Hi-Z.
It is recommended to use the mode pin level by fixation programming the serial usually. Please note that
there is a pinl that enters the state of the output when you change the MD2 pin as follows.
• Operation mode setting (When the mode pin changes on the way.)
MD0
MD1
MD2
MD3
P15_2
P15_3
L
L
H→L
L
L
L
P21_2:
After it resets "H" output
After control program is downloaded Hi-Z
P23_0:
"H" Output
P23_1:
After it resets "L" output
After it downloads "H" output
P23_2:
Pulse output of the main clock frequency
Unused at time of the serial programming I/O is in the state of Hi-Z.
35
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING DEVICES
36
CHAPTER 3
CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
This chapter provides basic information on FR family’s
architecture, specifications and instructions to introduce
its CPU core functions.
3.1 Memory Space
3.2 Internal Architecture
3.3 Instruction Cache (Installed on MB91461)
3.4 Programming Model
3.5 Data Structure
3.6 Memory Map
3.7 Branch Instructions
3.8 EIT (Exception, Interrupt, and Trap)
3.9 Operating Modes
3.10 Reset (Device Initialization)
3.11 Clock Generation Control
3.12 PLL Interface
3.13 Device State Control
3.14 Interval Timer
37
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.1
Memory Space
The FR family has a logical address space of 4Gbytes (232 addresses) and the CPU
linearly accesses the memory space.
■ Direct Addressing Area
The following areas on the address space are used for I/O.
In these areas, called "direct addressing areas", operand addresses can be specified directly in instructions.
There are different direct addressing areas as shown below, depending on the size of the accessed data.
Byte data access
: 000H to 0FFH
Halfword data access
: 000H to 1FFH
Word data access
: 000H to 3FFH
■ Memory Map
Figure 3.1-1 shows the memory map of MB91461/F467R.
Figure 3.1-1 Memory Map of MB91461/F467R
MB91461
MB91F467R
MB91F467R
External ROM
external bus mode
Built-in ROM
external bus mode
External ROM
external bus mode
I/O
0000 0400H
Direct addressing
area
(See I/O map)
I/O
0000 0400H
I/O
0000 1000H
0000 1000H
0000 8000H
0000 BFFFH
0002 4000H
BI-ROM
0002 C000H
0001 0000H
0002 0000H
I-cache
0003 0000H
0004 0000H
F-bus RAM
0010 0000H
0000 0000H
0000 0000H
0000 0000H
0003 0000 H
I/O
D-bus RAM
(1wait)
D-bus RAM
(0wait)
F-bus RAM
0003 4000 H
External area
Built-in FLASH
Reset /
mode vector
Reset /
mode vector
0010 4000 H
0015 0000 H
External area
Direct addressing
area
(See I/O map)
I/O
0000 0400H
0000 1000H
0002 4000H
0002 C000H
0003 0000 H
0003 4000 H
Direct addressing
area
(See I/O map)
I/O
D-bus RAM
(1wait)
D-bus RAM
(0wait)
F-bus RAM
External area
0010 4000 H
Reset /
mode vector
Built-in FLASH
External area
External area
FFFF FFFFH
FFFF FFFFH
(*) This area is RAM to which the power supply keeps being supplied at the shutdown mode.
FFFF FFFFH
Each mode is set depending on the mode vector fetch after INITX is negated. (For mode settings, see "3.9.2
Mode Setting".)
Note:
RAM installed in MB91V460 is all "0" weight.
38
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.2
Internal Architecture
The CPU of the FR family is a high performance core that adopts highly functional
instructions for embedded applications as well as a RISC architecture.
■ Features of the Internal Architecture
• Adoption of RISC architecture
Basic instruction: one instruction per cycle
• 32-bit architecture
General-purpose registers: 32 bits × 16
• Linear memory space of 4 Gbytes
• Multipliers installed
32-bit × 32-bit multiplication: 5 cycles
16-bit × 16-bit multiplication: 3 cycles
• Enhanced interrupt processing function
High response speed (6 cycles)
Multiple interrupts supported
Level mask function (16 levels)
• Enhanced instructions for I/O operation
Memory-to-memory transfer instructions
Bit processing instructions
• High code efficiency
Basic instruction word length: 16 bits
• Low-power consumption
Sleep mode, stop mode, shutdown mode
39
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Structure of the Internal Architecture
The CPU of the FR family is based on the Harvard architecture in which the instruction bus and data bus
are separated.
The 32-bit ←→ 16-bit bus converter is connected to a 32-bit bus (D-bus), providing an interface between
the CPU and the peripheral resources.
The Harvard ←→ Princeton bus converter is connected to both of the I-bus and D-bus, providing an
interface between the CPU and the bus controller.
Figure 3.2-1 shows the structure of the internal architecture.
Figure 3.2-1 Structure of the Internal Architecture
DSU
(debug support)
FR60CPU
Core
D-bus
I-bus
Bit search
I-cache
RAM
32
32
CAN (2ch)
Direct
Map Cashe
FLASH
32
16
Bus adapter
RAM
Bus converter
16
R-bus
MB91461
MB91F467R
DMAC
5ch
Peripheral
resources
40
External
bus
interface
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ CPU
The 32-bit RISC FR architecture is compactly implemented on the CPU. A five-level instruction pipeline
method is adopted to execute one instruction per cycle. The pipeline is composed of the following stages.
Figure 3.2-2 shows the instruction pipeline.
Instruction fetch (IF):
Outputs the instruction address and fetches the instruction.
Instruction decode (ID):
Decodes the fetched instruction and also reads registers.
Execution (EX):
Executes the operation.
Memory access (MA):
Performs memory load or store accesses.
Write back (WB):
Writes the operation results (or loaded memory data) back to the registers.
Figure 3.2-2 Instruction Pipeline
CLK
Instruction 1
WB
Instruction 2
MA
WB
Instruction 3
EX
MA
WB
Instruction 4
ID
EX
MA
WB
Instruction 5
IF
ID
EX
MA
WB
IF
ID
EX
MA
Instruction 6
WB
Instructions are not executed out of order. Therefore, if instruction A enters the pipeline ahead of
instruction B, instruction A always reaches the writeback stage before instruction B.
The standard execution speed is one instruction per cycle. However, load and store instructions that involve
a memory wait, branch instructions without a delay slot, and multi-cycle instructions require more than one
cycle to execute. The instruction execution speed also drops if delivery of instruction is slow.
■ Instruction Cache
The on-chip instruction cache enables a high-performance system to be implemented without the added
cost of external high-speed memory and related control logic. Even if the external bus speed is slow,
instructions can be supplied to the CPU at high speed.
Refer to "3.3 Instruction Cache (Installed on MB91461)" for details of instruction cache.
41
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ 32-bit ←→ 16-bit Bus Converter
This converter provides an interface between the 32-bit F-bus that is accessed at high speed and the 16-bit
R-bus and enables the CPU to access data in the internal peripheral circuits.
When a 32-bit access from the CPU occurs, the bus converter converts the access into two 16-bit accesses
on the R-bus. Note that the access width of some internal peripheral circuits is restricted.
■ Harvard ←→ Princeton Bus Converter
This bus converter coordinates CPU instruction and data accesses and provides a smooth interface to the
external bus.
The CPU has a Harvard architecture in which the instruction and data buses are separated. However, the
bus controller that controls the external bus has a single-bus Princeton architecture. The bus converter
prioritizes CPU instruction and data accesses and controls access to the bus controller. This function
continuously optimizes the order of external bus accesses.
42
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.2.1
Overview of Instructions
In addition to standard RISC instructions, the FR family supports logical operations
optimized for embedded applications, bit manipulation instructions, and direct
addressing instructions.
As each instruction is 16 bits in length (some instructions are 32-bit or 48-bit long), the
FR provides superior memory utilization efficiency.
The instruction set can be divided into the following functional groups.
• Arithmetic operations
• Load and store
• Branch
• Logical operations and bit manipulation
• Direct addressing
• Others
■ Arithmetic Operations
The standard arithmetic operation instructions (add, subtract, compare) and shift instructions (logical shift,
arithmetic operation shift) are provided. Addition and subtraction include operations with carry for use in
multi-word operations and operations that do not change the flags, a convenience in address calculations.
Also, 32-bit × 32-bit multiplication, 16-bit × 16-bit multiplication, and 32-bit / 32-bit step division
instructions are provided. In addition, immediate value transfer instructions which set immediate values to
registers are provided. Register-to-register transfer instructions are also enabled. The arithmetic operation
instructions all perform operations using the general-purpose register and multiplication and division
registers in the CPU.
■ Load and Store
Load and store instructions read data from or write data to external memory. The instructions are also used
to read from and write to the internal peripheral circuits (I/O).
Load and store instructions are provided for byte (8 bits), halfword (16 bits), and word length (32 bits)
access. In addition to standard register indirect memory addressing, some instructions support register
indirect with displacement memory addressing and register indirect with register increment or decrement
memory addressing.
■ Branch
This includes the branch, call, interrupt, and return instructions. Branch instructions are divided into those
that have a delay slot and those that do not. This enables optimization depending on applications. Refer to
"3.7 Branch Instructions" for details of branch instructions.
43
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Logical Operations and Bit Manipulation
Logical operation instructions can perform AND, OR, or EOR logical operations between general-purpose
registers or between general-purpose registers and memory (and I/O). The bit manipulation instructions can
manipulate the contents of memory (and I/O) directly.
These instructions use standard register indirect memory addressing.
■ Direct Addressing
Direct addressing instructions are instructions used for access between I/O and general-purpose register or
between I/O and memory. Specifying an I/O address directly in an instruction rather than by register
indirect addressing provides high-speed, high-efficiency access. Some instructions support register indirect
memory addressing with register increment or decrement.
■ Other Instructions
These include instructions to set the flags in the PS register and instructions to perform stack operations as
well as sign-extend and zero-extend instructions. Function entry and exit processing instructions for highlevel languages and multi-register load/store instructions are also provided.
44
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.3
Instruction Cache (Installed on MB91461)
This section describes the instruction cache.
■ Overview
The instruction cache is temporary memory. When an external low-speed memory accesses an instruction
code, the instruction cache stores the single-accessed code to increase the second and subsequent access
speeds.
Setting this memory to the RAM mode enables software to directly read and write instruction cache data
RAM and tag RAM.
The instruction cache explained here is installed on MB91461. It is not available on MB91F467R.
■ Main Frame Structure
• FR basic instruction length: 2 bytes
• Block arrangement system: 2-way set associative system
• Block:
One way consists of 128 blocks
One block consists of 16 bytes (= 4 sub-blocks)
One sub-block consists of 4 bytes (= 1 bus access unit)
Figure 3.3-1 Instruction Cache Structure
I3
I2
I1
I0
Cache tag
Sub-block 3
Sub-block 2
Sub-block 1
Sub-block 0
Block 0
Cache tag
Sub-block 3
Sub-block 2
Sub-block 1
Sub-block 0
Block 127
Cache tag
Sub-block 3
Sub-block 2
Sub-block 1
Sub-block 0
Block 0
Sub-block 3
Sub-block 2
Sub-block 1
Sub-block 0
Block 127
128 Blocks
···
Way-1
4 bytes
4 bytes
4 bytes
···
4 bytes
···
4 bytes
Cache tag
···
···
128 Blocks
···
Way-2
45
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
Figure 3.3-2 Instruction Cache Tag
Way-1
bit31
9
Address tag
8
Reserved
7
SBV3
6
SBV2
5
SBV1
Sub-block valid
LRU
Entry lock
4
SBV0
3
2
TAGV Reserved
1
LRU
0
ETLK
1
0
ETLK
TAG valid
Way-2
bit31
9
Address tag
8
Reserved
7
SBV3
6
SBV2
Sub-block valid
5
SBV1
4
SBV0
3
TAGV
2
Reserved
TAG valid
Entry lock
[bit31 to bit9] Address tag
The upper 23 bits of the memory address of the instruction cached in the corresponding block are
stored.
The memory address IA of the instruction data stored in sub-block k on block i is as follows:
IA = Address tag × 211 + i × 24 + k × 22
These bits are used to perform coincidence checkout of instruction address that the CPU requests access
to.
• When the requested instruction data is in the cache (hit), the cache transfers the data to the CPU
within one cycle.
• When the requested instruction data is not in the cache (miss), the CPU and cache simultaneously
acquire the data by external access.
[bit7 to bit4] SBV3 to SBV0: Sub-block valid
When the sub-block valid* is set to "1", the current instruction data at the tagged address is entered in
the corresponding sub-block. Normally, two instructions are stored in a sub-block (except for the
immediate value transfer instruction).
[bit3] TAGV: TAG valid
This bit indicates whether address tag value is valid. When this bit is "0", this block is invalid regardless
of the sub-valid bit (flushed state).
46
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit1] LRU bit (way 1 only)
This bit is present only for way-1 instruction cache tag. Regarding the selected set, the bit indicates
whether a way-1 or way-2 entry was accessed in the cache last. When LRU = 1, a way-1 set entry was
accessed last. Conversely, when LRU = 0, a way-2 set entry was accessed last.
[bit0] ETLK: Entry lock bit
This bit locks all tagged entries within a block in the cache. When ETLK = 1, the locked state prevails
so entries are not updated when they are not found in the cache. However, invalid sub-blocks are
updated. If the data is not found in the cache when way 1 and way 2 are both entry-locked, the external
memory is accessed after the loss of one cycle of "cache miss" evaluation.
47
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.3.1
Control Register
Control register consists of Cache size register (ISIZE) and Instruction Cache control
register. This section explains the functions of these registers.
■ Cache Size Register (ISIZE)
Figure 3.3-3 The Structure of Cache Size Register (ISIZE)
ISIZE (8 bits)
bit
000003C7H
7
6
5
4
3
2
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
1
0
SIZE1 SIZE0
R/W
R/W
Initial value
------10B
[bit1, bit0] SIZE1 and SIZE0
These bits are used to set the cache size. As shown in Figure 3.3-5, the cache size, IRAM size, and
address map in the RAM mode change according to setting of these bits. When the cache size is
changed, always turn on cache after unlocking flush and entry lock.
Table 3.3-1 Cache Size Register
SIZE1
SIZE0
Size
0
0
1 Kbyte
0
1
2 Kbytes
1
0
4 Kbytes [Initial value]
1
1
Setting disabled
■ Instruction Cache Control Register (ICHCR)
Instruction Cache Control Register (ICHCR) controls the instruction cache operations.
Writing to the ICHCR does not affect caching of instructions fetched within subsequent three cycles.
Figure 3.3-4 The Structure of Instruction Cache Control Register (ICHCR)
ICHCR (8 bits)
bit
000003E7H
48
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
RAM
R/W
−
−
GBLK
R/W
ALFL
R/W
EOLK
R/W
ELKR
R/W
FLSH
R/W
ENAB
R/W
0-000000B
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit7] RAM: RAM Mode
Setting the RAM bit to "1" enables instruction cache to operate in the RAM mode. If the ENAB bit is
"1" with cache on when the RAM mode is selected, cache RAM will be mapped as shown in Figure 3.35.
[bit5] GBLK: Global lock bit
This bit locks all current entries in cache. When GBLK = 1, valid entries in the cache are not updated at
a "cache miss". However, invalid sub-blocks are updated. The resulting instruction data fetch operation
is the same as for unlocked entries.
[bit4] ALFL: Auto lock fail bit
When a locked entry is attempted to be locked for the second time, the ALFL is set to "1". When entryauto-locked entry is updated for a locked entry, the new entry is not locked in the cache. Referencing is
done for program debugging. This is cleared by writing "0".
[bit3] EOLK: Entry auto lock bit
This bit specifies whether auto locking feature is enabled or disabled for individual entries in instruction
cache. Entries accessed (only at miss) while EOLK = 1 are locked when the entry lock bit in the cache
tag is set to "1" by hardware. Locked entries are not subsequently updated at a cache miss. However,
invalid sub-blocks are updated. To assure proper locking, first flush and then set this bit.
[bit2] ELKR: Entry lock release bit
This bit is used to clear entry lock bits at all cache tags. When ELKR is set to "1", entry lock bits at all
cache tags are cleared to "0" at the next cycle. However, the value of this bit is held only for one clock
cycle. It is cleared to "0" at the second and subsequent clock cycles.
[bit1] FLSH: Flush bit
This bit specifies flushing of instruction cache. When FLSH = 1, the cache data is flushed. However,
the value of this bit is held only for 1 clock cycle. It is cleared to "0" at the second and subsequent clock
cycles.
[bit0] ENAB: Enable bit
This bit enables or disables instruction cache. When ENAB = 0, the instruction cache is disabled so
instruction accessing from the CPU is performed directly to the outside, without using the cache. When
the instruction cache is disabled, instructions in the cache are saved.
49
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
Figure 3.3-5 RAM Address Map
Address
00010000H
00010200H
00010400H
00010600H
00010800H
···
00014000H
00014200H
00014400H
00014600H
00014800H
···
00018000H
00018200H
00018400H
00018600H
00018800H
···
Cache OFF
RAM OFF
Cache OFF
RAM ON
TAG
(way1)
Cache ON 4K Cache ON 4K Cache ON 2K Cache ON 2K Cache ON 1K Cache ON 1K
RAM OFF
RAM ON
RAM OFF
RAM ON
RAM OFF
RAM ON
TAG
TAG
TAG(way1)
(way1)
(way1)
[TAG way1]
[TAG way1]
[TAG way1]
[TAG way1]
[TAG way1]
[TAG way1]
[TAG way1]
[TAG way1]
···
···
···
···
[TAG way1]
TAG
TAG
TAG
TAG(way2)
(way2)
(way2)
(way2)
[TAG way2]
[TAG way2]
[TAG way2]
[TAG way2]
[TAG way2]
[TAG way2]
[TAG way2]
[TAG way2]
···
···
···
[TAG way2]
IRAM
$RAM(IRAM)
$RAM
$RAM
$RAM(way1)
(way1)
(way1)
(way1)
(way1)
IRAM
IRAM
*1
IRAM
IRAM
(way1)
(way1)
(way1)
(way1)
[IRAM way1] [$RAM way1]
[$RAM way1] [IRAM way1]*2 [ $/I way1 ]
[IRAM way]
[ $/I way1 ]
···
···
···
···
···
···
···
0001C000H
IRAM
$RAM(IRAM)
(way2)
(way2)
0001C200H
0001C400H
*1
0001C600H
0001C800H [IRAM way2] [$RAM way2]
···
···
···
$RAM
(way2)
IRAM
(way2)
[$RAM way2] [IRAM way2]*2
···
···
$RAM
(way2)
IRAM
(way2)
[ $/I way2 ]
···
IRAM
(way2)
$RAM(way2)
IRAM
(way2)
[IRAM way2]
···
[ $/I way2 ]
···
00020000H
[ ] refers to a mirror area
*1 Same as the map when cache is on, in accordance with the value of the ISIZE register.
*2 A mirror area is generated in the upper 2 Kbytes of every 4 Kbytes.
Note: "$" represents cache.
TAGRAM
00010000H
00010004H
00010008H
0001000CH
00010010H
00010014H
00010018H
0001001CH
00010020H
50
$RAM
<- Entry at 00x address 00018000H
<- Mirror at 00x
00018004H
00018008H
0001800CH
<- Entry at 01x address 00018010H
<- Mirror at 01x
00018014H
00018018H
0001801CH
00018020H
Instruction at 000 address (SBV0)
Instruction at 004 address (SBV1)
Instruction at 008 address (SBV2)
Instruction at 00C address (SBV3)
Instruction at 000 address (SBV0)
Instruction at 004 address (SBV1)
Instruction at 008 address (SBV2)
Instruction at 00C address (SBV3)
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
Figure 3.3-6 Memory Assignment for Each Cache Size
Address
000H
200H
400H
600H
···
000H
200H
400H
600H
Cache 4K
$RAM
(WAY1)
Cache 2K
$RAM
Cache 1K
$RAM
IRAM
Cache off
IRAM
IRAM
$RAM
(WAY2)
···
$RAM
···
$RAM
IRAM
IRAM
IRAM
Note: "$" represents cache.
51
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.3.2
Cache State And Various Operating Modes
This section explains the cache states in Various operating modes and setting method
of instruction cache.
■ Cache State in Various Operating Modes
The table below indicates the prevailing state for disable and flush when the associated bit is changed by bit
manipulation instruction or other instructions.
Table 3.3-2 Cache State in Various Operating Modes
Immediately
after Reset
Tag
Cache Memory
Address Tag
The contents are
undefined.
Sub-block Valid Bit
The contents are
undefined.
LRU
The contents are
undefined.
Entry Lock Bit
The contents are
undefined.
TAG Valid Bit
The contents are
undefined.
Control Register
RAM
52
The contents are
undefined.
Normal Mode
Global Lock
Unlock
Auto Lock Fail
No fail
Entry Auto Lock
Unlock
Entry Lock Release No release
Enable
Disabled
Flush
Not flushed
Disable (ENAB = 0)
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is impossible while the
cache is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is impossible while the
cache is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is impossible while the
cache is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is impossible while the
cache is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is impossible while the
cache is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Flushing is possible while the cache is
disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Flushing is possible while the cache is
disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is possible while the cache
is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is possible while the cache
is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is possible while the cache
is disabled.
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is possible while the cache
is disabled.
Disabled
The preceding state is held.
Rewriting is possible while the cache
is disabled.
Flush
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
(Entry lock release is required.)
All entries are invalid.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
The preceding state is held.
Flushed in cycle following
memory accessing.
Reverts to "0" subsequently.
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Cache Entry Update
Cache entries are updated as shown in the following table.
Table 3.3-3 Cache Entry Update
Unlock
Lock
Hit
Not updated.
Not updated.
Miss
The memory data is loaded and the cache
entry data is updated.
Not updated at tag miss.
Updated when sub-block is invalid.
■ Instruction Cache Area for Caching
• Regarding instruction cache, data is cached only in external bus space.
• Even if the external memory data is updated by DMA transfer, coherency with cached instructions will
not be maintained.
In this case, flush the cache to maintain the coherency.
• Instruction cache space can be set as non-cacheable area by chip select area. Even in this setting, a
penalty of one cycle is incurred compared with the time when the cache is off. (Refer to "9.3 Chip
Select Area".)
53
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.3.3
Setting Up the Instruction Cache before Use
This section explains the setting method for using instruction cache.
■ Setting Procedures
Perform the following procedures to made the settings for using instruction cache.
● Initializing
Before instruction cache is used, its content must be cleared.
Set both the FLSH and ELKR bits of the register to "1" to delete the old data.
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00000110,r1
// Set "1" to FLSH bit (bit1)
// Set "1" to ELKR bit (bit2)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
The cache is now initialized.
● Enabling (turning on) the cache
To enable the instruction cache, set the ENAB bit to "1".
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00000001,r1
// Set "1" to ENAB bit (bit0)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
Subsequently-accessed instructions will be cached.
Cache can be initialized and validated simultaneously.
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00000111,r1
// Set "1" to ENAB bit (bit0)
// Set "1" to FLSH bit (bit1)
// Set "1" to ELKR bit (bit2)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
● Disabling (turning off) the cache
To disable the instruction cache, set the ENAB bit to "0".
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00000000,r1
// Set "0" to ENAB bit (bit0)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
In this state (same as the state after a reset), no cache appears to be present and no action is taken.
The cache can be turned off if the processing may experience problems due to cache overhead.
54
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
● Locking all cached instructions
To lock all the currently-cached instructions in the cache to prevent any from disappearing, set the
GBLK bit of the register to "1". Unless the ENAB bit is also set to "1", the cache will be turned off and
any instructions locked in the cache cannot be used.
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00100001,r1
// Set "1" to ENAB bit (bit0)
// Set "1" to GBLK bit (bit5)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
● Locking specific instructions in cache
To lock a specific group of instructions (e.g. subroutines) in cache, set the EOLK bit to "1" before
executing these instructions.
Instructions locked in this manner allow high-speed access as if using a fast built-in ROM.
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00001001,r1
// Set "1" to ENAB bit (bit0)
// Set "1" to EOLK bit (bit3)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
Instructions succeeding the stb instruction become valid, although this depends on the memory wait
count. Set the EOLK bit to "0" when the desired group of instructions has been locked.
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00000001,r1
// Set "1" to ENAB bit (bit0)
// Set "0" to EOLK bit (bit3)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
● Unlocking the cached instructions
To unlock the data which is locked in (5) above, proceed as follows.
ldi
#0x000003e7,r0
// Instruction cache control register address
ldi
#0B00000000,r1
// Cache disabled
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
ldi
#0B00000100,r1
// Set "1" to ELKR bit (bit2)
stb
r1,@r0
// Writing to register
As only locked information is unlocked, locked instructions are sequentially replaced with new ones
according to the state of the LRU bit.
55
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.4
Programming Model
This section describes the programming model, general-purpose registers, and
dedicated registers of the FR family.
■ Basic Programming Model
Figure 3.4-1 shows the basic programming model.
Figure 3.4-1 Basic Programming Model
32 bits
[Initial value]
XXXX XXXXH
R0
···
R1
···
···
General-purpose
registers
···
···
···
AC
···
R12
R13
R14
R15
56
···
···
Program counter
PC
Program status
PS
Table base register
TBR
Return pointer
RP
System stack pointer
SSP
User stack pointer
USP
Multiplication and
division result registers
MDH
MDL
ILM
FP
XXXX XXXXH
SP
0000 0000H
SCR
CCR
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.4.1
General-purpose Registers
Registers R0 to R15 are general-purpose registers.
These registers are used as an accumulator for operations or as a pointer for memory
access.
■ General-purpose Registers
Figure 3.4-2 shows the structure of the general-purpose registers.
Figure 3.4-2 Structure of the General-purpose Registers
32 bits
[Initial value]
R0
XXXX XXXXH
R1
···
···
···
···
···
···
···
···
···
R12
R13
R14
AC
FP
XXXX XXXXH
R15
SP
0000 0000H
Of the 16 general-purpose registers, the following registers are expected to be used in special applications.
Therefore, some of the instructions used are enhanced.
R13: Virtual accumulator (AC)
R14: Frame pointer (FP)
R15: Stack pointer (SP)
The initial value of R0 to R14 after a reset is indeterminate. The initial value of R15 is 00000000H (SSP
value).
57
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.4.2
Dedicated Registers
Each of the dedicated registers is used for a specific purpose.
The FR family has the following dedicated registers:
• Program Status (PS)
• Condition Code Register (CCR)
• System Condition code Register (SCR)
• Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM)
• Program Counter (PC)
• Table Base Register (TBR)
• Return Pointer (RP)
• System Stack Pointer (SSP)
• User Stack Pointer (USP)
• Multiply & Divide register
■ Program Status (PS)
Stores the program status (PS) and consists of the ILM, SCR, and CCR sections.
All undefined bits are reserved bits and always read as "0".
Writing is invalid.
Figure 3.4-3 shows the structure of the program status (PS).
Figure 3.4-3 The Structure of the Program Status (PS)
bit
31
20
16
ILM
58
10 8 7
SCR
0
CCR
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Condition Code Register (CCR)
Figure 3.4-4 shows the structure of the condition code register (CCR).
Figure 3.4-4 The Structure of the Condition Code Register (CCR)
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
−
−
S
I
N
Z
V
C
--00XXXXB
[bit5] S: Stack flag
Specifies the stack pointer used as R15.
Table 3.4-1 Stack Flag
Value
Function
0
SSP is used as R15.
Automatically changes to "0" when an EIT occurs
(Note that the value saved on the stack is the value before the bit is cleared).
1
USP is used as R15.
This bit is cleared to "0" at reset.
Set it to "0" when executing a RETI instruction.
[bit4] I: Interrupt enable flag
Controls the enabling and disabling of user interrupt requests.
Table 3.4-2 Interrupt Enable Flag
Value
Function
0
User interrupts disabled.
Cleared to "0" when an INT instruction is executed
(Note that the value saved on the stack is the value before the bit is cleared).
1
User interrupts enabled.
The ILM value controls the masking of user interrupt requests.
This bit is cleared to "0" at reset.
[bit3] N: Negative flag
Indicates the sign of the operation result interpreted as an integer that is expressed in the complement of
2.
Table 3.4-3 Negative Flag
Value
Function
0
Indicates that the operation has resulted in a positive value.
1
Indicates that the operation has resulted in a negative value.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
59
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit2] Z: Zero flag
Specifies whether the operation result was zero.
Table 3.4-4 Zero Flag
Value
Function
0
Indicates that the operation has resulted in a value other than zero.
1
Indicates that the operation has resulted in zero.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
[bit1] O: Overflow flag
Interprets the operand used in the operation as the integer that is expressed in the complement of 2 and
specifies whether or not the operation has caused an overflow.
Table 3.4-5 Overflow Flag
Value
Function
0
Indicates that the operation has not caused an overflow.
1
Indicates that the operation has caused an overflow.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
[bit0] C: Carry flag
Specifies whether the operation has caused a carry or borrow from the MSB.
Table 3.4-6 Carry Flag
Value
Function
0
Indicates that neither a carry nor borrow has occurred.
1
Indicates that a carry or borrow has occurred.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
60
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ System Condition Code Register (SCR)
Figure 3.4-5 shows the structure of the system condition code register (SCR).
Figure 3.4-5 The Structure of the System Condition Code Register (SCR)
bit
10
9
8
[Initial value]
D1
D0
T
XX0B
[bit10, bit9] Step division flags
These bits store intermediate data during the execution of step divisions.
Do not modify the bits during a division operation. If performing other operations during a step
division, restarting of the division is assured if the value of the PS register is saved and restored.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
Executing the DIV0S instruction references the dividend and divisor and sets the bits.
Executing the DIV0U instruction forcibly clears the bits.
Do not perform any operation in expectation of the D0/D1 bits of the PS register before EIT branching
in the EIT processing routine for a DIV0S/DIV0U instruction, user interrupt, and NMI simultaneous
acceptance.
If the bits are stopped by a break or step immediately before a DIV0S/DIV0U instruction, the D0/D1
bits of the PS register may not display the correct value. However, the operation result shows the
correct value once it is restored.
[bit8] Step trace trap flag
This flag specifies whether the step trace trap is enabled or disabled.
Table 3.4-7 Step Trace Trap Flag
Value
Function
0
Disables the step trace trap.
1
Enables the step trace trap.
This disables the user NMI and all the user interrupts.
Initialized to "0" at reset.
The step trace trap function is used by the emulator. The function cannot be used by the user program
when the emulator is in use.
61
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM)
Figure 3.4-6 shows the structure of the interrupt level mask register (ILM).
Figure 3.4-6 The Structure of the Interrupt Level Mask Register (ILM)
bit
20
19
18
17
16
[Initial value]
ILM4
ILM3
ILM2
ILM1
ILM0
01111B
The interrupt level mask register (ILM) stores the interrupt level mask value. The value stored in the
interrupt level mask register (ILM) is used for the level mask.
Only interrupt requests to the CPU with an interrupt level that has a higher priority than the level in the
interrupt level mask register (ILM) are accepted.
Level 0 (00000B) has the highest priority and level 31 (11111B) has the lowest priority.
Restrictions apply to the values that can be set by the program.
When the original value is between 16 and 31:
A new value can be set to only 16 to 31. Executing an instruction to set a value to 0 to 15 transfers the
"specified value + 16".
When the original value is between 0 and 15:
When the original value is between 0 and 15, any value between 0 and 31 can be set.
It is initialized to 15 (01111B) at reset.
■ Program Counter (PC)
Figure 3.4-7 shows the structure of the program counter (PC).
Figure 3.4-7 The Structure of the Program Counter (PC)
bit 31
PC
0
[Initial value]
XXXXXXXXH
[bit31 to bit0]
This register functions as a program counter and points to the address of the currently executing
instruction.
Bit0 is set to "0" when updating the PC as part of instruction execution. Bit0 can have the value "1"
only when an odd-numbered address is specified as a branch destination address.
However, even if bit0 is "1", the bit0 value is ignored and instructions must be located at addresses that
are multiples of two.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
62
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Table Base Register (TBR)
Figure 3.4-8 shows the structure of the table base register (TBR).
Figure 3.4-8 The Structure of the Table Base Register (TBR)
bit 31
0
TBR
[Initial value]
000FFC00H
This register stores the top address of the vector table used for EIT processing.
It is initialized to "000FFC00H" at reset.
■ Return Pointer (RP)
Figure 3.4-9 shows the structure of the return pointer (RP).
Figure 3.4-9 The Structure of the Return Pointer (RP)
bit 31
0
RP
[Initial value]
XXXXXXXXH
This pointer stores the return address from subroutines.
Executing the CALL instruction transfers the value of the PC to the RP.
Executing the RET instruction transfers the contents of the RP to the PC.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
■ System Stack Pointer (SSP)
Figure 3.4-10 shows the structure of the system stack pointer (SSP).
Figure 3.4-10 The Structure of the System Stack Pointer (SSP)
bit 31
SSP
0
[Initial value]
00000000H
The SSP is a system stack pointer.
It functions as R15 when the S flag is "0".
The SSP can also be specified explicitly. The SSP can also be used as the stack pointer that specifies the
stack on which to save the PS and PC when an EIT occurs.
It is initialized to "00000000H" at reset.
63
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ User Stack Pointer (USP)
Figure 3.4-11 shows the structure of the user stack pointer (USP).
Figure 3.4-11 The Structure of the User Stack Pointer (USP)
bit 31
0
USP
[Initial value]
XXXXXXXXH
The USP is a user stack pointer.
It functions as R15 when the S flag is "1".
The USP can also be specified explicitly.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
It cannot be used in the RETI instruction.
■ Multiply & Divide Registers
Figure 3.4-12 shows the structure of the multiply & divide registers.
Figure 3.4-12 The Structure of the Multiply & Divide Registers
bit 31
0
MDH
MDL
These registers are used for multiplication and division and are 32 bits in length.
The initial value after a reset is indeterminate.
When a multiplication is executed:
For a 32-bit × 32-bit multiplication, the 64-bit operation result is stored in the multiplication and
division result registers as shown below.
MDH: Upper 32 bits
MDL: Lower 32 bits
For a 16-bit × 16-bit multiplication, the result is stored as follows.
MDH: Indeterminate
MDL: 32-bit result
When a division is executed:
The dividend is stored in MDL when the calculation is started.
When the division is performed by executing DIV0S/DIV0U, DIV1, DIV2, DIV3, DIV4S instructions,
the result is stored in MDH and MDL.
MDH: Remainder
MDL: Quotient
64
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.5
Data Structure
This section describes the data structure of the FR family.
■ Bit Ordering
The FR family uses little endian bit ordering. Figure 3.5-1 shows the data assignment of the bit ordering.
Figure 3.5-1 Data Assignment of Little Endian Bit Ordering
bit
31
29
30
27
28
25
26
23
24
21
22
19
20
17
18
15
16
13
14
11
12
9
10
7
8
5
6
3
4
1
2
MSB
0
LSB
■ Byte Ordering
The FR family uses big endian byte ordering.
Figure 3.5-2 shows the data assignment of the byte ordering.
Figure 3.5-2 Data Assignment of Big Endian Byte Ordering
Memory
MSB
bit 31
23
15
7
LSB
0
10101010B 11001100B 11111111B 00010001B
bit
7
0
n Address 10101010B
(n+1) Address 11001100B
(n+2) Address 11111111B
(n+3) Address 00010001B
65
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Word Alignment
● Program access
Programs used for the FR family must be located at addresses that are multiples of two.
Bit0 of the PC is set to "0" when the PC is updated as part of instruction execution.
Bit0 can become "1" only when an odd-numbered address is specified as a branch destination address.
However, even if bit0 is "1", the bit0 value is ignored and instructions must be located at addresses that are
multiples of two.
There is no odd-numbered address exception.
● Data access
The address for data access in the FR family is forcibly aligned as shown below, depending on the data
access size.
Word access:
Address is a multiple of 4. (The lowest two bits are forcibly set to "00B".)
Halfword access:
Address is a multiple of 2. (The lowest bit is forcibly set to "0").
Byte access:
————
In word or halfword data access, it is the effective address that may have bits forcibly set to "0".
For example, in the @(R13, Ri) addressing mode, the register values prior to the addition are used without
change (even if the LSB is "1") and the lower bit of the addition result is masked. The register values
before the calculation are not masked.
[Example] LD @(R13, R2), R0
R13
00002222H
R2
00000003H
+)
Result of addition
Address pin
66
00002225H
Lower two bits forcibly masked
00002224H
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.6
Memory Map
This section describes the memory map of the FR family.
■ Memory Map
The address space is 32-bit long and linear.
Figure 3.6-1 shows the memory map.
Figure 3.6-1 Memory Map
0000 0000H
Byte data
0000 0100H
Halfword data
Direct addressing area
0000 0200H
Word data
0000 0400H
000F FC00H
Vector table
000F FFFFH
Initial area
FFFF FFFFH
Direct addressing area
The following areas of the address space are I/O areas that can be accessed by direct addressing.
Address operands can be specified directly in instructions.
The size of directly addressable address areas depends on the length of the data being accessed.
Byte data (8 bits):
000H to 0FFH
Halfword data (16 bits):
000H to 1FFH
Word data (32 bits):
000H to 3FFH
Initial vector table area
The area between 000FFC00H and 000FFFFFH is the initial EIT vector table area.
The vector table used in EIT processing can be set to a user-specified address by changing the time base
register (TBR). However, after initialization at reset, the vector table is located in this area.
67
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.7
Branch Instructions
This section describes the branch instructions of the FR family.
■ Overview of the Branch Instructions
In the FR family, you can specify whether branch instructions operate with or without a delay slot.
68
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.7.1
Branch Instructions with a Delay Slot
This section describes branch instructions with a delay slot.
■ Branch Instructions with a Delay Slot
The instructions with the notation listed below perform the branch operation with a delay slot.
JMP:D
@Ri
CALL:D label12
CALL:D
@Ri
RET:D
BRA:D
label9
BNO:D
label9
BEQ:D
label9
BNE:D
label9
BC:D
label9
BNC:D
label9
BN:D
label9
BP:D
label9
BV:D
label9
BNV:D
label9
BLT:D
label9
BGE:D
label9
BLE:D
label9
BGT:D
label9
BLS:D
label9
BHI:D
label9
■ Description of the Branch Operation with a Delay Slot
Branching with a delay slot means that the branch operation occurs after executing the instruction placed
immediately after the branch instruction (in what is called the delay slot).
As the instruction in the delay slot is executed before the branch operations, the apparent execution speed is
one cycle. However, if no useful instruction can be placed in the delay slot, a NOP instruction must be
placed instead.
[Example]
; Instruction sequence
ADD
R1, R2
;
BRA:D
LABEL
; Branch instruction
MOV
R2, R3
; Delay slot: Executed before branching
···
LABEL:ST R3, @R4
; Branch destination
For conditional branch instructions, the instruction in the delay slot is executed whether or not the branch
condition is satisfied.
Although delayed branch instructions appear to reverse the execution order of some instructions, this only
applies to the updating of the program counter (PC). Other operations (such as updating or referencing
registers) are executed in the order they appear in the program.
The following describes some specific examples.
1) The value of Ri referenced by the JMP:D @Ri or CALL:D @Ri instruction is not changed by any
update of Ri by the instruction in the delay slot.
[Example]
LDI:32 #Label, R0
JMP:D @R0
LDI:8
#0,
; Branch to Label
R0 ; Does not change the branch destination address.
···
69
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
2) The value of RP referenced by the RET:D instruction is not changed by any update of RP by the
instruction in the delay slot.
[Example]
RET:D
MOV
; Branch to the address previously set in RP.
R8,
RP ; Does not affect the return operation.
···
3) The flags referenced by the Bcc:D rel instruction are not affected by the instruction in the delay slot.
[Example]
ADD
#1,
R0 ; Flag change
BC:D
Overflow ; Branch depending on the result of the previous instruction
AND CCR #0
; This flag update does not reference the above branch instruction.
···
4) Referencing the RP by the instruction in the CALL:D instruction’s delay slot reads the RP value
updated by the CALL:D instruction.
[Example]
CALL:D Label
MOV
RP,
; Update RP and branch.
R0 ; Transfers the RP value resulting from the execution of the above CALL:D.
···
■ Restrictions on the Operation with a Delay Slot
Instructions that can be placed in the delay slot
Only instructions that meet the following criteria can be executed in the delay slot.
1-cycle instruction
Not a branch instruction
Instruction not affected by the order in which it is executed
"One-cycle instructions" are instructions with "1", "a", "b", "c", or "d" listed in the number of cycles
column of the instruction list.
Step trace trap
Step trace traps do not occur between execution of branch instructions with a delay slot and the delay
slot.
Interrupts/NMI
Interrupts and NMI are not accepted between execution of branch instructions with a delay slot and the
delay slot.
Undefined instruction exception
If the delay slot contains an undefined instruction, the undefined instruction exception is not generated.
In this case, the undefined instruction is executed as a NOP instruction.
70
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.7.2
Branch Instructions without a Delay Slot
This section describes the branch instructions without a delay slot.
■ Instructions without a Delay Slot
The instructions with the notation listed below perform the branch operation without a delay slot.
JMP
@Ri
CALL
label12
CALL
@Ri
RET
BRA
label9
BNO
label9
BEQ
label9
BNE
label9
BC
label9
BNC
label9
BN
label9
BP
label9
BV
label9
BNV
label9
BLT
label9
BGE
label9
BLE
label9
BGT
label9
BLS
label9
BHI
label9
■ Description of Operation without a Delay Slot
Branching without a delay slot means that instructions are always executed in the order they appear in the
program.
The instruction following the branch instruction is never executed before branching.
[Example]
; Instruction sequence
ADD
R1, R2
;
BRA
LABEL
; Branch instruction (without a delay slot)
MOV
R2, R3
; Not executed
R3, @R4
; Branch destination
···
LABEL: ST
The number of cycles required to execute a branch instruction without a delay slot is two cycles if the
branch occurs and one cycle if the branch does not occur.
As no instruction can be placed in the delay slot for a branch instruction without a delay slot, instruction
code efficiency is increased compared with a branch instruction with a delay slot containing a NOP
instruction.
Use operation with a delay slot when there is a useful instruction to place in the delay slot and do not use
operation with a delay slot otherwise. This satisfies both execution speed and code efficiency.
71
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.8
EIT (Exception, Interrupt, and Trap)
The term EIT is a generic term for exceptions, interrupts and traps. EITs interrupt
execution of the current program when an event occurs and pass control to another
program.
Exceptions are generated based on the execution context. Execution restarts from the
instruction that caused the exception.
Interrupts are generated independently of the execution context. The event is caused by
hardware.
Traps are generated based on the execution context. These include traps generated by
an operation within the program like a system call. Execution restarts from the
instruction following the instruction that caused the trap.
■ EIT Features
• Multiple interrupt support
• Level mask function for interrupts (15 levels are available to the user.)
• Trap instruction (INT)
• EITs for activating the emulator (hardware/software)
■ EIT Triggers
The following items can generate an EIT.
• Reset
• User interrupt (internal resources, external interrupts)
• NMI
• Delayed interrupt
• Undefined instruction exception
• Trap instruction (INT)
• Trap instruction (INTE)
• Step trace trap
• Coprocessor absent trap
• Coprocessor error trap
Note:
There are restrictions on the delay slot of branch instructions regarding EITs. For more details, see
"3.7 Branch Instructions".
■ Returning from EIT
To recover from EIT, issue RETI instruction.
72
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.8.1
EIT Interrupt Levels
Interrupt levels have the range 0 to 31 and are managed as a 5-bit value.
■ EIT Interrupt Levels
Table 3.8-1 lists the interrupt levels.
Table 3.8-1 Interrupt Levels
Level
Interrupt source
Binary
Decimal
00000B
0
(System reserved)
···
···
···
···
···
···
00011B
3
(System reserved)
00100B
4
00101B
5
(System reserved)
···
···
···
···
···
···
01110B
14
(System reserved)
01111B
15
NMI (for the user)
10000B
16
Interrupt
10001B
17
Interrupt
···
···
···
···
···
···
11110B
30
Interrupt
11111B
31
—
{
Remarks
If the original value of the ILM is between 16
and 31, values in this range cannot be set to the
ILM by the program.
INTE instruction
Step trace trap
When set to the ILM, user interrupts are
disabled.
When set to the ICR, the interrupt is disabled.
Levels 16 to 31 are available for the user.
The undefined instruction exception, coprocessor absent trap, coprocessor error trap, and INT instruction
are not affected by the interrupt level. Similarly, they do not change the ILM.
73
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ I Flag
This flag enables or disables interrupts. It is located in bit4 of the CCR in the PS.
Table 3.8-2 I Flag
Value
Function
0
Interrupts disabled
Cleared to "0" by the INT instruction
(However, the value saved on the stack is the value before the bit is cleared).
1
Interrupts enabled
Masking of interrupt requests is controlled by the value in ILM.
■ ILM
The ILM register is located in the PS register (bit20 to bit16) and stores the interrupt level mask value.
Only interrupt requests to the CPU with an interrupt level that has a higher priority than the level in the
ILM are accepted.
Level 0 (00000B) has the highest priority and level 31 (11111B) has the lowest priority.
Restrictions apply to the values that can be set by the program. When the original value is between 16 and
31, only new values between 16 and 31 can be set. Executing an instruction to set a value between 0 and 15
transfers the value "specified value + 16".
If the original value is between 0 and 15, any value between 0 and 31 can be set. The ST ILM instruction is
used to set any value.
■ Level Mask for Interrupts/NMI
When an NMI or interrupt request occurs, the interrupt level of that interrupt source (Refer to Table 3.8-1)
is compared with the level mask value held in the ILM. If the following condition is satisfied, the interrupt
is masked and the request not accepted:
Interrupt level of interrupt source ≥ Level mask value
74
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.8.2
Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
These are registers located in the interrupt controller and set the level for each interrupt
request. The Interrupt Control Register (ICR) registers are provided for each interrupt
request input. The Interrupt Control Register (ICR) registers are mapped in the I/O
memory space and are accessed by the CPU via the bus.
■ Interrupt Control Register (ICR) Bit Structure
Figure 3.8-1 shows the bit structure of the interrupt control register (ICR).
Figure 3.8-1 The Bit Structure of the Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
−
−
ICR4
R
ICR3
R/W
ICR2
R/W
ICR1
R/W
ICR0
R/W
Initial value
---111111B
[bit4] ICR4
Always "1".
[bit3 to bit0] ICR3 to ICR0
These are the lower 4 bits of the interrupt level for the interrupt request. They are readable and writable.
Including bit4, an Interrupt Control Register (ICR) can have values in the range 16 to 31.
■ ICR Mapping
Table 3.8-3 lists the interrupt source, interrupt control register and interrupt vector.
Table 3.8-3 Interrupt Source, Interrupt Control Register and Interrupt Vector
Interrupt Control Register
Interrupt
Source
IRQ00
IRQ01
IRQ02
IRQ03
···
···
IRQ126
IRQ127
Corresponding Interrupt Vector
No.
No.
Address
ICR00
00000440H
ICR01
00000441H
···
···
ICR63
0000047FH
Address
Hexadecimal
Decimal
10H
16
TBR+3BCH
11H
17
TBR+3B8H
12H
18
TBR+3B4H
13H
19
TBR+3B0H
···
···
···
···
···
···
3DH
142
TBR+1C4H
8FH
143
TBR+1C0H
• TBR initial value: "000FFC00H"
• For more details, see "CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER".
75
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.8.3
System Stack Pointer (SSP)
The System Stack Pointer (SSP) is used as the pointer to the stack used to save and
restore data on receiving or returning from an EIT.
■ System Stack Pointer (SSP)
Figure 3.8-2 shows the structure of the system stack pointer (SSP).
Figure 3.8-2 The Structure of the System Stack Pointer (SSP)
bit 31
0
Initial value
00000000H
SSP
The value of the System Stack Pointer (SSP) is decremented by 8 by EIT processing and incremented by 8
on returning from the EIT by the RETI instruction.
It is initialized to "00000000H" at reset.
When the S flag in the CCR is "0", the System Stack Pointer (SSP) can also function as R15 generalpurpose register.
■ Interrupt Stack
This is the area pointed to by the SSP and used to save and restore the PC and PS values.
After an interrupt occurs, the PC is placed at the address pointed to by SSP and the PS at the address
"SSP+4".
Figure 3.8-3 shows the interrupt stack.
Figure 3.8-3 Interrupt Stack
[Before interrupt]
SSP
80000000H
[After interrupt]
SSP
7FFFFFF8H
Memory
80000000H
7FFFFFFCH
7FFFFFF8H
76
80000000H
7FFFFFFCH
7FFFFFF8H
PS
PC
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.8.4
Table Base Register (TBR)
This register indicates the top address of the EIT vector table.
■ Table Base Register (TBR)
Figure 3.8-4 shows the structure of the table base register (TBR).
Figure 3.8-4 The Structure of the Table Base Register (TBR)
bit 31
0
Initial value
000FFC00H
TBR
The vector address for each EIT is calculated by adding the offset value for that EIT to the Table Base
Register (TBR).
It is initialized to "000FFC00H" at reset.
■ EIT Vector Table
The 1 Kbyte area starting from the address pointed to by TBR is the EIT vector area.
Each vector consists of four bytes. The following formula shows the relationship between the vector
number and vector address.
vctadr = TBR + vctofs
= TBR + (3FCH − 4 × vct)
vctadr: Vector address
vctofs: Vector offset
vct:
Vector number
The lower 2 bits of the addition result are always treated as "00B".
The initial vector table area after a reset is the area between "000FFC00H" and "000FFFFFH".
Special functions are assigned to some vectors. "000FFFFCH" and "000FFFF8H" are always assigned to the
reset vector and mode vector respectively, even if the TBR value is modified.
Maskable factors are determined by each model. For the vector table designed for MB91461/F467R, see
the interrupt vector table shown in "Table B-2".
77
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.8.5
Multiple EIT Processing
When more than one EIT occurs at the same time, the CPU repetitively performs the
following operations: select one EIT to accept, execute the EIT sequence, and then
detect the next EIT.
The CPU executes the handler instructions for the last EIT to be accepted when EIT
detection finds no more EITs that can be accepted.
Therefore, the sequence for executing the handlers for multiple EITs that occur at the
same time is determined by the following two factors:
• The priority of the accepting EITs
• How other EITs are masked when an EIT is accepted
■ Priority of Accepting EITs
The EIT acceptance priority is the priority order for selecting which EIT to execute. The EIT sequence
consists of saving the PS and PC, updating the PC (as required), and performing masking of other EITs.
Consequently, the handler of the first EIT to be accepted is not necessarily executed first.
Table 3.8-4 lists the priority order for accepting EITs and masking of other EITs.
Table 3.8-4 Priority Order for Accepting EITs and Masking of Other EITs
Priority for
accepting EITs
78
EIT
Masking of other EITs
1
Reset
Other EITs are cleared.
2
Instruction break
Other EITs are canceled. (ILM = 4)
3
INTE instruction
Other EITs are canceled. (ILM = 4)
4
Undefined instruction exception
Other EITs are canceled. (I flag = 0)
5
INT instruction/Coprocessor exception
I flag = 0
6
User interrupt
ILM = Level of accepted EIT
7
NMI (for the user)
ILM = 15
8
NMI (for the emulator)
Other EITs are canceled. (ILM = 4)
9
Step trace trap
Other EITs are canceled. (ILM = 4)
10
Operand break
Other EITs are canceled. (ILM = 4)
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
After accepting an EIT and performing masking of other EITs, the priority for executing the handlers of
EITs that occur at the same time is as shown in Table 3.8-5.
Table 3.8-5 Execution Priority for EIT Handlers
Handler Execution
Priority
EIT
1
Reset
2
Undefined instruction exception
3
Instruction break
4
INTE instruction
5
NMI (for the emulator)
6
Step trace trap
7
Operand break
8
NMI (for the user)
9
INT instruction/Coprocessor exception
10
User interrupt
Figure 3.8-5 shows the multiple EIT processing.
Figure 3.8-5 Multiple EIT Processing
Main routine
NMI handler
INT instruction
handler
Priority
(High) NMI occurrence
(Low) INT instruction execution
(1) Execute first
(2) Execute next
79
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.8.6
EIT Operation
This section describes EIT operations.
■ EIT Operation
In the following explanation, the transfer source "PC" contains the address of the instruction at which the
EIT was detected. Also, in the operation description, the "address of the next instruction" means that the
instruction that detected the EIT was as follows.
• For LDI:32.......PC + 6
• For LDI:20, COPOP, COPLD, COPST, COPSV.......PC + 4
• For all other instructions.......PC + 2
■ Operation of User Interrupts and NMI
When a user interrupt or user NMI interrupt request is generated, the following sequence determines
whether or not the request can be accepted.
[Determining whether an interrupt request can be accepted]
1) Compare the interrupt levels of any simultaneously occurring requests and select the interrupt with
the highest priority level (smallest level value).
As for maskable interruption, the value that corresponding ICR maintains is used as a comparison
level. Moreover, the constant is decided beforehand in NMI.
2) If more than one interrupt request with the same level is generated, select the interrupt request with
the lowest interrupt number.
3) If the interrupt level ≥ the level mask value, the interrupt request is masked and not accepted.
If the interrupt level < the level mask value, proceed to 4).
4) If the selected interrupt request is a maskable interrupt and the I flag is "0", the interrupt request is
masked and not accepted. If the I flag is "1", proceed to 5).
If the selected interrupt request is an NMI, proceed to 5) regardless of the I flag value.
5) If the above conditions are satisfied, the interrupt request is accepted at the end of the current
instruction processing.
If a user interrupt or NMI request is accepted when an EIT request is detected, the CPU operates as follows,
using the interrupt number corresponding to the accepted interrupt request.
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
[Operation]
1) SSP − 4 → SSP
2) PS → (SSP)
3) SSP − 4 → SSP
4) Address of the next instruction → (SSP)
5) Interrupt level of the accepted request → ILM
6) "0" → S flag
80
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
7) (TBR + vector offset of the received interrupt request) → PC
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
After the interrupt sequence is completed, the system checks whether any new EITs are present before
executing the first instruction of the handler. If an EIT that can be accepted is present, the CPU enters the
EIT processing sequence.
If the OR CCR, ST ILM, MOV Ri, or PS instruction is executed to enable an interrupt while a user
interrupt or NMI is being generated, the above instruction may be executed twice before and after the
interrupt handler. However, this does not affect the operation, as it only set the same value twice to the
registers in the CPU.
Do not perform any operation in expectation of the contents of the PS register before EIT branching in the
EIT processing routine.
■ Operation of the INT Instruction
INT #u8 instruction operates as follows:
Branches to the interrupt handler at the vector indicated by u8.
[Operation]
1) SSP − 4 → SSP
2) PS → (SSP)
3) SSP − 4 → SSP
4) PC + 2 → (SSP)
5) "0" → I flag
6) "0" → S flag
7) (TBR + 3FCH-4 × u8) → PC
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
■ Operation of the INTE Instruction
INTE instruction operates as follows:
Branches to the interrupt handler pointed to by vector #9.
[Operation]
1) SSP − 4 → SSP
2) PS → (SSP)
3) SSP − 4 → SSP
4) PC + 2 → (SSP)
5) "00100B" → ILM
6) "0" → S flag
7) (TBR + 3D8H) → PC
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
Do not use the INTE instruction during a processing routine for the INTE instruction or step trace trap.
The INTE does not generate an EIT during step execution.
81
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Operation of the Step Trace Trap
If the T flag in the SCR of the PS is set to enable the step trace function, a trap occurs after execution of
each instruction. The trap causes execution to break.
[Conditions for detecting a step trace trap]
• T flag = 1
• Not a delayed branch instruction
• Executing anything other than the processing routine for the INTE instruction and step trace trap
If the above conditions are satisfied, a break occurs at the end of the current instruction.
[Operation]
1) SSP − 4 → SSP
2) PS → (SSP)
3) SSP − 4 → SSP
4) Address of the next instruction → (SSP)
5) "00100B" → ILM
6) "0" → S flag
7) (TBR + 3CCH) → PC
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
The user NMI and user interrupts are disabled when the step trace trap is enabled by the T flag. Similarly,
the INTE instruction does not generate EITs.
In the FR family, a trap is generated from the instruction following the instruction in which the T flag was
set.
■ Operation of the Undefined Instruction Exception
The undefined instruction exception is generated if an undefined instruction is detected at instruction
decoding.
[Conditions for detecting an undefined instruction exception]
• An undefined instruction is detected at instruction decoding.
• The instruction is not in a delay slot (not located immediately after a delayed branch instruction).
If the above conditions are satisfied, an undefined instruction exception is generated and execution
breaks.
[Operation]
1) SSP − 4 → SSP
2) PS → (SSP)
3) SSP − 4 → SSP
4) PC → (SSP)
5) "0" → S flag
6) (TBR + 3C4H) → PC
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
The saved PC value is the address of the instruction that caused the undefined instruction exception.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Coprocessor Absent Trap
When a coprocessor instruction is executed to use an unmounted coprocessor, a coprocessor absent trap is
generated.
[Operation]
1) SSP − 4 → SSP
2) PS → (SSP)
3) SSP − 4 → SSP
4) Address of the next instruction → (SSP)
5) "0" → S Flag
6) (TBR + 3E0H) → PC
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
■ Coprocessor Error Trap
If an error occurs while using a coprocessor and then the coprocessor instruction that operates the
coprocessor is executed, a coprocessor error trap is generated.
[Operation]
1) SSP − 4 → SSP
2) PS → (SSP)
3) SSP − 4 → SSP
4) Address of the next instruction (SSP)
5) "0" → S Flag
6)(TBR + 3DCH) → PC
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
■ Operation of the RETI Instruction
The RETI instruction returns from an EIT processing routine.
[Operation]
1) (R15) → PC
2) R15 + 4 → R15
3) (R15) → PS
4) R15 + 4 → R15
Note: ( ) represents the address that the register points to in the operation sequence below.
The RETI instruction must be executed when the S flag is "0".
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.9
Operating Modes
This section describes the operating modes of the FR family.
■ Overview of the Operating Modes
The FR family uses the bus mode and the access mode as its operating modes.
■ Bus Mode
The bus mode controls operations of the built-in ROM and external access function. It is set by the values
of the mode setup pins (MD2, MD1, MD0) and ROMA bit in the mode data.
■ Access Mode
This mode controls the external data bus width. It is set by the values of the WTH1 and WTH0 bits in the
mode register as well as the DBW0 bit in ACR0 to ACR3 (Area Configuration Register).
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.9.1
Bus Mode
The following three bus modes are available to the FR family.
For more details, see "3.1 Memory Space".
■ Bus Mode 0 (Single Chip Mode)
In this mode, access to the internal I/O, F-bus RAM and F-bus ROM (FLASH) is valid, but not to other
areas.
The external pins function as peripheral resources or general-purpose ports. They do not function as bus
pins.
Note: This mode cannot be used for MB91461.
■ Bus Mode 1 (Built-in ROM & External Bus Mode)
In this mode, the internal I/O, F-bus RAM and F-bus ROM (FLASH) are valid. Access to an externally
accessible area becomes access to external space. Some external pins function as bus pins.
Note: This mode cannot be used in MB91461.
■ Bus Mode 2 (External ROM & External Bus Mode)
In this mode, access to the internal I/O and F-bus RAM is enabled but access to F-bus ROM (FLASH) is
disabled. As a result, all access can be provided for external space. Some external pins function as bus pins.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.9.2
Mode Setting
The operating modes of the FR family are set by the mode pins (MD2, MD1, MD0) and
mode register (MODR).
■ Mode Pins
There are three mode pins - MD2, MD1 and MD0. These pins specify how the mode vector fetch is
performed.
Table 3.9-1 shows setting for the mode vector fetch.
Table 3.9-1 Setting for the Mode Vector Fetch
Mode Pins
Mode Name
Reset Vector
Access Area
Remark
MD3
MD2
MD1
MD0
0
0
0
0
Built-in ROM mode vector
Internal
* Setting prohibited in MB91461
0
0
0
1
External ROM mode vector
External
Bus width specified by the mode register
*: Always set MD3 at "0". However, settings that are not listed in the table are prohibited.
Note:
The FR family does not support the external mode vector fetch by a multiplexed bus.
■ Mode Register (MODR)
The data to be written to the mode register by the mode vector fetch is called mode data. For the mode
vector fetch, see "3.10.3 Reset Sequence".
After an operating mode has been set in the mode register (MODR), the device operates in this operating
mode.
MODR is set by all types of reset. User programs cannot write data to MODR.
Reference:
Traditionally, no data is present at the addresses "000007FFH" of the mode register when using in
the FR family.
Rewriting is enabled in the emulator mode. Use 8-bit data transfer instructions in this mode.
16-bit and 32-bit transfer instructions cannot write data.
Figure 3.9-1 shows the details of the mode register.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[Details of the mode register]
Figure 3.9-1 Details of the Mode Register
MODR
Address: bit
000FFFF8H
7
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
ROMA WTH1 WTH0
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
[bit7 to bit3] Reserved bits
Always set these bits to "00000B".
Operation is not guaranteed when other values are set.
[bit2] ROMA (built-in ROM enable bit)
This bit specifies whether to validate the internal F-bus RAM and F-bus ROM (FLASH) areas.
ROMA
Function
Remark
0
External
ROM mode
Validates the Internal F-bus RAM. The built-in ROM area
("40000H" to "FFFFFH") becomes an external area.
1
Built-in
ROM mode
Validates the Internal F-bus RAM and F-bus ROM (FLASH).
Note: Set "0" in MB91461.
[bit1, bit0] WTH1 and WTH0 (bus width setting bits)
These bits set the bus width that is valid when the external bus mode is selected.
When the external bus mode is in use, the values are set at BW1 and BW0 bits of AMD0 (CS0 area).
Table 3.9-2 Function
WTH1
WTH0
Function
Remark
0
0
8-bit bus width
External bus mode
0
1
16-bit bus width
External bus mode
1
0
-
Setting disabled
1
1
Single chip mode
Single chip mode
Note: The single chip mode cannot be used in MB91461.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
Note:
It is necessary to store the mode data to set it to the mode vector into 000FFFF8H as byte data.
Because the big endian is used as byte endian in the FR family, please store the mode data into
MSB of bit31 to bit24 as shown in Figure 3.9-2.
Figure 3.9-2 Notes of Mode Data
Error
bit 31
24 23
16 15
8 7
000FFFF8H
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
bit 31
Correct 000FFFF8H
000FFFFCH
88
0
MODR
24 23
16 15
8 7
0
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
MODR
B
B
B
Reset Vector
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.10
Reset (Device Initialization)
This section describes reset operations that initialize the devices of MB91461/F467R.
■ Overview of Reset (Device Initialization)
When a reset source occurs, the device stops operations of all programs and hardware and performs
initialization. This state is called reset state.
When the reset source is released, the device restarts the program and hardware operations from the initial
state. The series of operations from this reset state through the start of program and hardware operations is
called reset sequence.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.10.1
Reset Level
The reset operation of MB91461/F467R is divided into two levels. The occurrence factor
and initialization type of each reset differ.
This section describes these two reset levels.
■ Setting Initialization Reset (INIT)
The most powerful reset level, which initializes all settings, is called setting initialization reset (INIT).
The following items are initialized by INIT.
[Items that are initialized by INIT]
Device operating mode (bus mode and external bus width settings)
All settings related to internal clocks (clock source selection, PLL control, division ratio settings)
All settings related to the CS0 area of the external bus
All settings related to the status of other pins
All settings to be initialized by operation initialization reset (RST)
For details, see the description of each function.
After power-on, always execute INIT at the INITX pin.
■ Operation Initialization Reset (RST)
The normal reset level, which initializes program operation, is called operation initialization reset (RST).
RST occurs at the same time as INIT.
The following items are initialized by RST.
[Items that are initialized by RST]
Program operation
CPU and internal bus
Register settings of peripheral circuits
I/O port settings
All settings related to the CS0 area of the external bus
For details, see the description of each function.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.10.2
Reset Source
This section describes the reset sources of the MB91461/F467R and the reset levels to
be generated.
Past reset sources can be obtained by reading the reset source register (RSRR). (For
details of the registers and flags appearing in each description, see "3.11.5 Block
Diagram of Clock Generation Control Block" and "3.11.6 Registers in the Clock
Generation Control Block").
■ INITX Pin Input (Setting Initialization Reset Pin)
The INITX pin is an external pin that functions as a setting initialization reset pin.
A setting initialization reset (INIT) request is generated when a "L" level signal is input to the INITX pin.
The INIT request is released by inputting a "H" level signal to the INITX pin.
When INIT is generated by a request from this pin, the INIT bit (bit15) in RSRR (reset source register) is
set. INIT generated by this request is the most powerful reset of all reset sources and takes priority over all
inputs, operations, and status.
Always execute INIT at the INITX pin immediately after power-on. Also retain a "L" level input to the
INITX pin to secure the oscillation stabilization wait time of the requested oscillation circuit. (Executing
INIT at the INITX pin initializes the set oscillation stabilization wait time to the minimum value.)
Occurrence source:
"L" level input to the external INITX pin
Release source:
"H" level input to the external INITX pin
Occurrence level:
Setting initialization reset (INIT)
Corresponding flag: INIT bit (bit15)
■ Writing to the SRST Bit in STCR (Software Reset)
A software reset request occurs when "0" is written to the SRST bit (bit4) of the standby control register
(STCR).
The software reset request is an operation initialization reset (RST) request.
The software reset request is released when that request is accepted and RST is generated.
When the software reset request generates RST, the SRST bit (bit11) in RSRR is set.
When the SYNCR bit (bit9) in the time-base counter control register (TBCR) is set, RST is not generated
by the software reset request until all bus access stops.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
For this reason, it may take a long time until RST is generated, depending on the bus usage status.
Occurrence source:
Writing "0" to the SRST bit (bit4) in STCR
Release source:
Operation initialization reset (RST) generated
Occurrence level:
Operation initialization reset (RST)
Corresponding flag: SRST bit (bit11)
Operating mode setting bits
■ Watchdog Reset
Writing data to the watchdog timer control register (RSRR) starts the watchdog timer. If A5H and 5AH are
not written subsequently to the watchdog reset occurrence delay register (WPR) within the cycle set by the
WT1 and WT0 bits (bit9 and bit8) in the RSRR, a watchdog reset request occurs.
The watchdog reset request is the setting initialization reset (INIT) request. When INIT or RST occurs, the
accepted watchdog reset request is released.
If INIT is generated by the watchdog reset request, the WDOG bit (bit13) in the reset source register
(RSRR) is set.
If INIT is generated by the watchdog reset request, the set oscillation stabilization wait time is not
initialized.
Occurrence source:
Elapse of set watchdog timer cycle
Release source:
Generation of setting initialization reset (INIT) or operation initialization reset
(RST)
Occurrence level:
Setting initialization reset (INIT)
Corresponding flag: WDOG bit (bit13)
■ Hardware Watchdog Reset
The hardware watchdog timer starts immediately after INITX is released. INIT is issued when the counter
overflows after the timer remains uncleared for a certain amount of time.
Occurrence source:
Elapse of set hardware watchdog timer cycle
Release source:
Generation of setting initialization reset (INIT) or operation initialization reset
(RST)
Occurrence level:
Setting initialization reset (INIT)
Corresponding flag: HWDCS bit (bit10)
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.10.3
Reset Sequence
When the reset source is released, the device starts execution of the reset sequence.
The reset sequence operation differs for each reset level.
This section describes such operation at the different levels.
■ Setting Initialization Reset (INIT) Release Sequence
When the setting initialization reset (INIT) request is released, the device executes the following operations
in sequence:
1) Releases INIT and switches the oscillation stabilization waiting state
2) Retains operation initialization reset (RST) state during oscillation stabilization wait time (bit3 and
bit2: OS1 and OS0 in STCR) and stops the internal clock
3) Sets RST and starts internal clock operation
4) Releases RST and switches to the normal operation state
5) Reads mode vector from address 000FFFF8H
6) Writes the mode vector to the mode register (MODR) at address 000007FDH
7) Reads reset vector from address 000FFFFCH
8) Writes the reset vector to the program counter (PC)
9) Starts program operation at the address indicated by PC
■ Operation Initialization Reset (RST) Release Sequence
When the RST request is released, the device executes the following operations in sequence:
1) Releases RST and switches to the normal operation state
2) Reads mode vector from address 000FFFF8H
3) Writes the mode vector to the mode register (MODR) at address 000007FDH
4) Reads reset vector from address 000FFFFCH
5) Writes the reset vector to the program counter (PC)
6) Starts program operation at the address indicated by PC
Note:
As for the reset generated at a time other than stop and shutdown, some RAM contents may be
destroyed.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.10.4
Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
The device automatically switches to the oscillation stabilization wait state when it
returns from a state in which the original oscillation stopped, or may have stopped.
This function disables use of unstable oscillator output after oscillation has started.
During the oscillation stabilization wait time, supply of internal and external clock stops
and only the built-in time-base counter operates. The device waits for the elapse of the
stabilization wait time set by the standby control register (STCR).
This section details the oscillation stabilization wait operation.
■ Oscillation Stabilization Wait Factors
The oscillation stabilization wait factors are shown below.
● When setting initialization reset (INIT) is released
Immediately after INIT has been released by various factors, the device switches to the oscillation
stabilization wait state.
After the oscillation stabilization wait time has elapsed, the device switches to operation initialization
reset (RST) state.
● At return from the stop mode
Immediately after the stop mode has been released, the device switches to the oscillation stabilization
wait state. However, if the stop mode is released by the setting initialization reset (INT) request, the
device switches to the INIT state. It switches to the oscillation stabilization wait state after INIT has
been released.
After the oscillation stabilization wait time has elapsed, the device switches to the state corresponding
to the stop mode release factor.
At return due to input of valid external interrupt request (including NMI): The device switches to the
normal operation state.
At return due to the INIT request: The device switches to RST state.
● At return due to error state occurrence when PLL is selected
If a PLL control error (*) occurs when the PLL is operating as a source clock, the device automatically
switches to the oscillation stabilization wait time to secure the PLL lock time.
After the oscillation stabilization wait time has elapsed, the device switches to the normal operation
state.
(*): Change of multiply rate during use of PLL and PLL operation enable bit error, etc.
● When a hardware watchdog reset occurs
When a hardware watchdog reset occurs, internal reset is issued during 1024 cycles of the original
oscillation clock. As the internal reset sets the OS1 and OS0 bits of the STCR to "0" (initial value),
oscillation stabilization wait is not performed.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
● At return from the shutdown mode
Immediately after the shutdown mode has been released, the device switches to the oscillation
stabilization wait state. However, if the shutdown mode is released by the setting initialization reset
(INIT) request, the device switches to the INIT state. It switches to the oscillation stabilization wait
state after INIT has been released.
A signal from the external oscillator or the internal oscillation circuit that is divided by 218 is used as
the oscillation stabilization wait time.
■ Selection of Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time
The built-in time-base counter is used to count the oscillation stabilization wait time.
When the device switches to the oscillation stabilization wait state because an oscillation stabilization wait
factor occurs, the built-in time-base counter starts counting the oscillation stabilization wait time after it has
been initialized once.
The OS1 and OS0 bits (bit3 and bit2) in the standby control register (STCR) can be used to select and set
one of the four oscillation stabilization wait times.
The set oscillation stabilization wait time can be initialized by setting initialization reset (INIT) at the
external INITX pin, return from the shutdown mode, or hardware watchdog reset. At other resets such as
the INIT by watchdog reset and the operation initialization reset (RST), the oscillation stabilization wait
time that was set before the reset is held.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.10.5
Reset Operation Modes
Operation initialization reset (RST) usually supports two modes: ordinary
(asynchronous) reset mode, and synchronous reset mode. Use the SYNCR bit (bit9) in
the time-base counter control register (TBCR) to select the mode.
The set reset mode can be initialized only by the setting initialization reset (INIT).
INIT is always executed asynchronously.
This section describes operations of these reset modes.
■ Ordinary Reset Operation
Immediate switching to the RST state when the RST request occurs is called ordinary reset.
When the RST request is accepted in the ordinary reset mode, the device immediately switches to the RST
state, regardless of the internal bus access state.
The result of bus access being performed when this mode switches to another mode is not guaranteed.
However, the bus access request is always accepted.
When the SYNCR bit (bit9) in the TBCR is "0", the device operates in the ordinary reset mode.
The initial value after INIT has occurred is the ordinary reset mode.
■ Synchronous Reset Operation
Switching to the RST state after all bus accesses have stopped when the RST request occurs is called
synchronous reset.
Even if the RST request is accepted in the synchronous reset mode, the device does not switch to the RST
state if the internal bus is being accessed.
When the above request is accepted, a sleep request is issued to the internal buses. When each bus stops
operation and switches to the sleep state, the device switches to the RST state.
All bus accesses stop when the synchronous reset mode switches to another mode and the results of all bus
accesses are guaranteed.
However, if bus access does not stop for some reason, each request cannot be accepted. (Even in this case,
INIT becomes valid immediately.)
Bus access does not stop in the following cases:
Reference:
• The DMA controller does not delay device switching to each state because it stops transfer when
it receives a request.
• When the SYNCR bit (bit9) in the TBCR is "1", it indicates the synchronous reset mode.
• For using software reset on the synchronous mode, see the limitations of the bit9:SYNCR bit of
TBCR (time-base timer counter control register).
After INIT has occurred, the initial value returns to the ordinary reset mode.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11
Clock Generation Control
This section describes clock generation control.
■ Internal Clock Generation
The internal clocks of the MB91461/F467R are generated as shown below.
Source clock:
This clock is generated by dividing a signal from the X0 or X1 pin, or a signal from the internal
oscillation circuit by two.
Base clock generation:
The base clock is generated by selecting either the source clock divided by 2 or the PLL oscillation
clock.
Generation of each internal clock:
Dividing the base clock generates four different types of operating clocks to be supplied to different
parts of the device.
Generation and control of each clock is described below.
For details of the registers and flags in the following descriptions, see "3.11.5 Block Diagram of Clock
Generation Control Block" and "3.11.6 Registers in the Clock Generation Control Block".
■ Selection of Clock
This section describes selection of the source clock.
The source clock is generated by connecting the resonator to pins X0 and X1 (external oscillation pins),
oscillating using the internal oscillation circuit, and then dividing this signal by two.
All clocks including the external bus clock are supplied by MB91461/F467R itself.
An internal base clock is generated by selecting one of the following clocks:
• Source clock divided by two
• Clock generated by using PLL to multiply the clock that is directly input from the internal oscillation
circuit or pins X0 and X1.
Clock selection is controlled by the setting of the clock source control register (CLKR).
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11.1
PLL Control
Operation (oscillation) enable/disable and multiply rate settings can be controlled for
PLL oscillation circuits corresponding to the main clock.
Such settings are controlled by setting the clock source control register (CLKR),
PLLDIVM and PLLDIVN (multiply rate setting registers). This section describes control
of these PLL settings.
■ Enabling PLL Operation
Oscillation enable/disable for the main PLL is controlled according to the setting of the PLL1EN bit (bit10)
in the CLKR.
PLL1EN is initialized to "0" after setting initialization reset (INIT) has been executed and PLL oscillation
is stopped. When PLL oscillation is stopped, PLL output cannot be selected as the source clock.
When program operation is started, fist, set the multiply rate for the PLL and enable PLL oscillation. Then,
switch the clock after the PLL lock wait time has elapsed. In this case, the time-base timer interrupt should
be used to indicate the end of the PLL lock wait time.
When PLL output is selected as the base clock, the PLL operation cannot be stopped (write operations to
the corresponding register is ignored). Before stopping the PLL e.g. when the device switches to the stop
mode, reselect the source clock divided by two as the base clock.
When the OSCD1 and OSCD2 bits (bit0 and bit1) in the standby control register (STCR) are set so that
oscillation stops in the stop mode, the PLLs also automatically stop when the device switches to the stop
mode. When the device subsequently returns from the stop mode, the PLLs automatically start oscillation.
When these bits are set so that oscillation does not stop in the stop mode, the PLLs do not stop
automatically. In this case, if required, set operation to stop before the device switches to the stop mode.
■ PLL Multiply Rate
The PLL multiply rate is set by the PLLDIVM and PLLDIVN registers.
All bits of both registers are initialized to "0" after setting initialization reset (INIT) has been executed.
[PLL multiply rate setting]
To change the PLL multiply rate setting to its initial value, set the rate after starting program operation
or before enabling PLL operation. After modifying the multiply rate, switch the source clock to PLL
clock when the lock wait time has elapsed. In this case, the time-base timer interrupt should be used to
indicate that the PLL lock wait time is over.
When changing the PLL multiply rate setting during operation, first, switch the source clock to a clock
other than the appropriate PLL. After changing the multiply rate, switch the source clock back to PLL
clock, as described above, when the lock wait time has elapsed.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11.2
Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time and PLL Lock Wait
Time
When a clock selected as the source clock is not in a stable operating state, oscillation
stabilization wait time is required. (See "3.10.4 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time".)
After PLLs start operation, lock wait time is required until the output stabilizes to the set
frequency level.
This section describes wait time in each case.
■ Wait Time after Power-on
After power-on, it is necessary to input a "L" level signal to the INITX pin (setting initialization reset pin).
In this state, the lock wait time need not be considered because no PLL operation is enabled.
■ Wait Time after Setting Initialization
When setting initialization reset (INIT) is released, the device switches to the oscillation stabilization wait
state. In this state, the oscillation stabilization wait time is generated internally.
In this state, the lock wait time need not be considered because no PLL operation is enabled.
■ Wait Time after PLL Operation is Enabled
When operation of the inactive PLL is enabled after program operation has started, PLL output cannot be
used before the lock wait time has elapsed.
If the PLL is not selected as the source clock, program operation can be executed even during the lock wait
time.
In this case, the time-base timer interrupt should be used to indicate that the PLL lock wait time is over.
■ Wait Time after the PLL Multiply Rate is Changed
When the multiply rate setting of the operating PLL is changed after program operation has been started,
PLL output cannot be used unless the lock wait time has elapsed.
If the PLL is not selected as the source clock, program operation can be executed even during the lock wait
time.
In this case, the time-base timer interrupt should be used to indicate that the PLL lock wait time is over.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Wait Time after Return from the Stop Mode
When the device switches to the stop mode after program operation had been started, the oscillation
stabilization wait time set by the program is internally generated at cancellation of that mode.
If the oscillation circuit for the clock of the clock source is set to stop in the stop mode, the oscillation
stabilization wait time of the oscillation circuit or the lock wait time of the PLL being used, whichever is
longer, becomes necessary. Set the oscillation stabilization wait time before switching the device to the stop
mode.
When the oscillation circuit for the clock of the clock source is set not to stop in the stop mode, PLLs are
not stopped automatically. Therefore, oscillation stabilization wait time is not required unless PLLs are
stopped. Set the oscillation stabilization wait time to the minimum value before entering the stop mode.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11.3
Clock Distribution
Operating clocks for each function are created from the base clock generated from the
selected clock.
The device has three internal operating clocks. The division ratio of each of these
clocks can be set independently.
This section describes such operating clocks.
■ CPU Clock (CLKB)
The CPU clock is used by the CPU, internal memory, and internal buses.
The following circuits use the CPU clock.
• CPU
• Built-in RAM
• Bit search module
• I-bus, D-bus, X-bus, F-bus
• DMA controller
• DSU
The operable upper frequency limit is 80 MHz. Do not set combinations of multiply rate and division ratio
that exceed this upper frequency limit.
■ Peripheral Clock (CLKP)
The peripheral clock is used by peripheral circuits and peripheral buses.
The following circuits use this clock.
• Peripheral bus
• Clock control block (bus interface block only)
• Interrupt controller
• Peripheral I/O ports
• I/O port bus
• External interrupt input
• LIN-UART
• 16-bit timer
• A/D converter
• Free-run timer
• Reload timer
• Up/down counter
• Input capture
• Output compare
• I2C interface
• PPG
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
The operable upper frequency limit is 20 MHz. Do not set combinations of multiply rate and division ratio
that exceed this upper frequency limit.
■ External Bus Clock (CLKT)
The external bus clock is used by the external extension bus interface.
The following circuits use the external bus clock.
• External extension bus interface
• External Clock output
The operable upper frequency limit is 40 MHz. Do not set combinations of multiply rate and division ratio
that exceed this upper frequency limit.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11.4
Clock Division
The division ratio of each internal operating clock can be set independently from the
base clock. This function enables setting of the optimum operating frequency for each
circuit.
■ Setting the Division Ratio
The division ratio is set by the basic clock division setting register 0 (DIVR0) and basic clock division
setting register 1 (DIVR1).
DIVR0 and DIVR1 each have 4 setting bits corresponding to each clock. "Register setting value + 1" is the
division ratio for the base clock. Even if the set division ratio is an odd number, the duty is always 50%.
When the register setting value is changed, the new division ratio becomes valid from the rising edge of the
next clock after setting.
■ Initializing the Division Ratio Setting
Division ratio setting is not initialized if an operation initialization reset (RST) occurs, and the division
ratio setting before RST occurs is held. The division ratio setting is initialized only when the setting
initialization reset (INIT) occurs. In the initial state, the division ratios of all clocks other than the
peripheral clock (CLKP) are "1". For this reason, always set a division ratio before changing the clock
source to a faster one.
Note:
The operable upper frequency limit is specified for each clock. Operation is not guaranteed if the
operable upper frequency limit is exceeded as a result of the combined source clock selection, PLL
multiply rate setting, and division ratio setting. Take care not to make a mistake in the change setting
sequence for source clock selection.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11.5
Block Diagram of Clock Generation Control Block
Figure 3.11-1 shows the block diagram of the clock generation control block.
For details of the registers in the diagram, see "3.11.6 Registers in the Clock
Generation Control Block".
■ Block Diagram of Clock Generation Control Block
Figure 3.11-1 Block Diagram of Clock Generation Control Block
[Clock generation block]
Selector
External bus
clock division
Stop control
Peripheral
clock division
Selector
CPU clock division
CPU clock
Peripheral clock
External bus clock
CLKR Register
Oscillation
circuit
1/2
Source clock
Selector
X0
X1
Selector
R-bus
DIVR0, DIVR1
Registers
Selector
PLL
1/2
Base clock
Hardware
Watchdog
X0A
X1A
Oscillation
circuit
CR
Oscillation
circuit
[Stop/sleep control block]
Internal interrupt
STGR
Register
Internal reset
Stop state
State
transition
control
circuit
Sleep state
Reset
occurrence F/F
Reset
occurrence F/F
Internal reset (RST)
Internal reset (INIT)
[Reset source circuit]
INITX pin
RSRR Register
MB91461
MB91F467R
[Watchdog control block]
WPR Register
Watchdog F/F
Time-base counter
Counter clock
CTBR Register
Selector
TBCR Register
Interrupt enabled
104
Overflow
detection F/F
Time-base timer
interrupt request
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11.6
Registers in the Clock Generation Control Block
This section describes the registers in the clock generation control block.
■ RSRR: Reset Source Register and Watchdog Timer Control Register
Figure 3.11-2 shows the structure of the reset source register and watchdog timer control register.
Figure 3.11-2 The Structure of the Reset Source Register and Watchdog Timer Control Register
RSRR
bit
Address: 000480H
Read/Write
Initial value (INITX pin)
Initial value (INIT)
Initial value (RST)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
INIT
(R)
1
*
X
Reserved
WDOG
(R)
0
*
X
Reserved
SRST
(R)
0
X
*
Reserved
WT1
(R/W)
0
0
0
WT0
(R/W)
0
0
0
(R)
X
X
X
(R)
X
X
X
(R)
X
X
X
* : Initialized depending on the reset source
X: Not initialized
RSRR is used to retain the preceding reset source, set the cycle of the watchdog timer and control the
watchdog timer start.
When this register is read, the held reset source is cleared. If a reset occurs several times before the register
is read, several reset resource flags are accumulated and set.
The watchdog timer is started when this register is written to. Watchdog timer operation continues until
RST occurs.
[bit15] INIT: External reset occurrence flag
This bit indicates whether reset (INIT) was caused by input to the INITX pin.
Table 3.11-1 External Reset Occurrence Flag
Value
Function
0
INIT not caused by input to INITX pin
1
INIT caused by input to INITX pin
This bit is cleared to "0" immediately after being read.
The bit is read only. Write does not affect other bit values.
Upon power-on, supply the "L" level to the INITX pin which is 8ms or greater. Otherwise, the flag may
not be set.
[bit14] Reserved bit
This bit is reserved.
105
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit13] WDOG: Watchdog reset occurrence flag
This bit indicates whether reset (INIT) was caused by the watchdog timer.
Table 3.11-2 Watchdog Reset Occurrence Flag
Value
Function
0
INIT not caused by watchdog timer
1
INIT caused by watchdog timer
This bit is cleared to "0" when reset (INIT) is caused by input to the INITX pin upon power-on or
immediately after it is read.
The bit is read only. Write does not affect other bit values.
[bit12] Reserved bit
This bit is reserved.
[bit11] SRST: Software reset occurrence flag
This bit indicates whether reset (RST) is caused by data write (software reset) to the SRST bit of the
STCR register.
Table 3.11-3 Software Reset Occurrence Flag
Value
Function
0
RST not caused by software reset
1
RST caused by software reset
This bit is cleared to "0" when reset (INIT) is caused by input to the INITX pin upon power-on or
immediately after it is read.
The bit is read only. Write does not affect other bit values.
[bit10] Reserved bit
This bit is reserved.
106
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit9, bit8] WT1 and WT0: Watchdog timer interval select bits
These bits are used to set the watchdog timer cycle.
Select one of the four watchdog timer cycles from the table below by writing the values to these bits.
Table 3.11-4 Watchdog Timer Interval Select Bits
Minimum writing interval to
WPR required to control
watchdog reset occurrence
Duration between last 5AH
writing to WPR and occurrence
of watchdog reset
WT1
WT0
0
0
φ × 216 [Initial value]
φ × 216 to φ × 217
0
1
φ × 218
φ × 218 to φ × 219
1
0
φ × 220
φ × 220 to φ × 221
1
1
φ × 222
φ × 222 to φ × 223
("φ" represents the base clock cycle.)
These bits are initialized to "00B" at reset (RST).
They are read only. Only the first write after reset (RST) is valid and subsequent writes are invalid.
107
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ STCR: Standby Control Register
Figure 3.11-3 shows the structure of the standby control register.
Figure 3.11-3 The Structure of the Standby Control Register
STCR
bit
Address: 000481H
7
6
4
3
2
1
0
HIZ
SRST
OS1
OS0
Reserved
OSCD1
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
X
X
1
1
0
X
1
X
X
X
X
STOP SLEEP
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value (INITX pin)
0
Initial value (INIT)
0
Initial value (RST)
5
0
This register is used to control the device operating mode.
It switches toe device to the stop or sleep mode (standby mode) and controls the pins in the stop mode and
oscillation stop. It also sets the oscillation stabilization wait time and issues a software reset instruction.
Note:
When selecting a standby mode, always use the following sequence while the synchronous standby
mode is in use. The synchronous standby mode is set by the bit8: SYNCS of the time-base counter
control register (TBCR).
(LDI#value_of_standby,R0) ; "value_of_standby" represents write data to STCR
(LDI#_STCR,R12)
; "_STCR" is the STCR address (481H)
STB
; Writing to STCR
R0,@R12
LDUB @R12,R0
; Reading from STCR for synchronous standby
LDUB @R12,R0
; Dummy reading from STCR again
NOP
; NOP × 5 to adjust the timing
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
[bit7] STOP: STOP mode bit
This bit is used to instruct the device to switch to the stop mode. It has priority over bit6 (SLEEP bit)
when "1" is written to both bits. Therefore, the device switches to the STOP mode.
Table 3.11-5 STOP Mode Bit
Value
Function
0
The device does not switch to the stop mode [Initial value]
1
The device switches to the stop mode
This bit is initialized to "0" when reset (RST) or a stop return factor occurs.
This bit is readable and writable.
108
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit6] SLEEP: SLEEP mode bit
This bit is used to instruct the device to switch to the sleep mode. Bit7 (STOP bit) has priority over this
bit when both bits are "1". Therefore, the device switches to the stop mode.
Table 3.11-6 SLEEP Mode Bit
Value
Function
0
The device does not switch to the sleep mode [Initial value]
1
The device switches to the sleep mode
This bit is initialized to "0" when reset (RST) or a sleep return factor occurs.
This bit is readable and writable.
[bit5] HIZ: Hi-Z mode bit
This bit is used to control the pin state when the device is in the stop mode.
Table 3.11-7 Hi-Z Mode Bit
Value
Function
0
Holds the pin state before the device switches to the stop mode.
1
Sets pin output to the high-impedance state when the device is in the stop
mode [Initial value]
This bit is initialized to "1" at reset (INIT).
This bit is readable and writable.
[bit4] SRST: Software reset bit
This bit is used to issue the software reset (RST) instruction.
Table 3.11-8 Software Reset Bit
Value
Function
0
Issues the software reset instruction
1
Does not issue the software reset instruction [Initial value]
This bit is initialized to "1" at reset (RST).
This bit is readable and writable and the read value is always "1".
Note:
For using software reset on the synchronous mode, see the limitations of the bit9:SYNCR bit of
TBCR (time-base timer counter control register).
109
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit3, bit2] OS1 and OS0: Oscillation stabilization wait time select bits
These bits set the oscillation stabilization wait time after a reset (INIT) or after a return to the stop
mode.
The table below shows the combination of values written to these bits and the four associated oscillation
stabilization wait times.
Table 3.11-9 Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time Select Bits
MB91461
OS1
OS0
Oscillation
stabilization
wait time
0
0
0
MB91F467R
When the
original
oscillation is
18 MHz
When the
original
oscillation is
4 MHz
When the
original
oscillation is
32.768kHz
φ × 21
[Initial value]
0.44 µs
1µs
61µs
1
φ × 211
0.46 ms
1ms
62.5µs
1
0
φ × 216
14.6 ms
32ms
2s
1
1
φ × 222
0.93 s
2s
128s
"φ" represents the base clock cycle.
These bits are initialized to "00B" at reset (INIT) caused by input to the INITX pin.
These bits are readable and writable.
[bit1] Reserved bit
This bit is reserved.
[bit0] OSCD1: Oscillation stop bit
This bit controls stop operation of the oscillation circuits in the stop mode
Table 3.11-10 Oscillation Stop Bit
Value
Function
0
Oscillation does not stop in the stop mode
1
Oscillation stops in the stop mode [Initial value]
This bit is initialized to "1" at reset (INIT).
This bit is readable and writable.
110
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ TBCR: Time-base Counter Control Register
Figure 3.11-4 shows the structure of the time-base counter control register.
Figure 3.11-4 The Structure of the Time-base Counter Control Register
TBCR
bit
Address: 000482H
Read/Write
Initial value (INIT)
Initial value (RST)
15
14
13
12
11
10
TBIF
R/W
0
TBIE
R/W
0
TBC2
R/W
X
TBC1
R/W
X
TBC0
R/W
X
Reserved
0
0
X
X
X
X
R/W
X
9
8
SYNCR SYNCS
R/W
R/W
0
0
X
X
This register controls time-base timer interrupts.
The register enables time-base timer interrupts and selects the interrupt interval time.
[bit15] TBIF: Time-base timer interrupt flag
This bit serves as the time-base timer interrupt flag.
The bit indicates that the interval time set by the time-base counter (set at bit13 to bit11: TBC2 to
TBC0) has passed.
When this bit is set to "1" while interrupt occurrence is enabled by the TBIE bit (bit14: TBIE = 1), a
time-base timer interrupt request is generated.
Table 3.11-11 Time-base Timer Interrupt Flag
Clearing factor
"0" written by instruction
Setting factor
Elapse of the set interval time
(falling edge of time-base counter output detected)
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset (RST).
This bit is readable and writable. However, only "0" can be written. Writing "1" does not change the bit
value.
The read value of read-modify-write (RMW) instructions is always "1".
[bit14] TBIE: Time-base timer interrupt enable bit
This bit enables output of the time-base timer interrupt request.
The bit controls the interrupt request output caused by the elapse of the interval time to which the timebase counter was set. When this bit is set to "1", a time-base timer interrupt request is generated when
bit15 (TBIF bit) is set to "1".
Table 3.11-12 Time-base Timer Interrupt Enable Bit
Value
Function
0
Disables time-base timer interrupt request output [Initial value]
1
Enables time-base timer interrupt request output
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset (RST).
This bit is readable and writable.
111
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit13 to bit11] TBC2, TBC1, TBC0: Time-base timer counter select bits
These bits set the interval time of the time-base counter used for the time-base timer.
The table below shows the combination of values written to these bits and their associated 8 intervals.
Table 3.11-13 Time-base Timer Counter Select Bits
TBC2
TBC1
TBC0
Timer interval time
When the original
oscillation is 18 MHz and
PLL is multiplied by 4
0
0
0
φ × 211
28.4 µs
0
0
1
φ × 212
56.9 µs
0
1
0
φ × 213
114 µs
0
1
1
φ × 222
58.3 ms
1
0
0
φ × 223
117 ms
1
0
1
φ × 224
233 ms
1
1
0
φ × 225
466 ms
1
1
1
φ × 226
932 ms
"φ" represents the base clock cycle.
The initial values of these bits are undefined. Always set a value before enabling an interrupt.
These bits are readable and writable.
[bit10] Reserved bit
This bit is reserved. The read value is undefined and write has no effect.
[bit9] SYNCR: Synchronous reset enable bit
This bit is a synchronous reset enable bit.
When an operation initialization reset (RST) request is generated, this bit selects an ordinary reset
operation that immediately causes a RST, or a synchronous reset operation that causes RST after all bus
access has stopped.
Table 3.11-14 Synchronous Reset Enable Bit
Value
Function
0
Causes ordinary reset operation [Initial value]
1
Causes synchronous reset operation
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset (INIT).
This bit is readable and writable. As MB91461/F467R only supports the synchronous reset, set the bit to
"1" when writing to this register.
112
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
Note:
Be sure to meet the following two conditions before setting "0" to the SRST bit of STCR (standby
control register) when the software reset is used on the synchronous mode.
• Set the interrupt enable flag (I-Flag) to interrupt disabled (I-Flag = 0).
• Not used NMI.
[bit8] SYNCS: Synchronous standby enable bit
This bit enables synchronous standby operation.
When generating a standby request (sleep mode request or stop mode request), this bit selects either the
ordinary standby operation in which a transition to the standby state is only caused by a write to the
control bit of the STCR register, or the synchronous standby operation in which a transition to the
standby state is caused by reading the STCR register after writing to the control bit of the STCR
register.
Table 3.11-15 Synchronous Standby Enable Bit
Value
Function
0
Performs ordinary standby operation [Initial value]
1
Performs synchronous standby operation
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset (INIT).
Note:
Always set "1" to set synchronous standby operation when transition to the standby mode.
113
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ CTBR: Time-base Counter Clear Register
Figure 3.11-5 shows the structure of the time-base counter clear register.
Figure 3.11-5 The Structure of the Time-base Counter Clear Register
CTBR
bit
Address: 000483H
Read/Write
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D7
(W)
X
D6
(W)
X
D5
(W)
X
D4
(W)
X
D3
(W)
X
D2
(W)
X
D1
(W)
X
D0
(W)
X
This register initializes the time-base counter.
When "A5H" and "5AH" are written consecutively to this register, all bits of the time-base counter are
cleared to "0" immediately after a write to "5AH". There is no time restriction between the "A5H" write and
"5AH" write. However, when data other than "5AH" is written after the "A5H" write, the time-base counter
is not cleared even when "5AH" is written unless "A5H" is written again.
The read value from this register is undefined.
Note:
When the time-base counter is cleared using this register, the oscillation stabilization wait interval,
watchdog timer cycle, and time-base timer cycle change temporarily.
114
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ CLKR: Clock Source Control Register
Figure 3.11-6 shows the structure of the clock source control register.
Figure 3.11-6 The Structure of the Clock Source Control Register
CLKR
bit
15
Address: 000484H
Reserved
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value (INIT)
0
Initial value (RST)
X
14
13
12
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
11
10
9
8
SCKEN PLL1EN CLKS1 CLKS0
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
This register selects the clock source used as the base clock for the system and controls the PLL.
This register selects one of two types of clock sources.
[bit15 to bit12] Reserved bits
These bits are reserved. Always set them to "0".
[bit11] SCKEN: Sub clock selection enable bit
This bit enables sub clock selection. Modifying the sub clock selection enable bit (SCKEN) while the
sub clock is selected as the clock source (CLKS[1:0]=11B) is prohibited (the result is not guaranteed).
Modify the setting only when the main clock is selected. (See the explanation for the clock source
selection bits (CLKS[1:0]) for details of how to change the clock source.) This bit is not installed on
MB91461. Bit 11 is a reserved bit on MB91461.
Table 3.11-16 Sub Clock Selection Enable Bit
Value
Function
0
Disables sub clock selection [Initial value]
1
Enables sub clock selection
[bit10] PLL1EN: PLL enable bit
This bit enables PLL operation.
Do not rewrite this bit when PLL is selected as the clock source. Also, do not select PLL as the clock
source when this bit is set to "0" (due to the settings of bit9 and bit8: CLKS1 and CLKS0).
If bit0:OSCD1 of the STCR is "1", PLLs stop even when this bit is set to "1" during the stop mode. The
PLL operation is enabled after returning from the stop mode.
Table 3.11-17 PLL Enable Bit
Value
Function
0
Stops PLLs [Initial value]
1
Enables PLL operation
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset (INIT). This bit is readable and writable.
115
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit9, bit8] CLKS1 and CLKS0: Clock source select bits
These bits set the clock source to be used for the device.
Two clock sources are available for selection and the values to be written to these bits are as shown in
the table below.
While CLKS1 (bit9) is "1", the value of CLKS0 (bit8) cannot be changed.
Table 3.11-18 Changing Example of Clock Source Select Bits
Unmodifiable Combination
Modifiable Combination
"00B" → "01B" or "10B"
"00B" → "11B"
"01B" → "11B" or "00B"
"01B" → "10B"
"10B" → "00B"
"10B" → "01B" or "11B"
"11B" → "01B"
"11B" → "00B" or "10B"
Table 3.11-19 Clock Source Select Bits
CLKS1
CLKS0
Clock Source Setting
0
0
Original oscillation input from X0/X1, divided by 4 [Initial value] (MB91461)
Original oscillation input from X0/X1, divided by 2 [Initial value]
(MB91F467R)
0
1
Original oscillation input from X0/X1, divided by 4 (MB91461)
Original oscillation input from X0/X1, divided by 4 (MB91F467R)
1
0
PLL (Main Clock)
1
1
Sub Clock (Setting disabled in MB91461)
These bits are initialized to "00B" at reset (INIT).
These bits are readable and writable.
116
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ WPR:Watchdog Reset Generation Postponement Register
Figure 3.11-7 shows the structure of the watchdog reset generation postponement register.
Figure 3.11-7 The Structure of the Watchdog Reset Generation Postponement Register
WPR
bit
Address: 000485H
Read/Write
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D7
(W)
X
D6
(W)
X
D5
(W)
X
D4
(W)
X
D3
(W)
X
D2
(W)
X
D1
(W)
X
D0
(W)
X
This register postpones generation of the watchdog reset.
When "A5H" and "5AH" are written consecutively to this register, the detection FF of the watchdog timer is
cleared immediately after the "5AH" write to postpone generation of the watchdog reset.
There is no minimum time restriction between the "A5H" write and the "5AH" write. However, when data
other than "5AH" is written after the "A5H" write, the detection FF of the watchdog timer is not cleared
even when "5AH" is written unless "A5H" is written again.
Table 3.11-20 shows a correlation between the watchdog reset generation interval and the RSRR register
values.
The watchdog reset is generated if writing of both data is not completed within the specified period. The
duration until watchdog reset generation and the write interval required to postpone the generation depend
on the state of WT1 (bit9) and WT0 (bit8) of the RSRR register.
Table 3.11-20 Interval of Watchdog Reset Generation
Minimum writing interval to WPR,
required for control of RSRR
watchdog reset generation
Time between last "5AH" writing to
WPR and watchdog reset generation
WT1
WT0
0
0
φ × 216 [Initial value]
φ × 216 to φ × 217
0
1
φ × 218
φ × 218 to φ × 219
1
0
φ × 220
φ × 220 to φ × 221
1
1
φ × 222
φ × 222 to φ × 223
"φ" represents the base clock cycle. WT1 (bit9) and WT0 (bit8) of the RSRR register are used to set the
watchdog timer cycle.
During a time when the CPU is not operating, such as stop, sleep, and DMA transfer, clearing is performed
automatically. Therefore, when these conditions occur, the watchdog reset is postponed automatically.
However, when a hold request for the external bus (BRQ) is accepted, the watchdog reset is not postponed.
For this reason, to hold the external bus for a long period, switch to the sleep mode before inputting the
BRQ.
The read value of this register is undefined.
117
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ DIVR0: Base Clock Division Setting Register 0
Figure 3.11-8 shows the structure of the base clock division setting register 0.
Figure 3.11-8 The Structure of the Base Clock Division Setting Register 0
DIVR0
bit
15
Address: 000486H
B3
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value (INIT)
0
Initial value (RST)
X
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
B2
(R/W)
0
X
B1
(R/W)
0
X
B0
(R/W)
0
X
P3
(R/W)
0
X
P2
(R/W)
0
X
P1
(R/W)
1
X
P0
(R/W)
1
X
This register controls the base clock division ratio of each internal clock.
It sets the division ratio of the clock for the CPU and internal buses (CLKB), and the clock for peripheral
circuits and peripheral buses (CLKP).
Note:
The upper operation frequency limit is defined for each clock. Note that operation is not guaranteed if
the upper frequency limit is exceeded by a combination of the source clock selection, PLL multiply
rate setting, and division ratio setting. Take care not to make any mistakes in the setting order of
change of the source clock selection.
When this register setting is modified, the new division ratio becomes valid from the next clock rate.
118
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit15 to bit12] B3, B2, B1, B0: CLKB division select bits
These bits set the division ratio for the CPU clock (CLKB), internal memory, and internal buses.
In accordance with the combination of values written to these bits, one base clock division ratio (clock
frequency) is selected from the 16 shown in the table below for the CPU and internal bus clocks.
The operable upper frequency limit is 75 MHz. Do not set a division ratio causing a frequency that
exceeds this limit.
Table 3.11-21 CLKB Division Select Bits
Clock division ratio
Clock frequency: When the original
oscillation is 18 MHz and
the PLL multiply rate is 4
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
φ
72.0 MHz [Initial value]
0
0
0
1
φ × 2 (2 divisions)
36.0 MHz
0
0
1
0
φ × 3 (3 divisions)
24.0 MHz
0
0
1
1
φ × 4 (4 divisions)
18.0 MHz
0
1
0
0
φ × 5 (5 divisions)
14.4 MHz
0
1
0
1
φ × 6 (6 divisions)
12.0 MHz
0
1
1
0
φ × 7 (7 divisions)
10.3 MHz
0
1
1
1
φ × 8 (8 divisions)
9.0 MHz
···
···
···
···
1
1
1
1
···
φ × 16 (16 divisions)
···
4.5 MHz
"φ" represents the base clock cycle.
These bits are initialized to "0000B" at reset (INIT).
These bits are readable and writable.
119
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit11 to bit8] P3, P2, P1, P0: CLKP division select bits
These bits set the division ratio for the peripheral clock (CLKP).
They set the division ratio for the peripheral circuit and peripheral bus clocks (CLKP).
In accordance with the combination of values written to these bits, one base clock division ratio (clock
frequency) is selected from the 16 shown in the table below for the peripheral circuit and peripheral bus
clocks.
The operable upper frequency limit is 20 MHz. Do not set a division ratio causing a frequency that
exceeds this limit.
Table 3.11-22 CLKP Division Select Bits
Clock division ratio
P2
P1
P0
0
0
0
0
φ
72.0 MHz
0
0
0
1
φ × 2 (2 divisions)
36.0 MHz
0
0
1
0
φ × 3 (3 divisions)
24.0 MHz
0
0
1
1
φ × 4 (4 divisions)
18.0 MHz [Initial value]
0
1
0
0
φ × 5 (5 divisions)
14.4 MHz
0
1
0
1
φ × 6 (6 divisions)
12.0 MHz
0
1
1
0
φ × 7 (7 divisions)
10.3 MHz
0
1
1
1
φ × 8 (8 divisions)
9.0 MHz
···
···
···
···
1
1
1
1
···
φ × 16 (16 divisions)
"φ" represents the base clock cycle.
These bits are initialized to "0011B" at reset (INIT).
These bits are readable and writable.
120
Clock frequency: When the original
oscillation is 18 MHz and
the PLL multiply rate is 4
P3
···
4.5 MHz
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ DIVR1: Base Clock Division Setting Register 1
Figure 3.11-9 shows the structure of the base clock division setting register 1.
Figure 3.11-9 The Structure of the Base Clock Division Setting Register 1
DIVR1
bit
7
Address: 000487H
T3
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value (INIT)
0
Initial value (RST)
X
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T2
(R/W)
0
X
T1
(R/W)
0
X
T0
(R/W)
0
X
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
This register controls the base clock division ratio of each internal clock.
It sets the division ratio of the clock for the external extension bus interface (CLKT).
Note:
The upper operation frequency limit is defined for each clock. Note that operation is not guaranteed if
the upper frequency limit is exceeded by a combination of the source clock selection, PLL multiply
rate setting, and division ratio setting. Take care not to make any mistakes in the setting order of
change of the source clock selection.
When this register setting is modified, the new division ratio becomes valid from the next clock rate.
121
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit7 to bit4] T3, T2, T1, T0: CLKT division select bits
These bits set the division ratio for the external bus clock (CLKT).
They set the division ratio for the clock of the external extension bus interface (CLKT).
In accordance with the combination of values written to these bits, one base clock division ratio (clock
frequency) is selected from the 16 shown in the table below for the clock of the external extension bus
interface.
The operable upper frequency limit is 40 MHz. Do not set a division ratio causing a frequency that
exceeds this limit.
Table 3.11-23 CLKT Division Select Bits
Clock division ratio
T2
T1
T0
0
0
0
0
φ
72.0 MHz [Initial value]
0
0
0
1
φ × 2 (2 divisions)
36.0 MHz
0
0
1
0
φ × 3 (3 divisions)
24.0 MHz
0
0
1
1
φ × 4 (4 divisions)
18.0 MHz
0
1
0
0
φ × 5 (5 divisions)
14.4 MHz
0
1
0
1
φ × 6 (6 divisions)
12.0 MHz
0
1
1
0
φ × 7 (7 divisions)
10.3 MHz
0
1
1
1
φ × 8 (8 divisions)
9.0 MHz
···
···
···
···
1
1
1
1
···
φ × 16 (16 divisions)
"φ" represents the base clock cycle.
These bits are initialized to "0000B" at reset (INIT).
These bits are readable and writable.
[bit3 to bit0] Reserved bits
These bits are reserved.
122
Clock frequency: When the original
oscillation is 18 MHz and
the PLL multiply rate is 4
T3
···
4.5 MHz
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ CSCFG: Clock Source Configuration Register
This register controls the main clock oscillation in sub clock mode.
This register is not installed on MB91461.
Figure 3.11-10 Clock Source Configuration Register
CSCFG
bit
7
6
Address: 0004AEH EDSUEN PLLLOCK
Read/Write (R/W)
(R)
Initial value (INIT)
0
X
Initial value (RST)
X
X
5
4
3
2
1
0
RCSEL
(R/W)
0
X
Reserved
CSC3
(R/W)
0
X
CSC2
(R/W)
0
X
CSC1
(R/W)
0
X
CSC0
(R/W)
0
X
(R/W)
0
X
[bit7] EDSUEN: EDSU/MPU enable bit
EDSUEN
Function
0
EDSU/MPU is (clock) disabled [Initial value]
1
EDSU/MPU is (clock) enabled
[bit6] PLLLOCK: PLL lock bit
PLLLOCK
Function
0
In the state where PLL is not locked
1
In the state where PLL is locked
[bit5] RCSEL: CR oscillator selector bit
RCSEL
Function
0
CR oscillation is set to 100 kHz [Initial value]
1
CR oscillation is set to 2 MHz
The selected oscillation frequency is applied to the clock control unit, flash security unit (change the
oscillation to 2 MHz if CRC generation speed needs to be increased) and real-time clock.
100 kHz is always applied to the hardware watchdog (CR-base watchdog) regardless of this setting.
[bit4] Reserved bit
This bit is a reserved bit.
123
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit3 to bit0] CSC3 to CSC0: Clock Source Select bits
124
CSC3 to CSC0
Function
--00B
Real-time clock source is main clock oscillation
--01B
Real-time clock source is subclock oscillation
--10B
Real-time clock source is CR oscillation
--11B
Setting disabled
-0--B
Subclock calibration source is subclock oscillation
-1--B
Subclock calibration source is CR oscillation
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.11.7
Peripheral Circuits in the Clock Control Block
This section describes the peripheral circuit functions in the clock control block.
■ Time-base Counter
The clock control block has a 26-bit time-base counter that operates using base clocks.
The time-base counter is used to count the oscillation stabilization wait time (see "3.10.4 Oscillation
Stabilization Wait Time") as well as for the following uses.
Watchdog timer:
The watchdog timer for detecting malfunction of the system uses bit output of the time-base counter
for counting.
Time-base timer:
The time-base counter output is used to generate interval interrupts.
● Watchdog timer
The watchdog timer detects the system malfunction by using a time-base counter output. When the
watchdog reset generation delay is no longer caused during the set interval due to the program
malfunction, the watchdog timer generates the setting initialization reset (INIT) request as a watchdog
reset. The watchdog timer explained here is different from the hardware watchdog timer explained in
Chapter 7. It enters a stop state immediately after reset.
[Watchdog timer activation]
The watchdog timer is started by a write to the 1st RSRR (reset factor register / watchdog timer control
register) after a reset (RST).
At this point, the watchdog timer interval time is set using bit9 and bit8 (WT1 and WT0). Only the
interval time set by the first write is valid and all intervals set by succeeding writes are ignored.
[Watchdog reset generation delay]
After the watchdog timer is started, the program must write data to WPP (watchdog reset generation
delay register) regularly in the order of "A5H", "5AH".
This operation initializes the watchdog reset generation flag.
[Watchdog reset generation]
The watchdog reset generation flag is set by the falling edge of the time-base counter output at the set
interval. When the flag is still set at detection of the second falling edge, the watchdog timer generates a
setting initialization reset (INIT) request as a watchdog reset.
125
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[Watchdog timer stop]
After the watchdog timer is started, it cannot be stopped until the operation initialization reset (RST) is
generated.
In the following conditions, where RST is generated, the watchdog timer stops and does not function
until it is restarted by the program:
- Operation initialization reset (RST) state
- Setting initialization reset (INIT) state
- Oscillation stabilization wait reset (RST) state
[Watchdog timer temporary stop (delay of automatic generation)]
When the CPU program operation is stopped, the watchdog timer initializes the watchdog reset
generation flag, delaying generation of the watchdog reset. Stop of the program operation means that
the program is in one of the following states:
- Sleep state
- Stop state
- Oscillation stabilization wait run state
- Breaking the program by using the emulator debugger or the monitor debugger
- Period from execution of INTE instruction to execution of RETI instruction
- Step trace trap
(Break per instruction with the T flag of the PS register being 1)
- Instruction cache control registers (ISIZE and ICHCR)
Data to cache memory in the RAM mode
When the time-base counter is cleared, the watchdog reset generation flag is also initialized at the same
time, delaying generation of a watchdog reset.
If the state listed above is caused by system malfunction, a watchdog reset may not be generated. In this
case, perform a reset (INIT) by using the external INITX pin.
Time-base timer
The time-base timer is an interval interrupt generation timer that uses the output of the time-base
counter. The timer is suitable for counting a relatively long duration of up to {base clock × 226} cycles,
such as PLL lock wait time.
When the falling edge of output of the time-base counter for the set interval is detected, the time-base
timer generates a time-base timer interrupt request.
126
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[Time-base timer start and interval setting]
The time-base timer sets an interval time by using bit13 to bit11 (TBC2, TBC1, TBC0) of TBCR (timebase counter control register).
The falling edge of output of the time-base counter for the set interval is always detected. Therefore,
after setting an interval time, clear bit15 (TBIF bit), and then set bit14 (TBIE bit) to "1" to enable the
interrupt request output.
When changing the interval time, set bit14 (TBIE bit) to "0" in advance to disable the interrupt request
output.
The time-base counter is always counting and is not affected by these settings. To obtain an accurate
interval interrupt time, clear the time-base counter before enabling an interrupt. When not clearing, an
interrupt request might occur immediately after an interrupt is enabled.
[Clearing time-base counter by program]
When data is written to CTBR, in the order of "A5H", "5AH", all bits of the time-base counter are cleared
to 0 immediately after "5AH" is written. There are no restrictions on the time between "A5H" and "5AH".
However, if data other than "5AH" is written after "A5H" is written, the counter is not cleared even when
"5AH" is written unless "A5H" is written again.
When the time-base counter is cleared, the watchdog reset generation flag is initialized at the same time,
delaying generation of the watchdog reset.
[Clearing the time-base counter at the device state]
All bits of the time-base counter are simultaneously cleared to "0" in transition to the following device
state:
- Stop state
- Setting initialization reset (INIT) state
In the stop state, particularly, the time-base counter is used for counting the oscillation stabilization wait
time, so the time-base timer interval interrupt may be generated unintentionally.
Therefore, before setting the stop mode, disable the time-base timer interrupt, and do not use the timebase timer.
In other states, the operation initialization reset (RST) is generated, so the time-base timer interrupts are
automatically disabled.
Interval timer
This is a 23-bit timer that is not affected by clock source selection or division setting. The interval timer
is synchronized with the source clock to count up.
127
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.12
PLL Interface
This section describes PLL multiply settings.
Figure 3.12-1 shows the block diagram of PLL.
Figure 3.12-1 Block Diagram of PLL
Clock Unit
XIN1
PLL Interface
PLL
Crystal
or clock input
PLLIN
X
1/G
1/M
CK
Phase correction
M
U
X
FB
1/N
Clock Tree
CLKB
CLKP
CLKT
M
U
X
FB1 delay
■ Features
The multiply rate is determined by two dividers that are enabled to set any value ranging from 1 to 64.
Clock automatic gear up-down function preventing voltage drops and voltage surges
128
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.12.1
Registers for the PLL Interface
This section describes the registers for the PLL interface.
■ PLLDIVM: PLL Divider M
Figure 3.12-2 shows the structure of the PLL divider M.
Figure 3.12-2 The Structure of the PLL Divider M
PLLDIVM
bit
Address: 00048CH
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
Reserved
DVM5
DVM4
DVM3
DVM2
DVM1
DVM0
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value
0
PLLDIVM is one of the dividers included in the PLL feedback loop. This divider determines the PLL
multiply rate along with PLLDIVN. PLLDIVM also divides PLL oscillation output. It is used as divider
that generates a clock affecting the following clock unit.
[bit7, bit6] Reserved bits
These bits are reserved. Their read value is "0".
[bit5 to bit0] DVM5 to DVM0: PLLDIVM division setting value
The division number varies as shown below, depending on the value set to DVM5 to DVM0.
Table 3.12-1 PLLDIVM Division Setting Value
DVM5 to DVM0
Division No.
000000B
1 (No division)
000001B
2
000010B
3
000011B
4
000100B
5
000101B
6
000110B
7
000111B
8
······
······
111111B
64
129
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
Notes:
• Although the division number can be set to "1" (no division), it is recommended to set it to "2" or
greater.
Please select an even number for the division number to ensure the duty ratio of PLL output is
50%.
• When PLL is selected as the clock source (CLKS[1:0] = 10B), the PLLDIVM value cannot be
changed.
130
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ PLLDIVN: PLL Divider N
Figure 3.12-3 shows the structure of the PLL divider N.
Figure 3.12-3 The Structure of the PLL Divider N
PLLDIVN
bit
Address: 00048DH
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
Reserved
DVN5
DVN4
DVN3
DVN2
DVN1
DVN0
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value
0
PLLDIVN is one of the dividers included in the PLL feedback loop. This divider determines the PLL
multiply rate along with PLLDIVM.
[bit7, bit6] Reserved bits
These bits are reserved. Their read value is "0".
[bit5 to bit0] DVN5 to DVN0: PLLDIVN division setting value
The division number varies as shown below, depending on the value set to DVN5 to DVN0.
Table 3.12-2 PLLDIVN Division Setting Value
DVN5 to DVN0
Division No.
000000B
1 (No division)
000001B
2
000010B
3
000011B
4
000100B
5
000101B
6
000110B
7
000111B
8
······
······
111111B
64
Note:
When PLL is selected as the clock source (CLKS[1:0] = 10B), the PLLDIVN value cannot be
changed.
131
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ PLLDIVG
PLLDIVG
bit
7
Address: 00048EH
Reserved
Read/Write
R/W
Initial value
(INITX pin input,
0
watchdog reset)
Initial value
0
(Software reset)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
R/W
R/W
R/W
DVG3
R/W
DVG2
R/W
DVG1
R/W
DVG0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X
[bit7 to bit4] Reserved bits
Always write "0" to these bits.
[bit3 to bit0] DVG3 to DVG0: Select divide-by-G for PLL automatic gear start/stop
DVG3 to DVG0
Start/Stop frequency for dividing PLL output by G (Generationf: Base clock)
0000B
Automatic gear disabled (Initial value)
0001B
Source (FCL-PLL): 2 (divide by 2)
0010B
Source (FCL-PLL): 3 (divide by 3)
0011B
Source (FCL-PLL): 4 (divide by 4)
0100B
Source (FCL-PLL): 5 (divide by 5)
0101B
Source (FCL-PLL): 6 (divide by 6)
0110B
Source (FCL-PLL): 7 (divide by 7)
0111B
Source (FCL-PLL): 8 (divide by 8)
......
.....
1111B
Source (FCL-PLL): 16 (divide by 16)
Notes: • Although an odd division ratio (3, 5, 7, etc.) can be selected for divide-by-G counter, such value
is not a recommended value. Always select an even division ratio (2, 4, 6, etc.).
• The register value cannot be changed (CLKS[1:0]=10B) if PLL is selected as a clock source.
• Please set to 0000B (initial value) when not use the automatic gear function.
132
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ PLLMULG
PLLMULG
bit
Address: 00048FH
Read/Write
Initial value
(INITX pin input,
watchdog reset)
Initial value
(Software reset)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MLG7
R/W
MLG6
R/W
MLG5
R/W
MLG4
R/W
MLG3
R/W
MLG2
R/W
MLG1
R/W
MLG0
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
[bit7 to bit0] MLG7 to MLG0: Select step multiplication factor for dividing PLL automatic gear by G
MLG7 to MLG0
Step multiplication factor for dividing by G
00000000B
Divide-by-G step x 1 (multiply by 1)
00000001B
Divide-by-G step x 2 (multiply by 2)
00000010B
Divide-by-G step x 3 (multiply by 3)
00000011B
Divide-by-G step x 4 (multiply by 4)
00000100B
Divide-by-G step x 5 (multiply by 5)
00000101B
Divide-by-G step x 6 (multiply by 6)
00000110B
Divide-by-G step x 7 (multiply by 7)
00000111B
Divide-by-G step x 8 (multiply by 8)
......
.....
11111111B
Divide-by-G step x 256 (multiply by 256)
Notes: • The register value cannot be changed (CLKS[1:0]=10B) if PLL is selected as a clock source.
• When the automatic gear function is not used, this register is not used.
133
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ PLLCTRL
PLLCTRL
bit
7
Address: 000490H
Reserved
Read/Write
R/W
Initial value
(INITX pin input,
0
watchdog reset)
Initial value
0
(Software reset)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
R/W
R/W
R/W
IEDN
R/W
GRDN
R/W
IEUP
R/W
GRUP
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X
[bit7 to bit4] Reserved bits
The read value is always "0".
[bit3] IEDN: Interrupt enable gear down bit
IEDN
Function
0
Disables gear down interrupt (Initial value)
1
Enables gear down interrupt
[bit2] GRDN: Interrupt flag gear down bit
GRDN
Function
0
Gear down interrupt is inactive (Initial value)
1
Gear down interrupt is active
• If the divide-by-G counter reaches to a programmed end value, this flag is set when a clock source is
switched from PLL to clock source oscillation.
• "1" is read from this bit when a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction is used. Writing "1" to this bit
does not affect the operation.
[bit1] IEUP: Interrupt enable gear up bit
IEUP
134
Function
0
Disables gear up interrupt (Initial value)
1
Enables gear up interrupt
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit0] GRUP: Interrupt flag gear up bit
GRUP
Function
0
Gear up interrupt is inactive (Initial value)
1
Gear up interrupt is active
• If the divide-by-G counter reaches to an end value defined in the divide-by-M counter, this flag is set
when a clock source is switched from oscillation to clock source PLL.
• "1" is read from this bit when a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction is used. Writing "1" to this bit
does not affect the operation.
135
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.12.2
Examples of PLL Multiply Rate Setting
This section shows examples of PLL setting
The table below shows setting examples for PLLDIVM and PLLDIVN.
The output of the PLL oscillator should be set within a range from 80 MHz to 170 MHz.
Table 3.12-3 Examples of PLL Multiply Rate Setting (1 / 2)
PLL input clock
[MHz]
136
PLLDIVM Setting PLLDIVN Setting
Output of PLL
Oscillator [MHz]
PLL Output
(Output to Clock Unit) [MHz]
4
20
2
160
8
4
14
3
168
12
4
10
4
160
16
4
8
5
160
20
4
8
6
192
24
4
6
7
168
28
4
6
8
192
32
4
6
9
192
36
4
4
10
160
40
4
4
11
176
44
4
4
12
192
48
4
2
19
152
76
4
2
20
160
80
10
2
8
160
80
10
3
5
150
50
10
3
6
180
60
10
4
4
160
40
10
4
5
200
50
10
5
3
150
30
10
5
4
200
40
10
6
3
180
30
10
8
2
160
20
10
9
2
180
20
10
10
2
200
20
12
3
5
180
60
12
4
4
192
48
12
5
3
180
36
12
7
2
168
24
12
8
2
192
24
14
3
4
168
56
14
4
3
168
42
14
6
2
168
28
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
Table 3.12-3 Examples of PLL Multiply Rate Setting (2 / 2)
PLL input clock
[MHz]
PLLDIVM Setting PLLDIVN Setting
Output of PLL
Oscillator [MHz]
PLL Output
(Output to Clock Unit) [MHz]
14
7
2
196
28
16
2
5
160
80
16
3
4
192
64
16
4
3
192
48
16
5
2
160
32
16
6
2
192
32
18
3
3
162
54
18
5
2
180
36
20
2
4
160
80
20
3
3
180
60
20
4
2
160
40
20
5
2
200
40
137
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Clock Automatic Gear Up-Down
In the PLL interface, a circuit that allows the clock to gear up and gear down smoothly is implemented to
prevent voltage drops and surges when a clock source is switched from oscillation to high-frequency PLL
output (or vice versa).
The main function is implemented using two division counters (divide-by-M counter and divide-by-G
counter). A target frequency is specified for PLL feedback in the divide-by-M counter. In another counter,
the divide-by-G counter, a frequency is increased from a programmable division specified in the Divide-byG setting (DIVG) to a target frequency specified in the M division setting (DIVM) and then the frequency
is decreased from the M division setting (DIVM) to a programmable end frequency (DIVG).
If the system clock is modified from a low-frequency to a high-frequency (gear up) or from a highfrequency to a low-frequency (gear down), only the setting with DIVG > DIVM becomes valid clock gear
specification.
Frequency steps are executed at PLL output frequency multiplier as follows. Oscillator = 4 MHz, M = 2,
and N = 20. (This means that if PLL output = 160 MHz and frequency output to C unit = 80 MHz, the
frequency multiplier becomes M × N = 40.)
The gear divider can be set to any even-numbered divider. In this example, G = 20 and a gear up is
performed when the clock source is switched from oscillation to PLL.
1. Step: 1-cycle 8.0 MHz (8.0 MHz is a 20-cycle PLL output.)
2. Step: 2-cycle 8.4 MHz (8.4 MHz is a 19-cycle PLL output.)
3. Step: 3-cycle 8.8 MHz (8.8 MHz is an 18-cycle PLL output.)
:
17. Step: 17-cycle 40.0 MHz (40.0 MHz is a 4-cycle PLL output.)
18. Step: 18-cycle 53.3 MHz (53.3 MHz is a 3-cycle PLL output.)
19. Step: 19-cycle 80.0 MHz (80.0 MHz is a 2-cycle PLL output.)
→ Target frequency reached by the transition to the last step (from 18. to 19. in this example)
If a multiplication value is set in the gear multiplication factor register, each step is multiplied. The time
from when a start frequency is generated to the time when a target frequency is reached can be calculated
using the following formula.
i
⎛ i
⎞
⎜
duration = mul Þ t Þ ∑ k Þ ( i – k + 1 ) – ∑ k Þ ( i – k + 1 )⎟
⎜
⎟
⎝k = 1
⎠
k = j+1
This formula is the same as the one below (the finite arithmetic series of the first addition term result to the
below).
i
⎛
⎞
i
Þ
(
i
+
1
)
Þ
(
i
+
2
)
⎜
duration = mul Þ t Þ ---------------------------------------------- – ∑ k Þ ( i – k + 1 )⎟
⎜
⎟
6
⎝
⎠
k = j+1
i = G, j = G - M, mul = MULG, t = 1/f(pllout)
138
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
The above setting is equivalent to 1483 PLL output clock cycles. With this 1483 PLL output clock cycles,
the time from the start frequency to the target frequency is 9262500 ps (about 9.3 s).
Note:
Before using the clock automatic gear function, it is recommended to use the gear up and gear down
flags (PLLCTRL.GRUP and PLLCTRL.GRDN) to evaluate the current status of this function. This can
prevent error operations that are caused by changing the setting before the completion from occurring in
the clock system.
Procedure example:
1. Set PLL interface registers (PLLDIVN, PLLDIVM, PLLDIVG, PLLMULG) according to the
selected frequency and gear time.
2. Set PLL to ON (CLKR.PLL1EN=1).
3. Enable the corresponding interrupts (PLLCTRL.IEUP, PLLCTRL.IEDN) if an interrupt is received
after a gear up or gear down switching.
4. Wait until PLL stabilization wait time.
5. Set base clock division registers (DIV0, DIV1).
6. Switch the clock source to PLL (CLKR.CLKS "00B" → "10B).
7. Wait for until PLLCTRL.GRUP gear up flag (polling or interrupt) before switching the clock
source back to oscillation, or confirm the PLLCTRL.GRUP=1 setting before changing bits in the
CLKR register.
8. Switch the clock source to oscillation (CLKR.CLKS "10B" → "00B").
9. Wait for until PLLCTRL.GRDN gear down flag (polling or interrupt) before switching the clock
source back to PLL, or confirm the PLLCTRL.GRDN=1 setting before changing bits in the CLKR
register.
10. Set PLL to OFF (CLKR.PLL1EN=0).
139
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.13
Device State Control
This section describes the states and control of the MB91461/F467R.
■ Overview of the Device State Control
The following device states are available in the MB91461/F467R.
• Run state (normal operation)
• Sleep state
• Stop state
• Shutdown state
• Oscillation stabilization wait run state
• Oscillation wait reset (RST) state
• Operation initialization reset (RST) state
• Setting initialization reset (INIT) state
The above device states as well as the sleep and stop modes designed for low-power consumption mode are
detailed below.
140
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.13.1
Device States and Transitions
Figure 3.13-1 shows the device states and transitions of the MB91461/F467R.
■ Device States
Figure 3.13-1 Device States
Priority levels of
transition requests
1 INITX pin = 0 (INIT)
2 INITX pin = 1 (INIT released)
3 Oscillation stabilization wait completed
4 Reset (RST) released
5 Software reset (RST)
6 Sleep (interrupt written)
7 Stop (interrupt written)
8 Shutdown (interrupt written)
9 Interrupt
10 External interrupt requiring no clock
11 Watchdog reset (INIT)
(Including hardware watchdog)
Power-on
Highest
1
Lowest
Setting initialization reset (INT)
Oscillation stabilization wait end
Operation initialization reset (RST)
Interrupt request
Stop (shutdown)
Sleep
Setting initialization
(INT)
2
1
Shutdown
10
1
Oscillation stabilization
wait reset
Stop
1
8
10
1
Oscillation
stabilization wait run
3
Program reset
(RST)
3
7
5
1
6
Sleep
RUN
1
4
11
1
9
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Operation States of the Device
The MB91461/F467R has the following operation states.
● Run state (normal operation)
This is the state in which the program runs.
In the run state, all the internal clocks are supplied and all the circuits are operable. However, the bus clock
for the 16-bit peripheral bus is stopped when the peripheral bus is not accessed.
Transition requests for each state are accepted. However, if the synchronous reset mode is selected, state
transitions responding to some requests operate differently from the normal reset mode.
For more details, see "3.10.5 Reset Operation Modes" - "■ Synchronous Reset Operation".
● Sleep state
In this state, the program is stopped. Program operation causes state transition.
In the sleep state, only CPU program execution is stopped and the peripheral circuits are operable. The
internal memory and internal/external buses are stopped unless requested by the DMA controller. When a
valid interrupt request is generated, this state is cleared and the device transits to the run state (normal
operation).
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request is generated, the device transits to the setting initialization
reset (INIT) state.
When an operation initialization reset (RST) request is generated, the device transits to the operation
initialization reset (RST) state.
● Stop state
In this state, the device is stopped. Program operation causes state transition.
In the stop state, all internal circuits are stopped. All the internal clocks are stopped and oscillation circuits
and PLLs can be set to stop. The stop state can also set external pins (except some pins) to operate at high
impedance.
When a particular valid interrupt request (requiring no clock) is generated, or an interval timer interrupt
request is generated during oscillation, the device transits to the oscillation stabilization wait run state.
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request is generated, the device transits to the setting initialization
reset (INIT) state.
When an operation initialization reset (RST) request is generated, the device transits to the oscillation
stabilization wait reset (RST) state.
● Shutdown state
In this state, the device is stopped in all components except RAM. Program operation causes state
transition.
Power supply is cut off in all components except RAM (MB91461: 64 Kbytes, MB91F467R: 32 Kbytes)
and circuits surrounding it. This function allows a significant decrease in leakage currents in the shutdown
state. All output except the output to hold the external bus control signal is at high impedance.
When a particular valid interrupt request (requiring no clock) is generated, the device transits to the
oscillation stabilization wait run state.
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request is generated, the device transits to the setting initialization
reset (INIT) state.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
● Oscillation stabilization wait run state
In this state, the device is stopped. The device transits to this state after returning from the stop state.
All internal circuits except the circuits in the clock generation control block (time-base counter and device
state control sections) are stopped. Although all the internal clocks are stopped, the oscillation circuit and
PLLs that are enabled to operate are active.
Control of the external pins at high impedance in the stop state is cleared.
When the set oscillation stabilization wait time has elapsed, the device transits to the run state (normal
operation).
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request is generated, the device transits to the setting initialization
reset (INIT) state.
When an operation initialization reset (RST) request is generated, the device transits to the operation
initialization reset (RST) state.
● Oscillation stabilization wait reset (RST) state
In this state, the device is stopped. The device transits to this state after returning from the stop state or
setting initialization reset (INIT) state.
All internal circuits except the circuits in the clock generation control block (time-base counter and device
state control sections) are stopped. Although all the internal clocks are stopped, the oscillation circuit and
PLLs that are enabled to operate are active.
Control of the external pins at high impedance in the stop state is cleared.
Operation initialization reset (RST) is output to the internal circuits.
When the set oscillation stabilization wait time has elapsed, the device transits to the oscillation
stabilization wait reset (RST) state.
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request is generated, the device transits to the setting initialization
reset (INIT) state.
● Operation initialization reset (RST) state
In this state, the program is initialized. When an operation initialization reset (RST) request is accepted, or
the oscillation stabilization wait reset (RST) state is terminated, transition occurs.
Program execution is stopped in the CPU and the program counter is initialized. Most peripheral circuits
are also initialized. All internal clocks, oscillation circuit, and PLLs that are enabled to operate are active.
Operation initialization reset (RST) is output to the internal circuits.
When an operation initialization reset (RST) request is released, the device transits to the run state (normal
operation state) and the operation initialization reset sequence is executed. If this occurs after returning
from the setting initialization reset (INIT) state, the setting initialization reset sequence is executed.
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request is generated, the device transits to the setting initialization
reset (INIT) state.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
● Setting initialization reset (INIT) state
In this state, all settings are initialized. When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request is accepted, or the
hardware standby state is terminated, transition occurs.
In the CPU, program execution is stopped and the program counter is initialized. All peripheral circuits are
initialized. While the oscillation circuit operates, PLLs stop operation. All the internal clocks operate
except during "L" level input into the external INITX pin.
Setting initialization reset (INIT) and operation initialization reset (RST) are output to the internal circuits.
When the setting initialization reset (INIT) request is released, the device transits from this state to the
oscillation stabilization wait reset (RST) state. After the RST state, the setting initialization reset sequence
is executed.
● Priority of each state transition request
In any state, every state transition request follows the priority order shown below. However, some requests
are only generated in a particular state and only valid in that state.
[Highest]
↓
Setting initialization reset (INIT) request
Termination of oscillation stabilization wait time
(Only the oscillation stabilization wait reset state and the oscillation stabilization wait run
state occur.)
↓
Operation initialization reset (RST) request
↓
Valid interrupt request
(Only the run state, sleep state, stop state, and shutdown state occur.)
↓
Stop mode request (shutdown)
(Writing to register) (Only the run state occurs.)
[Lowest]
144
Sleep mode request (Writing to register) (Only the run state occurs.)
CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
3.14
Interval Timer
The interval timer is a 23-bit counter synchronized with the source clock to count up.
This timer incorporates a function to continuously generate interrupts at a regular
interval.
■ Interval Duration of the Interval Timer
Table 3.14-1 lists the interval duration of the interval timer.
Table 3.14-1 Interval Duration of the Interval Timer
Main clock cycle
MB91461
1/FXTL
MB91F467R
214/FXTL
212/FXTL
219/FXTL
217/FXTL
225/FXTL
223/FXTL
Note: FXTL is the clock from the X0 and X1 pins or the oscillation circuit.
■ Block Diagram of the Interval Timer
Figure 3.14-1 shows the block diagram of the interval timer.
Figure 3.14-1 Block Diagram of the Interval Timer
Counter for the
interval timer
FXTL
0
22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 210 211
11
16
22
214
219
225
Source clock
Interval
timer
selector
Reset
(INIT)
Counter clear
circuit
Interval timer
interrupt
Interval timer control
register (OSCR)
WIF
WIE
WEN
Reserved Reserved
WS1
WS0
WCL
FXTL: Clock from the X0 and X1 pins or the oscillation circuit
A division circuit is available on MB91461.
A division circuit is not available on MB91F467R.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
● Interval timer
This is a 23-bit up-counter that uses the clock either from the X0 and X1 pins or the oscillation circuit that
is divided by 4 as its count clock.
● Counter clear circuit
This circuit clears the counter at reset (INIT) as well as OSCR register settings (WCL = 0).
● Interval timer selector
Among three types of division output for the interval timer counter, this circuit selects one for the interval
timer. The falling edge of the selected division output becomes an interrupt factor.
● Interval register (OSCR)
This register selects the interval duration, clears the counter, controls interrupts, and confirms their state.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Registers in the Interval Timer
Figure 3.14-2 shows the structure of registers in the interval timer.
Figure 3.14-2 The Structure of Registers in the Interval Timer
OSCR
bit
15
Address: 0004C8H
WIF
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value (INIT)
0
Initial value (RST)
X
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
WIE
(R/W)
0
X
WEN
(R/W)
0
X
Reserved
Reserved
(R/W)
−
X
(R/W)
−
X
WS1
(R/W)
0
X
WS0
(R/W)
0
X
WCL
(R/W)
1
X
[bit15] WIF: Timer interrupt flag
This is an interval interrupt request flag.
This flag is set to "1" by the falling edge of division output of the selected interval timer.
When this bit and the interrupt request enable bit are both set to "1", an interval timer interrupt request
is generated.
Table 3.14-2 Timer Interrupt Flag
Value
Function
0
Generates no interval timer interrupt request. [Initial value]
1
Generates an interval timer interrupt request.
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset (INIT).
This bit is readable and writable. However, only "0" can be written. Writing "1" does not change the bit
value.
The read value of read-modify-write (RMW) instructions is always "1".
[bit14] WIE: Timer interrupt enable bit
This bit enables and disables output of interrupt request to the CPU. When this bit and the interval timer
interrupt request flag bit are set to "1", an interval timer interrupt request is generated.
Table 3.14-3 Timer Interrupt Enable Bit
Value
Function
0
Disables output of an interval timer interrupt request. [Initial value]
1
Enables output of an interval timer interrupt request.
This bit is initialized to "1" at reset (INIT).
It is readable and writable.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
[bit13] WEN: Timer operation enable bit
This bit enables the timer operation.
When this bit is set to "1", the timer counts.
Table 3.14-4 Timer Operation Enable Bit
Value
Function
0
Stops the timer operation. [Initial value]
1
Operates the timer.
This bit is initialized to "0" at reset (INIT).
It is readable and writable.
[bit12, bit11] Reserved bits
These bits are reserved. "0" should be written. (Writing "1" is prohibited.)
The read value is undefined.
[bit10, bit9] WS1 and WS0: Timer interval select bits
These bits select the interval timer cycle.
The cycle is selected from the following three combinations of output bits of the interval timer counter.
Table 3.14-5 Timer Interval Select Bits
Interval timer cycle
WS1
WS0
MB91461
MB91F467R
0
0
Setting disabled [Initial value]
Setting disabled [Initial value]
0
1
214/FXTL
212/FXTL
1
0
219/FXTL
217/FXTL
1
1
225/FXTL
223/FXTL
FXTL is the clock from the X0 and X1 pins or the oscillation circuit.
These bits are initialized to "00B" at reset (INIT).
They are readable and writable.
When using the interval timer, write data to this register.
[bit8] WCL: Timer clear bit
Writing "0" clears the interval timer to "0".
Only "0" can be written. Writing "1" has no effect.
The read value is always "1".
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Interval Interrupt
The interval timer counter counts by using the clock (source clock) either from the X0 pin and X1 pin or
the oscillation circuit that is divided by 2. When the set interval has elapsed, the interval interrupt request
flag (WIF) is set to "1". At this point, if the interrupt request enable bit is enabled (WIE = 1), an interrupt
request is generated to the CPU. However, when the oscillation circuit is stopped (see section "■ Operation
of the interval timer function"), counting is also stopped. Consequently, no interval interrupt is generated.
Write "0" to the WIF flag in an interrupt routine to clear the interrupt request.
Note that when the specified division output falls, the WIF bit is set regardless of the value of the WIE bit.
Notes:
• When enabling output of an interrupt request after reset is canceled, or when modifying the WS1
bit (bit0), always clear the WIF and WCL bits at the same time (WIF = WCL = 0).
This timer cannot be used to automatically retain the stabilization wait time of the oscillation
circuit.
• When the WIF bit is set to "1", changing the WIE bit from the disabled state to the enabled state
(0 → 1) immediately generates an interrupt request.
• When the counter is cleared (OSCR: WCL = 1) at the same time as the selected bit overflows, the
WIF bit is not set.
■ Operation of the Interval Timer Function
The interval timer counter uses the source clock to count up. In the following state, however, counting is
stopped as oscillation from the oscillation circuit is stopped.
When the WEN bit is set to "0":
When the oscillation circuit is set to stop in the stop mode (the OSCD1 (bit0) of the standby control
register (STCR) is set to "1"), and the device enters that mode, counting is stopped during the stop
mode. In MB91461/F467R, the OSCD1 bit is initialized to "1" at reset (INIT). Therefore, to operate the
interval timer in the stop mode, set the OSCD2 bit to "0" before the device enters the standby state.
Clearing the counter (WCL = 0) allows the counter to count from ""000000H". When the counter has
reached "7FFFFFH", it goes back to "000000H" to continue to count. The interval interrupt request bit
(WIF) is set to "1" by the falling edge of division output of the interval timer that was selected during the
counting-up operation. In other words, interval timer interrupt requests are generated at each selected
interval, based on the cleared time.
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CHAPTER 3 CPU AND CONTROL BLOCK
■ Interval Timer Operation
Figure 3.14-3 shows the counter state during interval timer operation.
Figure 3.14-3 Counter State During Interval Timer Operation
7FFFFFH
Counter value
TIME
Set time
· Timer clearing (WCL = 1) * when not "0"
· Interval setting (WS1, WS0 = 11B)
Clearing in interrupt routine
WIF (Interrupt request)
WIE (Interrupt mask)
■ Precautions for Use of the Interval Timer
The set time is reference only, because the oscillation cycle is unstable immediately after oscillation starts.
While the oscillation circuit is stopped, the counter is also stopped. Consequently, no interval timer
interrupts are generated. Therefore, when executing processing using an interval timer interrupt, the
oscillation circuit should not be stopped.
When a WIF flag set request is generated at the same time as "0" clearing is requested by the CPU, the flag
set request has priority and the "0" clearing request becomes invalid.
150
CHAPTER 4
LOW-POWER
CONSUMPTION MODE
This chapter describes functions and operations of the
low-power consumption modes.
4.1 Overview of Low-Power Consumption Mode
4.2 Sleep Mode
4.3 Stop Mode
4.4 Shut-down Mode
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
4.1
Overview of Low-Power Consumption Mode
This section explains three low-power consumption modes supported with MB91461/
F467R.
■ Low-Power Consumption Mode
● Sleep mode (Program is stopped)
Clock provision for the CPU core is stopped. Operation of the peripheral functions is continued.
Writing to the register causes the device to transition to the sleep state.
● Stop mode (Device is stopped)
Clock provision for the CPU core and the peripheral function is stopped.
The selection of stopping or continuing the main oscillation can be made.
● Shut-down mode (Power is shut)
Power supply for entire device except RAM and some control logics is shut internally.
Both the oscillation and the clock provision are stopped.
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
4.2
Sleep Mode
CPU keeps stopping with sleep mode in the mode that stops only the clock supplied to
CPU core, and the function in the surrounding operating.
■ Overview of Sleep Mode
The sleep mode is the state in which the program is stopped. A transition is made to this state depending on
the register setting of a software.
In the sleep state, only the CPU program execution is stopped and the peripheral circuits can operate.
Various internal memories and the internal/external buses are stopped unless requested by the DMA
controller. When an enabled interrupt request is generated, the sleep state is cancelled, causing a transition
to the RUN state (normal operation).
● Transition to Sleep Mode
When "1" is written to bit6 (SLEEP bit) of STCR (standby control register), the sleep mode is established,
causing a transition to the sleep state.
The sleep state continues until a factor causing a return from the sleep state occurs. When "1" is written to
both bit6 and bit7 (STOP bit) of STCR, bit7 is prior to bit6, causing a transition to the stopped state.
When establishing the sleep mode, set the synchronous standby mode (set by bit8 (SYNCS bit) of TBCR
(time base counter control register)) and always use the following sequence:
(LDI
#value_of_sleep,R0) ; value_of_sleep is write data to STCR
(LDI
#_STCR,R12)
; _STCR is STCR address (481H)
STB
R0,@R12
; Writing to standby control register (STCR)
LDUB @R12,R0
; Reading STCR for synchronous standby
LDUB @R12,R0
; Once more dummy reading of STCR
NOP
; Five NOPs for coordinate the timing
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
[Circuits stopped in sleep state]
• CPU program execution
• Bit search module (operates when DMA transfer performed)
• Various built-in memories (These memories operate when DMA transfer is performed.)
• Internal/external buses (These buses operate when DMA transfer is performed.)
[Circuits not stopped in sleep state]
• Oscillator circuit
• Enabled PLL
• Clock generation control unit
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
• Interrupt controller
• Peripheral circuits
• DMA controller
• DSU
• Interval timer
[Factors causing return from sleep state]
• Occurrence of enabled interrupt requests
When an interrupt request with an interrupt level other than interrupt disable ("1FH") occurs, the
sleep mode is cancelled, performing a transition to the RUN state (normal state).
In order not to cancel the sleep mode even if an interrupt request occurs, set interrupt disable
("1FH") to the appropriate ICR as an interrupt level.
• Occurrence of setting initialization reset (INIT) request
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request occurs, a transition is always made to the INIT
state.
• Occurrence of operation initialization reset (RST) request
When an operation initialization reset (RST) request occurs, a transition is unconditionally made to
the RST state.
See Section "3.13.1 Device States and Transitions" for the priority of each factor.
[Synchronous-standby operation]
When bit8 (SYNCS bit) of TBCR (time-base counter control register) is "1", the synchronous-standby
operation is enabled. In this case, just writing to the SLEEP bit does not cause a transition to the sleep
state. A transition is made to the sleep state by reading the STCR register after this writing.
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
4.3
Stop Mode
The stop mode is a mode that stops the clock supplied to CPU core part and the
function in the surrounding.
When "1" is written to bit7 (STOP bit) of STCR (standby control register), the stop mode is established,
causing a transition to the stopped state. The stopped state continues until a factor causing a return from the
stopped state occurs.
When "1" is written to both bit6 (SLEEP bit) and bit7 of STCR, bit7 is prior to bit6, causing a transition to
the stopped state.
[Circuits stopped in stopped state]
Oscillator circuit set to be stopped:
When bit0 (OSCD1 bit) of STCR (standby control register) is "1", the oscillator circuit for the main
clock in the stopped state is placed in the stopped state. In this case, also the interval timer is
stopped.
PLL with disabled operation or connected to oscillator circuit set to be stopped:
When bit0 (OSCD1 bit) of STCR (standby control register) is "1", the PLL for the main clock in the
stopped state is placed in the stopped state even if bit10 (PLL1EN bit) of CLKR (clock source
control register) is "1".
All other internal circuits except the circuits not stopped in stopped state
[Circuits not stopped in stopped state]
Oscillator circuit not set to be stopped:
When bit0 (OSCD1 bit) of STCR (standby control register) is "0", the oscillator circuit for the
stopped main clock is not stopped. In this case, also the interval timer is not stopped.
PLL with enabled operation and connected to oscillator circuit not set to be stopped:
When bit0 (OSCD1 bit) of STCR (standby control register) is "0", the PLL for the main clock in the
stopped state is not stopped when bit10 (PLL1EN bit) of CLKR (clock source control register) is
"1".
[Pin high-impedance control in stopped state]
When bit5 (HIZ bit) of STCR (standby control register) is "1", the pin output in the stopped state is
placed in the high-impedance state.
When bit5 (HIZ bit) of STCR (standby control register) is "0", the pin output in the stopped state holds
the value before the transition to the stopped state. For details, see "3.11.6 Registers in the Clock
Generation Control Block".
[Input to peripheral resource in stopped state]
In the stopped state, an input to each peripheral resource is "0". Regarding the external interrupt (INTn)
pin and the CAN receiving (RXn) pin, when appropriate PFR is "0", an input of each resource is "0."
On the other hand, when the PFR is "1", signal from the pin is transmitted to the resource.
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
[Factors causing return from stopped state]
Occurrence of particular effective interrupt requests requiring no clock:
Only the following is enabled: external interrupt input pin (INTn pin) and interval timer interrupt
during main oscillation.
When an interrupt request with an interrupt level other than interrupt disable ("1FH") occurs, the
stop mode is cancelled, performing a transition to the RUN state (normal state).
In order not to cancel the stop mode even if an interrupt request occurs, set interrupt disable ("1FH")
to the appropriate ICR as an interrupt level. Do not set edge detection on an interrupt request level
(ELVR register).
Occurrence of interval timer interrupt:
With bit0 (OSCD1 bit) of STCR (standby control register) set to "0", when an interrupt request of
the interval timer occurs, the stop mode is cancelled, performing a transition to the RUN state
(normal state).
In order not to cancel the stop mode even if an interrupt request occurs, stop the interval timer, or set
interrupt disable to the interrupt enabling bit of the interval timer.
Occurrence of setting initialization reset (INIT) request:
When a setting initialization reset (INIT) request occurs, a transition is unconditionally made to the
INIT state.
Occurrence of operation initialization reset (RST) request:
When an operation initialization reset (RST) request occurs, a transition is unconditionally made to
the RST state.
[Clock source selection when stop mode enabled]
Before setting the stop mode, set the clock source selection so that PLL output is not selected. The
restrictions on the frequency division rate setting are the same as in the normal operation.
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
4.4
Shut-down Mode
The Leake current at the standby can be greatly decreased with the shutdown mode in
the mode that stops the power supplies other than RAM and a part of control logic.
All register settings except RAM* and the returning factor flag of shut-down state are not held. The
necessary information need to be stored in RAM before performing a transition to the shut-down mode. In
the shut-down mode, all output is placed in the high-impedance state except keeping output of the external
bus control signal. Returning from the shut-down mode is performed when a previously specified external
interrupt signal is asserted or INITX (external reset pin) is asserted. Returning from the shut-down mode
cannot be performed by NMI input.
*: 64 Kbytes RAM (F-bus RAM) for instruction/data use for MB91461 (30000H to 3FFFFH), and 32
Kbytes RAM (D-bus RAM) dedicated for data use for MB91F467R (24000H to 2BFFFH).
● SHDE: Shut-down control register
Figure 4.4-1 The Structure of Shut-down Control Register
Address: 0004D4H
bit
Read/Write
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SDENB
R/W
(0)
−
(−)
(X)
−
(−)
(X)
−
(−)
(X)
−
(−)
(X)
−
(−)
(X)
−
(−)
(X)
−
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(INITX pin, restart from shut-down mode)
Initial value
(Held)
(X)
(X)
(Software reset, watchdog reset)
This register is used to enable the shut-down mode.
SDENB (bit7): Shut-down enable
"1": Shut-down mode enabled.
"2": Shut-down mode disabled.
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
● EXTE: External interrupt enable register
Figure 4.4-2 The Structure of External Interrupt Enable Register
Address: 0004D6H
bit
Read/Write
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RX1
(R/W)
(0)
RX0
(R/W)
(0)
INT7
(R/W)
(0)
INT6
(R/W)
(0)
INT3
(R/W)
(0)
INT2
(R/W)
(0)
INT1
(R/W)
(0)
INT0
(R/W)
(0)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(INITX pin, restart from shut-down mode)
Initial value
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Software reset, watchdog reset)
This register is used to select a factor causing return from the shut-down mode.
To set this register to the enabled factor causing return, set the bit of this register corresponding to interrupt
or CAN receive signal (RX) to "1". Each bit is cleared when returning from the shut-down mode (restart).
Therefore this register need to be set every time before performing a transition to the shut-down mode.
● EXTF: External interrupt factor flag
Figure 4.4-3 The Structure of External Interrupt Factor Flag
Address: 0004D7H
bit
Read/Write
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RX1
(R/W)
(0)
RX0
(R/W)
(0)
INT7
(R/W)
(0)
INT6
(R/W)
(0)
INT3
(R/W)
(0)
INT2
(R/W)
(0)
INT1
(R/W)
(0)
INT0
(R/W)
(0)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(INITX pin)
Initial value
(Software reset, restart from shut-down, watchdog reset)
This register is a factor causing return from the shut-down mode.
When there is an input of enable factor causing return, the corresponding flag is set to "1". This register can
be written "0". To clear these flags, set to "0" by the CPU instruction or reset through INITX pin.
When the first factor is received after transition to the shut-down mode, the information is held in flag and
the reset sequence to return starts immediately (approximately 100 µs later). Therefore even if there are
several factors causing return, the subsequent factors are not received and the flag is not held.
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CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
● EXTLV1: External interrupt level register
Figure 4.4-4 The Structure of External Interrupt Level Register
Address: 0004D8H
bit
Read/Write
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LB7
(R/W)
(0)
LA7
(R/W)
(0)
LB6
(R/W)
(0)
LA6
(R/W)
(0)
LB5
(R/W)
(0)
LA5
(R/W)
(0)
LB4
(R/W)
(0)
LA4
(R/W)
(0)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(INITX pin, restart from shut-down mode)
Initial value
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Software reset, watchdog reset)
● EXTLV2: External interrupt level register
Figure 4.4-5 The Structure of External Interrupt Level Register
Address: 0004D9H
bit
Read/Write
Initial value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LB3
(R/W)
(0)
LA3
(R/W)
(0)
LB2
(R/W)
(0)
LA2
(R/W)
(0)
LB1
(R/W)
(0)
LA1
(R/W)
(0)
LB0
(R/W)
(0)
LA0
(R/W)
(0)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(INITX pin, restart from shut-down mode)
Initial value
(Held)
(Held)
(Held)
(Software reset, watchdog reset)
This register is used to specify the interrupt level of the factor causing return from the shut-down mode.
Table 4.4-1 External Interrupt Level Register
LBx
LAx
Interrupt Level
0
0
"L" Level (Initial value)
0
1
"H" Level
1
0
Setting disabled
1
1
Setting disabled
Note: For an interrupt level from the shut-down mode, only L level or H level can be set.
159
CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
● Transition to Shut-down Mode
The following procedures are required for transition to the shut-down mode.
1) On MB91F467R, if it shifts from the state where external bus is being used in the internal ROM
mode to the shut-down mode, set values, in the order of (1) to (3), in the following port control
registers corresponding to CS0X, CS1X, CS2X, CS3X, CS4X, BGRNTX, WR0X, WR1X, RDX,
ASX, WEX, BAAX, IORDX and IOWRX to prevent external bus control pins from outputting
unnecessary pulses.
(1) Set port data registers (PDR08/PDR09/PDR10/PDR11) to "1".
(2) Set data direction registers (DDR08/DDR09/DDR10/DDR11) to "0".
(3) Set port function registers (PFR08/PFR09/PFR10/PFR11) to "0".
2) Set an interrupt signal level to be used for returning from the shut-down mode in EXTLV1 and
EXTLV2 (external interrupt level registers).
3) Set SHDE bit in the SHDE (shut-down control register) to "1" to enable shut-down mode.
4) Set an external interrupt channel to be used for returning in EXTE (external interrupt enable
register). If the SDENB bit is not set to "1" in advance, the return channel cannot be set to "1".
5) Execute the same instructions as those for transition to the stop mode. By executing 1) to 3)
beforehand, it will shift to the shut-down mode after executing the next instruction sequence.
(LDI
#value_of_stop, R0)
; value_of_sleep is write data to STCR
(LDI
#_STCR, R12)
; _STCR is STCR address (481H)
STB
R0, @R12
; Writing to standby control register (STCR)
LDUB @R12, R0
; Reading STCR for synchronous standby
LDUB @R12, R0
; Once more dummy reading of STCR
NOP
; Five NOPs for coordinate the timing
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
During the shut-down mode, though the external bus control signal keeps the last value before the transition
to the shut-down mode, all other output is placed in Hi-Z. Input of the pin for return from the shut-down
mode keeps input threshold and pull-up/pull-down setting until a factor causing return is received. During
the shut-down mode, oscillation is stopped and also power supply to the internal logics is stopped except
RAM* to and the shut-down control logic.
*
160
64 Kbytes RAM (F-bus RAM) for instruction/data use for MB91461, and 32 Kbytes RAM (D-bus
RAM) dedicated for data use for MB91F467R.
CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
[Pin state during shut-down mode]
Table 4.4-2 Pin State During Shut-down Mode
Pin name
Pin state
WDRESETX
ASX
CS0X, CS1X, CS2X, CS3X,
CS4X
IORDX
IOWRX
RDX
WR0X, WR1X
BGRNTX
Keeps the last state before the transition to the shut-down
mode.
INT0, INT1, INT2, INT3,
INT6, INT7,
RX0/INT8, RX1/INT9
Keeps the input threshold setting and the pull-up/pulldown setting during the shut-down mode.
Returns to the initial value when performing a transition to
reset after the first factor causing return.
SYSCLK
Is placed in Hi-Z state.
Other pins
Are placed in Hi-Z state.
The pull-up/pull-down setting returns to the initial value.
● Return from Shut-down Mode
When an enable level is input to the external interrupt pin set by the external interrupt enable register, reset
is performed and the device restarts after starting power supply to the internal logics and waiting
stabilization of oscillation. In this case, the factor causing return from the shut-down mode is held in the
external interrupt factor flag register (EXTF). A software can determine whether the initial start-up process
or the return process from the shut-down mode by detecting the flag register value in the initial setting
routine. During the return process, a factor of the subsequent interrupt input after the first factor causing
return is not held.
[Return by interrupt pin]
Regarding the factor causing return from the shut-down mode, when the first factor is received, the
information is held in the flag and the reset sequence begins. Even if there are several factors causing
return, the subsequent factors are not received and the flag is not held.
When a factor causing return from the shut-down mode is received, all pins return to the reset state.
Therefore the input threshold setting and the pull-up/pull-down setting of the pins for returning return to
the initial state.
When a factor causing return is received, the device restarts through the following process.
1) Reactivating power supply from the internal regulator.
2) Waiting for stabilization of the oscillation.
3) Reset cancellation, mode vector fetch, and reset vector fetch.
During the shut-down mode, the input threshold setting of the pin for returning keeps the last value
before the transition to the shut-down mode.
161
CHAPTER 4 LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION MODE
When a return is performed by an interrupt, the interrupt request level setting register (ELVR) cannot be
used for edge detection.
[Return by INITX pin]
When the "L" level is input to INITX pin, the reset is performed. In this case, all interrupt factor flags
are cleared.
Unlike the return by the interrupt pin, there is no time for waiting for stabilization of the oscillation.
Always keep INITX input more than 8 ms to make time for stabilization of the oscillation.
Note:
NMI cannot be used for return from the shut-down mode.
RTC operation stops during the shut-down mode.
162
CHAPTER 5
CLOCK MODULATOR
This chapter provides an overview of the Clock
Modulator and its features. (This feature is not provided
on MB91461.)
5.1 Overview of Clock Modulator
5.2 Clock Modulator Registers
5.3 Application Note
163
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
5.1
Overview of Clock Modulator
This section explains clock modulator provided on MB91F467R.
■ Clock Modulator
The clock modulator is intended for the reduction of electromagnetic interference - EMI, by spreading the
spectrum of the clock signal over a wide range of frequencies.
The module is fed with an unmodulated reference clock with frequency F0, provided by the PLL circuit.
This reference clock is frequency modulated, controlled by a random signal.
The mean frequency of the modulated clock is equal to the reference clock frequency F0.
Figure 5.1-1 Frequency Spectrum of the Modulated Clock (Fundamentals Only)
Modulation range
Frequency
Fmin
F0
Fmax
■ Modulation Degree and Frequency Resolution in Frequency Modulation Mode
Maximum and minimum frequencies (Fmax and Fmin) of the modulated clock are defined by the modulation
degree parameter. Furthermore the resolution of the modulation range is selectable in 7 steps from low (1)
to high (7). Higher resolution implies a finer granularity of discrete frequencies in the spectrum of the
modulated clock but less possible modulation degrees.
In general the highest possible frequency resolution combined with the highest possible modulation degree
results in the highest EMI reduction. But for some cases lower modulation degrees may result in a better
EMI behavior. Please refer to the table of possible settings in Table 5.2-4 .
164
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
5.2
Clock Modulator Registers
This section lists the clock modulator registers and describes the function of each
register in detail.
■ Clock Modulator Registers
Figure 5.2-1 Clock Modulator Registers
Address:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0004B9H
CMPRL (Lower)
Initial value
11111101B
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
0004B8H
15
14
-
-
-
-
7
0004BBH
6
13
12
11
10
9
8
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
Reserv Reserv Reserv
ed
ed
ed
FMOD
RUN
-
FMOD PDX
-
R/W R/W R/W
R
-
R/W R/W
CMPRH (Upper)
Initial value
XX000010B
CMCR
Initial value
X0010X00B
165
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
■ Clock Modulator Control Register (CMCR)
The Control Register (CMCR) has the following functions:
• Set the modulator to power down mode
• Modulator enable/disable in frequency modulation mode
• Indicates the status of the modulator
Figure 5.2-2 Configuration of the Clock Modulator Control Register (CMCR)
bit
7
0004BBH
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
Reser Reser Reser FMOD
ved
ved ved RUN
-
FMOD PDX
-
R/W R/W R/W R
-
R/W R/W
CMCR
Initial value
X0010X00B
bit0
PDX
Power down bit
0
Power down mode
1
Power up
bit1
FMOD
Frequency modulation enable bit
0
Frequency modulation mode disabled.
1
Frequency modulation mode enabled.
bit3
FMOD
RUN
Modulator status in frequency modulation mode
0
Clock frequency unmodulated.
1
Clock frequency modulated.
bit4 to bit6
Reserved
R/W
R
X
-
:
:
:
:
Readabel/writable
Read only
Undefined value
Undefined
:
Initial value
bit4
Always write "1" to this bit.
bit5, bit6
Always write "0" to this bit.
The bits FMODRUN, FMOD, PDX control or indicate the status of the frequency modulation mode.
Frequency modulation mode needs some additional configuration (CMPR register).
166
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
■ Clock Modulator Control Register Contents
Table 5.2-1 Function of Each Bit of the Clock Modulator Control Register (1 / 2)
Bit name
Functions
bit7
Undefined
This bit is undefined bit.
The initial value is undefined.
bit6, bit5
Reserved
Always write "0" to this bit.
bit4
Reserved
Always write "1" to this bit.
bit3
FMOD RUN:
Modulator
status in
frequency
modulation
mode bit
"0": MCU is running with unmodulated clock
"1": MCU is running with frequency modulated clock
• FMODRUN indicates the status of the modulator output clock in frequency
modulation mode (FMOD=1). If the output clock is frequency modulated,
MODRUN is set to "1", otherwise MODRUN is set to "0".
• After enabling the frequency modulation mode by setting FMOD to "1", the
modulator is calibrated. During this time, the clock is unmodulated. Therefore it
takes several us before the output clock switches to modulated clock and the
FMODRUN bit is set to "1". The calibration time depends on the frequency of the
oscillator. At oscillator (Fc) = 4MHz : Calibration time = 64.00us (calibration time
= 256/Fc).
During normal operation, after calibration is finished, the clock is not switched to
unmodulated clock anymore.
• Due to the synchronization of the FMOD signal and the synchronized switching to
unmodulated clock, it takes less than 9 × T0 (input clock period) before FMODRUN
changes to "0" and the clock switches to unmodulated clock after the modulator is
disabled.
• The FMODRUN bit is read only. Writing to FMODRUN has no effect.
• Before changing the parameter register CMPR, the modulator must be disabled →
FMOD=0 and FMODRUN=0.
bit2
Undefined
This bit is undefined bit.
The initial value is undefined.
167
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
Table 5.2-1 Function of Each Bit of the Clock Modulator Control Register (2 / 2)
Bit name
Functions
bit1
FMOD:
Frequency
modulation
enable bit
"0": Frequency modulation disabled.
"1": Frequency modulation enabled.
• To enable the modulator in frequency modulation mode, FMOD must be set to "1".
• Before the modulator can be enabled, the PLL must deliver a stable reference clock
(PLL lock time must be elapsed).
• The specified PLL frequency range for frequency modulation mode is 15 MHz to 25
MHz.
• Each PLL output frequency offers a set of possible modulation parameters. The
selected setting (CMPR register) and the PLL frequency must match.
Please refer to the CMPR register description.
• Whenever the PLL output frequency is changed or the PLL is switched off e.g. in
power down modes, the modulator must be disabled before → FMOD=0 and
FMODRUN=0.
• Before the modulator can be enabled, it must be switched from power down to
active mode by setting PDX to "1". And the startup time of 6µs must be awaited.
Please refer to the application note for a description of the recommended startup
sequence.
• Before the modulator can be enabled in frequency modulation mode, a proper
setting must be selected via the parameter register CMPR.
• After enabling the frequency modulation mode by setting FMOD to "1", the
modulator is calibrated. During this time, the clock is unmodulated. Therefore the
output clock does not switch immediately to modulated clock. The status of the
clock (frequency modulated / unmodulated) is indicated by the FMODRUN status
bit. Please refer to the FMODRUN bit description.
• Due to the synchronization of the FMOD signal and the synchronized switching to
unmodulated clock, it takes less than 9 × T0 (input clock period) before the clock
switches to unmodulated clock after the modulator is disabled. The modulator can
be disabled at any time.
Before changing the parameter register CMPR, the modulator must be disabled →
FMOD=0 and FMODRUN=0.
bit0
PDX:
Power down
bit
"0": Power down mode
"1": Power up
• PDX is the power down signal for the modulator. Before the frequency modulation
mode can be enabled, this bit must be set to "1" and the startup time of 6µs must be
awaited. Please refer to the application note for a description of the recommended
startup sequence.
• Before switching to power down mode (PDX=0), the modulator must be disabled →
FMOD=0 and FMODRUN=0.
168
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
In the Table below the modulator states are summarized:
Table 5.2-2 Modulator States
FMOD
PDX
FMODRUN
(read only)
Modulator disabled
0
0
0
Modulator power on,
waiting modulator startup time (> 6 µs)
0
1
0
Modulator enabled in frequency modulation mode,
modulator is calibrating, modulation not active
1
1
0
Modulator is running in frequency modulation mode
modulation is active
1
1
1
Setting disabled
Settings other than the above-mentioned
Modulator State
169
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
■ Clock Modulation Parameter Register (CMPR)
The Modulation Parameter Register (CMPR) determines the modulation degree in frequency modulation
mode.
Figure 5.2-3 Modulation Parameter Register
Address:
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0004B9H
CMPRL (Lower)
Initial value
11111101B
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
0004B8H
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
R/W
X
CMPRH (Upper)
Initial value
XX000010B
: Readable/writable
: Undefined value
: Undefined
The modulation parameter determines the degree of modulation and the maximal and minimal occurring
frequencies in the modulated clock. Please refer to the application note for a description of an approach to
select the optimal setting.
Each set of possible modulation parameters refers to a particular PLL frequency. The PLL frequency and
the selected parameter must match. Please refer to the following table of possible settings.
The modulation parameter affects only the frequency modulation mode.
Note:
The modulation parameter must be changed only when the modulator is disabled and the RUN flag
is "0" (FMOD=0, FMODRUN=0).
170
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
■ Modulation Parameter Register Contents
Table 5.2-3 Function of Each Bit of the Modulation Parameter Register (CMPR)
Bit name
Functions
bit15, bit14
Undefined
This bit is undefined bit.
The initial value is undefined.
bit13 to bit0
MP13 to MP0:
Modulation
Parameter bits
Depending on the PLL frequency the following modulation parameter settings are
possible. The corresponding CMPR register value is stated in Table 5.2-4 .
F0:
Frequency of unmodulated input clock (PLL frequency)
T0:
Period of unmodulated input clock (PLL clock period)
Resolution:
Resolution of frequencies in the modulated clock. low (1) to high (7)
Fmin:
Minimal frequency occurring in the frequency modulated clock
Fmax:
Maximal frequency occurring in the frequency modulated clock
Phase skew:
The maximal phase shift of the modulated clock relative to the unmodulated
reference clock in terms of clock periods of the unmodulated clock.
Example: phase skew=1.44
In worst case, a sequence of n periods of the modulated clock can be 1.44 x T0
shorter or 1.44 x T0 longer than a sequence of n periods of the unmodulated
reference clock.
n can be any number > 50 periods
Phase skew 50:
phase skew for sequences with n<= 50 periods
CMPR:
register setting of the CMPR register
n periods
Reference clock
+ Phase skew
n periods
Modulated clock
n periods
Note:
Fmax must be designed not to exceed 90MHz.
171
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
The table below shows the recommended setting for several MCU clocks and modulation parameters:
Table 5.2-4 Modulation Parameter Settings (1 / 3)
Fmax (MHz)
+/- phase
skew
50
[periods]
+/- phase
skew
min/max
[periods]
CMPR
F0 (MHz)
resolution
mod
degree
16
1
1
15.00
17.14
0.27
0.72
027FH
16
1
2
14.58
17.73
0.53
1.44
047EH
16
1
3
14.17
18.37
0.8
2.16
067DH
16
1
4
13.79
19.05
1.06
2.88
087CH
16
1
5
13.43
19.79
1.33
3.59
0A7BH
16
1
6
13.09
20.58
1.59
4.31
0C7AH
16
1
7
12.76
21.45
1.86
5.03
0E79H
16
1
8
12.45
22.38
2.13
5.75
1078H
16
1
9
12.15
23.41
2.39
6.47
1277H
16
1
10
11.87
24.53
2.66
7.19
1476H
16
1
11
11.60
25.76
2.92
7.91
1675H
16
1
12
11.35
27.13
3.19
8.63
1874H
16
1
13
11.10
28.65
3.45
9.34
1A73H
16
1
14
10.86
30.34
3.72
10.06
1C72H
16
1
15
10.64
32.25
3.98
10.78
1E71H
16
2
1
14.58
17.73
0.39
1.02
02BEH
16
2
2
13.79
19.05
0.78
2.03
04BCH
16
2
3
13.09
20.58
1.17
3.05
06BAH
16
2
4
12.45
22.38
1.56
4.06
08B8H
16
2
5
11.87
24.53
1.95
5.08
0AB6H
16
2
6
11.35
27.13
2.34
6.09
0CB4H
16
2
7
10.86
30.34
2.73
7.11
0EB2H
16
3
1
14.17
18.37
0.78
1.86
02FDH
16
3
2
13.09
20.58
1.56
3.72
04FAH
16
3
3
12.15
23.41
2.34
5.58
06F7H
16
3
4
11.35
27.13
3.13
7.44
08F4H
16
3
5
10.64
32.25
3.91
9.3
0AF1H
16
4
1
13.79
19.05
0.75
2
033CH
172
Fmin (MHz)
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
Table 5.2-4 Modulation Parameter Settings (2 / 3)
Fmax (MHz)
+/- phase
skew
50
[periods]
+/- phase
skew
min/max
[periods]
CMPR
F0 (MHz)
resolution
mod
degree
16
4
2
12.45
22.38
1.5
4
0538H
16
4
3
11.35
27.13
2.25
6
0734H
16
5
1
13.43
19.79
1.13
3.94
037BH
16
5
2
11.87
24.53
2.25
7.88
0576H
16
5
3
10.64
32.25
3.38
11.81
0771H
16
6
1
13.09
20.58
1.5
2.67
03BAH
16
6
2
11.35
27.13
3
5.34
05B4H
16
7
1
12.76
21.45
1.81
3.95
03F9H
16
7
2
10.86
30.34
3.63
7.91
05F2H
20
1
1
18.60
21.63
0.27
0.72
027FH
20
1
2
18.08
22.38
0.53
1.44
047EH
20
1
3
17.58
23.20
0.8
2.16
067DH
20
1
4
17.11
24.07
1.06
2.88
087CH
20
1
5
16.66
25.01
1.33
3.59
0A7BH
20
1
6
16.24
26.02
1.59
4.31
0C7AH
20
1
7
15.84
27.13
1.86
5.03
0E79H
20
1
8
15.46
28.33
2.13
5.75
1078H
20
1
9
15.09
29.64
2.39
6.47
1277H
20
1
10
14.74
31.08
2.66
7.19
1476H
20
1
11
14.41
32.67
2.92
7.91
1675H
20
2
1
18.08
22.38
0.39
1.02
02BEH
20
2
2
17.11
24.07
0.78
2.03
04BCH
20
2
3
16.24
26.02
1.17
3.05
06BAH
20
2
4
15.46
28.33
1.56
4.06
08B8H
20
2
5
14.74
31.08
1.95
5.08
0AB6H
20
3
1
17.58
23.20
0.78
1.86
02FDH
20
3
2
16.24
26.02
1.56
3.72
04FAH
20
3
3
15.09
29.64
2.34
5.58
06F7H
20
4
1
17.11
24.07
0.75
2
033CH
Fmin (MHz)
173
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
Table 5.2-4 Modulation Parameter Settings (3 / 3)
Fmax (MHz)
+/- phase
skew
50
[periods]
+/- phase
skew
min/max
[periods]
CMPR
F0 (MHz)
resolution
mod
degree
20
4
2
15.46
28.33
1.5
4
0538H
20
4
3
14.09
34.42
2.25
6
0734H
20
5
1
16.66
25.01
1.13
3.94
037BH
20
5
2
14.74
31.08
2.25
7.88
0576H
20
6
1
16.24
26.02
1.5
2.67
03BAH
20
7
1
15.84
27.13
1.81
3.95
2BF5H
24
1
1
22.14
26.20
0.27
0.72
027FH
24
1
2
21.52
27.13
0.53
1.44
047EH
24
1
3
20.93
28.12
0.8
2.16
067DH
24
1
4
20.38
29.19
1.06
2.88
087CH
24
1
5
19.85
30.34
1.33
3.59
0A7BH
24
1
6
19.35
31.59
1.59
4.31
0C7AH
24
1
7
18.87
32.95
1.86
5.03
0E79H
24
2
1
21.52
27.13
0.39
1.02
02BEH
24
2
2
20.38
29.19
0.78
2.03
04BCH
24
2
3
19.35
31.59
1.17
3.05
06BAH
24
3
1
20.93
28.12
0.78
1.86
02FDH
24
3
2
19.35
31.59
1.56
3.72
04FAH
24
3
3
17.99
36.04
2.34
5.58
06F7H
24
4
1
20.38
29.19
0.75
2
033CH
24
5
1
19.85
30.34
1.13
3.94
037BH
24
6
1
19.35
31.59
1.5
2.67
03BAH
24
7
1
18.87
32.95
1.81
3.95
03F9H
174
Fmin (MHz)
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
5.3
Application Note
This section explains Startup/stop sequence for frequency modulation mode and
modulation parameter.
■ Recommended Startup/Stop Sequence for Frequency Modulation Mode
Start order
1. Switch modulator from power down to power up mode PDX=1
2. Switch on PLL
3. Wait PLL lock time. At the same time the modulator starts up.
4. Set CMPR register to a proper setting
5. Enable frequency modulation mode FMOD=1
After the calibration is finished, the clock switches from unmodulated to modulated clock and the
FMODRUN flag changes to "1".
Stop order
1. Disable modulator FMOD=0
2. Wait until FMODRUN changes to 0
3. Switch to power down mode PDX=0
4. Disable PLL, switch to power down mode, etc.
Note:
Do not enable the modulator before the PLL lock time has elapsed. Do not disable the PLL while the
modulator is running.
175
CHAPTER 5 CLOCK MODULATOR
■ Modulation Parameter for Frequency Modulation Mode
It is not possible to recommend a modulation parameter setting to achieve a particular reduction in EMI.
The best setting depends much on the actual application, the whole system and the requirements.
In order to find the optimal modulation parameter setting in frequency modulation mode, the following
approach is recommended.
1.
Define the required PLL frequency based on performance needs
e.g. 16 MHz
2.
Determine the maximal allowed clock frequency of the MCU
e.g. 32 MHz
3.
Choose the setting with the highest resolution and the highest
modulation degree, whose maximal frequency is below the maximal
allowed clock frequency of the MCU.
e.g. resolution:7, degree:2,
CMPR=05F2 H(Fmax= 30.34 MHz)
4.
Perform EMI measurements
5.
If the EMI measurements does not fulfill the requirements, you
may either
6.
Reduce the modulation degree at the same frequency resolution
(this may improve the reduction in the upper frequency band > 100
MHz, but decrease the reduction of the fundamental < 100 MHz)
e.g. resolution:7, degree:1,
CMPR=03F9H
or
Increase the modulation degree at a lower frequency resolution
(this may improve the reduction of the fundamental < 100 MHz, but
worsen the reduction in the upper frequency band > 100 MHz)
or
e.g. resolution:5, degree:3,
CMPR=0771H
Repeat item Operation of 3)-to-5) with the new setting and continue
until the best settings is identified
■ Recommended Settings
The following table lists some example conditions for PLL clock and maximal allowed MCU clock
frequency and the recommended clock modulator setting:
Table 5.3-1 Some Example Conditions for PLL Clock
176
F0
PLL clock
frequency
Maximal allowed MCU
clock frequency
(refer to the data
sheet)
16MHz
clock modulator setting
Resolution
Modulation
degree
Fmax
CMPR
20MHz
5
1
19.79MHz
037BH
16MHz
25MHz
7
1
21.45MHz
03F9H
16MHz
32MHz
7
2
30.34MHz
05F2H
20MHz
25MHz
4
1
24.07MHz
033CH
20MHz
32MHz
7
1
27.13MHz
2BF5H
24MHz
32MHz
6
1
31.59MHz
03BAH
CHAPTER 6
SUB OSCILLATION
STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
This chapter describes the sub oscillation stabilization
wait timer. (This feature is not provided on MB91461.)
6.1 Overview of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
6.2 Configuration of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
6.3 Registers of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
6.4 Operation of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
6.5 Application Note
6.6 Caution when Using Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
177
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
6.1
Overview of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
This section explains function and feature of sub oscillation stabilization wait timer.
■ Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer Function
The sub oscillation stabilization timer is a 15-bit counter that is counted up with the subclock. This timer
does not affect the selection/dividing setting of the MCU operating clock.
This timer is used to acquire sub clock oscillation stability wait time if the sub clock oscillation is resumed
mainly when the sub clock oscillation is stopped while the main clock is in operation.
This function is not provided on MB91461.
■ Features
• Type: 15-bit free-run counter
• Channel number: 1 channel
• Clock source: Sub clock (source oscillation) --- Period = 1/FCL-SUB = 1/32.768kHz
• Interval time: 4 types
• Period = 210/FCL-SUB, 213/FCL-SUB, 214/FCL-SUB, 215/FCL-SUB,
(31.25ms, 0.25s, 0.50s, 1.00s)
• Timer clear cause: (Software, overflow, reset (INIT))
• Interrupt: clock interrupt (interval interrupt)
• Count value: Cannot read and write (Clear only)
178
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
6.2
Configuration of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
The block diagram of sub oscillation stabilization wait timer is shown in Figure 6.2-1 .
Figure 6.2-1 Block Diagram of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
Interval time
WS1 WS0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
WPCR: bit2-1
210 /
213 /
214 /
215 /
FCL-SUB
FCL-SUB
FCL-SUB
FCL-SUB
WIE
Clock timer
(14bit free-run timer)
Subclock
(Oscillation)
32.768 kHz
0
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
210 211 212 213 214 215
28
Edge detection
Selector
0
1
WPCR: bit6
Interrupt disabled
Interrupt enabled
0
WIF
WPCR: bit7
0
1
With interrupt request
Without interrupt request
Clock timer
1
interrupt (#49)
WRITE; 0: Flag clear
Timer clear
WCL
WPCR: bit2
0
1
Timer clear
No effect on operation
179
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
6.3
Registers of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
This section explains the registers used to set the sub oscillation stabilization wait
timer.
■ Register List of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
Figure 6.3-1 Register List of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
WPCRH
Address: bit
0004CAH
180
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
WIF
WIE
WEN
Reserved
Reserved
WS1
WS0
WCL
000XX001B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
6.3.1
WPCRH: Sub Oscillation Stabilization Timer Control
Register
This register is used to perform interval time selection, timer clear, interrupt control,
controls of timer stop and others, and status checks.
■ WPCRH
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
WIF
R/W
WIE
R/W
WEN
R/W
Reserved
Reserved
R/W
WS0
R/W
WCL
R/W
000XX001B
R/W
WS1
R/W
[bit7] WIF : Sub oscillation stabilization timer interrupt request flag
WIF
Read Operation
Write Operation
0
Without interrupt request
Clears the interrupt request flag
1
With interrupt request
Writing does not affect operation
The sub oscillation stabilization timer interrupt request flag bit is set to "1" at the falling edge of the
selected interval period output.
[bit6] WIE : Interrupt request enable
WIE
Operation
0
Interrupt request is prohibited
1
Interrupt request enable
• If the interrupt request enable bit is set to "1" an interrupt request is enabled.
• If the sub oscillation stabilization timer interrupt request flag is (WIF=1), and if the interrupt request
enable bit (WIE) is set to "1", an interrupt request is immediately generated.
[bit5] WEN : Timer operation enable
WEN
Operation
0
Stops timer operation
1
Enables timer operation
[bit4, bit3] Reserved bit
Be sure to write "0". The read value is "0".
181
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
[bit2, bit1] WS1, WS0 : Interval period selection
WS1
WS0
Interval period (FCL-SUB= 32.768kHz)
0
0
210/FCL-SUB (31.25ms)
0
1
213/FCL-SUB (0.25s)
1
0
214/FCL-SUB (0.50s)
1
1
215/FCL-SUB (1.00s)
[bit0] WCL : Timer clear
WCL
Operation
0
Clears the sub oscillation stabilization timer.
1
Writing does not affect write operation.
The timer is also cleared by INITX pin input and watchdog reset.
Notes:
• Initial value can be set using the setting initialization reset (INITX pin input, watchdog reset), but
the operation initialization reset (Software reset) holds the current value instead of initializing it.
• If you set the interrupt request enable (WIE= 1), and the interval period selection (WS1,WS0) after
canceling the reset, be sure to simultaneously set the timer interrupt request flag (WIF) and the
timer clear (WCL) "0".
182
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
6.4
Operation of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
This section explains the operation of the sub oscillation stabilization wait timer.
■ Sub Clock Oscillation Stability Wait Interrupt
Figure 6.4-1 Timing Chart of Sub Clock Oscillation Stability Wait Interrupt
(7)
(5)
Subclock oscillation
example
Clock timer
count
(8)
0400H
(6)
0000H
Time
(1) 210 (bit9)
(8)
Subclock stop bit
WCL
(4)
(2)
WIF
(3)
WIE
(3)
(9)
(11)
(11)
Operatin clock mode
Subclock
Main clock
(10)
(1)
Selects the interval (WS1,WS0) (In this example, 210/FCL-SUB is selected.)
(2)
Sets the timer so that it is cleared (WCL=0) by software.
(3)
Sets the flag clear (WIF=0) and the interrupt request enable (WIE=1) by software.
(4)
Sets the subclock stop release (OSCCR.OSCDS1=0) of the subclock operation by software.
(5)
The subclock oscillation starts.
(6)
Counts up with the subclock (source oscillation).
(7)
Make the subclock oscillation stable.
(8)
Makes the interval time be the selected time. (Detects the falling of 210 dividing.)
(9)
If the flag (WIF) becomes "1", the subclock oscillation stability wait interrupt request is generated.
(10)
Processing cause by an interrupt (Software): Switching the operation clock (Sub-RUN => main RUN)
(11)
Interrupt request disable (WIE=0) and the interrupt request clear (WIF=0).
183
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
■ Interval Interrupt (Clock Interrupt)
Figure 6.4-2 Timing Chart of Interval Interrupt (Clock Interrupt)
Clock timer
count
(4)
4000H
(4)
2000H
(3)
(3)
0000H
(2)
Time
(1) 213 (bit12)
WCL
(4)
(4)
(2)
WIF
(2)
WIE
(2)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(1)
Selects the interval time. (WS1,WS0) (In this example, 213/FCL-SUB is selected.)
(2)
Sets the timer clear (WCL=0), flag clear (WIF=0) and interrupt request enable (WIE=1) by the software.
(3)
The timer counts up with the subclock (Source oscillation).
(4)
Makes the interval time be the selected time. (Detects the fall of 213.)
(5)
If the flag (WIF) is set to "1", interval interrupt request (Clock interrupt request) is generated.
(6)
Processing caused by an interrupt (Software): The interrupt request clear (WIF=0)
(Arbitrary processing such as clock counting)
(7)
Repeats Items (3) to (6).
184
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
■ Returning from the Stop Mode due to Interval Operation (Clock Interrupt)
Figure 6.4-3 Timing Chart of Returning from the Stop Mode due to Interval Operation (Clock Interrupt)
Clock timer
count
7FFFH
4000H
(2)
0000H
(3) 214 (bit13)
(7)
Interval
WCL
(1)
(10)
WIF
(8)
(4)
WIE
(5)
MCU status
Main
RUN
Sub
RUN
(6)
Stop
(9)
Sub
RUN
Stop
Sub
RUN
Stop
Sub
RUN
Stop
Sub
RUN
Stop
Sub
RUN
Oscillation stabilization wait time
(1)
The sub oscillation stabilization timer is cleared by software. (Writes "0" to WCL.)
(2)
Counts up the sub oscillation stabilization timer with the sub clock.
(3)
Selects the interval time. (In this example, 0.5 second: Selects (WS1,WS0)=10B.)
(4)
Sets the flag clear (WIF=0) and sub oscillation stabilization timer interrupt enable (WIE=1) by the software.
(5)
Switches the MCU operation from the main RUN to sub-RUN.
(6)
Switches to the stop mode.
(7)
Makes the interval time be the selected time. (0.5 second)
(8)
The interrupt request flag (WIF) is set to "1".
(9)
As the interrupt request is enabled (WIE=1), returns from the stop mode to sub-RUN.
(10)
Clears the interrupt request flag by software. (Writes "0" to the WIF.)
(11)
Repeats Items (6) from (10).
185
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
6.5
Application Note
This section explains the operation method when the application is used like the
method of setting sub oscillation stabilization wait timer etc.
● Setting of Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
Table 6.5-1 Settings Required for Using the Sub Oscillation Stabilization Timer
Setting
Setting register
Setting the interval time
Sub oscillation stabilization timer
control register (WPCRH)
Count clear
Table 6.5-2 Items Required for Enabling Subclock Oscillation Stabilization Timer Interrupt
Setting
Setting register
Setting the interrupt vector and the free-run timer
level of the sub oscillation stabilization timer
Refer to "CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT
CONTROLLER".
Setting the sub oscillation stabilization timer interrupt
Clearing the interrupt request
Enabling the interrupt request
Sub oscillation stabilization timer control
register (WPCRH)
● The types of interval time (wait time) and selection method
There are four types of interval time, and they are set with the interval selection bit (WPCRH:WS1,WS0).
Interval selection bit
186
Interval time setting
Interval (Wait time) Example
FCL-SUB = 32.768kHz
WS1
WS0
0
0
210/FCL-SUB
31.25 ms
0
1
213/FCL-SUB
0.25 s
1
0
214/FCL-SUB
0.50 s
1
1
215/FCL-SUB
1.00 s
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
● Method of clearing Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait Timer
The Methods of clearing the sub oscillation stabilization time are following.
• Sets the clear bit (WPCRH.WCL).
Operation
Clear bit (WCL)
To clear the sub oscillation stabilization timer
Writes "1"
• Performs a reset.
Clears the 15-bit free-run timer with the initialization reset (INITX pin input, watchdog reset).
Note:
The operation initialization reset (Software reset) holds the count of a 15-bit free-run timer.
• The overflow of the sub oscillation stabilization timer (Next count-up for "FFFFH") causes the count
value to be reset to "0000H".
● Interrupt-associated registers
The relationship between the interrupt level and the vector is shown in the following table.
Refer to "CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER" for more information on the interrupt level and
the interrupt vector.
Interrupt vector (Default)
#143
Address: 0FFDC0H
Interrupt level setting bit (ICR[4:0])
Interrupt level register (ICR63)
Address: 047FH
As the interrupt request flag (WPCRH.WIF) is not automatically cleared, clear it before returning from the
interrupt processing by the software. (Writes "0" to the WIF bit.)
● Method of interrupt enabled
The interrupt enable is set with the interrupt request enable bit (WPCRH.WIE).
Interrupt request enable bit (WIE)
Interrupt disable
Set the value to "0"
Interrupt enable
Set the value to "1"
The interrupt request is cleared with the interrupt request bit (WPCRH.WIF).
Interrupt request bit (WIF)
Interrupt request clear
Writes "0"
187
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
● Method of stop sub oscillation stabilization wait timer count
Sets with the timer operation enable bit (WPCRH.WEN). Refer to "6.3 Registers of Sub Oscillation
Stabilization Wait Timer".
In addition, if the MCU stops the sub clock while the mainclock is being operated, the sub clock oscillation
stability wait timer also stops counting.
188
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
6.6
Caution when Using Sub Oscillation Stabilization Wait
Timer
Please note the following respect when using sub oscillation stabilization wait timer.
[Caution of timer interrupt request flag (WIF=1)]
• If the setting request (WIF=1) of the timer interrupt request flag and the writing timing where "0" is
written to the flag by the software occur simultaneously, the flag is set to "1".
• If the interrupt request is enabled (WIE=1) after defeating a reset, and if the interval time is changed, be
sure to simultaneously set "0" to the interrupt request enable flag (WIF) and the clear bit (WCL).
• The interrupt request flag (WIF) is always read as "1" with the read-modify-write (RMW) instruction.
[Caution of initialization reset]
• The setting initialization reset (INITX pin input, watchdog reset) initializes the values of the timer
interrupt request bit (WIF), timer interrupt request enable bit (WIE), timer enable bit (WEN) and timer
clear bit (WCL) to "0", but cannot initialize the interval period selection bit (WS1,WS0). Be sure to set
it by the software.
• Setting the initial value of the sub oscillation stabilization timer control register is possible using the
initialization reset (INITX pin input, watchdog reset), but the operation initialization reset (Software
reset) holds the current value instead of initializing the value of the sub oscillation stabilization timer
control register.
[Caution of immediately after the oscillation has started]
• The value for the oscillation stability wait time is an estimated value because the oscillation period of
the main clock oscillation and sub clock is unstable for the beginning immediately after the oscillation
has started.
[Caution of the others]
• An unstable clock may be supplied to the entire device, and normal operation is not guaranteed if the
sub clock is made to oscillate starting from sub clock stopped state, and if the MCU operation mode is
switched from the main RUN to the sub-RUN mode without waiting until the sub clock oscillation
becomes stable. Be sure to acquire the sub clock oscillation stability wait time using the sub oscillation
stabilization timer, etc. (If the main clock is selected as the clock source, the oscillation stability wait
time for the sub clock may not be acquired.)
• As the sub oscillation stabilization timer stops while the sub clock stops oscillating, a clock interrupt
(interval interrupt) is not generated either. If processing using the clock interrupt (interval interrupt) is
performed, enable the sub clock oscillation. (Do not stop the sub clock oscillation).
189
CHAPTER 6 SUB OSCILLATION STABILIZATION WAIT TIMER
• The sub oscillation stabilization timer counts up with the sub clock. As a result, the timer stops counting
because the sub clock stops oscillating under the following conditions.
- If the sub clock is set that it stops in the stop mode (Sub clock oscillation enable bit =1), and then the
mode is switched to the stop mode, the sub oscillation stabilization timer stops counting while in the
stop mode.
- If you want the sub oscillation stabilization timer to continue counting while in stop mode, set the sub
clock oscillation enable bit to "0" before switching the mode to the stop mode.
- If the sub clock stop bit =1 while in the sub clock, and if the sub clock is specified so that it stops
oscillating while the sub clock is in operation, the sub oscillation stabilization timer stops, too, while
the sub clock is in operation.
190
CHAPTER 7
HARDWARE WATCHDOG
TIMER
This chapter explains the functions of hardware
watchdog timer.
7.1 Overview of Hardware Watchdog Timer
7.2 Configuration of Hardware Watchdog Timer
7.3 Hardware Watchdog Timer Register
7.4 Function of Hardware Watchdog Timer
7.5 Notes on Using Hardware Watchdog Timer
191
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
7.1
Overview of Hardware Watchdog Timer
Hardware watchdog timer issues the reset signal (setting initialization reset) when
internal counter is not cleared for a specified period.
■ Hardware Watchdog Timer
Hardware watchdog timer is a module for CPU operation monitoring. This timer immediately starts count
up after the setting initialization reset (INIT). This timer must periodically be cleared within a specified
period to continue the program execution. When the counter is not cleared over a specified period, such as
entering to infinite loop, the reset signal is issued.
The width of "L" pulse which is outputted to the external pin WDRESETX is 128 cycles of source
oscillation clock, and the width of internal reset is 1024 cycles of the clock.
Note:
When CPU transfers to the mode which stops operations (standby mode) as follows, the operation of
this module is also stopped.
• SLEEP mode:
CPU stop, peripheral circuit operation
• STOP mode:
CPU and peripheral circuit operation are stopped.
• SHUT-DOWN mode: CPU and peripheral circuit operation are stopped.
• RTC mode:
CPU and peripheral circuits except for RTC module are stopped. Oscillator
operation
• Debug mode:
When a break is generated by DSU (Debug Support Unit) and debug
routine is running.
If one of the following conditions is met, hardware watchdog timer is cleared.
• "0" writing to CL bit of HWDCS register
• Reset
• Oscillation stops
• Transfer to SLEEP/STOP/SHUT-DOWN, RTC, or Debug mode
192
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
7.2
Configuration of Hardware Watchdog Timer
Hardware watchdog timer consists of the following two circuits.
• Watchdog timer
• Hardware watchdog timer control register
■ Block Diagram of Hardware Watchdog Timer
Figure 7.2-1 Block Diagram of Hardware Watchdog Timer
For MB91461
CR
oscillation
X0/X1 input or
oscillation circuit
1/2
For MB91F467R
Counter
FF
Reset signal
Clear
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
CL
Reserved Reserved
CPUF
Internal bus
● Watchdog timer
This is a timer for monitoring CPU operation. Clear it periodically after reset releasing.
● Hardware watchdog timer control register
This register has a reset flag and clear bit of timer.
● Reset issuance
If the timer is not cleared over a specified period, the hardware watchdog timer module issues the setting
initialization reset (INIT). The width of internal reset signal is 1024 cycles of source oscillation clock.
● Operating clock for watchdog timer
The operating clock for the watchdog timer for MB91461 is a clock derived from X0 (external input or
crystal oscillator) and a clock for MB91F467R is from the built-in CR oscillator.
193
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
7.3
Hardware Watchdog Timer Register
Hardware watchdog timer control register has a reset flag and a watchdog timer clear
bit.
■ Hardware Watchdog Timer Register
Figure 7.3-1 The Structure of Hardware Watchdog Timer Register
HWDCS
bit
7
6
5
4
Address: 0004C7H
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
Read/Write (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
Initial value
0
0
0
1
3
CL
(W)
1
2
1
Reserved Reserved
(R/W)
0
(R/W)
0
0
CPUF
(R/W)
0
[bit7 to bit4] Reserved: Reserved bits
These are reserved bits.
Be sure to set these bits to "0001B".
[bit3] CL: Timer clear bit
This bit is a watchdog timer clear bit.
Writing "0" to this bit clears the watchdog timer.
Reading value is always "1". Writing "1" is invalid.
[bit2, bit1] Reserved: Reserved bits
These are reserved bits.
Be sure to set these bits to "00B".
[bit0] CPUF: CPU reset flag
When overflow is generated in watchdog timer, this bit is set to "1".
Writing "0" clears this bit. Writing "1" is invalid.
This bit is initialized by external reset input (INITX) but not by internal reset (software reset).
194
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
■ Hardware Watchdog Timer Period Register
Figure 7.3-2 Hardware Watchdog Timer Period Register
HWWDE
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Address: 0004C6H
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
Read/write
Initial value
-
1
0
ED1
R/W
0
ED0
R/W
0
[bit7 to bit2] Reserved: Reserved bit
These are reserved bits.
[bit1, bit0] ED1, ED0: Watchdog period setting
This bit sets a watchdog period.
ED1
ED0
Function
0
0
Watchdog period is 216*CR clock cycles (Initial value)
0
1
Watchdog period is 217*CR clock cycles
1
0
Watchdog period is 218*CR clock cycles
1
1
Watchdog period is 219*CR clock cycles
Note: This function is not available on MB91461.
Notes:
• This function cannot be used with MB91461.
• This function is not revokable from an initial value at the cycle though operates by the CR
oscillation in MB91V460 (It is not revokable from 216 × CR).
195
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
7.4
Function of Hardware Watchdog Timer
If the watchdog timer is not cleared over a specified period, the setting initialization
reset (INIT) is issued. In this case, the register value of CPU is not guaranteed.
■ Function of Hardware Watchdog Timer
After a reset is released, the hardware watchdog timer starts counting up without waiting the stabilization
time. If the timer is not cleared for a specified time and the counter overflows, the setting initialization reset
(INIT) is issued.
■ Cycle of Hardware Watchdog Timer
For MB91461, the bit length of the hardware watchdog timer is 23 bits and the overflow period is 932.1 ms
(when source oscillation is 18 MHz).
Table 7.4-1 Hardware Watchdog Timer Period on MB91461
9 MHz
18 MHz
Watchdog timer
operation clock cycle
0.22 µs
0.11 µs
Watchdog timer cycle
1864.1 ms
932.1 ms
WDRESETX output pulse width
14.22 µs
7.11 µs
Time required for starting external bus cycle after
WDRESETX is asserted
113.78 µs
56.89 µs
For MB91F467R, because a CR oscillator is used as a clock source of the hardware watchdog timer, the
timer period varies depending on the resolution of the CR oscillator.
Table 7.4-2 Hardware Watchdog Timer Period on MB91F467R
ED1, ED0
Minimum
Normal
Maximum
5 µs
10 µs
20 µs
00
327.68 ms
655.36 ms
1310.72 ms
01
655.36 ms
1310.72 ms
2621.44 ms
10
1310.72 ms
2621.44 ms
5242.88 ms
11
2621.44 ms
5242.88 ms
10485.76 ms
WDRESETX output pulse width
−
5 µs
10 µs
20 µs
Time required for starting access to
built-in FLASH after WDRESETX is
asserted
−
−
740 µs
−
CR oscillation cycle
Watchdog timer period
196
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
■ Reset Timing for Watchdog Timer Overflow
Figure 7.4-1 Reset Timing for Watchdog Timer Overflow
For MB91461 (at 18 MHz oscillation)
7.11µs
WDRESETX
Internal reset
56.89µs
For MB91F467R
10µs
WDRESETX
Internal reset and
security processing
wait time
740µs
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CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
■ About WDRESETX Pin Output
"L" level by the external reset input (INITX) as well as "L" pulse when the hardware watchdog timer
overflows is outputted to the WDRESETX pin.
When a watchdog reset is generated, the flash memory returns to the read mode even if the flash memory is
in the write/erase mode by connecting the WDRESETX pin and a RESET pin of the external flash
memory.
Pulses of resets generated by the watchdog timer that is activated by CPU core internal software and pulses
of software resets are not outputted to the WDRESETX pin. Therefore, these resets cannot be used as a
factor that triggers the return of the flash memory from the write/erase mode.
Note:
There is no WDRESETX output in MB91V460. Please note that the WDRESETX output cannot be
used when ICE is used and operated.
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CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
7.5
Notes on Using Hardware Watchdog Timer
This section explains the notes on using hardware watchdog timer.
■ Notes on Using Hardware Watchdog Timer
● Stop disabled in software
Watchdog timer immediately starts operation after releasing reset. The counting cannot be stopped by
software.
● Reset control
Clearing of the timer is required to control hardware watchdog reset. When "0" is written to CL bit of the
hardware watchdog timer control register, the timer is once cleared and the reset issuance is controlled.
● Stop and clear of timer
In the mode which CPU is not operating (SLEEP mode, STOP mode, SHUT-DOWN mode and RTC
mode), the timer is cleared before transferring to such mode and the count is stopped. Also, when a debug
routine is running via DSU, the watchdog timer is cleared and the count is stopped.
● Operation during DMA transfer
Writing "0" to CL bit is disabled since DMAC is occupying the bus during the DMA transfer to peripheral
resources that are connected to internal D-bus. Therefore, in the case that DMA transfer time is longer than
watchdog cycle, a reset is issued.
199
CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER
200
CHAPTER 8
MEMORY CONTROLLER
This section explains the control of the built-in flash
memory installed in MB91F467RA and MB91F467RB.
There is an explanation concerning the direct map cash
that contributes at the instruction reading speed in the
FLASH memory, too.
8.1 Overview of Memory Controller.
8.2 Registers
8.3 Explanations of Registers
8.4 FLASH access timing settings
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
8.1
Overview of Memory Controller.
This section explains the overview of memory controller.
This module combines the interfaces to the F-bus memory resources, FLASH memory and General Purpose
RAM (also referenced as I/D-RAM). These memories can be combined CODE and DATA storage. While
code fetch is possible in general via the F-bus at the FR core, due to performance reasons the code fetch is
accelerated by a direct I-bus connection in this products.
For FLASH memory access the interface contains an instruction cache and data read buffer. A prefetch
mechanism removes CPU internal code fetch latencies for linear code.
FLASH memory is installed only on MB91F467R.
● FLASH Interface
• Wait timing
• Generation of FLASH control signals ATDIN and EQIN for synchronous access.
(this version supports independent timing configuration of ADTIN, EQIN and Wait)
• Generation of CEX, WEX and OEX
• Handling of 32 or 64 bit read mode and 16 or 32 bit read/write mode for programming
• Support of external SRAM for emulation devices with 1:1 timing transparency (same wait cycles)
• Measures for FLASH macro test and parallel programming support
● General-Purpose RAM
Zero wait cycle access to shared code/data memory (up to 64 Kbytes), also referenced as I/D-RAM
● Zero wait cycle access to shared code/data memory (up to 64 Kbytes), also referenced as I/D-RAM
Up to 8 Kbytes Instruction cache (4K words entries, one way direct mapped, prefetch miss option)
● Prefetch
• Prefetch of consecutive instruction word address to the cache buffer
• Prefetch is canceled in case of prefetch miss (branch or data access), thus it works without any penalties
in the prefetch miss case.
• The FLASH macro needs to support FLASH access cycle cancellation at any point, that means it may
not affect the timing of the next complete access cycle (no special recovery condition required from
previous access cancellation).
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
8.2
Registers
This section lists the FLASH interface registers.
■ FLASH Interface Register List
Table 8.2-1 FLASH-IF Register Overview
Register
Address
7000H
7004H
Block
+0
+1
FMCS [R/W]
00001000
FMCR [R/W]
----0000
FMWT [R/W]
11111111 01111111*1
11111111 01011101*2
+2
+3
FCHCR [R/W]
------00 1000011
FMWT2[R/W]
-101----
7008H
FMAC [R]
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
700CH
FCHA0
-------- -0000000 00000000 00000000
7010H
FCHA1
-------- -0000000 00000000 00000000
FLASH_IF
FMPS [R/W]
-----000
*1: Initial value on MB91461
*2: Initial value on MB91F467R
Notes:
• Read and write access to all registers is byte, halfword and word.
• FMCR and FMWT2 registers are not available on MB91461.
• The initial values of the wait cycle setting register FMWT differs between the flash-less evaluation
device MB91461 and devices with embedded flash memory.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
8.3
Explanations of Registers
This section explains a detailed function like the bit configuration etc. of the FLASH
interface register.
■ FLASH Interface Control Register
Control Register byte 0
bit
Address:7000H
31
30
29
ASYNC Reserved BIRE RDYEG
Read/write → (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Initial value →
bit 23
Control Register byte 1
Address:7001H
Read/write →
Initial value →
Control Register byte 2
28
bit
Address: 7002H
Read/write →
Initial value →
bit
Control Register byte 3
Address: 7003H
Read/write →
Initial value →
27
26
25
24
RDY
RDYI
RW16
LPM
(R)
(0)
(R)
(1)
19
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
22
21
20
-
-
-
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
REN
(TAGE)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
7
6
5
4
3
2
LOCK
ENAB
FLSH (DBEN) PFEN PFMC
FMCS
18
LOCK PHASE
17
16
PF2I
RD64
FMCR
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
FCHCR
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
1
0
SIZE1 SIZE0
FCHCR
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
● FLASH Memory Control and Status Register (FMCS)
[bit31] ASYNC: ASYNChronous access enable
0
Synchronous FLASH access (Initial value)
1
Asynchronous FLASH access
The ASYNC bit is cleared at reset, which enables the fast synchronous FLASH access mode by default.
To switch to asynchronous mode, set this bit (however it is basically not recommended to set this bit,
neither in read nor in write access).
[bit30] Reserved: Reserved bit
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
[bit29] BIRE: Burn-In ROM Enable
0
Disable Burn-In ROM and enable FLASH access at Burn-In ROM address (Initial value)
1
Enable access to the Burn-In ROM
[bit28] RDYEG: RDY status hold and qittation register
0
Auto algorithm not started or started and not completed (Initial value)
1
The FLASH auto-algorithm has been completed since last register read access.
The RDYEG bit is cleared after reset.
The bit is set after 0 →1 transition of FMCS_RDY. The bit shows that the RDY signal of the FLASH is
or was active (completed auto-algorithm). The RDYEG bit is cleared automatically at read access to
address 7000H.
The RDYEG bit is read-only status information.
[bit27] RDY: FLASH RDY status of auto-algorithm
This bit shows the status of the RDY line of the FLASH macro. RDY is used to signalize the state of the
FLASH macro in case of an auto-algorithm was started (e.g. sector erase, chip erase). If RDY returns to
"1", the auto-algorithm has been completed.
The RDY bit is read-only status information.
[bit26] RDYI: RDY output force
0
Inactive (Initial value)
1
Force the RDY output to "1"
This bit is reserved for FLASH test. Do not set this bit.
[bit25] RW16: 16 bit Read/Write enable to FLASH
0
32 bit read and write access to FLASH is enabled (Initial value)
1
16 bit read and write access to FLASH is enabled
This bit is cleared after reset. There is a 32 bit read and write access to the FLASH memory enabled by
initial value.
Setting of the RW16 bit implies switching from 32 bit into 16 bit mode. When it is intended to write
data to the flash memory (or while chip erase or sector erase) then code fetch from the flash memory is
not supported.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
Notes:
• To maintain data consistency it is strongly recommended to disable the instruction cache while
writing to the FLASH memory and to flush the instruction cache (FLUSH) after completing the
write procedure to the FLASH memory.
• It is not allowed to switch between the 16 bit, the 32 bit and the 64 bit mode while reading
instructions or data from the FLASH memory.
• There is no RW16 bit in MB91V460 (The change cannot operate).
[bit24] LPM: Low Power Mode
0
Low power mode off (Initial value)
1
Low power mode enabled
This bit is cleared after reset. The setting of the low power mode is switched off by initial value.
If LPM=0, CEX is permanently asserted to "0" (active). This enables fastest possible FLASH access
timing.
Setting this bit to "1" enables the low power mode. CEX is asserted low only in case of FLASH access.
In between the FLASH macro is in stand-by mode.
Note:
FLASH memory is not necessary to use this setting since the FLASH memory supports an
"automatic sleep mode" which puts the FLASH automatically in a low power consumption state when
not accessed.
● FLASH Memory Control Register (FMCR)
The FMCR register is not available on the MB91461.
[bit19] LOCK: ALEH auto-update lock
0
ALEH setting auto update is enabled (Initial value)
1
ALEH setting auto update is disabled
FLASH memories embedded on the MB91467R require a certain timing between ATDIN falling edge
and EQIN rising edge. This timing is named tALEH and has usually the same length as the ATDIN
duration.
By writing the setting of ATDIN length to the FMWT:ATD[2:0] bits, the FMWT2:ALEH[2:0] bits will
be updated automatically to the same setting. To avoid this automatic update it is possible to set the
LOCK bit.
It is also possible to apply a different setting to the FMWT2:ALEH[2:0] bits by writing first to the
FMWT:ATD[2:0] bits and second to the FMWT2:ALEH[2:0] bits.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
[bit18] PHASE: ATDIN/EQIN clock phase
0
ATDIN/EQIN generation is in phase with the core clock (Initial value)
1
ATDIN/EQIN generation is inverted to the core clock
At lower core clock frequencies it can be beneficial to change the ATDIN/EQIN generation to inverted
core clock to save a wait cycle compared to the generation of these signals in phase with the core clock.
It is recommended to always refer to the setting requirements of ATDIN, EQIN and wait cycles for each
product which are provided by our company (see also "8.4 FLASH access timing settings").
(PHASE setting is not available on MB91F467R)
[bit17] PF2I: Prefetch 32 bit (2 instructions) only
0
Prefetch 64 bit (Initial value)
1
Prefetch 32 bit only
When switching on 64 bit read mode (RD64=1) then prefetch will be performed on instruction address
IA+8 (when current access is aligned at IA+0) and on instruction address IA+4 (when current access is
aligned at IA+4). However, the setting of PF2I=1 in the 64 bit read mode will cause a prefetch only on
next instruction address IA+4 (independent of current access alignment is IA+0 or IA+4).
Usually prefetching 64 bit is superior to 32 bit only, however it can be the case on strong fragmented
code that the performance deteriorates due to replacement of cache entries. In this case it can be
sensible to switch to 32 bit prefetch only.
[bit16] RD64: Enable 64 bit read mode
0
64 bit read mode is disabled (Initial value)
1
64 bit read mode is enabled
Some embedded FLASH memories supports switching the 64 bit read mode to increase the access
performance.
Please contact our company if this feature is available on the product you are using.
This bit is cleared after reset. The 32 bit read and write access to the FLASH memory is enabled by
initial value.
Setting of the RD64 bit implies switching from 32 bit into 64 bit mode. Writing data to the flash
memory is not supported in the 64 bit read only mode.
Notes:
• It is not allowed to switch between the 16 bit, the 32 bit and the 64 bit mode while reading
instructions or data from the FLASH memory.
• There is no RD64 bit in MB91V460.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
● FLASH Cache Control Register (FCHCR)
[bit9] REN: Non-cacheable area Range Enable
0
FCHA1 defines address mask (Initial value)
1
FCHA1 defines second point for the non-cacheable address range from FCHA0 to FCHA1
The bit is cleared after reset. The address defined in FCHA0 is combined with a bit mask defined in
FCHA1 to define the non-cacheable area.
If the REN bit is set, the non-cacheable area is defined by two points. The non-cacheable range is from
addresses greater than or equal to FCHA0 up to addresses less than or equal to FCHA1.
[bit8] TAGE: TAG RAM access Enable
0
Memory mapped TAG RAM access disabled (Initial value)
1
Memory mapped TAG RAM access enabled
The bit is set to "0" after reset.
(TAG RAM access is not available on MB91F467R).
[bit7] FLUSH: Flush instruction cache entries
0
Flushing the instruction cache entries has been completed
1
Actually flushing the instruction cache entries
This bit is set after reset.
If the FLUSH bit is set, the instruction cache entries are flushed sequentially. During this initialization
the cache is disabled. The initialization has a duration of 1 clock cycle per cache entry. The number of
valid entries depends on the configured cache size.
After completion (all entries are flushed) the FLUSH bit is cleared by hardware.
Writing a "1" to this bit triggers the flushing of the cache entries.
Note:
It is not allowed to set the cache size configuration (FCHCR:SZ[1:0]) and FLUSH at the same time
(same write access). Always first set the size configuration before flushing the cache. The cash
capacity is 8 Kbyte for MB91F467R.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
[bit6] DBEN: Data Buffer ENable
0
Buffering of read data is disabled (Initial value)
1
Buffering of read data is enabled
This bit is cleared after reset. The read data buffer is disabled by initial value.
Setting the DBEN bit enables the data read buffer. This is useful to speed up reading of data structures
of 8 or 16 bit operands. There is one word data buffer implemented. If the same 32 or 64 bit word
address is accessed consecutively, the data is read from the buffer.
(Data buffer is not available on MB91F467R.)
[bit5] PFEN: PreFetch ENable
0
Prefetch of instructions is disabled (Initial value)
1
Prefetch of instructions is enabled
This bit is cleared after reset. The prefetch of instructions is disabled by initial value.
Setting the PFEN bit enables the code prefetch from the next word on instruction address IA+4.
Prefetch eliminates any latency in the code fetch path of the MCU to the FLASH memory for linear
code.
When switching on 64 bit read mode (RD64=1) then prefetch will be performed on instruction address
IA+8 (when current access is aligned at IA+0) and on instruction address IA+4 (when current access is
aligned at IA+4). However, the setting of PF2I=1 in the 64 bit read mode will cause a prefetch only on
next instruction address IA+4 (independent of current access alignment is IA+0 or IA+4).
A running prefetch cycle can be directly taken over from a matching instruction access. If there is no
instruction access in between, the prefetched instruction word is stored in cache memory. If there is an
FLASH access (code or data) to an address different from the prefetch address, the prefetch cycle is
cancelled immediately.
[bit4] PFMC: Prefetch Miss Cache enable
0
Standard cache algorithm (Initial value)
1
Prefetch misses are cached only
This bit is cleared after reset. The prefetch miss cache is disabled by initial value. The instruction cache
uses the standard algorithm of writing cache entries for each accessed instruction word from FLASH
memory.
Setting the PFMC bit switches to a second write algorithm for cache entries. This algorithm writes only
this instruction words to the cache, which are causing prefetch miss conditions.
The FR CPU requests approximately one instruction word (which contains two 16 bit instruction codes)
in two clock cycles. If the FLASH data throughput (one word in two cycles) is sufficient for the needs
of the CPU, the PFMC option is useful in most cases.
If the FLASH access time is two clock cycles, normally no wait states are generated when the next
instruction word is requested from a consecutive address and prefetch is enabled. Thus, caching such
209
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
linear code segments in conjunction with prefetch may not improve the code fetch performance, which
is at the optimum already. More interesting is to improve the situation for branches in the code, where
prefetch could not remove the latency of accessing it. If FPMC is set to "1", the cache algorithm stores
only these FLASH accesses, which have caused a wait condition due to a prefetch miss condition (not
matched predicted address).
The effect of this algorithm is, that the restricted amount of cache entries is utilized more efficiently.
Usually the same performance can be reached with half the cache size. Or, in other words, the cache is
as same efficient as it would have the doubled size.
The efficiency of the PFMC algorithm depends on the structure of the application.
[bit3] LOCK: Global lock of cache entries
0
Write of cache entries enabled (Initial value)
1
Writing of cache entries is disabled, the cache contents is locked
This bit is cleared during reset. The cache entries are writable by initial value.
If the LOCK bit is set, no new entries can be written to cache memory. The old contents of cache entries
remains in memory. There is only a global lock feature for all cache entries.
[bit2] ENAB: Instruction cache enable
0
Instruction cache is disabled (Initial value)
1
Instruction cache is enabled
This bit is cleared after reset. By initial value the instruction cache is disabled.
If the ENAB bit is set, the instruction cache is switched on. The instruction cache is dedicated to
FLASH access only.
The cache is utilized by the prefetch algorithm as prefetch buffer. Hence prefetch can be used in an
unbuffered form with cache disabled.
The FLASH access is started in parallel, independent from cache hit or miss evaluation.
(If the cache is disabled, the cache entries and the TAG RAM contents can be accessed memory
mapped. This feature is disabled in this version of the interface, see the explanation of the TAGE bit.)
[bit1, bit0] SZ[1:0]: Cache size configuration
00
0 Kbyte - Cache disabled
01
4 Kbytes (1024 entries)
10
8 Kbytes (2048 entries)
11
16 Kbytes (4096 entries) (Initial value)
The cache size is set to "11B" after reset.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
Notes:
• The number of cache entries determines the TAG initialization period at device startup, see the
explanation of the FLUSH bit above.
• Set the capacity configuration to 8 Kbytes before using FLASH cache.
• It is not allowed to set the cache size configuration (FCHCR:SZ[1:0]) and FLUSH at the same
time (same write access). Always first set the size configuration before flushing the cache.
• The cash of 8 Kbytes is built into MB91F467R, and set A6H, please after setting 02H to the
FCHCR register.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
■ FLASH Memory Wait Timing Register (FMWT)
FLASH Memory Wait Timing Register byte0
30
bit 31
Address: 7004H
29
28
27
26
WTP1 WTP0 WEXH1 WEXH0 WTC3 WTC2
25
24
WTC1
WTC0
FMWT
Read/Write → (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Default value →
FLASH Memory Wait Timing Register byte1
bit 23
Address: 7005H
Read/Write →
Default value →
22
(FRAM) ATD2
Read/Write →
Default value →
Read/Write →
Default value →
19
18
17
16
ATD1
ATD0
EQ3
EQ2
EQ1
EQ0
13
12
11
10
9
8
FMWT1
FMWT2
-
ALEH2 ALEH1 ALEH0
-
-
-
-
(X)
(-)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(0)
(1)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
FLASH Memory Wait Timing Register byte3
bit 7
Address: 7007H
20
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(1) (1/0) (1)
(1)
(1)
(1/0) (1)
FLASH Memory Wait Timing Register byte2
14
bit 15
Address: 7006H
21
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
PS2
PS1
PS0
(-)
(-)
(-)
(- )
(-)
(- )
(-)
(- )
(-)
(-)
FMPS
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Notes:
• ATD[2:0] setting is 7H on MB91461 and 5H on MB91F467R.
• EQ[3:0] setting is FH on MB91461 and DH on MB91F467R.
• FMWT2 is not available on MB91461.
[bit31, bit30] WTP[1:0]: Wait cycles for FLASH in page access
WTP is set to "11B" after reset.
WTP controls the wait timing of the FLASH access in case of page hit for Page Mode FLASH. The
WTP configuration is in units of clock cycles. The value of WTP should be set to the intra page access
time (cycle time) of the FLASH memory in number of clock cycles, subtracted by one.
The setting is used if the page size PS[2:0] is set different to 0.
[bit29, bit28] WEXH[1:0]: Minimum WEX High timing requirement
WEXH is set to "11B" after reset. The minimum high time duration of WEX is 5 cycles by initial value.
Setting an other value reduces the WEX high time to 2 fixed cycles + WEXH.
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
[bit27 to bit24] WTC[3:0]: Wait cycles for FLASH memory access
WTC is set to "1111B" after reset.
WTC controls the wait timing of the FLASH access. The WTC configuration is in units of clock cycles.
The value of WTC should be set to the access time (cycle time) of the FLASH memory in number of
clock cycles, subtracted by one.
[bit23] FRAM: Wait cycles for F-bus general purpose RAM memory access
FRAM is set to "0" after reset.
This is a reserved bit. This version on MB91V460 has no configurable wait timing to F-bus RAM, it
operates with fixed "0" wait states RAM access.
[bit22 to bit20] ATD[2:0]: Duration of the ATDIN signal for FLASH memory access
MB91461: ATD is set to "111B" after reset. ATD defaults to 4 clock cycles.
MB91F467R: ATD is set to "101B" after reset. ATD defaults to 3 clock cycles.
ATD controls the timing of the ATDIN signal for FLASH access. The ATD configuration is in units of
half clock cycles.
The effective high duration of ATDIN equals to tATDIN=(ATD+1) x 0.5 clock cycles.
[bit19 to bit16] EQ[3:0]: Duration of the EQIN signal for FLASH memory access
MB91461: EQ is set to "1111B" after reset. EQ defaults to 8 clock cycles.
MB91F467R: EQ is set to "1101B" after reset. EQ defaults to 7 clock cycles.
EQ controls the timing of the EQIN signal for FLASH access. The EQ configuration is in units of half
clock cycles.
The effective high duration of EQIN equals to tEQIN=(EQ+1) x 0.5 clock cycles.
[bit14 to bit12] ALEH[2:0]: Duration of the ALEH time for FLASH memory access
MB91461: not available
MB91F467R: ALEH is set to "101B" after reset. ALEH defaults to 3 clock cycles.
ALEH controls the timing of the ATDIN falling edge to EQIN rising edge for FLASH access.
The EQ configuration is in units of half clock cycles. The effective duration of ALEH equals to
tALEH=(ALEH+1) x 0.5 clock cycles.
Note:
ALEH[2:0] is updated automatically to the same value as ATD[2:0] when writing to ATD[2:0]. Usually
the ALEH time equals the ATD time, so there is normally no reason to update ALEH[2:0] in
particular.
Even though it is possible to program ALEH[2:0] with a different value than ATD[2:0] by:
• Writing a different value to ALEH[2:0] after writing to ATD[2:0], or
• Setting the FMCR:LOCK bit to disable the auto update
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
● FLASH access cycle waveform
Figure 8.3-1 Timing of a FLASH Access Cycle
flash_start
FMA
ATDIN
EQIN
flash_wait
DO
tATD
tALEH
tEQ
tWTC
tRC
Figure 8.3-1 shows the example of a FLASH access cycle. In the FMWT register the three parts of the
FLASH timing tATD, tALEH, tEQ and tWTC can be configured independently. The table below lists the
configuration values for this example.
Symbol
Length
Setup
tATD
1.5 cycles
ATD=010B
tALEH
1.5 cycles
ALEH=010B
tEQ
3 cycles
EQ=0101B
tWTC
6 cycles
WTC=0110B
The resulting FLASH access cycle (tRC) time is 7 cycles (WTC+1).
[bit2 to bit0]: PS[2:0] - Page size definition for Page Mode FLASH
PS is set to "000B" after reset. Page Mode FLASH is disabled by default.
This setting defines the page size to 2PS in number of bytes.
(Embedded FLASH memories on MB91F467R do not support page mode)
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CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
■ FLASH Memory Address Check Register (FMAC)
FMAC
[R]
Address
+0
+1
+2
+3
7008H
--------
-0000000
00000000
00000000
This register captures the address at the begin of a FLASH access cycle for test purposes.
The register could be read only.
■ Non-cacheable Area Definition
The non-cacheable area definition registers FCHA0 and FCHA1 define the FLASH region not to be
cached. Not used bits are read back as "0". The tables below define the initial values of the registers. The
point defined by FCHA0 = 0 and mask bits off is located outside the FLASH region, thus initially the
whole FLASH region will be cached.
FCHA0
[R/W]
Address
+0
+1
+2
+3
700CH
--------
-0000000
00000000
00000000
FCHA1
[R/W]
Address
+0
+1
+2
+3
7010H
--------
-0000000
00000000
00000000
If the FCHCR_REN bit is cleared, the address range is defined by the address given by FCHA0, masked
with the bits set to "1" in FCHA1.
Example 1 (Point and mask range definition):
- FCHCR_REN = 0
- FCHA0 = 000F:A300
- FCHA1 = 0000:FFFF
The non-cacheable area is defined from 000F:0000H to 000F:FFFFH.
Example 2 (Point to point range definition):
- FCHCR_REN = 1
- FCHA0 = 000F:A300
- FCHA1 = 000F:F7FF
The non-cacheable area is defined from 000F:A300H to 000F:F7FFH.
215
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
8.4
FLASH access timing settings
This section explains the read/write timing settings of FLASH memory.
The settings shown below are currently based on simulation results only and are subject to change after device
evaluation.
Please contact Fujitsu to check whether these settings are valid for your product.
■ Read Timing Settings
Table 8.4-1 Read Timing Settings of FLASH Memory
Core clock CLKB
ATD
ALEH
EQ
WEXH
WTC
2MHz
000B
000B
0000B
-
0001B
32MHz, 48MHz
000B
000B
0001B
-
0010B
64MHz, 80MHz, 96MHz, 100MHz
001B
001B
0011B
-
0100B
Notes:
• These settings are for FLASH memory synchronous read mode (FMCS:ASYNC=0).
• The ALEH setting is the same as the ATD setting therefore it will be updated automatically when
applying a new setting value to the FMWT:ATD[2:0] register.
■ Write Timing Settings
Table 8.4-2 Write Timing Settings of FLASH Memory
Core clock CLKB
216
ATD
EQ
ALEH
WEXH
WTC
2MHz
000B
-
-
00B
0011B
32MHz
001B
-
-
00B
0100B
48MHz
001B
-
-
00B
0101B
64MHz
001B
-
-
00B
0110B
80MHz, 96MHz
001B
-
-
00B
0111B
100MHz
001B
-
-
01B
1000B
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
Notes:
• These settings are for FLASH memory synchronous write mode (FMCS:ASYNC=0).
• Do not set less than 3 wait cycles in the FLASH memory synchronous write mode.
• Writing to FLASH memory is only possible in 16 bit access mode (FMCS:RW16=1 and
FMCR:RD64=0) or 32 bit access mode (FMCS:RW16=0 and FMCR:RD64=0).
217
CHAPTER 8 MEMORY CONTROLLER
218
CHAPTER 9
EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
This chapter explains each function of the external bus
interface.
9.1 Features of External Bus Interface
9.2 External Bus Interface Registers
9.3 Chip Select Area
9.4 Endian and Bus Access
9.5 Normal Bus Interface
9.6 Address/Data Multiplex Interface
9.7 DMA Access
9.8 Procedure for Setting Registers
219
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.1
Features of External Bus Interface
This section explains the features of the external bus interface.
■ Features of External Bus Interface
• Addresses of up to 24-bit length can be outputted.
• Various types of external memory (8-bit/16-bit) can be directly connected and multiple access timings
can be mixed and controlled.
- Asynchronous SRAM and asynchronous ROM/FLASH memory
(Multiple write strobe method)
- Address/data multiplex bus (8-bit/16-bit width only)
• Five independent banks (chip select areas) can be set, and chip select corresponding to each bank can be
outputted.
- CS0 to CS4 can be set to the space between "00040000H" and "00FFFFFFH" in units of 64 Kbytes to
2048 Mbytes.
- Boundaries may be limited depending on the size of the area.
• In each chip select area, the following functions can be set independently:
- Enabling and disabling of the chip select area
(Disabled areas cannot be accessed)
- Setting of the access timing type such as support for various types of memory
- Detailed access timing setting
(Individual setting of the access type such as the wait cycle)
- Setting of the data bus width (8-bit/16-bit)
• A different detailed timing can be set for each access timing type.
- For the same type of access timing, a different setting can be made in each chip select area.
- Auto-wait can be set to up to 7 cycles.
(Asynchronous SRAM, ROM, Flash and I/O area)
- The bus cycle can be extended by external RDY input.
(Asynchronous SRAM, ROM, Flash and I/O area)
- Various types of idle/recovery cycles and setup delays can be inserted.
220
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Block Diagram of External Bus Interface
Figure 9.1-1 shows the block diagram of external bus interface.
Figure 9.1-1 Block Diagram of External Bus Interface
Internal
Address Bus
32
Internal
Data Bus
32
A-Out
Write
Buffer
Switch
Read
Buffer
Switch
M
U
X
External
Data Bus
Data Block
Address Block
+1 or +2
External
Address Bus
Address
Buffer
Comparator
ASR
ASZ
External Pin Control
All Block Control
Register
&
Control
CS0X to CS4X
ASX, RDX
WR0X, WR1X
BRQ
BGRNTX
RDY
SYSCLK
221
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ I/O Pins
I/O pins are external bus interface pins.
[Normal bus interface]
A23 to A00, D31 to D16 (AD15 to AD00)
CS0X, CS1X, CS2X, CS3X, CS4X
ASX, SYSCLK, RDX, WR0X, WR1X, WEX
RDY, BRQ, BGRNTX, MCLKE, MCLKI, MCLKO, BAAX
note:
It is time when it uses an external bus with MB91F467R and set FPR10_5 to "0", please when you
do not use SDRAM. When this is set to "1", it is necessary to connect MCLKI with MCLKO. This
necessity is not in MB91461. Moreover, there is MCLKE, MCLKI or neither MCLKO nor BAAX in
MB91461.
■ Register List of External Bus Interface
Figure 9.1-2 lists the register list of external bus interface.
Figure 9.1-2 Register List of External Bus Interface
Address
bit
31
24
23
16
15
7
0
000640H
ASR0
ACR0
000644H
ASR1
ACR1
000648H
ASR2
ACR2
00064CH
ASR3
ACR3
000650H
ASR4
ACR4
000660H
AWR0
AWR1
000664H
AWR2
AWR3
000668H
AWR4
Reserved
000678H
IOWR0
IOWR1
IOWR2
Reserved
000680H
CSER
CHER
Reserved
TCR
0007FCH
Reserved
MODR*
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved: Reserved register. Be sure to set "0" at rewrite.
*: MODR cannot be accessed from user programs.
222
8
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2
External Bus Interface Registers
This section explains the registers used in the external bus interface.
■ Overview of External Bus Interface Registers
The following seven types of registers are used by the external bus interface:
• Area Select Register (ASR0 to ASR4)
• Area Configuration Register (ACR0 to ACR4)
• Area Wait Register (AWR0 to AWR4)
• I/O Wait Register for DMAC (IOWR0 to IOWR2)
• Chip Select Enable Register (CSER)
• CacHe Enable Register (CHER)
• Terminal and Timing Control Register (TCR)
223
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2.1
Area Select Register (ASR0 to ASR4)
This section explains the details of area select registers.
■ Register Configuration of ASR0 to ASR4 (Area Select Register)
Figure 9.2-1 shows the register configuration of ASR0 to ASR4 (area select register).
Figure 9.2-1 Register Configuration of ASR0 to ASR4 (Area Select Register)
ASR0
bit15
...
8
7
6
...
1
0
000640H
A31
...
A24
A23
A22
...
A17
A16
ASR1
bit15
...
8
7
6
1
0
000644H
A31
...
A24
A23
A22
A17
A16
ASR2
bit15
...
8
7
6
1
0
000648H
A31
...
A24
A23
A22
A17
A16
ASR3
bit15
...
8
7
6
1
0
00064CH
A31
...
A24
A23
A22
A17
A16
ASR4
bit15
...
8
7
6
1
0
00064CH
A31
...
A24
A23
A22
A17
A16
...
...
...
...
Initial value
At INIT At RST
Access
0000H
0000H
R/W
XXXXH
XXXXH
R/W
XXXXH
XXXXH
R/W
XXXXH
XXXXH
R/W
XXXXH
XXXXH
R/W
[bit15 to bit0] A31 to A16: Area start address
ASR0 to ASR4 (Area Select Registers 0 to 4) specify the start address of each chip select area for CS0X
to CS4X.
The start address can be set in the high-order 16 bits A[31:16]. Each chip select area starts with the
address set in this register and covers the range set by ASZ[3:0] bits of the ACR0 to ACR4 registers.
The boundary of each chip select area is specified by the setting of ASZ[3:0] bits of the ACR0 to ACR4
registers. For example, if an area of 1Mbyte is set by ASZ[3:0] bits, the low-order 4 bits of the ASR0 to
ASR4 registers are ignored and only A[23:20] bits are valid.
The ASR0 register is initialized to "0000H" by INIT or RST. ASR1 to ASR4 are not initialized by INIT
or RST but become undefined. After starting LSI operation, be sure to set the corresponding ASR
register by CSER register before enabling each chip select area.
224
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2.2
Area Configuration Register (ACR0 to ACR4)
This section explains the details of area configuration registers.
■ Register Configuration of Area Configuration Register (ACR0 to ACR3)
Register configuration of ACR0 to ACR3 is as follows.
Figure 9.2-2 Register Configuration of ACR0 to ACR3 (Area Configuration Register)
ACR0 Higher
000642H
ACR0 Lower
000643H
ACR1 Higher
000646H
ACR1 Lower
000647H
ACR2 Higher
00064AH
ACR2 Lower
00064BH
ACR3 Higher
00064EH
ACR3 Lower
00064FH
ACR4 Higher
000652H
ACR4 Lower
000653H
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
6
5
SREN PFEN WREN
bit15
14
13
4
0
12
R/W
TYP3 TYP2 TYP1 TYP0 00000000B 00000000B
R/W
3
11
2
10
1
9
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
14
13
12
11
10
9
6
5
4
3
2
1
14
13
12
11
10
9
6
5
4
3
2
1
14
13
12
11
10
9
6
5
4
3
2
1
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
8
ASZ3 ASZ2 ASZ1 ASZ0 DBW1 DBW0 BST1 BST0
bit7
xxxxxxxxB
0
SREN PFEN WREN LEND TYP3 TYP2 TYP1 TYP0
bit15
xxxxxxxxB
8
ASZ3 ASZ2 ASZ1 ASZ0 DBW1 DBW0 BST1 BST0
bit7
R/W
0
SREN PFEN WREN LEND TYP3 TYP2 TYP1 TYP0
bit15
xxxxxxxxB
8
ASZ3 ASZ2 ASZ1 ASZ0 DBW1 DBW0 BST1 BST0
bit7
xxxxxxxxB
0
SREN PFEN WREN LEND TYP3 TYP2 TYP1 TYP0
bit15
1111**00B
0
ASZ3 ASZ2 ASZ1 ASZ0 DBW1 DBW0 BST1 BST0
bit7
Access
1111**00B
ASZ3 ASZ2 ASZ1 ASZ0 DBW1 DBW0 BST1 BST0
bit7
Initial value
At INIT
At RST
0
SREN PFEN WREN LEND TYP3 TYP2 TYP1 TYP0
ACR0 to ACR4 (Area Configuration Registers 0 to 4) set the functions of each chip select area.
The same value of the WTH bit of mode vector is written to the initial value of DBW1, DBW0 bit of ACR0.
225
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit15 to bit12] ASZ3 to ASZ0 = Area Size bits [3:0]
Table 9.2-1 lists the size of each chip select area by area size bits.
Table 9.2-1 Size of Each Chip Select Area by Area Size Bits
ASZ3
ASZ2
ASZ1
ASZ0
Size of each chip select area
0
0
0
0
64 Kbytes
(00010000H byte, ASR A[31:16] bit specification is valid)
0
0
0
1
128 Kbytes
(00020000H byte, ASR A[31:17] bit specification is valid)
0
0
1
0
256 Kbytes
(00040000H byte, ASR A[31:18] bit specification is valid)
0
0
1
1
512 Kbytes
(00080000H byte, ASR A[31:19] bit specification is valid)
0
1
0
0
1 Mbyte
(00100000H byte, ASR A[31:20] bit specification is valid)
0
1
0
1
2 Mbytes
(00200000H byte, ASR A[31:21] bit specification is valid)
0
1
1
0
4 Mbytes
(00400000H byte, ASR A[31:22] bit specification is valid)
0
1
1
1
8 Mbytes
(00800000H byte, ASR A[31:23] bit specification is valid)
1
0
0
0
16 Mbytes
(01000000H byte, ASR A[31:24] bit specification is valid)
1
0
0
1
32 Mbytes
(02000000H byte, ASR A[31:25] bit specification is valid)
1
0
1
0
64 Mbytes
(04000000H byte, ASR A[31:26] bit specification is valid)
1
0
1
1
128 Mbytes
(08000000H byte, ASR A[31:27] bit specification is valid)
1
1
0
0
256 Mbytes
(10000000H byte, ASR A[31:28] bit specification is valid)
1
1
0
1
512 Mbytes
(20000000H byte, ASR A[31:29] bit specification is valid)
1
1
1
0
1024 Mbytes
(40000000H byte, ASR A[31:30] bit specification is valid)
1
1
1
1
2048 Mbytes
(80000000H byte, ASR A[31] bit specification is valid)
ASZ[3:0] are used to set the size of each area by changing the number of bits for address comparison
with ASR. Thus, an ASR contains bits that are not compared.
ASZ[3:0] bits of ACR0 are initialized to "1111B" by RST. Despite this setting, however, the CS0 area
just after RST is exceptionally set from "00000000H" to "FFFFFFFFH" (setting of entire area). The
entire area setting is cancelled after the first writing to ACR0 and an appropriate size is set as indicated
in the above table.
226
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit11, bit10] DBW1, DBW0: Data Bus Width 1, 0
Table 9.2-2 lists the data bus width of each chip select area.
Table 9.2-2 Data Bus Width of Each Chip Select Area
DBW1
DBW0
Data bus width
0
0
8-bit
0
1
16-bit (halfwordaccess)
1
0
Reserved, Setting disabled
1
1
Reserved, Setting disabled
(byteaccess)
The same values as those of the WTH bits of the mode vector are written automatically to bits DBW1
and DBW0 of ACR0 during the reset sequence.
[bit9, bit8] BST1, BST0: Burst Size 1, 0
Table 9.2-3 lists the burst size of each chip select area.
Table 9.2-3 Burst Size of Each Chip Select Area
BST1
BST0
Maximum burst size
0
0
1 (Single access)
0
1
2 bursts
1
0
4 bursts
1
1
8 bursts
Areas with the burst size setting other than single access execute continuous burst access within the
address boundary defined by the burst size only when prefetch access is executed or data with size over
bus width is read.
The maximum burst size shall not exceed 2 bursts in 16-bit bus width area.
[bit7] SREN: ShaRed ENable
Table 9.2-4 lists the enabling and disabling of BRQ/BGRNTX sharing in each chip select area.
Table 9.2-4 Enabling and Disabling of BRQ/BGRNTX Sharing in Each Chip Select Area
SREN
Share enabled/disabled
0
BRQ/BGRNTX sharing disabled (CSnX does not become Hi-Z.)
1
BRQ/BGRNTX sharing enabled (CSnX becomes Hi-Z.)
In sharing enabled areas, CSnX becomes Hi-Z when bus is open (when BGRNTX="L" outputting). In
sharing disabled areas, CSnX does not become Hi-Z even when bus is open (when BGRNTX="L"
outputting). Access strobe outputs (RDX, WR1X, WR0X) become Hi-Z only when sharing is enabled
in all areas enabled by CSER.
227
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit6] PFEN: PreFetch ENable
Table 9.2-5 lists the enabling and disabling of prefetch in each chip select area.
Table 9.2-5 Enabling and Disabling of Prefetch in Each Chip Select Area
PFEN
Prefetch enabled/disabled
0
Prefetch disabled
1
Prefetch enabled
When an area where prefetch is enabled is read, prefetch is performed to the subsequent address and the
content is stored in a built-in prefetch buffer. When the internal bus accesses to the stored address, the
prefetch data in the prefetch buffer is returned without executing external accesses.
[bit5] WREN: WRite ENable
Table 9.2-6 lists the enabling and disabling of writing to each chip select area.
Table 9.2-6 Enabling and Disabling of Writing to Each Chip Select Area
WREN
Write enabled/disabled
0
Write disabled
1
Write enabled
If an area where write operations are disabled is accessed for a write operation from the internal bus, the
access is ignored and no external access is performed.
Set "1" for the WREN bit of areas where write operations are required, such as data areas.
[bit4] LEND: Little ENDian select
Table 9.2-7 lists the byte ordering in each chip select area.
Table 9.2-7 Byte Ordering in Each Chip Select Area
LEND
Byte ordering
0
Big endian
1
Little endian
LEND bit of ACR0 is constantly set to "0" and so the byte ordering is always big endian.
228
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit3 to bit0] TYP[3:0]: TYPe select
Table 9.2-7 lists the access type of each chip select area.
Table 9.2-8 Access Type of Each Chip Select Area
TYP3
TYP2
TYP1
TYP0
0
X
X
Normal access (Asynchronous SRAM, I/O, ROM/Flash)
1
X
X
Address data multiplex access
(8/16-bit bus width only)
X
0
Disable WAIT insertion by RDY pin
X
1
Enable WAIT insertion by RDY pin
0
X
Use the WR0X and WR1X pins as write strobes
1
X
Setting disabled
0
Setting disabled
1
Setting disabled
0
X
1
Access type
0
0
0
1
0
Setting disabled
0
1
1
Setting disabled
1
0
0
Setting disabled
1
0
1
Setting disabled
1
1
0
Setting disabled
1
1
1
Mask area setting
(The access type is the same as that of the overlapped area) *
Set the access type in combination of each bit.
*: CS area mask setting function
If you want to define an area in where some of the operation settings are changed in a certain CS area
(hereinafter referred to as the base setting area), you can set ACR:TYP[3:0]=1111B in the setting of
another CS area so that the area can function as a mask setting area.
If you do not use the mask setting function, disable the settings of any overlapping area over multiple
CS areas.
Access operations to the mask setting area are as follows:
- CSX corresponding to a mask setting area is not asserted.
- CSX corresponding to a base setting area is asserted.
- For the following ACR settings, the settings on the mask setting area side become valid:
bit11, bit10 (DBW1, DBW0):
Bus width setting
bit9, bit8 (BST1, BST0):
Burst size setting
bit7 (SREN):
Sharing-enable setting
bit6 (PFEN):
Prefetch-enable setting
bit5 (WREN):
Write-enable setting (* For this setting only, a setting that is
different from that of the base setting area is not allowed.)
bit4 (LEND):
Little endian setting
229
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
- For the following ACR setting, the setting on the base setting area side becomes valid:
bit3 to bit0 (TYP3 to TYP0): Access type setting
- For the AWR setting, the setting on the mask setting area side becomes valid.
- For the CHER setting, the setting on the mask setting area side becomes valid.
A mask setting area can be set only within a part of another CS area (base setting area). You cannot set
a mask setting area for an area without a base setting area. Also do not overlap mask setting areas. Use
care when setting ASR and ACR:ASZ[1:0] bits.
Notes:
The following restrictions apply for [bit3 to bit0] TYP[3:0]:
• A write-enable setting cannot be implemented by a mask.
• Set the same write-enable setting for the base CS area and the mask setting area.
• If write operations to a mask setting area are disabled, the area is not masked and operates as a
base CS area.
• If write operations to the base CS area are disabled but are enabled to the mask setting area, the
area becomes no base setting area and malfunctions will occur.
230
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2.3
Area Wait Register (AWR0 to AWR4)
This section explains the details of area wait register.
■ Register Configuration of Area Wait Register (AWR0 to AWR4)
Figure 9.2-3 shows the register configuration of AWR0 to AWR3.
Figure 9.2-3 Register Configuration of AWR0 to AWR3
AWR0 Higher bit31
0000 0660H
W15
AWR0 Lower bit23
0000 0661H
W07
AWR1 Higher bit15
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
W14
W13
W12
W11
W10
W09
W08
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
W06
W05
W04
W03
W02
W01
W00
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
0000 0662H
W15
W14
W13
W12
W11
W10
W09
AWR1 Lower
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0000 0663H
W07
W06
W05
W04
W03
W02
W01
30
29
28
27
26
25
W14
W13
W12
W11
W10
W09
22
21
20
19
18
17
W06
W05
W04
W03
W02
W01
14
13
12
11
10
9
AWR2 Higher bit31
0000 0664H
W15
AWR2 Lower bit23
0000 0665H
W07
AWR3 Higher bit15
0000 0666H
W15
W14
W13
W12
W11
W10
W09
AWR3 Lower
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0000 0667H
W07
W06
W05
W04
W03
W02
W01
14
13
12
11
10
9
AWR4 Higher bit15
0000 0668H
W15
W14
W13
W12
W11
W10
W09
AWR4 Lower
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0000 0669H
W07
W06
W05
W04
W03
W02
W01
Initial value
At INIT
At RST
Access
01111111B
01111111B
R/W
11111011B
11111011B
R/W
W08 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
0
W00 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
24
W08 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
16
W00 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
8
W08 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
0
W00 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
8
W08 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
0
W00 XXXXXXXXB XXXXXXXXB
R/W
AWR0 to AWR4 specify various types of wait timing for each chip select area.
The function of each bit changes according to the access type (TYP[3:0] bits) setting of the ACR0 to ACR4
registers.
231
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Normal Access and Address/Data Multiplex Access
A chip select area set with the following setting for the access type (TYP[3:0] bits) of ACR0 to ACR4
registers becomes the area either for normal access or address/data multiplex access operation.
Table 9.2-9 Access Type
TYP3
TYP2
TYP1
TYP0
Access type
0
0
X
X
Normal access
(Asynchronous SRAM, I/O, ROM/Flash)
0
1
X
X
Address data multiplex access
(8/16-bit bus width only)
The functions of each bit in AWR0 to AWR3 for a normal access and address/data multiplex access area
are shown below. Since the initial values of the registers other than AWR0 are undefined, set them before
enabling each area by CSER register.
[bit15 to bit12] W15 to W12: First access wait cycle
These bits set the number of auto-wait cycles to be inserted into the first access cycle for each cycle. For
cycles except burst access cycle, only this wait setting is used.
The CS0 area is set to its initial value 7 (wait). The initial values of other areas are undefined.
Table 9.2-10 First Access Wait Cycle
W15
W14
W13
W12
First access wait cycle
0
0
0
0
Auto-wait cycle 0
0
0
0
1
Auto-wait cycle 1
...
1
1
...
1
1
Auto-wait cycle 15
[bit11 to bit8] W11 to W08: Inpage access wait cycle
These bits set the number of auto-wait cycles of inpage access in burst access. These bits are valid only
in burst access cycle.
Table 9.2-11 Inpage Access Wait Cycle
W11
W10
W09
W08
Inpage access wait cycle
0
0
0
0
Auto-wait cycle 0
0
0
0
1
Auto-wait cycle 1
...
1
1
...
1
1
Auto-wait cycle 15
Even if the same value is set to both first access wait cycle and inpage access wait cycle, the access time
from the address in each access cycle is not the same (since the inpage access cycle includes address
output delay).
232
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit7, bit6] W07, W06: Read → Write idle cycle
The read → write idle cycle is set to prevent collision of read data and write data on the data bus when a
write cycle follows a read cycle. During an idle cycle, all chip select signals are negated and the data
pins maintain the Hi-Z state.
If a write cycle follows a read cycle or an access operation to another chip select area occurs after a read
cycle, the specified idle cycle is inserted.
Table 9.2-12 Read → Write Idle Cycle
Read → Write idle cycle
W07
W06
0
0
0 cycle
0
1
1 cycle
1
0
2 cycles
1
1
3 cycles
[bit5, bit4] W05, W04: Write recovery cycle
The write recovery cycle is set to control the access to a device if the device has a limit for the access
interval period after a write access. During a write recovery cycle, all chip select signals are negated and
the data pins maintain the high impedance state.
If the write recovery cycle is set to "1" or more, one or more write recovery cycles are always inserted
after a write access.
Table 9.2-13 Write Recovery Cycle
W05
W04
Write recovery cycle
0
0
0 cycle
0
1
1 cycle
1
0
2 cycles
1
1
3 cycles
233
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit3] W03: WR1X, WR0X output timing selection
The WR1X, WR0X output timing setting is used to select whether to use a write strobe output as an
asynchronous strobe or as a synchronous write enable. Use it as an asynchronous strobe to support
normal memory I/O, and use it as a synchronous enable to support clock synchronous memory I/O
(such as ASIC built-in memory).
Table 9.2-14 WR1X, WR0X Output Timing Selection
W03
WR1X, WR0X output timing selection
0
SYSCLK synchronous write enable output (Valid from ASX="L")
1
Asynchronous write strobe output (Normal operation)
When selecting synchronous write enable (AWR:W03 bit is "0"), its operations are described as
follows:
• Synchronous write enable output timing is the timing based on the assumption that the output is
captured at the rising edge of the SYSCLK output of external memory access clock. The timing is
different from that of asynchronous strobe output.
• The WR1X, WR0X pin output asserts the synchronous write enable output from the timing when
ASX pin output is asserted. When writing to external bus, the synchronous write enable output
outputs "L". When reading from external bus, the synchronous write enable output outputs "H".
• Write data is outputted from the external data output pin in the next cycle of the cycle in which a
synchronous write enable output is asserted.
• The read strobe output (RDX) functions as an asynchronous read strobe regardless of the WR1X,
WR0X output timing setting. Use it for data I/O direction control as it is.
• When using the synchronous write enable output, the following restrictions are applied:
• Do not set the following additional wait settings:
- CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup setting (Always write "0" for AWR:W01 bit.)
- First access wait cycle setting (Always write "0000B" for AWR:W15 to W12 bits.)
• Do not set the following access type settings (TYP[3:0] bits (bit[3:0]) of ACR register):
- Setting that uses WR1X and WR0X as write strobes (Always write "0" for ACR:TYP1 bit.)
- Address/data multiplex bus setting (Always write "0" for ACR:TYP2 bit.)
- RDY input enable setting (Always write "0" for ACR:TYP0 bit.)
• When using synchronous write enable output, always set the burst length to "1" (set "00B" for
ACR:BST[1:0] bits).
234
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit2] W02: Address → CSX delay
The address → CSX delay setting is set when a certain setup is required for the address when CSX falls,
or when CSX edges are needed even for consecutive accesses to the same chip select area.
Set the delay of CS0X to CS4X output from address or ASX output.
Table 9.2-15 Address → CSX Delay
Address → CSX delay
W02
0
No delay
1
Delay
If no delay is selected by setting "0", assertion of CS0X to CS4X starts at the same timing that ASX is
asserted. If, at this point, consecutive accesses are made to the same chip select area, assertion of CS0X
to CS4X may continue during both access operations without change.
If delay is specified by selecting "1", assertion of CS0X to CS4X starts when the external memory clock
SYSCLK output rises. If, at this point, consecutive accesses are made to the same chip select area,
CS0X to CS4X negate timing occurs during both access operations.
If CSX delay is selected, one setup cycle is inserted before asserting the read/write strobe after assertion
of the delayed CSX (operation is the same as the CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup setting of W01).
[bit1] W01: CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup extension cycle
The CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup extension cycle is set to extend the period before the read/write
strobe is asserted after CSX is asserted. At least one setup extension cycle is inserted before the read/
write strobe is asserted after CSX is asserted.
Table 9.2-16 CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X Setup Extension Cycle
CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup extension cycle
W01
0
0 cycle
1
1 cycle
If 0 cycle is selected by setting "0", RDX/WR1X,WR0X are outputted, at the fastest, from the rising of
external memory clock SYSCLK output right after CSX assertion. Depending on the internal bus
condition, WR0X and WR1X may be delayed one or more cycles.
If 1 cycle is selected by setting "1", RDX/WR1X,WR0X are outputted with delay of one or more
cycles.
When making consecutive accesses within the same chip select area without negating CSX, this setup
extension cycle is not inserted. If a setup extension cycle for determining the address is required, enable
W02 bit and insert the address → CSX delay so that CSX is once negated for each access operation and
this setup extension cycle is enabled.
If CSX delay setting of W02 is inserted, this setup cycle becomes valid regardless of the W01 bit
setting.
235
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit0] W00: RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold extension cycle
The RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold extension cycle is set to extend the period before negating CSX
after the read/write strobe is negated. One hold extension cycle is inserted before CSX is negated after
the read/ write strobe is negated.
Table 9.2-17 RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX Hold Extension Cycle
RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold extension cycle
W00
0
0 cycle
1
1 cycle
If 0 cycle is selected by setting "0", CS0X to CS3X are negated after passing the hold delay from the
rising edge of external memory clock SYSCLK output after RDX/WR1X,WR0X are negated.
If 1 cycle is selected by setting "1", CS0X to CS4X are negated one cycle later.
When making consecutive accesses within the same chip select area without negating CSX, this hold
extension cycle is not inserted. If a hold extension cycle for determining the address is required, enable
W02 bit and insert the address → CSX delay so that CSX is once negated for each access operation and
this hold extension cycle is enabled.
236
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2.4
I/O Wait Register for DMAC (IOWR0 to IOWR2)
This section explains the details of I/O wait register.
■ Register Configuration of IOWR0 to IOWR2
Register configuration of IOWR0 to IOWR2 are as follows.
Figure 9.2-4 Register Configuration of IOWR0 to IOWR2
IOWR0
bit31
30
29
28
27
0000 0678H RYE0 HLD0 WR01 WR00 IW03
IOWR1
bit23
22
21
20
19
0000 0679H RYE1 HLD1 WR11 WR10 IW13
IOWR2
bit15
14
13
12
11
0000 067AH RYE2 HLD2 WR21 WR20 IW23
26
25
24
IW02
IW01
IW00
18
17
16
IW12
IW11
IW10
10
9
8
IW22
IW21
IW20
Initial value
At INIT
At RST
Access
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
xxxxxxxxB
xxxxxxxxB
R/W
[bit31, bit23, bit15] RYE0, RYE1, RYE2: RDY function setting (ReadY Enable 0, 1, 2)
These bits are used to set wait control settings by RDYI for each ch.0 to ch.2 during DMA fly-by
access.
Table 9.2-18 RDY Function Setting
RYEn
RDY function setting
0
RDY input for I/O access is disabled
1
RDY input for I/O access is enabled.
Setting "1" enables wait insertion by RDYI pin during a fly-by transfer in the corresponding channel.
IOWRX and IORDX are extended until RDYI pin is enabled. In synchronization with that extension,
RDX/WR1X,WR0X on the memory side are also extended.
When RDY enable setting is set for the chip select area of the fly-by transfer target by ACR register,
wait insertion by RDYI pin is enabled regardless of RYEn bit of the IOWRX side. Even when RDY
disable setting is set for the chip select area of the fly-by transfer target by ACR register, wait insertion
by RDYI pin is enabled only for fly-by access if RDY is enabled by RYEn bit of the IOWRX side.
If RDY is enabled by fly-by write access to SDRAM, be sure to enable HLD bit before setting the hold
wait.
237
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit30, bit22, bit14] HLD0, HLD1, HLD2: Hold wait setting
These bits are used to control the hold cycle of read strobe signal at the transfer source access side
during DMA fly-by access.
Table 9.2-19 Hold Wait Setting
HLDn
Hold wait setting
0
Hold extension cycle is not inserted.
1
Hold extension cycle is inserted to extend read cycle by one cycle
When "0" is set, a read strobe signal of the transfer source access side (RDX0 if memory → I/O, or
IORDX if I/O → memory) and a write strobe signal (IOWRX if memory → I/O, or WRXO[3:0] or
WEX if I/O → memory) are outputted at the same timing.
When "1" is set, read strobe signal is outputted "1" cycle longer to the write strobe signal to ensure the
hold time for transferring data at transfer source access side to the transfer target.
If RDY is enabled by fly-by write access to SDRAM, be sure to enable HLD bit before setting the hold
wait.
[bit29, bit28, bit21, bit20, bit13, bit12] WR01, WR00, WR11, WR10, WR21, WR20: I/O idle cycle setting
These bits are used to set the idle cycle setting for consecutive I/O accesses during DMA fly-by access.
Table 9.2-20 I/O Idle Cycle Setting
WRn1
WRn0
I/O idle cycle setting
0
0
0 cycle
0
1
1 cycle
1
0
2 cycles
1
1
3 cycles
If setting to have one or more idle cycles, idle cycles of the set cycle number are inserted after I/O
access during DMA fly-by access. During idle cycle, all CSXs and strobe outputs are negated and data
pins become high impedance.
238
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit27 to bit24, bit19 to bit16, bit11 to bit8]
IW03 to IW00, IW13 to IW10, IW23 to IW20: I/O wait
cycle
These bits are used to specify the auto-wait cycle in I/O access during DMA fly-by access.
Table 9.2-21 I/O Wait Cycle
IWn3
IWn2
IWn1
IWn0
I/O wait cycle
0
0
0
0
0 cycle
0
0
0
1
1 cycle
...
1
1
...
1
1
15 cycles
For the number of wait cycles to be inserted, the cycle number set in the IWnn bit setting of the I/O side
or the cycle number set in the wait setting of the fly-by transfer target (such as memory), whichever is
greater is used for data synchronization between the transfer source and transfer target. For this reason,
more wait cycles than the cycle number set in the IWnn bit may be inserted.
239
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2.5
Chip Select Enable Register (CSER)
This section explains the details of chip select enable register.
■ Register Configuration of Chip Select Enable Register (CSER)
Register configuration of CSER is as follows.
Figure 9.2-5 Register Configuration of CSER
Address:
0000 0680H
bit31
30
29
28
Reserved Reserved Reserved
27
26
25
24
Initial value
At INIT
At RST
CSE4 CSE3 CSE2 CSE1 CSE0 00000001B 00000001B
Access
R/W
This register enables and disables each chip select area.
[bit31 to bit29] Reserved: Reserved bits
Be sure to set these bits to "000B".
[bit28 to bit24] CSE4 to CSE0: Chip select area enable (Chip select enable 0 to 4)
These bits are the chip select area enable bits for CS0X to CS4X.
The initial value is "00001B", which is enabled only in the CS0 area.
When "1" is written, a chip select area operates according to the settings of ASR0 to ASR4, ACR0 to
ACR4, and AWR0 to AWR4.
Before enabling, be sure to make all settings for the corresponding chip select areas.
Table 9.2-22 Area Control
CSE4 to CSE0
Area control
0
Disabled
1
Enabled
Table 9.2-23 lists CSX corresponding to CSE bit.
Table 9.2-23 CSX Corresponding to CSE Bit
CSE bit
240
Corresponding CSX
Bit [24]:CSE0
CS0X
Bit [25]:CSE1
CS1X
Bit [26]:CSE2
CS2X
Bit [27]:CSE3
CS3X
Bit [28]:CSE4
CS4X
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2.6
CacHe Enable Register (CHER)
This section explains the details of cache enable register.
■ Register Configuration of Cache Enable Register (CHER)
Figure 9.2-6 shows the register configuration of CacHe Enable Register (CHER).
Figure 9.2-6 Register Configuration of CacHe Enable Register (CHER)
Address:
000681H
bit23
22
21
20
Reserved Reserved Reserved
19
18
17
16
Initial value
At INIT
At RST
CHE4 CHE3 CHE2 CHE1 CHE0 11111111B 11111111B
Access
R/W
CHER controls capturing the data read from each chip select area into the built-in cache.
[bit20 to bit16] CHE4 to CHE0: Cache area setting (Cache Enable 4 to 0)
These bits specify to enable or disable cache for each chip select area.
Table 9.2-24 Cache Area Setting
CHE4 to CHE0
Cache area setting
0
Non-cache area (Data read from this area is not stored in cache.)
1
Cache area (Data read from this area is stored in cache.)
241
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.2.7
Terminal and Timing Control Register (TCR)
This section explains the details of terminal and timing control register.
■ Register Configuration of Terminal and Timing Control Register (TCR)
Figure 9.2-7 Register Configuration of Terminal and Timing Control Register (TCR)
Address:
bit23
22
21
0000 0683H BREN PSUS PCLR
20
19
18
17
Reserved Reserved Reserved
16
Initial value
At INIT
At RST
RDW1 RDW0 00000000B 0000XXXXB
Access
R/W
The TCR controls functions relating to the external bus interface controller in general such as function
settings and timing controls.
[bit7] BREN: BRQ input enable setting (BRQ enable)
This bit enables BRQ pin input to share an external bus.
Table 9.2-25 BRQ Input Enable Setting
BREN
BRQ input enable setting
0
Bus is not shared by BRQ/BGRNTX. BRQ input is disabled.
1
Bus is shared by BRQ/BGRNTX. BRQ input is enabled.
In the initial state ("0"), BRQ input is ignored.
When "1" is set, after BRQ input becomes "H", the bus is opened (high impedance control) at the bus
opening becomes possible, and BGRNTX is activated ("L" output).
[bit6] PSUS: Prefetch suspension (Prefetch SUSpend)
This bit controls temporary stop of prefetch to all areas.
Table 9.2-26 Prefetch Control
PSUS
Prefetch control
0
Prefetch enabled
1
Prefetch suspended
When "1" is set, a new prefetch operation will not be executed until "0" is written. In this period,
contents in a prefetch buffer will not be erased unless any error occurs to the prefetch buffer. Before
restarting prefetch, clear the prefetch buffer by using bit5:PCLR bit function.
242
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
[bit5] PCLR: Prefetch buffer all clear (Prefetch buffer CleaR)
This bit clears all prefetch buffer contents.
Table 9.2-27 Prefetch Buffer Control
PCLR
Prefetch buffer control
0
Normal state
1
Prefetch buffer clear
When writing "1", all prefetch buffer contents are cleared once. After buffer clear is completed, the bit
value is automatically returned to "0". Set PSUS bit to suspend prefetch (set the bit to "1") before
clearing buffer. (You can write "11B" to PSUS and PCLR bits at the same time.)
[bit4 to bit2] Reserved: Reserved bits
These are reserved bits. Be sure to set "0".
[bit1, bit0] RDW[1:0]: Wail cycle reduction (ReDuce Wait cycle)
For all chip select areas and I/O channels for fly-by, these bits reduce setting values of automatic access
cycle wait only for the auto-wait cycle all at once without changing the setting values of AWR registers.
The settings for the idle cycle, recovery cycle, setup cycle and hold cycle are not affected.
Table 9.2-28 Wait Cycle Reduction
RDW1
RDW0
Wait cycle reduction
0
0
Normal wait (Setting values of AWR0 to AWR4)
0
1
1/2 of the setting values of AWR0 to AWR4 (Right-shifted by 1 bit)
1
0
1/4 of the setting values of AWR0 to AWR4 (Right-shifted by 2 bits)
1
1
1/8 of the setting values of AWR0 to AWR4 (Right-shifted by 3 bits)
This function is for preventing the excess access cycle wait during low-speed clock operations, such as
while a base clock is low speed or a time division setting of the external bus clock is large.
Normally in such a case, you have to rewrite all AWRs to change wait cycle settings. However, by
using the RDW[1:0] bit function, only access cycle wait values can be reduced all at once without
changing all other AWR settings and so they remain as high-speed clock settings.
Be sure to reset RDW[1:0] bits to "00B" before changing the clock setting back to high-speed.
243
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.3
Chip Select Area
In the external bus interface, a total of five chip select areas can be set.
The address space of each area can be set in 4 GB space using ASR0 to ASR4 (Area
Select Register) and ACR0 to ACR4 (Area Configuration Register). CS0X to CS4X can be
set in the space between "00040000H" and "FFFFFFFFH" in units of 64 Kbytes to 2048
Mbytes.
When bus access is made to an area specified by these registers, the corresponding
chip select signals CS0X-CS4X become active ("L" output) during the access cycle.
■ Example of Setting ASR and ASZ[1:0]
1. ASR1=0001H ACR1 → ASZ[3:0]=0000B
Chip select area 1 is assigned to "00100000H" to "0010FFFFH".
2. ASR2=0040H ACR2 → ASZ[3:0]=0100B
Chip select area 2 is assigned to "00400000H" to "004FFFFFH".
3. ASR3=0081H ACR3 → ASZ[3:0]=0111B
Chip select area 3 is assigned to "00800000H" to "00FFFFFFH".
Since at this point 8 Mbytes is set for ACR → ASZ[3:0], the unit for boundary becomes 8 Mbytes and so
ASR3[22:16] are ignored.
Before writing to ACR0 is done after a reset, "00000000H" to "FFFFFFFFH" have been assigned to chip
select area 0.
Note:
Set the chip select areas so that there is no overlap.
244
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
Figure 9.3-1 shows the chip select area.
Figure 9.3-1 Chip Select Area
00000000H
00000000H
00100000H
Area 1
64 Kbytes
00400000H
Area 2
1 Mbyte
Area 0
00800000H
8 Mbytes
Area 3
00FFFFFFH
FFFFFFFFH
FFFFFFFFH
245
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.4
Endian and Bus Access
There is a one-to-one correspondence between the WR1X,WR0X control signal and the
byte location on the data bus regardless of the data bus width.
The following summarizes the location of bytes on the data bus used with the specified
data bus width and the corresponding control signal for each bus mode.
■ Relation Ship Between Data Bus Width and Control Signal
● Control signal of normal bus interface
Figure 9.4-1 shows the control signal of normal bus interface.
Figure 9.4-1 Control Signal of Normal Bus Interface
a)16-bit bus width
Data bus
D31
Control
signal
b) 8-bit bus width
Data bus
WR0X
Control
signal
WR0X
D24
WR1X
D16
● Control signal of Time division I/O interface
Figure 9.4-2 shows the control signal of time division I/O interface.
Figure 9.4-2 Control Signal of Time Division I/O Interface
a)16-bit bus width
Data bus
D31
D16
246
b) 8-bit bus width
Output
address
Control
signal
A15 to A08
WR0X
A07 to A00
WR1X
Data bus
Output
address
A07 to A00
−
−
Control
signal
WR0X
−
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.4.1
Big Endian Bus Access
MB91461/F467R allows you to switch between big endian and little endian for each chip
select except CS0 area. When LEND bit of ACR register is set to "1", the area is treated
as little endian.
In normal operations, MB91461/F467R executes external bus access using big endian.
■ Data Format of Big Endian
The relationship between the internal register and the external data bus is as follows.
● Word access (when LD, ST instruction executed)
Figure 9.4-3 Word Access (When LD, ST Instruction Executed)
Internal
register
D31
AA
D23
BB
D15
External
bus
D31
AA
D23
BB
D15
CC
D7
DD
D0
● Halfword access (when LDUH, STH instruction executed)
Figure 9.4-4 Halfword Access (When LDUH, STH Instruction Executed)
a) Output address lower 00
Internal
External
register
bus
D31
D31
AA
D23
D23
BB
D15
D15
AA
D7
BB
D0
b) Output address lower 10
Internal
External
register
bus
D31
D31
AA
D23
D23
BB
D15
D15
AA
D7
BB
D0
247
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
● Byte access (when LDUB, STB instruction executed)
Figure 9.4-5 Byte Access (When LDUB, STB Instruction Executed)
a) Output address lower 00
Internal
register
D31
D23
b) Output address lower 01
External
bus
D31
AA
D23
Internal
register
D31
c) Output address lower 10
External
bus
D31
D31
D23
D23
D23
Internal
register
External
bus
D31
AA
D23
d) Output address lower 11
Internal
register
D31
D23
D23
AA
D15
D15
D15
D7
AA
D15
D15
D7
AA
D15
D7
AA
D0
D15
D15
D7
AA
D0
AA
D0
D0
■ Data Bus Width
● 16-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-6 16-bit Bus Width
Internal register
External bus
Output address lower
D31
D23
D15
D07
AA
Read/Write
BB
00
10
AA
CC
BB
DD
D31
D23
CC
DD
● 8-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-7 8-bit Bus Width
Internal register
External bus
Output address lower
D31
D23
D15
D07
248
AA
BB
CC
DD
Read/Write
External
bus
D31
00
01
10
11
AA
BB
CC
DD
D31
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ External Bus Access
External bus access (16-bit/8-bit bus width) is shown by the access type (word/half word/byte access) in
Figure 9.4-8, Figure 9.4-9, Figure 9.4-10. Following are also shown in Figure 9.4-11, Figure 9.4-12, Figure
9.4-13.
PA1/PA0
:
Output A1/A0 :
Lower 2 bits of address specified by program
Lower 2 bits of output address
:
Top byte location of output address
+
:
Data byte location to access
(1) to (4)
:
Bus access count
MB91461/F467R does not detect misalignment errors.
Therefore, for word access, the lower two bits of the output address are always "00B" regardless of whether
the lower two bits of address specified by the program are "00B", "01B", "10B" or "11B". For halfword
access, the lower two bits of the output address are "00B" if the lower two bits specified by the program are
"00B" or "01B", and are "10B" if "00B" or "01B".
● 16-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-8 Word Access
(a) PA1/PA0=00B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=10B
MSB
(b) PA1/PA0=01B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=10B
(c) PA1/PA0=10B
(d) PA1/PA0=11B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B → (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=10B
(2) Output A1/A0=10B
LSB
(1) ⇒ 00
01
(1) ⇒ 00
01
(1) ⇒ 00
01
(1) ⇒ 00
01
(2) ⇒ 10
11
(2) ⇒ 10
11
(2) ⇒ 10
11
(2) ⇒ 10
11
16-bit
Figure 9.4-9 Half Word Access
(a) PA1/PA0=00B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(b) PA1/PA0=01B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(c) PA1/PA0=10B
(d) PA1/PA0=11B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=10B → (1) Output A1/A0=10B
(1) ⇒ 00
01
(1) ⇒ 00
01
00
01
00
01
10
11
10
11
(1) ⇒ 10
11
(1) ⇒ 10
11
249
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
Figure 9.4-10 Byte Access
(a) PA1/PA0=00B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(b) PA1/PA0=01B
(c) PA1/PA0=10B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=01B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=10B → (1) Output A1/A0=11B
(d) PA1/PA0=11B
(1) ⇒ 00
01
(1) ⇒ 00
01
00
01
00
01
10
11
10
11
(1) ⇒ 10
11
(1) ⇒ 10
11
● 8-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-11 Word Access
(a) PA1/PA0=00B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=01B
(3) Output A1/A0=10B
(4) Output A1/A0=11B
MSB
(b) PA1/PA0=01B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=01B
(3) Output A1/A0=10B
(4) Output A1/A0=11B
(c) PA1/PA0=10B
(d) PA1/PA0=11B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B → (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=01B
(2) Output A1/A0=01B
(3) Output A1/A0=10B
(3) Output A1/A0=10B
(4) Output A1/A0=11B
(4) Output A1/A0=11B
LSB
(1) ⇒
00
(1) ⇒
00
(1) ⇒ 00
(1) ⇒ 00
(2) ⇒
01
(2) ⇒
01
(2) ⇒ 01
(2) ⇒ 01
(3) ⇒
10
(3) ⇒
10
(3) ⇒ 10
(3) ⇒ 10
(4) ⇒
11
(4) ⇒
11
(4) ⇒ 11
(4) ⇒ 11
8-bit
Figure 9.4-12 Half Word Access
(a) PA1/PA0=00B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=01B
250
(b) PA1/PA0=01B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(2) Output A1/A0=01B
(c) PA1/PA0=10B
(d) PA1/PA0=11B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=10B → (1) Output A1/A0=10B
(2) Output A1/A0=11B
(2) Output A1/A0=11B
(1) ⇒ 00
(1) ⇒ 00
00
00
(2) ⇒ 01
(2) ⇒ 01
01
01
10
10
(1) ⇒ 10
(1) ⇒ 10
11
11
(2) ⇒ 11
(2) ⇒ 11
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
Figure 9.4-13 Byte Access
(a) PA1/PA0=00B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=00B
(b) PA1/PA0=01B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=01B
(c) PA1/PA0=10B
(d) PA1/PA0=11B
→ (1) Output A1/A0=10B → (1) Output A1/A0=11B
(1) ⇒ 00
00
00
00
01
(1) ⇒ 01
01
01
10
10
(1) ⇒ 10
10
11
11
11
(1) ⇒ 11
■ Example of Connection with External Devices
Figure 9.4-14 Example of Connection with External Devices
FR Core
WR0X
D31
to
D24
WR1X
D23
to
D16
*: For an 8-bit device, a data bus
on the MSB side is used.
A23
to
A00
A23 to A23 to
A01 A00
0
D31
1
D24 D23
0
D16
16-bit device*
D31
D24
8-bit device*
("0"/"1" Address lower 1 bit)
251
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.4.2
Little Endian Bus Access
MB91461/F467R allow you to switch between big endian and little endian for each chip
select except CS0 area. When LEND bit of ACR register is set to "1", the area is treated
as little endian.
By using bus access operations of the big endian, the little endian bus access of
MB91461/F467R are realized by swapping data bus byte locations based on the bus
width but basically using the same output address order and control signal output as
for the big endian.
When connecting, caution is demanded because the big endian area and little endian
area need to be physically divided.
■ Difference Between Little Endian and Big Endian
The followings explain the difference between little endian and big endian.
• Output address order is the same for big endian and little endian.
• Word access
: Byte data on the MSB side corresponding to the big endian address A01,A00=00B
becomes the byte data on the LSB side in the little endian.
In a word access, all byte locations for the 4 bytes in a word are inverted.
• Halfword access
: Byte data on the MSB side corresponding to the big endian address A00 becomes
the byte data on the LSB side in the little endian.
In a halfword access, byte locations for the 2 bytes in a halfword are inverted.
• Byte access
: Byte locations are the same for big endian and little endian.
■ Restrictions on a Little Endian Area
• If prefetch is enabled for a little endian area, be sure to use a word access to access to the area. If the
data in a prefetch buffer is accessed with using an access other than word-length access, a correct endian
conversion may not be performed and so wrong data will be read. This is due to hardware restrictions of
endian conversion mechanism.
• Do not set any instruction codes in a little endian area.
252
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Data Format
The relationship between the internal register and the external data bus is as follows.
● Word access (when LD, ST instruction executed)
Figure 9.4-15 Word Access (When LD, ST Instruction Executed)
Internal
register
D31
AA
D23
BB
D15
External
bus
D31
BB
DD
AA
CC
D23
D15
CC
D7
DD
D0
● Halfword access (when LDUH, STH instruction executed)
Figure 9.4-16 Halfword Access (When LDUH, STH Instruction Executed)
a) Output address lower 00
Internal
External
register
bus
D31
D31
BB
D23
D23
AA
D15
D15
AA
D7
BB
D0
b) Output address lower 10
Internal
External
register
bus
D31
D31
BB
D23
D23
AA
D15
D15
AA
D7
BB
D0
● Byte access (when LDUB, STB instruction executed)
Figure 9.4-17 Byte Access (When LDUB, STB Instruction Executed)
a) Output address lower 00
Internal
register
D31
D23
External
bus
D31
AA
D23
b) Output address lower 01
Internal
register
D31
c) Output address lower 10
External
bus
D31
D31
D23
D23
D23
Internal
register
External
bus
D31
AA
D23
d) Output address lower 11
Internal
register
D31
D23
D23
AA
D15
D15
D7
D15
D0
AA
D15
D7
AA
D15
D15
D7
AA
D0
External
bus
D31
D15
D7
AA
D0
D15
AA
D0
253
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Data Bus Width
● 16-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-18 16-bit Bus Width
Internal register
External bus
Output address lower
D31
D23
D15
D07
AA
Read/Write
BB
00
10
DD
BB
CC
AA
D31
D23
CC
DD
● 8-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-19 8-bit Bus Width
Internal register
External bus
Output address lower
D31
D23
D15
D07
254
AA
BB
CC
DD
Read/Write
00
01
10
11
DD
CC
BB
AA
D31
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Example of Connection with External Devices
● 16-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-20 16-bit Bus Width
FR Core
WR0X
D31
to
D24
WR1X
D23
to
D16
0
1
D31
D24 D23
Big Endian Area
A31
to
A01
1
D16
D31
0
D24 D23
D16
Little Endian Area
255
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
● 8-bit bus width
Figure 9.4-21 8-bit Bus Width
FR Core
WR0X
D31
to
D24
D31
D24
Big Endian Area
256
A31
to
A00
D31
D24
Little Endian Area
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.4.3
Comparison Of External Accesses In Big Endian and
Little Endian
This section shows a comparison of big endian and little endian external access in
word access, halfword access, and byte access for each bus width.
These figures show that all the accesses become big endian in the internal register if an
area is divided into a big endian area and a little endian area and the data bus is
connected according to the examples for connecting to external devices shown in
"9.4.1 Big Endian Bus Access" and "9.4.2 Little Endian Bus Access".
■ Word Access
Table 9.4-1 Word Access (1 / 2)
Bus width
Big endian mode
Little endian mode
Internal register External pin Control pin
Internal register External pin Control pin
D31
address: "0"
D31
AA
BB
D16
D31
WR0X
address: "0"
D31
BB
AA
WR1X
D16
AA
WR1X
AA
BB
BB
D00
D00
(1)
(1)
16-bit bus width
Internal register External pin Control pin
D31
WR0X
address: "2"
D31
CC
DD
D16
Internal register External pin Control pin
D31
WR0X
address: "2"
D31
DD
CC
WR1X
D16
CC
WR0X
WR1X
CC
DD
DD
D00
D00
(1)
(1)
257
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
Table 9.4-1 Word Access (2 / 2)
Bus width
Big endian mode
Little endian mode
Internal register External pin Control pin
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "0" "1"
D31
D31
BB AA
WR0X
D24
D31
address: "0" "1"
D31
AA BB
D24
WR0X
AA
AA
BB
BB
D00
D00
D00
(1)
(1) (2)
8-bit bus width
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "2" "3"
D31
D31
CC DD
WR0X
D24
CC
DD
D00
(2)
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "2" "3"
D31
D31
DD CC
WR0X
D24
CC
DD
D00
D00
(1) (2)
258
D00
D00
(1) (2)
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Byte Access
Table 9.4-2 Byte Access (1 / 2)
Bus width
Big endian mode
Little endian mode
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "0"
D31
D31
AA
WR0X
Internal register External pin Control pin
D31
address: "0"
D31
AA
WR0X
D16
D16
AA
AA
D00
D00
(1)
(1)
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "1"
D31
D31
BB
D16
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "1"
D31
D31
BB
WR1X
D16
WR1X
BB
BB
D00
D00
(1)
16-bit bus width
(1)
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "2"
D31
D31
CC
WR0X
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "2"
D31
D31
CC
WR0X
D16
D16
CC
CC
D00
D00
(1)
(1)
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "3"
D31
D31
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "3"
D31
D31
DD
D16
DD
WR1X
D16
DD
WR1X
DD
D00
D00
(1)
(1)
259
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
Table 9.4-2 Byte Access (2 / 2)
Bus width
Big endian mode
Little endian mode
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "0"
D31
D31
AA
WR0X
D24
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "0"
D31
D31
AA
WR0X
D24
AA
AA
D00
D00
(1)
(1)
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "1"
D31
D31
BB
WR0X
D24
Internal register External pin Control pin
D31
D24
BB
WR0X
BB
D00
D00
(1)
8-bit bus width
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "2"
D31
D31
CC
WR0X
D24
(1)
Internal register External pin Control pin
D31
CC
address: "2"
D31
CC
D24
WR0X
CC
D00
D00
(1)
(1)
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "3"
D31
D31
DD
WR0X
D24
Internal register External pin Control pin
address: "3"
D31
D31
DD
WR0X
D24
DD
DD
D00
D00
(1)
260
address: "1"
D31
BB
(1)
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.5
Normal Bus Interface
For normal bus interface, two clock cycles are the basic bus cycle for both read access
and write access.
■ Basic Timing (for Consecutive Accesses) (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=0008H)
Figure 9.5-1 shows the basic timing for consecutive accesses.
Figure 9.5-1 Basic Timing for Consecutive Accesses
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
#2
#1
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
#1
#2
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
#1
#2
261
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
• ASX is asserted for one cycle in the bus access start cycle.
• A[23:00] output the address of the location of the start byte in word/halfword/byte access from the bus
access start cycle to the bus access end cycle.
• If W02 bit of the AWR0 to AWR4 registers is "0", CS0X to CS3X are asserted at the same timing as
ASX. For consecutive accesses, CS0X to CS4X are not negated. If W00 bit of the AWR register is "0",
CS0X to CS4X are negated after the bus cycle ends. If the W00 bit is "1", CS0X to CS4X are negated
after one cycle after bus access ends.
• RDX, WR0X and WR1X are asserted from the 2nd cycle of the bus access. Negation occurs after the
wait cycle of bits W15 to W12 of the AWR register is inserted. The timing of asserting RDX, WR0X
and WR1X can be delayed by one cycle by setting W01 bit of the AWR register to "1".
• For read access, D[31:16] are read when SYSCLK rises in the cycle in which the wait cycle ended after
RDX was asserted.
• For write access, data output to D[31:16] starts at the timing at which WR0X and WR1X are asserted.
262
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Read → Write Timing (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=0048H)
Figure 9.5-2 shows read → write timing.
Figure 9.5-2 Read → Write Timing
Read
Idle
Write
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
WR1X, WR0X
D31 to D16
• Setting of W06 bits of the AWR register enables an insertion of 0 or 1 idle cycle.
• Settings in the CS area on the read side are enabled.
• This idle cycle is inserted if the next access after a read access is a write access or an access to another
area.
263
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Write → Write Timing (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=0018H)
Figure 9.5-3 shows write → write timing.
Figure 9.5-3 Write → Write Timing
Write
Write
recovery
Write
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
WR1X, WR0X
D31 to D16
• Setting of W04 bits of the AWR register enables an insertion of 0 or 1 write recovery cycle.
• After all write cycles, recovery cycles are generated.
• Write recovery cycles are also generated if a write access is divided by a access with the bus width
wider than that specified.
264
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Auto-wait Timing (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=2008H)
Figure 9.5-4 shows the auto-wait timing.
Figure 9.5-4 Auto-Wait Timing
Basic cycle
Wait cycle
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
• Setting of W15 to W12 bits (first wait cycle) of the AWR register enables 0 to 15 auto-wait cycles to be
set.
• In the figure above, two auto-wait cycles are inserted, making a total of four cycles access. If auto-wait
is set, the minimum number of bus cycles is 2 cycles + (first wait cycles). For a write operation, the
minimum number of bus cycles may become longer depending on the internal state.
265
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ External Wait Timing (TYP[3:0]=0001B, AWR=2008H)
Figure 9.5-5 shows external wait timing.
Figure 9.5-5 External Wait Timing
Basic cycle
Auto-wait
2 cycles
Wait cycle
by RDY
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
RDY
Cancel
Wait
Setting "1" for TYP0 bit of the ACR register to enable the external RDY input pin enables an insertion of
the external wait cycle. In the figure above, because waiting using the auto-wait cycle is enabled, the
section of the RDY pin indicated by hatching is disabled. The value of the RDY input pin is evaluated after
the last cycle of the auto-wait cycle. Also, after a wait cycle is completed, the value of the RDY input pin is
disabled until the next access cycle starts.
266
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ CSX Delay Setting (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=000CH)
Figure 9.5-6 shows the CSX delay setting.
Figure 9.5-6 CSX Delay Setting
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
267
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X Setup and RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX Hold Setting
(TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=000BH)
Figure 9.5-7 shows CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup and RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold settings.
Figure 9.5-7 CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X Setup and RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX Hold Settings
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
CSX->RDX/WR1X,WR0X
Delay
RDX/WR1X,WR0X->CSX
Delay
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
• Setting "1" for W01 bit of the AWR register enables the CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup delay to be
set. Set this bit to extend the period after chip select assertion until read/write strobe.
• Setting "1" for W00 bit of the AWR register enables the RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold delay to be
set. Set this bit to extend the period after read/write strobe negation until chip select negation.
• The CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup delay (W01 bit) and RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold delay
(W00 bit) can be set independently.
• When making consecutive accesses within the same chip select area without negating the chip select,
neither a CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup delay nor an RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold delay is
inserted.
• If a setup cycle from determining the address or a hold cycle for determining the address is needed, set
"1" for the address → CSX delay setting (W02 bit of the AWR register).
268
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.6
Address/Data Multiplex Interface
This section explains setting of the address/data multiplex interface.
■ Without External Wait (TYP[3:0]=0100B, AWR=0008H)
Figure 9.6-1 shows the setting for the address/data multiplex interface with no external wait.
Figure 9.6-1 Setting for the Address/Data Multiplex Interface without External Wait
SYSCLK
Address[23:0]
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
Address[15:0]
Data
[15:0]
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
Address[15:0]
Data[15:0]
269
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
• Setting the ACR register to TYP[3:0]=01XXB enables the address/data multiplex interface to be set.
• If the address/data multiplex interface is set, set 8-bit or 16-bit for the data bus width (DBW[1:0] bit).
32-bit width is not supported.
• In the address/data multiplex interface, the total of 3 cycles of 2 address output cycles + 1 data cycle
become the basic access cycle.
• In the address output cycles, ASX is asserted as a output address latch enable signal. However, when
CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup delay (AWR:W01) is set to "0", the multiplex address output cycle
becomes one cycle only as shown in the figure above and the address cannot be directly latched at the
rising edge of ASX. Therefore, fetch the address at the rising edge of SYSCLK of the cycle in which
"L" is asserted to ASX. If you want to set the address to be directly latched at the rising edge of ASX,
see "■ Setting of CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X Setup (TYP[3:0]=0101B, AWR=100BH)".
• As with a normal interface, the address indicating the start of access is outputted to A[23:00] during the
time division bus cycle. Use this setting if you want to use an address of 8/16 bits or more in the
address/data multiplex interface.
• As with the normal interface, auto-wait (AWR:W14 to AWR:W12), read → write idle cycle
(AWR:W06), write recovery (AWR:W04), address → CSX delay (AWR:W02), CSX → RDX/
WR1X,WR0X setup delay (AWR:W01), and RDX/WR1X,WR0X → CSX hold delay (AWR:W00) can
be set.
270
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ With External Wait (TYP[3:0]=0101B, AWR=1008H)
Figure 9.6-2 shows the setting for the address/data multiplex interface with external wait.
Figure 9.6-2 Setting for the Address/Data Multiplex Interface with External Wait
SYSCLK
Address[23:0]
A23 to A00
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
Data
[15:0]
Address[15:0]
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
Address[15:0]
Data[15:0]
RDY
Setting the ACR register to TYP[3:0]=01X1B enables RDY input in the address/data multiplex interface.
271
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ Setting of CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X Setup (TYP[3:0]=0101B, AWR=100BH)
Figure 9.6-3 shows setting of CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup.
Figure 9.6-3 Setting of CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X Setup
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
Address[23:0]
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
Read
D31 to D16
Address[15:0]
Data
[15:0]
Address[15:0]
Data[15:0]
WR1X, WR0X
Write
D31 to D16
Setting "1" for the CSX → RDX/WR1X,WR0X setup delay (AWR:W01) enables the multiplex address
output cycle to be extended by one cycle as shown in the above figure, allowing the address to be latched
directly at the rising edge of ASX. Use this setting if you want to use ASX as an ALE (Address Latch
Enable) strobe without using SYSCLK.
272
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.7
DMA Access
This section explains setting of DMA access.
■ 2-cycle Transfer (The Timing is the Same as for Internal RAM → External I/O, RAM,
External I/O, RAM → Internal RAM.) (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=0008H)
Figure 9.7-1 shows the setting of 2-cycle transfer.
* When a wait is not set on the I/O side.
Figure 9.7-1 Setting of 2-Cycle Transfer
SYSCLK
A23 to A00
I/O address
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
(I/O side)
WR1X, WR0X
D31 to D16
Bus access is the same as that of the interface for non-DMA transfer.
273
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ 2-cycle Transfer (External → I/O) (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=0008H)
Figure 9.7-2 shows the setting of 2-cycle transfer (external → I/O).
* When a wait is not set on the memory and I/O.
Figure 9.7-2 Setting of 2-Cycle Transfer (External → I/O)
MCLK
A23 to A00
Memory address
Idle
I/O address
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
CS4X to CS0X
WR1X, WR0X
D31 to D16
Bus access is the same as that of the interface for non-DMAC transfer.
274
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
■ 2-cycle Transfer (I/O → External) (TYP[3:0]=0000B, AWR=0008H)
Figure 9.7-3 shows the setting of 2-cycle transfer (I/O → external).
* When a wait is not set on the memory and I/O.
Figure 9.7-3 Setting of 2-Cycle Transfer (I/O → External)
MCLK
A23 to A00
I/O address
Idle
Memory address
ASX
CS4X to CS0X
WR1X, WR0X
CS4X to CS0X
RDX
D31 to D16
Bus access is the same as that of the interface for non-DMAC transfer.
275
CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL BUS INTERFACE
9.8
Procedure for Setting Registers
For setting procedure concerning with external bus interface, follow the principle
described below.
■ Procedure for Setting External Bus Interface
1) Before rewriting the contents of a register, be sure to set the CSER register so that the corresponding
area is not used ("0"). If you change the settings while "1" is set, access before and after the change
cannot be guaranteed.
2) Use the following procedure to change a register:
(1) Set "0" for the CSER bit corresponding to the applicable area.
(2) Set both ASR and ACR at the same time using word access.
To access to ASR and ACR using half word access, set ACR after setting ASR.
(3) Set AWR.
(4) Set the CSER bit corresponding to the applicable area.
3) The CS0X area is enabled after a reset is released. If the area is used as a program area, the register
contents need to be rewritten while the CSER bit is "1". In this case, make the settings described in
2) and 3) above in the initial state with a low-speed internal clock. Then, switch the clock to a highspeed clock.
276
CHAPTER 10
I/O PORT
This chapter describes I/O ports and the configuration
and functions of the registers.
10.1 Overview of I/O Ports
10.2 Port Input Enable
10.3 I/O Port Data Register
10.4 Setting of Port Function Register
10.5 Selection of Pin Input Level
10.6 Pull-up and Pull-down Control Register
277
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
10.1
Overview of I/O Ports
This section provides an overview of the I/O ports.
■ Basic Block Diagram of the I/O Port
MB91461/F467R can be used as an I/O port if settings are made so that the external bus interfaces or
peripherals corresponding to pins do not use the pins as input/output pins.
Figure 10.1-1 shows the basic configuration of the I/O port.
278
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
Figure 10.1-1 Basic Block Diagram of the I/O Port
Port bus
PILR
EPILR
External bus interface input
Peripheral input
CMOS
PDRD read
&
Automotive
&
PDRD
0
CLKP
CMOS
hysteresis
1
&
STOP or
GPORTEN
PDR read
PPER
PPCR
Output driver
1. Peripheral output
2. Peripheral output
P-ch
Pull-up /
down
control
Pin
Output
MUX
PDR
N-ch
DDR
PFR
port
direction
control
EPFR
PODR
PDR:
PDRD:
DDR:
PFR:
EPFR:
PILR:
EPILR:
PPER:
PPCR:
Port data register
Port data direct read register
Data direction register
Port function register
Extra PFR port function register
Port input level selection register
Port input level selection register
Port pull-up/-down enable register
Port pull-up/-down control register
Address 000H + PDR + #port (Port 00: 000H, port 01: 001H, etc.)
Address = PDR + D00H
Address = PDR + D40H
Address = PDR + D80H
Address = PDR + DC0H
Address = PDR + E40H
Address = PDR + E80H
Address = PDR + EC0H
Address = PDR + F00H
279
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ General Specification of Ports
The following rules apply to all ports.
• As for the port input, to prevent the penetration current being generated before the setting of the port
with software, all initial values are set. After setting each port pin based on its function, the port input
must be enabled using the global port enable (PORTEN.GPORTEN). See "10.2 Port Input Enable".
(MB91461 is not provided with this register.)
• For each port, the port data direct read register (PDRD) that samples pin data with CLKP is provided.
This register is read only.
• For each port, the data direction register (DDR) that switches port input/output direction is provided. All
the ports become input (DDR=00H) after reset.
- Port input mode (PFR = 0 and DDR = 0)
PDRD read: Sampled pin data is read.
PDR read: Sampled pin data is read.
PDR write: PDR setting value is written. No effect on the pin value.
- Port output mode (PFR = 0 and DDR = 1)
PDRD read: Sampled pin data is read.
PDR read: PDR register value is read.
PDR write: PDR setting value is written to the corresponding external pin.
• When a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction (bit operation) is executed, the PDR register always
becomes read regardless of the data direction register (DDR).
• The port function register (PFR) and the extra port function register (EPFR) is provided in a specified
port. To enable the function determined by EPFR=1, PFR=1 also must be set. On MB91461, the
operation with EPFR=1 and PFR=0 settings is the same as the one in the port input/output mode
(reserved for future use).
• For each port, the port input level register (PILR) that inputs the input level (CMOS hysteresis/
Automotive [/TTL]) bitwise is provided. The initial value differs for each port function.
The input level can be set in any device mode. See "Table 10.5-2 Pin Input Level Selection Register
Setting for MB91461".
• A pull-up resistor and a pull-down resistor (50 kΩ) that are enabled by its own pull-up/pull-down enable
register (PPER) and pull-up/pull-down control register (PPCR) bitwise are provided in a specified port.
See "10.6 Pull-up and Pull-down Control Register".
• For each port, one or two port function registers PFRs and (if needed) one extra PFR (EPFR) are
provided. By combining together, they operate as up to 3 resource I/Os per pin. See "10.4 Setting of
Port Function Register".
• The port setting that is controlled by MD[2:0] pin and by the mode register MODR overwrites the
setting in the port register. For example, the external bus mode overwrites the port register setting.
External bus signal output can be disabled by setting the PFR of a pin to the port mode (PFR=0).
• A resource input line is normally connected to a pin and is enabled by setting the appropriate function in
the resource. There are some exceptions as shown in "10.4 Setting of Port Function Register".
• An external interrupt input line is always connected to a pin and is enabled at the external interrupt unit.
• In the STOP mode (with STCR:STOP setting and with no STCR:HIZ setting), all pins maintain its own
state (input or output based on the setting before becoming STOP mode) and the input stages and lines
are fixed internally to avoid crossing current. If the corresponding pin is set by using PFR = 1 setting
and the corresponding external interrupt is enabled in the ENIR0 and ENIR1 registers, an external
interrupt input pin is not fixed. Pull-up and pull-down are enabled.
280
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
• In the STOP-HIZ mode (with STCR:STOP and STCR:HIZ settings), all pins are switched to input (high
impedance state) and all the input stages and lines are fixed internally to avoid fluctuations. If the
corresponding pin is set by using PFR = 1 setting and the corresponding external interrupt is enabled in
the ENIR0 and ENIR1 registers, an external interrupt pin is not fixed. Pull-up and pull-down are
disabled.
• Resource output lines are enabled by setting the corresponding PFR/EPFR bits in the port. For details,
see "10.4 Setting of Port Function Register". In addition, the LIN-UART output (SOT) must be
enabled by setting the SOE bit in LIN-UART control.
• Resource bidirectional signals (SCK of LIN-UART, etc.) are enabled by setting the corresponding PFR/
EPFR bits in the port. Signal direction is controlled by the resource settings such as the output enable
bit. For details, see "10.4 Setting of Port Function Register".
Notes:
There is no register switched between general-purpose port input and peripheral input. The value
input via an external pin is always passed to the general-purpose port and peripheral circuit.
Even with the DDR output setting, the value output to the outside is always propagated to the
general-purpose port and peripheral circuit.
For use as a peripheral input, use DDR input and enable each peripheral’s input signal.
281
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
10.2
Port Input Enable
This section describes the port input enable function.
■ PORTEN: Port Input Enable
PORTEN
Addrress
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
initial
0498H
-
-
-
-
-
-
CPORTEN
GPORTEN
---- --00B
-
-
-
-
-
-
R/W
R/W
All port inputs are disabled by initial value to avoid transverse current floating in the I/O input stages and
the subsequent logic. After configuring all ports according to their functional specification (input level,
output drive, pull-up or pull-down resistor, etc.) it is mandatory to globally enable the inputs by setting the
port input enable bit.
This register is not provided on MB91461. On MB91461, each port becomes the input enable state after
reset. MB91V460 doesn't have this register either.
Only MB91F467R has this register. Please set "1" to GPORTEN and CPORTEN when you use the port
input function with MB91F467R.
GPORTEN
"0" - The inputs of all ports are disabled.
"1" - The inputs of all ports are enabled.
CPORTEN
"0" - The inputs of the bootloader communication ports are disabled.
"1" - The inputs of the bootloader communication ports are enabled.
282
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
10.3
I/O Port Data Register
This section shows the port data register (PDR), data direction register (DDR) and port
data direct read register (PDRD).
■ Port Data Register (PDR)
This register stores output data of each port.
Figure 10.3-1 The Configuration of Port Data Register (PDR)
PDR00
PDR01
PDR05
PDR06
PDR07
PDR08
PDR09
PDR10
PDR11
PDR13
PDR14
PDR15
PDR16
PDR17
PDR18
PDR19
PDR20
PDR21
PDR22
PDR23
PDR24
PDR28
PDR29
Address
000000H
000001H
000005H
000006H
000007H
000008H
000009H
00000AH
00000BH
00000DH
00000EH
00000FH
000010H
000011H
000012H
000013H
000014H
000015H
000016H
000017H
000018H
00001CH
00001DH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
PDR00_7 PDR00_6 PDR00_5 PDR00_4 PDR00_3 PDR00_2 PDR00_1 PDR00_0 XXXXXXXXB
PDR01_7 PDR01_6 PDR01_5 PDR01_4 PDR01_3 PDR01_2 PDR01_1 PDR01_0 XXXXXXXXB
PDR05_7 PDR05_6 PDR05_5 PDR05_4 PDR05_3 PDR05_2 PDR05_1 PDR05_0 XXXXXXXXB
PDR06_7 PDR06_6 PDR06_5 PDR06_4 PDR06_3 PDR06_2 PDR06_1 PDR06_0 XXXXXXXXB
PDR07_7 PDR07_6 PDR07_5 PDR07_4 PDR07_3 PDR07_2 PDR07_1 PDR07_0 XXXXXXXXB
PDR08_7 PDR08_6 PDR08_5 PDR08_4
−
−
−
−
−
−
PDR08_1 PDR08_0
PDR09_4 PDR09_3 PDR09_2 PDR09_1 PDR09_0
PDR10_6 PDR10_5 PDR10_4 PDR10_3 PDR10_2 PDR10_1 PDR10_0
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
PDR14_3 PDR14_2 PDR14_1 PDR14_0
−
−
−
−
PDR15_3 PDR15_2 PDR15_1 PDR15_0
PDR16_7
−
−
−
−
−
PDR11_1 PDR11_0
PDR13_2 PDR13_1 PDR13_0
−
−
−
PDR17_7 PDR17_6 PDR17_5 PDR17_4 PDR17_3 PDR17_2 PDR17_1 PDR17_0
−
−
−
−
−
PDR18_2 PDR18_1 PDR18_0
−
PDR19_6 PDR19_5 PDR19_4
−
PDR19_2 PDR19_1 PDR19_0
−
PDR20_6 PDR20_5 PDR20_4
−
PDR20_2 PDR20_1 PDR20_0
−
PDR21_6 PDR21_5 PDR21_4
−
PDR21_2 PDR21_1 PDR21_0
PDR22_7 PDR22_6 PDR22_5 PDR22_4 PDR22_3 PDR22_2
−
PDR23_6
−
−
PDR22_0
PDR23_4 PDR23_3 PDR23_2 PDR23_1 PDR23_0
PDR24_7 PDR24_6 PDR24_5 PDR24_4 PDR24_3 PDR24_2 PDR24_1 PDR24_0
−
−
−
PDR28_4 PDR28_3 PDR28_2 PDR28_1 PDR28_0
PDR29_7 PDR29_6 PDR29_5 PDR29_4 PDR29_3 PDR29_2 PDR29_1 PDR29_0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
XXXX--XXB
---XXXXXB
-XXXXXXXB
------XXB
-----XXXB
----XXXXB
----XXXXB
X-------B
XXXXXXXXB
-----XXXB
-XXX-XXXB
-XXX-XXXB
-XXX-XXXB
XXXXXX-XB
-X-XXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
---XXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
R/W
PDR00 to PDR13 and PDR28_7 to PDR28_5 are not provided on MB91461.
283
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Data Direction Register (DDR)
This register sets I/O direction of each port. All ports become input mode after a reset.
Figure 10.3-2 The Configuration of Data Direction Register (DDR)
DDR00
DDR01
DDR05
DDR06
DDR07
DDR08
DDR09
DDR10
DDR11
DDR13
DDR14
DDR15
DDR16
DDR17
DDR18
DDR19
DDR20
DDR21
DDR22
DDR23
DDR24
DDR28
DDR29
Address
000D40H
000D41H
000D45H
000D46H
000D47H
000D48H
000D49H
000D4AH
000D4BH
000D4DH
000D4EH
000D4FH
000D50H
000D51H
000D52H
000D53H
000D54H
000D55H
000D56H
000D57H
000D58H
000D5CH
000D5DH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DDR00_7 DDR00_6 DDR00_5 DDR00_4 DDR00_3 DDR00_2 DDR00_1 DDR00_0
DDR01_7 DDR01_6 DDR01_5 DDR01_4 DDR01_3 DDR01_2 DDR01_1 DDR01_0
DDR05_7 DDR05_6 DDR05_5 DDR05_4 DDR05_3 DDR05_2 DDR05_1 DDR05_0
DDR06_7 DDR06_6 DDR06_5 DDR06_4 DDR06_3 DDR06_2 DDR06_1 DDR06_0
DDR07_7 DDR07_6 DDR07_5 DDR07_4 DDR07_3 DDR07_2 DDR07_1 DDR07_0
DDR08_7 DDR08_6 DDR08_5 DDR08_4
-
-
-
-
-
DDR08_1 DDR08_0
DDR09_4 DDR09_3 DDR09_2 DDR09_1 DDR09_0
DDR10_6 DDR10_5 DDR10_4 DDR10_3 DDR10_2 DDR10_1 DDR10_0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DDR14_3 DDR14_2 DDR14_1 DDR14_0
-
-
-
-
DDR15_3 DDR15_2 DDR15_1 DDR15_0
DDR16_7
-
-
-
-
-
DDR11_1 DDR11_0
DDR13_2 DDR13_1 DDR13_0
-
-
-
DDR17_7 DDR17_6 DDR17_5 DDR17_4 DDR17_3 DDR17_2 DDR17_1 DDR17_0
-
-
DDR18_2 DDR18_1 DDR18_0
-
DDR19_6 DDR19_5 DDR19_4
-
-
-
-
DDR19_2 DDR19_1 DDR19_0
-
DDR20_6 DDR20_5 DDR20_4
-
DDR20_2 DDR20_1 DDR20_0
-
DDR21_6 DDR21_5 DDR21_4
-
DDR21_2 DDR21_1 DDR21_0
DDR22_7 DDR22_6 DDR22_5 DDR22_4 DDR22_3 DDR22_2
-
DDR23_6
-
-
DDR22_0
DDR23_4 DDR23_3 DDR23_2 DDR23_1 DDR23_0
DDR24_7 DDR24_6 DDR24_5 DDR24_4 DDR24_3 DDR24_2 DDR24_1 DDR24_0
-
-
-
DDR28_4 DDR28_3 DDR28_2 DDR28_1 DDR28_0
DDR29_7 DDR29_6 DDR29_5 DDR29_4 DDR29_3 DDR29_2 DDR29_1 DDR29_0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
DDR00 to DDR13 and DDR28_7 to DDR28_5 are not provided on MB91461.
284
Initial value
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
0000--00B
---00000B
-0000000B
------00B
-----000B
----0000B
----0000B
0-------B
00000000B
-----000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
000000-0B
-0-00000B
00000000B
---00000B
00000000B
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port Data Direct Read Register (PDRD)
This register is a read-only register and is used to read the input value directly even if the port is in an
output state.
Figure 10.3-3 The Configuration of Input Port Direct Read Register (PDRD)
PDRD00
PDRD01
PDRD05
PDRD06
PDRD07
PDRD08
PDRD09
PDRD10
PDRD11
PDRD13
PDRD14
PDRD15
PDRD16
PDRD17
PDRD18
PDRD19
PDRD20
PDRD21
PDRD22
PDRD23
PDRD24
PDRD28
PDRD29
Address
000D00H
000D01H
000D05H
000D06H
000D07H
000D08H
000D09H
000D0AH
000D0BH
000D0DH
000D0EH
000D0FH
000D10H
000D11H
000D12H
000D13H
000D14H
000D15H
000D16H
000D17H
000D18H
000D1CH
000D1DH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PDRD00_7 PDRD00_6 PDRD00_5 PDRD00_4 PDRD00_3 PDRD00_2 PDRD00_1 PDRD00_0
PDRD01_7 PDRD01_6 PDRD01_5 PDRD01_4 PDRD01_3 PDRD01_2 PDRD01_1 PDRD01_0
PDRD05_7 PDRD05_6 PDRD05_5 PDRD05_4 PDRD05_3 PDRD05_2 PDRD05_1 PDRD05_0
PDRD06_7 PDRD06_6 PDRD06_5 PDRD06_4 PDRD06_3 PDRD06_2 PDRD06_1 PDRD06_0
PDRD07_7 PDRD07_6 PDRD07_5 PDRD07_4 PDRD07_3 PDRD07_2 PDRD07_1 PDRD07_0
PDRD08_7 PDRD08_6 PDRD08_5 PDRD08_4
-
-
-
-
-
PDRD08_1 PDRD08_0
PDRD09_4 PDRD09_3 PDRD09_2 PDRD09_1 PDRD09_0
PDRD10_6 PDRD10_5 PDRD10_4 PDRD10_3 PDRD10_2 PDRD10_1 PDRD10_0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PDRD14_3 PDRD14_2 PDRD14_1 PDRD14_0
-
-
-
-
PDRD15_3 PDRD15_2 PDRD15_1 PDRD15_0
PDRD16_7
-
-
-
-
-
PDRD11_1 PDRD11_0
PDRD13_2 PDRD13_1 PDRD13_0
-
-
-
PDRD17_7 PDRD17_6 PDRD17_5 PDRD17_4 PDRD17_3 PDRD17_2 PDRD17_1 PDRD17_0
-
-
PDRD18_2 PDRD18_1 PDRD18_0
-
PDRD19_6 PDRD19_5 PDRD19_4
-
-
-
-
PDRD19_2 PDRD19_1 PDRD19_0
-
PDRD20_6 PDRD20_5 PDRD20_4
-
PDRD20_2 PDRD20_1 PDRD20_0
-
PDRD21_6 PDRD21_5 PDRD21_4
-
PDRD21_2 PDRD21_1 PDRD21_0
PDRD22_7 PDRD22_6 PDRD22_5 PDRD22_4 PDRD22_3 PDRD22_2
-
PDRD23_6
-
-
PDRD22_0
PDRD23_4 PDRD23_3 PDRD23_2 PDRD23_1 PDRD23_0
PDRD24_7 PDRD24_6 PDRD24_5 PDRD24_4 PDRD24_3 PDRD24_2 PDRD24_1 PDRD24_0
-
-
-
PDRD28_4 PDRD28_3 PDRD28_2 PDRD28_1 PDRD28_0
PDRD29_7 PDRD29_6 PDRD29_5 PDRD29_4 PDRD29_3 PDRD29_2 PDRD29_1 PDRD29_0
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial value
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
XXXX--XXB
---XXXXXB
-XXXXXXXB
------XXB
-----XXXB
----XXXXB
----XXXXB
X-------B
XXXXXXXXB
-----XXXB
-XXX-XXXB
-XXX-XXXB
-XXX-XXXB
XXXXXX-XB
-X-XXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
---XXXXXB
XXXXXXXXB
R
PDR00 to PDR13 and PDR28_7 to PDR28_5 are not provided on MB91461.
285
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
10.4
Setting of Port Function Register
This section explains the function of port function register.
■ Port 00
Port 00 is controlled by PFR00.
When the PFR00 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (data pin).
Figure 10.4-1 Configuration of Control Register (Port 00)
PFR00
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D80H PFR00_7 PFR00_6 PFR00_5 PFR00_4 PFR00_3 PFR00_2 PFR00_1 PFR00_0 11111111B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-1 Function of Control Register (Port 00)
Bit name
PFR00_7
PFR00_6
PFR00_5
PFR00_4
PFR00_3
PFR00_2
PFR00_1
PFR00_0
286
Value
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_7).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D31).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_6).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D30).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_5).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D29).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_4).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D28).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_3).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D27).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_2).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D26).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D25).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P00_0).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D24).
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 01
Port 01 is controlled by PFR01.
When the PFR01 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (data pin).
Figure 10.4-2 Configuration of Control Register (Port 01)
PFR01
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D81H PFR01_7 PFR01_6 PFR01_5 PFR01_4 PFR01_3 PFR01_2 PFR01_1 PFR01_0 11111111B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-2 Function of Control Register (Port 01)
Bit name
PFR01_7
PFR01_6
PFR01_5
PFR01_4
PFR01_3
PFR01_2
PFR01_1
PFR01_0
Value
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_7).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D23).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_6).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D22).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_5).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D21).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_4).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D20).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_3).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D19).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_2).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D18).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D17).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P01_0).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (D16).
287
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 05
Port 05 is controlled by PFR05.
When the PFR05 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (address pin).
Figure 10.4-3 Configuration of Control Register (Port 05)
PFR05
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D85H PFR05_7 PFR05_6 PFR05_5 PFR05_4 PFR05_3 PFR05_2 PFR05_1 PFR05_0 11111111B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-3 Function of Control Register (Port 05)
Bit name
PFR05_7
PFR05_6
PFR05_5
PFR05_4
PFR05_3
PFR05_2
PFR05_1
PFR05_0
288
Value
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_7).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A23).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_6).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A22).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_5).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A21).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_4).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A20).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_3).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A19).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_2).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A18).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A17).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P05_0).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A16).
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 06
Port 06 is controlled by PFR06.
When the PFR06 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (address pin).
Figure 10.4-4 Configuration of Control Register (Port 06)
PFR06
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D86H PFR06_7 PFR06_6 PFR06_5 PFR06_4 PFR06_3 PFR06_2 PFR06_1 PFR06_0 11111111B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-4 Function of Control Register (Port 06)
Bit name
PFR06_7
PFR06_6
PFR06_5
PFR06_4
PFR06_3
PFR06_2
PFR06_1
PFR06_0
Value
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_7).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A15).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_6).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A14).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_5).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A13).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_4).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A12).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_3).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A11).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_2).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A10).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A9).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P06_0).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A8).
289
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 07
Port 07 is controlled by PFR07.
When the PFR07 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (address pin).
Figure 10.4-5 Configuration of Control Register (Port 07)
PFR07
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D87H PFR07_7 PFR07_6 PFR07_5 PFR07_4 PFR07_3 PFR07_2 PFR07_1 PFR07_0 11111111B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-5 Function of Control Register (Port 07)
Bit name
PFR07_7
PFR07_6
PFR07_5
PFR07_4
PFR07_3
PFR07_2
PFR07_1
PFR07_0
290
Value
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_7).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A7).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_6).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A6).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_5).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A5).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_4).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A4).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_3).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A3).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_2).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A2).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A1).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P07_0).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (A0).
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 08
Port 08 is controlled by PFR08.
When the PFR08 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (bus control pin).
Figure 10.4-6 Configuration of Control Register (Port 08)
PFR08
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D88H PFR08_7 PFR08_6 PFR08_5 PFR08_4 PFR08_3 PFR08_2 PFR08_1 PFR08_0 11111111B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-6 Function of Control Register (Port 08)
Bit name
PFR08_7
PFR08_6
PFR08_5
PFR08_4
PFR08_1
PFR08_0
Value
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P08_7).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (RDY).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P08_6).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (BRQ).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P08_5).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (BGRNTX).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P08_4).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (RDX).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P08_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (WR1X).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P08_0).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (WR0X).
291
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 09
Port 09 is controlled by PFR09.
When the PFR09 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (chip select pin).
Figure 10.4-7 Configuration of Control Register (Port 09)
PFR09
Address
000D89H
bit7
-
6
-
5
-
4
3
2
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-7 Function of Control Register (Port 09)
Bit name
PFR09_4
PFR09_3
PFR09_2
PFR09_1
PFR09_0
292
Value
0
Initial value
PFR09_4 PFR09_3 PFR09_2 PFR09_1 PFR09_0 ---11111B
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P09_4).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (CS4X).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P09_3).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (CS3X).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P09_2).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (CS2X).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P09_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (CS1X).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P09_0).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (CS0X).
R/W
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 10
Port 10 is controlled by PFR10 and EPFR10.
When the PFR10 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (bus control pin).
Figure 10.4-8 Configuration of Control Register (Port 10)
Address
PFR10 000D8AH
EPFR10 000DCAH
bit7
-
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
PFR10_6 PFR10_5 PFR10_4 PFR10_3 PFR10_2 PFR10_1 PFR10_0 -1111111B
-
-
−
R/W
EPFR10_5 EPFR10_4
R/W
R/W
-
-
-
EPFR10_0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
--00---0B
Table 10.4-8 Function of Control Register (Port 10)
Bit name
PFR10_6
Value
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P10_6).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (MCLKE).
00B
PFR10_5/EPFR10_5(*)
01B
PFR10_3
PFR10_2
PFR10_1
External pin is used as an external bus pin (MCLKI).
11B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (MCLKI reverse input).
01B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P10_4).
10B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (MCLKO).
11B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (MCLKO reverse input).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P10_3).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (WEX).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P10_2).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (BAAX).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P10_1).
1B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (ASX).
00B
PFR10_0/EPFR10_0
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P10_5).
10B
00B
PFR10_4/EPFR10_4
Function
01B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P10_0).
10B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (SYSCLK).
11B
External pin is used as an external bus pin (SYSCLK reverse input).
(*) Please set PFR10_5 to "0" when not using SDRAM with MB91F467R. (recommendation)
293
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 11
Port 11 is controlled by PFR11.
When the PFR11 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (DMA control pin).
Figure 10.4-9 Configuration of Control Register (Port 11)
PFR11
Address
000D8BH
bit7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
R/W
Table 10.4-9 Function of Control Register (Port 11)
Bit name
PFR11_1
PFR11_0
294
Value
0
PFR11_1 PFR11_0
Function
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P11_1).
1B
External pin is used as a DMA control pin (IOWRX).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P11_0).
1B
External pin is used as a DMA control pin (IORDX).
R/W
Initial value
------00B
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 13
Port 13 is controlled by PFR13 and EPFR13.
When the PFR13 is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
external bus pin (DMA control pin).
Figure 10.4-10 Configuration of Control Register (Port 13)
Address
PFR13 000D8DH
EPFR13 000DCDH
bit7
6
5
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
PFR13_2 PFR13_1 PFR13_0
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
EPFR13_2
-
-
−
−
−
−
−
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value
-----000B
-----0--B
Table 10.4-10 Function of Control Register (Port 13)
Bit name
Value
00B
PFR13_2/EPFR13_2
PFR13_1
PFR13_0
01B
Function
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P13_2).
10B
External pin is used as a DMA control pin (DEOTX0 input).
11B
External pin is used as a DMA control pin (DEOP0 output).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P13_1).
1B
External pin is used as a DMA control pin (DACK0X output).
0B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P13_0).
1B
External pin is used as a DMA control pin (DREQ0 input).
295
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 14
Port 14 is controlled by PFR14 and EPFR14.
When the corresponding bit of PFR14 is "0", the pin is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1",
the external pin becomes a peripheral input. Input selection to ICU (Input Capture Unit) is made by a
combination of PFR and EPFR.
Figure 10.4-11 Configuration of Control Register (Port 14)
Address
PFR14 000D8EH
EPFR14 000DCEH
296
bit7
6
5
4
−
−
−
−
PFR14_3 PFR14_2 PFR14_1 PFR14_0 ----0000B
3
−
−
−
−
EPFR14_3 EPFR14_2 EPFR14_1 EPFR14_0
−
−
−
−
R/W
2
R/W
1
R/W
0
R/W
Initial value
----0000B
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
Table 10.4-11 Function of Control Register (Port 14)
Bit name
Value
00B
01B
PFR14_3/EPFR14_3
10B
11B
Input is made from the external pin to the following two:
• External trigger input of reload timer 3
• External trigger input of PPG3
LSYN output of LIN-UART3 is connected to internal ICU3 input.
00B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P14_2). *
LSYN output of LIN-UART2 is connected to ICU2 input.
10B
Input is made from the external pin to the following three:
• ICU2 input
• External trigger input of reload timer 2
• External trigger input of PPG2
11B
Input is made from the external pin to the following two:
• External trigger input of reload timer 2
• External trigger input of PPG2
LSYN output of LIN-UART2 is connected to ICU2 input.
00B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P14_1). *
LSYN output of LIN-UART1 is connected to ICU1 input.
01B
PFR14_1/EPFR14_1
10B
Input is made from the external pin to the following three:
• ICU1 input
• External trigger input of reload timer 1
• External trigger input of PPG1
11B
Input is made from the external pin to the following two:
• External trigger input of reload timer 1
• External trigger input of PPG1
LSYN output of LIN-UART1 is connected to ICU1 input.
00B
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P14_0).
LSYN output of LIN-UART0 is connected to ICU0 input.
01B
PFR14_0/EPFR14_0
External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P14_3). *
LSYN output of LIN-UART3 is connected to ICU3 input. Measured LSYN pulse
width in LIN communication can be used to detect the baud rate in LIN slave
operation.
Input is made from the external pin to the following three:
• ICU3 input
• External trigger input of reload timer 3
• External trigger input of PPG3
01B
PFR14_2/EPFR14_2
Function
10B
Input is made from the external pin to the following three:
• ICU0 input
• External trigger input of reload timer 0
• External trigger input of PPG0
11B
Input is made from the external pin to the following two:
• External trigger input of reload timer 0
• External trigger input of PPG0
LSYN output of LIN-UART0 is connected to ICU0 input.
*: Even if a port is selected, reload timer trigger input and PPG trigger input are enabled.
297
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 15
Port 15 is controlled by PFR15 and EPFR15.
When the PFR is "0", this port is used as a general-purpose port, and when it is "1", this port becomes an
output pin for peripheral macro (OCU or reload timer).
Figure 10.4-12 Configuration of Control Register (Port 15)
Address
PFR15 000D8FH
EPFR15 000DCFH
bit7
6
5
4
−
−
−
−
PFR15_3 PFR15_2 PFR15_1 PFR15_0 ----0000B
3
−
−
−
−
EPFR15_3 EPFR15_2 EPFR15_1 EPFR15_0
−
−
−
−
R/W
2
R/W
1
R/W
0
R/W
Table 10.4-12 Function of Control Register (Port 15)
Bit name
PFR15_3/EPFR15_3
PFR15_2/EPFR15_2
PFR15_1/EPFR15_1
PFR15_0/EPFR15_0
298
Value
Function
0XB
P15_3: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P15_3).
10B
OCU3: External pin is used as OCU3 output.
11B
TOT3: External pin is used as reload timer 3 output.
0XB
P15_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P15_2).
10B
OCU2: External pin is used as OCU2 output.
11B
TOT2: External pin is used as reload timer 2 output.
0XB
P15_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P15_1).
10B
OCU1: External pin is used as OCU1 output.
11B
TOT1: External pin is used as reload timer 1 output.
0XB
P15_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P15_0).
10B
OCU0: External pin is used as OCU0 output.
11B
TOT0: External pin is used as reload timer 0 output.
Initial value
----0000B
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 16
Port 16 is controlled by PFR16 and EPFR16.
Figure 10.4-13 Configuration of Control Register (Port 16)
Address
PFR16 000D90H
EPFR16 000DD0H
bit7
6
5
4
PFR16_7
−
−
−
EPFR16_7
−
−
−
R/W
−
−
−
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
Initial value
0-------B
0-------B
Table 10.4-13 Function of Control Register (Port 16)
Bit name
Value
PFR16_7/EPFR16_7
Function
0XB
P16_7: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P16_7).
10B
Setting is disabled.
1XB
ATGX: External pin is used as ATGX input. *
*: When using a peripheral as an input, the input is enabled even a general-purpose port is selected.
■ Port 17
Port 17 is controlled by PFR17.
Figure 10.4-14 Configuration of Control Register (Port 17)
PFR17
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D91H PFR17_7 PFR17_6 PFR17_5 PFR17_4 PFR17_3 PFR17_2 PFR17_1 PFR17_0 00000000B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-14 Function of Control Register (Port 17)
Bit name
PFR17_7
PFR17_6
PFR17_5
PFR17_4
PFR17_3
PFR17_2
PFR17_1
PFR17_0
Value
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Function
P17_7: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_7).
PPG7: Used as PPG output (PPG7).
P17_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_6).
PPG6: Used as PPG output (PPG6).
P17_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_5).
PPG5: Used as PPG output (PPG5).
P17_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_4).
PPG4: Used as PPG output (PPG4).
P17_3: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_3).
PPG3: Used as PPG output (PPG3).
P17_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_2).
PPG2: Used as PPG output (PPG2).
P17_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_1).
PPG1: Used as PPG output (PPG1).
P17_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P17_0).
PPG0: Used as PPG output (PPG0).
299
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 18
Port 18 is controlled by PFR18.
Figure 10.4-15 Configuration of Control Register (Port 18)
Address
PFR18 000D92H
EPFR18 000DD2H
bit7
6
5
4
3
−
−
−
−
−
PFR18_2 PFR18_1 PFR18_0
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
−
EPFR18_2
-
-
−
−
−
−
−
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value
-----000B
-----0--B
Table 10.4-15 Function of Control Register (Port 18)
Bit name
PFR18_2/EPFR18_2
PFR18_1
PFR18_0
Value
Function
0XB
P18_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P18_2).
10B
SCK6: Used as SCK of LIN-UART6.
When using as SCK, set the I/O setting by SCKE bit of LIN-UART serial
mode register. *
11B
Setting is disabled.
0B
P18_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P18_1).
1B
SOT6: Used as SOT of LIN-UART6.
When using as SOT output, set SOE bit of LIN-UART serial mode register
to "1".
0B
P18_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P18_0).
1B
SIN6: Used as SIN of LIN-UART6. *
*: When using a peripheral as an input, the input is enabled even a general-purpose port is selected.
300
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 19
Port 19 is controlled by PFR19.
Figure 10.4-16 Configuration of Control Register (Port 19)
Address
PFR19 000D93H
EPFR19 000DD3H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
PFR19_6 PFR19_5 PFR19_4
−
PFR19_2 PFR19_1 PFR19_0
−
EPFR19_6
-
-
−
EPFR19_2 EPFR19_1 EPFR19_0
R/W
−
−
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value
-000-000B
-0---0---B
R/W
Table 10.4-16 Function of Control Register (Port 19)
Bit name
PFR19_6/EPFR19_6
PFR19_5
PFR19_4
PFR19_2/EPFR19_2
PFR19_1
PFR19_0
Value
Function
0XB
P19_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P19_6).
10B
SCK5: Used as SCK of LIN-UART5.
When using as SCK, set the I/O setting by SCKE bit of LIN-UART serial
mode register. *
11B
Setting is disabled.
0B
P19_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P19_5).
1B
SOT5: Used as SOT of LIN-UART5.
When using as SOT output, set SOE bit of LIN-UART serial mode register
to "1".
0B
P19_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P19_4).
1B
SIN5: Used as SIN of LIN-UART5.
X0B
P19_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P19_2).
10B
SCK4: Used as SCK of LIN-UART4.
When using as SCK, set the I/O setting by SCKE bit of LIN-UART serial
mode register. *
11B
Setting is disabled.
0B
P19_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P19_1).
1B
SOT4: Used as SOT of LIN-UART4.
When using as SOT output, set SOE bit of LIN-UART serial mode register
to "1".
0B
P19_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port (P19_0).
1B
SIN4: Used as SIN of LIN-UART4. *
*: When using a peripheral as an input, the input is enabled even a general-purpose port is selected.
301
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 20
Port 20 is controlled by PFR20 and EPFR20.
Figure 10.4-17 Configuration of Control Register (Port 20)
Address
PFR20 000D94H
EPFR20 000DD4H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
PFR20_6 PFR20_5 PFR20_4
−
PFR20_2 PFR20_1 PFR20_0
−
EPFR20_6 EPFR20_5 EPFR20_4
−
EPFR20_2 EPFR20_1 EPFR20_0
−
R/W
R/W
R/W
−
R/W
R/W
Initial value
-000-000B
-000-000B
R/W
Table 10.4-17 Function of Control Register (Port 20)
Bit name
PFR20_6/EPFR20_6
PFR20_5/EPFR20_5
PFR20_4/EPFR20_4
PFR20_2/EPFR20_2
PFR20_1/EPFR20_1
PFR20_0/EPFR20_0
Value
Function
0XB
P20_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SCK3: Used as SCK of LIN-UART3.
When using as SCK, set the I/O setting by SCKE bit of LIN-UART serial
mode register. *1
11B
FRCK3: Used as CK of free-run timer 3. *2
0XB
P20_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SOT3: Used as SOT of LIN-UART3.
When using as SOT output, set SOE bit of LIN-UART serial mode register
to "1".
11B
Setting is disabled.
0XB
P20_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SIN3: Used as SIN of LIN-UART3. *1
11B
Setting is disabled.
0XB
P20_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SCK2: Used as SCK of LIN-UART2.
When using as SCK, set the I/O setting by SCKE bit of LIN-UART serial
mode register. *1
11B
FRCK3: Used as CK of free-run timer3. *2
0XB
P20_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SOT2: Used as SOT of LIN-UART2.
When using as SOT output, set SOE bit of LIN-UART serial mode register
to "1".
11B
Setting is disabled.
0XB
P20_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SIN2: Used as SIN of LIN-UART2. *1
11B
Setting is disabled.
*1: When using a peripheral as an input, the input is enabled even a general-purpose port is selected.
*2: Input clock of free-run timer (FRCKx) is always inputted regardless of PFR and EPFR settings.
302
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 21
Port 21 is controlled by PFR21 and EPFR21.
Figure 10.4-18 Configuration of Control Register (Port 21)
Address
PFR21 000D95H
EPFR21 000DD5H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
PFR21_6 PFR21_5 PFR21_4
−
PFR21_2 PFR21_1 PFR21_0
−
EPFR21_6 EPFR21_5 EPFR21_4
−
EPFR21_2 EPFR21_1 EPFR21_0
−
R/W
R/W
R/W
−
R/W
R/W
Initial value
-000-000B
-000-000B
R/W
Table 10.4-18 Function of Control Register (Port 21)
Bit name
PFR21_6/EPFR21_6
PFR21_5/EPFR21_5
PFR21_4/EPFR21_4
PFR21_2/EPFR21_2
PFR21_1/EPFR21_1
PFR21_0/EPFR21_0
Value
Function
0XB
P21_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SCK1: Used as SCK of LIN-UART1.
When using as SCK, set the I/O setting by SCKE bit of LIN-UART serial
mode register. *1
11B
FRCK1: Used as CK of free-run timer 1. *2
0XB
P21_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SOT1: Used as SOT of LIN-UART1.
When using as SOT output, set SOE bit of LIN-UART serial mode register
to "1".
11B
Setting is disabled.
0XB
P21_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SIN1: Used as SIN of LIN-UART1. *1
11B
Setting is disabled.
0XB
P21_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SCK0: Used as SCK of LIN-UART0.
When using as SCK, set the I/O setting by SCKE bit of LIN-UART serial
mode register. *1
11B
FRCK0: Used as CK of free-run timer 0. *2
0XB
P21_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SOT0: Used as SOT of LIN-UART0.
When using as SOT output, set SOE bit of LIN-UART serial mode register
to "1".
11B
Setting is disabled.
0XB
P21_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
10B
SIN0: Used as SIN of LIN-UART0. *1
11B
Setting is disabled.
*1: When using a peripheral as an input, the input is enabled even a general-purpose port is selected.
*2: Input clock of free-run timer (FRCKx) is always inputted regardless of PFR and EPFR settings.
303
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 22
Port 22 is controlled by PFR22.
In normal operation, interrupt inputs (INT15, INT14, INT13, and INT12) are inputted regardless of PFR
setting. In STOP mode, the input to internal INT input is as follows:
• When PFR=0: "0" is inputted to internal INT input by internal STOP mode signal.
• When PFR=1: The value of the external pin is inputted to internal INT input.
Therefore, for the interrupts used for canceling STOP mode, PFR must be set to "1" before executing STOP
mode. For the interrupts not used for canceling STOP mode, some cautions such as setting to inactive by
external interrupt registers or setting PFR to "1" and processing by the external pins are needed.
Figure 10.4-19 Configuration of Control Register (Port 22)
PFR22
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
000D96H PFR22_7 PFR22_6 PFR22_5 PFR22_4 PFR22_3 PFR22_2
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-19 Function of Control Register (Port 22)
Bit name
PFR22_7
Value
0
P22_7: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
1
SCL1: Used as SCL I/O of I2C_1.
0
P22_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT15: Input to INT15.
1
SDA1: Used as SDA I/O of I2C_1.
INT15: Input to INT15.
Set "1" when using INT15 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P22_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
1
SCL0: Used as SCL I/O of I2C_0.
0
P22_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT14: Input to INT14.
1
SDA0: Used as SDA I/O of I2C_0.
INT14: Input to INT14.
Set "1" when using INT14 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P22_3: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
1
Setting is disabled.
0
P22_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT13: Input to INT13.
1
IINT13: Input to INT13.
Set "1" when using INT13 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P22_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT12: Input to INT12.
1
INT12: Input to INT12.
Set "1" when using INT12 for canceling STOP mode.
PFR22_6
PFR22_5
PFR22_4
PFR22_3
PFR22_2
PFR22_0
304
Function
1
−
−
0
Initial value
PFR22_0 000000-0B
R/W
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 23
Port 23 is controlled by PFR23.
In normal operation, interrupt inputs (INT11, INT10, INT9, and INT8) are inputted regardless of PFR
setting. In STOP mode, the input to internal INT input is as follows:
• When PFR=0: "0" is inputted to internal INT input by internal STOP mode signal.
• When PFR=1: The value of the external pin is inputted to internal INT input.
Therefore, for the interrupts used for canceling STOP mode, PFR must be set to "1" before executing STOP
mode. For the interrupts not used for canceling STOP mode, some cautions such as setting to inactive by
external interrupt registers or setting PFR to "1" and processing by the external pins are needed.
Figure 10.4-20 Configuration of Control Register (Port 23)
PFR23
Address
000D97H
bit7
6
5
−
PFR23_6
−
−
R/W
−
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
PFR23_4 PFR23_3 PFR23_2 PFR23_1 PFR23_0 -0-00000B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-20 Function of Control Register (Port 23)
Bit name
Value
0
P23_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT11: Input to INT11.
1
INT11: Input to INT11.
Set "1" when using INT11 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P23_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT10: Input to INT10.
1
INT10: Input to INT10.
Set "1" when using INT10 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P23_3: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
1
TX1: Used as TX of CAN1.
0
P23_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
RX1: Input to RX of CAN1.
INT9: Input to INT9.
1
RX1: Input to RX of CAN1.
INT9: Input to INT9.
Set "1" when using INT9 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P23_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
1
TX0: Used as TX of CAN0.
0
P23_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
RX0: Input to RX of CAN0.
INT8: Input to INT8.
1
X0: Input to RX of CAN0.
INT8: Input to INT8.
Set "1" when using INT8 for canceling STOP mode.
PFR23_6
PFR23_4
PFR23_3
PFR23_2
PFR23_1
Function
PFR23_0
305
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 24
Port 24 is controlled by PFR24.
In normal operation, interrupt inputs (INT7, INT6, INT5, INT4, INT3, INT2, INT1 and INT0) are inputted
regardless of PFR setting. In STOP mode, the input to internal INT input is as follows:
• When PFR=0: "0" is inputted to internal INT input by internal STOP mode signal.
• When PFR=1: The value of the external pin is inputted to internal INT input.
Therefore, for the interrupts used for canceling STOP mode, PFR must be set to "1" before executing STOP
mode. For the interrupts not used for canceling STOP mode, some cautions such as setting to inactive by
external interrupt registers or setting PFR to "1" and processing by the external pins are needed.
Figure 10.4-21 Configuration of Control Register (Port 24)
PFR24
306
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
000D98H PFR24_7 PFR24_6 PFR24_5 PFR24_4 PFR24_3 PFR24_2 PFR24_1 PFR24_0 00000000B
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
Table 10.4-21 Function of Control Register (Port 24)
Bit name
Value
Function
0
P24_7: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT7: Input to INT7.
1
INT7: Input to INT7.
Set "1" when using INT7 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P24_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT6: Input to INT6.
1
INT6: Input to INT6.
Set "1" when using INT6 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P24_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT5: Input to INT5.
1
SCL2: Used as SCL of I2C_2.
INT5: Input to INT5.
Set "1" when using INT5 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P24_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT4: Input to INT4.
1
SDA2: Used as SDA of I2C_2.
INT4: Input to INT4.
Set "1" when using INT4 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P24_3: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT3: Input to INT3.
1
INT3: Input to INT3.
Set "1" when using INT3 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P24_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT2: Input to INT2.
1
INT2: Input to INT2.
Set "1" when using INT2 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P24_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT1: Input to INT1.
1
IINT1: Input to INT1.
Set "1" when using INT1 for canceling STOP mode.
0
P24_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
INT0: Input to INT0.
1
INT0: Input to INT0.
Set "1" when using INT0 for canceling STOP mode.
PFR24_7
PFR24_6
PFR24_5
PFR24_4
PFR24_3
PFR24_2
PFR24_1
PFR24_0
307
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 28
Since port 28 is also used as an input of A/D converter, set the corresponding bit of ADER (analog input
enable register) as well as the corresponding bit of PFR28 to "0" to use as a general-purpose port.
Figure 10.4-22 Configuration of Control Register (Port 28)
MB91461
Address
bit
PFR28 000D9CH
ADERL 0001A2H
high byte
7
6
5
⎯
⎯
⎯
⎯
⎯
⎯
⎯
⎯
⎯
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
PFR28_4 PFR28_3 PFR28_2 PFR28_1 PFR28_0 00000000B
ADE12 ADE11 ADE10
R/W
R/W
R/W
ADE9
R/W
ADE8
R/W
00000000B
MB91F467R
Address
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
PFR28 000D9CH PFR28_7 PFR28_6 PFR28_5 PFR28_4 PFR28_3 PFR28_2 PFR28_1 PFR28_0 00000000B
ADERL 0001A2H ADE15 ADE14 ADE13 ADE12 ADE11 ADE10 ADE9 ADE8 00000000B
high byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-22 Function of Control Register (Port 28)
Bit name
Value
00B
PFR28_7/ ADE15*
PFR28_6 / ADE14*
PFR28_5 / ADE13*
PFR28_4 / ADE12
PFR28_3 / ADE11
PFR28_2 / ADE10
PFR28_1 / ADE9
PFR28_0 / ADE8
01B, 10B
P28_7: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN15: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P28_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN14: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P28_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN13: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P28_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN12: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P28_3: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN11: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P28_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN10: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P28_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN9: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P28_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
11B
*: These are applied only for MB91F467R.
308
Function
Setting is disabled.
AN8: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port 29
Since port 29 is also used as an input of A/D converter, set the corresponding bit of ADER (analog input
enable register) as well as the corresponding bit of PFR29 to "0" to use as a general-purpose port.
Figure 10.4-23 Configuration of Control Register (Port 29)
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
PFR29 000D9DH PFR29_7 PFR29_6 PFR29_5 PFR29_4 PFR29_3 PFR29_2 PFR29_1 PFR29_0 00000000B
ADE6
ADE5
ADE4
ADE3
ADE2
ADE1 ADE0 00000000B
ADERL 0001A3H ADE7
low_byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Table 10.4-23 Function of Control Register (Port 29)
Bit name
Value
00B
PFR29_7 / ADE7
PFR29_6 / ADE6
PFR29_5 / ADE5
PFR29_4 / ADE4
PFR29_3 / ADE3
PFR29_2 / ADE2
PFR29_1 / ADE1
PFR29_0 / ADE0
01B, 10B
Function
P29_7: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN7: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P29_6: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN6: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P29_5: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN5: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P29_4: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN4: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P29_3: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN3: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P29_2: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN2: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P29_1: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
Setting is disabled.
11B
AN1: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
00B
P29_0: External pin is used as a general-purpose port.
01B, 10B
11B
Setting is disabled.
AN0: Used as an analog input of A/D converter.
309
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
10.5
Selection of Pin Input Level
Input level of the pins can be selected by setting registers.
■ Pin Input Level
Table 10.5-1 shows the input levels.
Table 10.5-1 Input Level
VIL
VIH
CMOS
VIL = 0.3 × VDD
VIH = 0.7 × VDD
CMOS Schmitt trigger 1
VIL = 0.3 × VDD
VIH = 0.7 × VDD
CMOS Schmitt trigger 2
VIL = 0.2 × VDD
VIH = 0.8 × VDD
Automotive
VIL = 0.5 × VDD
VIH = 0.8 × VDD
Name
■ Selection of Pin Input Level
Selection of input level for each pin is performed using the pin input level selection registers (PILR,
EPIRL). Table 10.5-2, Table 10.5-3, Table 10.5-4, Table 10.5-5 and Table 10.5-6 shows the settings of the
pin input level selection registers.
Table 10.5-2 Pin Input Level Selection Register Setting for MB91461
PILRxy
Pin input level
0 [Initial Value]
CMOS Schmitt trigger1
1
CMOS Schmitt trigger2
Table 10.5-3 Pin Input Level Selection Register Setting for MB91F467RA (5V Pins)
PILRxy
EPILRxy
Pin input level
0 [Initial Value]
0 [Initial Value]
0
1
Automotive
1
0
CMOS Schmitt trigger2
1
1
Setting is disable.
CMOS Schmitt trigger1
The applied pins are 5V withstand voltage pins (pins 2, 3, 119 to 126, 134 to 145, 148 to 160, and 163 to
175).
310
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
Table 10.5-4 Pin Input Level Selection Register Setting for MB91F467RB (5V Pins)
PILRxy
EPILRxy
Pin input level
0 [Initial Value]
0 [Initial Value]
0
1
Setting is disable.
1
0
Automotive
1
1
CMOS Schmitt trigger2
CMOS Schmitt trigger1
The applied pins are 5V withstand voltage pins (pins 2, 3, 119 to 126, 134 to 145, 148 to 160, and 163 to
175).
Table 10.5-5 Pin Input Level Selection Register Setting for MB91F467R (I2C Pins)
PILRxy
0 [Initial Value]
1
Pin input level
CMOS
CMOS Schmitt trigger1
The applied pins are pins 4 to 7, 117, and 118.
Table 10.5-6 Pin Input Level Selection Register Setting for MB91F467R (3.3V Pins)
PILRxy
0 [Initial Value]
1
Pin input level
CMOS
CMOS Schmitt trigger2
The applied pins are pins 8 to 10, 15 to 35, 46 to 56, 59 to 72, 75 to 87, and 90 to 113.
It doesn't depend on the value of PILR in MB91V460 and it becomes CMOS Schmitt trigger input.
(VIL = 0.3 × VDD/VIH = 0.7 × VDD)
311
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
Figure 10.5-1 The Structure of Selection of Pin Input Level
PILR00
PILR01
PILR05
PILR06
PILR07
PILR08
PILR09
PILR10
PILR11
PILR13
PILR14
PILR15
PILR16
PILR17
PILR18
PILR19
PILR20
PILR21
PILR22
PILR23
PILR24
PILR28
PILR29
Address
000E40H
000E41H
000E45H
000E46H
000E47H
000E48H
000E49H
000E4AH
000E4BH
000E4DH
000E4EH
000E4FH
000E50H
000E51H
000E52H
000E53H
000E54H
000E55H
000E56H
000E57H
000E58H
000E5CH
000E5DH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
PILR00_7 PILR00_6 PILR00_5 PILR00_4 PILR00_3 PILR00_2 PILR00_1 PILR00_0 00000000B
PILR01_7 PILR01_6 PILR01_5 PILR01_4 PILR01_3 PILR01_2 PILR01_1 PILR01_0 00000000B
PILR05_7 PILR05_6 PILR05_5 PILR05_4 PILR05_3 PILR05_2 PILR05_1 PILR05_0 00000000B
PILR06_7 PILR06_6 PILR06_5 PILR06_4 PILR06_3 PILR06_2 PILR06_1 PILR06_0 00000000B
PILR07_7 PILR07_6 PILR07_5 PILR07_4 PILR07_3 PILR07_2 PILR07_1 PILR07_0 00000000B
PILR08_7 PILR08_6 PILR08_5 PILR08_4
-
-
-
-
-
PILR08_1 PILR08_0 0000--00B
PILR09_4 PILR09_3 PILR09_2 PILR09_1 PILR09_0 ---00000B
PILR10_6 PILR10_5 PILR10_4 PILR10_3 PILR10_2 PILR10_1 PILR10_0 -0000000B
PILR11_1 PILR11_0 ------00B
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PILR14_3 PILR14_2 PILR14_1 PILR14_0
-
-
-
-
-
PILR15_3 PILR15_2 PILR15_1 PILR15_0
PILR16_7
-
-
-
-
PILR13_2 PILR13_1 PILR13_0
-
-
-
PILR17_7 PILR17_6 PILR17_5 PILR17_4 PILR17_3 PILR17_2 PILR17_1 PILR17_0
-
-
-
-
-
PILR18_2 PILR18_1 PILR18_0
-
PILR19_6 PILR19_5 PILR19_4
-
PILR19_2 PILR19_1 PILR19_0
-
PILR20_6 PILR20_5 PILR20_4
-
PILR20_2 PILR20_1 PILR20_0
-
PILR21_6 PILR21_5 PILR21_4
-
PILR21_2 PILR21_1 PILR21_0
PILR22_7 PILR22_6 PILR22_5 PILR22_4 PILR22_3 PILR22_2
-
PILR23_6
-
-
PILR22_0
PILR23_4 PILR23_3 PILR23_2 PILR23_1 PILR23_0
PILR24_7 PILR24_6 PILR24_5 PILR24_4 PILR24_3 PILR24_2 PILR24_1 PILR24_0
-
-
-
PILR28_4 PILR28_3 PILR28_2 PILR28_1 PILR28_0
PILR29_7 PILR29_6 PILR29_5 PILR29_4 PILR29_3 PILR29_2 PILR29_1 PILR29_0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
-----000B
----0000B
----0000B
0-------B
00000000B
-----000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
----00-0B
-0-00000B
00--0000B
---00000B
00000000B
R/W
PLR00 to PLR13 and PILR28_7 to PILR28_5 are not provided on MB91461.
Figure 10.5-2 Extended Pin Input Level Selection Registers
Address
EPILR14 000E8EH
EPILR15 000E8FH
EPILR17 000E91H
EPILR18 000E92H
EPILR19 000E93H
EPILR20 000E94H
EPILR21 000E95H
EPILR22 000E96H
EPILR23 000E97H
EPILR24 000E98H
bit7
6
5
4
−
−
−
−
EPILR14_3 EPILR14_2 EPILR14_1 EPILR14_0
−
−
−
−
EPILR15_3 EPILR15_2 EPILR15_1 EPILR15_0
−
−
−
−
EPILR17_3 EPILR17_2 EPILR17_1 EPILR17_0
−
−
−
−
2
1
0
−
EPILR18_2 EPILR18_1 EPILR18_0
−
EPILR19_6 EPILR19_5 EPILR19_4
−
EPILR19_2 EPILR19_1 EPILR19_0
−
EPILR20_6 EPILR20_5 EPILR20_4
−
EPILR20_2 EPILR20_1 EPILR20_0
−
EPILR21_6 EPILR21_5 EPILR21_4
−
EPILR21_2 EPILR21_1 EPILR21_0
−
−
−
−
EPILR23_6
−
EPILR24_7 EPILR24_6
R/W
R/W
−
EPILR22_3 EPILR22_2
−
EPILR22_0
EPILR23_4 EPILR23_3 EPILR23_2 EPILR23_1 EPILR23_0
−
−
R/W
R/W
EPILR register is not provided on MB91461.
312
3
EPILR24_3 EPILR24_2 EPILR24_1 EPILR24_0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value
----0000B
----0000B
00000000B
-----000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
----00-0B
-0-00000B
00--0000B
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
10.6
Pull-up and Pull-down Control Register
The pin has a function that adds the pull-up or pull-down of 50 kΩ. This function can be
controlled by software in unit of a bit.
■ Pull-up and Pull-down Control
The pull-up and pull-down functions are enabled by the port pull-up and pull-down enable register (PPER),
and the pull-up and pull-down are controlled by the port pull-up and pull-down control register (PPCR).
The pull-up or pull-down of the pin is automatically disabled in the following conditions:
• Port is in the output state.
• In STOP mode
■ Port Pull-up and Pull-down Enable Register
Table 10.6-1 shows the setting of port pull-up and pull-down enable register.
Ports also used as I2C interface and ports also used as A/D converter input do not have pull-up and pulldown controls.
Table 10.6-1 Setting of Port Pull-up and Pull-down Enable Register
Port pull-up and pull-down enable register
Bit
PPERxy
0 [Initial value]
1
Pull-up and pull-down are invalid.
Pull-up and pull-down are valid.
313
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
Figure 10.6-1 The Configuration of Port Pull-up and Pull-down Enable Register
PPER00
PPER01
PPER05
PPER06
PPER07
PPER08
PPER09
PPER10
PPER11
PPER13
PPER14
PPER15
PPER16
PPER17
PPER18
PPER19
PPER20
PPER21
PPER22
PPER23
PPER24
PPER28
PPER29
Address
000EC0H
000EC1H
000EC5H
000EC6H
000EC7H
000EC8H
000EC9H
000ECAH
000ECBH
000ECDH
000ECEH
000ECFH
000ED0H
000ED1H
000ED2H
000ED3H
000ED4H
000ED5H
000ED6H
000ED7H
000ED8H
000EDCH
000EDDH
bit7
5
4
3
2
1
0
PPER01_7 PPER01_6 PPER01_5 PPER01_4 PPER01_3 PPER01_2 PPER01_1 PPER01_0
PPER05_7 PPER05_6 PPER05_5 PPER05_4 PPER05_3 PPER05_2 PPER05_1 PPER05_0
PPER06_7 PPER06_6 PPER06_5 PPER06_4 PPER06_3 PPER06_2 PPER06_1 PPER06_0
PPER07_7 PPER07_6 PPER07_5 PPER07_4 PPER07_3 PPER07_2 PPER07_1 PPER07_0
PPER08_7 PPER08_6 PPER08_5 PPER08_4
-
-
-
-
-
PPER08_1 PPER08_0
PPER09_4 PPER09_3 PPER09_2 PPER09_1 PPER09_0
PPER10_6 PPER10_5 PPER10_4 PPER10_3 PPER10_2 PPER10_1 PPER10_0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PPER14_3 PPER14_2 PPER14_1 PPER14_0
-
-
-
-
PPER15_3 PPER15_2 PPER15_1 PPER15_0
PPER16_7
-
-
-
-
-
PPER11_1 PPER11_0
PPER13_2 PPER13_1 PPER13_0
-
-
-
PPER17_7 PPER17_6 PPER17_5 PPER17_4 PPER17_3 PPER17_2 PPER17_1 PPER17_0
-
-
-
-
-
PPER18_2 PPER18_1 PPER18_0
-
PPER19_6 PPER19_5 PPER19_4
-
PPER19_2 PPER19_1 PPER19_0
-
PPER20_6 PPER20_5 PPER20_4
-
PPER20_2 PPER20_1 PPER20_0
-
PPER21_6 PPER21_5 PPER21_4
-
PPER21_2 PPER21_1 PPER21_0
-
-
-
-
PPER23_6
-
PPER24_7 PPER24_6
-
-
PPER22_3 PPER22_2
-
PPER22_0
PPER23_4 PPER23_3 PPER23_2 PPER23_1 PPER23_0
-
PPER24_3 PPER24_2 PPER24_1 PPER24_0
PPER28_7 PPER28_6 PPER28_5 PPER28_4 PPER28_3 PPER28_2 PPER28_1 PPER28_0
PPER29_7 PPER29_6 PPER29_5 PPER29_4 PPER29_3 PPER29_2 PPER29_1 PPER29_0
R/W
314
6
PPER00_7 PPER00_6 PPER00_5 PPER00_4 PPER00_3 PPER00_2 PPER00_1 PPER00_0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
0000--00B
---00000B
-0000000B
------00B
-----000B
----0000B
----0000B
0-------B
00000000B
-----000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
-000-000B
----00-0B
-0-00000B
00--0000B
00000000B
00000000B
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
■ Port Pull-up and Pull-down Control Register
Table 10.6-2 shows the setting of port pull-up and pull-down control register. The set value of each bit is
enabled only when the corresponding PPER is set.
Ports also used as I2C interface and ports also used as A/D converter input do not have pull-up and pulldown controls.
Table 10.6-2 Setting of Port Pull-up and Pull-down Control Register
Port pull-up and pull-down control register
Bit
PPCRxy
0
1 [Initial value]
Pull-down
Pull-up
Figure 10.6-2 The Configuration of Port Pull-up and Pull-down Control Register
PPCR00
PPCR01
PPCR05
PPCR06
PPCR07
PPCR08
PPCR09
PPCR10
PPCR11
PPCR13
PPCR14
PPCR15
PPCR16
PPCR17
PPCR18
PPCR19
PPCR20
PPCR21
PPCR22
PPCR23
PPCR24
PPCR28
PPCR29
Address
000F00H
000F01H
000F05H
000F06H
000F07H
000F08H
000F09H
000F0AH
000F0BH
000F0DH
000F0EH
000F0FH
000F10H
000F11H
000F12H
000F13H
000F14H
000F15H
000F16H
000F17H
000F18H
000F1CH
000F1DH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PPCR00_7 PPCR00_6 PPCR00_5 PPCR00_4 PPCR00_3 PPCR00_2 PPCR00_1 PPCR00_0
PPCR01_7 PPCR01_6 PPCR01_5 PPCR01_4 PPCR01_3 PPCR01_2 PPCR01_1 PPCR01_0
PPCR05_7 PPCR05_6 PPCR05_5 PPCR05_4 PPCR05_3 PPCR05_2 PPCR05_1 PPCR05_0
PPCR06_7 PPCR06_6 PPCR06_5 PPCR06_4 PPCR06_3 PPCR06_2 PPCR06_1 PPCR06_0
PPCR07_7 PPCR07_6 PPCR07_5 PPCR07_4 PPCR07_3 PPCR07_2 PPCR07_1 PPCR07_0
PPCR08_7 PPCR08_6 PPCR08_5 PPCR08_4
-
-
-
-
-
PPCR08_1 PPCR08_0
PPCR09_4 PPCR09_3 PPCR09_2 PPCR09_1 PPCR09_0
PPCR10_6 PPCR10_5 PPCR10_4 PPCR10_3 PPCR10_2 PPCR10_1 PPCR10_0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PPCR14_3 PPCR14_2 PPCR14_1 PPCR14_0
-
-
-
-
PPCR15_3 PPCR15_2 PPCR15_1 PPCR15_0
PPCR16_7
-
-
-
-
-
PPCR11_1 PPCR11_0
PPCR13_2 PPCR13_1 PPCR13_0
-
-
-
PPCR17_7 PPCR17_6 PPCR17_5 PPCR17_4 PPCR17_3 PPCR17_2 PPCR17_1 PPCR17_0
-
-
PPCR18_2 PPCR18_1 PPCR18_0
-
PPCR19_6 PPCR19_5 PPCR19_4
-
-
-
PPCR19_2 PPCR19_1 PPCR19_0
-
PPCR20_6 PPCR20_5 PPCR20_4
-
PPCR20_2 PPCR20_1 PPCR20_0
-
PPCR21_6 PPCR21_5 PPCR21_4
-
PPCR21_2 PPCR21_1 PPCR21_0
-
-
-
-
PPCR23_6
-
PPCR24_7 PPCR24_6
-
-
-
PPCR22_3 PPCR22_2
-
PPCR22_0
PPCR23_4 PPCR23_3 PPCR23_2 PPCR23_1 PPCR23_0
-
PPCR24_3 PPCR24_2 PPCR24_1 PPCR24_0
PPCR28_7 PPCR28_6 PPCR28_5 PPCR28_4 PPCR28_3 PPCR28_2 PPCR28_1 PPCR28_0
PPCR29_7 PPCR29_6 PPCR29_5 PPCR29_4 PPCR29_3 PPCR29_2 PPCR29_1 PPCR29_0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value
11111111B
11111111B
11111111B
11111111B
11111111B
1111--11B
---11111B
-1111111B
------11B
-----111B
----1111B
----1111B
1-------B
11111111B
-----111B
-111-111B
-111-111B
-111-111B
----11-1B
-1-11111B
11--1111B
11111111B
11111111B
R/W
Note:
For the period that pull-up or pull-down is allowed (PPER=1), write access to the PPCR is invalid and
the register value is not updated. Changing the set value of the PPCR is valid only when the
corresponding PPER is "0".
315
CHAPTER 10 I/O PORT
316
CHAPTER 11
INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
This chapter describes the overview of the interrupt
controller, configuration and functions of the registers,
and interrupt controller operation.
11.1 Overview of the Interrupt Controller
11.2 Interrupt Controller Registers
11.3 Interrupt Controller Operation
317
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
11.1
Overview of the Interrupt Controller
The interrupt controller controls interrupt acceptance and arbitration processing.
■ Hardware Configuration of the Interrupt Controller
This module consists of the following components:
• ICR register
• Interrupt priority decision circuit
• Interrupt level and interrupt number (vector) generator
• Hold request cancellation request generator
■ Main Functions of the Interrupt Controller
This module has the following main functions:
• Detecting NMI requests and interrupt requests
• Deciding priority (using a level or number)
• Passing (to the CPU) an interrupt level of the interrupt factor based on the priority decision
• Passing (to the CPU) an interrupt number of the interrupt factor based on the priority decision
• Instructing for return from stop mode due to the occurrence of an interrupt with an NMI/interrupt level
other than "11111B" (to CPU)
• Generating a hold request cancellation request for the bus master
318
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ Interrupt Controller Registers
Figure 11.1-1 shows the interrupt controller registers.
Figure 11.1-1 Interrupt Controller Registers
Register
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICR00
000440H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR01
000441H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR02
000442H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR03
000443H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR04
000444H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR05
000445H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR06
000446H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR07
000447H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR08
000448H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR09
000449H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR10
00044AH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR11
00044BH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR12
00044CH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR13
00044DH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR14
00044EH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR15
00044FH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR16
000450H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR17
000451H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR18
000452H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR19
000453H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR20
000454H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR21
000455H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR22
000456H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR23
000457H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR24
000458H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR25
000459H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR26
00045AH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR27
00045BH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR28
00045CH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR29
00045DH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR30
00045EH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR31
00045FH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR32
000460H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR33
000461H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR34
000462H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR35
000463H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR36
000464H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
(Continued)
319
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
(Continued)
Register
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICR37
000465H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR38
000466H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR39
000467H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR40
000468H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR41
000469H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR42
00046AH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR43
00046BH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR44
00046CH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR45
00046DH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR46
00046EH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR47
00046FH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR48
000470H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR49
000471H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR50
000472H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR51
000473H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR52
000474H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR53
000475H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR54
000476H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR55
000477H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR56
000478H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR57
000479H
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR58
00047AH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR59
00047BH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR60
00047CH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR61
00047DH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR62
00047EH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
ICR63
00047FH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Register
Address
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
HRCL
000045H
MHALTI
−
−
LVL4
LVL3
LVL2
LVL1
LVL0
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
320
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ Block Diagram of the Interrupt Controller
Figure 11.1-2 shows a block diagram of the interrupt controller.
Figure 11.1-2 Block Diagram of the Interrupt Controller
UNMI
WAKEUP ("1" when level ≠ 11111B)
Priority decision
NMI
processing
Level4 to Level0
5
Level
and
vector
generation
Level decision
RI00
·
·
·
RI63
( DLYIRQ)
ICR00
·
·
·
ICR63
Vector
decision
6
HLDREQ
cancellation
request
MHALTI
VCT5 to VCT0
R-bus
321
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
11.2
Interrupt Controller Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the interrupt controller
registers.
■ Details of the Interrupt Controller Registers
The interrupt controller has the following two registers:
• Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
• HRCL (Hold Request Cancellation Request Register)
322
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
11.2.1
Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
An interrupt control register (ICR) is provided for each of the interrupt input and sets
the interrupt level of the corresponding interrupt request.
■ Bit Configuration of the Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
The following shows the bit configuration of the interrupt control register (ICR).
Figure 11.2-1 Bit Configuration of the Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
Address: ch.00 000440H
ch.63 00047FH
−
−
−
ICR4
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
---11111B
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
[bit4 to bit0] ICR4 to ICR0
These interrupt level setting bits specify the interrupt level of the corresponding interrupt request.
If an interrupt level defined in this register is higher than the level mask value defined in the ILM
register of the CPU, the interrupt request is masked by the CPU.
These bits are initialized to "11111B" by reset.
Table 11.2-1 shows the relationship between available interrupt level setting bits and interrupt levels.
Table 11.2-1 Relationship Between Available Interrupt Level Setting Bits and Interrupt
Levels
ICR4*
ICR3
ICR2
ICR1
ICR0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
14
0
1
1
1
1
15
1
0
0
0
0
16
1
0
0
0
1
17
1
0
0
1
0
18
1
0
0
1
1
19
1
0
1
0
0
20
1
0
1
0
1
21
1
0
1
1
0
22
1
0
1
1
1
23
1
1
0
0
0
24
1
1
0
0
1
25
1
1
0
1
0
26
1
1
0
1
1
27
1
1
1
0
0
28
1
1
1
0
1
29
1
1
1
1
0
30
1
1
1
1
1
31
*: ICR4 is always "1". "0" cannot be written to this bit.
Interrupt level
Reserved by system
NMI
Maximum level can be set
(High)
(Low)
Interrupt disabled
323
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
11.2.2
HRCL (Hold Request Cancellation Request Register)
HRCL is a level setting register used to generate a hold request cancellation request.
■ Bit Configuration of the Hold Request Cancellation Request Register (HRCL)
The following shows the bit configuration of the hold request cancellation request register (HRCL).
Figure 11.2-2 Bit Configuration of the Hold Request Cancellation Request Register (HRCL)
HRCL
bit
Address: 000039H
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
MHALTI
−
−
LVL4
LVL3
LVL2
LVL1
LVL0
0--11111B
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
[bit7] MHALTI
MHALTI is the DMA transfer suppression bit controlled by an NMI request. An NMI request sets this
bit to "1". Write "0" to this bit to clear it. At the end of an NMI routine, clear this bit in the same way as
a normal interrupt routine.
[bit4 to bit0] LVL4 to LVL0
These bits set the interrupt level used to issue a hold request cancellation request to the bus master.
If an interrupt request with a higher level than the level defined in the HRCL register occurs, a hold
request cancellation request is issued to the bus master.
The LVL4 bit is fixed to "1" and "0" cannot be written to this bit.
324
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
11.3
Interrupt Controller Operation
This section describes the operation of the interrupt controller.
■ Priority Decision
The interrupt controller selects the interrupt factor with the highest priority from among those that occur
simultaneously and outputs the interrupt level and the interrupt number of that factor to the CPU.
The following shows the priority decision criteria for interrupt factor:
1) NMI
2) Factor that meets the following conditions:
- Factor with a value other than 31 for the interrupt level (31 means interrupt is disabled.)
- Factor with the smallest value for the interrupt level
- Factor with the smallest interrupt number among those satisfy the both conditions above
If no interrupt factor is selected according to the above decision criteria, 31 (11111B) is outputted as the
interrupt level. The interrupt number at this time is undefined.
Table 11.3-1 shows the relationship among the interrupt factors, interrupt numbers, and interrupt levels.
Table 11.3-1 Relationship Among Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Numbers, and Interrupt Levels (1 / 6)
Interrupt number
Interrupt factor
Interrupt level
Register
address
Offset
TBR default
address
Resource
Number *
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Setting
register
Reset
0
00H
−
−
3FCH
000FFFFCH
−
Mode vector
1
01H
−
−
3F8H
000FFFF8H
−
Reserved by system
2
02H
−
−
3F4H
000FFFF4H
−
Reserved by system
3
03H
−
−
3F0H
000FFFF0H
−
Reserved by system
4
04H
−
−
3ECH
000FFFECH
−
Reserved by system (UDSU)
5
05H
−
−
3E8H
000FFFE8H
−
Reserved by system (UDSU)
6
06H
−
−
3E4H
000FFFE4H
−
Coprocessor absent trap
7
07H
−
−
3E0H
000FFFE0H
−
Coprocessor error trap
8
08H
−
−
3DCH
000FFFDCH
−
INTE instruction
9
09H
−
−
3D8H
000FFFD8H
−
Reserved by system
10
0AH
−
−
3D4H
000FFFD4H
−
Reserved by system
11
0BH
−
−
3D0H
000FFFD0H
−
Step trace trap
12
0CH
−
−
3CCH
000FFFCCH
−
NMI request (tool)
13
0DH
−
−
3C8H
000FFFC8H
−
325
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
Table 11.3-1 Relationship Among Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Numbers, and Interrupt Levels (2 / 6)
Interrupt number
Interrupt factor
Interrupt level
TBR default
address
Resource
Number *
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Undefined instruction
exception
14
0EH
−
−
3C4H
000FFFC4H
−
NMI request
15
0FH
15(F)
Fixed
15(F)
Fixed
3C0H
000FFFC0H
−
External interrupt 0
16
10H
000FFFBCH
0
17
11H
440H
3BCH
External interrupt 1
ICR00
3B8H
000FFFB8H
1
External interrupt 2
18
12H
000FFFB4H
2
19
13H
441H
3B4H
External interrupt 3
ICR01
3B0H
000FFFB0H
3
External interrupt 4
20
14H
000FFFACH
−
21
15H
442H
3ACH
External interrupt 5
ICR02
3A8H
000FFFA8H
−
External interrupt 6
22
16H
000FFFA4H
−
23
17H
443H
3A4H
External interrupt 7
ICR03
3A0H
000FFFA0H
−
External interrupt 8
24
18H
000FFF9CH
−
25
19H
444H
39CH
External interrupt 9
ICR04
398H
000FFF98H
−
External interrupt 10
26
1AH
000FFF94H
−
27
1BH
445H
394H
External interrupt 11
ICR05
390H
000FFF90H
−
External interrupt 12
28
1CH
000FFF8CH
−
29
1DH
446H
38CH
External interrupt 13
ICR06
388H
000FFF88H
−
External interrupt 14
30
1EH
000FFF84H
−
31
1FH
447H
384H
External interrupt 15
ICR07
380H
000FFF80H
−
Reload timer 0
32
20H
000FFF7CH
4
33
21H
448H
37CH
Reload timer 1
ICR08
378H
000FFF78H
5
Reload timer 2
34
22H
000FFF74H
−
35
23H
449H
374H
Reload timer 3
ICR09
370H
000FFF70H
−
Reserved by system
36
24H
000FFF6CH
−
37
25H
44AH
36CH
Reserved by system
ICR10
368H
000FFF68H
−
Reserved by system
38
26H
000FFF64H
−
39
27H
44BH
364H
Reload timer 7
ICR11
360H
000FFF60H
−
Free-run timer 0
40
28H
000FFF5CH
−
41
29H
44CH
35CH
Free-run timer 1
ICR12
358H
000FFF58H
−
326
Register
address
Offset
Setting
register
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
Table 11.3-1 Relationship Among Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Numbers, and Interrupt Levels (3 / 6)
Interrupt number
Interrupt factor
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Free-run timer 2
42
2AH
Free-run timer 3
43
2BH
Reserved by system
44
2CH
Reserved by system
45
2DH
Reserved by system
46
2EH
Reserved by system
47
2FH
CAN 0
48
30H
CAN 1
49
31H
Reserved by system
50
32H
Reserved by system
51
33H
Reserved by system
52
34H
Reserved by system
53
35H
LIN-UART 0 RX
54
36H
LIN-UART 0 TX
55
37H
LIN-UART 1 RX
56
38H
LIN-UART 1 TX
57
39H
LIN-UART 2 RX
58
3AH
LIN-UART 2 TX
59
3BH
LIN-UART 3 RX
60
3CH
LIN-UART 3 TX
61
3DH
Reserved by system
62
3EH
Delayed interrupt
63
3FH
Reserved by system
64
40H
Reserved by system
65
41H
LIN-UART 4 RX
66
42H
LIN-UART 4 TX
67
43H
LIN-UART 5 RX
68
44H
LIN-UART 5 TX
69
45H
Interrupt level
Setting
register
Register
address
ICR13
44DH
ICR14
44EH
ICR15
44FH
ICR16
450H
ICR17
451H
ICR18
452H
ICR19
453H
ICR20
454H
ICR21
455H
ICR22
456H
ICR23
457H
(ICR24)
458H
ICR25
459H
ICR26
45AH
Offset
TBR default
address
Resource
Number *
354H
000FFF54H
−
350H
000FFF50H
−
34CH
000FFF4CH
−
348H
000FFF48H
−
344H
000FFF44H
−
340H
000FFF40H
−
33CH
000FFF3CH
−
338H
000FFF38H
−
334H
000FFF34H
−
330H
000FFF30H
−
32CH
000FFF2CH
−
328H
000FFF28H
−
324H
000FFF24H
6
320H
000FFF20H
7
31CH
000FFF1CH
8
318H
000FFF18H
9
314H
000FFF14H
−
310H
000FFF10H
−
30CH
000FFF0CH
−
308H
000FFF08H
−
304H
000FFF04H
−
300H
000FFF00H
−
2FCH
000FFEFCH
−
2F8H
000FFEF8H
−
2F4H
000FFEF4H
10
2F0H
000FFEF0H
11
2ECH
000FFEECH
12
2E8H
000FFEE8H
13
327
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
Table 11.3-1 Relationship Among Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Numbers, and Interrupt Levels (4 / 6)
Interrupt number
Interrupt factor
Decimal
Hexadecimal
LIN-USART 6 RX
70
46H
LIN-USART 6 TX
71
47H
Reserved by system
72
48H
Reserved by system
73
49H
I2C_0 / I2C_2
74
4AH
I2C_1 / I2C_3
75
4BH
Reserved by system
76
4CH
Reserved by system
77
4DH
Reserved by system
78
4EH
Reserved by system
79
4FH
Reserved by system
80
50H
Reserved by system
81
51H
Reserved by system
82
52H
Reserved by system
83
53H
Reserved by system
84
54H
Reserved by system
85
55H
Reserved by system
86
56H
Reserved by system
87
57H
Reserved by system
88
58H
Reserved by system
89
59H
Reserved by system
90
5AH
Reserved by system
91
5BH
Input capture 0
92
5CH
Input capture 1
93
5DH
Input capture 2
94
5EH
Input capture 3
95
5FH
Reserved by system
96
60H
Reserved by system
97
61H
328
Interrupt level
Setting
register
Register
address
ICR27
45BH
ICR28
45CH
ICR29
45DH
ICR30
45EH
ICR31
45FH
ICR32
460H
ICR33
461H
ICR34
462H
ICR35
463H
ICR36
464H
ICR37
465H
ICR38
566H
ICR39
467H
ICR40
468H
Offset
TBR default
address
Resource
Number *
2E4H
000FFEE4H
−
2E0H
000FFEE0H
−
2DCH
000FFEDCH
−
2D8H
000FFED8H
−
2D4H
000FFED4H
−
2D0H
000FFED0H
−
2CCH
000FFECCH
−
2C8H
000FFEC8H
−
2C4H
000FFEC4H
−
2C0H
000FFEC0H
−
2BCH
000FFEBCH
−
2B8H
000FFEB8H
−
2B4H
000FFEB4H
−
2B0H
000FFEB0H
−
2ACH
000FFEACH
−
2A8H
000FFEA8H
−
2A4H
000FFEA4H
−
2A0H
000FFEA0H
−
29CH
000FFE9CH
−
298H
000FFE98H
−
294H
000FFE94H
−
290H
000FFE90H
−
28CH
000FFE8CH
−
288H
000FFE88H
−
284H
000FFE84H
−
280H
000FFE80H
−
27CH
000FFE7CH
−
278H
000FFE78H
−
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
Table 11.3-1 Relationship Among Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Numbers, and Interrupt Levels (5 / 6)
Interrupt number
Interrupt factor
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Reserved by system
98
62H
Reserved by system
99
63H
Output capture 0
100
64H
Output capture 1
101
65H
Output capture 2
102
66H
Output capture 3
103
67H
Reserved by system
104
68H
Reserved by system
105
69H
Reserved by system
106
6AH
Reserved by system
107
6BH
Reserved by system
108
6CH
Reserved by system
109
6DH
Reserved by system
110
6EH
Reserved by system
111
6FH
PPG0
112
70H
PPG1
113
71H
PPG2
114
72H
PPG3
115
73H
PPG4
116
74H
PPG5
117
75H
PPG6
118
76H
PPG7
119
77H
Reserved by system
120
78H
Reserved by system
121
79H
Reserved by system
122
7AH
Reserved by system
123
7BH
Reserved by system
124
7CH
Reserved by system
125
7DH
Interrupt level
Setting
register
Register
address
ICR41
469H
ICR42
46AH
ICR43
46BH
ICR44
46CH
ICR45
46DH
ICR46
46EH
ICR47
46FH
ICR48
470H
ICR49
471H
ICR50
472H
ICR51
473H
ICR52
474H
ICR53
475H
ICR54
476H
Offset
TBR default
address
Resource
Number *
274H
000FFE74H
−
270H
000FFE70H
−
26CH
000FFE6CH
−
268H
000FFE68H
−
264H
000FFE64H
−
260H
000FFE60H
−
25CH
000FFE5CH
−
258H
000FFE58H
−
254H
000FFE54H
−
250H
000FFE50H
−
24CH
000FFE4CH
−
248H
000FFE48H
−
244H
000FFE44H
−
240H
000FFE40H
−
23CH
000FFE3CH
15
238H
000FFE38H
−
234H
000FFE34H
−
230H
000FFE30H
−
22CH
000FFE2CH
−
228H
000FFE28H
−
224H
000FFE24H
−
220H
000FFE20H
−
21CH
000FFE1CH
−
218H
000FFE18H
−
214H
000FFE14H
−
210H
000FFE10H
−
20CH
000FFE0CH
−
208H
000FFE08H
−
329
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
Table 11.3-1 Relationship Among Interrupt Factors, Interrupt Numbers, and Interrupt Levels (6 / 6)
Interrupt number
Interrupt factor
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Reserved by system
126
7EH
Reserved by system
127
7FH
Reserved by system
128
80H
Reserved by system
129
81H
Reserved by system
130
82H
Reserved by system
131
83H
Real time clock
132
84
Clock calibration *
133
85H
A/D converter 0
134
85
Reserved by system
135
87H
Reserved by system
136
88H
Reserved by system
137
89H
Reserved by system
138
8AH
Reserved by system
139
8BH
Time base overflow
140
8CH
PLL clock gear
141
8DH
DMA controller
142
8EH
Interrupt level
Setting
register
Register
address
ICR55
477H
ICR56
478H
ICR57
479H
ICR58
47AH
ICR59
47BH
ICR60
47CH
ICR61
47DH
ICR62
47EH
ICR63
47FH
Offset
TBR default
address
Resource
Number *
204H
000FFE04H
−
200H
000FFE00H
−
1FCH
000FFDFCH
−
1F8H
000FFDF8H
−
1F4H
000FFDF4H
−
1F0H
000FFDF0H
−
1ECH
000FFDECH
−
1E8H
000FFDE8H
−
1E4H
000FFDE4H
14
1E0H
000FFDE0H
−
1DCH
000FFDDCH
−
1D8H
000FFDD8H
−
1D4H
000FFDD4H
−
1D0H
000FFDD0H
−
1CCH
000FFDCCH
−
1C8H
000FFDC8H
−
1C4H
000FFDC4H
−
1C0H
000FFDC0H
−
Main/sub oscillation
stabilization wait
143
8FH
Reserved by system
144
90H
−
−
1BCH
000FFDBCH
−
Use in INT instruction
145
:
255
91H
:
FFH
−
−
1B8H
:
000H
000FFDB8H
:
000FFC00H
−
*: Clock Calibration cannot be used with MB91461.
330
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt)
NMI has the highest priority among the interrupt factors handled by this module.
Therefore, NMI is always selected if it occurs at the same time as other interrupt factors do.
● NMI generation
If an NMI occurs, the following information is reported to the CPU:
• Interrupt level: 15 (01111B)
• Interrupt number: 15 (0001111B)
● NMI detection
The external interrupt and NMI module sets and detects the NMI. This module only generates an interrupt
level, interrupt number, and MHALTI in response to an NMI request.
● DMA transfer suppression by NMI
If an NMI request is generated, the MHALTI bit of the HRCL register is set to "1" to suppress DMA
transfer. To cancel the suppression of DMA transfer, clear the MHALTI bit to "0" at the end of the NMI
routine.
■ Hold Request Cancellation Request
If an interrupt with a high priority is processed during CPU hold (during DMA transfer), the device that has
generated the hold request must cancel the request. Set the interrupt level used as the criterion of generating
a cancellation request in the HRCL register.
● Generation criteria
If an interrupt factor with a higher interrupt level than the level defined in the HRCL register is generated, a
hold request cancellation request is generated.
HRCL register interrupt level > Interrupt level after a priority decision
→ Cancellation request is generated
HRCL register interrupt level ≤ Interrupt level after a priority decision
→ Cancellation request is not generated
Unless the interrupt factor that has caused the cancellation request is cleared, the cancellation request
remains valid and so no DMA transfer occurs as a result. Be sure to clear the corresponding interrupt
factor. If an NMI is used, the cancellation request is valid because the MHALTI bit of the HRCL register is
"1".
331
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
● Available setting levels
Values that can be set in the HRCL register range from "10000B" to "11111B", which is the same range as
for the ICR.
If this register is set to "11111B", a cancellation request is issued for all the interrupt levels. If this register
is set to "10000B", a cancellation request is issued only for an NMI.
Table 11.3-2 shows the settings of interrupt levels for the hold request cancellation request generation.
Table 11.3-2 Settings of Interrupt Levels for the Hold Request Cancellation Request
Generation
16
NMI only
17
NMI, Interrupt level 16
18
NMI, Interrupt levels 16 and 17
···
Interrupt level for cancellation request generation
···
HRCL register
31
NMI, Interrupt levels 16 to 30 [Initial value]
After a reset, DMA transfer is suppressed at any interrupt levels. Since DMA transfer cannot be performed
if an interrupt has been occurred, be sure to set the HRCL register to the appropriate value.
■ Return from Standby Mode (Sleep/Stop)
This module implements a function that causes a return from stop mode if an interrupt request occurs. If at
least one interrupt request that includes NMI from the peripheral is generated (with an interrupt level other
than "11111B"), a return request from stop mode is generated for the clock controller.
Since the priority decision unit restarts operation when a clock is supplied after returning from stop, the
CPU executes instructions until the result of the priority decision unit is obtained.
The same operation occurs for a return from the sleep state. Registers in this module can be accessed even
in the sleep state.
Notes:
• A return from shutdown mode by NMI request is not supported.
• A return from stop mode by NMI request can be possible. However, be sure to set NMI so that
valid inputs in the stop state can be detected.
• Set an interrupt level to "11111B" in the corresponding peripheral control register for an interrupt
factor that you do not want to cause a return from stop or sleep.
332
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ Example of Using the Hold Request Cancellation Request Function (HRCL)
To allow the CPU to perform high-priority processing during DMA transfer, cancel a hold request to the
DMA and clear the hold state. In this example, an interrupt is used to cancel a hold request to the DMA,
allowing the CPU to perform priority operations.
● Control register
1) HRCL (Hold request cancellation level setting register): This module:
If an interrupt with a higher interrupt level than the level defined in this register occurs, a hold request
cancellation request is issued to DMA. This register sets the level to be used as the criterion for this
purpose.
2) ICR: This module:
This register sets a higher level than the level in the HRCL register for the ICR corresponding to the
interrupt factor to be used.
● Hardware configuration
Figure 11.3-1 shows the flow of each signal for hold request.
Figure 11.3-1 Flow of Each Signal for Hold Request
This module
IRQ
Bus access request
MHALTI
I-unit
DHREQ
DMA
B-unit
DHREQ: D-bus hold request
CPU
DHACK: D-bus hold acknowledge
(ICR)
IRQ:
(HRCL)
DHACK
Interrupt request
MHALTI: Hold request cancellation request
● Sequence
Figure 11.3-2 shows the interrupt level HRCL < ICR (LEVEL).
Figure 11.3-2 Interrupt Level HRCL < ICR (LEVEL)
RUN
CPU
Bus access request
Interrupt processing
(1)
(2)
Bus hold (DMA transfer)
Example of
interrupt routine
(1) Interrupt
factor clear
···
DHREQ
Bus hold
DHACK
(2) RETI
IRQ
LEVEL
MHALTI
333
CHAPTER 11 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
If an interrupt request occurs, the interrupt level changes and if the interrupt level is higher than the level
defined in the HRCL register, MHALTI becomes "H" level for DMA. This causes DMA to cancel an
access request and the CPU to return from the hold state to perform the interrupt processing.
Figure 11.3-3 shows the INTC-3 interrupt level HRCL < ICR (interrupt I) < ICR (interrupt II).
Figure 11.3-3 INTC-3 Interrupt Level HRCL < ICR (Interrupt I) < ICR (Interrupt II)
RUN
Bus hold
CPU
Interrupt
processing II
Interrupt I
(3)
(4)
Interrupt
processing I
(1)
Bus hold
(DMA transfer)
(2)
Bus access request
DHREQ
DHACK
IRQ1
IRQ2
LEVEL
MHALTI
[Example of interrupt routine]
(1), (3) Interrupt factor clear
to
(2), (4) RETI
The above example shows a case that an interrupt with a higher priority occurs while interrupt routine I is
being executed.
While the interrupt with a higher level than the level in the HRCL register is occurring, DHREQ is kept at a
low level.
Note:
Be especially careful about the relationship between interrupt levels to be defined in the HRCL and
ICR.
334
CHAPTER 12
EXTERNAL INTERRUPT
CONTROLLER
This chapter describes the overview of the external
interrupt controller, configuration and functions of the
registers and external interrupt controller operation.
12.1 Overview of the External Interrupt Controller
12.2 External Interrupt Controller Registers
12.3 Operation of the External Interrupt Controller
335
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
12.1
Overview of the External Interrupt Controller
The external interrupt controller is a block that controls external interrupt requests inputted
to INT pin.
The type can be selected from the following four types as the request level/edge to be
detected.
• "H" level
• "L" level
• Rising edge
• Falling edge
■ List of the External Interrupt Controller Registers
External interrupt controller registers are shows as follows.
Figure 12.1-1 Bit Configuration of External Interrupt Controller Registers
bit
bit
bit
bit
336
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EN7
EN6
EN5
EN4
EN3
EN2
EN1
EN0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ER7
ER6
ER5
ER4
ER3
ER2
ER1
ER0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LB3
LA3
LB2
LA2
LB1
LA1
LB0
LA0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
LB7
LA7
LB6
LA6
LB5
LA5
LB4
LA4
External interrupt enable
register (ENIR)
External interrupt factor
register (EIRR)
Request level setting
register (ELVR)
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ Block Diagram of the External Interrupt Controller
Figure 12.1-2 shows a block diagram of the external interrupt controller.
Figure 12.1-2 Block Diagram of the External Interrupt Controller
R-bus
8
Interrupt
request
17
Interrupt enable register
Gate
17
Factor F/F
Edge detection circuit
INT0 to INT15
NMI
8
Interrupt factor register
16
Request level setting register
337
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
12.2
External Interrupt Controller Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the external interrupt
controller registers.
■ Details of External Interrupt Controller Registers
The external interruption controller registers are the following three types:
• External Interrupt Enable Register (ENIR)
• External Interrupt Factor Register (EIRR)
• External Interrupt Request Level Setting Register (ELVR)
338
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
12.2.1
External Interrupt Enable Register (ENIR)
ENIR controls the masking of external interrupt request output.
■ Bit Configuration of ENIR
Figure 12.2-1 shows the bit configuration of the interrupt enable register.
Figure 12.2-1 Bit Configuration of the Interrupt Enable Register
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ENIR0 Address: 000031H EN7 EN6 EN5 EN4 EN3 EN2 EN1 EN0
bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ENIR1 Address: 000035H EN15 EN14 EN13 EN12 EN11 EN10 EN9 EN8
Initial value
00000000B
[R/W]
00000000B
[R/W]
The interrupt request output corresponding to the bit to which "1" is written in this register is enabled
(INT0 enabling is controlled by EN0), and a request is outputted to the interrupt controller. The pin
corresponding to the bit to which "0" is written holds the interrupt factor but does not generate a request to
the interrupt controller.
339
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
12.2.2
External Interrupt Factor Register (EIRR)
EIRR indicates the presence of the corresponding external interrupt request when
reading this register, and clears the contents of the flip-flop indicating this interrupt
request when writing to this register.
■ Bit Configuration of EIRR
Bit configuration of the external interrupt factor register is as follows.
Figure 12.2-2 Bit Configuration of the External Interrupt Factor Register
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
EIRR0 Address: 000030H ER7 ER6 ER5 ER4 ER3 ER2 ER1 ER0
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
EIRR1 Address: 000034H ER15 ER14 ER13 ER12 ER11 ER10 ER9 ER8
Initial value
00000000B
[R/W]
00000000B
[R/W]
When this EIRR register is read, the operation becomes as follows depending on the value.
If the read value of this EIRR register is "1", there is an external interrupt request at the pin corresponding
to the bit. When "0" is written to this register, the request flip-flop of the corresponding bit is cleared.
Writing "1" is invalid.
For a read by a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction, "1" is read.
340
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
12.2.3
External Interrupt Request Level Setting Register (ELVR)
ELVR is the register that selects a request detection.
■ Bit Configuration of ELVR
Bit configuration of the external interrupt request level setting is as follows.
Figure 12.2-3 Bit Configuration of the External Interrupt Request Level Setting
bit 7
ELVR0 Address: 000032H LB3
bit 15
000033H LB7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
LA3
LB2
LA2
LB1
LA1
LB0
LA0
00000000B
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Initial value
LA7
LB6
LA6
LB5
LA5
LB4
LA4
00000000B
[R/W]
bit 7
6
5
4
3
ELVR1 Address: 000036H LB11 LA11 LB10 LA10 LB9
2
1
0
LA9
LB8
LA8
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
000037H LB15 LA15 LB14 LA14 LB13 LA13 LB12 LA12
Initial value
00000000B
Initial value
00000000B
[R/W]
In ELVR, two bits each are assigned to each interrupt channel and the setting is as shown below.
Even though each bit of the EIRR is cleared while the request input is level-base operation, the
corresponding bit is set again as long as the input is at active level.
Table 12.2-1 shows the assignment of ELVR.
Table 12.2-1 Assignment of ELVR
LBx, LAx
Operation
00B
Detecting a request with "L" level [Initial value]
01B
Detecting a request with "H" level
10B
Detecting a request with rising edge
11B
Detecting a request with falling edge
Notes:
• Edge detection cannot be set for the interrupts that cause return from the STOP mode and the
shut-down mode.
• If external interrupt request level is changed, internal interrupt request may be occurred. So clear
the external interrupt register (EIRR) after changing the external interrupt request level. When you
want to clear the external interrupt request level register once.
341
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
12.3
Operation of the External Interrupt Controller
This section explains the operation of the external interruption controller.
■ External Interrupt Operation
After a request level and an enable register are set, if a request set in the ELVR register is inputted to the
corresponding pin, this module generates an interrupt request signal to the interrupt controller. When
priorities of the interrupts generated simultaneously in the interrupt controller is determined and if the
priority of the interrupt from this resource is the highest, the corresponding interrupt is generated.
Figure 12.3-1 shows the external interrupt operation.
Figure 12.3-1 External Interrupt Operation
External interrupt
ELVR
Resource
request
Interrupt controller
ICR Y Y
EIRR
ENIR
CPU
IL
CMP
ICR X X
CMP
ILM
Factor
■ Operation Procedure of External Interrupt
Use the following procedure to set registers located in the external interrupt controller:
1. Set the port to be used as a external interrupt input and shared general-purpose I/O port to input port.
2. Disable the target bit in the interrupt enable register (ENIR).
3. Set the target bit in the external interrupt request level setting register (ELVR).
4. Read the external interrupt request level setting register (ELVR).
5. Clear the target bit in the external interrupt source register (EIRR).
6. Enable the target bit in the interrupt enable register (ENIR).
(Simultaneous writing of 16-bit data is supported for steps 5) and 6)).
Before setting registers in this module, be sure to disable the enable register. In addition, before enabling
the enable register, be sure to clear the factor register. This procedure is required to prevent an interrupt
factor from occurring by mistake while a register is being set or an interrupt is enabled.
342
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ External Interrupt Request Level
If the request level is an edge request, a pulse width of at least three machine cycles (peripheral clock
machine cycles) is required to detect an edge.
If the request input level is a level setting, even when a request input arrives from the outside and is then
cancelled, the request to the interrupt controller remains valid because a factor holding circuit exists
internally.
The factor register must be cleared to cancel the request to the interrupt controller.
Figure 12.3-2 shows the clearing of the factor holding circuit when a level is set.
Figure 12.3-2 Clearing of the Factor Holding Circuit When a Level is Set
Interrupt input
Level detection
Factor F/F
(Factor holding circuit)
Enable gate
Interrupt
controller
Continuing to hold a factor unless cleared
Figure 12.3-3 shows the interrupt factor and the interrupt request to the interrupt controller when interrupt
is enabled.
Figure 12.3-3 Interrupt Factor and Interrupt Request to the Interrupt Controller
When Interrupt is Enabled
Interrupt input
"H" level
Interrupt request to
interrupt controller
Becoming invalid by clearing factor F/F
343
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ Precautions when Returning from STOP State Using External Interrupt
The external interrupt signal that is initially input to the INT pin in a STOP state is input asynchronously,
allowing the device to return from the STOP state. Note, however, that there are periods from the release of
the STOP state till the end of the oscillation stabilization wait time, in such periods the input of other
external interrupt signals cannot be identified (period of b + c + d in Figure 12.3-4). This is because the
external input signal after the release of STOP mode is synchronized with the internal clock; consequently,
the corresponding interrupt source cannot be retained while the clock is still unstable.
Therefore, input an external interrupt signal after the oscillation stabilization wait time has passed, when
inputting an external interrupt after the release of STOP mode.
Figure 12.3-4 Operational Sequence for Returning from STOP State by External Interrupt
INT1
INT0
Internal
STOP
"L"
s
"H"
Regulator
Internal
operation
(RUN)
Implement command (RUN)
X0
Internal
clock
Interrupt flag clear
INTR0
INTE0
"1" (Set to enable before switching to STOP mode)
INTR1
INTE1
"1" enable (Set before switching to STOP mode)
(e)RUN
(a) STOP (b) Regulator stabilization wait time (d) Oscillation stabilization time
(c) Oscillator oscillation time
344
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
■ Operation when Recovering from STOP Mode
The operation when recovery from STOP mode is triggered by an external interrupt from an operating
circuit is as follows.
● Processing prior to entering STOP mode
Setting External Interrupt Route
It is necessary to permit the interrupt input route for release STOP status before the device transits to
STOP status. These configuration are made using the EISSR register. Under normal conditions (i.e., any
status other than STOP), the interrupt input route is permitted, so there is no need for special
recognition. In STOP status, however, the input path is controlled by the EISSR register value.
External Interrupt Inputs
If recovering from STOP status, the external interrupt signals send an input signal asynchronously.
When this interrupt signal is asserted, the internal STOP signal is immediately turned OFF. At the same
time, the external interrupt circuit is switched so as to synchronize other level interrupt inputs.
● Regulator stabilization wait time
The mechanism for switching from the regulator used during STOP mode to the regulator used during
RUN mode is invoked when the internal STOP signal is fallen. As misoperation may occur if internal
operation starts before the voltage output of the RUN mode regulator has stabilized, a delay time is used to
wait for the internal output voltage to stabilize. The clock remains halted during this time.
● Oscillator startup time
The clock oscillation starts after the regulator stabilization delay time elapses. The startup time of the
oscillator depends on the type of oscillator used.
● Oscillation stabilization wait time
After the oscillator startup time elapses, the device waits for the oscillation stabilization wait time which is
generated internally. This time is specified by the OS1 and OS0 bits in the standby control register. After
the oscillation stabilization wait time elapses, the internal clock supply starts and execution of the interrupt
handler for the external interrupt starts. At the same time the external interrupts other than the return source
from STOP mode become able to be received.
Note:
When "H" was input externally to INT0 through INT15 and the following operation is conducted, the
request flag EIRR will be set even if "L" is not input externally:
1. An interrupt pin is set with PFR.
2. The interrupt detection level is set to "L".
3. An interrupt is enabled.
To avoid this, clear EIRR between steps 2. and 3.
345
CHAPTER 12 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
346
CHAPTER 13
MPU / EDSU
This chapter describes the memory protection features
and embedded debug support features.
13.1 Overview
13.2 Break Functions
13.3 EDSU Registers
13.4 Quick Reference
347
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.1
Overview
The memory protection unit (MPU) and the embedded debug support unit (EDSU) are
installed on MB91F467R. These features are not provided on MB91461.
Note:
The MPU/EDSU module features a clock disable function. For enabling the MPU/EDSU module it is
necessary to set the EDSUEN bit in the CSCFG register.
The MPU/EDSU is scalable in units of "Comparator Groups". The number of this Groups can be defined
from up to eight. Features of Comparator Group are listed below:
• A total number of 4 Breakpoints, could be programmed to:
- 4 Instruction Address Breakpoints
- 4 Operand Address Breakpoints (programmable on datasize and access type)
- 2 Operand Address Breakpoints and 2 Instruction Address Breakpoints
- 2 Operand Address Breakpoints and 2 Data Value Breakpoints
• 2 Masks possible to assign (reduces the number of breakpoints)
• 2 Range Functions
• Break Trigger programmable on resource interrupts
• MPU functionality
- User and SuperVisor permission for read/write/execute
- Default permissions for the whole MCU address range
- Permission definition for two address ranges per Comparator Group
(8 Groups result in 16 MPU Channels)
- Can detect DMA accesses on the D-bus and Resource address regions
- Register set is locked in User mode
- Dynamic configuration possible, privileged configuration with INT #5 is not interruptible
- A permission violation causes an MPUPV trap
• Capture register for Instruction Address and Operand Address (for MPU and Operand Break)
• Capture information for MPU channel index, DMA flag, Operand Size and Access Type
348
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.2
Break Functions
This chapter describes each breakpoint and embedded debug support features.
One Comparator Group offers up to 4 Breakpoints. One Group consists of two full-featured range
comparators with the option to use two point registers as mask information. The following features could
be partially mixed-up:
■ Features
● Instruction Address Breakpoints
Up to 4 instruction address breakpoints can be defined.
Two instruction breakpoints can be masked. The other two registers can operate as mask registers then.
Also maskable is a break address range made with two points and one mask register.
Two absolute address ranges for instruction breakpoints can be defined where 2 or 4 out of 4 instruction
breakpoint
registers are assigned for the range.
● Operand Address Breakpoints
Up to 4 operand address breakpoints can be defined.
Two operand breakpoints can be masked. The other two registers can operate as mask registers then. Also
maskable is a break address range made with two points and one mask register.
Two absolute address ranges for operand breakpoints can be defined where 2 or 4 out of 4 operand
breakpoint registers are assigned for the range.
Operand breaks can be selected for datasizes: byte, halfword and word on access types: read, read-modifywrite (RMW) instruction and write.
● Operand Data Value Breakpoints
Up to 2 operand data value breakpoints can be defined.
The definition of one data value range is possible.
One data value breakpoint can be masked by defining the other point as mask register.
The Operand Address and Data Value Breakpoints can be switched to a combined trigger condition.
● Memory protection
Two channels/ranges could be defined to operate in memory protection mode.
Possible is the protection of two Operand Address ranges, two Instruction Address Ranges or a
combination of one Operand and one Instruction Address range.
Read/write or execute permissions could be defined for each channel, both for the normal User and the
SuperVisor mode.
349
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.2.1
Instruction Address Break
Four breakpoints or less can be defined in the instruction address break. This section
describes the setting of the instruction address break.
The instruction address break is the most basic break that occurs when an instruction is fetched at the
address specified by the break address data registers BAD[3:0]. Setting the CTC[1:0] bits of the control
register BCR0 to "00B" provides this mode. The bits EP[3:0] in BCR0 enable the break points.
Up to 4 instruction breakpoints from channels 0 to 3 can be set. All instruction break events are ORed into
instruction break exception requests to the CPU.
■ Mask Register Setting
2 of the break address data registers can operate as mask registers (BAD0, BAD2) for masking the
instruction address which is being fetched. Mask register BAD0 can be assigned either to BAD1 (same
channel) or BAD2/BAD3 (opposite channel), mask register BAD2 can be assigned either to BAD3 or
BAD0/BAD1.
Normally Instruction break address and mask information reside in the same channel. So BAD3 contains
the instruction break address and BAD2 the address mask information. The channel is enabled with EP3.
The same applies for channel BAD1 (address), BAD0 (mask) and EP1 (enable).
BAD2 retains the instruction address information and cannot carry the address mask. In this case, the mask
information is retrieved from the register BAD0 by enabling point 2 (EP2) or the range function (ER1). The
same applies for EP0 and ER0: The mask information is retrieved from the register BAD2.
Example:
CTC00:
Type: Instruction Address Break
EP11:
Enable break point address BAD1
EM01:
Set mask BAD0 for break address BAD1
BAD1 12345678H:
Set break address
BAD0 00000FFFH:
Set break mask
Break occurs at 12345000H to 12345FFFH
On break at BAD[3:0] the respective flags BD[3:0] in the break interrupt request register BIRQ will be set
to "1". They have to be reset by software in the instruction break routine.
350
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
■ Address Range Match Function Setting
Channels 0 and 1 (BAD0, BAD1) function as address range match when setting the ER0 bit of the control
register BCR0 to "1". BAD0 is the lower address and BAD1 is the upper address for address comparison.
The mask register BAD2 will mask both channels 0 and 1, if the mask feature is enabled by EM0 = 1.
Alternatively, channels 2 and 3 (BAD2, BAD3) function as address range match when setting the ER1 bit
of the control register BCR0 to "1". BAD2 is the lower address and BAD3 is the upper address for address
comparison. The mask register BAD0 will mask both channels 2 and 3, if the mask feature is enabled by
EM1 = 1.
Example:
CTC00:
Type: Instruction Address Break
EP01:
Enable break point address BAD0
EP11:
Enable break point address BAD1
ER01:
Enable address range function on BAD0, BAD1
EM01:
Set mask BAD0 of break address BAD1
BAD0 12345200H: Set lower break address
BAD1 12345300H: Set upper break address
BAD2 F0000000H: Set break mask
Break occurs at 02345200H to 02345300H, or at 12345200H to 12345300H, or at 22345200H to 22345300H,
etc.
The resulting setting of the BD[1:0] status bits indicates the point, respective the area in which the break
has occurred.
Table 13.2-1 Instruction Break Detection Status Bits (BD)
BD1
BD0
Break detection address
0
1
Match on start point (instruction address = 12345200H or instruction address =
22345200H etc.)
1
0
Match on end point (instruction address = 12345300H or instruction address =
22345300H etc.)
1
1
Match on range (12345200H < instruction address < 12345300H or 22345200H <
instruction address < 22345300H etc.)
In the instruction address break mode the following important point has to be considered:
To precisely determine the instruction address where a break occurs, use the PC value saved on the stack
during entry to the instruction break interrupt service routine.
351
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.2.2
Operand Address Break
Four breakpoints or less can be defined in the operand address break point. This
section describes the setting of the operand address break.
The operand address break causes a break for the data access address which can be specified by the operand
address break registers BAD[3:0]. Setting the CTC[1:0] bits of the control register BCR0 to "01B" provides
this mode. The bits EP[3:0] in BCR0 enable the break points.
Up to 4 breakpoints from channels 0 to 3 can be set. All operand break events are ORed into a operand
break exception interrupt request to the CPU.
Example:
CTC01:
Type: Operand Address Break
EP11:
Enable break point address BAD0
EM01:
Enable break point address BAD1
BAD1 12345678H: Set break address
BAD0 00000FFFH: Set break mask
Break occurs at 12345000H to 12345FFFH
On break at BAD[3:0] the respective flags BD[3:0] in the break interrupt request register BIRQ will be set
to "1". They have to be reset by software in the operand break exception routine.
■ Address Range Match Function Setting
Channels 0 and 1 (BAD0, BAD1) function as address range match when setting the ER0 bit of the control
register BCR0 to "1". BAD0 is the lower address and BAD1 is the upper address for address comparison.
The mask register BAD2 will mask both channels 0 and 1, if the mask feature is enabled by EM0 = 1.
Alternatively, channels 2 and 3 (BAD2, BAD3) function as address range match when setting the ER1 bit
of the control register BCR0 to "1". BAD2 is the lower address and BAD3 is the upper address for address
comparison. The mask register BAD0 will mask both channels 2 and 3, if the mask feature is enabled by
EM1 = 1.
Example:
CTC01:
Type: Operand Address Break
EP01:
Enable break point on BAD0
EP11:
Enable break point on BAD1
ER01:
Enable address range function on BAD0, BAD1
EM01:
Enable address mask function on BAD0, BAD1
BAD0 12345200H: Set lower break address
BAD1 12345300H: Set upper break address
BAD2 F0000000H: Set break mask
352
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
Break occurs at 02345200H to 02345300H, or at 12345200H to 12345300H, or at 22345200H to 22345300H,
etc.
The resulting setting of the BD[1:0] status bits indicates the point, respective the area in which the break
has occurred.
Table 13.2-2 Operand Break Detection Status Bits (BD)
BD1
BD0
Break detection address
0
1
Match on start point (operand address = 12345200H or operand address =
22345200H etc.)
1
0
Match on end point (operand address = 12345300H or operand address = 22345300H
etc.)
1
1
Match on range (12345200H < operand address < 12345300H or 22345200H <
operand address < 22345300H etc.)
The access data length and read/write break attributes can also be specified by bits OBS[1:0] and OBT[1:0]
of the control register BCR0. When the mask function is disabled by setting EM1 = EM0 = 0 (all bits
effective), the relationship between breakpoint setting, and break by access address is shown below:
Table 13.2-3 Operand Size and Operand Address Relations
Access data
length
8bit
16bit
32bit
Access
address
Address set in BOA0, BOA1
4n + 0
4n + 1
4n + 2
4n + 3
4n + 0
Hit
-
-
-
4n + 1
-
Hit
-
-
4n + 2
-
-
Hit
-
4n + 3
-
-
-
Hit
4n + 0
Hit
Hit
-
-
4n + 1
Hit
Hit
-
-
4n + 2
-
-
Hit
Hit
4n + 3
-
-
Hit
Hit
4n + 0
Hit
Hit
Hit
Hit
4n + 1
Hit
Hit
Hit
Hit
4n + 2
Hit
Hit
Hit
Hit
4n + 3
Hit
Hit
Hit
Hit
In Operand address break mode the Operand Address, causing the break is captured in the BOAC register.
Additional BIAC holds the instruction address of the instruction, which was executed one cycle before the
break causing data operation. This is normally the instruction, which has caused the data transfer.
353
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
In the operand address break the following important points have to be considered:
1. In the FR family architecture, if data access is performed with misalignment, the lower address bit 0 will
be ignored for halfword and the lower address bits 0 and 1 for word access. The mask register could be
programmed accordingly.
2. The EDSU operand break does not always occur immediately after completion of execution of the
instruction causing the break event.
3. Please see also information at "13.2.4 Using Operand with Data Break".
354
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.2.3
Data Value Break
Two breakpoints or less can be defined in the data value break point. This section
describes the setting of the data value break point.
The data value break causes a break if specified data is read or written at a data access to an address
specified by the CPU. The data can be specified by the data value break registers BAD0 and BAD1. Setting
the CTC[1:0] bits of the control register BCR0 to "11B" provides this mode. The bits EP0 and EP1 in
BCR0 enable the break condition.
Up to 2 break points from channels 0 to 1 can be set. All data value break events are ORed into a operand
break exception to the CPU.
1 mask register (BAD0) is available for masking the data value (stored in BAD1) and 1 mask register
(BAD2) is available for masking the operand address (BAD3) which is being accessed. Mask registers
BAD2 and BAD0 can be enabled with EM1 and EM0.
The data on which a break should be executed must be masked by a data-mask on the bus, requiring 32-bit
setting considering the address and data length (see Table 13.2-4 ). This is required due to the byte position
of the operand is dependent from the operand address. The setting of data length of the control register
BCR0:OBS[1:0] could be configured to all ignored. The data length is controllable by mask setting to the
BAD0 register implicitly.
On break at BAD[1:0] the respective flags BD[1:0] in the break interrupt request register BIRQ will be set
to "1". They have to be reset by software in the operand break exception routine.
In Operand data value break the Operand Address, causing the break is captured in the BOAC register.
Additional BIAC holds the address of the instruction, which was executed one cycle before the break
causing data operation. This is normally the instruction, which has caused the data transfer.
In the data value break mode the following important points have to be considered:
1. The data value break is also executed for matching DMA transfers. This could lead to unexpected
behavior due to parallel processes. The filter bits FDMA and FCPU could be set for dedicated
investigations.
2. The EDSU data break does not always occur immediately after completion of execution of the
instruction causing the break event.
3. Please see also information at "13.2.4 Using Operand with Data Break".
355
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
Table 13.2-4 Relation between BAD Register and Mask
Access
data length
8bit
16bit
32bit
Address
set to
BAD3/BAD2
MASK set to
BAD0
Position of valid
data in BAD1/BAD0
(indicated by *)
4n + 0
00FFFFFFH
**-- ----
4n + 1
FF00FFFFH
--** ----
4n + 2
FFFF00FFH
---- **--
4n + 3
FFFFFF00H
---- --**
4n + 0
0000FFFFH
**** ----
4n + 1
0000FFFFH
**** ----
4n + 2
FFFF0000H
---- ****
4n + 3
FFFF0000H
---- ****
4n + 0
00000000H
**** ****
4n + 1
00000000H
**** ****
4n + 2
00000000H
**** ****
4n + 3
00000000H
**** ****
Remarks
−
Possibly intended to use
address mask in BAD3 for
address bit0
Possibly intended to use
address mask in BAD3 for
address bit1 and bit0;
Data mask not required, two
channels could be used
Note:
1. The mask values for the BAD0 register in the table are a minimum set of bits. Setting more
masking bits permits masking bits not needed to be compared with transfer data.
2. "Position of valid data in BAD1, BAD0" provides an 8-bit hexadecimal image for MSB on the left
and LSB on the right. Data at bit positions indicated by * in the BAD1, BAD0 registers is
compared with data on the data bus, according to the access data length and access address.
356
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.2.4
Using Operand with Data Break
This section describes the setting when the data value break is used together with the
operand address break.
By setting the combination of EP3 and EP1, or the combination of EP2 and EP0, or both combinations, and
then setting CTC = 11B and COMB = 1, the data value break can be used together with the operand address
break.
In other words: a break in channel 0 will occur at a match on operand address in BAD2 and a match on data
value in BAD0. A break in channel 1 will occur at a match on operand address in BAD3 and a match on
data value in BAD1. It is not possible to mix them vice versa.
On break both BD0 and BD2, respective BD1 and BD3 are set. They have to be reset by software in the
operand break exception routine.
Table 13.2-5 Operand Address and Data Value Break Combinations
EP3/EP2 EP1/EP0
COMB
Function
0
0
0
No break detection
0
1
0
Independent data break (match value on any operand address)
1
0
0
Independent Operand break (match operand address)
1
1
0
Independent Data break and Operand break
0
0
1
No break detection
0
1
1
No break detection
1
0
1
No break detection
1
1
1
Data value break (match both operand address and value)
357
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.2.5
Memory Protection
This section describes the memory protection.
Due to the availability of address range comparators for the operand and instruction addresses the wish is
obvious, to use the same comparator hardware as a memory protection unit (MPU).
Following table list the possible type configurations and its feasibility to be used for memory protection.
The number of break points and MPU channels is valid for 8 comparator groups implemented.
Table 13.2-6 Comparator Type Configuration
CTC
CMP1
Input
CMP0
Input
Max. Break Points
(MPE=0)
00
IA
IA
32 Instruction breaks
16 ranges with execute permissions
01
OA
OA
32 Operand breaks
16 ranges with read/write permissions
10
OA
IA
16 + 16 IA/OA breaks
8 ranges with read/write and execute permissions or 8+8
independent ranges
11
OA
DT
16 data value breaks
-
Max. MPU Channels (MPE=1)
In addition to the existing functions, there is an extended function to allow users to read/write/set
permissions to the operand break size including the read-modify-write (RMW) instruction or to the bus
corresponding to the OBS/OBT type.
Permissions can be set for the comparator channel CMP1 and CMP0 separately, indicated by the symbol
index.
Table 13.2-7 Meaning of the Permission Config Bits
Symbol
Data Mode (OA)
Instruction Mode (IA)
SRX[1:0]
SuperVisor Read permission
SuperVisor execute permission
SW[1:0]
SuperVisor Write permission
-
URX[1:0]
User Read permission
User execute permission
UW[1:0]
User Write permission
-
At each time an instruction is executed or an operand is accessed, the actual valid permissions were
evaluated. This setting is divided into operand access (OA-based) and code execution (IA-based).
For each part the highest priority region hit is searched for. The highest channel number has the highest
priority. If a channel hit was found, the permissions defined for this channel will apply. If no channel hit
was detected, the default permissions apply.
After the permissions are set (valid for actual instruction if there is a data access.) the accesses were
checked. If the execute permission is not set or if the read or write permissions do not fit to the type of the
actual access, a protection violation will be indicated. This causes a CPU trap to the memory protection
violation MPUPV handler routine. The CPU switches directly to SuperVisor mode in this case.
358
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
The config register space of the EDSU is protected against random access in User mode. Only in
SuperVisor mode or Emulation mode the register file enables write access. In this interruption, a system
interrupt INT #5 was defined, which switches in SuperVisor mode (SV bit remains set during the execution
of the INT #5-ISR). Except debugger interrupts by the emulator and NMI the SuperVisor ISR is not
interruptible.
Exceptions caused by the memory protection and the break unit for debugging are separated. In that way
the memory protection functionality can be debugged itself.
359
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.2.6
Break Factors
This section describes the relation between the break factor and the interruption vector.
Summary of the internal break factors and the executed events:
Break on instruction address → Causes Instruction Break
Break on operand address → Causes Operand Break
Break on data value → Causes Operand Break
Resource Interrupt (BREAK) → Causes Tool NMI
Step Trace Trap → Causes Step Trace Trap
Execution of the INTE instr. → Causes INTE
Execution of INT #5 → CPU SuperVisor Mode
Memory protection exception → Causes MPUPV Trap
Table 13.2-8 Interrupt Numbers and Interrupt Vectors of Break Factors
Interrupt number
Interrupt
Interrupt level
Interrupt vector
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Setting
Register
Register
address
Offset
Default Vector
address
CPU supervisor mode
(INT #5 instruction)
5
05
-
-
3E8H
000FFFE8H
Memory protection
exception
6
06
-
-
3E4H
000FFFE4H
INTE instruction
9
09
-
-
3D8H
000FFFD8H
Instruction break
exception
10
0A
-
-
3D4H
000FFFD4H
Operand break
exception
11
0B
-
-
3D0H
000FFFD0H
Step trace trap
12
0C
-
-
3CCH
000FFFCCH
NMI interrupt (tool)
13
0D
-
-
3C8H
000FFFC8H
360
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.3
EDSU Registers
This section describes the bit configuration and functions of the EDSU registers.
Table 13.3-1 Lists of EDSU Registers (1 / 3)
Register
Address
Block
+0
+1
+2
F000H
BCTRL [R/W]
-------- -------- 11111100 00000000
F004H
BSTAT [R/W0]*
-------- -----000 00000000 10--0000
F008H
BIAC [R]
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
F00CH
BOAC [R]
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
F010H
BIRQ [R/W]
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
F014H to F01FH
reserved
-
F020H
BCR0 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F024H
BCR1 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F028H
BCR2 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F02CH
BCR3 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F030H
BCR4 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F034H
BCR5 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F038H
BCR6 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F03CH
BCR7 [R/W]
-------- 00000000 00000000 00000000
F040H to F07FH
+3
EDSU
reserved
-
361
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
Table 13.3-1 Lists of EDSU Registers (2 / 3)
Register
Address
Block
+0
+1
+2
+3
F080H
BAD0 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F084H
BAD1 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F088H
BAD2 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F08CH
BAD3 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F090H
BAD4 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F094H
BAD5 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F098H
BAD6 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F09CH
BAD7 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0A0H
BAD8 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0A4H
BAD9 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0A8H
BAD10 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0ACH
BAD11 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0B0H
BAD12 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0B4H
BAD13 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0B8H
BAD14 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0BCH
BAD15 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
362
EDSU
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
Table 13.3-1 Lists of EDSU Registers (3 / 3)
Register
Address
Block
+0
+1
+2
+3
F0C0H
BAD16 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0C4H
BAD17 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0C8H
BAD18 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0CCH
BAD19 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0D0H
BAD20 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0D4H
BAD21 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0D8H
BAD22 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0DCH
BAD23 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0E0H
BAD24 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0E4H
BAD25 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0E8H
BAD26 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0ECH
BAD27 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0F0H
BAD28 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0F4H
BAD29 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0F8H
BAD30 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
F0FCH
BAD31 [R/W]
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
EDSU
*: Read returns "1". For write only "0" (clear) is supported.
Note:
Read and write access to all registers is byte, halfword and word.
363
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.3.1
EDSU Control Register (BCTRL)
This section describes the bit configuration and functions of the EDSU control register
(BCTRL).
Figure 13.3-1 Bit Configuration of EDSU Control Register (BCTRL)
EDSU Control Register byte 2
bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
SR
SW
SX
UR
UW
UX
FCPU
FDMA
Address: F002H
Read/write → (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
Initial value →
bit
EDSU Control Register byte 3
Address: F003H
Read/write →
Initial value →
7
6
EEMM
PFD
5
4
SINT1 SINT0
3
2
−
EINT0
1
0
EINTT EINTR
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
The default permission register defines the lowest priority access permissions for the whole memory and I/O
address range of the MCU. Lowest priority means, that the access take effect for all address regions, which
are NOT covered by any dedicated channel configuration, operating in MPU mode. Read, write and
execute permissions could be defined for the super visor mode (SV=1) and the normal user mode (SV=0).
The super visor mode (SV) is indicated by bit 6 of the CCR in the program status word of the CPU. After
the INIT condition all permissions are set (access allowed).
[bit15] SR: Super visor Read permission register
0
Super visor is not permitted to read data
1
Super visor is permitted to read data (Initial value)
[bit14] SW: Super visor Write permission register
0
Super visor is not permitted to write data
1
Super visor is permitted to write data (Initial value)
[bit13] SX: Super visor eXecute permission register
364
0
Super visor is not permitted to execute code
1
Super visor is permitted to execute code (Initial value)
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit12] UR: User Read permission register
0
User is not permitted to read data
1
User is permitted to read data (Initial value)
[bit11] UW: User Write permission register
0
User is not permitted to write data
1
User is permitted to write data (Initial value)
[bit10] UX: User eXecute permission register
0
User is not permitted to execute code
1
User is permitted to execute code (Initial value)
CPU and DMA Filter Option Register
[bit9] FCPU: Filter CPU access
0
Trigger on CPU accesses (Initial value)
1
Do not trigger on CPU accesses
FCPU controls the filter operation for CPU accesses triggered by operand compare channels (Operand
address break, data value break and memory data protection).
If FCPU is set to "1", all CPU accesses are masked out. If set to "0" CPU accesses can cause break
function.
[bit8] FDMA: Filter DMA access
0
Trigger on DMA accesses (Initial value)
1
Do not trigger on DMA accesses
FDMA controls the filter operation for DMA accesses triggered by operand compare channels (Operand
address break, data value break and memory data protection).
If FDMA is set to "1", all DMA accesses are masked out. If set to "0" DMA accesses can cause break
function.
Note:
Only DMA accesses over D-bus were detected. The operands for DMA trigger condition have to be
located in the D-bus address area. Otherwise the DMA transfer could not be recognized by the
EDSU. This function was mainly intended to disable the trigger on DMA accesses (filter out the
operand change condition by DMA).
365
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit7] EEMM: Enable Emulation Mode
0
Disable emulation mode (Initial value)
1
Enable emulation mode
If EEMM is set to "1" then the emulation mode is entered during Step Trace Mode and EDSU
exceptions Instruction Break, Operand Break and Tool NMI. During emulation mode the Watchdog
Timer (WDT) is disabled. EDSU triggered
emulation mode is left with the RETI instruction.
Set to "0" disables emulation mode function. The WDT is not stopped during Step Trace and EDSU
exceptions.
[bit6] PFD: Phantom Filter Disable
0
Instruction break detection uses phantom filter (Initial value)
1
Phantome Filter disabled
The initial value (PFD = 0) is used to filter out any apparent interrupts or wrong bits.
• The instruction fetched, after RETI was executed, is normally the instruction on which the break point
was set. Fetch is repeated after processing the breakpoint handler ISR before executing the instruction at
the break point. The filter avoids that the trigger of the break condition will be repeated.
• Not granted Instruction Break exceptions are timed out
- Pre-fetched, but not executed commands
- Commands after delayed slot instruction
• Consecutive break conditions which are pre-fetched are not allowed to set flags. Only the instruction at
which the break condition occurs at first time can set status bits accordingly.
• Nested Instruction breaks are not allowed (break within the break handler ISR)
[bit5, bit4] SINT[1:0]: Select resource INTerrupt source
SINT[1:0]
MB91461
Resource
00
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 0 selected (default)
UART0 RX / UART0 TX
01
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 1 selected
UART1 RX / UART1 TX
10
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 2 selected
UART08 RX / TX
11
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 3 selected
CAN0 / CAN1
SINT[1:0]
MB91F467R
Resource
00
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 0 selected (default)
UART00 RX / TX
01
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 1 selected
UART01 RX / TX
10
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 2 selected
UART02 RX / TX
11
Tool NMI by interrupt on source 3 selected
CAN0 / CAN1
SINT1 and SINT0 select the active resource interrupt source.
366
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit2] EINT0: Enable extended INTerrupt 0
0
Disable extended interrupt source 0 (Initial value)
1
Enable extended interrupt source 0
If EINT0 is set to "1" then a Tool NMI will be generated on an extended interrupt event at source
channel 0. Set to "0" disables this function.
Note:
EINT1 and EINT0 can be used for indicating a signal line event which can be used for generating a
BREAK
function. The sources of these interrupts are hardwired in the MCU and can be for example: external
interrupt ports, general purpose I/O port pins, other resources, etc. This has to be defined in the
device specification.
[bit1] EINTT: Enable INTerrupt on Transmit
0
Disable transmit interrupt source channels 0 to 3 (Initial value)
1
Enable transmit interrupt source channels 0 to 3
If EINTT is set to "1" then a Tool NMI will be generated on a transmit interrupt event at source
channels 0 to 3 set by TXINT[1:0]. Setting EINTT to "0" disables this function.
Note:
If SINT[1:0] is set to "11B" this bit enables the interrupt of CAN channel 1 (CAN has one interrupt
request for both reception and transmission).
[bit0] EINTR: Enable INTerrupt on Receive
0
Disable receive interrupt source channels 0 to 3 (Initial value)
1
Enable receive interrupt source channels 0 to 3
If EINTR is set to "1" then a Tool NMI will be generated on a receive interrupt event at source channels
0 to 3 set by RXINT[1:0]. Setting EINTR to "0" disables this function.
Note:
If SINT[1:0] is set to "11B" this bit enables the interrupt of CAN channel 0 (CAN has one interrupt
request for both reception and transmission).
367
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.3.2
EDSU Status Register (BSTAT)
This section describes the bit configuration and functions of the EDSU status register
(BSTAT).
Figure 13.3-2 Bit Configuration of EDSU Status Register (BSTAT)
EDSU Status Register byte 2
bit
Address: F006H
Read/write →
Initial value →
bit
EDSU Status Register byte 3
Address: F007H
Read/write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
IDX4
IDX3
IDX2
IDX1
IDX0
CDMA
CSZ1
CSZ0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PV
RST
INT1
INT0
INTT
INTR
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CRW1 CRW0
(R )
(0)
(R )
(0)
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
[bit15 to bit11] IDX[4:0]: Channel Index Indication of MPUPV Trigger
In the case of triggering a memory protection violation (MPUPV), the index of the channel pair 0 to 15
is saved in The IDX register, which caused the trigger. The channel pairs are normally used as range
comparators.
If no MPU channel has detected a hit on its address range, the default permissions apply. If the default
permissions are violated, IDX is set to the value 16 (overrun). If the permissions of a matching MPU
channel are violated, IDX shows the index of the appropriate break detection bits BIRQ_BD[31:0].
The break detection bits belonging to this comparator are BD[2 x IDX] and BD[2 x IDX+1].
In case of multiple range hits and/or trigger conditions, the channel with the highest priority trigger
condition is indicated by IDX[4:0]. The priority raises with the channel index.
IDX
0XXXXB
10000B
Description
Points to the channel number of the last protection violation
The last protection violation was caused by the violation of the default permissions
The channel index indication register is read only.
[bit10] CDMA: Capture DMA Indication
368
0
The operand access was executed by the CPU
1
The operand access was executed by the DMA controller
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit9, bit8] CSZ[1:0]: - Capture Operand Size
00
The operand has a bit size of 8
01
The operand has a bit size of 16
10
The operand has a bit size of 32
11
Reserved
[bit7, bit6] CRW[1:0]: Capture Operand Access Type
00
The operand has been read
01
The operand has been read by read-modify-write (RMW) instruction
10
The operand has been written
11
no operand access
[bit5] PV: Protection Violation Detection
0
There was no protection violation on read, write and execute permissions
1
A protection violation (MPUPV) has been occurred
If PV is set "1" after a protection violation, a MPUPV trap is indicated to the CPU. The occurrence of a
protection violation means, that there was a read or write access to a defined address region, which was
not permitted or instruction was executed without execute permissions for this address region. As
consequence the CPU switches to super visor mode (SV=1) and calls the handler routine for interrupt
number #6 (see Table 13.2-8 ).
This bit should be cleared by writing "0" in the MPUPV trap handler routine.
[bit4] RST: Operation Initialization Reset (RST) Detection
The reset operation of FR family is divided into two levels, setting initialization reset (INIT) and
operation initialization reset (RST). When INIT occurs, RST occurs at the same time implicitly.
0
Operation Reset was not triggered since last BSTAT read or clear
1
Operation Reset was triggered since last BSTAT read or clear
The RST bit is read only, any write access to this bit will be ignored. RST is cleared after BSTAT is
read (read from any byte address within the 32 bit word). RST has same behavior for read and readmodify-write (RMW) instruction.
The RST bit can be used for reset detection. It is set in any case of operation initialization reset is
triggered. Debug monitor software can use this to detect if the communication device to the debugger
front end needs to be re-configured after an operation reset. This is important for debugging of boot
procedures and soft reset handling. After reading the EDSU status word the RST bit is cleared
automatically.
369
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit3] INT1: INTerrupt of extended source 1
0
Interrupt on extended source channel 1 not detected (Initial value)
1
Interrupt on extended source channel 1 detected
INT1 reflects the status of the extended interrupt source channel 1. It is set to "1" if a high level on the
extended interrupt signal line has been occurred. This setting is stored until cleared by software.
Writing "0" resets the INT1 bit to "0". Writing "1" to this bit is ignored. On a read-modify-write
(RMW) instruction INT1 is read as "1".
[bit2] INT0: INTerrupt of extended source 0
0
Interrupt on extended source channel 0 not detected (Initial value)
1
Interrupt on extended source channel 0 detected
INT0 reflects the status of the extended interrupt source channel 0. It is set to "1" if a high level on the
extended interrupt signal line has been occurred. This setting is stored until cleared by software.
Writing "0" resets the INT0 bit to "0". Writing "1" to this bit is ignored. On a read-modify-write
(RMW) instruction INT0 is read as "1".
[bit1] INTT: INTerrupt of Transmit source
0
Interrupt on transmit source not detected (Initial value)
1
Interrupt on transmit source channel detected
INTT reflects the status of the transmit interrupt source channels 0 to 3 (can be selected by
TXINT[1:0]). It is set to "1" on a high level on the transmit interrupt signal line and "0" on a low level
on the signal line.
This bit is read-only. It can be set to "0" by clearing the appropriate interrupt bit in the selected
resource.
Note:
If SINT[1:0] is set to "11B" this bit indicates the interrupt of CAN channel 1 (CAN has one interrupt
request for both reception and transmission).
370
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit0] INTR: INTerrupt of Receive source
0
Interrupt on receive source not detected (Initial value)
1
Interrupt on receive source channel detected
INTR reflects the status of the receive interrupt source channels 0 to 3 (can be selected by RXINT[1:0]).
It is set to "1" on a high level on the receive interrupt signal line and "0" on a low level on the signal
line.
This bit is read-only. It can be set to "0" by clearing the appropriate interrupt bit in the selected
resource.
Note:
If SINT[1:0] is set to "11B" this bit indicates the interrupt of CAN channel 1 (CAN has one interrupt
request for both reception and transmission).
371
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.3.3
EDSU Break Detection Interrupt Request Register (BIRQ)
This section describes the bit configuration and functions of the EDSU break detection
interrupt request register (BIRQ).
This register collects all break detection bits of all channels, regardless of the type configuration of each
channel. The implementation consists of 8 groups of channels, that are 32 single point channels totally.
Each group of channels consists of 4 channels and 4 bits for break detection in the BIRQ register. Each
group has two comparator pairs. Each pair consists of two point comparators which could build a range
comparator by setting the range enable bit. Such a range comparator pair is connected to the instruction
address, operand address or the data value information - selected by the comparator type configuration.
For detection of combined operand address and data value breaks two of such comparator pairs are
combined together. Than the break detection (BD) bits are set only if both conditions are matching
simultaneously.
[bit31:0] BD[31:0]: Break Detection register
0
Break factor not detected (Initial value)
1
Break factor detected on channel according the bit position [31:0]
BD[31:0] reflects the status of the break detection. It is set to "1" at match with BAD31 to BAD0
accordingly (and if the mask condition is satisfied, if enabled by EM1/EM0). For bit pairs [31:30],
[29:28], ..., [1:0] range matches could apply, if the range function using two points is enabled by ER1/
ER0.
Break factors could be
• instruction address break
• operand address break
• data value break
• combined operand address and data value break
• memory protection violation
Writing "0" resets the BD[31:0] bits to "0". Writing "1" to these bits is ignored. On a read-modify-write
(RMW) instruction all BD bits are read as "1".
BD1/BD0 setting at enabled address range function (also valid for the other pairs of BD bits in
neighbourhood):
372
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
If the operand address range function is enabled with ER0 in addition to the point enables EP1 and EP0,
then the BD1 and BD0 detection bits are set in the following manner:
Table 13.3-2 BD Coding for Match on Start/Endpoint or Range
BD1
BD0
Compare value: Instruction, Operand Address, Data Value
0
0
No match (Initial value)
0
1
Match on point (compare value == BAD0)
1
0
Match on point (compare value == BAD1)
1
1
Match on range (BAD0 < compare value < BAD1)
373
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.3.4
EDSU Channel Configuration Register (BCR0 to BCR7)
This section describes the bit configuration and functions of the EDSU channel
configuration register (BCR0 to BCR7).
Figure 13.3-3 Bit Configuration of EDSU Channel Configuration Register (BCR0 to BCR7)
EDSU Ch. Config Register 0, byte 0
bit
Address: F020H
Read/write →
Initial value →
EDSU Ch. Config Register 0, byte 1
bit
Address: F021H
Read/write →
Initial value →
EDSU Ch. Config Register 0, byte 2
bit
Address: F022H
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-)
(X)
(-)
(X)
(-)
(X)
(-)
(X)
(-)
(X)
(-)
(X)
(-)
(X)
(-)
(X)
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SRX1
SW1
SRX0
SW0
URX1
UW1
URX0
UW0
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
MPE
COMB
CTC1
CTC0
OBS1
OBS0
OBT1
OBT0
Read/write → (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Initial value → (0)
EDSU Ch. Config Register 0, byte 3
bit
Address: F023H
Read/write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EP3
EP2
EP1
EP0
EM1
EM0
ER1
ER0
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
For each group of four channels channel configuration register (BCR0 to BCR7) is implemented. The
following table shows the channel configuration, break point address/data registers and break detection bits
belong together.
Table 13.3-3 Relationship of BCR, BAD and BIRQ Registers (1 / 2)
Group Config
BCR0
374
Address/Data
BADx Usage
Point
BAD0
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD1
Point1
EP1
BAD2
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD3
Point3
EP3
Mask
Combination
EM0
range 0
ER0
EM1
range 1
ER1
BIRQ
OA0
BD0
OA1
BD1
DT0
BD2
DT1
BD3
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
Table 13.3-3 Relationship of BCR, BAD and BIRQ Registers (2 / 2)
Group Config
BCR1
BCR2
BCR3
BCR4
BCR5
BCR6
BCR7
Address/Data
BADx Usage
Point
BAD4
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD5
Point1
EP1
BAD6
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD7
Point3
EP3
BAD8
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD9
Point1
EP1
BAD10
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD11
Point3
EP3
BAD12
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD13
Point1
EP1
BAD14
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD15
Point3
EP3
BAD16
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD17
Point1
EP1
BAD18
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD19
Point3
EP3
BAD20
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD21
Point1
EP1
BAD22
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD23
Point3
EP3
BAD24
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD25
Point1
EP1
BAD26
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD27
Point3
EP3
BAD28
Point0, Mask0
EP0
BAD29
Point1
EP1
BAD30
Point2, Mask1
EP2
BAD31
Point3
EP3
Mask
Combination
BIRQ
OA0
BD4
OA1
BD5
range 1
ER1
DT0
BD6
DT1
BD7
EM0
range 0
ER0
OA0
BD8
OA1
BD9
EM1
range 1
ER1
DT0
BD10
DT1
BD11
EM0
range 0
ER0
OA0
BD12
OA1
BD13
EM1
range 1
ER1
DT0
BD14
DT1
BD15
EM0
range 0
ER0
OA0
BD16
OA1
BD17
EM1
range 1
ER1
DT0
BD18
DT1
BD19
EM0
range 0
ER0
OA0
BD20
OA1
BD21
EM1
range 1
ER1
DT0
BD22
DT1
BD23
EM0
range 0
ER0
OA0
BD24
OA1
BD25
EM1
range 1
ER1
DT0
BD26
DT1
BD27
EM0
range 0
ER0
OA0
BD28
OA1
BD29
EM1
range 1
ER1
DT0
BD30
DT1
BD31
EM0
range 0
ER0
EM1
375
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
The permission definition registers are valid only for the group of channels operating in MPU mode. This is
the case if MPE is set to "1". If the group does not operate in MPU mode, the permission configuration is
not required (don’t care).
Normally MPU channels operate in range mode for the address definitions.
The type of the permission, which could be set-up, depends on the comparator type configuration (CTC)
for each comparator pair. MPU channels could be configured either to check instruction addresses (IA) or
operand addresses (OA). IA ranges could be used to define execute permissions. OA ranges could be used
to define read and write permissions.
The comparator type for MPU usage could be set to
• CTC=0: both IA ranges define execute permissions
• CTC=1: both OA ranges define read/write permissions
• CTC=2: IA range 0 defines execute permissions and OA range 1 defines read/write permissions.
Data value (DT) detection by setting CTC=3 is not possible to use in MPU mode.
Permission configurations exist for read, write and execute for two CPU modes, the super visor mode and
the user mode. Super visor permissions are valid for SV=1 and user permissions are set by SV=0.
[bit23] SRX1: Super visor Read/eXecute permission register for range 1
Setting valid for CTC = 0 (Instruction address range comparator):
0
Super visor has no execute permission on address range 1 (Initial value)
1
Super visor has execute permission on address range 1
Setting valid for CTC = 1 or CTC = 2 (Operand address range comparator):
0
Super visor has no read permission on address range 1 (Initial value)
1
Super visor has read permission on address range 1
[bit22] SW1: Super visor Write permission register for range 1
Setting valid for CTC = 1 or CTC = 2 (Operand address range comparator):
0
Super visor has no write permission on address range 1 (Initial value)
1
Super visor has write permission on address range 1
[bit21] SRX0: Super visor Read/eXecute permission register for range 0
Setting valid for CTC = 0 or CTC = 2 (Instruction address range comparator):
0
Super visor has no execute permission on address range 0 (Initial value)
1
Super visor has execute permission on address range 0
Setting valid for CTC = 1 (Operand address range comparator):
376
0
Super visor has no read permission on address range 0 (Initial value)
1
Super visor has read permission on address range 0
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit20] SW1: Super visor Write permission register for range 0
Setting valid for CTC = 1 (Operand address range comparator):
0
Super visor has no write permission on address range 0 (Initial value)
1
Super visor has write permission on address range 0
[bit19] URX1: User Read/eXecute permission register for range 1
Setting valid for CTC = 0 (Instruction address range comparator):
0
User has no execute permission on address range 1 (Initial value)
1
User has execute permission on address range 1
Setting valid for CTC = 1 or CTC = 2 (Operand address range comparator):
0
User has no read permission on address range 1 (Initial value)
1
User has read permission on address range 1
[bit18] UW1: User Write permission register for range 1
Setting valid for CTC = 1 or CTC = 2 (Operand address range comparator):
0
User has no write permission on address range 1 (Initial value)
1
User has write permission on address range 1
[bit17] URX0: User Read/eXecute permission register for range 0
Setting valid for CTC = 0 or CTC = 2 (Instruction address range comparator):
0
User has no execute permission on address range 0 (Initial value)
1
User has execute permission on address range 0
Setting valid for CTC = 1 (Operand address range comparator):
0
User has no read permission on address range 0 (Initial value)
1
User has read permission on address range 0
[bit16] UW1: User Write permission register for range 0
Setting valid for CTC = 1 (Operand address range comparator):
0
User has no write permission on address range 0 (Initial value)
1
User has write permission on address range 0
377
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit15] MPE: Memory Protection Enable
0
The group of channels operates as a debug interface and defines break points (Initial value)
1
The group of channels operates in the memory protection mode
Some restrictions apply with the setting of the MPE bit.
MPE=0 (break unit):
permission registers are don’t care (BCRx bits [23:16])
MPE=1 (memory protection unit):
OBS and OBT should be set to "11B" (BCRx bits [11:8], any size and any type)
CTC should not be set to "11B" (BCRx bits [13:12], data value check not supported in this mode)
[bit14] COMB: Channel Combination Enable
0
No combination between channels (Initial value)
1
Combination between channels is effective
Depending on the MPE configuration bit the COMB feature has different meaning.
(A) COMB=1 and MPE=0 (break unit, combined operand address and data value break):
The break detection conditions are combined before setting the BIRQ_BD bits and signalizing an
operand break condition. Setting the COMB bit is required for defining a data value break on a specific
operand address. If the COMB bit is set to "1", both conditions, matching operand address (OA) and
matching data value (DT), are required to be true. Setting the COMB bit makes only sense in the OA/
DT mode, defined by CTC=11B.
The AND-combination is effective between channels 3 (OA1) and 1 (DT1) and between channels 2
(OA0) and 0 (DT0). It is assumed that no range operation is defined (ER1=ER0=0).
BIRQ_BD3 = BIRQ_BD1 = BD3 && BD1;
BIRQ_BD2 = BIRQ_BD0 = BD2 && BD0;
If channels 3 and 2 define an operand address range (OA1:OA0) by setting ER1=1 and/or channels 1
and 0 define a data value range (DT1:DT0) by setting ER0=1, the break detection bits of each channel
are AND-combined with the ORed channels of the opposite range comparator break detection outputs.
BIRQ_BD3 = BD3 && (BD1 || BD0);
BIRQ_BD2 = BD2 && (BD1 || BD0);
BIRQ_BD1 = BD1 && (BD3 || BD2);
BIRQ_BD0 = BD0 && (BD3 || BD2);
This offers the same interpretation of the BIRQ break reduction bits (see Table 13.3-2 for coding of
match on start point, range or end point) as it would be the case for range detection with COMB=0.
BD3 and BD2 hold the coding for the operand address (OA) match, whereas BD1 and BD0 hold the
coding for the data value (DT) match. The COMB bit set to "1" ensures that both conditions, the OA
match and the DT match must be true to set the appropriate BD bit in the end.
If the COMB bit is set to "0" all break detection bits are passed to the BIRQ register in it’s original
form. The comparator channels match conditions are independent from each other.
378
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
(B) COMB=1 and MPE=1 (memory protection unit, combined read/write/execute permissions on single
range):
In memory protection mode the COMB bit has the meaning of combined data read/write and code
execute permissions, set for the same address range. The setting is only meaningful for the combination
of operand address (OA) comparators on channels 3 and 2 and instruction address (IA) comparators on
channels 1 and 2 in the mode CTC=2.
The COMB bit set to "1" causes the IA comparator CMP0 to use the same BADx point definitions as
the OA comparator CMP1. Point 3 and Point 2 define the address range for both comparators CMP0
and CMP1. This has the effect that the entry of Point 0/Mask 0 is not allocated for the Point set-up and
could be used for masking either one or both comparators. The Point 1 entry is not usable in this case.
If the COMB bit is set to "0" both comparators have independent address configurations. The
comparators can either define read/write permissions for data protection or define execute permissions
for code protection. Each comparator can define an address region by a range between two points
(ER=1) or by one point with a mask (EM=1).
[bit13, bit12] CTC[1:0]: Comparator Type Config
CTC
CMP1
CMP0
Break Function
MPU Function
00B
IA
IA
4 instruction break points
2 regions for code protection
(Execution permissions)
01B
OA
OA
4 operand break points
2 regions for data protection
(Read/write permissions)
10B
OA
IA
2 instruction break points
+
2 operand break points
1 region for code protection (Execution
permissions) and
1 region for data protection (Read/write
permissions) or
1 region for combined code and data
protection (Read/write/execution
permissions)
11B
OA
DT
2 operand break points +
2 data value breaks,
normally with combination
not applicable
Each channel contains 2 range comparator blocks. Each comparator block can detect a range hit
between two points or two independent point hits. The point configuration is stored in dedicated BADx
registers for each channel (4 BADx registers for each group of channels).
The comparator type configuration (CTC) controls the input multiplexing of the compare value for each
of the two range comparator blocks CMP1 and CMP0. CMP1 combines the break detection channels 3
and 2. The compare value for CMP1 can be assigned either to the instruction address (IA) or to the
operand address (OA). CMP0 combines the break detection channels 1 and 0. The compare value for
CMP0 can be assigned to the instruction address (IA), to the operand address (OA) or to the data value
(DT). The table above defines the input compare values for CMP1 and CMP0, depending on the CTC
setting.
In addition a mask for each comparator block could be defined. In this case the BADx register, which
contains the mask information, is not available for the point configuration. Thus the usage of the mask
feature restricts the number of points or channels, which are available in total.
379
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit11 to bit8] OBS[1:0], OBT[1:0]: Operand Break Size / Operand Break Type register 1
OBS1
OBS0
0
0
0
Data size
OBT1
OBT0
Access type
Byte (Initial value)
0
0
Read (Initial value)
1
Halfword
0
1
Read-modify-write (RMW)
instruction
1
0
Word
1
0
Write
1
1
All (Byte, Hword, Word)
1
1
All (Read, RMW, Write)
The operand break size register OBS configures the datasize and the operand break type register OBT
configures the access type if the channel is configured to operand address break or data value break
detection.
Setting to "11B" in datasize will cause detection of byte, halfword and word data sizes. Setting to "11B"
in access type will cause detection of Read, Read-modify-write (RMW) instruction and Write access
types.
[bit7] EP3: Enable break Point 3 register
0
Break point 3 register is disabled (Initial value)
1
Break point 3 register is enabled
If EP3 is enabled then the input value of CMP1 will be compared with the point 3 register content
(BAD index = 3+group offset, BAD3 for group 0 channel 3, BAD7 for group 1 channel 3, ...).
The input value and the point value is masked if the mask function is enabled by EM1. On a compare
match a break exception will be executed. CTC and MPE control the selection of the input value and
the type of the break exception.
[bit6] EP2: Enable break Point 2 register
0
Break point 2 register is disabled (Initial value)
1
Break point 2 register is enabled
If EP2 is enabled then the input value of CMP1 will be compared with the point 2 register content
(BAD index = 2+group offset, BAD2 for group 0 channel 2, BAD6 for group 1 channel 2, ...).
The input value and the point value is masked if the mask function is enabled by EM1. On a compare
match a break exception will be executed. CTC and MPE control the selection of the input value and
the type of the break exception.
EP2 controls in addition to enabling and allocating point 2 the selection of the mask register. Point 2 is
also the initial value setting address for storing the CMP1 mask value. But, if point 2 is enabled, the
mask could not be stored there and the mask input of CMP1 switches to point 0 (to the opposite
comparator).
380
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit5] EP1: Enable break Point 1 register
0
Break point 1 register is disabled (Initial value)
1
Break point 1 register is enabled
If EP1 is enabled then the input value of CMP0 will be compared with the point 1 register content
(BAD index = 1+group offset, BAD1 for group 0 channel 1, BAD5 for group 1 channel 1, ...).
The input value and the point value is masked if the mask function is enabled by EM0. On a compare
match a break exception will be executed. CTC and MPE control the selection of the input value and
the type of the break exception.
[bit4] EP0: Enable break Point 0 register
0
Break point 0 register is disabled (Initial value)
1
Break point 0 register is enabled
If EP0 is enabled then the input value of CMP0 will be compared with the point 0 register content
(BAD index = 0+group offset, BAD0 for group 0 channel 0, BAD4 for group 1 channel 0, ...).
The input value and the point value is masked if the mask function is enabled by EM0. On a compare
match a break exception will be executed. CTC and MPE control the selection of the input value and
the type of the break exception.
EP0 controls in addition to enabling and allocating point 0 the selection of the mask register. Point 0 is
also the initial value setting address for storing the CMP0 mask value. But, if point 0 is enabled, the
mask could not be stored there and the mask input of CMP0 switches to point 2 (to the opposite
comparator).
If memory protection is enabled (MPE=1) in conjunction with the combination bit set (COMB=1), the
address range is defined by point 3 and point 2 and is valid for both comparators COMB1 and COMB0.
So the points 1 and 0 are not required for the range definition of CMP0, independent from the point
enable EP0 and EP1, which normally are set in this case. Thus point 0 could be used for storing the
mask value for both comparators CMP1 and CMP0 and the exception described in the paragraph above
did not apply for this case.
[bit3] EM1: Enable Mask for CMP1
0
Mask function for CMP1 is disabled (Initial value)
1
Mask function for CMP1 is enabled
If EM1 is enabled the comparator CMP1 matches only these bit positions, which are set to "0" and are
not masked by the mask register. All inputs for points and the compare value itself are OR-combined
with the value from the mask register. The compare operations point match or range detection are
derived based on these OR-masked values.
The selection of the appropriate BADx register (point 2 or 0) for the mask value depends on EP2 and
ER1. If at least one of both bits are enabled, the mask usage switches to point 0 due to the allocation of
point 2. Otherwise the default mask stored in point 2 applies for CMP1.
381
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
[bit2] EM0: Enable Mask for CMP0
0
Mask function for CMP0 is disabled (Initial value)
1
Mask function for CMP0 is enabled
If EM0 is enabled the comparator CMP0 matches only these bit positions, which are set to "0" and are
not masked by the mask register. All inputs for points and the compare value itself are OR-combined
with the value from the mask register. The compare operations point match or range detection are
derived based on these OR-masked values.
The selection of the appropriate BADx register (point 0 or 2) for the mask value depends on EP0 and
ER0. If at least one of both bits are enabled, the mask usage switches to point 2 due to the allocation of
point 0. Otherwise the default mask stored in point 0 applies for CMP0. If MPE=1 and COMB=1 the
mask is taken from point 0, regardless of the setting of EP0 and ER0.
[bit1] ER1: Enable Range for CMP1
0
Range detection CMP1 (channels 2-3) is disabled (Initial value)
1
Range detection CMP1 (channels 2-3) is enabled
If ER1 is enabled then the registers BADx, point 3 and point 2 will be used for range comparison:
Point 2 <= Compare Value <= Point 3If a mask is set with EM1 then both point registers will be
masked with the mask register content.
Point 3 and Point 2 are taken from BAD[x+3] and BAD[x+2], the mask is stored in Point 0, BAD[x+0].
The "x" is the group offset and calculates by the group index multiplied with 4.
[bit0] ER0: Enable Range for CMP0
0
Range detection CMP0 (channels 0-1) is disabled (Initial value)
1
Range detection CMP0 (channels 0-1) is enabled
If ER0 is enabled then the registers BADx, point 1 and point 0 will be used for range comparison:
Point 0 <= Compare Value <= Point 1.
If a mask is set with EM0 then both point registers will be masked with the mask register content.
In the special case of MPE=1 together with COMB=1, Point 1 and Point 0 are taken from the opposite
channel BAD[x+3] and BAD[x+2] and the mask is stored in Point 0, BAD[x+0]. Otherwise Point 1 and
Point 0 are taken from BAD[x+1] and BAD[x+0], the mask is stored in Point 2, BAD[x+2].
The "x" is the group offset and calculates by the group index multiplied with 4.
382
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.3.5
Break Address/Data Register (BAD0 to BAD31)
This section describes the bit configuration and functions of the break address/data
register (BAD0 to BAD31).
The BADx registers define 32 break point addresses, data values or mask information for the 8 groups of
channels. For each group of channels there are 4 dedicated BAD registers. BAD0, BAD1, BAD2 and
BAD3 belong to Group 0, BAD4, BAD5, BAD6 and BAD7 belong to Group 1 and so on. The functionality
described below for the registers of group 0 is representative for all the other groups too. The index of the
BADx registers has to be incremented by 4 for each of the next group indexes.
● BADn (n = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28)
This register sets the 32 bit comparison value for break point 0 of CMP0. In range mode (set with ER0) the
register value of BAD0 functions as lower address limit. In addition BAD0 could be used as mask register.
In the special case of MPE=1 and COMB=1 BAD0 is not used for the point definition. CMP0 gets its point
configuration then from BAD2.
● BADn (n = 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29)
This register sets the 32 bit comparison value for break point 1 of CMP0. In range mode (set with ER0) the
register value of BAD1 functions as upper address limit.
In the special case of MPE=1 and COMB=1 BAD1 is not used for the point definition. CMP0 gets its point
configuration then from BAD3.
● BADn (n = 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 30)
This register sets the 32 bit comparison value for break point 2 of CMP1. In range mode (set with ER1) the
register value of BAD2 functions as lower address limit. In addition BAD2 could be used as mask register.
● BADn (n = 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31)
This register sets the 32 bit comparison value for break point 3 of CMP1. In range mode (set with ER1) the
register value of BAD3 functions as upper address limit.
383
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
13.4
Quick Reference
Quick Reference and comparator of EDSU register is shown bellow.
384
F0FCH
BAD31
F0F8H
BAD30
F0F4H
BAD29
F0F0H
BAD28
...
F08CH
BAD3
F088H
BAD2
F084H
BAD1
F080H
BAD0
F03CH
BCR7
...
F020H
BCR0
F010H
BIRQ
F00CH
BOAC
F008H
BIAC
16
IDX3
ro
ro
SW
IDX4
SR
15
ro
IDX2
SX
ro
IDX1
UR
UW
point 3
point 2 / mask 1
point 1
point 0 / mask 0
point 3
point 2 / mask 1
point 1
point 0 / mask 0
SRX1 SW1
SRX1 SW1
SRX0 SW0 URX1 UW1 URX0 UW0
SRX0 SW0 URX1 UW1 URX0 UW0
7
ro
ro
0
BD8
ro
MPE COMB CTC1 CTC0 OBS1 OBS0 OBT1 OBT0
CMP1: IA, OA, OA, OA8, 16, 32, alll r, rmw, w, all
CMP0: IA, OA, IA, DT
MPE COMB CTC1 CTC0 OBS1 OBS0 OBT1 OBT0
BD9
ro
EP3
EP3
BD7
ro
EP2
EP2
BD6
ro
EP1
EP1
BD5
PV
EP0
EP0
BD4
ro/ac
RST
EM1
EM1
BD3
INT1
UART0, 1, 2, CAN
EM0
EM0
BD2
INT0
Device select (Rst) (Breakx)
ER1
ER1
BD1
ro
INTT
ER0
ER0
BD0
ro
INTR
FCPU FDMA EEMM PFD SINT1 SINT0 EINT1 EINT0 EINTT EINTR
8
IDX0 CDMA CSZ1 CSZ0 CRW1 CRW0
UW
BD31 BD30 BD29 BD28 BD27 BD26 BD25 BD24 BD23 BD22 BD21 BD20 BD19 BD18 BD17 BD16 BD15 BD14 BD13 BD12 BD11 BD10
ro
ro: read only
23
ac: auto clear
24
F004H
ro
31
BSTAT
F000H
BCTRL
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
Figure 13.4-1 Register Quick Reference
385
CHAPTER 13 MPU / EDSU
Figure 13.4-2 Comparator Group Structure (Drawn for Two Groups)
BCR1
BCR1
OBS1
OBS-Match
BAD7
Point3
BAD6
Point2
IA/OA
BD3
BD7
Mask1
CMP1
BD2
BD6
CTC
IA
OA
Value
BAD5
Point1
BAD4
Point0
IA/OA/DT
BD1
BD5
Mask0
CMP0
BD0
BD4
CTC
IA
OA
DT
Value
BCR0
BCR0
OBS0
OBS-Match
BAD3
Point3
BAD2
Point2
IA/OA
BD3
BD3
Mask1
CMP1
BD2
BD2
CTC
IA
OA
Value
Comparator GROUP 0
386
Point1
BAD0
Point0
IA/OA/DT
BD1
BD1
Mask0
CMP0
BD0
BD0
CTC
IA
OA
DT
BAD1
Value
Break Detection Evaluation
Comparator GROUP 1
CHAPTER 14
REALOS RELATED
HARDWARE
This chapter describes overview, configurations/
functions of registers, and operations of REALOS.
14.1 Delayed Interrupt Module
14.2 Bit Search Module
387
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.1
Delayed Interrupt Module
This section describes the overview of the delayed interrupt module, configuration and
functions of the register, and delayed interrupt module operation.
■ Overview of the Delayed Interrupt Module
The delayed interrupt module is used to generate interrupts for switching tasks.
By using this module, an interrupt request for the CPU can be generated or cancelled from a software
program.
388
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.1.1
Overview of Delayed Interrupt Module
This section describes the register list, details and operation of the delayed interrupt
module.
■ Register List of Delayed Interrupt Module
A register list of the delayed interrupt module is as follows.
Figure 14.1-1 Bit Configuration of Delayed Interrupt Module
bit
Address: 000038H
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
DLYI
[R/W]
DICR
■ Block Diagram of Delayed Interrupt Module
Figure 14.1-2 shows the block diagram of the delayed interrupt module.
Figure 14.1-2 Block Diagram of the Delayed Interrupt Module
R-bus
Interrupt request
DLYI
389
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.1.2
Delayed Interrupt Module Register
This section describes the configuration and functions of the delayed interrupt module
register.
■ DICR (Delayed Interrupt Module Register)
DICR is a register that controls delayed interrupts.
The following shows the bit configuration of the delayed interrupt module register (DICR).
Figure 14.1-3 Bit Configuration of the Delayed Interrupt Module Register (DICR)
bit
Address: 000038H
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
DLYI
[R/W]
-------0B (Initial value)
[bit0] DLYI
Table 14.1-1 DLYI
DLYI
Description
0
Delayed interrupt factor is cancelled. No request exists. [Initial value]
1
Delayed interrupt factor is generated.
This bit controls the generation and cancellation of the corresponding interrupt factors.
390
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.1.3
Operation of the Delayed Interrupt Module
The delayed interrupt is used to generate an interrupt for switching tasks. By using this
function, an interrupt request for the CPU can be generated and cancelled from a
software program.
■ Interrupt Number
The delayed interrupt is assigned to the interrupt factor corresponding to the largest interrupt number.
On MB91461/F467R, the delayed interrupt is assigned to the interrupt number 63 (3FH).
■ DLYI Bit of DICR
Writing "1" to this bit generates a delayed interrupt factor. Writing "0" to it cancels a delayed interrupt
factor.
This bit is the same as the interrupt factor flag for a normal interrupt. Therefore, clear this bit and switch
tasks together in the interrupt routine.
391
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.2
Bit Search Module
This section describes the overview of the bit search module, configuration and
functions of the registers, and bit search module operation.
■ Overview of the Bit Search Module
The bit search module searches for "0", "1", or any changed points in the data written to the input register
and then returns the detected bit locations.
392
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.2.1
Overview of Bit Search Module
This section describes the configuration and functions of the bit search module registers.
■ Register List of Bit Search Module
Figure 14.2-1 shows the register list of the bit search module.
Figure 14.2-1 Bit Configuration of Register List of Bit Search Module
bit 31
0
Address: 0003F0H
BSD0
0-detection data register
Address: 0003F4H
BSD1
1-detection data register
Address: 0003F8H
BSDC
Changed point detection data register
Address: 0003FCH
BSRR
Detection result register
■ Block Diagram of Bit Search Module
Figure 14.2-2 shows the block diagram of the bit search module.
Figure 14.2-2 Block Diagram of the Bit Search Module
D-bus
Input latch
Address decoder
Detection mode
Making data of 1 detection
Bit search circuit
Search result
393
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.2.2
Bit Search Module Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of the bit search module registers.
■ 0-detection Data Register (BSD0)
This register detects 0 in the written value.
Figure 14.2-3 shows the register configuration of the 0-detection data register (BSD0).
Figure 14.2-3 The Register Configuration of the 0-detection Data Register (BSD0)
bit 31
0
000003F0H
→ Write only
→ Undefined
R/W
Initial value
The initial value at a reset is undefined. The read value is undefined.
Use a 32-bit length data transfer instruction for data transfer. (Do not use 8-bit or 16-bit length data transfer
instruction.)
■ 1-detection Data Register (BSD1)
Figure 14.2-4 shows the register configuration of the 1-detectoin data register (BSD1).
Figure 14.2-4 The Register Configuration of the 1-detectoin Data Register (BSD1)
bit 31
0
000003F4H
R/W
Initial value
→ Readable/Writable
→ Undefined
Use a 32-bit length data transfer instruction for data transfer. (Do not use 8-bit or 16-bit length data transfer
instruction.)
• Writing:
"1" is detected in the written value.
• Reading:
Saved data of the internal state in the bit search module is read. This register is used to save and restore
the original state when the bit search module is used by an interrupt handler, etc.
Even if data is written to the 0-detection data register or changed point detection data register, the data
can be saved and restored by using only the 1-detection data register.
The initial value at a reset is undefined.
394
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
■ Changed Point Detection Data Register (BSDC)
A changed point is detected in the written value.
Figure 14.2-5 shows the register configuration of the changed point detection data register (BSDC).
Figure 14.2-5 The Register Configuration of the Changed Point Detection Data Register (BSDC)
bit 31
0
000003F8H
→ Write only
→ Undefined
R/W
Initial value
The initial value at a reset is undefined.
The read value is undefined.
Use a 32-bit length data transfer instruction for data transfer. (Do not use 8-bit or 16-bit length data transfer
instruction.)
■ Detection Result Register (BSRR)
The result of 0 detection, 1 detection, or changed point detection is read.
The data register written last is used to determine which detection result to be read.
Figure 14.2-6 shows the register configuration of the detection result register (BSRR).
Figure 14.2-6 The Register Configuration of the Detection Result Register (BSRR)
bit 31
0
000003FCH
R/W
Initial value
→ Read only
→ Undefined
395
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
14.2.3
Operation of the Bit Search Module
This section explains the operation of the bit search module.
■ 0 Detection
The bit search module scans data written to the 0-detection data register from MSB to LSB and returns the
location where the first "0" is detected.
The detection result can be obtained by reading the detection result register. The relationship between the
detected location and the return value is given in Table 14.2-1.
If a "0" is not found (that is, the value is "FFFFFFFFH"), the value 32 is returned as the search result.
[Execution example]
Write data
Read value (decimal)
11111111111111111111000000000000B ("FFFFF000H") →
20
11111000010010011110000010101010B ("F849E0AAH") →
5
10000000000000101010101010101010B ("8002AAAAH") →
1
11111111111111111111111111111111B ("FFFFFFFFH") →
32
■ 1 Detection
The bit search module scans data written to the 1-detection data register from MSB to LSB and returns the
location where the first "1" is detected.
The detection result can be obtained by reading the detection result register. The relationship between the
detected location and the return value is given in Table 14.2-1.
If a "1" is not found (that is, the value is "00000000H"), the value 32 is returned as the search result.
[Execution example]
Write data
396
Read value (decimal)
00100000000000000000000000000000B ("20000000H")
→
2
00000001001000110100010101100111B ("01234567H")
→
7
00000000000000111111111111111111B ("0003FFFFH")
→
14
00000000000000000000000000000001B ("00000001H")
→
31
00000000000000000000000000000000B ("00000000H")
→
32
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
■ Changed Point Detection
The bit search module scans data written to the changed point detection data register from bit30 to the LSB,
and compares with the MSB value.
The first location where a value that is different from that of the MSB is detected is returned. The detection
result can be obtained by reading the detection result register.
The relationship between the detected location and the return value is given in Table 14.2-1.
If a changed point is not detected, 32 is returned. In changed point detection, 0 is never returned as a result.
[Execution example]
Write data
Read value (decimal)
00100000000000000000000000000000B ("20000000H")
→
2
00000001001000110100010101100111B ("01234567H")
→
7
00000000000000111111111111111111B ("0003FFFFH")
→
14
00000000000000000000000000000001B ("00000001H")
→
31
00000000000000000000000000000000B ("00000000H")
→
32
11111111111111111111000000000000B ("FFFFF000H") →
20
11111000010010011110000010101010B ("F849E0AAH") →
5
10000000000000101010101010101010B ("8002AAAAH") →
1
11111111111111111111111111111111B ("FFFFFFFFH") →
32
Table 14.2-1 lists the bit locations and return values (decimal).
Table 14.2-1 Bit Locations and Return Values (Decimal)
Detected
bit location
Return
value
Detected
bit location
Return
value
Detected
bit location
Return
value
Detected
bit location
Return
value
31
0
23
8
15
16
7
24
30
1
22
9
14
17
6
25
29
2
21
10
13
18
5
26
28
3
20
11
12
19
4
27
27
4
19
12
11
20
3
28
26
5
18
13
10
21
2
29
25
6
17
14
9
22
1
30
24
7
16
15
8
23
0
31
Not exist
32
397
CHAPTER 14 REALOS RELATED HARDWARE
■ Save and Restore Processing
If it is necessary to save and restore the internal state of the bit search module, such as when the bit search
module is used in an interrupt handler, use the following procedure:
1) Read the 1-detection data register and save its contents (save).
2) Use the bit search module.
3) Write the data saved in 1) to the 1-detection data register (restore).
With the above operation, the value obtained when the detection result register is read the next time
corresponds to the value written to the bit search module before 1).
If the data register written last is the 0-detection data register or changed point detection data register, the
value is restored correctly with the above procedure.
398
CHAPTER 15
DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
This chapter describes the overview of the DMAC,
configuration and functions of the registers, and DMAC
operation.
15.1 Overview of DMAC (DMA Controller)
15.2 Detailed Explanation of the DMAC (DMA Controller) Registers
15.3 Explanation of the DMAC (DMA Controller) Operation
15.4 Operational Flow of DMAC (DMA Controller)
15.5 Data Path of DMAC (DMA Controller)
399
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.1
Overview of DMAC (DMA Controller)
DMAC (DMA Controller) is used to implement DMA (Direct Memory Access) transfer in
FR family devices.
By using DMA transfer controlled by DMAC (DMA Controller), various types of data
transfer can be performed at high-speed without using the CPU and so the system
performance is improved.
■ Hardware Configuration of DMAC
The DMAC (DMA Controller) consists of the following main components:
• Five independent DMA channels
• Independent access control circuit for five channels
• 32-bit address register (reload selectable: ch.0 to ch.5)
• 16-bit transfer count register (reload selectable: one per channel)
• 4-bit block count register (one per channel)
• 2-cycle transfer
■ Main Function of DMAC
The following are the main functions related to data transfer by the DMA controller (DMAC):
● Independent data transfer can be performed for multiple channels (5ch)
• Priority (ch.0 > ch.1 > ch.2 > ch.3 > ch.4)
• The priority can be switched between ch.0 and ch.1.
• DMAC activation factor
- Request from built-in peripheral (shares interrupt requests, including the external interrupts)
- Software request (register write)
• Transfer mode
- Burst transfer, step transfer, and block transfer
- Addressing mode: 32-bit addressing
(increment/decrement/fixed: the address increment/decrement range is fixed to ± 1, 2, and 4)
- Data types: Byte, halfword, and word length
- Selectable from single-shot or reload
400
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
■ Overview of the DMAC Registers
Figure 15.1-1 lists the overview of the DMAC registers.
Figure 15.1-1 Overview of DMAC Registers
ch.0 control/status register A
DMACA0
bit 31
000200H
ch.0 control/status register B
DMACB0
000204H
ch.1 control/status register A
DMACA1
000208H
ch.1 control/status register B
DMACB1
00020CH
ch.2 control/status register A
DMACA2
000210H
ch.2 control/status register B
DMACB2
000214H
ch.3 control/status register A
DMACA3
000218H
ch.3 control/status register B
DMACB3
00021CH
ch.4 control/status register A
DMACA4
000220H
ch.4 control/status register B
DMACB4
000224H
All-channel control register
DMACR
000240H
bit 31
DMASA0
001000H
ch.0 transfer destination address setting register DMADA0
001004H
ch.1 transfer source address setting register
DMASA1
001008H
ch.1 transfer destination address setting register DMADA1
00100CH
ch.2 transfer source address setting register
DMASA2
001010H
ch.2 transfer destination address setting register DMADA2
001014H
ch.3 transfer source address setting register
DMASA3
001018H
ch.3 transfer destination address setting register DMADA3
00101CH
ch.4 transfer source address setting register
DMASA4
001020H
ch.4 transfer destination address setting register DMADA4
001024H
ch.0 transfer source address setting register
24
23
16
20
19
15
8
7
0
0
401
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
■ Block Diagram of DMAC
Figure 15.1-2 shows the block diagram of the DMAC.
Figure 15.1-2 Block Diagram of DMAC
Write back
Counter
DMA transfer request
to bus controller
Buffer
Selector
DTC 2-stage register DTCR
DMA
activation factor
select circuit
&
request
reception control
Peripheral activation request/stop input
External pin activation request/stop input
Counter
DSS[3:0]
Priority level
circuit
Buffer
Selector
Write back
IRQ[4:0]
Peripheral interrupt clear
MCLREQ
DDN register
DSAD 2-stage register
SADM,SASZ[7:0]
SADR
DDAD 2-stage register
DADM,DASZ[7:0] DADR
X-bus
TYPE.MOD,WS
Bus control section
Selector
Status
transition
circuit
Write back
Selector
Counter buffer
Counter buffer
Address
402
BLK register
DMA controller
Access
To interrupt controller
ERIE,EDIE
Selector
Read/write
control
DDN
Address counter
To bus
controller
Bus control section
Read
Write
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.2
Detailed Explanation of the DMAC (DMA Controller)
Registers
This section explains details of each register of DMAC.
■ Notes on Setting Registers
Some bits in the DMAC may only be set when the DMA is stopped. If set during operation (transfer),
correct operation cannot be guaranteed.
An asterisk (*) indicates bits that will affect operation if set during DMAC transfer. Rewrite this bit while
DMAC transfer is stopped (in a state where activation is disabled or the transfer is temporarily stopped).
Values set while DMA transfer activation is disabled (DMACR:DMAE=0 or DMACA:DENB=0) become
valid when DMA activation is enabled.
Values set while DMA transfer is temporarily stopped (DMACR:DMAH[3:0] ≠ 0000B or DMACA:
PAUS=1) become valid when the temporary stop is cancelled.
403
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.2.1
DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 Control/Status
Registers A
DMACA0 to DMACA4 are registers that control the operation of each channel of DMAC.
Each register is set independently for each channel.
■ Bit Function of DMACA0 to DMACA4
Figure 15.2-1 shows the bit function of DMACA0 to DMACA4.
Figure 15.2-1 Bit Function of DMACA0 to DMACA4
bit
31
30
29
28
27
DENB PAUS STRG
bit
15
14
13
26
25
24
23
IS [4 : 0]
11
11
10
22
21
20
19
Reserved
9
8
7
6
5
18
17
16
BLK [3 : 0]
4
3
2
1
0
DTC [15 : 0]
(Initial value: 00000000H)
[bit31] DENB (Dma ENaBle): DMA operation enable bit
This bit enables or disables DMA transfer activation for each transfer channel.
Once a channel is enabled, DMA transfer starts when a generated transfer request is accepted. All
transfer requests that are generated for a channel where the activation is disabled become invalid.
When the specified number of transfers on an activated channel has been completed, this bit is set to "0"
and the transfer stops.
The transfer can be forced to stop by writing "0" to this bit. Be sure to stop a transfer forcibly ("0"
write) only after temporarily stopping DMA using the PAUS bit [bit30: DMACA]. If the transfer is
forced to stop without temporarily stopping DMA, DMA stops but the transferred data cannot be
guaranteed. Check whether DMA is stopped using the DSS[2:0] bits (bit18 to bit16: DMACB).
Table 15.2-1 DMA Operation Enable Bit
DENB
Function
0
DMA operation is disabled on the corresponding channel. [Initial value]
1
DMA operation is enabled on the corresponding channel.
• At a reset or when a stop request is accepted: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
If the operation of all channels is disabled by bit31: DMAE bit of the DMAC all-channel control
register DMACR, writing "1" to this bit is disabled and the stopped state is maintained. If the operation
is disabled by the above bit while the operation is enabled by this bit, this bit becomes "0" and the
transfer is stopped (forced stop).
404
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit30] PAUS (PAUSe): Temporary stop instruction
This bit controls temporary stop of DMA transfer for the corresponding channel. If this bit is set, DMA
transfer is not performed until this bit is cleared. (While DMA is stopped, DSS bits become "1XXB").
If this bit is set before DMA activation and then DMA is activated, DMA remains paused.
New transfer requests that occur while this bit is set are accepted, but no transfer starts until this bit is
cleared (See "15.3.10 Transfer Request Acceptance and Transfer").
Table 15.2-2 Temporary Stop Instruction
PAUS
Function
0
DMA operation is enabled on the corresponding channel. [Initial value]
1
DMA operation is temporarily stopped on the corresponding channel.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit29] STRG (Software TRiGger): Transfer request
This bit generates a DMA transfer request for the corresponding channel. Writing "1" to this bit
generates a transfer request after writing to the register is completed, and the transfer on the
corresponding channel is started. However, if the corresponding channel is not activated, writing to this
bit is ignored.
Table 15.2-3 Transfer Request Bit
STRG
Function
0
Invalid [Initial value]
1
DMA activation request
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read value is always "0".
• Only write value "1" is valid, and "0" has no effect on the operation.
Note:
If a transfer request is set by this bit transfer is activated by writing the DMAE bit, the transfer
request is valid and transfer starts. If this bit is written at the same time as the PAUS bit is writing as
"1", the transfer request is valid but DMA transfer does not start until the PAUS bit is cleared to "0".
405
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit28 to bit24] IS4 to IS0 (Input Select)*: Transfer factor selection
These bits select the factor of a transfer request as shown below. However, the software transfer request
triggered by the STRG bit function remains valid regardless of this setting.
Table 15.2-4 Transfer Factor Selection
IS
(Input Source)
Function
Transfer stop
request
00000B
Software transfer request only
00001B
to
01101B
Setting disabled
01110B
External pin (DREQ) "H" level or ↑ edge
01111B
External pin (DREQ) "L" level or ↓ edge
10000B
External interrupt 0
−
10001B
External interrupt 1
−
10010B
External interrupt 2
−
10011B
External interrupt 3
−
10100B
Reload timer 0
−
10101B
Reload timer 1
−
10110B
LIN-UART0 RX (Reception completed)
10111B
LIN-UART0 TX (Transmission completed)
11000B
LIN-UART1 RX (Reception completed)
11001B
LIN-UART1 TX (Transmission completed)
11010B
LIN-UART4 RX (Reception completed)
11011B
LIN-UART4 TX (Transmission completed)
11100B
LIN-UART5 RX (Reception completed)
11101B
LIN-UART5 TX (Transmission completed)
−
11110B
A/D converter
−
11111B
PPG0
−
−
Yes
−
Yes
−
Yes
−
Yes
• At a reset: Initialized to "00000B".
• Read/write is enabled.
If DMA activation by peripheral function interrupt is set (IS=1XXXXB), disable interrupts of the
selected function with the ICR register. When the DMA transfer is activated by the software transfer
request while the DMA activation by the interrupt of the peripheral function is set, the factor is cleared
to the corresponding peripherals after transfer ends. Therefore, since there is a possibility of clearing an
original transfer request, do not start by the software transfer request when the DMA transfer by the
interrupt of the peripheral function is set.
406
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit23 to bit20] Reserved: Reserved bits
Read value is fixed to "0000B". Writing to these bits is invalid.
[bit19 to bit16] BLK3 to BLK0 (BLocK size): Block size specification
These bits specify the size for block transfer for the corresponding channel. The value specified by
these bits becomes the number of words in one transfer unit (more exactly, the repetition count of the
data width setting).
Be sure to set "01H" (size 1) when not performing block transfer.
Table 15.2-5 Block Size Specification
BLK
XXXXB
Function
Block size specified for the corresponding channel
• At a reset: Initialized to "0000B".
• Read/write is enabled.
• If "0" is specified for all bits, the block size becomes 16 words.
• Reading always returns the block size (reload value).
[bit15 to bit00] DTC15 to DTC0 (Dma Terminal Count register)*: Transfer count register
This register stores the number of transfers performed. Each register consists of 16-bit length.
All registers have a dedicated reload register. When using it on channels that allow the transfer count
register to be reloaded, the initial setting value is automatically returned to the register when the transfer
completes.
Table 15.2-6 Transfer Count Register
DTC
XXXXH
Function
Transfer number specified for the corresponding channel
When DMA transfer starts, the data in this register is stored in the counter buffer in the dedicated DMA
transfer counter and the value is counted -1 (decremented) by one after each transfer. When DMA
transfer completes, the value of the counter buffer is written back to this register and the DMA
operation ends. Thus, the transfer number specification value cannot be read during DMA operation.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0000H".
• Read/write is enabled. For DTC access, be sure to use halfword length or word length access.
• Reading the register returns the counter value. The reload value cannot be read.
407
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.2.2
DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 Control/Status
Registers B
DMACB0 to DMACB4 are registers that control the operation of each channel of DMAC.
Each register is set independently for each channel.
■ Bit Function of DMACB0 to DMACB4
Figure 15.2-2 shows the bit function of DMACB0 to DMACB4.
Figure 15.2-2 Bit Function of DMACB0 to DMACB4
bit
31
30
29
28
TYPE [1 : 0] MOD [1 : 0]
bit
15
14
13
11
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
WS [1 : 0] SADM DADM DTCR SADR DADR ERIE EDIE
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
SASZ [7 : 0]
4
3
17
16
DSS [2 : 0]
2
1
0
DASZ [7 : 0]
(Initial value: 00000000_00000000_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXXB)
[bit31, bit30] TYPE1, TYPE0 (TYPE)*: Transfer type setting
These bits specify the operation type of the corresponding channel as described below.
2-cycle transfer mode:
This mode sets the transfer source address (DMASA) and transfer destination address (DMADA) and
performs a transfer by repeating the read operation and write operation for the number of times
specified by the transfer count.
Table 15.2-7 Transfer Type Setting
TYPE
Function
00B
2-cycle transfer [Initial value]
01B
Setting disabled
10B
Setting disabled
11B
Setting disabled
• At a reset: Initialized to "00B".
• Read/write is enabled.
• Always set these bits to "00B".
408
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit29, bit28] MOD1, MOD0 (MODe)*: Transfer mode setting
These bits set the operating mode of the correspondence channel as follows.
Table 15.2-8 Transfer Mode Setting
MOD
Function
00B
Block/step transfer mode [Initial value]
01B
Burst transfer mode
10B
Setting disabled
11B
Setting disabled
• At a reset: Initialized to "00B".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit27, bit26] WS1, WS0 (Word Size): Transfer data width selection
These bits select the transfer data width for the corresponding channel. The specified number of
transfers is performed in units of the data width specified in this register.
Table 15.2-9 Transfer Data Width Selection
WS
Function
00B
BYTE unit transfer [Initial value]
01B
HALF-WORD unit transfer
10B
WORD width unit transfer
11B
Setting disabled
• At a reset: Initialized to "00B".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit25] SADM (Source-ADdr, count-Mode select)*:
Transfer source address count mode specification
This bit specifies the address process for each transfer of the transfer source address for the
corresponding channel.
An address increment is added or an address decrement is subtracted after each transfer operation
according to the specified transfer source address count width (SASZ). When the transfer is completed,
the next access address is written to the corresponding address register (DMASA).
As a result, the transfer source address register is not updated until DMA transfer is completed.
To fix the address, set this bit to "0" or "1", and set the address count widths (SASZ and DASZ) to "0".
Table 15.2-10 Transfer Source Address Count Mode Specification
SADM
Function
0
Transfer source address is incremented. [Initial value]
1
Transfer source address is decremented.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
409
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit24] DADM (Destination-ADdr, Count-Mode select)*:
Transfer destination address count mode specification
This bit specifies the address process for each transfer of the transfer destination address for the
corresponding channel.
An address increment is added or an address decrement is subtracted after each transfer operation
according to the specified transfer destination address count width (DASZ). When the transfer is
completed, the next access address is written to the corresponding address register (DMADA).
As a result, the transfer destination address register is not updated until the DMA transfer is completed.
To fix the address, set this bit to "0" or "1", and set the address count widths (SASZ and DASZ) to "0".
Table 15.2-11 Transfer Destination Address Count Mode Specification
DADM
Function
0
Transfer destination address is incremented. [Initial value]
1
Transfer destination address is decremented.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit23] DTCR (DTC-reg, Reload)*: Transfer count register reload specification
This bit controls the reload function for the transfer count register in the corresponding channel.
If reloading operation is enabled by this bit, the count register value is restored to its initial value after
transfer is completed, then DMAC stops and enters the wait state for a new transfer request (activation
request by STRG or IS setting). (If this bit is "1", DENB bit is not cleared.)
Transfer is forcibly stopped when DENB=0 or DMAE=0 is set.
If reload operation of the transfer counter is disabled, a single-shot operation that stops when transfer is
completed is performed even if reloading is specified in the address register. In this case, the DENB bit
is cleared.
Table 15.2-12 Transfer Count Register Reload Specification
DTCR
Function
0
Transfer count register reloading is disabled. [Initial value]
1
Transfer count register reloading is enabled.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
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CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit22] SADR (Source-ADdr.-reg, Reload)*: Transfer source address register reload specification
This bit controls the reload function for the transfer source address register in the corresponding
channel.
When reloading operation is enabled by this bit, the transfer source address register value is restored to
its initial value after transfer is completed.
If reload operation of the transfer counter is disabled, a single-shot operation that stops when transfer is
completed is performed even if reloading is specified in the address register. In this case, the address
register value stops at a state that the initial value is reloaded.
When this bit disables reloading, the value of the address register when transfer is completed is the next
access address of the last address (that is, if incrementing is specified, the incremented address).
Table 15.2-13 Transfer Source Address Register Reload Specification
SADR
Function
0
Transfer source address register reloading is disabled. [Initial value]
1
Transfer source address register reloading is enabled.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit21] DADR (Dest.-ADdr.-reg, Reload)*: Transfer destination address register reload specification
This bit controls the reload function for the transfer destination address register in the corresponding
channel.
When reloading is enabled by this bit, the transfer destination address register value is restored to its
initial value after transfer is completed.
The details of other functions are the same as those described for bit22:SADR.
Table 15.2-14 Transfer Destination Address Register Reload Specification
DADR
Function
0
Transfer destination address register reloading is disabled. [Initial value]
1
Transfer destination address register reloading is enabled.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
411
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit20] ERIE (ERror Interrupt Enable)*: Error interrupt output enable
This bit controls the generation of an interrupt for termination when an error occurs. The content of the
error is indicated in DSS2 to DSS0. Note that an interrupt occurs only for specific termination factors
and not for all termination factors. (Refer to description of bits DSS2 to DSS0.)
Table 15.2-15 Error Interrupt Output Enable
ERIE
Function
0
Error interrupt request output is disabled. [Initial value]
1
Error interrupt request output is enabled.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit19] EDIE (EnD Interrupt Enable)*: End interrupt output enable
This bit controls the generation of an interrupt when transfer ends normally.
Table 15.2-16 End Interrupt Output Enable
EDIE
Function
0
End interrupt request output is disabled. [Initial value]
1
End interrupt request output is enabled.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit18 to bit16] DSS2 to DSS0 (Dma Stop Status)*: Transfer stop factor indication
These bits indicate a code (exit code) of 3 bits that indicates the factor of stopping or termination of
DMA transfer on the corresponding channel.
The exit codes are as follows.
Table 15.2-17 Transfer Stop Factor Indication
DSS
000B
Function
Initial value
X01B
Interrupt
generation
None
-
None
X10B
Transfer stop request
Error
X11B
Normal end
End
1XXB
DMA temporary stop (by DMAH bit, PAUS bit, and interrupts, etc.)
None
The transfer stop request is only set when a request from a peripheral circuit is used.
The "interrupt generation" column indicates the type of interrupt requests that can be generated.
• At a reset: Initialized to "000B".
• Writing "000B" clears these bits.
• Although read/write is enabled, only writing "000B" is valid.
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CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit15 to bit8] SASZ7 to SASZ0 (Source Addr count SiZe)*: Transfer source address count size
specification
These bits specify increment/decrement width for each transfer of each transfer source address
(DMASA) for the corresponding channel. The value set by these bits becomes the address increment/
decrement width for each transfer unit. The address increment/decrement width is complied with the
specification of the transfer source address count mode (SADM).
Table 15.2-18 Transfer Source Address Count Size Specification
SASZ
Function
00H
Address fixed
01H
Byte unit transfer
02H
Halfword unit transfer
04H
Word unit transfer
Others
Setting disabled
• At a reset: Initialized to "00000000B".
• Read/write is enabled.
• If setting other than a fixed address, be sure to set the same transfer unit as the transfer data width
(WS).
[bit7 to bit0] DASZ7 to DASZ0 (Des Addr count SiZe)*: Transfer destination address count size
specification
These bits specify increment/decrement width for each transfer of each transfer destination address
(DMADA) for the corresponding channel. The value set by these bits becomes the address increment/
decrement width for each transfer unit. The address increment/decrement width is complied with the
specification of the transfer destination address count mode (DADM).
Table 15.2-19 Transfer Destination Address Count Size Specification
DASZ
Function
00H
Address fixed
01H
Byte unit transfer
02H
Halfword unit transfer
04H
Word unit transfer
Others
Setting disabled
• At a reset: Initialized to "00000000B".
• Read/write is enabled.
• If setting other than a fixed address, be sure to set the same transfer unit as the transfer data width
(WS).
413
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.2.3
DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 Transfer Source/
Transfer Destination Address Setting Registers
DMASA0 to DMASA4 / DMADA0 to DMADA4 are registers that control the operation of
each channel of DMAC. Each register is set independently for each channel.
■ Bit Configuration of DMASA0 to DMASA4 / DMADA0 to DMADA4
Each bit function of DMASA0 to DMASA4 / DMADA0 to DMADA4 is indicated as follows.
Figure 15.2-3 Bit Function of DMASA0 to DMASA4 / DMADA0 to DMADA4
bit
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DMASA [31 : 16]
bit
15
14
13
11
11
10
9
8
7
DMASA [15 : 0]
(Initial value: XXXXXXXXH)
bit
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
DMADA [31 : 16]
bit
15
14
13
11
11
10
9
8
7
DMADA [15 : 0]
(Initial value: 00000000H)
These registers store the transfer source and destination addresses. These are composed of 32-bit length.
[bit31 to bit0] DMASA31 to DMASA0 (DMA Source Addr)*: Transfer source address setting
These bits set the transfer source address.
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CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit31 to bit0] DMADA31 to DMADA0 (DMA Destination Addr)*: Transfer destination address setting
These bits set the transfer destination address.
When the DMA transfer is activated, the data of this register is stored in the counter buffer of a
dedicated DMA address counter and address count is performed for each transfer based on the setting.
When the DMA transfer is completed, the contents of the counter buffer are written back to this register
and then DMA ends. Thus, the address counter value cannot be read during DMA operation.
All registers have a dedicated reload register. When used on channels for which reloading the transfer
source and destination address registers is enabled, the register is automatically reloaded with its initial
value when transfer completes. In this case, other address registers are not affected.
• At a reset: Initialized to "00000000H".
• Read/write is enabled. Be sure to access to this register with 32-bit data.
• During transfer, reading returns the previous address value before transfer starts. After transfer
completes, reading returns the next access address value. The reload value cannot be read. Therefore,
the transfer address cannot be read in real time.
• Set "0" for a nonexistent upper bit.
Note:
Do not set DMAC’s own registers in this register. Performing DMA transfer to DMAC’s own registers
is not allowed.
415
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.2.4
DMAC-ch.0, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4 DMAC All-Channel
Control Register
DMACR controls the operation of all the five DMAC channels. Be sure to access to this
register using byte length.
■ Bit Configuration of DMACR
Figure 15.2-4 shows the bit function of DMACR.
Figure 15.2-4 Bit Function of DMACR
bit
bit
31
30
29
28
DMAE
27
26
25
−
−
PM01
15
14
13
11
11
10
9
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
DMAH [3 : 0]
(Initial value: 0XX00000_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXXB)
[bit31] DMAE (DMA Enable): DMA operation enable
This bit controls operation for all DMA channels.
If DMA operation is disabled by this bit, transfer operations on all channels are disabled regardless of
the start/stop settings for each channel and the operating status. Any requests on channels where transfer
is in progress are cancelled and transfer stops at the block boundary. In a disabled state, all activation
operations to each channel are ignored.
If this bit enables DMA operation, start/stop operations are enabled for all channels. Enabling DMA
operation by this bit itself does not start transfer for each channel.
DMA operation can be forced to stop by writing "0" to this bit. However, be sure to use forced stop ("0"
write) only after temporarily stopping DMA using the DMAH[3:0] bits (bit27 to bit24: DMACR). If
forced stopping is carried out without temporarily stopping DMA, DMA stops but the transfer data
cannot be guaranteed. Check whether DMA is stopped using the DSS[2:0] bits (bit18 to bit16:
DMACB).
Table 15.2-20 DMA Operation Enable
DMAE
Function
0
DMA operation is disabled on all channels. [Initial value]
1
DMA operation is enabled on all channels.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
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CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[bit28] PM01 (Priority Mode ch.0, ch.1 robin): Channel priority rotation
This bit is set to switch priority for each transfer between ch.0 and ch.1.
Table 15.2-21 Channel Priority Rotation
PM01
Function
0
Priority is fixed. (ch.0 > ch.1) [Initial value]
1
Priority is switched. (ch.1 > ch.0)
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit27 to bit24] DMAH3 to DMAH0 (DMA Halt): DMA temporary stop
These bits stop temporarily DAM transfer for all DMA channels. Setting these bits stops DMA transfer
on all channels until the bits are cleared again.
If these bits are set before enabling DMA, all channels remain paused.
Any transfer requests that occur for channels where DMA transfer is enabled (DENB=1) while these
bits are set are valid but transfer does not start until the bits are cleared.
Table 15.2-22 DMA Temporary Stop
DMAH
0000B
Other than 0000B
Function
DMA operation is enabled on all channels. [Initial value]
DMA is temporarily stopped.
• At a reset: Initialized to "0".
• Read/write is enabled.
[bit30, bit29, bit23 to bit0] −: Reserved bits
Read value is undefined.
417
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3
Explanation of the DMAC (DMA Controller) Operation
This section explains the operational overview, details of the transfer request setting,
transfer sequence and operation of DMAC.
■ Overview of the DMAC
This block built into FR family devices is a multi-functional DMA controller and controls data transfer at
high speed without using CPU instruction operations.
418
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.1
Operational Overview of DMAC (DMA Controller)
This section explains the operational overview of DAMC.
■ Main Operations of DMAC
The operation of each function can be set independently for each transfer channel.
After each channel is enabled, the channel does not actually start transfer until the specified transfer request
is detected.
On detecting a transfer request, the DMAC outputs a DMA transfer request to the bus controller and starts
transfer on receiving bus access rights from the bus controller. The transfer is carried out based on a
sequence of the mode settings set independently for each channel.
■ Transfer Mode
Each DMA channel performs transfer operation according to the transfer mode set by the MOD[1:0] bits of
its DMACB register.
● Block/step transfer
Only a single block transfer unit is transferred in response to one transfer request. DMA then stops
requesting the bus controller for transfer until the next transfer request is accepted.
One block transfer unit: Specified block size (DMACA:BLK[3:0]).
● Burst transfer
With one transfer request, the transfer continues until the specified number of transfers is completed.
Specified number of transfers: Block size × transfer count (DMACA:BLK[3:0] ×
DMACA:DTC[15:0])
■ Transfer Type
● 2-cycle transfer (Normal transfer)
The DMA controller operates a read operation and a write operation as one unit of operation.
The DMAC reads the data from the address in the transfer source register and then writes it to the address
in the transfer destination register.
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CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
■ Transfer Address
The following types of addressing are available and can be set independently for each channel transfer
source and transfer destination.
● Specifying the address for 2-cycle transfer
The value read from a register (DMASA, DMADA) in which an address has been set in advance is used as
the address for access.
After accepting a transfer request, DMA stores the address from the register in the temporary storage buffer
and then starts transfer.
After each transfer (access), the address counter is used to generate the next access address (incremented,
decremented, or fixed can be selected) and this new address is returned to the temporary storage buffer. The
contents of the temporary storage buffer are written back to the register (DMASA, DMADA) after each
block transfer unit is completed.
Therefore, the address register (DMASA, DMADA) value is updated only by each block transfer unit, and
so the address during transfer cannot be read in real time.
■ Number of Transfers and End of Transfer
● Number of transfers
The transfer count register is decremented (-1) after transfer of each block completes. When the transfer
count register reaches "0" indicating that the specified number of transfers have been performed, the
DMAC displays the exit code and then stops or restarts.
Like the address registers, the transfer count register is only updated after each block is transferred.
If reloading the transfer count register is disabled, transfer ends. If enabled, the register is initialized with
its initial value and the DMAC enters a wait state for transfer (DMACB:DTCR).
● End of transfer
Factors for the transfer end are shown below. When transfer ends, a factor is indicated as the exit code
(DMACB:DSS[2:0]).
• End of the specified transfer number (DMACA:BLK[3:0] × DMACA:DTC[15:0]) → Normal end
• A transfer stop request is generated from a peripheral circuit → Error
• An address error is generated → Error
• A reset is generated → Reset
A transfer stop factor indication (DSS) is displayed and a transfer end interrupt/error interrupt can be
generated for each end factor.
420
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.2
Transfer Request Setting
The following two types of transfer requests can be used to start DMA transfer.
• Built-in peripheral request
• Software request
Software requests can always be used regardless of the settings of other requests.
■ Internal Peripheral Request
The transfer request is generated by an interrupt from a built-in peripheral circuit.
For each channel, set which peripheral interrupt is used to generate a transfer request (DMACA:IS[4:0]=1XXXXB).
This request and an external transfer request cannot be used at the same time.
Note:
Because an interrupt request used in a transfer request can be seen as an interrupt request to the
CPU, disable interrupts in the interrupt controller setting (ICR register).
■ Software Request
Writing to the trigger bit in the register generates the transfer request (DMACA:STRG).
This request can be used independently from the above transfer request at any time.
If a software request occurs concurrently with activation (enabling transfer), a DMA transfer request is
outputted to the bus controller immediately and then transfer starts.
421
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.3
Transfer Sequence
The transfer type and the transfer mode that determine the operation sequence after DMA
transfer activation can be set independently for each channel (DMACB:TYPE[1:0] and
MOD[1:0] settings).
■ Selecting Transfer Sequence
The following sequences can be selected by register settings:
• Burst 2-cycle transfer
• Block/step 2-cycle transfer
■ Burst 2-cycle Transfer
The specified number of transfers is performed for each transfer factor. For a 2-cycle transfer, 32-bit area
can be specified for a transfer source/transfer destination address.
A peripheral transfer request or a software transfer request can be specified as a transfer factor.
Table 15.3-1 lists the specifiable transfer address for burst 2-cycle transfer.
Table 15.3-1 Specifiable Transfer Address for Burst 2-Cycle Transfer
Transfer source address
specification
Direction
Transfer destination address
specification
All 32-bit areas specifiable
→
All 32-bit areas specifiable
[Characteristics of burst transfer]
• Each time a transfer request is received, transfer continues until the transfer count register reaches
"0". The number of transfers is the block size × the number of transfers (DMACA:BLK[3:0] ×
DMACA:DTC[15:0]).
• If a transfer request is generated once again during a transfer, the request is ignored.
• When the reload function is enabled for the transfer count register, a subsequent transfer request is
accepted after transfer completes.
• If a transfer request for another channel with a higher priority is received during transfer, the channel
is switched at the boundary of the block transfer unit and it will not be returned until the transfer
request for the channel is cleared.
Figure 15.3-1shows the example of burst transfer.
Figure 15.3-1 Example of Burst Transfer
Transfer request ↑ (edge)
Bus operation
Transfer number
CPU
SA
DA
4
SA
DA
3
SA
DA
2
SA
DA
1
Transfer end
(Example of burst transfer with external pin rising edge activation,
block number=1, and transfer number=4)
422
CPU
0
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
■ Step/Block Transfer 2-cycle Transfer
For a step/block transfer (transfer for each transfer request is performed as many times as the specified
block count), 32-bit area can be specified as the transfer source/transfer destination address.
Table 15.3-2 shows the specifiable transfer addresses for step/block transfer 2-cycle transfer.
Table 15.3-2 Specifiable Transfer Addresses for Step/Block Transfer 2-Cycle Transfer
Transfer source address specification
Direction
Transfer destination address
specification
All 32-bit areas specifiable
→
All 32-bit areas specifiable
■ Step Transfer
If "1" is set for the block size, a step transfer sequence is selected.
[Characteristics of step transfer]
• If a transfer request is received, the transfer request is cleared after one transfer operation and then the
transfer is stopped. (The DMA transfer request to the bus controller is canceled.)
• If a transfer request is generated once again during a transfer, the request is ignored.
• If a transfer request for another channel with a higher priority is received during transfer, the channel is
switched after the transfer is stopped and then restarted. For step transfer, priority is only meaningful for
the case when transfer requests are generated simultaneously.
■ Block Transfer
If a value other than "1" is specified for the block size, a block transfer sequence is selected.
[Characteristics of block transfer]
Except that each transfer consists of multiple transfer cycles (specified by the number of blocks), the
operation is the same as for step transfer. Figure 15.3-2 shows the example of block transfer.
Figure 15.3-2 Example of Block Transfer
Transfer request ↑ (edge)
Bus operation
Block number
Transfer number
CPU
SA
DA
SA
2
DA
1
2
CPU
0
SA
DA
SA
DA
1
2
1
Transfer end
(Example of block transfer with external pin rising edge activation, block number=2, and transfer number=2)
423
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.4
DMA Transfer in General
This section explains the DMA transfer operation.
■ Block Size
The unit of transfer data is the collection of data of as many as the number set in the block size setting
register (× data width).
Since the data to be transferred in one transfer cycle is fixed to the value specified by the data width, one
transfer unit consists of the number of transfer cycles for the specified block size.
During a transfer, if a transfer request with higher priority is accepted or if a transfer temporary stop request
is generated, the transfer stops only at the transfer unit boundary whether or not the transfer is a block
transfer. Although this prevents data in the data block from undesirable splitting or temporary stopping, it
may cause the response to be slower if the block size is large.
Transfer stops immediately only when a reset occurs, in which case the data being transferred cannot be
guaranteed.
■ Reload Operation
In this module, the following three types of reload function are available to be set for each channel:
(1) Transfer count register reload function
After transfer is performed the specified number of times, the initial value is set in the transfer count
register again and waiting for an activation request.
Use this setting to perform any of the transfer sequences repeatedly.
If reloading is not enabled, the count register remains at "0" after the specified number of transfers is
completed and no further transfers are performed.
(2) Transfer source address register reload function
After transfer is performed the specified number of times, the initial value is set in the transfer
source address register again.
Use this setting if repeatedly performing a transfer from a fixed area in the transfer source address
area.
If reloading is not enabled, after the specified number of transfers is completed, the value in the
transfer source address register becomes the next address. Use this setting if the address area is not
fixed.
(3) Transfer destination address register reload function
After transfer is performed the specified number of times, the initial value is set in the transfer
destination address register again.
Use this setting if repeatedly performing a transfer to a fixed area in the transfer destination address
area.
(Other features are the same as (2).)
Enabling the reload functions for transfer source and destination address registers by itself does not cause
transfer to restart after the specified number of transfers is completed. It only causes the address registers to
be reloaded with their initial values.
424
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
[Special case of operation mode and reload operation]
When a transfer is executed in the continuous transfer mode by external pin input level detection, if a
reload function of the transfer count register is used, the transfer is continued by reloading without
stopping even if the transfer is completed while input is continued.
If you want to stop the transfer at the end of transfer and restart it from the input detection, do not set a
reload setting.
When using burst, block, or step transfer modes, transfer is suspended once after the reload is
performed at the end of the transfer operation, and no further transfer is performed until a new transfer
request input is detected.
425
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.5
Addressing Mode
The transfer destination address and transfer source address are specified
independently for each transfer channel.
The specification method is explained below. Use transfer sequence to specify
addresses.
■ Address Register Specification
In 2-cycle transfer mode, set the transfer source address in the transfer source address setting register
(DMASA) and the transfer destination address in the transfer destination address setting register
(DMADA).
[Features of the address register]
32-bit length register
[Function of the address register]
• The registers are read each time an access is performed and outputted to the address bus.
• The address counter is used to calculate the address for the next access at the same time and the
address register is updated by the address of the result of this calculation.
• The address calculation is selected from either incrementing or decrementing calculation
independently for each channel, transfer source, and transfer destination. The width of the address
increment or decrement is specified by the address count size specification register values (DMACB:
SASZ, DASZ).
• When the reload function is not enabled for an address register, address of the result of the address
calculation remains in the register after the transfer ends.
• If the reload function is enabled, the initial value of the address is reloaded.
Reference:
If an overflow or underflow occurs as a result of 32-bit length address calculation, the result is
detected as an address error and a transfer on the corresponding channel is stopped. (Refer to
"Table 15.2-17").
Notes:
• Do not set addresses of DMAC’s own registers in the address registers.
• Do not transfer to DMAC’s own registers by the DMAC.
426
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.6
Data Types
Select the data length (data width) to be transferred in one transfer operation from the
following:
• Byte
• Halfword
• Word
■ Access Address
Since the word boundary specification is also observed in DMA transfer, different low-order bits are
ignored if an address with a different data length is specified for the transfer destination/transfer source
address.
• Word:
The actual access address is a 4-byte length starting with "00B" in the lowest 2 bits.
• Halfword:
The actual access address is a 2-byte length starting with "0B" in the lowest 1 bit.
• Byte:
The actual access address and the addressing are the same.
If the lowest-order bits in the transfer source address and transfer destination address are different, the
addresses as set are outputted on the internal address bus. However, each transfer target on the bus is
accessed after the addresses are corrected according to the above rules.
427
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.7
Transfer Number Control
The transfer number is specified within the range of the maximum 16-bit length (1 to
65536 times). Set the number of transfers in the transfer count register (DMACA:DTC).
■ Transfer Count Register and Reload Operation
The register value is stored in a temporary storage buffer when transfer starts, and is decremented by the
transfer counter. When the counter value becomes "0", it is detected as the end of transfer for the specified
count, and the transfer on the channel is stopped or waiting for a restart request (when reload is specified).
[Features of transfer count registers]
• Each register has 16-bit length.
• Each register has a dedicated reload register.
• Setting the register value to "0" results in transfer being performed 65536 times.
[Reload operation]
• Register has a reload function and the reload function is valid only if it is enabled.
• The initial value of the count register is saved in the reload register when transfer is activated.
• Once the count of the transfer counter reaches to "0", a signal indicating transfer completion is
outputted as well as the initial value is read from the reload register and written to the count register.
428
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.8
CPU Control
When a DMA transfer request is accepted, DMA issues a transfer request to the bus
controller.
The bus controller passes the right to use the internal bus to DMA at a break in bus
operation and DMA transfer starts.
■ DMA Transfer and Interrupts
During DMA transfer, if an NMI request or an interrupt request with a higher level than the hold suppress
level set by the HRCL register of the interrupt controller occurs, DMAC temporarily cancels the transfer
request to the bus controller at a transfer unit boundary (one block) and temporarily stops the transfer until
the interrupt request is cleared. In the meantime, the transfer request is retained internally. After the
interrupt request is cleared, DMAC issues a transfer request to the bus controller again to acquire the right
to use the bus and then restarts DMA transfer.
If an interrupt level is lower than the level set by the HRCL register, interrupt requests are not accepted
until DMA transfer ends. If a DMA transfer request is generated during an interrupt processing with a
lower level than the level of the HRCL setting value, the transfer request is accepted and the interrupt
processing operation is stopped until the transfer ends.
In the default setting, DMA transfer request level is set to the lowest level, in which the transfer is stopped
for all the interrupt requests and the interrupt processing is prioritized.
■ DMA Suppression
When an interrupt source with a higher priority occurs during DMA transfer, an FR family device
interrupts the DMA transfer and branches to the relevant interrupt routine. This feature is valid as long as
there are any interrupt requests. When all interrupt factors are cleared, the suppression feature no longer
works and the DMA transfer is restarted by the interrupt processing routine.
Thus, if you want to suppress restart of DMA transfer after clearing interrupt factors in the interrupt factor
processing routine at a level that interrupts DMA transfer, use the DMA suppression function.
The DMA suppression function is activated by writing a non-zero value to the DMAH[3:0] bits in the
DMA all-channel control register and is stopped by setting the bits to "0".
This function is mainly used in the interrupt processing routines. Before the interrupt factors are cleared in
an interrupt processing routine, the content of DMA suppression register is incremented by 1. By doing
this, no DMA transfer will not be performed from then on.
After interrupt processing, the contents of DMAH[3:0] bits is decremented by 1 before returning.
If multiple interrupts have occurred, DMA transfer continues to be suppressed since the contents of
DMAH[3:0] bits do not become "0" yet. If a single interrupt has occurred, the contents of DMAH[3:0] bits
become "0" and so the DMA requests are then enabled immediately.
Note:
• Since the register has only four bits, this function cannot be used for multiple interrupts exceeding
15 levels.
• Be sure to assign the priority of the DMA tasks at a level that is at least 15 levels higher than
other interrupt levels.
429
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.9
Starting Operation
Starting of DMA transfer is controlled independently for each channel, but before
transfer starts, the operation of all channels needs to be enabled.
■ Enabling Operations for All Channels
Before activated in each DMAC channel, operation for all channels needs to be enabled in advance with the
DMA operation enable bit (DMACR:DMAE).
All start settings and transfer requests that occurred before operation is enabled become invalid.
■ Starting Transfer
The transfer operation can be started by the operation enable bit of the control register for each channel. If a
transfer request to an activated channel is accepted, the DMA transfer operation is started in the specified
mode.
■ Starting from Temporary Stop State
If a temporary stop occurs before starting with channel-by-channel or all-channel control, the temporary
stop state is maintained even though the transfer operation is started. If transfer requests occur in this
period, they are accepted and retained.
A transfer is started from the point where a temporary stop is cancelled.
430
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.10
Transfer Request Acceptance and Transfer
This section explains the acceptance of transfer request and the contents of transfer.
■ Transfer Request Acceptance and the Transfer
Sampling for transfer requests set for each channel starts after starting.
When activation of peripheral interrupts is selected, the DMAC continues the transfer operation until the
transfer request is cleared. If it is cleared, the transfer is stopped in each transfer unit (activation of
peripheral interrupts).
Since peripheral interrupts are handled as level detections, the interrupt needs to be generated using
interrupt clear by DMA.
Transfer requests are always accepted while requests for other channels are being accepted and the transfer
is being performed. The channel that will be used for transfer is determined for each transfer unit by
checking the priority.
431
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.11
Clearing Peripheral Interrupts by DMA
This DMA has a function that clears peripheral interrupts. This function works when
peripheral interrupt is selected as the DMA activation factor (when IS[4:0]= 1XXXXB).
Peripheral interrupts are cleared only for the set activation factors. That is, only the
peripheral functions set by IS[4:0] are cleared.
■ Timing for Clearing an Interrupt by DMA
The timing for clearing an interrupt depends on the transfer mode. (See section "15.4 Operational Flow of
DMAC (DMA Controller)").
[Block/step transfer]
If block transfer is selected, a clear signal is generated after one block (step) transfer.
[Burst transfer]
If burst transfer is selected, a clear signal is generated after transfer is performed the specified number
of times.
432
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.12
Temporary Stop
This section explains the case when the DMA transfer stops temporarily.
■ Setting of Temporary Stop by Writing to the Control Register
(Set Independently for Each Channel or All Channels Simultaneously)
If temporary stop is set using a temporary stop bit, transfer on the corresponding channel is stopped until
cancellation setting of the temporary stop is set again. Temporary stop can be checked by DSS bits.
Transfer is restarted when temporary stop is canceled.
■ NMI/Hold Suppression Level Interrupt Processing
If an NMI request or an interrupt request with a higher level than the hold suppression level occurs, all
channels on which transfer is in progress are temporarily stopped at the boundary of the transfer unit and
the bus right is opened to give priority to NMI/interrupt processing. Transfer requests accepted during
NMI/interrupt processing are retained, and wait for the completion of NMI processing.
Channels for which requests are retained restart transfer after NMI/interrupt processing is completed.
433
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.13
Operation End/Stop
The end of DMA transfer is controlled independently for each channel. It is also possible
to disable operation for all channels at once.
■ End of Transfer
If reload operation is disabled, transfer is stopped after the transfer count register becomes "0", then
"Normal end" is displayed as the exit code, and all subsequent transfer requests are disabled.
(DMACA:DENB bit is cleared.)
If reload operation is enabled, the initial value is reloaded after the transfer count register becomes "0", then
"Normal end" is displayed as the exit code, and the state enters a wait state for transfer requests once again.
(DMACA:DENB bit is not cleared.)
■ Disabling All Channels
If the operation of all channels is disabled with the DMA operation enable bit DMAE, all DMAC
operations, including operations on active channels, are stopped. Then, even if the operation of all channels
is enabled again, no transfer is performed unless each channel is restarted individually. In this case, no
interrupt occurs.
434
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.14
Error Stop
In addition to normal end by the completion of transfer for the number of times
specified, stopping by various types of errors and forced stopping are provided.
■ Transfer Stop Requests from Peripheral Circuits
Depending on the peripheral circuit that outputs a transfer request, a transfer stop request is issued when an
error is detected (Example: Error when data is received at or sent from a communications system
peripheral).
The DMAC, when it receives such a transfer stop request, displays "Transfer stop request" as the exit code
and stops the transfer on the corresponding channel.
■ Occurrence of an Address Error
If an inappropriate addressing is executed in each addressing mode, an address error is detected (An
"inappropriate addressing" is, for example, "a case if an overflow or underflow occurs in the address
counter when a 32-bit address is specified").
If an address error is detected, "Address error occurs" is displayed as the exit code and the transfer on the
corresponding channel is stopped.
435
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.15
DMAC Interrupt Control
DMAC interrupt control can output interrupts for each DMAC channel independently
from peripheral interrupts that become transfer requests.
■ Interrupts That DMAC Interrupt Control can Output
• Transfer end interrupt:
Occurs only when operation ends normally.
• Error interrupt:
Transfer stop request from peripheral circuit (error due to a peripheral)
Occurrence of address error (error due to software)
All of these interrupts are outputted according to the content of the exit code.
An interrupt request can be cleared by writing "000B" to DSS2 to DSS0 (exit code) of DMACS.
Be sure to clear the exit code by writing "000B" before restarting.
If reload operation is enabled, the transfer is automatically restarted. At this point, however, the exit code is
not cleared and is retained until a new exit code is written when the next transfer ends.
Since only one end factor can be displayed in an exit code, the result after evaluating the priority is
displayed when multiple factors occur simultaneously. The interrupt that occurs at this point complies with
the displayed exit code.
The following shows the priority in order of descending priority for displaying exit codes:
• Reset
• Clearing by writing "000B"
• Peripheral stop request
• Normal end
• Stopping by detecting address error
• Channel selection and control
436
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.16
DMA Transfer during Sleep Mode
The DMAC can also operate in sleep mode.
This section explains the DMA transfer in a sleep state.
■ Notes on DMA Transfer in Sleep Mode
If DMA transfer during a sleep mode, ensure the following points:
• Since the CPU is stopped, DMAC registers cannot be rewritten. Make settings before the device enters
sleep mode.
• The sleep mode is cancelled by an interrupt. Thus, if a peripheral interrupt is selected as a DMAC
activation factor, interrupts must be disabled by the interrupt controller.
Similarly, if you do not want to cancel the sleep mode by a DMAC end interrupt, disable DMAC end
interrupts.
437
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.3.17
Channel Selection and Control
Up to five channels can be simultaneously set as transfer channels.
In general, an independent function can be set for each channel.
■ Priority Among Channels
Since DMA transfer is allowed only in one channel at a time, priority must be set for the channels. Two
modes, fixed and rotation, are provided as the priority settings and can be selected for each channel group
(Refer to "■ Channel Group").
● Fixed mode
The priority is fixed by channel number in ascending order.
(ch.0 > ch.1 > ch.2 > ch.3 > ch.4)
If a transfer request with a higher priority is accepted during a transfer, the transfer channel is switched to
the channel with the higher priority when the transfer for the transfer unit (number set in the block size
specification register × data width) ends.
When higher priority transfer is completed, transfer is restarted on the previous channel.
Figure 15.3-3 shows the DMA transfer in fixed mode.
Figure 15.3-3 DMA Transfer in Fixed Mode
ch.0 transfer request
ch.1 transfer request
Bus operation
CPU
SA
Transfer channel
DA
SA
ch.1
DA
SA
ch.0
DA
SA
ch.0
DA
CPU
ch.1
ch.0 transfer end
ch.1 transfer end
● Rotation mode (between ch.0 and ch.1 only)
The initial state after operation is enabled is set to the same order as fixed mode, but the priorities of the
channels are reversed at the end of each transfer operation. Thus, if more than one transfer request is
outputted at the same time, the channel is switched per each transfer unit.
This mode is effective when continuous/burst transfer is set.
Figure 15.3-4 shows the DMA transfer operation in rotation mode.
Figure 15.3-4 DMA Transfer in Rotation Mode
ch.0 transfer request
ch.1 transfer request
Bus operation
Transfer channel
ch.0 transfer end
ch.1 transfer end
438
CPU
SA
DA
ch.1
SA
DA
ch.0
SA
DA
ch.1
SA
DA
ch.0
CPU
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
■ Channel Group
Set the selection of priority as the unit explained in the table below.
Table 15.3-3 shows the DMA priority selection setting.
Table 15.3-3 DMA Priority Selection Setting
Mode
Priority
Remarks
Fixed
ch.0 > ch.1
−
Rotation
ch.0 > ch.1
↑↓
ch.0 < ch.1
The initial state is shown in the upper row.
If transfer occurs in the state of the upper row, the
priority is inverted.
439
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.4
Operational Flow of DMAC (DMA Controller)
Figure 15.4-1 and Figure 15.4-2 show operational flows of DMA transfer.
■ Operational Flow of Block Transfer
Figure 15.4-1 Block Transfer
DMA stop
DENB=>0
DENB=1
Activation
request wait
Reload enabled
Activation request
Initial address, transfer number,
block number loading
Transfer source address
access address calculation
Access is executed only once
when accessing by fly-by.
Transfer destination address
access address calculation
BLK=0
Only when peripheral interrupt
activation factor is selected.
Address, transfer number,
block number writing back
Interrupt clear is generated.
Interrupt clear
DTC=0
DMA transfer end
DMA interrupt is generated.
Block transfer
• Activation is enabled by all activation factors (select).
• Access is enabled to all areas.
• Block number is settable.
• Interrupt clear is issued after the completion of block number.
• DMA interrupt is issued after the completion of specified transfer number.
440
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
■ Operational Flow of Burst Transfer
Figure 15.4-2 Burst Transfer
DMA stop
DENB=>0
DENB=1
Reload enabled
Activation
request wait
Initial address, transfer number,
block number loading
Transfer source address
access address calculation
Access is executed only once
when accessing by fly-by.
Transfer destination address
access address calculation
BLK=0
DTC=0
Address, transfer number,
block number writing back
Only when peripheral interrupt
activation factor is selected.
Interrupt clear
Interrupt clear is generated.
DMA transfer end
DMA interrupt is generated.
Burst transfer
• Activation is enabled by all activation factors (select).
• Access is enabled to all areas.
• Block number is settable.
• DMA interrupt is issued after the completion of specified transfer number.
441
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
15.5
Data Path of DMAC (DMA Controller)
This section shows data paths for each transfer.
■ Data Paths During 2-cycle Transfer
Figure 15.5-1 to Figure 15.5-6 show data paths during 2-cycle transfer.
Figure 15.5-1 External Area → External Area Transfer
Read cycle
CPU
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
MB91xxx
DMAC
Write cycle
I-bus
CPU
DMAC
External bus I/F
MB91xxx
Data buffer
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
F-bus
RAM
External bus I/F
External Area ⇒ External Area Transfer
F-bus
I/O
RAM
I/O
Figure 15.5-2 External Area → Internal RAM Area Transfer
Read cycle
CPU
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
MB91xxx
DMAC
Write cycle
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
F-bus
RAM
442
F-bus
I/O
RAM
I/O
External bus I/F
DMAC
CPU
MB91xxx
External bus I/F
External Area ⇒ Internal RAM Area Transfer
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
Figure 15.5-3 External Area → Built-in I/O Area Transfer
Read cycle
CPU
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
MB91xxx
DMAC
Write cycle
I-bus
Data buffer
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
F-bus
RAM
External bus I/F
DMAC
CPU
MB91xxx
External bus I/F
External Area ⇒ Built-in I/O Area Transfer
F-bus
RAM
I/O
I/O
Figure 15.5-4 Built-in I/O Area → Built-in RAM Area Transfer
Read cycle
CPU
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
MB91xxx
DMAC
Write cycle
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
F-bus
RAM
External bus I/F
DMAC
CPU
MB91xxx
External bus I/F
Built-in I/O Area ⇒ Built-in RAM Area Transfer
F-bus
I/O
RAM
I/O
443
CHAPTER 15 DMAC (DMA CONTROLLER)
Figure 15.5-5 Internal RAM Area → External Area Transfer
Read cycle
CPU
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
Data buffer
D-bus
MB91xxx
DMAC
Write cycle
I-bus
X-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
F-bus
RAM
External bus I/F
DMAC
CPU
MB91xxx
External bus I/F
Internal RAM Area ⇒ External Area Transfer
F-bus
RAM
I/O
I/O
Figure 15.5-6 Internal RAM Area → Built-in I/O Area Transfer
Read cycle
X-bus
CPU
I-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
MB91xxx
DMAC
Write cycle
X-bus
I-bus
Bus controller
D-bus
Data buffer
F-bus
RAM
444
I/O
F-bus
RAM
I/O
External bus I/F
DMAC
CPU
MB91xxx
External bus I/F
Internal RAM Area ⇒ Built-in I/O Area Transfer
CHAPTER 16
CAN CONTROLLER
This chapter describes the functions and operations of
the CAN controller.
16.1 Features of CAN
16.2 CAN Block Diagram
16.3 CAN Registers
16.4 CAN Register Functions
16.5 CAN Controller Functions
445
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.1
Features of CAN
CAN conforms to the CAN Protocol Version 2.0A/B, which is a standard protocol for
serial communication. It is widely used in industrial fields including automobile and
factory automation.
■ Features of CAN
CAN has the following features:
• Support for the CAN Protocol Version 2.0A/B
• Support for bit rates up to 1 Mbps
• Identification mask for each message object
• Support for the programmable FIFO mode
• Maskable interrupt
• Support for the programmable loop-back mode for self test operation
• Reading/writing from/to the message buffer through the interface register
446
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.2
CAN Block Diagram
Figure 16.2-1 shows the CAN block diagram.
Figure 16.2-1 CAN Block Diagram
CAN_TX CAN_RX
C_CAN
Message handler
CAN controller
Message RAM
Register group
Interrupt
DataOUT
DataIN
Address[7:0]
Control
Reset
Clock
CPU interface
■ CAN Controller
Controls the serial register for serial/parallel conversion used for transferring the CAN protocol and
transmission/reception messages.
■ Message RAM
Stores message objects.
■ Register Group
All registers used in CAN.
■ Message Handler
Controls the message RAM and CAN controller.
■ CPU Interface
Controls the interface of the FR family internal bus.
447
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.3
CAN Registers
CAN has the following registers:
• CAN control register (CTRLR)
• CAN status register (STATR)
• CAN error counter (ERRCNT)
• CAN bit timing register (BTR)
• CAN interrupt register (INTR)
• CAN test register (TESTR)
• CAN prescaler expansion register (BRPE)
• IFx command request register (IFxCREQ)
• IFx command mask register (IFxCMSK)
• IFx mask registers 1, 2 (IFxMSK1, IFxMSK2)
• IFx arbitration registers 1, 2 (IFxARB1, IFxARB2)
• IFx message control register (IFxMCTR)
• IFx data registers A1, A2, B1, B2 (IFxDTA1, IFxDTA2, IFxDTB1, IFxDTB2)
• CAN transmission request registers 1, 2 (TREQR1, TREQR2)
• CAN New Data registers 1, 2 (NEWDT1, NEWDT2)
• CAN interrupt pending registers 1, 2 (INTPND1, INTPND2)
• CAN message validation registers 1, 2 (MSGVAL1, MSGVAL2)
• CAN clock prescaler register (CANPRE)
448
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ List of the General Control Registers
Table 16.3-1 List of General Control Registers
Register
Address
Comment
+0
+1
CAN control register
Base-addr + 00H
Initial value
Initial value
Initial value
CAN status register
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
Reserved
CTRLR
Reserved
STATR
00000000B
00000001B
00000000B
00000000B
CAN bit timing register
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
RP, REC[6:0]
TEC[7:0]
TSeg2[2:0],
TSeg1[3:0]
SJW[1:0],
BRP[5:0]
00000000B
00000000B
00100011B
00000001B
CAN interrupt register
Base-addr + 08H
+3
bit15 to bit8
CAN error counter
Base-addr + 04H
+2
CAN test register
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
IntId15 to IntId8
IntId7 to IntId0
Reserved
TESTR
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
r0000000B
CAN prescaler expansion register
Base-addr + 0CH
Initial value
Reserved
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
Reserved
BRP3 to BRP0
Reserved
Reserved
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
−
The error counter is read
only.
The bit timing register is
set to be writable by
setting CCE.
The interrupt register
is read only.
The test register is set
to be usable by setting
TSET.
Value "r" in TESTR
indicates the value of
the CAN_RX pin.
The prescaler
expansion register is
set to be writable by
setting CCE.
449
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ List of the Message Interface Registers
Table 16.3-2 List of Message Interface Registers (1 / 2)
Register
Address
Comment
+0
+1
IF1 command request register
Base-addr + 10H
Initial value
Initial value
Initial value
IF1 command mask register
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
BUSY
Mess. No. 5 to 0
Reserved
IF1CMSK
00000000B
00000001B
00000000B
00000000B
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
MXtd. MDir,
Msk28 to Msk24
Msk23 to Msk16
Msk15 to Msk8
Msk7 to Msk0
11111111B
11111111B
11111111B
11111111B
Initial value
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
MsgVal, Xtd, Dir,
ID28 to ID24
ID23 to ID16
ID15 to ID8
ID7 to ID0
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Base-addr + 20H
Initial value
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
IF1MCTR
IF1MCTR
Reserved
Reserved
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Base-addr + 24H
Initial value
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
Data[0]
Data[1]
Data[2]
Data[3]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Initial value
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
Data[4]
Data[5]
Data[6]
Data[7]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Initial value
450
IF1 data register A1
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
Data[3]
Data[2]
Data[1]
Data[0]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
IF1 data register B2
Base-addr + 34H
IF1 data register B2
bit7 to bit0
IF1 data register A2
Base-addr + 30H
IF1 data register A2
bit7 to bit0
IF1 data register B1
−
Reserved
bit15 to bit8
IF1 data register A1
−
IF1 arbitration register 1
IF1 message control register
Base-addr + 1CH
−
IF1 mask register 1
bit15 to bit8
IF1 arbitration register 2
Base-addr + 18H
+3
bit15 to bit8
IF1 mask register 2
Base-addr + 14H
+2
IF1 data register B1
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
Data[7]
Data[6]
Data[5]
Data[4]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
−
Big endian byte
Big endian byte
Little endian byte
Little endian byte
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
Table 16.3-2 List of Message Interface Registers (2 / 2)
Register
Address
Comment
+0
+1
IF2 command request register
Base-addr + 40H
Initial value
Initial value
Initial value
IF2 command mask register
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
BUSY
Mess. No. 5 to 0
Reserved
IF2CMSK
00000000B
00000001B
00000000B
00000000B
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
MXtd. MDir,
Msk28 to Msk24
Msk23 to Msk16
Msk15 to Msk8
Msk7 to Msk0
11111111B
11111111B
11111111B
11111111B
Initial value
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
IF2MCTR
IF2MCTR
Reserved
Reserved
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Base-addr + 50H
Initial value
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
IF2MCTR
IF2MCTR
Reserved
Reserved
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Base-addr + 54H
Initial value
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
Data[0]
Data[1]
Data[2]
Data[3]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Initial value
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
Data[4]
Data[5]
Data[6]
Data[7]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Initial value
IF2 data register A1
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
Data[3]
Data[2]
Data[1]
Data[0]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
IF2 data register B2
Base-addr + 64H
IF2 data register B2
bit7 to bit0
IF2 data register A2
Base-addr + 60H
IF2 data register A2
bit7 to bit0
IF2 data register B1
−
Reserved
bit15 to bit8
IF2 data register A1
−
IF2 arbitration register 1
IF2 message control register
Base-addr + 4CH
−
IF2 mask register 1
bit15 to bit8
IF2 arbitration register 2
Base-addr + 48H
+3
bit15 to bit8
IF2 mask register 2
Base-addr + 44H
+2
IF2 data register B1
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
Data[7]
Data[6]
Data[5]
Data[4]
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
−
Big endian byte
Big endian byte
Little endian byte
Little endian byte
451
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ List of the Message Handler Registers
Table 16.3-3 List of Message Handler Registers (1 / 2)
Register
Address
Comment
+0
+1
CAN transmission request register 2
Base-addr + 80H
Initial value
Initial value
Initial value
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
TxRqst32 to
TxRqst25
TxRqst24 to
TxRqst17
TxRqst16 to
TxRqst9
TxRqst8 to
TxRqst1
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Initial value
Base-addr + 98H
Base-addr + A0H
Initial value
452
CAN transmission request register 3
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
TxRqst64 to
TxRqst57
TxRqst56 to
TxRqst49
TxRqst48 to
TxRqst41
TxRqst40 to
TxRqst33
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
CAN data update register 1
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
NewDat32 to
NewDat25
NewDat24 to
NewDat17
NewDat16 to
NewDat9
NewDat8 to
NewDat1
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
CAN data update register 4
Base-addr + 94H
CAN transmission request register 1
bit7 to bit0
CAN data update register 2
Base-addr + 90H
+3
bit15 to bit8
CAN transmission request register 4
Base-addr + 84H
+2
CAN data update register 3
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
NewDat64 to
NewDat57
NewDat56 to
NewDat49
NewDat49 to
NewDat41
NewDat40 to
NewDat33
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Reserved (used when the number of message buffers is 65 or more)
CAN interrupt pending register 2
CAN interrupt pending register 1
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
IntPnd32 to
IntPnd25
IntPnd24 to
IntPnd17
IntPnd16 to
IntPnd9
IntPnd8 to
IntPnd1
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
The transmission
request register is
read only.
The transmission
request register is
read only. (ch.1 of
MB91F467R)
The data update
register is read only.
The data update
register is read only.
(ch.1 of
MB91F467R)
−
The interrupt
pending register is
read only.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
Table 16.3-3 List of Message Handler Registers (2 / 2)
Register
Address
Comment
+0
Base-addr + A4H
Initial value
Base-addr + A8H
+1
CAN interrupt pending register 3
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
IntPnd64 to
IntPnd57
IntPnd56 to
IntPnd49
IntPnd48 to
IntPnd41
IntPnd41 to
IntPnd33
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Reserved (used when the number of message buffers is 65 or more)
Base-addr + B8H
CAN message validation register 1
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
MsgVal32 to
MsgVal25
MsgVal24 to
MsgVal17
MsgVal16 to
MsgVal9
MsgVal8 to
MsgVal1
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
CAN message validation register 4
Base-addr +B4H
+3
CAN interrupt pending register 4
CAN message validation register 2
Base-addr +B0H
+2
CAN message validation register 3
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
bit15 to bit8
bit7 to bit0
MsgVal64 to
MsgVal57
MsgVal56 to
MsgVal49
MsgVal48 to
MsgVal41
MsgVal40 to
MsgVal33
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
00000000B
Reserved (used when the number of message buffers is 65 or more)
The interrupt
pending register is
read only. (ch.1 of
MB91F467R)
−
The message
validation register is
read only.
The message
validation register is
read only. (ch.1 of
MB91F467R)
−
453
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Clock Prescaler Register
Table 16.3-4 Clock Prescaler Register
Register
Address
0004C0H
Initial value
454
Comment
+0
+1
+2
+3
CAN prescaler
register
−
−
−
bit3 to bit0
−
−
−
CANPRE[3:0]
−
−
−
00000000B
−
−
−
CAN prescaler
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4
CAN Register Functions
Address space of 256 bytes (64 words) is assigned to the CAN registers. The CPU
accesses to the message RAM via the message interface register.
This section lists the CAN registers and their detailed functions.
■ General Control Registers
• CAN control register (CTRLR)
• CAN status register (STATR)
• CAN error counter (ERRCNT)
• CAN bit timing register (BTR)
• CAN interrupt register (INTR)
• CAN test register (TESTR)
• CAN prescaler expansion register (BRPER)
■ Message Interface Registers
• IFx command request register (IFxCREQ)
• IFx command mask register (IFxCMSK)
• IFx mask registers 1, 2 (IFxMSK1, IFxMSK2)
• IFx arbitration registers 1, 2 (IFxARB1, IFxARB2)
• IFx message control register (IFxMCTR)
• IFx data registers A1, A2, B1, B2 (IFxDTA1, IFxDTA2, IFxDTB1, IFxDTB2)
■ Message Handler Registers
• CAN transmission request registers 1, 2 (TREQR1, TREQR2)
• CAN data update registers 1, 2 (NEWDT1, NEWDT2)
• CAN interrupt pending registers 1, 2 (INTPND1, INTPND2)
• CAN message validation registers 1, 2 (MSGVAL1, MSGVAL2)
■ Prescaler Register
CAN clock prescaler register (CANPRE)
455
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1
General Control Register
The general control registers control the CAN protocol and operation mode, and
provide status information.
■ General Control Registers
• CAN control register (CTRLR)
• CAN status register (STATR)
• CAN error counter (ERRCNT)
• CAN bit timing register (BTR)
• CAN interrupt register (INTR)
• CAN test register (TESTR)
• CAN prescaler expansion register (BRPER)
456
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1.1
CAN Control Register (CTRLR)
The CAN control register (CTRLR) controls the operation mode of the CAN controller.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-1 Bit Configuration of CAN Control Register (CTRLR)
CAN control register (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+00H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CAN control register (Low-order byte)
bit
7
Address: Base+01H
Test
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CCE
(R/W)
(0)
DAR
(R/W)
(0)
Reserved
EIE
(R/W)
(0)
SIE
(R/W)
(0)
IE
(R/W)
(0)
Init
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
■ Register Functions
[bit15 to bit8] Reserved: Reserved bits
"00000000B" is read from these bits.
To write a value to these bits, set "00000000B".
[bit7] Test: Test mode enable bit
Table 16.4-1 Test Mode Enable Bit
Test
Function
0
Normal operation [Initial value]
1
Test mode
[bit6] CCE: Bit timing register writing enable bit
Table 16.4-2 Bit Timing Register Writing Enable Bit
CCE
Function
0
Disables writing to the CAN bit timing register and CAN prescaler expansion register. [Initial value]
1
Enables writing to the CAN bit timing register and CAN prescaler expansion
register. This setting is valid when the Init bit is "1".
457
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit5] DAR: Automatic re-transmission disable bit
Table 16.4-3 Automatic Re-transmission Disable Bit
DAR
Function
0
Enables automatic re-transmission of a message when arbitration is lost or
an error is detected. [Initial value]
1
Disables automatic re-transmission of a message.
Based on the CAN specification (Refer to "ISO11898, 6.3.3 Recovery Management"), the CAN
controller automatically re-transmits a frame when arbitration is lost or an error is detected during
transmission. To enable the automatic re-transmission, reset the DAR bit to "0". To operate CAN in the
Time Triggered CAN (TTCAN, refer to "ISO11898-1") environment, you need to set the DAR bit to
"1".
In the mode where the DAR bit is set to "1", the operations of the TxRqst and NewDat bits in the
message object change as follows (For the message object, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".):
• When frame transmission starts, the TxRqst bit in the message object is reset to "0", whereas the
NewDat bit remains to be set.
• When frame transmission finishes successfully, NewDat is reset to "0".
• When an arbitration loss or an error is found in the transmission, NewDat remains to be set. To
resume transmission, you need to set TxRqst to "1" from the CPU.
[bit4] Reserved: Reserved bit
"0" is read from this bit.
To write a value to this bit, set "0".
[bit3] EIE: Error interrupt code enable bit
Table 16.4-4 Error Interrupt Code Enable Bit
458
EIE
Function
0
Disables the setting of the interrupt code to the CAN interrupt register
according to the change in the BOff or EWarn bit in the CAN status register.
[Initial value]
1
Enables the setting of the status interrupt code to the CAN interrupt register
according to the change in the BOff or EWarn bit in the CAN status register.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit2] SIE: Status interrupt code enable bit
Table 16.4-5 Status Interrupt Code Enable Bit
SIE
Function
0
Disables the setting of the interrupt code to the CAN interrupt register
according to the change in the TxOk, RxOk, or LEC bit in the CAN status
register. [Initial value]
1
Enables the setting of the status interrupt code to the CAN interrupt register
according to the change in the TxOk, RxOk, or LEC bit in the CAN status
register.
The change in the TxOk, RxOk, or LEC bit which occurred due to the writing from the CPU is not set in the CAN interrupt register.
[bit1] IE: Interrupt enable bit
Table 16.4-6 Interrupt Enable Bit
IE
Function
0
Disables the occurrence of an interrupt. [Initial value]
1
Enables the occurrence of an interrupt.
[bit0] Init: Initialization bit
Table 16.4-7 Initialization Bit
Init
Function
0
Enables the operation of the CAN controller.
1
Perform initialization. [Initial value]
• The bus-off recovery sequence (Refer to "CAN specification Rev. 2.0".) cannot be shortened by
setting/canceling the Init bit. When the device is set to bus-off, the CAN controller itself sets the Init
bit to "1" to stop all the bus operations. When the Init bit is cleared to "0" in the bus-off status, the
bus operation will be stopped until bus idle occurs 129 times continuously (11-bit recessive is
counted as one.). The error counter will be reset after the execution of the bus-off recovery sequence.
• Start writing to the CAN bit timing register after setting the Init and CCE bits to "1".
• Before changing to the low-power consumption mode (stop mode or clock mode), write "1" to the
INIT bit to initialize the CAN controller.
• To use the CAN prescaler to change the division ratio of the clock which is provided to the CAN
interface (CAN clock), set the INIT bit to "1" before changing the setting of the CAN prescaler
register.
459
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1.2
CAN Status Register (STATR)
The CAN status register (STATR) indicates the CAN status and CAN bus status.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-2 Bit Configuration of CAN Status Register (STATR)
CAN status register (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+02H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TxOk
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
LEC
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
CAN status register (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+03H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
BOff
(R)
(0)
EWarn EPass RxOk
(R)
(R)
(R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
■ Register Functions
[bit15 to bit8] Reserved: Reserved bits
"0" is read from these bits.
To write a value to this bit, set "0".
[bit7] BOff: Bus-off bit
Table 16.4-8 Bus-off Bit
BOff
Function
0
The CAN controller is not in the bus-off status (Bus Active). [Initial value]
1
The CAN controller is in the bus-off status.
[bit6] EWarn: Warning bit
Table 16.4-9 Warning Bit
EWarn
460
Function
0
Both the transmission and reception counters show a value lower than 96.
[Initial value]
1
Either the transmission or reception counter shows a value 96 or higher.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit5] EPass: Error passive bit
Table 16.4-10 Error Passive Bit
EPass
Function
0
Both the transmission and reception counters show a value lower than 128
(Error Active status). [Initial value]
1
The reception counter shows RP bit=1, and the transmission counter shows a
value 128 or higher (Error Passive status).
[bit4] RxOk: Message reception OK bit
Table 16.4-11 Message Reception OK Bit
RxOk
Function
0
The message reception is abnormal or in a bus idle status. [Initial value]
1
The message reception is normal.
[bit3] TxOk: Message transmission OK bit
Table 16.4-12 Message Transmission OK Bit
TxOk
Function
0
The message transmission is abnormal or in a bus idle status. [Initial value]
1
The message transmission is normal.
Note:
The RxOk and TxOk bits can be reset by the CPU only.
461
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit2 to bit0] LEC: Last error code bit
Table 16.4-13 Last Error Code Bit
LEC
000B
001B
010B
011B
100B
Status
Normal
Indicates that the message is transmitted or received
normally. [Initial value]
Stuff error
Indicates that dominant or recessive was detected in the
message for 6 bits or more consecutively.
Form error
Indicates that the fixed format section of the reception frame
was received in error.
Ack error
Indicates that the transmission message was not
acknowledged by other nodes.
Bit1 error
Indicates that dominant was detected in the transmission data
of a message other than the arbitration field even after
recessive was transmitted.
Bit0 error
Indicates that recessive was detected in the transmission data
of a message even after dominant was transmitted. During the
bus recovery, this bit is set every time 11-bit recessive is
detected. Reading this bit allows monitoring of the bus
recovery sequence.
CRC error
Indicates that the CRC data in the received message did not
match with the calculation result of the CRC data.
Undetected
When the read value of the LEC bit is "111B" after writing
"111B" to the LEC bit from the CPU, it indicates that no
transmission/reception was made during the period. (Bus Idle
status)
101B
110B
111B
Function
The LEC bit retains the code which indicates the last error occurred on the CAN bus. When the transfer
of a message (reception/transmission) is complete without an error, this bit is set to "000B". The
undetected code "111B" should be set by the CPU in order to check code updating.
• The status interrupt code (8000H) is set to the CAN interrupt register when the BOff or EWarn bit
changes while the EIE bit is "1", or when one of the RxOk, TxOk, and LEC bits changes while the
SIE bit is "1".
• Since the RxOk and TxOk bits are updated by writing to the CPU, the RxOK and TxOK bits set by
the CAN controller are not retained. To use the RxOk and TxOk bits, clear them within (45 × BT)
hours after either of RxOk or TxOk bit is set to "1". "BT" represents one bit time.
• When the SIE bit is set to "1" and an interrupt occurs due to the change of the LEC bit, do not write
a value to the CAN status register.
• Such interrupt will not occur due to the change of the EPass bit or the writing by the CPU to the
RxOk, TxOk, or LEC bit.
• Even when the BOff bit or EPass bit is set to "1", the EWarn bit is set to "1".
• Reading this register clears the status interrupt code ("8000H") of the CAN interrupt register.
462
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1.3
CAN Error Counter (ERRCNT)
The CAN error counter (ERRCNT) shows the reception error passive display as well as
the reception and transmission error counters.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-3 Bit Configuration of CAN Error Counter (ERRCNT)
CAN error counter register (High-order byte)
bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: Base+04H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
RP
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
REC6 to REC0
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
2
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CAN error counter register (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+05H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
(R)
(0)
6
(R)
(0)
5
(R)
(0)
4
3
TEC7 to TEC0
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
■ Register Functions
[bit15] RP: Reception error passive display
Table 16.4-14 Reception Error Passive Display
RP
Function
0
The reception error counter is not in the error passive status of the CAN
specification. [Initial value]
1
The reception error counter is in the error passive status of the CAN
specification.
[bit14 to bit8] REC6 to REC0: Reception error counter
The value of the reception error counter. The range of the value is 0 to 127.
[bit7 to bit0] TEC7 to TEC0: Transmission error counter
The value of the transmission error counter. The range of the value is 0 to 255.
463
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1.4
CAN Bit Timing Register (BTR)
The CAN bit timing register (BTR) sets the prescaler and bit timing.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-4 Bit Configuration of CAN Bit Timing Register (BTR)
CAN bit timing register (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+06H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
13
12
TSeg2
(R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(0)
11
10
9
(R)
(0)
TSeg1
(R)
(R)
(0)
(1)
8
(R)
(1)
CAN bit timing register (Low-order byte)
bit
7
6
Address: Base+07H
SJW
Read/Write → (R/W) (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(0)
5
(R/W)
(0)
4
(R/W)
(0)
3
2
BRP
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
1
0
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(1)
The CAN bit timing register and CAN prescaler expansion register must be set while the CCE and Init bits
in the CAN control register are set to "1".
464
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Register Functions
[bit15] Reserved: Reserved bit
"0" is read from this bit.
To write a value to this bit, set "0".
[bit14 to bit12] TSeg2: Time segment 2 setting bit
The valid setting values are 0 to 7. The value of TSeg2+1 will be time segment 2.
Time segment 2 corresponds to the phase buffer segment (PHASE_SEG2) of the CAN specification.
[bit11 to bit8] TSeg1: Time segment 1 setting bit
The valid setting values are 1 to 15. Setting "0" is prohibited. The value of TSeg1+1 will be time
segment 1.
Time segment 1 corresponds to the propagation segment (PROP_SEG) + phase buffer segment 1
(PHASE_SEG1) of the CAN specification.
[bit7, bit6] SJW: Resynchronization jump width setting bit
The valid setting values are 0 to 3. The value of SJW+1 will be the resynchronization jump width.
[bit5 to bit0] BRP: Baud rate prescaler setting bit
The valid setting values are 0 to 63. The value of BRP+1 will be the baud rate prescaler.
The frequency of the CAN clock (fsys) is divided to determine the basic unit hour (tq) of the CAN
controller.
465
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1.5
CAN Interrupt Register (INTR)
The CAN interrupt register (INTR) shows the message interrupt code and status
interrupt code.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-5 Bit Configuration of CAN Interrupt Register (INTR)
CAN interrupt register (High-order byte)
bit
15
14
13
Address: Base+08H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
12
11
IntId15 to IntId8
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
10
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
2
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CAN interrupt register (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+09H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
466
7
(R)
(0)
6
(R)
(0)
5
(R)
(0)
4
3
IntId7 to IntId0
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Register Functions
Table 16.4-15 Functions of CAN Interrupt Register (INTR)
IntId
Function
0000H
No interrupt
0001H to 0040H
Message interrupt code
(The interrupt factor is the message object No.)
(0021H to 0040H are available only for MB91F467R ch.1.)
0041H to 7FFFH
Not used
8000H
Status interrupt code
(Interrupt by the change of the CAN status register.)
8001H to FFFFH
Not used
When two or more interrupt codes are pending, the CAN interrupt register indicates the interrupt code of
the highest priority. Even if an interrupt code has been set to the CAN interrupt register, when an interrupt
code of higher priority is generated, the CAN interrupt register is updated to the interrupt code of higher
priority.
The interrupt code of the highest priority is the status interrupt code ("8000H"), followed by the message
interrupt codes ("0001H", "0002H", "0003H", ... , "0020H").
When the IntId bit is set to a value other than 0000H, and the IE bit in the CAN control register is set to "1",
the interrupt signal to the CPU becomes valid. When the value of the IntId bit is set to "0000H" (the
interrupt factor is reset) or the IE bit in the CAN control register is reset to "0", the interrupt signal becomes
invalid.
When the IntPnd bit in the corresponding message object (For details of the message object, refer to "16.4.3
Message Object".) is cleared to "0", the message interrupt code is cleared.
The status interrupt code is cleared when the CAN status register is read.
467
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1.6
CAN Test Register (TESTR)
The CAN test register (TESR) sets the test mode and monitors the RX pin. Refer to
"16.5.7 Test Mode" for the operation.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-6 Bit Configuration of CAN Test Register (TESTR)
CAN test register (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+0AH
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
CAN test register (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+0BH
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
4
3
2
Rx
(R)
(r)
Tx1
(R/W)
(0)
Tx0
(R/W)
(0)
LBack
(R/W)
(0)
Silent
(R/W)
(0)
Basic
(R/W)
(0)
Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
The initial value of the Rx in bit7 (r) shows the level on the CAN bus.
To write a value to the CAN test register (TESTR), do it after setting the Test bit in the CAN control
register (CTRLR) to "1". The test mode is enabled when the Test bit in the CAN control register is set to
"1". If the Test bit in the CAN control register is set to "0" during the test mode, the test mode is switched
to the normal mode.
■ Register Functions
[bit15 to bit8] Reserved: Reserved bits
"00000000B" is read from these bits.
To write a value to these bits, set "00000000B".
[bit7] Rx: Rx pin monitor bit
Table 16.4-16 Rx Pin Monitor Bit
Rx
468
Function
0
Indicates that the CAN bus is dominant.
1
Indicates that the CAN bus is recessive.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit6, bit5] Tx1, Tx0: TX pin control bit
Table 16.4-17 TX Pin Control Bit
Tx1, Tx0
Function
00B
Normal operation [Initial value]
01B
A sampling point is output to the Tx pin.
10B
Dominant is output to the Tx pin.
11B
Recessive is output to the Tx pin.
If the Tx bit is set to a value other than "00B", the message cannot be transmitted.
[bit4] LBack: Loop-back mode
Table 16.4-18 Loop-back Mode
LBack
Function
0
Disables the loop-back mode. [Initial value]
1
Enables the loop-back mode.
[bit3] Silent: Silent mode
Table 16.4-19 Silent Mode
Silent
Function
0
Disables the silent mode. [Initial value]
1
Enables the silent mode.
[bit2] Basic: Basic mode
Table 16.4-20 Basic Mode
Basic
Function
0
Disables the basic mode. [Initial value]
1
Enables the basic mode.
The IF1 register is used as a transmission message, and the IF2 register is used
as a reception message.
[bit1, bit0] Reserved: Reserved bits
"00B" is read from these bits.
To write a value to these bits, set "00B".
469
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.1.7
CAN Prescaler Expansion Register (BRPER)
When the CAN prescaler expansion register (BRPER) is combined with the prescaler
specified with the CAN bit timing register, the prescaler used by the CAN controller is
expanded.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-7 Bit Configuration of CAN Prescaler Expansion Register (BRPER)
CAN prescaler expansion register (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+0CH
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4
3
2
1
0
CAN prescaler expansion register (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+0DH
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
BRPE
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
■ Register Functions
[bit15 to bit4] Reserved: Reserved bits
"000000000000B" is read from these bits.
To write a value to these bits, set "000000000000B".
[bit3 to bit0] BRPE: Baud rate prescaler expansion bit
Combining BRP of the CAN bit timing register with BRPE allows the expansion of the baud rate
prescaler to 1023 at maximum.
The value of "{BRPE (MSB:4 bits), BRP (LSB:6 bits)} + 1" will be the prescaler value of the CAN
controller.
470
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.2
Message Interface Register
Two sets of message interface registers are available to control the access from the
CPU to the message RAM.
There are two sets of message interface registers used to control the access from the CPU to the message
RAM. These two sets of registers avoid the conflict of the access from the CPU and CAN controller to the
message RAM by buffering the transferred (or to-be-transferred) data (message object). The message
objects are transferred simultaneously between the message interface register and the message RAM (For
details of the message objects, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".).
Except for the basic test mode, the functions of the two sets of message interface registers are identical and
can be operated independently. For example, message interface register IF2 can be used for reading from
the message RAM, while message interface register IF1 is used for writing to the message RAM. Table
16.4-21 shows the two sets of message interface registers.
The message interface register consists of command registers (command request and command mask
registers) and message buffer register controlled by the command registers (mask, arbitration, message
control, and data registers). The command mask register indicates the direction of the data transfer and
which part of the message object is transferred. The command request register selects a message No. and
performs the operation specified with the command mask register.
Table 16.4-21 Message Interface Registers IF1 and IF2
Address
IF1 register set
Address
IF2 register set
Base + 10H
IF1 command request
Base + 40H
IF2 command request
Base + 12H
IF1 command mask
Base + 42H
IF2 command mask
Base + 14H
IF1 mask 2
Base + 44H
IF2 mask 2
Base + 16H
IF1 mask 1
Base + 46H
IF2 mask 1
Base + 18H
IF1 arbitration 2
Base + 48H
IF2 arbitration 2
Base + 1AH
IF1 arbitration 1
Base + 4AH
IF2 arbitration 1
Base + 1CH
IF1 message control
Base + 4CH
IF2 message control
Base + 20H
IF1 data A1
Base + 50H
IF2 data A1
Base + 22H
IF1 data A2
Base + 52H
IF2 data A2
Base + 24H
IF1 data B1
Base + 54H
IF2 data B1
Base + 26H
IF1 data B2
Base + 56H
IF2 data B2
471
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.2.1
IFx Command Request Register (IFxCREQ)
The IFx command request register (IFxCREQ) selects the message No. of the message
RAM, and controls the message transfer between the message RAM and message buffer
registers. In the basic test mode, IF1 is used for transmission control, and IF2 is used for
reception control.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-8 Bit Configuration of IFx Command Request Register (IFxCREQ)
IFx command request register (High-order byte)
Address: Base+10H
bit15
14
13
Base+40H BUSY Reserved Reserved
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
IFx command request register (Low-order byte)
Address: Base+11H
bit7
6
5
Base+41H Reserved
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
12
11
10
9
8
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4
3
2
1
0
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
Message Number
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
■ Register Functions
As soon as a message No. is written to the IFx command request register, message transfer starts between
the message RAM and message buffer registers (mask, arbitration, message control, and data registers).
This writing operation sets the BUSY bit to "1" to indicate the transfer is being processed. When the
transfer finishes, the BUSY bit is reset to "0".
When the CPU makes access to the message interface register while the BUSY bit is "1", the CPU is set to
wait until the BUSY bit is set to "0" (for 3- to 6-cycle period counted by the clock after the command
request register is written).
The usage of the BUSY bit is different in the basic test mode. The IF1 command request register is used as
a transmission message. When the BUSY bit is set to "1", the register directs to start message transmission.
When the message transfer finishes successfully, the BUSY bit is reset to "0". The message transfer can be
discontinued any time by resetting the BUSY bit to "0".
The IF2 command request register is used as a reception message. When the BUSY bit is set to "1", the
received message is stored into the IF2 message interface register.
472
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit15] BUSY: Busy flag bit
• In the mode other than the basic test mode
Table 16.4-22 Busy Flag Bit
BUSY
Function
0
Indicates that data transfer is not performed between the message interface
register and message RAM. [Initial value]
1
Indicates that data transfer is being performed between the message interface
register and message RAM.
• In the basic test mode
- IF1 command request register
Table 16.4-23 Busy Flag Bit
BUSY
Function
0
Disables message transmission.
1
Enables message transmission.
- IF2 command request register
Table 16.4-24 Busy Flag Bit
BUSY
Function
0
Disables message reception.
1
Enables message reception.
The BUSY bit is readable and writable. In the mode other than the basic test mode, writing any value to
this bit does not affect the operation (For details of the basic mode, refer to "16.5.7 Test Mode").
[bit14 to bit7] Reserved: Reserved bits
"00000000B" is read from these bits.
To write a value to these bits, set "00000000B".
473
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit5 to bit0] Message Number: Message No. (ch.0 of MB91461, MB91F467R)
Table 16.4-25 Message No. (ch.0 of MB91461, MB91F467R)
Message
Number
Function
00H
Setting disabled.
When this value is set, it is interpreted as "20H", and message "20H"
will be read.
01H to 20H
The specified message No. will be processed.
21H to 3FH
Setting disabled.
When one of these values is set, it is interpreted as "01H" to "1FH",
and the message of the corresponding number will be read.
[bit6 to bit0] Message Number: Message No. (ch.1 of MB91F467R)
Table 16.4-26 Message No. (ch.1 of MB91F467R)
Message
Number
474
Function
00H
Setting disabled.
When this value is set, it is interpreted as "20H", and message "20H"
will be read.
01H to 40H
The specified message No. will be processed.
41H to 7FH
Setting disabled.
When one of these values is set, it is interpreted as "01H" to "3FH",
and the message of the corresponding number will be read.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.2.2
IFx Command Mask Register (IFxCMSK)
The IFx command mask register (IFxCMSK) controls the direction of the data transfer
between the message interface register and message RAM, and specifies the data to be
updated. In the basic test mode, the setting of this register is invalid.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-9 Bit Configuration of IFx Command Mask Register (IFxCMSK)
IFx command mask register (High-order byte)
Address: Base+12H
bit15
14
13
Base+42H Reserved Reserved Reserved
Read/Write →
Initial value →
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
11
10
9
8
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
(R)
(0)
IFx command mask register (Low-order byte)
Address: Base+13H
bit7
6
5
Base+43H
WR/RD Mask
Arb
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
12
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4
3
2
1
0
Control
CIP
TxRqst/
NewDat
Data A Data B
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
In the basic test mode, the setting of this register is invalid.
■ Register Functions
[bit15 to bit8] Reserved: Reserved bits
"00000000B" is read from these bits.
To write a value to these bits, set "00000000B".
[bit7] WR/RD: Write/read control bit
Table 16.4-27 Write/read Control Bit
WR/RD
Function
0
Indicates that data is read from the message RAM. The reading from the
message RAM is triggered by writing a message No. to the IFx command
request register. The data read from the message RAM depends on the
settings of the Mask, Arb, Control, CIP, TxRqst/NewDat, Data A, and Data
B bits. [Initial value]
1
Indicates that data is written to the message RAM. The writing to the
message RAM is triggered by writing a message No. to the IFx command
request register. The data written to the message RAM depends on the
settings of the Mask, Arb, Control, CIP, TxRqst/NewDat, Data A, and Data
B bits.
475
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
After reset, the data in the message RAM is indeterminate. It is prohibited to read the data in the
message RAM when the data is indeterminate.
The meanings of bit6 to bit0 of the IFx command mask register vary depending on the transfer direction
setting (WR/RD bit).
● When the transfer direction is "write" (WR/RD=1)
[bit6] Mask: Mask data update bit
Table 16.4-28 Mask Data Update Bit
Mask
Function
0
Do not update the mask data (ID mask + MDir + MXtd) of the message
object.* [Initial value]
1
Update the mask data (ID mask + MDir + MXtd) of the message object.*
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit5] Arb: Arbitration data update bit
Table 16.4-29 Arbitration Data Update Bit
Arb
Function
0
Do not update the arbitration data (ID + Dir + Xtd + MsgVal) of the message
object.* [Initial value]
1
Update the arbitration data (ID + Dir + Xtd + MsgVal) of the message
object.*
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit4] Control: Control data update bit
Table 16.4-30 Control Data Update Bit
Control
Function
0
Do not update the control data (IFx message control register) of the message
object.* [Initial value]
1
Update the control data (IFx message control register) of the message
object.*
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit3] CIP: Interrupt clear bit
Setting either "0" or "1" to this bit does not affect the operation of the CAN controller.
476
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit2] TxRqst/NewDat: Message transmission request bit
Table 16.4-31 Message Transmission Request Bit
TxRqst/NewDat
Function
0
Set "0" to the TxRqst bits in the message object* and the CAN
transmission request register. [Initial value]
1
Set "1" to the TxRqst bits in the message object* and the CAN
transmission request register. (Transmission request)
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
When the TxRqst/NewDat bit in the IFx command mask register is set to "1", the setting of the TxRqst bit
in the IFx message control register is invalid.
[bit1] Data A: Data0 to Data3 update bit
Table 16.4-32 Data0 to Data3 Update Bit
Data A
Function
0
Do not update data 0 to 3 of the message object.* [Initial value]
1
Update data 0 to 3 of the message object.*
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit0] Data B: Data4 to Data7 update bit
Table 16.4-33 Data4 to Data7 Update Bit
Data B
Function
0
Do not update data 4 to 7 of the message object.* [Initial value]
1
Update data 4 to 7 of the message object.*
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
477
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
● When the transfer direction is "read" (WR/RD=0)
The IntPnd and NewDat bits can be reset to "0" by the read access to the message object. In the IntPnd and
NewDat bits in the IFx message control register, however, the values of IntPnd and NewDat bits before the
reset by the read access are stored.
These settings are invalid in the basic test mode.
[bit6] Mask: Mask data update bit
Table 16.4-34 Mask Data Update Bit
Mask
Function
0
Do not transfer data (ID mask + MDir + MXtd) from the message object * to
IFx mask register 1/2. [Initial value]
1
Transfer data (ID mask + MDir + MXtd) from the message object * to IFx
mask register 1/2.
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit5] Arb: Arbitration data update bit
Table 16.4-35 Arbitration Data Update Bit
Arb
Function
0
Do not transfer data (ID + Dir + Xtd + MsgVal) from the message object * to
IFx arbitration register 1/2. [Initial value]
1
Transfer data (ID + Dir + Xtd + MsgVal) from the message object * to IFx
arbitration register 1/2.
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit4] Control: Control data update bit
Table 16.4-36 Control Data Update Bit
Control
478
Function
0
Do not transfer data from the message object * to the IFx message control
register. [Initial value]
1
Transfer data from the message object * to the IFx message control register.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit3] CIP: Interrupt clear bit
Table 16.4-37 Interrupt Clear Bit
CIP
Function
0
Retain the IntPnd bits in the message object * and the CAN interrupt
pending register. [Initial value]
1
Clear the IntPnd bits in the message object * and the CAN interrupt pending
register to "0".
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit2] TxRqst/NewDat: Data update bit
Table 16.4-38 Data Update Bit
TxRqst/NewDat
Function
0
Retain the NewDat bits in the message object * and the CAN data
update register. [Initial value]
1
Clear the NewDat bits in the message object * and the CAN data
update register to "0".
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit1] Data A: Data0 to Data3 update bit
Table 16.4-39 Data0 to Data3 Update Bit
Data A
Function
0
Retain the data of the message object * and CAN data register A1/A2.
[Initial value]
1
Update the data of the message object * and CAN data register A1/A2.
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
[bit0] Data B: Data4 to Data7 update bit
Table 16.4-40 Data4 to Data7 Update Bit
Data B
Function
0
Retain the data of the message object * and CAN data register B1/B2. [Initial
value]
1
Update the data of the message object * and CAN data register B1/B2.
*: Refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
479
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.2.3
IFx Mask Registers 1, 2 (IFxMSK1, IFxMSK2)
The IFx mask registers (IFxMSK1, IFxMSK2) are used to write/read the message object
mask data to/from the message RAM. In the basic test mode, the mask data being set is
invalid.
For the functions of each bit, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-10 Bit Configuration of IFx Mask Registers 1, 2 (IFxMSK1, IFxMSK2)
IFx mask register 2 (High-order byte)
Address: Base+14H
bit15
14
Base+44H
MXtd MDir
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
IFx mask register 2 (Low-order byte)
Address: Base+15H
bit7
6
Base+45H
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
IFx mask register 1 (High-order byte)
Address: Base+16H
bit15
14
Base+46H
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
IFx mask register 1 (Low-order byte)
Address: Base+17H
bit7
6
Base+47H
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
13
12
Reserved
(R)
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
5
4
(R/W)
(1)
13
(R/W)
(1)
5
(R/W)
(1)
11
10
Msk28 to Msk24
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3
2
11
3
Msk7 to Msk0
(R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
0
(R/W)
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
9
8
(R/W)
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
2
1
0
(R/W)
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
(R/W)
(1)
10
Msk15 to Msk8
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4
8
1
Msk23 to Msk16
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(1)
(1)
12
9
For the description of each bit in the IFx mask register, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
"1" is read from the reserved bit in the register (bit13 of IFx mask register 2). To write a value to this bit,
write "1".
480
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.2.4
IFx Arbitration Registers 1, 2 (IFxARB1, IFxARB2)
The IFx arbitration registers (IFxARB1, IFxARB2) are used to write/read the message object
arbitration data to/from the message RAM. The setting of this register is invalid in the basic
test mode.
For the functions of each bit, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-11 Bit Configuration of IFx Arbitration Registers 1, 2 (IFxARB1, IFxARB2)
IFx arbitration register 2 (High-order byte)
Address: Base+18H
bit15
14
Base+48H MsgVal
Xtd
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
IFx arbitration register 2 (Low-order byte)
Address: Base+19H
bit7
6
Base+49H
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
IFx arbitration register 1 (High-order byte)
Address: Base+1AH
bit15
14
Base+4AH
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
IFx arbitration register 1 (Low-order byte)
Address: Base+1BH
bit7
6
Base+4BH
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
13
12
Dir
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
5
4
(R/W)
(0)
13
(R/W)
(0)
5
(R/W)
(0)
11
3
11
ID15 to ID8
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
4
9
ID28 to ID24
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
ID23 to ID16
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
12
10
3
ID7 to ID0
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
8
(R/W)
(0)
2
1
0
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
10
9
8
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
2
1
0
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
For the description of each bit in the IFx arbitration register, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
When the MsgVal bit in the message object is cleared to "0" during transmission, the TxOk bit in the CAN
status register is set to "1" at the completion of the transmission. However, the TxRqst bits in the message
object and the CAN transmission request register are not cleared to "0". In such a case, use the message
interface register to clear the TxRqst bits to "0".
481
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.2.5
IFx Message Control Register (IFxMCTR)
The IFx message control register (IFxMCTR) is used to write/read the message object
control data to/from the message RAM. In the basic test mode, the IF1 message control
register is disabled. The NewDat and MsgLst bits in the IF2 message control register
operate normally, and the DLC bit shows DLC of the received message. The other control
bits operate as invalid ("0").
For the functions of each bit, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-12 Bit Configuration of IFx Message Control Register (IFxMCTR)
IFx message control register (High-order byte)
Address: Base+1CH
bit15
14
13
12
11
Base+4CH NewDat MsgLst IntPnd UMask TxIE
Read/Write → (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
IFx message control register (Low-order byte)
Address: Base+1DH
bit7
6
5
Base+4DH
EoB Reserved Reserved
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4
3
Reserved
(R)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
10
9
8
RxIE RmtEn TxRqst
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
2
1
DLC3 to DLC0
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
0
(R/W)
(0)
For the description of each bit in the IFx message control register, refer to "16.4.3 Message Object".
The TxRqst, NewDat, and IntPnd bits operate as follows depending on the setting of the WR/RD bit in the
IFx command mask register.
● When the transfer direction is "write" (IFx command mask register: WR/RD=1)
The TxRqst bit in this register is enabled only when the TxRqst/NewDat bit in the IFx command mask
register is set to "0".
● When the transfer direction is "read" (IFx command mask register: WR/RD=0)
When the CIP bit in the IFx command mask register is set to "1", and the IntPnd bits in the message object
and CAN interrupt pending register are reset by writing a message No. to the IFx command request
register, the value of the IntPnd bit before the reset is stored in this register.
When the TxRqst/NewDat bit in the IFx command mask register is set to "1", and the NewDat bits in the
message object and CAN data update register are reset by writing a message No. to the IFx command
request register, the value of the NewDat bit before the reset is stored in this register.
482
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.2.6
IFx Data Registers A1, A2, B1, B2
(IFxDTA1, IFxDTA2, IFxDTB1, IFxDTB2)
The IFx data registers (IFxDTA1, IFxDTA2, IFxDTAB1, IFXDTB2) are used to write/read
the message object's transmission data to/from the message RAM. These registers are
used for the transmission of data frames only, and not used for the transmission of
remote frames.
■ Register Configuration
Table 16.4-41 Register Configuration
addr+0
addr+1
addr+2
addr+3
IFx message data register A1 (Address: 20H & 50H)
Data (0)
Data (1)
-
-
IFx message data register A2 (Address: 22H & 52H)
-
-
Data (2)
Data (3)
IFx message data register B1 (Address: 24H & 54H)
Data (4)
Data (5)
-
-
Data (6)
Data (7)
IFx message data register B2 (Address: 26H & 56H)
IFx message data register A2 (Address: 30H & 60H)
Data (3)
Data (2)
-
-
IFx message data register A1 (Address: 32H & 62H)
-
-
Data (1)
Data (0)
IFx message data register B2 (Address: 34H & 64H)
Data (7)
Data (6)
-
-
IFx message data register B1 (Address: 36H & 66H)
-
-
Data (5)
Data (4)
Figure 16.4-13 Bit Configuration of IFx Data Register
IFx data register
bit
15
7
Read/Write → (R/W)
Initial value →
(0)
14
6
(R/W)
(0)
13
5
(R/W)
(0)
12
4
11
3
Data
(R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
10
2
9
1
8
0
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
■ Register Functions
● Transmission message data setting
The setting data is sent from MSB (bit7, bit15), and in the order of Data (0), Data (1), ... , Data (7).
● Reception message data
The reception message data is stored from MSB (bit7, bit15), and in the order of Data (0), Data (1), ... ,
Data (7).
If the reception message data is less than 8 bytes, the data stored in the remaining byte(s) in the data
register will be indeterminate.
The data transfer to the message object is processed in the unit of 4 bytes of Data A or Data B.
Consequently, it is impossible to update only the part of data in the 4 bytes.
483
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.3
Message Object
The message RAM contains 32 (128 in some types) message objects. To avoid the
conflict of the accesses from the CPU and CAN controller to the message RAM, the CPU
cannot directly access to the message object. These accesses are made via the IFx
message interface register.
This section describes the configuration and functions of the message object.
■ Configuration of the Message Object
Table 16.4-42 Message Object
UMask
Msk28 to
Msk0
MsgVal ID28 to ID0
MXtd
MDir
Xtd
Dir
EoB
NewDat
DLC3 to
Data0
DLC0
Data1
MsgLst
RxIE
TxIE
IntPnd
RmtEn TxRqst
Data2
Data3
Data4
Data5
Data6
Data7
Note:
The message object cannot be initialized by setting the Init bit in the CAN control register or by
hardware reset. After using hardware reset, cancel the reset and then initialize the message RAM by
the CPU or set MsgVal of the message RAM to "0".
■ Functions of the Message Object
The ID28 to ID0, Xtd, and Dir bits are used to specify the ID and message type when a message is sent.
When a message is received, they are used by the acceptance filter together with the Msk28 to Msk0,
MXtd, and MDir bits.
The data frame or remote frame which passed the acceptance filter is stored in the message object. The
value of Xtd expresses that the frame is an expansion frame or a standard frame. When Xtd is "1", 29-bit ID
(expansion frame) is received. When Xtd is "0", 11-bit ID (standard frame) is received.
If the received data frame or remote frame matches with one or more message objects, it is stored in the
matching message object which has the smallest message No. For details, refer to "Acceptance filter for
reception messages" in "16.5.3 Message Reception Operation".
484
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
MsgVal: Message validation bit
Table 16.4-43 Message Validation Bit
MsgVal
Function
0
The message object is invalid.
The message cannot be transmitted or received.
1
The message object is valid.
The message can be transmitted or received.
• During the initialization process before the Init bit in the CAN control register is reset to "0", reset
the MsgVal bits in all unused message objects from the CPU.
• Be sure to reset the MsgVal bit to "0" before changing the values of ID28 to ID0, Xtd, Dir, and
DLC3 to DLC0, or when the message object is not required.
• When the MsgVal bit is cleared to "0" during transmission, the TxOk bit in the CAN status register
is set to "1" at the completion of the transmission. However, the TxRqst bits in the message object
and the CAN transmission request register are not cleared to "0". In such a case, use the message
interface register to clear the TxRqst bits to "0".
UMask: Acceptance mask enable bit
Table 16.4-44 Acceptance Mask Enable Bit
UMask
Function
0
Do not use Msk28 to Msk0, MXtd, and MDir.
1
Use Msk28 to Msk0, MXtd, and MDir.
• Change the UMask bit when the Init bit in the CAN control register is "1", or when the MsgVal bit is
"0".
• When the Dir bit is "1" and the RmtEn bit is "0", the operation varies depending on the UMask
setting.
• When UMask is set to "1", TxRqst bit is reset to "0" after a remote frame which passed the
acceptance filter is received. The received ID, IDE, RTR, and DLC are stored in the message object,
the NewDat bit is set to "1", and the data is not changed (The remote frame is treated as if it is a data
frame).
• When UMask is "0", the value of the TxRqst bit is retained even when a remote frame is received.
The remote frame is ignored.
ID28 to ID0: Message ID
Table 16.4-45 Message ID
ID28 to ID0
Function
ID28 to ID0
Specifies 29-bit ID (expansion frame).
ID28 to ID18
Specifies 11-bit ID (standard frame).
485
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
Msk28 to Msk0: ID mask
Table 16.4-46 ID Mask
Msk
Function
0
Mask the bit which corresponds to the ID of the message object.
1
Do not mask the bit which corresponds to the ID of the message object.
When 11-bit ID (standard frame) is specified to the message object, the ID of the received data frame is
written to ID28 to ID18. Msk 28 to Msk 18 are used for the ID mask.
Xtd: Expansion ID enable bit
Table 16.4-47 Expansion ID Enable Bit
Xtd
Function
0
The message object is 11-bit ID (standard frame).
1
The message object is 29-bit ID (expansion frame).
MXtd: Expansion ID mask bit
Table 16.4-48 Expansion ID Mask Bit
MXtd
Function
0
Mask the expansion ID bit (IDE) by the acceptance filter.
1
Do not mask the expansion ID bit (IDE) by the acceptance filter.
Dir: Message direction bit
Table 16.4-49 Message Direction Bit
Dir
486
Function
0
Indicates the direction of the reception.
When TxRqst is set to "1", a remote frame is transmitted. When TxRqst is
set to "0", the data frame which passed the acceptance filter is received.
1
Indicates the direction of the transmission.
When TxRqst is set to "1", a data frame is transmitted. When TxRqst is set to
"0" and RmtEn is set to "1", the remote frame which passed the acceptance
filter is received, and TxRqst is set to "1" by the CAN controller itself.
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
MDir: Message direction mask bit
Table 16.4-50 Message Direction Mask Bit
MDir
Function
0
Mask the message direction bit (Dir) by the acceptance filter.
1
Do not mask the message direction bit (Dir) by the acceptance filter.
Note:
Set the MDir bit to "1" at all times.
EoB: End of buffer bit (For details, refer to "16.5.4 FIFO Buffer Function".)
Table 16.4-51 End of Buffer Bit
EoB
Function
0
The message object is used as an FIFO buffer, and it is not the final
message.
1
The message object is single or the final message object in an FIFO buffer.
The EoB bit is used to configure an FIFO buffer of 2 to 32 messages.
To use a single message object (do not use FIFO), be sure to set the EoB bit to "1".
NewDat: Data update bit
Table 16.4-52 Data Update Bit
NewDat
Function
0
No valid data exists.
1
Valid data exists.
MsgLst: Message lost
Table 16.4-53 Message Lost
MsgLst
Function
0
Message was not lost.
1
Message was lost.
The MsgLst bit is enabled only when the Dir bit is set to "0" (reception).
487
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
RxIE: Reception interrupt flag enable bit
Table 16.4-54 Reception Interrupt Flag Enable Bit
RxIE
Function
0
Do not change the value of IntPnd after a successful frame reception.
1
Set IntPnd to "1" after a successful frame reception.
TxIE: Transmission interrupt flag enable bit
Table 16.4-55 Transmission Interrupt Flag Enable Bit
TxIE
Function
0
Do not change the value of IntPnd after a successful frame transmission.
1
Set IntPnd to "1" after a successful frame transmission.
IntPnd: Interrupt pending bit
Table 16.4-56 Interrupt Pending Bit
IntPnd
Function
0
No interrupt factor exists.
1
Interrupt factor exists.
If there is no other interrupts which have higher priority, the IntId bit in the
CAN interrupt register points to this message object.
RmtEn: Remote enable
Table 16.4-57 Remote Enable
RmtEn
Function
0
The value of TxRqst is not changed when a remote frame is received.
1
TxRqst is set to "1" when the Dir bit is "1" and a remote frame is received.
When the Dir bit is "1" and the RmtEn bit is "0", the operation varies depending on the UMask setting.
• When UMask is set to "1", TxRqst bit is reset to "0" after a remote frame which passed the
acceptance filter is received. The received ID, IDE, RTR, and DLC are stored in the message object,
the NewDat bit is set to "1", and the data is not changed. (The remote frame is treated as if it is a data
frame.)
• When UMask is "0", the value of the TxRqst bit is retained even when a remote frame is received.
The remote frame is ignored.
488
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
TxRqst: Transmission request bit
Table 16.4-58 Transmission Request Bit
TxRqst
Function
0
Transmission idle status (neither during transmission nor in the transmission
standby status).
1
During transmission or in the transmission standby status.
DLC3 to DLC0: Data length code
Table 16.4-59 Data Length Code
DLC3 to DLC0
Function
0 to 8
The data frame length is 0 to 8 bytes.
9 to 15
Setting disabled.
Setting these values is assumed to be 8-byte length.
When a data frame is received, the DLC bit stores the received DLC.
Data0 to Data7: Data0 to Data7
Table 16.4-60 Data0 to Data7
Data0 to Data7
Function
Data 0
The 1st data byte of a CAN data frame
Data 1
The 2nd data byte of a CAN data frame
Data 2
The 3rd data byte of a CAN data frame
Data 3
The 4th data byte of a CAN data frame
Data 4
The 5th data byte of a CAN data frame
Data 5
The 6th data byte of a CAN data frame
Data 6
The 7th data byte of a CAN data frame
Data 7
The 8th data byte of a CAN data frame
• The serial output to the CAN bus is output from MSB (bit7 or bit15).
• If the reception message data is less than 8 bytes, the data stored in the remaining byte(s) in the data
register will be indeterminate.
• The data transfer to the message object is processed in the unit of 4 bytes of Data A or Data B.
Consequently, it is impossible to update only the part of data in the 4 bytes.
489
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.4
Message Handler Register
All message handler registers are read only. The TxRqst, NewDat, IntPnd, MsgVal, and
IntId bits in the message object show the status of the object.
■ Message Handler Register
• CAN transmission request registers 1, 2 (TREQR1, TREQR2)
• CAN data update registers 1, 2 (NEWDT1, NEWDT2)
• CAN interrupt pending registers 1, 2 (INTPND1, INTPND2)
• CAN message validation registers 1, 2 (MSGVAL1, MSGVAL2)
490
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.4.1
CAN Transmission Request Register
(TREQR1, TREQR2)
The CAN transmission request register (TREQR1, TREQR2) shows the status of the
TxRqst bit in every message object. By reading the TxRqst bit, you can check which
message object has a pending transmission request.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-14 Bit Configuration of CAN Transmission Request Register (TREQR1, TREQR2)
CAN transmission request register 2 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+80H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
TxRqst32 to TxRqst25
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CAN transmission request register 2 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+81H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
5
4
3
2
TxRqst24 to TxRqst17
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN transmission request register 1 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+82H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
12
11
10
TxRqst16 to TxRqst9
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN transmission request register 1 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+83H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
(R)
(0)
6
(R)
(0)
5
4
3
2
TxRqst8 to TxRqst1
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
491
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Register Functions
TxRqst32 to TxRqst1: Transmission request bit
Table 16.4-61 Transmission Request Bit
TxRqst
Function
0
Transmission idle status (neither during transmission nor in the transmission
standby status).
1
During transmission or in the transmission standby status.
The set/reset condition of the TxRqst bit is as follows:
• Set condition
- When the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD is set to "1", and its TxRqst is set to "1", the
TxRqst bit in a specific object can be set by writing a message No. to the IFx command request
register.
- When the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD is set to "1", its TxRqst is set to "0", and the IFx
message control register’s TxRqst is set to "1", the TxRqst bit in a specific object can be set by
writing a message No. to the IFx command request register.
- The TxRqst bit is set when the Dir bit is set to "1", the RmtEn bit to "1", and a remote frame
which passed the acceptance filter is received.
• Reset condition
- When the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD is set to "1", its TxRqst is set to "0", and the IFx
message control register’s TxRqst is set to "0", the TxRqst bit in a specific object can be reset by
writing a message No. to the IFx command request register.
- The TxRqst bit is reset when the frame transmission finishes successfully.
- When Dir is set to "1", RmtEn is set to "0", and UMask is set to "1", the TxRqst bit is reset by the
reception of a remote frame which passed the acceptance filter.
MB91F467R ch.1 has the following registers.
Table 16.4-62 Ch.1 Transmission Request Bits (only MB91F467R)
492
Register
name
Configuration
bit
addr + 0
addr + 1
addr + 2
addr + 3
TREQR4,
TREQR3
TxRqst64 to
TxRqst33
(address 84H)
TxRqst64 to
TxRqst57
TxRqst56 to
TxRqst49
TxRqst48 to
TxRqst41
TxRqst40 to
TxRqst33
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.4.2
CAN Data Update Register (NEWDT1, NEWDT2)
The CAN data update register (NEWDT1, NEWDT2) shows the status of the NewDat bit
in every message object. By reading the NewDat bit, you can check which message
object has an updated data.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-15 Bit Configuration of CAN Data Update Register (NEWDT1, NEWDT2)
CAN data update register 2 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+90H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
NewDat32 to NewDat25
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CAN data update register 2 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+91H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
5
4
3
2
NewDat24 to NewDat17
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN data update register 1 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+92H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
NewDat16 to NewDat9
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN data update register 1 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+93H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4
3
2
NewDat8 to NewDat1
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
493
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Register Functions
NewDat32 to NewDat1: Data update bit
Table 16.4-63 Data Update Bit
NewDat32 to NewDat1
Function
0
No valid data exists.
1
Valid data exists.
The set/reset condition of the NewDat bit is as follows:
• Set condition
- When the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD is set to "1", and the IFx message control
register’s NewDat is set to "1", the NewDat bit in a specific object can be set by writing a
message No. to the IFx command request register.
- The NewDat bit is set when a data frame which passed the acceptance filter is received.
- When Dir is set to "1", RmtEn is set to "0", and UMask is set to "1", the NewDat bit is set by the
reception of a remote frame which passed the acceptance filter.
• Reset condition
- When the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD is set to "0", and its NewDat is set to "1", the
NewDat bit in a specific object can be reset and by writing a message No. to the IFx command
request register.
- When the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD to "1", and the IFx message control register’s
NewDat is set to "0", the NewDat bit in a specific object can be reset by writing a message No. to
the IFx command request register.
- The NewDat bit is reset after data has been transferred to the transmitting shift register (internal
register).
MB91F467R ch.1 has the following registers.
Table 16.4-64 Ch.1 Data Update Bits (only MB91F467R)
494
Register
name
Configuration
bit
addr + 0
addr + 1
addr + 2
addr + 3
NEWDT4,
NEWDT3
NewDat64 to
NewDat33
(address 94H)
NewDat64 to
NewDat57
NewDat56 to
NewDat49
NewDat48 to
NewDat41
NewDat40 to
NewDat33
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.4.3
CAN Interrupt Pending Register (INTPND1, INTPND2)
The CAN interrupt pending register (INTPND1, INTPND2) shows the status of the IntPnd
bit in every message object. By reading the IntPnd bit, you can check which message
object has a pending interrupt.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-16 Bit Configuration of CAN Interrupt Pending Register (INTPND1, INTPND2)
CAN interrupt pending register 2 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+A0H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
12
11
10
IntPnd32 to IntPnd25
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CAN interrupt pending register 2 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+A1H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4
3
2
IntPnd24 to IntPnd17
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN interrupt pending register 1 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+A2H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
12
11
10
IntPnd16 to IntPnd9
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN interrupt pending register 1 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+A3H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4
3
2
IntPnd8 to IntPnd1
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
495
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Register Functions
IntPnd32 to IntPnd1: Interrupt pending bit
Table 16.4-65 Interrupt Pending Bit
IntPnd32 to IntPnd1
Function
0
No interrupt factor exists.
1
Interrupt factor exists.
The set/reset condition of the IntPnd bit is as follows:
• Set condition
- When TxIE is set to "1", this bit is set by the successful completion of frame transmission.
- When RxIE is set to "1", this bit is set by the successful completion of the reception of a frame
which passed the acceptance filter.
• Reset condition
- When the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD is set to "1", and its IntPnd is set to "1", the
IntPnd bit in a specific object can be reset by writing a message No. to the IFx command request
register.
Channel 1 on MB91F467R has the following registers.
Table 16.4-66 Ch.1 Interrupt Pending Bits (only MB91F467R)
496
Register
name
Configuration
bit
addr + 0
addr + 1
addr + 2
addr + 3
INTPND4,
INTPND3
IntPnd64 to
IntPnd33
(address A4H)
IntPnd64 to
IntPnd57
IntPnd56 to
IntPnd49
IntPnd48 to
IntPnd41
IntPnd40 to
IntPnd33
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.4.4
CAN Message Validation Register
(MSGVAL1, MSGVAL2)
The CAN message validation register (MSGVAL1, MSGVAL2) shows the status of the
MsgVal bit in every message object. By reading the MsgVal bit, you can check which
message object is valid.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-17 Bit Configuration of CAN Message Validation Register (MSGVAL1, MSGVAL2)
CAN message validation register 2 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+B0H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
11
10
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
MsgVal32 to MsgVal25
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
9
8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
1
0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CAN message validation register 2 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+B1H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
5
4
3
2
MsgVal24 to MsgVal17
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN message validation register 1 (High-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+B2H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
12
11
10
MsgVal16 to MsgVal9
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CAN message validation register 1 (Low-order byte)
bit
Address: Base+B3H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
(R)
(0)
6
(R)
(0)
5
4
3
2
MsgVal8 to MsgVal1
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
497
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Register Functions
MsgVal32 to MsgVal1: Message validation bit
Table 16.4-67 Message Validation Bit
MsgVal32 to MsgVal1
Function
0
The message object is invalid.
The message cannot be transmitted or received.
1
The message object is valid.
The message can be transmitted or received.
The set/reset condition of the MsgVal bit is as follows:
• Set condition
The MsgVal bit in a specific object can be set by setting IFx arbitration register 2’s MsgVal to "1"
and writing a message No. to the IFx command request register.
• Reset condition
The MsgVal bit in a specific object can be reset by setting IFx arbitration register 2’s MsgVal to "0"
and writing a message No. to the IFx command request register.
Channel 1 on MB91F467R has the following registers.
Table 16.4-68 Ch.1 Message Validation Bits (only MB91F467R)
498
Register
name
Configuration
bit
addr + 0
addr + 1
addr + 2
addr + 3
MSGVAL4,
MSGVAL3
MsgVal64 to
MsgVal33
(address A4H)
MsgVal64 to
MsgVal57
MsgVal56 to
MsgVal49
MsgVal48 to
MsgVal41
MsgVal40 to
MsgVal33
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.4.5
CAN Prescaler Register (CANPRE)
The CAN prescaler register (CANPRE) selects the clock source for the CAN prescaler
and defines the division ratio of the CAN clock provided to the CAN interface. Before
changing the value of this register, set the initialization bit (Init) of the CAN control
register (CTRLR) to "1" and stop the operation of all buses.
■ Register Configuration
Figure 16.4-18 Bit Configuration of CAN Prescaler Register (CANPRE)
CAN prescaler register
bit
Address: ch.0 00C000H
ch.1 00C100H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
15
14
13
12
Reserved Reserved CPCKS1 CPCKS0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
11
10
9
8
DVC3
DVC2
DVC1
DVC0
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
■ Register Functions
[bit15, bit14] Reserved: Reserved bits
"00B" is read from these bits.
Writing to these bits is not reflected to the register.
[bit13, bit12] CPCKS1, CPCKS0: CAN prescaler clock source selection bit
Table 16.4-69 CAN Prescaler Clock Source Selection Bit
CPCKS[1:0]
CAN prescaler clock source
00B
CPU clock (80 MHz max.) [Initial value]
01B
PLL output (200 MHz max.)
10B
Setting disabled.
11B
Source oscillation clock (20 MHz max.)
499
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
[bit11 to bit8] DVC3 to DVC0: CAN clock setting bit
Table 16.4-70 CAN Clock Setting Bit
DVC3 to DVC0
CAN clock
0000B
Select a 1/1 cycle of the prescaler clock source. [Initial value]
0001B
Select a 1/2 cycle of the prescaler clock source.
0010B
Select a 1/3 cycle of the prescaler clock source.
:
:
1110B
Select a 1/15 cycle of the prescaler clock source.
1111B
Select a 1/16 cycle of the prescaler clock source.
• Before changing the value of the CAN prescaler setting bit, set the initialization bit in the CAN
control register to "1" and stop the operation of all buses.
• Set the frequency of the CAN clock which is provided to the CAN interface by setting this register to
20 MHz or less.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5
CAN Controller Functions
This section describes the operations and functions of the CAN controller.
The following functions are explained:
• Message Object
• Message Transmission Operation
• Message Reception Operation
• FIFO Buffer Function
• Interrupt Function
• Bit Timing
• Test Mode
• Software Initialization
• CAN Clock Prescaler
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.1
Message Object
This section describes the message objects in the message RAM and the interfaces
being used.
■ Message Object
The message object settings in the message RAM (except for the MsgVal, NewDat, IntPnd, and TxRqst
bits) are not initialized by hardware reset. Therefore, you need to initialize the message objects from the
CPU, or to disable the MsgVal bit (MsgVal=0). The CAN bit timing register must be set while the Init bit
in the CAN control register is "0".
To set a message object, configure appropriate message interface registers (IFx mask register, IFx
arbitration register, the IFx message control register, and IFx data register), and write a message No. to the
IFx command request register. The data of the interface register is transferred to the specified message
object.
When the Init bit in the CAN control register is cleared to "0", the CAN controller starts operation. The
reception message which passed the acceptance filter is stored in the message RAM. The message for
which a transmission request is pending is transferred from the message RAM to the shift register of the
CAN controller, and then sent to the CAN bus.
The CPU reads reception messages and updates transmission messages via the message interface registers.
The interrupt to the CPU occurs based on the settings of the CAN control register and IFx message control
register (message objects).
■ Data Transmission/Reception to/from the Message RAM
When the data transfer between the message interface register and message RAM starts, the BUSY bit in
the IFx command request register is set to "1". When the data transfer is complete, the BUSY bit is cleared
to "0". (Refer to Figure 16.5-1.)
The IFx command mask register sets either of all-data transfer or partial-data transfer of a message object.
Due to the structure of the message RAM, it is impossible to write a single bit/byte of a message object. All
data of a message object is always written to the message RAM. Consequently, the data transfer from the
message interface register to the message RAM requires a execution cycle of read-modify-write (RMW)
instruction.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
Figure 16.5-1 Data Transfer Between Message Interface Register and Message RAM
Start
Write to
IFx command request register.
NO
YES
BUSY = 1
Interrupt = 0
NO
YES
WR/RD = 1
Read from message RAM to
message interface register.
Read from message RAM to
message interface register.
Write from message interface register to
message RAM.
BUSY = 0
Interrupt = 1
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.2
Message Transmission Operation
This section describes the settings and transmission operations for the transmission
message objects.
■ Message Transmission
When no data transfer is detected between the message interface register and message RAM, the MsgVal
bit in the CAN message validation register and the TxRqst bit in the CAN transmission request register are
evaluated. Then, a valid message object which has a pending transmission request and the highest priority
is transmitted to the transmission shift register. At this point, the NewDat bit in the message object is reset
to "0".
When the transmission is complete successfully and the message object has no new data (NewDat=0), the
TxRqst bit is reset to "0". If TxIE is set to "1", the IntPnd bit is set to "1" after successful transmission. If
the CAN controller loses arbitration on the CAN bus, or if an error occurs during transmission, the message
is re-transmitted immediately after the CAN bus becomes idle.
■ Transmission Priority
The transmission priority of the message objects are determined by the message numbers. Message object 1
has the highest priority, and message object 32 (or the maximum message object No. implemented) has the
lowest priority. Consequently, when two or more transmission requests are pending, the message object
with smaller message No. is transmitted.
■ Transmission Message Object Setting
Figure 16.5-2 shows the initialization of transmission message object.
Figure 16.5-2 Initialization of Transmission Message Object
MsgVal
Arb
Data
Mask
EoB
Dir
1
appl.
appl.
appl.
1
1
NewDat MsgLst
0
0
RxIE
TxIE
IntPnd
0
appl.
0
RmtEn TxRqst
appl.
0
The IFx arbitration register (ID28 to ID0 and Xtd bits) is provided by the application and defines the ID
and message type of the transmission message.
When a standard frame (11-bit ID) is set, ID28 through ID18 are used, and ID17 through ID0 are invalid.
When an expansion frame (29-bit ID) is set, ID28 through ID0 are used.
When the TxIE bit is set to "1", the IntPnd bit is set to "1" after the message object is transmitted
successfully.
When the RmtEn bit is set to "1", the TxRqst bit is set to "1" after the corresponding remote frame is
received, and the data frame is transmitted automatically.
The settings of the data registers (DLC3 to DLC0, Data0 to Data7) are provided by the application.
When UMask= 1, the IFx mask registers (Msk28 to Msk0, UMask, MXtd, and MDir bits) receive remote
frames having IDs grouped by the mask setting. Then, the registers are used to enable transmission (Set the
TxRqst bit to "1".). For details, refer to "Remote frame" in "16.5.3 Message Reception Operation".
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
Note:
It is prohibited to set the Dir bit in the IFx mask register to enable mask.
■ Updating a Transmission Message Object
The CPU can update the data of transmission message objects via the message interface register.
The data of the transmission message object is written in the unit of 4 bytes of the corresponding IFx data
register (IFx data register A or IFx data register B). Therefore, you cannot change only one byte of the
transmission message object.
To update only 8 bytes of data, first write "0087H" to the IFx command mask register. By writing a
message No. to the IFx command request register, the data of the transmission message object (8-byte data)
is updated and "1" is written to the TxRqst bit at the same time.
To transmit the data immediately following the message No. currently transmitted, set the TxRqst and
NewDat bits to "1". By this, the TxRqst bit is not reset to "0" and data can be transmitted continuously.
When both NewDat bit and TxRqst bit are set to "1", the NewDat bit is reset to "0" after transmission starts.
• To update data, write the data in the unit of 4 bytes of IFx data register A or IFx data register B.
• To update data only, set the NewDat and TxRqst bits to "1".
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.3
Message Reception Operation
This section describes the settings and reception operations for the reception message
objects.
■ Acceptance Filter for Reception Messages
When the arbitration/control fields of the message (ID + IDE + RTR + DLC) are completely shifted to the
CAN controller reception shift register, the scan of the message RAM starts for the comparison with valid
message objects to find a match.
During the scan, the arbitration field and mask data (including MsgVal, UMask, NewDat, and EoB) are
loaded from the message object in the message RAM, and the arbitration fields of the message object and
shift register are compared including the mask data.
This operation is repeated until the match of the arbitration fields of the message object and shift register is
detected, or until the operation reaches the last word of the message RAM. When the match is detected, the
scan of the message RAM stops, and the CAN controller starts processing according to the type of the
reception frame (data frame or remote frame).
■ Reception Priority
The reception priority of the message objects are determined by the message numbers. Message object 1
has the highest priority, and message object 32 (or the maximum message object No. implemented) has the
lowest priority. Consequently, when two or more message objects are found to be a match by the
acceptance filter, the message object with a smaller message No. is received.
■ Data Frame Reception
The CAN controller transfers and stores the reception message from the shift register to the message RAM
of the message object which was found to be a match by the acceptance filter. The data to be stored is not
only data bytes, but also all the arbitration fields and data length codes. The same is true even when the IFx
mask register is set for masking (in order to retain the ID and data bytes).
When new data is received, the NewDat bit is set to "1". When the CPU reads a message object, reset the
NewDat bit to "0". If the NewDat bit is already set to "1" when a message is received, the preceding data is
assumed to be lost, and the MsgLst bit is set to "1".
When the RxIE bit is set to "1" and a message buffer is received, the IntPnd bit in the CAN interrupt
pending register is set to "1". At this point, the TxRqst bit in the corresponding message object is reset to
"0", in order to disable transmission when a request data frame is received during the transmission of a
remote frame.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Remote Frame
The following three types of processing are available when a remote frame is received: The processing
during the remote frame reception is selected based on the settings of the matching message object.
• Dir=1 (transmission direction), RmtEn=1, UMask=1 or 0
The matching remote frame is received, only the TxRqst bit in this message object is set to "1", and the
data frame for the remote frame is automatically returned (transmitted). (The bits other than the TxRqst
bit in the message object are not changed.)
• Dir=1 (transmission direction), RmtEn=0, UMask=0
The reception is disabled even if the received remote frame matches with the message object. The
remote frame becomes invalid. (The TxRqst bit in this message object is not changed.)
• Dir=1 (transmission direction), RmtEn=0, UMask=1
When the received remote frame matches with the message object, the TxRqst bit in the message object
is reset to "0", and the remote frame is processed as a received data frame. The received arbitration field
and control field (ID + IDE + RTR + DLC) are stored in the message object in the message RAM. The
NewDat bit in the message object is set to "1". The data field of the message object is not changed.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Reception Message Object Setting
Figure 16.5-3 shows the initialization of reception message object.
Figure 16.5-3 Initialization of Reception Message Object
MsgVal
Arb
Data
Mask
EoB
Dir
1
appl.
appl.
appl.
1
0
NewDat MsgLst
0
0
RxIE
TxIE
IntPnd
appl.
0
0
RmtEn TxRqst
0
0
The IFx arbitration register (ID28 to ID0, Xtd bit) is provided by the application. It defines the ID and
message type of the reception message used for the acceptance filter.
When a standard frame (11-bit ID) is set, ID28 through ID18 are used, and ID17 through ID0 are invalid.
When a standard frame is received, ID17 through ID0 are reset to "0". When an expansion frame (29-bit
ID) is set, ID28 through ID0 are used.
When the RxIE bit is set to "1" and a reception data frame is stored in the message object, the IntPnd bit is
set to "1".
The data length code (DLC3 to DLC0) is provided by the application. When the CAN controller stores a
reception data frame into the message object, it stores the reception data length code and the 8-byte data. If
the data length code is less than 8, indeterminate data is written as the rest of the message object data.
When UMask=1, the IFx mask register (Msk28 to Msk0, UMask, MXtd, and MDir bits) is used to enable
the reception of data frames having IDs grouped by the mask setting. For details, refer to "Data frame
reception" in "16.5.3 Message Reception Operation".
Note:
It is prohibited to set the Dir bit in the IFx mask register for masking.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Reception Message Processing
The CPU can read reception messages any time via the message interface register.
In normal times, "007FH" is written to the IFx command mask register. Then the message No. of the
message object is written to the IFx command request register. By this, the reception message of the
specified message No. is transferred from the message RAM to the message interface register. During this
process, the NewDat and IntPnd bits in the message object can be cleared to "0" by setting the IFx
command mask register.
As for the processing of the reception message, the message is received when it is found to be a match by
the acceptance filter. If the message object uses the masking by the acceptance filter, the data to be masked
is removed from the acceptance filter, and whether or not to receive the message is judged.
The NewDat bit indicates whether a new message was received after the last message object was read.
The MsgLst bit indicates that the preceding data was lost because the next reception data is received before
the preceding reception data was read from the message object. The MsgLst bit is not reset automatically.
When a matching data frame is received by the acceptance filter while the remote frame is being
transmitted, the TxRqst bit is automatically reset to "0".
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.4
FIFO Buffer Function
This section describes the configuration of the message objects in the FIFO buffer and
the FIFO buffer operations used for the reception message processing.
■ Configuration of the FIFO Buffer
The configuration of the reception message object in the FIFO buffer is the same as the configuration of the
normal reception message object except for the EoB bit (For details, refer to "Setting a reception message
object" in "16.5.3 Message Reception Operation").
The FIFO buffer uses two or more reception message objects by concatenating them. To store a reception
message into such FIFO buffer using the ID and masking of the reception message object, the ID and mask
settings of the message objects must be the same.
The first reception message object in the FIFO buffer is the object with the smaller message No. which has
the highest priority. It is necessary to set the EoB bit in the last reception message object in the FIFO buffer
to "1" to indicate the end of the FIFO buffer block (As for the message objects other than the last message
object using the FIFO buffer configuration, set their EoB bits to "0").
• Be sure to use the same ID and mask settings for the message objects used in the FIFO buffer.
• When the FIFO buffer is not used, be sure to set the EoB bit of the message object to "1".
■ Message Reception by the FIFO Buffer
When the reception message matches with the ID of the FIFO buffer, it is stored in the reception message
object having the smallest message No. in the FIFO buffer.
When a message is stored in the reception message object in the FIFO buffer, the NewDat bit in the
reception message object is set to "1". When the EoB bit of the reception message object is "0" and its
NewDat bit is set to "1", the reception message object is protected and the CAN controller cannot write to
the FIFO buffer until the operation reaches the last reception message object (EoB bit=1).
Unless "0" is written to the NewDat bit in the reception message object (canceling write protection) with
valid data being stored until the last FIFO buffer, the message received next is written to the last message
object, and the previous message is overwritten.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Reading from the FIFO Buffer
To use the CPU to read the content of the reception message object, write the reception message No. to the
IFx command request register. Then, the data is transferred to the message interface register, and can be
read by the CPU. To do this, set the IFx command mask register’s WR/RD to "0" (read), TxRqst/
NewDat=1, IntPnd=1, and reset the NewDat and IntPnd bits to "0".
To ensure the function of the FIFO buffer, the reception message object having the smallest message No. in
the FIFO buffer must be read first.
Figure 16.5-4 shows how the CPU processes the message objects concatenated by the FIFO buffer.
Figure 16.5-4 Processing of FIFO Buffer by CPU
Start
Message interrupt
Read CAN interrupt register.
8000H
0000H
Value of CAN interrupt register
Other than 8000H and 0000H
Execute status interrupt.
Message No. =
Value of CAN interrupt register
End (Normal processing)
Write (Message No.) to
IFx command request register.
Read message interface register
(Reset: NewDat=0, IntPnd=0)
Read IFx message control register.
No
NewDat = 1
Yes
Read IFx message data register A, B.
Yes
EoB = 1
No
Message No. = Message No. 1
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.5
Interrupt Function
This section describes interrupt processing using the status interrupt (IntId=8000H) and
message interrupt (IntId message No.).
When two or more interrupts are pending, the CAN interrupt register shows the interrupt code of the
highest priority among the pending codes. The time order specified to the interrupt codes is ignored, and
the interrupt code of the highest priority is always shown. The interrupt code is retained until it is cleared
by the CPU.
The status interrupt (IntId bit=8000H) has the highest priority.
The priority of the message interrupt is set higher for the message with a smaller message No., and is set
lower for the message with a larger message No.
The message interrupt is cleared by clearing the IntPnd bit in the message object. The status interrupt is
cleared by reading the CAN status register.
The IntPnd bit in the CAN interrupt pending register indicates whether an interrupt is pending or not. If
there is no pending interrupt, the IntPnd is "0".
When the IntPnd bit is set to "1" while the IE bit in the CAN control register and the TxIE and RxIE bits in
the IFx message control register are "1", an interrupt signal to the CPU becomes active. The interrupt signal
is retained to be active until the CAN interrupt pending register is cleared to "0" (interrupt factor reset), or
until the IE bit in the CAN control register is reset to "0".
When the CAN interrupt register is "8000H", it indicates that the CAN status register is updated by the
CAN controller. This interrupt has the highest priority. The interrupt by updating the CAN status register
can be used to enable or disable the setting of the CAN interrupt register with the EIE and SIE bits in the
CAN control register. The interrupt signal to the CPU can be controlled with the IE bit in the CAN control
register.
The RxOk, TxOk, and LEC bits in the CAN status register can be updated (reset) by writing data from the
CPU. This writing, however, cannot set or reset interrupt.
When the CAN interrupt register is set to the value other than "8000H" and "0000H", it indicates that the
message interrupt is pending, and the pending message interrupt of the highest priority is shown.
The CAN interrupt register is updated even when the IE bit is reset.
The factor of the message interrupt to the CPU can be checked with the CAN interrupt register or CAN
interrupt pending register. (Refer to "16.4.4 Message Handler Register".) It is possible to clear a
message interrupt and read the message data simultaneously. When the message interrupt indicated by the
CAN interrupt register is cleared, the interrupt of the second highest priority is set to the CAN interrupt
register and waits for the next interrupt processing. When no interrupt exists, the CAN interrupt register
indicates" 0000H".
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
• The status interrupt (IntId=8000H) is cleared by the read access of the CAN status register.
• The status interrupt (IntId=8000H) is not triggered by the write access to the CAN status register.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.6
Bit Timing
This section describes the overview of bit timing and the bit timing operations in the
CAN controller.
Each CAN node in the CAN network has its own clock oscillator (generally, a quartz oscillator). The time
parameters of the bit time can be configured individually for the CAN nodes. Even when the oscillation
cycles (fosc) of the CAN nodes vary, a common bit rate can be created.
The frequencies of these oscillators vary a little depending on the change in temperature or voltage, or the
deterioration of components. As long as the variations remain within the allowable range of the oscillator
(df), the CAN node can compensate different bit rate by re-synchronizing it with the bit stream.
The bit time is divided into four segments in accordance with the CAN specification (Refer to Figure 16.55.). It consists of a synchronization segment (Sync_Seg), a propagation time segment (Prop_Seg), phase
buffer segment 1 (Phase_Seg1), and phase buffer segment 2 (Phase_Seg2). Each segment consists of
programmable time quantities (Refer to Table 16.5-1.). The basic unit time quantity (tq) of the bit time is
defined with the CAN clock (fsys) and baud rate prescaler (BRP) as follows:
tq = BRP / fsys
The CAN clock (fsys) is a clock generated by the CAN prescaler. The synchronization segment (Sync_Seg)
expresses the timing within the bit time where the edge of the CAN bus is expected. The propagation time
segment (Prop_Seg) compensates the physical delay time in the CAN network. The phase buffer segments
(Phase_Seg1, Phase_Seg2) designate sampling points. The re-synchronization jump width (SJW) defines
the width of the sampling point movement during re-synchronization in order to compensate an edge phase
error.
Figure 16.5-5 Bit Timing
1 bit time (BT)
Sync
_Seg
Prop_Seg
1 unit time (tq)
514
Phase_Seg1
Phase_Seg2
Sampling point
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
Table 16.5-1 CAN Bit Time Parameters
Parameter
Range
Function
BRP
[1-32]
Sync_Seg
1 tq
Prop_Seg
[1-8] tq
Compensation for the physical delay time
Phase_Seg1
[1-8] tq
Compensation for the edge phase error before the sample point.
It may be temporarily extended due to synchronization.
Phase_Seg2
[1-8] tq
Compensation for the edge phase error after the sample point.
It may be temporarily shortened due to synchronization.
SJW
[1-4] tq
Re-synchronization jump width
It is not longer than either of the phase buffer segments.
Definition of the length of time quantity (tq)
The length is fixed. Synchronization with the system clock
Figure 16.5-6 shows the bit timing in the CAN controller.
Figure 16.5-6 Bit Timing in CAN Controller
1 bit time (BT)
Sync
_Seg
TEG1
1 unit time
(tq)
TEG2
Sampling point
515
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
Table 16.5-2 CAN Controller Parameters
Parameter
Range
Function
BRPE,BRP
[0-1023]
Definition of the length of time quantity (tq).
The prescaler can be expanded up to 1024 by using the bit timing register and prescaler expansion register.
Sync_Seg
1 tq
TSEG1
[1-15] tq
Time segment before the sampling point.
It corresponds to Prop_Seg and Phase_Seg1.
It can be controlled by the bit timing register.
TSEG2
[0-7] tq
Time segment after the sampling point.
It corresponds to Phase_Seg2.
It can be controlled by the bit timing register.
SJW
[0-3] tq
Re-synchronization jump width.
It can be controlled by the bit timing register.
Synchronization with the CAN clock.
The length is fixed.
The relationships between the parameters are as follows:
tq = ([BRPE,BRP] + 1) / fsys
BT = SYNC_SEG + TEG1 + TEG2
= (1 + (TSEG1 + 1) + (TSEG2 + 1)) × tq
= (3 + TSEG1 + TSEG2) × tq
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.7
Test Mode
This section describes the setting procedure and operations of the test mode.
■ Setting the Test Mode
Setting the Test bit in the CAN control register to "1" activates the test mode. In the test mode, the Tx1,
Tx0, LBack, Silent, and Basic bits in the CAN test register are enabled.
When the Test bit in the CAN control register is reset to "0", all test register functions are disabled.
■ Silent Mode
Setting the Silent bit in the CAN test register to "1" sets the CAN controller to the silent mode.
In the silent mode, data frames and remote frames can be received, but only recessives are output to the
CAN bus, and messages and ACK are not transmitted.
When the CAN controller is requested to send dominant bits (ACK bit, overload flag, active error flag),
they are sent to the RX side by the fold-back circuit inside of the CAN controller. This operation means
that the RX side receives dominant bits which are sent back from the inside of the CAN controller although
the status is recessive on the CAN bus.
In the silent mode, the traffic on the CAN bus can be analyzed without being affected by the transmission
of dominant bits (ACK bit, error flag).
Figure 16.5-7 shows the CAN controller in the silent mode.
Figure 16.5-7 CAN Controller in Silent Mode
CAN_TX
CAN_RX
CAN controller
Silent bit = 1
Tx
Rx
CAN Core
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Loop-back Mode
Setting the LBack bit in the CAN test register to "1" sets the CAN controller to the loop-back mode.
The loop-back mode can be used for the self-diagnosis function.
In the loop-back mode, the TX and RX sides are connected inside the CAN controller. The message sent by
the CAN controller is treated as a message received by the RX side, and the message which passed the
acceptance filter is stored in the reception buffer.
Figure 16.5-8 shows the CAN controller in the loop-back mode.
Figure 16.5-8 CAN Controller in Loop-back Mode
CAN_TX
CAN_RX
Tx
Rx
CAN controller
CAN Core
To maintain the independence from external signals, the dominant bits in the acknowledge slot of a data/
remote frame are not sampled. Consequently, the CAN controller does not generate acknowledge errors,
which it normally generates, in this test mode.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Combination of the Silent Mode and Loop-back Mode.
Setting both LBack and Silent bits in the CAN test register to "1" enables the combined operation of the
loop-back mode and silent mode.
This mode can be used for a hot self-test. In a hot self-test, the test of the CAN controller in the loop-back
mode provides fixed output of recessives to the CAN_TX pin and ignores the input from the CAN_RX pin.
Consequently, the test does not affect the operation of the CAN system.
Figure 16.5-9 shows the CAN controller when the silent mode and the loop-back mode are combined.
Figure 16.5-9 CAN Controller When Silent Mode and Loop-back Mode Are Combined
CAN_TX
CAN_RX
CAN controller
LBack bit,Silent bit = 1
Tx
Rx
CAN Core
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Basic Mode
Setting the Basic bit in the CAN test register to "1" sets the CAN controller in the basic mode.
In the Basic mode, the CAN controller operates without using the message RAM.
The IF1 message interface register is used to control transmission.
Before starting message transmission, set the content to be transmitted in the IF1 message interface register.
Then, request transmission by setting the BUSY bit in the IF1 command request register to "1". Setting the
BUSY bit to "1" indicates that the IF1 message interface register is locked, or transmission is pending.
When the BUSY bit is set to "1", the CAN controller operates as follows:
As soon as the CAN bus becomes idle, the content of the IF1 message interface register is loaded to the
transmission shift register and transmission starts. When the transmission is complete successfully, the
BUSY bit is reset to "0", and the locked IF1 message interface register is unlocked.
When transmission is pending, you can discontinue the transmission by resetting the BUSY bit in the IF1
command request register to "0". If the BUSY bit is reset to "0" during transmission, the re-transmission
which is performed in the cases of arbitration loss or error is disabled.
The IF2 message interface register is used to control reception.
All messages are received without using the acceptance filter. Setting the BUSY bit in the IF2 command
request register to "1" enables reading the content of the received message.
When the BUSY bit is set to "1", the CAN controller operates as follows:
The received message (content of the reception shift register) is stored in the IF2 message interface register
without using the acceptance filter.
When a new message is stored in the IF2 message interface register, the CAN controller sets the NewDat
bit to "1". If another new message is received while the NewDat bit is "1", the CAN controller sets the
MsgLst bit to "1".
• In the basic mode, the control mode settings of all message objects and IFx command mask registers
concerning the control/status bit are invalid.
• The message No. of the command request register is invalid.
• The NewDat and MsgLst bits in the IF2 message control register operate as normal, DLC3 to DLC0
show the received DLC, and other control bits are read as "0".
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Software Control by the CAN_TX Pin
CAN_TX, the CAN transmission pin, has the following four output functions:
• Serial data output (normal output)
• CAN sampling point signal output to monitor the bit timing of the CAN controller
• Fixed output of dominants
• Fixed output of recessives
The fixed outputs of dominants and recessives can be used to check the physical layer of the CAN bus as
well as to monitor CAN_RX of the CAN reception pin.
The output mode of the CAN_TX pin can be controlled by the Tx1 and Tx0 bits in the CAN test register.
To use the CAN message transmission, or the loop-back, silent, or basic mode, you need to set CAN_TX to
the serial data output.
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CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.8
Software Initialization
This section describes the details of the software initialization.
The factors that cause software initialization are as follows:
• Hardware reset
• Setting the Init bit in the CAN control register
• Transition to the bus-off status
The reset by hardware initializes everything other than the message RAM (except for MsgVal, NewDat,
IntPnd, and TxRqst bits). After the hardware reset, the message RAM should be initialized by the CPU, or
the message RAM’s MsgVal must be set to "0". To set a bit timing register, set it before clearing the Init bit
in the CAN control register to "0".
The Init bit in the CAN control register is set to "1" when the following occurs:
• The CPU writes "1".
• Hardware reset
• Bus-off
When the Init bit is set to "1", all message transmission/reception on the CAN bus is stopped, and the
CAN_TX pin for the CAN bus output is set to recessive output. (Except for the CAN_TX test mode).
When the Init bit is set to "1", no error counters and registers change.
When the Init and CCE bits in the CAN control register are set to "1", the bit timing register and prescaler
expansion register for baud rate control can be set.
Resetting the Init bit to "0" terminates the software initialization. The Init bit can be reset to "0" only by the
access from the CPU.
When 11-bit recessives continuously occur (= bus idle) after the Init bit was reset to "0", messages are
transferred after being synchronized with the data transfer on the CAN bus.
Before changing the message object masks, ID, XTD, EoB, and RmtEn, set MsgVal to invalid.
522
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
16.5.9
CAN Clock Prescaler
This section describes the switching of the CAN clock while PLL is running.
■ Block Diagram
Figure 16.5-10 shows the CAN Clock Prescaler block diagram.
The clock provided to the CAN is decided according to the setting of the CAN clock prescaler register
(CANPRE).
Figure 16.5-10 CAN Clock Prescaler Block Diagram
CPU clock
CAN
Interface
Clock
unit
Clock
Divider
CAN
Controller
X0
PLL
CPCK[1:0]
DVC[3:0]
CANPRE
523
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ Clock Switching Procedure
The following procedure is recommended to switch the clock by using the CAN clock prescaler.
Figure 16.5-11 Clock Switching Procedure
Switching CAN clock :
OSCILLATOR -> PLL
Switching CAN clock :
PLL -> OSCILLATOR
Set bit Init in the CAN
Control Register
Set bit Init in the CAN
Control Register
Enable PLL
Set prescaler value
Wait for PLL Lock Time
Disable PLL
Set prescaler value
Reset bit Init in the CAN
Control Register
Reset bit Init in the CAN
Control Register
524
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
■ CAN Clock Frequency
The following table shows the CAN clock frequency generated by setting CPCKS[1:0] and DVC[3:0] of
CANPRE (When a 18 MHz quartz oscillator is connected).
Table 16.5-3 CAN Clock Frequency
DVC[3:0]
CPCKS[1:0]=00B
(when 72 MHz CPU
clock is selected)
CPCKS[1:0]=01B
(when 144 MHz PLL
output is selected)
CPCKS[1:0]=11B
(when 18 MHz source oscillation
clock is selected)
0000B
72.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
144.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
18.00 MHz
0001B
36.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
72.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
9.00 MHz
0010B
24.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
48.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
6.00 MHz
0011B
18.00 MHz
36.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
4.50 MHz
0100B
14.40 MHz
28.80 MHz (Setting disabled)
3.60 MHz
0101B
12.00 MHz
24.00 MHz (Setting disabled)
3.00 MHz
0110B
10.29 MHz
20.57 MHz (Setting disabled)
2.57 MHz
0111B
9.00 MHz
18.00 MHz
2.25 MHz
1000B
8.00 MHz
16.00 MHz
2.00 MHz
1001B
7.20 MHz
14.40 MHz
1.80 MHz
1010B
6.55 MHz
13.09 MHz
1.64 MHz
1011B
6.00 MHz
12.00 MHz
1.50 MHz
1100B
5.54 MHz
11.08 MHz
1.38 MHz
1101B
5.14 MHz
10.29 MHz
1.29 MHz
1110B
4.80 MHz
9.60 MHz
1.33 MHz
1111B
4.50 MHz
9.00 MHz
1.25 MHz
• Before changing the value of the CAN prescaler setting bit, set the initialization bit in the CAN control
register to "1" and stop the operation of all buses.
• Set the CAN clock to 20 MHz or lower.
525
CHAPTER 16 CAN CONTROLLER
526
CHAPTER 17
LIN-UART
This chapter describes functions and operations of the
LIN-compatible LIN-UART.
17.1 Overview of LIN-UART
17.2 Configuration of LIN-UART
17.3 LIN-UART Registers
17.4 LIN-UART Interrupts
17.5 LIN-UART Baud Rate Setting
17.6 LIN-UART Operations
17.7 Notes on Using LIN-UART
527
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.1
Overview of LIN-UART
LIN (Local Interconnect Network)-compatible LIN-UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver and Transmitter) is a general-purpose serial data communication interface
which achieves asynchronous/synchronous communication with external devices. The
LIN-UART supports bidirectional communication functions (normal mode), master/slave
communication functions (multiprocessor mode in a master system), and LIN-bus
system (both master and slave operations).
■ Overview
The LIN-UART is a general-purpose serial data communication interface used for data transmission/
reception with other CPUs or peripheral circuits, especially with LIN devices. Table 17.1-1 lists the LINUART Functions.
Table 17.1-1 LIN-UART Functions (1 / 2)
Item
Function
Data buffer
Full-duplex buffer
Serial input
In asynchronous mode, a received value is determined by 5 oversampling operations.
Transfer mode
• Clock synchronous (start/stop synchronization or start/stop bit selectable)
• Clock asynchronous (start/stop bit)
Transfer rate
• Dedicated 15-bit baud rate generator is provided.
• External clock input can be used, which is adjustable by a reload counter.
Data length
• 7 bits (Cannot be used in synchronous and LIN modes)
• 8 bits
Signal mode
NRZ (Non Return Zero) format
Start bit timing
In asynchronous mode, clock synchronization with the falling edge of the start bit.
Reception error detection
• Framing error
• Overrun error
• Parity error
Interrupt request
• Reception interrupt (reception completion/reception error detection)
• Transmission interrupt (transmission completion)
• Bus Idle interrupt (belongs to reception interrupt)
• LIN-Synch-Break interrupt (belongs to reception interrupt)
Master/slave communication
function
(multiprocessor mode)
One-to-many (One master and multiple slaves) communication available
(supported by either of a master or slave system)
Synchronization mode
Function as master or slave LIN-UART
Transmission cable
Direct access available
528
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Table 17.1-1 LIN-UART Functions (2 / 2)
Item
Function
LIN bus options
• Operation as a master device
• Operation as a slave device
• Generation of LIN-Synch-Break
• Detection of LIN-Synch-Break
• Detection of the start/stop edges in the LIN-Synch-Field with ICU
Synchronous serial clock
The synchronous serial clock can be continuously output from the SCK pin for
synchronous communication using start/stop bits.
Clock delay option
Special synchronous clock mode for clock delay (for SPI)
■ Operation Modes of LIN-UART
The LIN-UART offers four operation modes which are specified with the MD0 and MD1 bits in the serial
mode register (SMR). Mode 0 and mode 2 are used for bidirectional serial communication, and mode 1 is
for master/slave communication. Mode 3 is for LIN master/slave communication.
Table 17.1-2 Operation Modes of LIN-UART
Data length
Operation mode
Parity
disabled
0
Normal mode
bit7 or bit8
1
Multiprocessor mode
bit7 or
bit8 + 1 (*2)
2
Normal mode
bit8
3
LIN mode
bit8
Parity
enabled
−
−
Synchronization
mode
Data bit
detection*1
Stop bit
length
Asynchronous
bit1 or bit2
L/M
Asynchronous
bit1 or bit2
L/M
Synchronous
bit0, bit1 or
bit2
L/M
Asynchronous
bit1
L
*1: Indicates that the transfer starts from LSB first or MSB first.
*2: "+1" is used to show the address/data selection in the multiprocessor mode when a parity bit is not used.
Note:
Mode 1 (multiprocessor mode) supports the operations of both the LIN-UART master and slave in a
master/slave system. In mode 3, the functions of the LIN-UART are fixed to 8N1 format and LSB
first.
529
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
When the mode is changed, the LIN-UART stops transmission and reception, and waits for and changes to
the new action.
Table 17.1-3 lists the mode bit settings.
Table 17.1-3 Mode Bit Settings
530
MD1
MD0
Mode
Function
0
0
0
Asynchronous (Normal mode)
0
1
1
Asynchronous (Multiprocessor mode)
1
0
2
Synchronous (Normal mode)
1
1
3
Asynchronous (LIN mode)
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.2
Configuration of LIN-UART
This section describes the configuration of the LIN-UART.
■ LIN-UART Block Diagram
The LIN-UART consists of the following blocks:
• Reload counter
• Reception control circuit
• Reception shift register
• Reception data register (RDR)
• Transmission control circuit
• Transmission shift register
• Transmission data register (TDR)
• Error detection circuit
• Oversampling unit
• Interrupt generation circuit
• LIN-Synch-Break and Synch-Field detection circuit
• Bus Idle detection circuit
• Serial mode register (SMR)
• Serial control register (SCR)
• Serial status register (SSR)
• Extended communication control register (ECCR)
• Extended communication status/control register (ESCR)
531
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ LIN-UART Block Diagram
Figure 17.2-1 LIN-UART Block Diagram
PE
ORE
FRE
Transmission clock
CLK
TIE
Reception clock
Reload
Counter
SCK
RIE
RECEPTION
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
Pin
LBD
Interrupt Generation
circuit
BIE
Transmission
Start circuit
Start bit
Detection circuit
SIN
LBIE
TRANSIMISSION
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
RBI
TBI
Pin
Restart Reception
Reload Counter
Oversampling
Unit
Received Bit
counter
Transmission
Bit counter
Received
Parity counter
Transmission
Parity counter
Transmission
IRQ
SOT
Pin
RDRF
Reception
complete
SIN
Signal to
ICU
Reception shift
register
LIN sync break
and Synch Field
Detection circuit
Reception
IRQ
TDRE
SOT
SIN
Transmission
shift register
LIN break
generation
circuit
Transmission
start
Error
Detection
RDR
Bus Idle
Detection circuit
TDR
STR
PE
ORE
FRE
RBI
TBI
LBD
Internal data bus
PE
ORE
FRE
RDRF
TDRE
BDS
RIE
TIE
532
SSR
register
MD1
MD0
(OTO)
(EXT)
(REST)
UPCL
SCKE
SOE
SMR
register
PEN
P
SBL
CL
AD
CRE
RXE
TXE
SCR
register
LBIE
LBD
LBL1
LBL0
SOPE
SIOP
CCO
SCES
ESCR
Rregister
LBR
MS
SPI
SSM
BIE
RBI
TBI
ECCR
register
LBR
LBL1
LBL0
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Description of the Blocks
● Reload counter
The reload counter operates as a dedicated baud rate generator. The transmission/reception clocks are
generated from an external clock or an internal clock. The reload counter has a 15-bit register to store a
reload value. The actual count value of the transmission reload counter can be read from the value of
BGR0/BGR1.
● Reception control circuit
The reception control circuit consists of a received bit counter, a start bit detection circuit, and a received
parity counter.
The received bit counter counts received data bits. When the reception of one data item of the specified
data length is complete, the received bit counter sets a reception data register full flag.
The start bit detection circuit detects a start bit from serial input signals, and sends out a signal to the reload
counter in synchronization with the falling edge of the start bit.
The received parity counter calculates the parity of the received data.
● Reception shift register
The reception shift register captures the received data input from the SIN pin by shifting the data bit by bit.
When the reception is complete, the reception shift register transfers the received data to the reception data
register (RDR).
● Reception data register (RDR)
The reception data register retains the received data. Serial input data is converted and stored into this
register.
● Transmission control circuit
The transmission control circuit consists of a transmission bit counter, a transmission start circuit, and a
transmission parity counter.
The transmission bit counter counts transmission data bits. When the transmission of one data item of the
specified data length is complete, the transmission bit counter sets a transmission data register empty flag.
The transmission start circuit starts transmission when data is written to the TDR.
If parity is enabled, the transmission parity counter generates a parity bit of the transmission data.
● Transmission shift register
The transmission shift register shifts the transmission data written to the transmission data register (TDR)
and outputs the data bit by bit to the SOT pin.
● Transmission data register (TDR)
Transmission data is set to the transmission data register. The data written to this register is converted into
serial data and is output.
● Error detection circuit
The error detection circuit checks whether an error occurred during the last reception. When it detects an
error occurrence, it sets the corresponding error flag.
533
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
● Oversampling unit
The oversampling unit repeats oversampling of the data input from the SIN pin for five times. This unit is
disabled in the synchronous operation mode.
● Interrupt generation circuit
The interrupt generation circuit controls every interrupt. When an interrupt is enabled and an interrupt
factor for the interrupt arises, the interrupt is generated immediately.
● LIN-Break and Synch-Field detection circuit
The LIN-Break and LIN-Synch-Break detection circuit detects a LIN-Break when the LIN master node is
sending out a message handler. When a LIN-Break is detected, the LBD flag bit is generated. The first and
fifth falling edges in the Synch-Field are detected by this circuit. Then an internal signal is sent to the input
capture in order to measure an accurate serial clock cycle of the transmission master node.
● LIN-Break generation circuit
The LIN-Break generation circuit generates a LIN-Synch-Break of a specified length.
● Bus Idle detection circuit
The Bus Idle detection circuit detects the status where neither reception nor transmission is performed (bus
idle). When such a status is detected, the circuit generates flag bits TBI and RBI.
● Serial mode register (SMR)
The serial mode register is used for the following operations:
• Select the operation mode of the LIN-UART.
• Select clock input.
• Select whether the external clock is connected 1-to-1 or connected to the reload-counter.
• Restart the dedicated reload timer.
• Reset the LIN-UART (The register settings are saved.).
• Enable the output at the serial output pin (SOT).
• Switch the input/output at the serial clock pin (SCK).
● Serial control register (SCR)
The serial control register is used for the following operations:
• Select whether to enable or disable parity bits.
• Select the type of parity bits.
• Specify the stop bit length.
• Specify the data length.
• Specify the frame data format in mode 1.
• Clear an error flag.
• Enable transmission.
• Enable reception.
534
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
● Serial status register (SSR)
The serial status register checks the transmission/reception and error statuses. It is also used to enable
transmission/reception interrupts and set the transfer direction (LSB first/MSB first).
● Extended status/control register (ESCR)
The extended status/control register sets the LIN functions. It specifies the direct access to the SIN and
SOT pins and the settings for the LIN-UART synchronous clock mode.
● Extended communication control register (ECCR)
The extended communication control register specifies the Bus Idle detection interrupt, sets the
synchronous clock, and generates a LIN-Break.
535
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3
LIN-UART Registers
Figure 17.3-1 shows the LIN-UART registers.
■ LIN-UART Registers
Figure 17.3-1 LIN-UART Registers
SCR
Address: 000040H, 000048H, bit15
000050H, 000058H,
000060H, 000068H, PEN
000070H
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value
(0)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P
SBL
CL
AD
CRE
RXE
TXE
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
SMR
Address: 000041H, 000049H, bit7
000051H, 000059H,
000061H, 000069H, MD1
000071H
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MD0
OTO
EXT
REST
UPCL
SCKE
SOE
Read/Write (R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(W)
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ORE
FRE
RDRF
TDRE
BDS
RIE
TIE
Initial value
(0)
SSR
Address: 000042H, 00004AH, bit15
000052H, 00005AH,
000062H, 00006AH, PE
000072H
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Address: 000043H, 00004BH,
000053H, 00005BH,
000063H, 00006BH,
000073H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
LBD
LBL1
LBL0
SOPE
SIOP
CCO
SCES
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(x)
(0)
(0)
RDR/TDR
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value
(0)
ESCR
Address: 000044H, 00004CH, bit15
000054H, 00005CH,
000064H, 00006CH, LBIE
000074H
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(Continued)
536
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
(Continued)
ECCR
Address: 000045H, 00004DH,
000055H, 00005DH,
000065H, 00006DH,
000075H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
LBR
MS
SCDE
SSM
BIE
RBI
TBI
Read/Write
(− )
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(X)
(X)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B09
B08
BGR1
Address: 000080H, 000082H, bit15
000084H, 000086H,
Reserved
000088H, 00008AH,
00008CH
Read/Write
(− )
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Address: 000081H, 000083H,
000085H, 000087H,
000089H, 00008BH,
00008DH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
B07
B06
B05
B04
B03
B02
B01
B00
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
BGR0
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value
(0)
537
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3.1
Serial Control Register (SCR)
The serial control register (SCR) specifies parity bits, selects the stop bit length and
data length, selects the frame data format in mode 1, clears a reception error flag, and
enable transmission/reception.
■ Serial Control Register (SCR)
Figure 17.3-2 Bit Configuration of Serial Control Register (SCR)
SCR
Address: 000040H, 000048H, bit15
000050H, 000058H,
000060H, 000068H, PEN
000070H
Read/Write (R/W)
Initial value
(0)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P
SBL
CL
AD
CRE
RXE
TXE
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit15] PEN: Parity enable bit
Table 17.3-1 Parity Enable Bit
PEN
Parity enable
0
Parity disabled [Initial value]
1
Parity enabled
This bit selects whether or not to add parity to the transmission data in the serial asynchronous mode.
Parity is detected during reception.
Parity is added in mode 0, and in mode 2 when the SSM bit in the ECCR is set. In mode 3 (LIN mode),
this bit is fixed to "0" (Parity disabled).
[bit14] P: Parity selection bit
Table 17.3-2 Parity Selection Bit
P
Parity selection
0
Even parity [Initial value]
1
Odd parity
When parity is enabled, this bit selects whether to use even parity (0) or odd parity (1).
538
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit13] SBL: Stop bit length selection bit
Table 17.3-3 Stop Bit Length Selection Bit
SBL
Stop bit length
0
1 bit [Initial value]
1
2 bits
This bit selects the stop bit length of an asynchronous data frame. When the SSM bit in the ECCR is set,
the stop bit length is selected also for a synchronous data frame. In mode 3 (LIN mode), this bit is fixed
to "0" (1 bit).
[bit12] CL: Data length selection bit
Table 17.3-4 Data Length Selection Bit
CL
Data length
0
7 bits [Initial value]
1
8 bits
This bit specifies the length of transmission/reception data. In modes 2 and 3, this bit is fixed to "1" (8
bits).
[bit11] AD: Address/data selection bit
Table 17.3-5 Address/Data Selection Bit
AD
Address/data bit
0
Data bit [Initial value]
1
Address bit
This bit specifies the data format used in the multiprocessor mode (mode 1). Writing to this bit is used
for the master CPU, and reading this bit is used for the slave CPU. Value "1" indicates an address
frame, and "0" indicates a data frame.
Note:
For the usage of the AD bit, refer to "17.7 Notes on Using LIN-UART".
539
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit10] CRE: Reception error flag clear bit
Table 17.3-6 Reception Error Flag Clear Bit
Reception error clear
CRE
Write
0
Invalid [Initial value]
1
Clear all reception errors
(PE, FRE, ORE).
Read
Read value is always "0".
This bit clears the PE, FRE, and ORE flags of the serial status register (SSR). It also clears a reception
error interrupt factor.
Writing "1" to this bit clears the error flags. Writing "0" is invalid.
Reading this bit always returns "0".
[bit9] RXE: Reception enable bit
Table 17.3-7 Reception Enable Bit
RXE
Reception enable
0
Disable reception. [Initial value]
1
Enable reception.
This bit enables the LIN-UART’s reception operation. When this bit is set to "0", the LIN-UART stops
receiving data frames. This bit remains invalid for the LIN-Break detection in modes 0 and 3.
[bit8] TXE: Transmission enable bit
Table 17.3-8 Transmission Enable Bit
TXE
Transmission enable
0
Disable transmission. [Initial value]
1
Enable transmission.
This bit enables the LIN-UART’s transmission operation. When this bit is set to "0", the LIN-UART
stops transmitting data frames.
540
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3.2
Serial Mode Register (SMR)
The serial mode register (SMR) selects the operation mode and baud rate clock. It also
specifies the I/O direction of the serial clock (SCK) and enables serial outputs.
■ Serial Mode Register (SMR)
Figure 17.3-3 Bit Configuration of Serial Mode Register (SMR)
SMR
Address: 000041H, 000049H, bit7
000051H, 000059H,
000061H, 000069H, MD1
000071H
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MD0
OTO
EXT
REST
UPCL
SCKE
SOE
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(W)
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit7, bit6] MD1, MD0: Operation mode selection bit
Table 17.3-9 Operation Mode Selection Bit
MD0
MD1
Operation mode setting
0
0
Mode 0: Asynchronous normal mode [Initial value]
1
0
Mode 1: Asynchronous multiprocessor mode
0
1
Mode 2: Synchronous mode
1
1
Mode 3: Asynchronous LIN mode
These bits are used to set the operation mode of the LIN-UART.
[bit5] OTO: 1-to-1 external clock selection bit
Table 17.3-10 1-to-1 External Clock Selection Bit
OTO
External clock selection
0
Use an external clock for the baud rate generator (reload counter).
[Initial value]
1
Use an external clock as a serial clock.
When this bit is set, an external clock is directly used as a serial clock for the LIN-UART. This function
is used when the LIN-UART operates as a slave in the synchronous mode.
541
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit4] EXT: External clock selection bit
Table 17.3-11 External Clock Selection Bit
EXT
External serial clock enable
0
Use the built-in baud rate generator (reload counter). [Initial value]
1
Use an external clock as a serial clock.
This bit selects the clock used for the reload counter.
[bit3] REST: Transmission reload counter restart bit
Table 17.3-12 Transmission Reload Counter Restart Bit
Transmission reload counter restart
REST
Write
0
Invalid [Initial value]
1
Restart the counter.
Read
Read value is always "0".
Writing "1" to this bit restarts the reload counter. Writing "0" is invalid.
Reading this bit always returns "0".
[bit2] UPCL: LIN-UART clear bit (software reset)
Table 17.3-13 LIN-UART Clear Bit (Software Reset)
LIN-UART clear (software reset)
UPCL
Write
0
Invalid [Initial value]
1
Reset the LIN-UART.
Read
Read value is always "0".
When "1" is written to this bit, the LIN-UART is reset immediately, but the register setting values are
saved.
Reception/transmission is discontinued.
All error flags are cleared and the reception data register (RDR) is set to "00H".
Writing "0" is invalid.
Reading this bit always returns "0".
542
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit1] SCKE: Serial clock output enable
Table 17.3-14 Serial Clock Output Enable
SCKE
Serial clock output enable
0
External clock input [Initial value]
1
Serial clock output
This bit controls the input/output at the serial clock pin (SCK).
When this bit is set to "0", the SCK pin operates as a general-purpose port/serial clock input pin. When
this bit is set to "1", the pin operates as a serial clock output pin.
Note:
To use the SCK pin for a serial clock input (SCKE=0), set the port as an input port. To use it for a
serial clock output, you need to set the SCKE bit as well as the port function register (PFR)
corresponding to the SCK pin. For details of the port function register setting, refer to "CHAPTER 10
I/O PORT".
Also, select an external clock by setting the external clock selection bit (EXT=1).
[bit0] SOE: Serial data output enable bit
Table 17.3-15 Serial Data Output Enable Bit
SOE
Serial data output enable
0
Disable SOT output. [Initial value]
1
Enable SOT output.
This bit enables serial output.
When this bit is set to "1", serial data output is enabled.
Note:
To use the SOT pin for serial output, you need to set the SOE bit as well as the corresponding port
function register (PFR). For details of the port function register setting, refer to "CHAPTER 10 I/O
PORT".
543
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3.3
Serial Status Register (SSR)
The serial status register (SSR) shows the transmission/reception status and the
occurrence of errors. It also controls transmission/reception interrupts.
■ Serial Status Register (SSR)
Figure 17.3-4 Bit Configuration of Serial Status Register (SSR)
SSR
Address: 000042H, 00004AH, bit15
000052H, 00005AH,
PE
000062H, 00006AH,
000072H
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ORE
FRE
RDRF
TDRE
BDS
RIE
TIE
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit15] PE: Parity error flag bit
Table 17.3-16 Parity Error Flag Bit
PE
Parity error
0
No parity error occurred. [Initial value]
1
Parity error occurred during reception.
If a parity error occurs during reception, this bit is set to "1". This bit is cleared when "1" is written to
the CRE bit in the serial control register (SCR).
When this bit and the RIE bit are "1", a reception interrupt request is output.
When this flag is set, the data in the reception data register (RDR) is invalid.
[bit14] ORE: Overrun error flag bit
Table 17.3-17 Overrun Error Flag Bit
ORE
Overrun error
0
No overrun error occurred. [Initial value]
1
Overrun error occurred during reception.
If an overrun error occurs during reception, this bit is set to "1". This bit is cleared when "1" is written
to the CRE bit in the serial control register (SCR).
When this bit and the RIE bit are "1", a reception interrupt request is output.
When this flag is set, the data in the reception data register (RDR) is invalid.
544
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit13] FRE: Framing error flag bit
Table 17.3-18 Framing Error Flag Bit
FRE
Framing error
0
No framing error occurred. [Initial value]
1
Framing error occurred during reception.
If a framing error occurs during reception, this bit is set to "1". This bit is cleared when "1" is written to
the CRE bit in the serial control register (SCR).
When this bit and the RIE bit are "1", a reception interrupt request is output.
When this flag is set, the data in the reception data register (RDR) is invalid.
[bit12] RDRF: Reception data full flag bit
Table 17.3-19 Reception Data Full Flag Bit
RDRF
Reception data register full
0
Reception data register contains no data. [Initial value]
1
Reception data register contains data.
This flag shows the status of the reception data register (RDR).
When received data is stored in the RDR, this bit is set to "1". This bit is cleared to "0" only when the
RDR is read.
When this bit and the RIE bit are "1", a reception interrupt request is output.
[bit11] TDRE: Transmission data empty flag bit
Table 17.3-20 Transmission Data Empty Flag Bit
TDRE
Transmission data register empty
0
Transmission data register contains data.
1
Transmission data register contains no data. [Initial value]
This flag shows the status of the transmission data register (TDR).
This bit is cleared to "0" when transmission data is written to the TDR. This bit is set to "1" when data
is stored into the transmission shift register and transmission starts.
When this bit and the TIE bit are "1", a transmission interrupt request is output.
545
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit10] BDS: Transfer direction selection bit
Table 17.3-21 Transfer Direction Selection Bit
BDS
Transfer direction setting
0
Transmission/reception uses "LSB first" method. [Initial value]
1
Transmission/reception uses "MSB first" method.
Setting this bit selects the transfer direction of the serial transfer data to either of LSB first (BDS=0) or
MSB first (BDS=1).
In mode 3 (LIN mode), this bit is fixed to "0".
Note:
During reading/writing of the serial data register, the high-order side and low-order side of the serial
data is switched. When the value of this bit is changed after data is written to the RDR, the data is
invalid.
[bit9] RIE: Reception interrupt request enable bit
Table 17.3-22 Reception Interrupt Request Enable Bit
RIE
Reception interrupt request enable
0
Disable reception interrupts. [Initial value]
1
Enable reception interrupts.
This bit controls the reception interrupt request to the CPU.
When this bit is set and the reception data flag bit (RDRF) is set to "1" or an error flag (PE, ORE, FRE)
is set, a reception interrupt request is issued.
[bit8] TIE: Transmission interrupt request enable bit
Table 17.3-23 Transmission Interrupt Request Enable Bit
TIE
Transmission interrupt request enable
0
Disable transmission interrupts. [Initial value]
1
Enable transmission interrupts.
This bit controls the transmission interrupt request to the CPU.
When this bit is set and the TDRE bit is set to "1", a transmission interrupt request is issued.
546
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3.4
Transmission/Reception Data Registers (RDR/TDR)
The reception data register (RDR) retains received data, and the transmission data
register retains transmission data. The RDR and TDR are located at the same address.
■ Transmission/Reception Data Registers (RDR/TDR)
Figure 17.3-5 Reception/Transmission Data Registers
RDR/TDR
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Address: 000043H, 00004BH,
000053H, 00005BH,
000063H, 00006BH,
000073H
[bit7 to bit0] D7 to D0: Data registers
Table 17.3-24 Data Registers
Access
Data register
Read
Read from the reception data register
Write
Write to the transmission data register
● Reception
RDR is a register to store received data. The transferred serial data signal received at the SIN pin is
converted in the shift register and stored into this register. If the data length is 7 bits, the most significant
bit (D7) is "0". When reception is complete, the data is stored into this register, and the reception data full
flag bit (SSR: RDRF bit) is set to "1". If a reception interrupt request is enabled in this situation, a reception
interrupt occurs.
Read the RDR when the RDRF bit in the SSR is set to "1". When the RDR is read, the RDRF bit is
automatically cleared to "0". If a reception interrupt is enabled and no reception error occurs, the reception
interrupt is also cleared.
547
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
● Transmission
When transmission is enabled and transmission data is written to the transmission data register, the data is
transferred to the transmission shift register, converted into serial data, and transmitted from the serial data
output (SOT) pin. When the data length is 7 bits, the most significant bit (D7) is not transmitted.
When transmission data is written to this register, the transmission data empty flag bit (SSR: TDRE bit) is
cleared to "0". When the transfer to the transmission shift register is complete, the TDRE bit is set to "1".
When the TDRE bit is "1", the next transmission data can be written to this register. If a transmission
interrupt request is enabled, a transmission interrupt occurs. When a transmission interrupt occurs, or when
the TDRE bit is "1", write the next data.
Note:
The TDR is a write-only register, and the RDR is a read only register. Since these registers are
located at the same address, the read value and write value are different. Therefore, do not access
to these registers with a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction.
548
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3.5
Extended Status/Control Register (ESCR)
The extended status/control register sets the LIN functions. It also enables the direct
access to the SIN and SOT pins and specifies the LIN-UART synchronous clock mode.
■ Extended Status/Control Register (ESCR)
Figure 17.3-6 Bit Configuration of Extended Control Register (ESCR)
ESCR
Address: 000044H, 00004CH, bit15
000054H, 00005CH,
LBIE
000064H, 00006CH,
000074H
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
LBD
LBL1
LBL0
SOPE
SIOP
CCO
SCES
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(x)
(0)
(0)
[bit15] LBIE: LIN-Break detection interrupt enable bit
Table 17.3-25 LIN-Break Detection Interrupt Enable Bit
LBIE
LIN-Break detection interrupt enable
0
Disable LIN-Break interrupts. [Initial value]
1
Enable LIN-Break interrupts.
This bit enables an interrupt which is generated when a LIN-Break is detected.
[bit14] LBD: LIN-Break detection flag bit
Table 17.3-26 LIN-Break Detection Flag Bit
LIN-Break detection
LBD
Write
Read
0
Clear the LIN-Break detection flag.
LIN-Break was not detected.
[Initial value]
1
Invalid
LIN-Break was detected.
When a LIN-Break is detected, this bit is set to "1". This flag bit is cleared when "0" is written to it. If a
LIN-Break detection interrupt has been enabled, the interrupt is also cleared.
For a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction, the return value is always "1". This, however, does not
mean that a LIN-Break was detected.
549
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit13, bit12] LBL1, LBL0: LIN-Break length selection bit
Table 17.3-27 LIN-Break Length Selection Bit
LBL0
LBL1
LIN-Break length
0
0
LIN-Break length is 13 bits. [Initial value]
1
0
LIN-Break length is 14 bits.
0
1
LIN-Break length is 15 bits.
1
1
LIN-Break length is 16 bits.
These bits define the serial bit length of the LIN-Break generated in the LIN-UART. For the LIN-Break
reception, the length is always fixed to 11 bits.
[bit11] SOPE: Serial output pin direct access enable bit
Table 17.3-28 Serial Output Pin Direct Access Enable Bit
SOPE
Serial output pin direct access
0
Disable the direct access to the serial output pin. [Initial value]
1
Enable the direct access to the serial output pin.
Setting this bit to "1" enables the direct writing to the SOT pin.
For details, refer to Table 17.3-30 .
[bit10] SIOP: Serial I/O pin direct access enable bit
Table 17.3-29 Serial I/O Pin Direct Access Enable Bit
Serial I/O pin direct access enable
SIOP
Write (SOPE=1)
0
SOT outputs "0"
1
SOT outputs "1" [Initial value]
Read
The value of SIN is read.
For a normal read instruction, the value at the SIN pin is returned. Writing to this bit sets the value at
the SOT pin. For a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction, the value at SOT is returned.
For details, refer to Table 17.3-30 .
Table 17.3-30 SOPE and SIOP Operations
550
SOPE
SIOP
Write to SIOP
Read from SIOP
0
R/W
The SOT pin is not affected.
The written value is retained.
The value of SIN is read.
1
R/W
Value is written to the SOT pin
and is output.
The value of SIN is read.
1
RMW
The value of the SOT pin is read and written.
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Note:
A setting value of this bit is effective only for the TXE bit of serial control register (SCR) is "0".
[bit9] CCO: Continuous clock output enable bit
Table 17.3-31 Continuous Clock Output Enable Bit
CCO
Continuous clock output (mode 2)
0
Disable continuous clock output. [Initial value]
1
Enable continuous clock output.
When the LIN-UART operates as a master in mode 2 (synchronous mode) and the SCK pin is set for
output, setting this bit enables the continuous serial clock output from SCK.
[bit8] SCES: Serial clock edge selection bit
Table 17.3-32 Serial Clock Edge Selection Bit
SCES
Serial clock edge selection
0
Perform sampling at the rising edge of the clock (normal). [Initial value]
1
Perform sampling at the falling edge of the clock (Inverted clock).
This bit inverts the internal serial clock in mode 2 (synchronous mode). When the LIN-UART operates
as a master in mode 2 (synchronous mode) and the SCK pin is set for output, the output clock is also
inverted.
When the LIN-UART operates as a slave in mode 2, the sampling edge changes from a rising edge to a
falling edge.
551
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3.6
Extended Communication Control Register (ECCR)
The extended communication control register (ECCR) specifies the Bus Idle detection
interrupt, sets the synchronous clock, and generates a LIN-Break.
■ Extended Communication Control Register (ECCR)
Figure 17.3-7 Bit Configuration of Extended Communication Control Register
ECCR
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
LBR
MS
SCDE
SSM
BIE
RBI
TBI
Read/Write
(−)
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(x)
(x)
Address: 000045H, 00004DH,
000055H, 00005DH,
000065H, 00006DH,
000075H
[bit7] Reserved: Reserved bit
This bit is reserved. Be sure to write "0" to this bit.
[bit6] LBR: LIN-Break setting bit
Table 17.3-33 LIN-Break Setting Bit
LIN-Break setting
LBR
Write
0
Invalid [Initial value]
1
Generate LIN-Break.
Read
Read value is always "0".
When the operation mode is mode 0 or 3, writing "1" to this bit generates a LIN-Break of the length
specified with LBL1 and LBL0 in the ESCR.
[bit5] MS: Master/slave mode selection bit
Table 17.3-34 Master/Slave Mode Selection Bit
MS
Master/slave function in mode 2
0
Master mode (Generates a serial clock.) [Initial value]
1
Slave mode (Receives an external serial clock.)
This bit sets the LIN-UART in mode 2 (synchronous mode) to a master or a slave. When set as a
master, the LIN-UART generates a synchronous clock. When set as a slave, it receives an external
serial clock.
552
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Note:
When setting the LIN-UART as a slave, set the clock source to an external clock for the 1-to-1
external clock input (SMR: SCKE=0, EXT=1, OTO=1).
[bit4] SCDE: Serial clock delay enable bit
Table 17.3-35 Serial Clock Delay Enable Bit
SCDE
Serial clock delay enable in mode 2
0
Disable clock delay. [Initial value]
1
Enable clock delay.
When the LIN-UART operates in mode 2 and this bit is set, the serial output clock delays one machine
cycle.
[bit3] SSM: Start/stop bit mode enable
Table 17.3-36 Start/Stop Bit Mode Enable
SSM
Start/stop synchronization in mode 2
0
Disable start/stop bits in mode 2. [Initial value]
1
Enable start/stop bits in mode 2.
When the LIN-UART operates in mode 2, setting this bit adds start and stop bits for synchronization. In
the other modes (modes 0, 1, and 3), this bit is fixed to "0".
[bit2] BIE: Bus idle interrupt enable
Table 17.3-37 Bus Idle Interrupt Enable
BIE
Bus idle interrupt enable
0
Disable Bus Idle interrupts. [Initial value]
1
Enable Bus Idle interrupts.
When neither reception nor transmission is performed (RBI=1, TBI=1), this bit enables a reception
interrupt.
Do not use this bit when the SSM bit is "0" in mode 2.
553
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
[bit1] RBI: Reception bus idle flag bit
Table 17.3-38 Reception Bus Idle Flag Bit
RBI
Reception bus idle
0
During reception
1
Reception idle
When nothing is received at the SIN pin, this bit is set to "1".
Do not use this bit when the SSM bit is "0" in mode 2.
[bit0] TBI: Transmission bus idle flag bit
Table 17.3-39 Transmission Bus Idle Flag Bit
TBI
Transmission bus idle
0
During transmission
1
Transmission idle
When nothing is transmitted at the SOT pin, this bit is set to "1".
Do not use this bit when the SSM bit is "0" in mode 2.
Note:
When setting the operation mode of the LIN-UART to mode 2, do not use the BIE, RBI, and TBI bits
if the SSM bit is "0".
554
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.3.7
Baud Rate/Reload Counter Register (BGR)
The baud rate/reload counter register (BGR) sets the division ratio of the serial clock. It
can also be used to read the accurate value of the transmission reload counter.
■ Baud Rate/Reload Counter Register (BGR)
Figure 17.3-8 Baud Rate/Reload Counter Register
BGR1
Address: 000080H, 000082H, bit15
000084H, 000086H,
Reserved
000088H, 00008AH,
00008CH
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B09
B08
Read/Write
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
B07
B06
B05
B04
B03
B02
B01
B00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
BGR0
Address: 000081H, 000083H,
000085H, 000087H,
000089H, 00008BH,
00008DH
[bit15] Reserved: Reserved bit
This bit is reserved. Read value is always "0".
[bit14 to bit8] B14 to B08: Baud rate generator register 1
Table 17.3-40 Baud Rate Generator Register 1
B14 to B08
Baud rate generator register 1
Write
Write bit14 to bit8 of the reload value to the counter.
Read
Read count bit14 to bit8.
[bit7 to bit0] B07 to B00: Baud rate generator register 0
Table 17.3-41 Baud Rate Generator Register 0
B07 to B00
Baud rate generator register 0
Write
Write bit7 to bit0 of the reload value to the counter.
Read
Read count bit7 to bit0.
555
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Baud Rate/Reload Counter Register (BGR)
The baud rate/reload counter register (BGR) sets the division ratio of the serial clock.
This register can be read/written with byte access or half-word access.
556
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.4
LIN-UART Interrupts
The LIN-UART provides reception interrupts and transmission interrupts. An interrupt
request is generated when any of the following occurs:
• Received data is stored to the reception data register (RDR), or a reception error
occurs.
• Transmission data is transferred from the transmission data register (TDR) to the
transmission shift register.
• LIN-Break is detected.
• Bus Idle (No transmission/reception operation)
■ LIN-UART Interrupts
Table 17.4-1 shows the interrupt control bits and interrupt factors of LIN-UART.
Table 17.4-1 Interrupt Control Bits and Interrupt Factors of LIN-UART
Reception/
Interrupt
transmission/
request flag bit
ICU
Reception
Transmission
Flag
register
Operation mode
Interrupt factor
0
1
2
3
Interrupt
factor
enable bit
How to clear the
interrupt
request
RDRF
SSR
O
O
O
O
Received data
written to RDR
ORE
SSR
O
O
O
O
Overrun error
FRE
SSR
O
O
▲
O
Framing error
PE
SSR
O
X
▲
X
Parity error
LBD
ESCR
O
X
X
O
Detection of LINSync-Break
ESCR: LBIE
Write "1" to the
LBD bit in
ESCR.
TBI & RBI
ECCR
O
O
▲
O
Bus Idle
ECCR: BIE
Receive or
transmit data.
TDRE
SSR
O
O
O
O
Transmission
register empty
SSR: TIE
Write
transmission data.
ICP
ICS
O
X
X
O
First falling edge in
ICS: ICP
LIN-Sync-Field
Dsiabe ICP
temporarily.
ICP
ICS
O
X
X
O
Fifth falling edge in
ICS: ICP
LIN-Sync-Field
Disable ICP.
ICU
Read the received
data.
SSR: RIE
Write "1" to the
reception error
clear bit
(SSR: CRE).
O : Available
▲ : Available when ECCR’s SSM bit is "1".
X : Unavailable
557
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Reception Interrupt
When one of the following events occurs during reception, the corresponding flag bit in the serial status
register (SSR) is set to "1".
• Completion of data reception: RDRF
The received data is transferred from the serial input shift register to the reception data register (RDR)
and becomes readable.
• Overrun error: ORE
RDRF=1 and the RDR was not read from the CPU.
• Framing error: FRE
During the stop bit reception, "0" was received.
• Parity error: PE
An incorrect parity bit was detected.
When a reception interrupt is enabled (SSR: RIE=1) and any of these flags is set to "1", a reception
interrupt is generated.
When the reception data register (RDR) is read, the RDRF flag is automatically cleared to "0". This is the
only method to clear the RDRF flag.
All error flags are cleared to "0" when "1" is written to the reception error flag clear bit (CRE) in the serial
control register (SCR).
Note:
The CRE bit is write-only. When "1" is written, it retains the value for one machine cycle.
■ Transmission Interrupt
When transmission data is transferred from the transmission data register (TDR) to the transmission shift
register (this occurs when the shift register is empty and transmission data exists), the transmission data
register empty flag bit (TDRE) in the serial status register (SSR) is set to "1". If the transmission interrupt
enable bit (TIE) in the SSR has been set in this situation, an interrupt request is generated.
Note:
The initial value of TDRE is "1". Consequently, a transmission interrupt is generated as soon as the
TIE flag is set to "1". The TDRE flag is reset only when data is written to the transmission data
register (TDR).
558
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ LIN-Synch-Break Interrupt
This interrupt is available when the LIN-UART is in mode 0 or operates as a LIN slave in mode 3.
When the serial input bus continues to be "0" for 11 bit times or longer (dominant), the LIN-Break
detection flag bit (LBD) in the extended status/control register (ESCR) is set to "1". When this occurs, the
reception error flag is set to "1" after 9 bit times. Therefore, set the RIE or RXE flag to "0" if you want to
perform the LIN-Synch-Break detection only. Otherwise, you must have a reception error interrupt be
generated first, and then use an interrupt processing routine to wait for LBD=1.
When "1" is written to the LBD flag, the interrupt and the LBD flag are cleared. This ensures that the CPU
reliably detects a LIN-Synch-Break during the procedure of the serial clock adjustment for the LIN master
described below.
■ LIN-Synch-Field Edge Detection Interrupt
This interrupt is available when the LIN-UART is in mode 0 or operates as a LIN slave in mode 3.
After a LIN-Break is detected, the LIN-UART shows the falling edge of the reception bus. At the same
time, an interrupt signal connected to the ICU is set to "1". This signal is reset at the 5th falling edge in the
LIN-Synch-Field. In either case, the ICU generates an interrupt as long as both edges are detected and an
ICU interrupt has been enabled. The difference in the counter values detected by the ICU is eight times
greater than that of the serial clock. Using this result enables calculation of baud rate for the dedicated
reload counter.
Since the reload counter is automatically reset when the falling edge of the start bit is detected, restart
operation is unnecessary.
■ Bus Idle Interrupt
When no reception activity is detected at the SIN pin, the RBI flag bit in the ECCR is set to "1". Similarly,
when no transmission activity is detected at the SOT pin, the TBI flag bit is set to "1". When the Bus Idle
enable bit (BIE) in the ECCR is set and both Bus Idle flags (TBI and RBI) are set to "1", an interrupt is
generated.
Note:
When "0" is written to the SIOP bit while the SOPE bit is "1", the TBI flag is set to "0" even when no
bus activity is detected. The TBI and RBI bits cannot be used when the SSM bit in the ECCR register
is "0" in mode 2 (synchronous mode).
559
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Figure 17.4-1 shows the generation of the Bus Idle interrupt.
Figure 17.4-1 Generation of Bus Idle Interrupt
Transmission
data
Reception
data
TBI
RBI
Reception
IRQ
: Start bit
560
: Stop bit
: Data bit
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.4.1
Reception Interrupt Generation and Flag Set Timing
This section describes a reception interrupt factor, reception completion (SSR: RDRF
bit), and the occurrence of reception errors (SSR: PE, ORE, and FRE bits).
■ Reception Interrupt Generation and Flag Set Timing
When the reception interrupt enable flag bit (RIE) in the serial status register (SSR) is set to "1" and the
data reception is complete (RDRF=1), an interrupt is generated. This interrupt is generated when a stop bit
is detected in mode 0, 1, 2 (SSM=1), or 3, or when the last data bit is read in mode 2 (SSM=0).
Note:
If a reception error occurs, the content of the reception data register is invalid regardless of the
operation mode.
Figure 17.4-2 Reception Activity and Flag Set Timing
Receive data
(mode 0/mode 3)
ST
D0
D1
D2
D5
D6
D7/
P
SP
ST
Receive data
(mode 1)
ST
D0
D1
D2
D6
D7
AD
SP
ST
D0
D1
D2
D4
D5
D6
D7
D0
Receive data
(mode 2)
PE*1, FRE
RDRF
ORE*2
(if RDRF=1)
*1: The PE flag will always remain "0" in mode 1 or mode 3.
*2: ORE only occurs, if the reception data is not read by
the CPU (RDRF=1) and another fram is read.
ST: Start Bit
SP: Stop Bit
Reception interrupt occurs
AD: Mode 1 (multi processor) address/data selection bit
Note:
Figure 17.4-2 does not show all reception options available in modes 0 and 3.
Only "7p1" and "8N1" are shown here (p="E"[even] or "O"[odd]).
561
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Figure 17.4-3 ORE Set Timing
Receive
data
RDRF
ORE
562
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.4.2
Transmission Interrupt Generation and Flag Timing
A transmission interrupt is generated when the transmission data register (TDR) is
ready to accept writing of the next transmission data.
■ Transmission Interrupt Generation and Flag Timing
A transmission interrupt is generated when the transmission data register (TDR) is ready to accept writing
of the next transmission data. When the transmission interrupt enable bit (TIE) in the serial status register
(SSR) is set to "1" to enable a transmission interrupt, and the TDR becomes empty, a transmission interrupt
is generated.
The transmission register empty (TDRE) flag bit in the SSR indicates whether the TDR is empty. The
TDRE bit is read only. This flag is cleared only when data is written to the TDR.
Figure 17.4-4 shows the transmission activity and flag set timing.
Figure 17.4-4 Transmission Activity and Flag Set Timing
Transmission interrupt occurs
Transmission interrupt occurs
Mode 0,1 or 3:
Write to TDR
TDRE
Serial output
P
P
ST D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 AD SP ST D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 AD SP
Transmission interrupt occurs
Transmission interrupt occurs
Mode 2 (SSM = 0):
Write to TDR
TDRE
Serial output
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4
ST: Start bit D0 to D7: data bits
P: Parity
AD: Address/data selection bit (mode1)
SP: Stop bit
Note:
The example in Figure 17.4-4 does not show all transmission options available in mode 0.
Only "8p1" (p="E"[even] or "O"[odd]) is shown here. When the SSM bit is "0" in modes 3 and 2, parity
is not added.
563
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Transmission Interrupt Request Generation Timing
When a transmission interrupt is enabled (SSR: TIE bit=1) and the TDRE flag is set to "1", a transmission
interrupt request is generated.
Note:
The initial value of the TDRE is "1". Therefore, a transmission completion interrupt is set as soon as
a transmission interrupt is enabled (TIE=1). The TDRE is read only. The TDRE flag is cleared only
when data is written to the transmission data register (TDR). Be sure to determine proper timing to
enable a transmission interrupt.
564
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.5
LIN-UART Baud Rate Setting
Any of the following can be selected as a serial clock for the LIN-UART.
• Dedicated baud rate generator (reload counter)
• External clock (Clock input from the SCK pin)
• External clock used for the baud rate generator (reload counter)
■ Selecting the Baud Rate for the LIN-UART
Figure 17.5-1 shows the baud rate selection circuit (reload counter). Baud rate can be selected from the
following three options:
● Dedicated baud rate generator (reload counter)
The LIN-UART has independent reload counters for the transmission and reception serial clocks
respectively. Baud rate is set based on the 15-bit reload value stored in the baud rate generator register
(BGR).
The reload counter divides the frequency of the machine clock using the setting value in the baud rate
generator register.
● External clock (1-to-1 mode)
The clock input received at the LIN-UART’s clock input pin (SCK) is directly used as baud rate.
● External clock used for the dedicated baud rate generator
It is also possible to connect an external clock to the reload counter inside the device. In this option, the
external clock is used as a replacement of the internal machine clock.
565
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Figure 17.5-1 Baud Rate Selection Circuit (Reload Counter)
REST
Start bit falling
edge detected
Reload Value: v
Rxc = 0?
Set
Reception
15-bit Reload Counter Reload
Rxc = v/2?
FF
Reset
0
1
EXT
Reload Value: v
Txc = 0?
CLK
SCK
(External
clock
input)
0
Set
Transmission
15-bit Reload Counter Reload
1
Count Value: Txc
Txc = v/2?
FF
Reset
0
566
OTO
1
Transmission
Clock
Internal data bus
EXT
REST
OTO
Reception
Clock
SMR
register
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B09
B08
BGR1
register
B07
B06
B05
B04
B03
B02
B01
B00
BGR0
register
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.5.1
Baud Rate Setting
This section describes the baud rate setting procedure and the calculation result of the
serial clock frequency.
■ Baud Rate Calculation
The baud rate generator register (BGR) sets the 15-bit reload counter.
Use the following formula to calculate the baud rate.
v = [φ / b] − 1
Where, "φ" is the machine clock frequency, and "b" is the baud rate.
● Calculation example
When the machine clock is 16 MHz and the target baud rate is 19200 bps, the reload value "v" can be
calculated as follows:
v = [16 × 106 / 19200] − 1 = 832
The precise value of the baud rate can be obtained by the following re-calculation:
bexact = φ / (v + 1) = 16 × 106 / 833 = 19207.6831 bps
Note:
When the reload value is set to "0", the reload counter stops. Consequently, the minimum division
ratio is 2.
567
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Examples of Baud Rate Settings by Machine Clock Frequencies
Table 17.5-1 lists the examples of baud rate settings by machine clock frequency.
Table 17.5-1 Examples of Baud Rate Settings By Machine Clock Frequency
Baud rate
(bps)
9 MHz
10 MHz
18 MHz
20 MHz
value
dev.
value
dev.
value
dev.
value
dev.
4M
−
−
−
−
−
−
4
0
2M
4
10.00
4
0.00
8
0.00
9
0
1M
8
0.00
9
0.00
17
0.00
19
0
500000
17
0.00
19
0.00
35
0.00
39
0
460800
−
−
−
−
38
-0.16
−
−
250000
35
0.00
39
0.00
71
0.00
79
0
230400
38
-0.16
−
−
77
-0.16
−
−
153600
58
0.69
64
-0.16
116
-0.16
129
-0.16
125000
71
0.00
79
0.00
143
0.00
159
0
115200
77
-0.16
86
0.22
155
-0.16
173
0.22
76800
116
-0.16
129
-0.16
233
-0.16
259
-0.16
57600
155
-0.16
173
0.22
312
0.16
346
-0.06
38400
233
-0.16
259
-0.16
468
0.05
520
0.03
28800
312
0.16
346
-0.06
624
0.00
693
-0.06
19200
468
0.05
520
0.03
937
0.05
1041
0.03
10417
863
0.00
959
0.00
1727
0.00
1919
0
9600
937
0.05
1041
0.03
1874
0.00
2083
0.03
7200
1249
0.00
1388
0.01
2499
0.00
2777
0.01
4800
1874
0.00
2082
-0.02
3749
0.00
4166
0.01
2400
3749
0.00
4166
0.01
7499
0.00
8332
0
1200
7499
0.00
8332
0.00
14999
0.00
16666
0
600
14999
0.00
16666
0.00
29999
0.00
−
−
300
29999
0.00
−
−
−
−
−
−
Note:
The unit of the deviation (dev.) is %.
The maximum synchronization baud rate is 5 divisions of the machine clock.
568
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Using an External Clock
When the EXT bit in the SMR is set, an external pin SCK is selected for clock input. The external clock is
treated in the same manner as the internal MCU clock. It is designed, by connecting the SCK pin to a
1.8432-MHz quartz oscillator, for example, to use the reload counter to select every baud rate of PC-16550LIN-UART.
When the "1-to-1" external clock input mode (SMR: OTO bit) is selected, the SCK signal is directly
connected to the LIN-UART serial clock input. This is necessary to use the LIN-UART as a slave device in
mode 2 (synchronous mode).
Note:
In either case, the clock signal is synchronized with the MCU clock inside the LIN-UART. This means
that the clock ratio which cannot be divided may result in unstable signals.
■ Example of Counting
Figure 17.5-2 shows the example of counting by reload counters. In this example, the reload value is
assumed to be 832.
Figure 17.5-2 Example of Counting by Reload Counters
Transmission/
Reception Clock
Reload
Count
001
000
832
831
830
829
828
827
412
411
410
Reload Count value
Transmission/
Reception Clock
Reload
Count
417
416
415
414
413
Note:
The falling edge of the serial clock signal is always after |(v + 1) / 2|.
569
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.5.2
Restarting Reload Counter
The reload counter can be restarted with the following factors:
(Common to the transmission and reception reload counters)
• MCU reset
• LIN-UART software clear (SMR: UPCL bit)
• LIN-UART software restart (SMR: REST bit)
(Reception reload counter only)
• Falling edge of the start bit in asynchronous mode
■ Software Restart
When the REST bit in the serial mode register (SMR) is set, both transmission/reception reload counters
are restarted at the next clock cycle. This function is provided to use the transmission reload counter as a
timer.
Figure 17.5-3 shows the example of reload counter restart operation. The reload value is assumed as 100.
Figure 17.5-3 Example of Reload Counter Restart Operation
MCU
Clock
Reload Counter
Clock Outputs
REST
Reload
Value
37
36 35 100 99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89 88
87
Read
BGR0/BGR1
Data
Bus
90
: Don’t care
In this example, the MCU clock cycle count (cyc) after the REST is set is obtained as follows:
cyc = v − c + 1 = 100 − 90 + 1 = 11
Where, "v" is the reload value, and "c" is the readout counter value.
570
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Note:
When the LIN-UART is reset by the UPCL bit in the SMR, the reload counter is also restarted.
■ Automatic Restart
In the asynchronous mode of the LIN-UART, the reception reload counter is restarted when the falling
edge of the start bit is detected. This is intended to synchronize the serial input shift register with the input
serial data.
571
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6
LIN-UART Operations
In operation mode 0, the LIN-UART normally operates for bidirectional serial
communication. In mode 2 or mode 3, it offers bidirectional communication as a master
or a slave. In mode 1, it offers multiprocessor communication as a master or a slave.
■ LIN-UART Operations
● Operation mode
The LIN-UART can be used in four operation modes: Modes 0 to 3. Table 17.6-1 shows available
operation modes according to the connection settings between the CPUs and the data transfer type.
Table 17.6-1 Operation Modes of LIN-UART
Data length
Operation mode
0 Normal mode
1 Multiprocessor mode
Parity
disabled
7-bit or 8-bit
7-bit or 8bit + 1 (*2)
2 Normal mode
3 LIN mode
Parity
enabled
−
8-bit
8-bit
−
Synchronization
Stop bit
length
Data direction
*1
Asynchronous
1-bit or 2-bit L/M
Asynchronous
1-bit or 2-bit L/M
Synchronous
0-bit, 1-bit or
L/M
2-bit
Asynchronous
1-bit
L
*1: Indicates the type of the transfer data (LSB first or MSB first).
*2: "+1" expresses the bit displayed in the address/data section which is added instead of the parity bit in
the multiprocessor mode.
Note:
Mode 1 supports both master and slave operations of the LIN-UART in the master/slave connection
system. In mode 3, the functions of the LIN-UART are fixed as 8N1 format, LSB first.
When the mode is changed, the LIN-UART stops all the current transmission/reception operations
and starts the next action.
■ Connection between CPUs
Either the external clock "1-to-1" connection (normal mode) or the master/slave connection (multiprocessor
mode) can be selected. In either connection, the settings of the data length, parity, and synchronization
method must be the same in all CPUs.
Select the operation mode according to the following instructions:
• In the "1-to-1" connection, set the two CPUs in operation mode 0 (asynchronous transfer mode) or
operation mode 2 (synchronous transfer mode). To use mode 2, be sure to set one CPU as a master, and
the other as a slave.
• In the master/slave connection, select operation mode 1 and use the CPUs as either a master or a slave.
572
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Synchronization Method
In the asynchronous operation mode, the LIN-UART reception clock is automatically synchronized with
the falling edge of the reception start bit.
In the synchronous operation mode, the synchronization is performed either by the clock signal of the
master device, or by the LIN-UART itself if it operates as a master.
■ Single Mode
The LIN-UART treats data as NRZ (Non Return to Zero) format data.
■ Operation Enable Bit
The LIN-UART controls transmission and reception using the transmission enable bit (SCR: TXE bit) and
the reception enable bit (SCR: RXE bit). When the operation is disabled, the transmission and reception
will stop in the following steps respectively:
• When the reception operation is disabled during reception (inputting data to the reception shift register),
the frame reception finishes. After the received data in the reception data register (RDR) is read, the
reception stops.
• When transmission operation is disabled during transmission (outputting data from the transmission
shift register), the transmission continues until no data remains in the transmission data register (TDR),
and then stops.
573
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.1
Operation in Asynchronous Mode
(Operation Modes 0 and 1)
When the LIN-UART is used in operation mode 0 (normal mode) or operation mode 1
(multiprocessor mode), the asynchronous transfer mode is selected.
■ Transfer Data Format
The data transfer in the asynchronous mode starts with the start bit ("L" level), and ends with the stop bit
(the least 1 bit, "H" level). The direction of the bit stream (LSB first or MSB first) is determined by the
BDS bit in the serial status register (SSR). When a parity bit is enabled, it is placed between the last data bit
and the stop bit.
In operation mode 0, the length of the data frame is 7 or 8 bits, including the address/data separation bit
which is used instead of a parity bit. The stop bit length is selectable from 1 bit or 2 bits.
The bit length of the transfer frame can be calculated as follows:
Bit length = 1 + d + p + s
(d = Data bit [7-bit or 8-bit], p = Parity [0-bit or 1-bit], s = Stop bit [1-bit or 2-bit])
Figure 17.6-1 Transfer Data Format (Operation Modes 0 and 1)
*1
Operation mode 0
ST
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7/P
Operation mode 1
ST
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
*2
SP
AD
SP
SP
*1: D7 (bit 7) if parity is not provided and data length is 8 bits
P (parity) if parity is provided and data length is 7 bits
*2: Only if SBL-Bit of SCR is set to "1"
ST: Start Bit
SP: Stop Bit
AD: Address/data selectio n bit in mode 1 (multiprocessor mode)
Note:
When the BDS bit in the serial status register (SSR) is set to "1" (MSB first), the bit stream is
processed in the order of D7, D6, ..., D1, D0, (P).
When two bits are selected as stop bits, both of them are detected during reception. The reception data full
flag (RDRF), however, is set to "1" at the reception of the first stop bit. If the second stop bit is detected
and the next start bit is not detected, the Bus Idle flag (ECCR: RBI bit) is set to "1".
574
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Transmission Operation
When the transmission data register empty flag (TDRE) bit in the serial status register (SSR) is set to "1",
data is allowed to be written to the transmission data register (TDR). When data is written to the TDR, the
TDRE flag is set to "0". When the transmission operation is enabled by the TXE bit in the serial control
register (SCR), the data is written to the transmission shift register, and the transmission starts at the next
serial clock cycle, beginning with the start bit. This sets the TDRE flag to "1", and then it is possible to
write the next data to the TDR.
When a transmission interrupt is enabled (TIE=1), the interrupt is generated by the TDRE flag. Since the
initial value of the TDRE flag is "1", the interrupt occurs as soon as the TIE bit is set to "1".
If the bit length is set to 7 bits (CL=0), the most significant bit (MSB) of the TDR becomes an unused bit
regardless of the bit direction setting of the BDS bit (LSB first or MSB first).
■ Reception Operation
Reception operation is performed when it is enabled by the RXE flag bit in the SCR. When the start bit is
detected, a data frame is received according to the format specified in the SCR. When an error occurs, the
corresponding error flag (PE, ORE, or FRE) is set. After the data frame is received, the data is transferred
from the serial shift register to the reception data register (RDR), and the reception data register full flag
(RDRF) bit in the SSR is set. To clear the RDRF flag, the RDR must be read from the CPU. When a
reception interrupt is enabled (RIE=1), the interrupt is generated by the RDRF.
If the data length is set to 7 bits (CL=0), the most significant bit (MSB) of the RDR becomes an unused bit
regardless of the bit direction setting of the BDS bit (LSB first or MSB first).
Note:
When the RDRF flag is set and no error occurs, the reception data register (RDR) contains valid
data.
Set the reception enable flag (RXE) to "1" while the reception bus level is "H".
■ Stop Bit
For transmission, one bit or two bits can be selected as stop bits. When two stop bits are set for reception,
both are detected. This is intended to properly set the reception Bus Idle (RBI) flag in the ECCR after the
detection of the second stop bit.
■ Error Detection
In mode 0, parity, overrun, and framing errors can be detected.
In mode 1, overrun and framing errors can be detected. Parity is not used in this mode.
■ Parity
In mode 0 (and in mode 2 where the SSM bit in the ECCR is set), when the parity enable (PEN) bit in the
serial control register (SCR) is set, the LIN-UART performs parity calculation (during transmission) or
parity detection and check (during reception).
The P bit in the SCR specifies whether to use odd parity or even parity.
575
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.2
Operation in Synchronous Mode (Operation Mode 2)
The clock synchronous transfer is used in the LIN-UART operation mode 2 (normal
mode).
■ Transfer Data Format
In the synchronous mode, when the SSM bit in the extended communication control register (ECCR) is "0",
8-bit data is transferred without waiting for start/stop bits. The data format in mode 2 depends on the clock
signal.
Figure 17.6-2 shows the transfer data format (operation mode 2).
Figure 17.6-2 Transfer Data Format (Operation Mode 2)
Reception or transfer data
(ECCR:SSM=0, SCR:PEN=0)
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Reception or transfer data
(ECCR:SSM=1, SCR:PEN=0)
ST
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
SP
*
SP
Reception or transfer data
(ECCR:SSM=1, SCR:PEN=1)
ST
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
P
SP
*
SP
*: Only if SBL-Bit of SCR is set to
ST: Start Bit
SP: Stop Bit
P: Parity Bit
■ Clock Inversion and Start/Stop Bits in Mode 2
If the SCES bit in the extended status/control register (ESCR) is set, the serial clock is inverted. As a result,
if the LIN-UART is a slave, it captures data at the falling edge of the reception serial clock. When the LINUART is a master and the SCES bit is set, the clock signal’s mark level becomes "0". When the SSM bit in
the extended communication control register (ECCR) is set, start and stop bits are added to the data format
as in the case of the asynchronous mode.
Figure 17.6-3 Transfer Data Format with Inverted Clock
Mark level
Reception or transmission clock
(SCES=0, CCO=0):
Reception or transmission clock
(SCES=1, CCO=0):
Data stream (SSM=1)
(here: no parity, 1 stop bit)
Mark level
ST
SP
Data frame
576
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Clock Supply
In the clock synchronous mode (normal mode), the number of transmitted/received bits is equal to the
number of clock cycles. If the start/stop synchronization communication is enabled, the number of clock
cycles matches with the value including the start/stop bits.
If the internal clock (dedicated reload timer) is selected, the data received with clock synchronization is
automatically generated when it is transmitted.
If the external clock is selected, data is stored in the transmission data register, and the clock cycle for each
bit to be sent is supplied or generated externally. When the SCES is "0", the mark level ("H") is retained
before transmission starts and after transmission finishes.
Setting the SCDE bit in the ECCR delays the transmission clock signal by 1 machine cycle so that the
transmission data is valid and stable at any falling edge of the clock. (This is necessary for the receiving
device to capture data at the rising or falling edge of the clock.) This function is disabled when the CCO is
set.
Figure 17.6-4 Delayed Transmission Clock Signal (SCDE=1)
Transmission data
writing
Reception data sample edg (SCES = 0)
Mark level
Transmitting or
receiving clock
(normal)
Mark level
Transmitting clock
(SCDE=1)
Mark level
Transmission and
reception data
0
1
1
0
LSB
1
0
Data
0
1
MSB
When the serial clock edge selection (SCES) bit in the ESCR is set, the LIN-UART clock is inverted, and
the received data is captured at the falling edge of the clock. In this case, make sure that the serial data is
valid at the falling edge of the clock.
When the LIN-UART is a master and the CCO bit in the extended status/control register (ESCR) is set, the
serial clock is continuously output from the SCK pin. In this case, be sure to use both start and stop bits to
clearly notify the receiver of the beginning and end of a data frame. Figure 17.6-5 lists the continuous
clock output in mode 2.
Figure 17.6-5 Continuous Clock Output in Mode 2
Reception or transmission clock
(SCES=0, CCO=1):
Reception or transmission clock
(SCES=1, CCO=1):
Data stream (SSM=1)
(here: no parity, 1 stop bit)
ST
SP
Data frame
577
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Error Detection
When start/stop bits are not used (ECCR: SSM=0), only overrun errors are detected.
■ Communication
The initialization of the synchronous communication mode requires the following settings:
• Baud rate generator register (BGR)
Set a reload value to the dedicated baud rate reload counter.
• Serial mode register (SMR)
MD1, MD0:
"10B" (Mode 2)
SCKE:
"1" (for using the dedicated baud rate reload counter)
"0" (external clock input)
• Serial control register (SCR)
RXE, TXE:
Set these flag bits to "1".
SBL, AD:
No stop bit; No address/data separation; The value is invalid.
CL:
Automatically fixed to 8-bit data; The value is invalid.
CRE:
"1" (The error flag is cleared for initialization; Transmission/reception stops.)
When SSM=0: No parity; The setting values of PEN and P are invalid.
When SSM=1: The setting values of PEN and P are valid.
• Serial status register (SSR)
BDS:
"0" (LSB first), "1" (MSB first)
RIE:
"1" (Interrupt enabled), "0" (Interrupt disabled)
TIE:
"1" (Interrupt enabled), "0" (Interrupt disabled)
• Extended communication control register (ECCR)
SSM:
"0" (No start/stop bits, normal)
"1" (with start/stop bits, special)
MS:
"0" (Master mode; The LIN-UART generates a serial clock.)
"1" (Slave mode; The LIN-UART receives a serial clock from an external device.)
To start communication, write data into the transmission data register (TDR). To only receive data, stop the
output with the serial output enable (SOE) bit in the SMR, and write dummy data to the TDR.
Note:
As in the asynchronous mode, you can use a continuous clock, start/stop bits, and bidirectional
communication.
578
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.3
Operation with LIN Function (Operation Mode 3)
The LIN-UART can be used as either a LIN master device or a LIN slave device. Mode 3
has been assigned to the LIN function. Setting the LIN-UART to mode 3 specifies the
data format to 8N1, LSB first.
■ LIN-UART as LIN Master
In the LIN master mode, the master determines the baud rate of the entire bus. Consequently, slave devices
are synchronized with the master device. The baud rate specified in the master operation after initialization
is retained.
When "1" is written to the LBR bit in the extended communication control register (ECCR), "L" level of 13
to 16 bit times is output to the SOT pin. This signifies a LIN-Sync-Break and the start of LIN message.
As a result, the TDRE flag in the serial status register (SSR) is set to "0". This flag is reset to "1" after the
break, and generates a transmission interrupt to the CPU when the TIE bit in the SSR is "1".
The length of the Sync-Break to be transmitted can be set with the LBL1 and LBL0 bits in the ESCR as
shown in Table 17.6-2 .
Table 17.6-2 LIN-Break Length
LBL1
LBL0
Break length
0
0
13 bit times
0
1
14 bit times
1
0
15 bit times
1
1
16 bit times
The Synch-Field can be transmitted as one byte "55H" after the LIN-Break. To prevent a transmission
interrupt, you can write "55H" to the TDR by writing "1" to the LBR even if the TDRE flag is "0". The
transmission shift register waits until the LIN-Break finishes, and then shifts the TDR value. In this case,
no interrupt is generated after the LIN-Break and before the start bit.
579
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ LIN-UART as LIN Slave
In the LIN slave mode, the LIN-UART synchronizes with the baud rate of the master. If reception is
disabled (RXE=0) but the LIN-Break interrupt is enabled (LBIE=1), and the Synch-Break to the LIN
master is detected and indicated by the LBD flag in the ESCR, the LIN-UART generates a reception
interrupt. Writing "0" to this bit clears the interrupt.
Then, the baud rate of the LIN master is analyzed. The LIN-UART detects the first falling edge in the
Synch-Field. The LIN-UART signals it to the input capture (ICU) via the internal signal, and resets the
signal to the ICU at the fifth falling edge. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the ICU as the LIN input
capture and enable its interrupts. The period when the signal to the ICU is "1" is the accurate baud rate of
the LIN master divided by 8.
The baud rate setting value can be calculated as follows:
Without timer overflow: BGR value = (b − a) / 8
With timer overflow:
BGR value = (Max + b − a) / 8
Where, "Max" is the maximum value of the timer, "a" is the value of the ICU counter register after the first
interrupt, and "b" is the value of the ICU counter register after the second interrupt.
580
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ LIN-Synch-Break Interrupt Detection and Flag
When a LIN-Synch-Break is detected in the slave mode, the LIN-Break detection (LBD) flag in the ESCR
is set to "1". If the LIN-Break interrupt enable (LBIE) bit has been set, it is considered to be an interrupt
factor.
Figure 17.6-6 shows the timing of the LIN-Synch-Break detection and flag setting.
Figure 17.6-6 Timing of LIN-Synch-Break Detection and Flag Setting
Serial clock
cycle#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Serial
clock
Serial
input
(LIN bus)
FRE
(RXE=1)
LBD
(RXE=0)
Reception interrupt occurs, if RXE=1
Reception interrupt occurs, if RXE=0
When reception is enabled (RXE=1) and an reception interrupt is enabled (RIE=1), the reception data
framing error (FRE) flag bit becomes a reception interrupt factor 2 bit times ("8N1") faster than the LINBreak interrupt. If you want to use the LIN-Break, set the RXE to "0".
The LBD can be used in operation modes 0 and 3.
Figure 17.6-7 Operation of LIN-UART as LIN Slave
Serial
clock
Serial
Input
(LIN bus)
LBR cleared
by CPU
LBD
Internal
ICU
Signal
Synch break (e.g. 14 Tbit)
Synch field
581
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ LIN Bus Timing
Figure 17.6-8 LIN Bus Timing and LIN-UART Signals
Old serial clock
No clock used
(calibration frame)
New (calibrated) serial clock
ICU count
LIN bus
(SIN)
RXE
LBD
(IRQ0)
LBIE
Internal
Signal to
ICU
IRQ from
ICU
RDRF
(IRQ0)
RIE
Read
RDR
by CPU
Reception Interrupt enable
LIN break begins
LIN break detected and Interrupt
IRQ cleared by CPU (LBD -> 0)
IRQ from ICU
IRQ cleared: Begin of Input Capture
IRQ from ICU
IRQ cleared: Calculate & set new baud rate
LBIE disable
Reception enable
Edge of Start bit of Identifier byte
Byte read in RDR
RDR read by CPU
582
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.4
Direct Access to Serial Pins
The LIN-UART allows the direct access to the values of transmission pins (SOT) and
reception pins (SIN).
■ Direct Access to LIN-UART Pins
The LIN-UART provides a function to directly access to the value of the serial input/output pins by using
software. Reading the SIOP bit in the ESCR enables monitoring of the serial input data. When the serial
output pin direct access enable (SOPE) bit in the ESCR is set, the software can fix the output value from
the SOT pin. This is possible only when the transmission shift register is empty, such as when there is no
transmission activity.
In the LIN mode, this function can be used to read back the data which you have transmitted. It can also be
used for error handling when some physical failure exists on the single-wire LIN bus.
Note:
The SIOP retains the value which was written most recently. To prevent unnecessary edge output,
write a value to the SIOP before configuring the access to the output pin.
During the read-modify-write (RMW) instruction to the SIOP bit, the value of the SOT pin is returned.
For the normal read instruction, the value of the SIN pin is returned.
583
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.5
Bidirectional Communication Function (Normal Mode)
Operation modes 0 and 2 offer normal serial bidirectional communication. Select
operation mode 0 for asynchronous communication, and operation mode 2 for
synchronous communication.
■ Bidirectional Communication Function
Figure 17.6-9 shows the LIN-UART settings in operation modes 0 and 2.
Figure 17.6-9 LIN-UART Settings in Operation Modes 0 and 2
bit 15
14
13
12
11
P
SBL
CL
AD CRE RXE TXE MD1 MD0 OTO EXT REST UPCL SCKE SOE
Mode 0 → ❍
❍
❍
❍
X
0
❍
❍
0
0
X
0
0
0
1
❍
Mode 2 →
❑
❑
X
X
0
❍
❍
1
0
❍
❍
0
0
❍
❍
SCR, SMR
PEN
❑
SSR,
TDR/RDR
10
9
PE ORE FRE RDRF TDRE BDS RIE
8
TIE
Mode 0 → ❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Mode 2 →
❍
❑
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❑
ESCR, ECCR LBIE LBD LBL1 LBL0 SOPE SIOP CCO SECS
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Set conversion data (during writing)
Retain reception data (during reading)
Reserved
LBR MS SCDE SSM BIE
RBI
TBI
Mode 0 → ❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
X
X
❍
X
X
X
❍
❍
❍
Mode 2 →
X
X
X
❍
❍
❍
❍
X
❍
❍
❍
❑
❑
❑
X
❍ : Bit used
X : Bit not used
1 : Set 1
0 : Set 0
❑ : Bit used if SSM=1 (Synchronous start-/stop-bit mode)
+ : Bit automatically set to correct value
■ Connection between CPUs
Figure 17.6-10 shows the connection example for bidirectional communication in LIN-UART operation
mode 2.
Figure 17.6-10 Connection Example for Bidirectional Communication in LIN-UART Operation Mode 2
SOT
SOT
SIN
SIN
SCK
CPU-1 (Master)
584
Output
Input
SCK
CPU-2 (Slave)
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.6
Master/Slave Communication Function
(Multiprocessor Mode)
In the master/slave mode, the LIN-UART communication with multiple CPUs is possible
from either a master or slave system.
■ Master/Slave Communication Function
Figure 17.6-11 shows the LIN-UART settings in operation mode 1.
Figure 17.6-11 LIN-UART Settings in Operation Mode 1
bit 15
SCR, SMR
Mode 1 →
SSR,
TDR/RDR
14
13
12
11
10
9
PEN
P
SBL
CL
AD CRE RXE TXE MD1 MD0 OTO EXT REST UPCL SCKE SOE
+
X
❍
❍
❍
❍
0
PE ORE FRE RDRF TDRE BDS RIE
Mode 1 →
X
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
8
❍
TIE
X
X
X
X
❍
❍
X
6
0
1
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
1
0
❍
Set conversion data (during writing)
Retain reception data (during reading)
❍
ESCR, ECCR LBIE LBD LBL1 LBL0 SOPE SIOP CCO SECS
Mode 1 →
7
Reserved
LBR MS SCDE SSM BIE
X
X
X
X
X
❍
RBI
TBI
❍
❍
❍ : Bit used
X
1
0
+
: Bit not used
: Set 1
: Set 0
: Bit automatically set to correct value
■ Connection between CPUs
Figure 17.6-12 shows the connection example of LIN-UART master/slave communication. The LINUART can be used for the master or slave CPU.
Figure 17.6-12 Connection Example of LIN-UART Master/Slave Communication
SOT
SIN
Master CPU
SOT
SIN
Slave CPU #0
SOT
SIN
Slave CPU #1
585
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Function Settings
For the master/slave communication, set the operation mode and data transfer mode as shown in the table
below:
Table 17.6-3 Settings of Master/Slave Communication Functions
Operation mode
Data
Master CPU
Address
transmission/ Mode 1
reception
(AD bit
transmission/
Data
transmission/ reception)
Parity
Synchronization
method
Stop bit
None
Asynchronous
1 bit or 2 bits
Slave CPU
Mode 2 (AD
bit
transmission/
reception)
reception
AD=1 +
7-bit or 8-bit
address
AD=0 +
7-bit or 8-bit
data
Bit direction
LSB first or
MSB first
■ Communication Procedure
When the master CPU transmits address data, communication starts. The AD bit in the address data is set to
"1", and the communication target CPU is selected. Each slave CPU checks the address data. When the
address data indicates the address assigned to one of the slave CPUs, the slave CPU communicates with the
master CPU (normal mode).
The following is a flowchart of the master/slave communication (multiprocessor mode).
586
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
Figure 17.6-13 Flowchart of Master/Slave Communication
(Master CPU)
(Slave CPU)
Start
Start
Set operation mode 1
Set operation mode 1
Set SIN pin as the
serial data input pin.
Set SOT pin as the
serial data output pin.
Set SIN pin as the
serial data input pin.
Set SOT pin as the
serial data output pin.
Set 7 or 8 data bits.
Set 1 or 2 stop bits.
Set 7 or 8 data bits.
Set 1 or 2 stop bits.
Set "1" in AD bit
Set TXE = RXE = 1
Set TXE = RXE = 1
Receive Byte
Send Slave Address
Is
AD bit = 1 ?
Waiting
NO
YES
Bus-idle
Interrupt
Does
Slave Address
match ?
Set "0" in AD bit
NO
YES
Communication with
slave CPU
Is
communication
complete?
Communication with
master CPU
NO
YES
Communicate
with another
slave CPU?
Is
communication
complete?
NO
YES
NO
YES
Set TXE = RXE = 0
End
587
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.7
LIN Communication Function
The LIN-UART communication with LIN devices is possible with either LIN master or LIN
slave system.
■ LIN Master/Slave Communication Function
Figure 17.6-14 shows the LIN-UART settings in operation mode 3 (LIN).
Figure 17.6-14 LIN-UART Settings in Operation Mode 3 (LIN)
bit 15
SCR, SMR
14
13
12
11
PEN
P
SBL
CL
AD CRE RXE TXE MD1 MD0 OTO EXT REST UPCL SCKE SOE
+
X
+
+
Mode 3 →
SSR,
TDR/RDR
X
10
0
9
❍
PE ORE FRE RDRF TDRE BDS RIE
Mode 3 →
X
❍
❍
❍
❍
+
❍
8
❍
TIE
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
X
6
1
1
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
1
0
1
0
❍
Set conversion data (during writing)
Retain reception data (during reading)
❍
ESCR, ECCR LBIE LBD LBL1 LBL0 SOPE SIOP CCO SECS
Mode 3 → ❍
7
0
Reserved
LBR MS SCDE SSM BIE
❍
X
X
X
RBI
TBI
❍
❍
❍
❍ : Bit used
X
1
0
+
: Bit not used
: Set 1
: Set 0
: Bit automatically set to correct value
■ LIN Device Connection
Figure 17.6-15 shows the connection example of LIN bus system. The LIN-UART can be configured as
either of a LIN master or a LIN slave.
Figure 17.6-15 Connection Example of LIN Bus System
SOT
SOT
LIN bus
SIN
LIN-Master
588
SIN
Single-WireTransceiver
Single-WireTransceiver
LIN-Slave
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.6.8
Sample Flowchart for LIN-UART in LIN Communication
Mode (Operation Mode 3)
This section provides the sample flowcharts for the LIN-UART in the LIN
communication mode.
■ LIN-UART as a Master Device
Figure 17.6-16 Flowchart for LIN-UART in LIN Master Mode
START
Initialization:
Set Operat. mode 3
(8N1 data format)
TIE = 0, RIE = 0
Send
Message?
NO
YES
Send Synch Break:
write "1" to ECCR:
LBR, TIE = 1;
Send Sleep Mode
TDR = 80H
TIE = 0
Send Synch Field:
TDR = 55H
Wake up
from CPU?
YES
NO
Send Sleep
Mode?
Send Wake up signal
RIE = 0
TIE = 1
TDR = 80H
RIE = 1
YES
NO
Send Identify Field:
TDR = Id
Write to
slave?
NO
TIE = 0
RIE = 1
Read data from slave
RIE = 0
NO
YES
00H, 80H
or C0H
received?
TIE = 1
Write data to slave
TIE = 0
YES
RIE = 0
Errors
occurred?
NO
YES
Error Handler
589
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ LIN-UART as a Slave Device
Figure 17.6-17 Flowchart for LIN-UART in LIN Slave Mode
START
A
B
Initialization:
Set Operat. mode 3
(8N1 data format)
C
RIE = 0; LBIE = 1;
RXE = 0
Error
occurred?
Slave
address
match?
NO
E
NO
C
YES
YES
Master
wants to
send data?
Waiting
(slave
action)
LBD = 1
LIN break interrupt
NO
YES
Awaiting message from
LIN master.
Write "0" to LBD to
clear interrupt Enable
ICU interrupt .
(both edge)
Receive data
+ check sum
80H
received?
(sleep mode)
S
(On next page)
Waiting
(slave
action)
ICU Interrupt
NO
RIE = 0
TIE = 1
Calculate
checksum
Send data
TIE = 0
YES
B
Read ICU value and
store it.
Clear Interrupt.
Waiting
(slave
action)
ICU Interrupt
Read ICU value.
Calculate new baud rate.
Set it to Reload Counter.
Clear Interrupt.
Waiting
(slave
action)
Bus -idle
Interrupt
C
Master
wants to
send data?
NO
YES
C
E
Error handler
C
Receive identifier
RIE = 1; RXE = 1
A
(Continued)
590
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
(Continued)
S
Wake up
from CPU?
NO
Send Wake up signal
RIE = 0
TIE = 1
TDR = 80H
YES
RIE = 1
NO
00H, 80H
or C0H
received?
TIE = 0
YES
RIE = 0
C
591
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
17.7
Notes on Using LIN-UART
This section provides the notes on using the LIN-UART.
■ Operation Setting
The LIN-UART’s serial control register (SCR) has the TXE (transmission) and RXE (reception) operation
enable bits. These bits are disabled by default. Before starting transfer for either of transmission or
reception operation, these bits must be enabled. The transfer can be discontinued by disabling these bits.
Since a single-wire bus system such as ISO9141 (LIN bus system) offers mono-directional communication,
do not enable these two bits simultaneously. The LIN-UART receives also the data sent by itself because
reception is automatically performed.
■ Communication Mode Setting
Set the communication mode while the system is not operating. If the operation mode is changed during
transmission or reception, the transmission or reception is stopped and the data being transferred will be
lost.
■ Transmission Interrupt Enable Timing
The initial value of the transmission data empty flag bit (SSR: TDRE bit) is "1" (There is no transmission
data, and writing of transmission data is enabled.). A transmission interrupt request is generated as soon as
the transmission interrupt request is enabled (SSR: TIE bit set to "1"). To prevent this interrupt from
generating, set the TIE flag to "1" after the transmission data is written to the TDR register.
■ Using LIN in Operation Mode 3
The LIN functions can also be used in mode 0 (transmission/reception break); however, using operation
mode 3 sets the LIN-UART data format automatically to the LIN format (8N1, LSB first). To apply the
LIN-UART to the LIN bus protocol, use operation mode 3. The transmission time of the break is
changeable; however, it must be at least 11 serial bit times.
■ Changing Operation Settings
Be sure to reset the LIN-UART after changing its operation settings. Carefully check the presence of the
start/stop bits in mode 2 (synchronous mode), in particular.
When the settings of the serial mode register (SMR) are changed, the setting of UPCL bit cannot be set at
the same time to reset the LIN-UART. Otherwise, the LIN-UART may not operate properly. Set the other
bits in the SMR first, and then to set the UPCL bit.
■ Setting LIN Slave
To initialize the LIN-UART to use it as a LIN slave, make sure to set the baud rate before receiving the
first LIN synchronization break. This is necessary for the reliable detection of the LIN synchronization
break of 13 bit times at minimum.
592
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
■ Software Compatibility
Although this LIN-UART is similar to the one included in the conventional MCU, its software is not
compatible. The programming models are almost the same, but the register configuration is different.
Furthermore the baud rate is now set with a reload value, not by selecting a preset value.
■ Bus Idle Function
The Bus Idle function cannot be used in synchronous mode 2.
■ AD Bit in the Serial Control Register (SCR)
Note the following when using the AD bit (address/data bit used in the multiprocessor mode) in the serial
control register (SCR):
When this bit is read, the AD bit which is received most recently is returned. When this bit is written, the
AD bit during transmission is set. Consequently, the AD bit operates as both control bit and flag bit.
Internally, the received data and transmission data are stored into different registers. For a read-modifywrite (RMW) instruction, the received data is read, processed, and then written as transmission data. If the
bit in the same register is accessed by the same type of instruction, incorrect value may be set in the AD bit.
To prevent the problem, perform the write-access to this bit before transmission. Or, set all bits correctly at
the same time using byte access.
Unlike transmission data register, the AD bit does not retain data. If this bit is updated during transmission
operation, the AD bit of the data being transmitted is modified.
593
CHAPTER 17 LIN-UART
594
CHAPTER 18
I2C INTERFACE
This chapter describes overview, register configuration/
function, and operation of the I2C interface.
18.1 I2C Interface Overview
18.2 I2C Interface Register
18.3 Explanation of I2C Interface Operation
18.4 Operation Flowchart
595
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.1
I2C Interface Overview
The I2C interface uses the serial I/O port for supporting the inter-IC bus to serve as the
master/slave device on the I2C bus.
■ Feature of I2C Interface
The feature of the I2C interface is as the following.
• Transmitting and receiving of master/slave device
• Arbitration
• Clock synchronization
• Detection of slave address/general call address
• Detection of transfer direction
• Function to generate/detect the iterative START condition
• Detection of bus error
• Supports 10-/7-bit slave address
• Performs slave address receive acknowledge control in master mode
• Supports composite slave address
• Interrupt at transmission/bus error
• Supports standard mode (max. 100 kbps) and high-speed mode (max. 400 kbps)
596
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ I2C Interface Registers
The registers of the I2C interface are as the following.
• Bus status register (IBSR)
Figure 18.1-1 Bit Configuration of Bus Status Register (IBSR)
IBSR
Address: 0000D1H, 0000DDH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
000369H
BB
RSC
AL
LRB
TRX
AAS
GCA
ADT
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
• Bus control register (IBCR)
Figure 18.1-2 Bit Configuration of Bus Control Register (IBCR)
IBCR
Address: 0000D0H, 0000DCH bit15
000368H BER
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
BEIE
SCC
MSS
ACK
GCAA
INTE
INT
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
• Clock control register (ICCR)
Figure 18.1-3 Bit Configuration of Clock Control Register (ICCR)
ICCR
Address: 0000DAH, 0000E6H bit15
14
000372H Reserved NSF
13
12
11
10
9
8
EN
CS4
CS3
CS2
CS1
CS0
Read/Write
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
597
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
• 10-bit slave address register (ITBA)
Figure 18.1-4 Bit Configuration of 10-bit Slave Address Register (ITBA)
ITBAH
Address: 0000D2H, 0000DEH bit15
14
13
12
11
10
00036AH Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
9
8
TA9
TA8
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
Address: 0000D3H, 0000DFH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
00036BH
TA7
TA6
TA5
TA4
TA3
TA2
TA1
TA0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
ITBAL
• 10-bit slave address mask register (ITMK)
Figure 18.1-5 Bit Configuration of 10-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ITMK)
ITMKH
Address: 0000D4H, 0000E0H bit15
00036CH ENTB
14
RAL
13
12
11
10
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
9
8
TM9
TM8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(1)
(1)
Address: 0000D5H, 0000E1H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
00036DH
TM7
TM6
TM5
TM4
TM3
TM2
TM1
TM0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
ITMKL
• 7-bit slave address register (ISBA)
Figure 18.1-6 Bit Configuration of 7-bit Slave Address Register (ISBA)
ISBA
Address: 0000D7H, 0000E3H
bit7
00036FH Reserved
598
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SA6
SA5
SA4
SA3
SA2
SA1
SA0
Read/Write
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
• 7-bit slave address mask register (ISMK)
Figure 18.1-7 Bit Configuration of 7-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ISMK)
ISMK
Address: 0000D6H, 0000E2H bit15
00036EH ENSB
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
SM6
SM5
SM4
SM3
SM2
SM1
SM0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
• Data register (IDAR)
Figure 18.1-8 Bit Configuration of Data Register (IDAR)
IDAR
Address: 0000D9H, 0000E5H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
000371H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
599
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ Block Diagram of I2C Interface
The block diagram of the I2C interface is shown in the Figure 18.1-9 .
Figure 18.1-9 Block Diagram of I2C Interface
ICCR
EN
I2C operation enable
ICCR
Clock division 2
2345
32
CS4
CS3
CS2
CS1
CS0
Sync
Clock selection 2 (1/12)
Shift clock edge
change timing
IB SR
BB
RSC
Bus busy
Repeat start
Last bit
LRB
TRX
Start/stop
condition detection
Transmitting/
receiving
Error
First byte
ADT
Arbitration lost detection
AL
IB CR
SCLI
SCLO
R-bus
BER
BEIE
Interrupt request
IRQ
INTE
INT
IB CR
SCC
MSS
ACK
GCAA
End
Start
Mater
ACK enable
Start/stop condition
occurrence
GC-ACK enable
IDAR
IB SR
Slave
AAS
Global call
GCA
Slave address
comparison
ISMK
FNSB
ITMK
ENTB
RAL
ITBA
600
Shift clock generation
ITMK
ISBA
ISMK
SDA
SDAO
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2
I2C Interface Register
This section describes the configuration and function of the register used in the I2C
interface.
■ I2C Interface Register Overview
I2C interface register includes the following eight types.
• Bus Status Register (IBSR)
• Bus Control Register (IBCR)
• Clock Control Register (ICCR)
• 10-bit Slave Address Register (ITBA)
• 10-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ITMK)
• 7-bit Slave Address Register (ISBA)
• 7-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ISMK)
• Data Register (IDAR)
601
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.1
Bus Status Register (IBSR)
Bus status register (IBSR) has the following functions.
• Bus busy detection
• Repeated START condition detection
• Arbitration lost detection
• Acknowledge detection
• Data transfer direction display
• Slave addressing detection
• General call address detection
• Address data transfer detection
■ Bus Status Register (IBSR)
The register configuration of the bus status register (IBSR) is as the following.
Figure 18.2-1 Bit Configuration of Bus Status Register (IBSR)
IBSR
Address: 0000D1H, 0000DDH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
000369H
BB
RSC
AL
LRB
TRX
AAS
GCA
ADT
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
This register is read only. All bits of the register are automatically controlled by the hardware. When I2C
interface is not enabled (EN of ICCR=0), all bits of this register are cleared.
[bit7] BB: Bus busy bit
This bit indicates the status of the I2C bus.
Table 18.2-1 BB (Bus Busy Bit)
Value
602
Description
0
The STOP condition detected [Initial value]
1
The START condition detected (The bus is in use)
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit6] RSC: Repeated start condition bit
This bit detects the iterative START condition.
Table 18.2-2 RSC (Repeated Start Condition Bit)
RSC
Description
0
The iterative START condition not detected [Initial value]
1
The iterative START condition detected
This bit is cleared when the slave address transfer ends (ADT=0) or when the STOP condition is
detected.
[bit5] AL: Arbitration lost detect bit
This bit is used to detect arbitration lost.
Table 18.2-3 AL (Arbitration Lost Detect Bit)
AL
Description
0
Arbitration lost not detected [Initial value]
1
Arbitration lost occurred during transmitting to master
This bit is cleared when "0" is written to the INT bit or when "1" is written to the MSS bit of the IBCR
register.
Examples of arbitration lost:
• Transmit data does not match SDA line data on SCL rising edge
• Iterative START condition caused at first bit of data by another master
• SCL line of I2C interface driven to "L" by another slave, so unable to generate START or STOP
condition
[bit4] LRB: Acknowledge store bit
This bit stores an acknowledge signal from the receive side.
Table 18.2-4 LRB (Acknowledge Store Bit)
LRB
Description
0
Slave acknowledge detected [Initial value]
1
Slave acknowledge not detected
This bit is rewritten when acknowledge is detected (receive 9 bits).
This bit is cleared when the START or STOP condition is detected.
603
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit3] TRX: Transferring data bit
This bit indicates the transmission state during data transfer.
Table 18.2-5 TRX (Transferring Data Bit)
TRX
Description
0
Data transmission not in progress [Initial value]
1
Data transmission in progress
• This bit is set to "1" in the following cases: START condition generated in master mode
- Transfer of first byte ends at read access (transmission) in slave mode
- Transmission in progress in master mode
• This bit is set to "0" in the following cases: Bus in idle state (BB=0:IBCR)
- At arbitration lost
- "1" written to SCC at master interrupt (MSS=1, INT=1)
- MSS bit cleared at master interrupt (MSS=1, INT=1)
- No acknowledge at end of transfer in slave mode
- Reception in progress in slave mode
- Data receiving from slave in master mode
[bit2] AAS: Slave address detect bit
This bit detects the slave address.
Table 18.2-6 AAS (Slave Address Detect Bit)
AAS
Description
0
Slave address not specified [Initial value]
1
Slave address specified
This bit is cleared when the (iterative) START or STOP condition is detected.
This bit is set when the 7-/10-bit slave address is detected.
[bit1] GCA: General call address detect bit
This bit is used to detect a general call address (00H).
Table 18.2-7 GCA (General Call Address Detect Bit)
GCA
Description
0
Detect no general call address [Initial value]
1
Detect general call address
This bit is cleared when the (iterative) START or STOP condition is detected.
604
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit0] ADT: Address data transfer bit
This bit is the slave address receive detect bit.
Table 18.2-8 ADT (Address Data Transfer Bit)
ADT
Description
0
Receive data not at slave address (or bus free) [Initial value]
1
Receive data at slave address
This bit is set to "1" when START is detected. When the header at the slave address is detected at 10-bit
write access, this bit is cleared after the second byte; in other cases, it is cleared after the first byte.
"After the first/second byte" means:
• "0" is written to MSS bit during master interrupt (MSS=1, INT=1:IBCR)
• "1" is written to SCC bit during master interrupt (MSS=1, INT=1:IBCR)
• INT bit is cleared
• Start of all transfer bytes when data not to be transferred as master/slave address
605
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.2
Bus Control Register (IBCR)
The bus control register (IBCR) has the following functions.
• Interrupt enable flag
• Interrupt generation flag
• Bus error detection flag
• Repeated START condition generation
• Master/slave mode selection
• General call acknowledge generation enable
• Data byte acknowledge generation enable
■ Bus Control Register (IBCR)
Figure 18.2-2 shows the bit configuration of bus control register (IBCR).
Figure 18.2-2 Bit Configuration of Bus Control Register (IBCR)
IBCR
Address: 0000D0H, 0000DCH bit15
000368H BER
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
BEIE
SCC
MSS
ACK
GCAA
INTE
INT
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Perform writing to the bus control register (IBCR) when INT bit is "1" or transfer is started. Do not perform
writing during transferring because change of ACK bit or GCAA bit may cause detection of a bus error.
When the I2C interface is not enabled (EN=0:ICCR), all bits except the BER and BEIE bits are cleared.
606
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit15] BER: Bus error flag
This is the bus error interrupt request flag bit. "1" is always read when this bit is read using the readmodify-write (RMW) instruction.
(Writing)
Table 18.2-9 BER (Bus Error Flag)
BER
Description
0
Bus error interrupt request flag cleared
1
No meaning
(Reading)
Table 18.2-10 BER (Bus Error Flag)
BER
Description
0
Bus error not detected [Initial value]
1
The error condition detected
When this bit is set, the EN bit of the CCR register is cleared, the I2C interface is stopped, and data
transfer is suspended. Also, all bits of the IBSR and IBCR registers are cleared except the BER and
BEIE bits. Clear this bit before enabling (EN=1) the I2C interface again.
This bit is set to "1" in the following cases:
1) START or STOP condition is detected at illegal location (during slave address transfer or data
transfer).
2) In 10-bit read access, the read-access slave address header is received before making 10-bit write
access to the first byte.
3) START condition is detected during transfer in master mode.
In 1) and 2), when operation of the I2C interface is enabled during transfer, an illegal bus error report
is prohibited, so the flag is set after reception of the first STOP condition.
[bit14] BEIE: Bus error interrupt enable bit
This bit enables a bus error interrupt.
Table 18.2-11 BEIE (Bus Error Interrupt Enable Bit)
BEIE
Description
0
Bus error interrupt disabled [Initial value]
1
Bus error interrupt enabled
When this bit is "1" and the BER bit is set to "1", an interrupt occurs.
607
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit13] SCC: Start condition continue bit
This bit continues the iterative START condition.
(Writing)
Table 18.2-12 SCC (Start Condition Continue Bit)
SCC
Description
0
No meaning
1
The iterative START condition occurs during transfer in the master mode.
The read value of this bit is always "0".
When "1" is written to this bit during master mode (MSS=1, INT=1), the iterative START condition
occurs, clearing the INT bit automatically.
[bit12] MSS: Master/slave select bit
This bit selects between master and slave.
Table 18.2-13 MSS (Master/Slave Select Bit)
MSS
Description
0
Slave mode [Initial value]
1
The master mode established, the START condition occurs, and the value of
the IDAR register is transmitted as the slave address.
• When arbitration lost occurs during transmission in the master mode, this bit is cleared, causing the
slave mode.
• When "0" is written to this bit with the master interrupt flag set (MSS=1, INT=1), the INT bit is
cleared automatically, causing the STOP condition and then ending transfer.
Note: The MSS bit functions as the direct reset. Occurrence of the STOP condition can be checked
by referring to the BB bit of the IBSR register.
• When "1" is written to this bit while the bus is idle (MSS=0, BB=0), the START condition occurs,
transmitting the IDAR value.
• When "1" is written to this bit while the bus is in use (BB=1, TRX=0, MSS=0), the I2C interface
waits until the bus is freed, and then starts transmission. When the I2C interface is addressed during
this wait as the slave involving write access, the bus is freed after transfer has ended.
During this wait, when transmission is in progress as the slave (IBCR:AAS=1, TRX=1), data
transmission is not performed even when the bus is freed. It is important to check whether or not the
I2C interface is specified as the slave (IBSR:AAS=1), whether or not data transmission ends
normally at the next interrupt (IBCR:MSS=1), and whether or not an illegal end occurs
(IBSR:AL=1).
Note:
Under the following condition, transmission of general-call address is prohibited because it cannot be
received as a slave.
LSI other than MB91461/F467R exists on the bus and MB91461/F467R transmits general-call
address as a master and arbitration lost occurs at second byte or later.
608
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit11] ACK: Acknowledge bit
This bit generates acknowledge in accordance with the data receive enable bit.
Table 18.2-14 ACK (Acknowledge Bit)
ACK
Description
0
Acknowledge not generated in response to data reception [Initial value]
1
Acknowledge generated in response to data reception
• This bit is disabled at slave address reception in the slave mode. When the I2C interface detects the
7- or 10-bit slave address designation with the corresponding enable bit (ITMK:ENTB,
ISMK:ENSB) set, acknowledge is returned.
• Write to this bit while the interrupt flag is set (INT=1) or while the bus is free (IBSR:BB=0), or
while the I2C interface is stopped (ICCR:EN=0).
[bit10] GCAA: General call address acknowledge bit
This bit enables generation of an acknowledge signal when a general call address is received.
Table 18.2-15 GCAA (General Call Address Acknowledge Bit)
GCAA
Description
0
Acknowledge not generated in response to reception of general call address
[Initial value]
1
Acknowledge generated in response to reception of general call address
Write to this bit while the interrupt flag is set (INT=1), or while the bus is freed (IBSR:BB=0), or while
the I2C interface is stopped (ICCR:EN=0).
• When the general call address is received, setting both this bit and ACK bit to "1" enable the
acknowledge response generation.
• When the general call address is transmitted, setting this bit to "1" enable the acknowledge response
generation.
• With data received by slave receiving (including the case in which the arbitration lost occurs after
transmission of general call address as master), acknowledge bit output is enabled when both ACK
bit and this bit are "1".
• Do not change the setting of this bit when GCA bit of the bus status register (IBSR) is "1".
[bit9] INTE: Interrupt enable bit
This bit enables an interrupt.
Table 18.2-16 INTE (Interrupt Enable Bit)
INTE
Description
0
Interrupt disabled [Initial value]
1
Interrupt enabled
When the INT bit is "1" and this bit is "1", an interrupt is generated.
609
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit8] INT: Interrupt request flag
This is a transfer end interrupt request flag bit. "1" is always read when this bit is read using the readmodify-write (RMW) instruction.
(Writing)
Table 18.2-17 INT (Interrupt Request Flag)
INT
Description
0
The transfer end interrupt request flag is cleared. [Initial value]
1
No meaning
(Reading)
Table 18.2-18 INT (Interrupt Request Flag)
INT
Description
0
Transfer has not ended or data is not to be transferred, or the bus is freed.
[Initial value]
1
This bit is set when the following conditions are met at completion of 1 byte
transfer including the acknowledge bit:
• Bus master
• The address is specified as a slave address
• General call address received
• Arbitration lost
When the address is specified as a slave address, this bit is set at the end of
slave address reception containing acknowledge.
When this bit is "1", the SCL line is kept "L" level. When "0" is written to this bit, it is cleared, the SCL
line is freed, the next byte is transferred, and the iterative START or STOP condition is generated.
This bit is cleared when "1" is written to the SCC bit or to the MSS bit.
Notes:
At conflict between SCC, MSS, and INT bits:
When write to the SCC, MSS, and INT bits occurs simultaneously, a conflict occurs between:
transfer of the next byte, occurrence of the iterative START condition, and occurrence of the STOP
condition. The priority at this time is shown below.
• Transfer of next byte and occurrence of STOP condition
When "0" is written to the INT bit and to the MSS bit, write to the MSS bit is prior to write to the
INT bit, generating the STOP condition.
• Transfer of next byte and occurrence of START condition
When "0" is written to the INT bit and "1" is written to the SCC bit, writing to the SCC bit is prior to
writing to the INT bit, generating the iterative START condition and transmitting the IDAR value.
• Occurrence of iterative START condition and occurrence of STOP condition
When "1" is written to the SCC bit and "0" is written to the MSS bit, clearing of the MSS bit is prior
to writing to the SCC bit, generating the STOP condition and enabling the I2C interface in the
slave mode.
610
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
Regarding the timing shown in Figure 18.2-3 and Figure 18.2-4 , when the command causing
generation of the START condition is executed (MSS=1:IBCR), interrupt (INT=1:IBCR) caused by
the arbitration lost detect (AL=1:IBSR) does not occur.
• Conditions for no occurrence of interrupt caused by arbitration lost detect (1)
With the START condition not detected (BB=0:IBSR), the command causing generation of the
START condition is executed (MSS=1:IBCR) when the level of SDA pin or SCL pin is "L".
Figure 18.2-3 Timing Diagram for No Occurrence of Interrupt Caused by Arbitration Lost Detect
SCL pin or SDA pin is "L" level.
SCL pin
SDA pin
"L"
"L"
2
I C operation enable state(EN bit=1)
1
Master mode setting (MSS=1)
Arbitration lost detect (AL bit=1)
Bus busy (BB bit)
0
Interrupt (INT bit)
0
611
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
• Conditions for no occurrence of interrupt caused by arbitration lost detect (2)
With the I2C bus occupied by the other master, I2C operation is enabled (EN=1:ICCR) and the
command causing generation of the START condition is executed (MSS=1:IBCR).
As shown in Figure 18.2-4 , if the other master of I2C bus begins transmission when I2C operation
is disabled (EN=0:ICCR), the START condition is not detected (BB=0:IBSR) with I2C bus
occupied.
Figure 18.2-4 Timing Diagram for No Occurrence of Interrupt Caused by Arbitration Lost Detect
Start Condition
INT bit interrupt does
not occur at 9th clock.
Stop Condition
SCL pin
SDA pin
SLAVE ADDRESS
ACK
DATA
ACK
EN bit
MSS bit
AL bit
BB bit
0
INT bit
0
If these may occur, the following procedure needs to be executed on a software.
1) Execute a command causing generation of the START condition (MSS=1:IBCR).
2) Wait for 3-bit data transmission at the I2C transfer frequency set in ICCR by using timer
function or other. (*)
Example:
I2C transfer frequency = 100 kHz
3-bit data transmission time = {1 / (100 ¥ 103)} ¥ 3 = 30 ms
(*): If the arbitration lost is detected, AL will be "1" after the 3-bit data transmission at the
I2C transfer frequency subsequent to MSS bit setting.
3) Check AL bit and BB bit of IBSR. If AL is "1" and BB is "0", initialize I2C by setting EN bit of
ICCR to "0".
If state of AL bit and BB bit is other than above, execute the normal process.
612
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
A flow example is shown below.
Master mode setting
Set MSS bit of the bus control register (IBCR) to "1"
Wait for 3-bit data transmission at the I2C transfer
frequency set in the clock control register (ICCR).
NO
BB=0 and AL=1
YES
Set EN bit and initialize I2C
Normal process
• Occurrence of interrupt caused by arbitration lost detect
With the bus busy detected (BB=1:IBSR), if a command causing generation of the START
condition is executed (MSS=1:IBCR) and the arbitration lost is performed, INT will be "1" when
AL=1 is detected and interrupt will occur.
Figure 18.2-5 Occurrence of Interrupt Caused by Arbitration Lost Detect
Interrupt occurs at 9th clock.
Start Condition
SCL pin
SDA pin
SLAVE ADDRESS
ACK
DATA
EN bit
MSS bit
AL bit
AL bit cleared by software
BB bit
INT bit cleared by software
and SCL freed
INT bit
613
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.3
Clock Control Register (ICCR)
The clock control register (ICCR) has the following functions.
• Noise filter enable
• I2C interface operation enable
• Serial clock frequency set
■ Clock Control Register (ICCR)
Figure 18.2-6 shows the bit configuration of the clock control register (ICCR).
Figure 18.2-6 Bit Configuration of Clock Control Register (ICCR)
ICCR
Address: 0000DAH, 0000E6H bit15
000372H Reserved
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
NSF
EN
CS4
CS3
CS2
CS1
CS0
Read/Write
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
[bit15] Reserved: Reserved bit
Always read value of this bit is "0".
[bit14] NSF: Noise filter enable bit
This bit enables the noise filter placed on SDA pin and SCL pin. This noise filter suppresses input
spikes (CLKP 1 to CLKP 1.5 cycle). When the transmit/receive rate is 100 kbps or faster, set this bit to
"1".
[bit13] EN: Operation enable bit
This bit enables the operation of the I2C interface.
Table 18.2-19 EN (Operation Enable Bit)
Value
Description
0
Operation disabled [Initial value]
1
Operation enabled
Notes:
• When the operation of the I2C interface is prohibited, transmission/reception is stopped at once.
• Please prohibit operating after confirming the generation of the stop condition (IBSR:BB=0) when
you prohibit the operation of the I2C interface after "0" is written in the MSS bit and the stop
condition is generated (ICCR:EN=0).
614
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit12 to bit8] CS4 to CS0: Clock period select bit
These bits set the serial clock frequency.
These bits can be written to only when operation of the I2C interface is disabled (EN=0) or when the
EN bit is cleared.
The shift clock frequency (fsck) is set by the following expression:
[Noise filter disabled]
φ
fsck =
n × 12+18
N>0
φ : Peripheral clock (=CLKP)
N>0
φ : Peripheral clock (=CLKP)
(+1) means uncertainty of noise filter
[Noise filter enabled]
φ
fsck =
n × 12+19(+1)
Table 18.2-20 Register Setting
N
CS4
CS3
CS2
CS1
CS0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
1
···
···
···
···
···
···
31
1
1
1
1
1
Setting of CS4 to CS0=00000B is disabled.
615
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.4
10-bit Slave Address Register (ITBA)
This section describes configuration and function of the 10-bit slave address register
(ITBA).
■ 10-bit Slave Address Register (ITBA)
Figure 18.2-7 shows the bit configuration of the 10-bit slave address register (ITBA) is as the following.
Figure 18.2-7 Bit Configuration of 10-bit Slave Address Register (ITBA)
ITBAH
Address: 0000D2H, 0000DEH bit15
14
13
12
11
10
00036AH Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
9
8
TA9
TA8
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
Address: 0000D3H, 0000DFH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
00036BH
TA7
TA6
TA5
TA4
TA3
TA2
TA1
TA0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
ITBAL
Perform writing to the 10-bit slave address register (ITBA) when the I2C interface is disabled
(EN=0:ICCR).
[bit15 to bit10] Reserved: Reserved bits
"0" is always read from these bits.
[bit9 to bit0] TA9 to TA0: 10-bit slave address bit
When a slave address is received in the slave mode with the 10-bit address enabled (ITMK:ENTB=1),
the received address and ITBA are compared.
Acknowledge is transmitted to the master after the address header at the 10-bit write access is received.
The first/second byte (receive data) compares with the ITBAL register. When a match is detected, the
acknowledge signal is transmitted to the master device, setting the AAS bit.
The I2C interface responds to reception of the address header at the 10-bit read access after occurrence
of the iterative START condition.
All the bits of the slave address are masked by the ITMK setting. The receive slave address is
overwritten by the ITBA register. This register (ITBA register) is enabled only when AAS (IBSR
register) is "1".
616
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.5
10-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ITMK)
This section describes configuration and function of the 10-bit slave address mask
register (ITMK) .
■ 10-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ITMK)
Figure 18.2-8 shows the bit configuration of the 10-bit slave address mask register (ITMK).
Figure 18.2-8 Bit Configuration of 10-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ITMK)
ITMKH
Address: 0000D4H, 0000E0H bit15
00036CH ENTB
14
RAL
13
12
11
10
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
9
8
TM9
TM8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(1)
(1)
Address: 0000D5H, 0000E1H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
00036DH
TM7
TM6
TM5
TM4
TM3
TM2
TM1
TM0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
ITMKL
[bit15] ENTB: 10-bit slave address enable bit
This bit enables the 10-bit slave address operation.
Write to this bit when the I2C interface is stopped (ICCR:EN=0).
[bit14] RAL: Slave address length bit
This bit indicates the slave address length.
This bit can be used to determine which transfer length (10 bits or 7 bits) will be enabled when both the
10-bit slave address operation enable bit and the 7-bit slave address operation enable bit are enabled
(ENTB=1 and ENSB=1).
This bit is enabled when the AAS bit (IBSR) is "1".
This bit is cleared when operation of the interface is disabled (ICCR:EN=0).
This bit is read only.
[bit13 to bit10] Reserved: Reserved bit
"1" is always read from these bits.
617
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
[bit9 to bit0] TM9 to TM0: 10-bit slave address mask bit
These bits mask bits of the 10-bit slave address register (ITBA). Write to this register when operation of
the I2C interface is disabled (ICCR:EN=0).
Setting these bits makes it possible to transmit acknowledge to the composite 10-bit slave address. Set
these bits to "1" when using this register at comparison of the 10-bit slave address. The received slave
address is overwritten by ITBA. When ASS=1 (IBSR), the specified slave address can be identified by
reading the ITBA register.
Each bit (TM9 to TM0) of ITMK corresponds to each bit of the ITBA address. When the value of TM9
to TM0 is "1", the ITBA address is enabled; when the value of TM9 to TM0 is "0", the ITBA address is
disabled.
Example: When ITBA address = 0010010111B
and ITMK address = 1111111100B,
the slave address area is "0010010100B" to "0010010111B".
618
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.6
7-bit Slave Address Register (ISBA)
This section describes configuration and function of the 7-bit slave address register
(ISBA).
■ 7-bit Slave Address Register (ISBA)
Figure 18.2-9 shows the bit configuration of the 7-bit slave address register (ISBA).
Figure 18.2-9 Bit Configuration of 7-bit Slave Address Register (ISBA)
ISBA
Address: 0000D7H, 0000E3H
bit7
00036FH Reserved
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SA6
SA5
SA4
SA3
SA2
SA1
SA0
Read/Write
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Perform writing to the 7-bit slave address register (ISBA) when the I2C interface is disabled (EN=0:ICCR).
[bit7] Reserved: Reserved bit
"0" is always read from this bit.
[bit6 to bit0] SA6 to SA0: Slave address bit
When 7-bit slave address is already enabled (ISMK:ENSB=1) when a slave address is received in the
slave mode, the received slave address and ISBA are compared. When a slave address match is detected,
acknowledge is transmitted to the master, setting the AAS bit.
The I2C interface returns acknowledge in response to reception of the address header at the 7-bit read
access after the occurrence of the iterative START condition.
All the bits of the slave address are masked by the ISMK setting. The receive slave address is
overwritten by the ISBA register. This register is enabled only when the AAS register (IBSR register) is
"1".
The I2C interface does not compare ISBA with the receive slave address when the 10-bit slave address
is specified or the general call is received.
619
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.7
7-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ISMK)
The 7-bit slave address mask register (ISMK) includes the 7-bit slave address mask and
the 7-bit slave address enable bit.
■ 7-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ISMK)
Figure 18.2-10 shows the bit configuration of the 7-bit slave address mask register (ISMK).
Figure 18.2-10 Bit Configuration of 7-bit Slave Address Mask Register (ISMK)
ISMK
Address: 0000D6H, 0000E2H bit15
00036EH ENSB
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
SM6
SM5
SM4
SM3
SM2
SM1
SM0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Perform writing to the 7-bit slave address mask register (ISMK) when the I2C interface is disabled
(EN=0:ICCR).
[bit15] ENSB: 7-bit slave address enable bit
This is the 7-bit slave address operation enable bit.
[bit14 to bit8] SM6 to SM0: 7-bit slave address mask bit
These bits mask the bits of the 7-bit slave address register (ISBA).
Setting these bits makes it possible to transmit acknowledge to the composite 7-bit slave address. When
using this register at comparison of the 7-bit slave address, set these bits to "1". The received slave
address is overwritten by ISBA. When ASS=1 (IBSR), the specified slave address can be identified by
reading the ISBA register.
After the I2C interface is enabled, the slave address (ISBA) is rewritten by the reception operation;
when the slave address is rewritten by ISMK, operation may not be as expected unless ISMK is re-set.
Each bit (SM6 to SM0) of ISMK corresponds to each bit of the ISBA address. When the value of SM6
to SM0 is "1", the ISBA address is enabled; when the value of SM6 to SM0 is "0", the ISBA address is
disabled.
Example: When ISBA address = 0010111B
and ISMK address =1111100B,
the slave address area is "0010100B" to "0010111B".
620
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.2.8
Data Register (IDAR)
This section describes the data register (IDAR).
■ Data Register (IDAR)
Figure 18.2-11 shows the bit configuration of the data register (IDAR).
Figure 18.2-11 Bit Configuration of Data Register (IDAR)
IDAR
Address: 0000D9H, 0000E5H
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
000371H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit7 to bit0] D7 to D0: Data bit
The data register (IDAR) is used for serial transfer. This register is transferred from MSB.
The write side of the IDAR register has a double buffer. When the bus is busy (BB=1), write data is
loaded into the register for serial transfer. When the INT bit (IBCR) is cleared or when the bus is idle
(IBSR:BB=0), transfer data is loaded into the internal transfer register.
At reading, the register for serial transfer is read directly, so receive data is valid only when the INT bit
(IBCR) is set.
621
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.3
Explanation of I2C Interface Operation
The I2C bus is a bidirectional bus with one serial data line (SDA) and one serial clock
line (SCL).
The I2C interface has two open-drain I/O pins (SDA and SCL) to provide wired logic.
■ START Condition
When "1" is written to the MSS bit with the bus free (BB=0, MSS=0), the I2C interface enters into the
master mode, generating the START condition. At this time, it transmits the value of the IDAR register as
the slave address.
When "1" is written to the SCC bit, with the bus master mode enabled and with the interrupt flag set
(IBCR:MSS=1, INT=1), the iterative START condition is generated.
When "1" is written to the MSS bit with the bus in use (IBSR:BB=1, TRX=0, MSS=0 or IBCR:INT=0), the
bus is freed and transmission is started.
When write (reception) access is made in the slave mode, transfer ends, the bus is freed and transmission
starts. When the interface is transmitting data at this time, transmission does not occur even when the bus is
freed.
The interface must be checked for the following:
• Whether or not the interface is specified as the slave (IBCR:MSS=0, IBSR:AAS=1)
• Whether or not the data byte can be transmitted normally at the next interrupt (IBSR:AL=1)
■ STOP Condition
When "0" is written to the MSS bit, with the master mode in effect (IBCR:MSS=1, INT=1), the STOP
condition is generated, making a transition to the slave mode. When "0" is written to the MSS bit under
other conditions, the write is ignored.
An attempt is made to generate the STOP condition after the MSS bit is cleared. When the SCL line is
driven to "L" before generating the STOP condition, the STOP condition is not generated. An interrupt is
generated after the next byte is transferred.
Note:
It takes some time from when "0" is written to the MSS bit until the STOP condition is generated.
When operation of the I2C interface is disabled (ICCR:EN=0) before generating the START
condition, the I2C interface stops immediately, generating illegal clocks in the SCL line. When
disabling operation of the I2C interface (ICCR:EN=0), do so after ensuring that the START condition
is generated (IBSR:BB=0).
622
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ Slave Address Detection
In the slave mode, the START condition is generated and then BB is set to "1", transmitting the data from
the master to the IDAR register.
[When 7-bit slave address operation enabled] (ENSB=1 in ISMK)
After reception of 8-bit data, the IDAR register and the ISBA register are compared. At comparison,
each bit of the ISBA register is masked by the ISMK register.
When a match occurs, AAS is set to "1", transmitting an acknowledge to the master. After this, bit0 of
the receive data (bit0 of IDAR register after reception) is reversed and then stored in the TRX bit.
[When 10-bit slave address operation enabled] (ENTB=1 in ITMK)
When the 10-bit address header section (11110B, TA1, TA0, write) is detected, an acknowledge is
transmitting to the master, and bit0 of the receive data is reversed and then stored in the TRX bit. No
interrupt occurs at this time.
Then, the next transfer data and ITBA register low-order data are compared. At this comparison, each
bit of the ITBA register is masked by the ISMK register.
When a match occurs, AAS is set to "1", sending an acknowledge to the master. An interrupt occurs at
this time.
When the value is specified as a slave address and the iterative START condition is detected, the 10-bit
address header section (11110B, TA1, TA0, read) is received and then "1" is set at AAS, generating an
interrupt.
There are 10-bit slave address register (ITBA) and 7-bit slave address register (ISBA). An acknowledge
can be transmitted to the 10-bit and 7-bit addresses by enabling both the 10-bit slave address operation
and the 7-bit slave address operation (ENSB=1 in ISMK, ENTB=1 in ITMK).
In the slave mode (AAS=1), the receive slave address length is determined by the RAL bit of the ITMK
register. In the master mode, it is possible not to generate slave addresses in the I2C interface by
disabling operation of both (ISMK:ENSB=0, ITMK:ENTB=0).
All slave addresses can be masked by setting the ITMK and ISMK registers.
623
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ Slave Address Mask
The slave address mask register (ITMK, ISMK) can mask each bit of the slave address register. Bits that are
set to "1" by the mask register are subject to address comparison, but bits that are set to "0" are ignored. In
the slave mode (IBSR:AAS=1), receive slave addresses can be read from ITBA (10-bit address) and ISBA
(7-bit address).
When the bit mask is cleared, the slave address register can always be accessed as a slave, so it can be used
as a bus monitor.
Note:
Even if there are no other slave devices, the slave address register returns an acknowledge when a
slave address is received, so the slave address register cannot be used as a real bus monitor.
■ Slave Addressing
In the master mode, after a START condition is generated, the BB bit and TRX bit are set to "1" and the
value in the IDAR register is output from MSB first. When an acknowledge signal is received from the
slave after address data is transmitted, bit0 (of the IDAR register after transmitting data) of transmit data is
inverted and stored in the TRX bit. This operation is also performed under the iterative START condition.
Since the address is a 10-bit slave address write, 2 bytes are transmitted. The first byte is the header "1 1 1 1
0 A9 A8 0" indicating a 10-bit sequence; the second byte is the slave address low-order 8 bits (A7 to A0).
The 10-bit slave address read transmits the above bytes, generating the iterative START condition and the
header "1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 1" indicating read access simultaneously.
■ Arbitration
Arbitration occurs when one master and another master are transmitting data at the same time. When the
transmit data is "1" and data on the SDA line is Low, arbitration is regarded as having been lost and the AL
bit is set to "1".
At the first bit of data, when an unnecessary START condition is detected or generation of the START
condition or STOP condition fails, AL is set to "1".
When arbitration lost occurs, MSS=0 and TRX=0 will occur, enabling the slave receive mode in which an
acknowledge is returned when the own slave address of the interface is received.
624
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ Acknowledge
An acknowledge is transmitted to the transmitting side by the receiving side. At data reception, the ACK bit
(IBCR) can be used to select whether or not to transmit an acknowledge at reception.
Even when an acknowledge is not returned from the master at slave-mode data transmission (read access
from another master), the TRX bit is set to "0", enabling the receive mode. Then, when the slave frees the
SCL line, the master can generate the STOP condition.
In the master mode, whether or not acknowledge is returned can be checked by reading the LRB bit
(IBSR).
If an arbitration lost occurs after transmission of the general call address, set both ACK bit and GCAA bit
to "1" when performing the acknowledge response at receiving data (including generated data). With other
setting, the acknowledge response is not performed.
■ Bus Error
A bus error is regarded as having occurred when the following conditions are met, and the I2C interface is
set in the stopped state.
• A violation of the basic regulations is detected on the I2C bus during data transfer (including ACK bit).
• A STOP condition in the master mode is detected.
• A violation of the basic regulations is detected on the I2C bus when the bus is idle.
■ Communication Error Not Causing Error
When, an illegal clock is generated in the SCL line due to noise, etc., during master mode transmission, the
transmit bit counter of the I2C interface advances fast and may cause a hang-up with "L" set at the SDA line
at the ACK cycle. No error (AL=1,BER=1) occurs for this illegal clock.
In this case, perform error handling as follows:
• When LRB is "1", with MSS set to "1", TRX set to "1", and INT set to "1", determine that a
communication error has occurred.
• Set EN to "0" and then to "1"; SCL will generate one pseudo-clock.
This causes the slave to free the bus.
The period from when EN is set to "0" until it is set to "1" should be the period during which the slave
can recognize the clock (approximately same as the "H" period of the transmit clock).
• When EN is "0", IBSR and IBCR are cleared, so perform retransmission processing under the START
condition. At this time, no STOP condition is generated by BSS=0.
Then, secure a period of "n × 7 × tCPP" or more from when EN is set to "1" until MSS is set to "1"
(START condition).
Example: For high-speed mode: 6 × 7 × 40 ≅ 2.333 µs
For standard mode: 27 × 7 × 40 ≅ 10.50 µs
(CLKP=18 MHz)
Note:
When BER is set, clear does not occur due to EN=0, so perform clear and then retransmission.
625
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ Others
• After arbitration lost has occurred, whether or not the interface is addressed must be determined via
software.
When arbitration lost has occurred, the interface is set as a slave via hardware, but after completion of 1byte transfer, both the CLK line and the DATA line are driven to "L". Consequently, if the interface is
not addressed, the CLK line and the DATA line must be freed immediately; if the interface is addressed,
preparations for slave transmission or for slave reception must be made and then the CLK line and the
DATA line must be freed. (These processes must be performed via software.)
• The I2C bus has only one interrupt; so when an interrupt condition is satisfied at completion of 1-byte
transfer, an interrupt factor occurs.
Since two or more interrupt conditions must be determined using one interrupt, each flag must be
checked within the interrupt routine. The interrupt conditions at completion of 1-byte transfer are given
below.
- When bus master
- When slave addressed
- When general call address received
- When arbitration lost occurred
• When arbitration lost is detected, an interrupt factor does not occur immediately; it occurs at completion
of 1-byte transfer.
When arbitration lost is detected, the interface is set as a slave by hardware but an interrupt factor still
occurs, outputting a total of 9 clocks. Since an interrupt factor does not occur immediately arbitration
lost, processing cannot be performed immediately after arbitration lost.
626
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
18.4
Operation Flowchart
This section shows the operation flowchart. The shown examples include slave address
and data transfer, and receive data.
■ Example of Slave Address and Data Transfer
Figure 18.4-1 shows the example of slave address and data transfer.
Figure 18.4-1 Example of Slave Address and Data Transfer
7-bit slave addressing
Transfer data
Start
Start
Clear (or set) BER bit.
Enable interface
operation (EN=1).
Slave address for
write access
IDAR=S; address << 1+RW
IDAR=byte data
MSS=1 INT=0
INT=0
NO
NO
INT=1?
INT=1?
YES
YES
YES
YES
BER=1?
NO
AL=1?
Bus error
BER=1?
NO
YES Perform
reactivation/transfer
via AAS checking.
AL=1?
NO
NO
ACK?
(LRB=0?)
YES Perform
reactivation/transfer
via AAS checking.
NO
ACK?
(LRB=0?)
YES
NO
YES
Prepare for data transfer.
Transfer of
last byte
YES
NO
Completion of trans
t ansfer:
· Slave does not generate ACK or
master cannot receive ACK.
· Set EN to "0" and then perform
retransmission.
Completion of trans
t ansfer:
·
Generate iterative START
and STOP conditions.
·
Check occurrence of STOP
condition (BB=0)
and then set EN to "0".
Completion of trans
t ansfer:
At transmission:
· Slave does not generate
ACK or master cannot
receive ACK.
· Set EN to "0" and then
perform retransmission.
At reception:
ACK not generated;
generate the iterative START
and STOP conditions.
627
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ Example of Receive Data
Figure 18.4-2 shows the example of receive data.
Figure 18.4-2 Example of Receive Data
Start
Slave address of
read access
When the data is the last
read data from the slave,
clear the ACK bit.
INT=0
NO
INT=1?
YES
YES
BER=1?
Bus error; perform
reactivation.
NO
NO
Transfer of
the last byte
YES
Completion of transfer:
Generate the iterative START
and STOP conditions.
628
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
■ Interrupt Handling
Figure 18.4-3 shows the interrupt handling.
Figure 18.4-3 Interrupt Handling
Start
NO
Receive interrupt
from other modules
INT=1?
YES
BER=1?
YES Bus error; perform
reactivation.
NO
YES
GCA=1?
NO
NO
Transfer failed;
retry.
Detect general call during
slave mode.
YES
AAS=1?
YES
AL=1?
AL=1?
YES Arbitration lost;
perform transfer again.
NO
NO
YES
LRB=1?
YES
ADT=1?
Start new data transfer
at next interrupt;
if necessary,
change ACK bit.
No slave ACK;
generate STOP and
iterative START
conditions.
NO
YES
NO
TRX=1?
YES
NO
TRX=1?
NO
Read receive data
from IDAR.
if necessary,
Change ACK bit.
Write next
transmit
data to
IDAR.
Read receive data
from IDAR.
If necessary,
change ACK bit.
Write next transmit
data to IDAR or
clear MSS bit.
Clear INT bit.
Completion of ISR
629
CHAPTER 18 I2C INTERFACE
630
CHAPTER 19
16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
This chapter describes the 16-bit reload timer, the
configuration and functions of registers, and 16-bit
reload timer operation.
19.1 Overview of the 16-bit Reload Timer
19.2 16-bit Reload Timer Registers
19.3 16-bit Reload Timer Operation
631
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
19.1
Overview of the 16-bit Reload Timer
The 16-bit reload timer consists of a 16-bit down counter, a 16-bit reload register, a
prescaler for creating an internal count clock, and a control register.
■ Overview of the 16-bit Reload Timer (RLT)
The 16-bit reload timer consists of a 16-bit down counter, a 16-bit reload register, a prescaler for creating
an internal count clock, and a control register.
This device has 5 channels of 16-bit reload timers (RLT0 to RLT3, RLT7). One of them (RLT7) can be
used for A/D convert trigger.
The clock source can be selected from three internal clocks (resource clock divided by 2, 8, and 32) and an
external event (An external event cannot be selected for only RLT7).
■ Block Diagram of 16-bit Reload Timer
Figure 19.1-1 shows the block diagram of the 16-bit reload timer.
Figure 19.1-1 Block Diagram of the 16-bit Reload Timer
16-bit reload register
(TMRLR)
Reload
R-bus
16-bit down counter
(THR)
RELD
UF
OUTL
OUT
CTL
Count
enable
INTE
UF
CNTE
IRQ
TRG
Clock
selector
CSL1
CSL0
EXCK
Prescaler
φ
632
Prescaler
clear
External timer
output
IN CTL
CSL1
CSL0
TOE0 to TOE3
External
trigger selection
Bits in PFRK
External trigger input
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
19.2
16-bit Reload Timer Registers
This section describes the configuration and functions of registers used by the 16-bit
reload timer.
■ 16-bit Reload Timer Registers
Figure 19.2-1 16-bit Reload Timer Registers
TMCSR (Upper)
14
13
12
Address: 0001B6H, 0001BEH bit15
0001C6H, 0001CEH Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
0001EEH
11
10
9
8
CL1
CSL0
MOD2 MOD1
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
4
3
2
1
0
RELD
INTE
UF
CNTE
TRG
TMCSR (Lower)
6
5
Address: 0001B7H, 0001BFH bit7
0001C7H, 0001CFH MOD0 Reserved OUTL
0001EFH
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
TMR
Address: 0001B2H, 0001BAH bit15
0001C2H, 0001CAH
0001EAH
0
Read/Write
(R)
Initial value
(xxxxH)
TMRLR
Address: 0001B0H, 0001B8H bit15
0001C0H, 0001C8H
0001E8H
0
Read/Write
(W)
Initial value
(xxxxH)
633
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
19.2.1
Control Status Register (TMCSR)
The control status register (TMCSR) controls the 16-bit timer operating modes and
interrupts.
■ Bit Configuration of the Control Status Register (TMCSR)
Figure 19.2-2 Bit Configuration of the Control Status Register (TMCSR)
TMCSR (Upper)
14
13
12
11
Address: 0001B6H, 0001BEH bit15
0001C6H, 0001CEH Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved CSL1
0001EEH
10
9
8
CSL0
MOD2 MOD1
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
4
3
2
1
0
RELD
INTE
UF
CNTE
TRG
TMCSR (Lower)
6
5
Address: 0001B7H, 0001BFH bit7
0001C7H, 0001CFH MOD0 Reserved OUTL
0001EFH
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit15 to bit12] Reserved: Reserved bit
These bits are reserved.
In a read operation, "0000B" is always read.
634
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
[bit11, bit10] CSL1, CSL0: Count source select bit
These bits are the count source select bits. Either an internal clock or an external event can be selected
as the count source.
The following table lists the count sources that can be selected using these bits.
An external event cannot be selected for only RLT7. Set other than CSL1=CSL0=1.
Table 19.2-1 CSL1, CSL0 (Count Source Select Bit)
Count source
(φ: Resource clock)
φ=18 MHz
φ=9 MHz
φ/21 [Initial value]
0.11 µs
0.22 µs
Internal clock
φ/23
0.44 µs
0.89 µs
0
Internal clock
φ/25
1.78 µs
3.56 µs
1
External event
−
−
CSL1
CSL0
0
0
Internal clock
0
1
1
1
Countable edges used when an external event is the count source are set using the MOD1 and MOD0
bits.
The minimum pulse width required for an external clock is 2 × T (T: peripheral clock machine cycle).
[bit9, bit8, bit7] MOD2, MOD1, MOD0: Mode bit
These bits set the operating modes. These bits have different functions if the count source is an internal
clock or an external clock.
• Internal clock: Reload trigger setting
• External clock: Count valid edge setting
Be sure to set "0" for MOD2.
[Reload trigger setting used when an internal clock is selected]
If the selected count source is an internal clock and a valid edge is input according to the setting of the
MOD2, MOD1, and MOD0 bits, the contents of the reload register are loaded, and the count operation
is continued.
There is no external trigger pin for RLT7, so always set MOD[2:0] = 000B (software trigger).
Table 19.2-2 MOD2, MOD1, MOD0 (Mode Bit)
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
Valid edge
0
0
0
Software trigger [initial value]
0
0
1
External trigger (rising edge)
0
1
0
External trigger (falling edge)
0
1
1
External trigger (both edges)
1
X
X
Setting disabled
635
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
[Valid edge setting used when an external clock is selected]
If the selected count source is an external event and a valid edge is input according to the setting of the
MOD2, MOD1, and MOD0 bits, events are counted.
Table 19.2-3 MOD2, MOD1, MOD0 (Mode Bit)
MOD2
MOD1
MOD0
Valid edge
X
0
0
− [Initial value]
X
0
1
External trigger (rising edge)
X
1
0
External trigger (falling edge)
X
1
1
External trigger (both edges)
Reloading during an external event occurs for an underflow and a software trigger.
[bit6] Reserved: Reserved bit
This bit is reserved.
In a read operation, "0" is always read.
[bit5] OUTL: Output level
This bit sets the external timer output level. The output level is reversed depending on whether this bit
is "0" or "1".
The timer output of RLT7, which has no external output pin, is connected to A/D converter. When
RLT7 is selected as A/D convert trigger, the A/D converter starts to convert using the rising edge of the
timer output as the trigger. See the after-mentioned notice.
636
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
[bit4] RELD: Reload enable bit
This bit is the reload enable bit. When it is set to "1", reload mode is started. As soon as the counter
value underflows from "0000H" to "FFFFH", the contents of the reload register are loaded into the
counter, and the count operation is continued.
When this bit is set to "0", one-shot mode is started. As soon as the counter value underflows from
"0000H" to "FFFFH", counter operation stops.
Table 19.2-4 RELD (Reload Enable Bit)
PFRxy
OUTL
RELD
0
X
X
Output disabled [initial state]
0
"H" level square wave during counting
• Count stop: "L"
• Count in process: "H"
• Underflow: "L"
1
"L" level toggle output when the counter starts
• Count stop: "L"
• Count in process: "L"
→ Toggle output every underflow
0
"L" level square wave during counting
• Count stop: "H"
• Count in process: "L"
• Underflow: "H"
1
"H" level toggle output when the counter starts
• Count stop: "H"
• Count in process: "H"
→ Toggle output every underflow
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
Output waveform
PFRxy represents PFR register value of the corresponding pin.
[bit3] INTE: Interrupt request enable bit
This bit is the interrupt request enable bit. When the INTE bit is set to "1" and the UF bit is set to "1",
an interrupt request is generated. When the INTE bit is set to "0", no interrupt request is generated.
[bit2] UF: Underflow interrupt flag
This bit is the timer interrupt request flag. As soon as the counter value underflows from "0000H" to
"FFFFH", this bit is set to "1". Write "0" to this bit to clear it.
Writing "1" to this bit is meaningless.
A read-modify-write (RMW) instruction always reads "1" from this bit.
[bit1] CNTE: Count enable bit
This bit is the timer count enable bit. Write "1" to this bit to enter the start trigger wait state. Write "0"
to this bit to stop the count operation.
637
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
[bit0] TRG: Trigger bit
This bit is the software trigger bit. Write "1" to this bit to generate a software trigger, load the contents
of the reload register into the counter, and start the count operation.
Writing "0" to this bit is meaningless. The read value is always "0".
The trigger input to this register is valid only if CNTE=1. No effect occurs if CNTE=0.
Notes:
• Rewrite bits other than UF, CNTE, and TRG only when CNTE=0.
• Do not set OUTL bit and CNTE/TRG simultaneously.
When RLT7 is selected as A/D convert trigger, the register setting order of OUTL bit and A/D
converter may cause the A/D converter to start at unintended timing because the A/D converter
starts to convert using the rising edge of the timer output as the trigger.
For example, to start A/D convert when the counter underflows in one-shot mode of RLT7, set as
the following procedure.
Set OUTL bit. (OUTL setting of TMCSR)
→ Set A/D convert trigger selection. (STS1 and STS0 setting of ADCS1)
→ RLT7 count start (CNTE and TRG setting of TMCSR)
638
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
19.2.2
16-bit Timer Register (TMR)
The 16-bit timer register (TMR) is used to read the count value of the 16-bit timer.
■ Bit Configuration of the 16-bit Timer Register (TMR)
Figure 19.2-3 Bit Configuration of the 16-bit Timer Register (TMR)
TMR
Address: 0001B2H, 0001BAH bit15
0001C2H, 0001CAH
0001EAH
0
Read/Write
(R)
Initial value
(xxxxH)
The 16-bit timer register (TMR) is used to read the count value of the 16-bit timer. The initial value is
undefined. Be sure to read this register using a 16-bit data transfer instruction.
639
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
19.2.3
16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)
The 16-bit reload register (TMRLR) holds the initial value of a counter.
■ Bit Configuration of the 16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)
Figure 19.2-4 Bit Configuration of the 16-bit Reload Register (TMRLR)
TMRLR
Address: 0001B0H, 0001B8H bit15
0001C0H, 0001C8H
0001E8H
0
Read/Write
(W)
Initial value
(xxxxH)
The 16-bit reload register (TMRLR) holds the initial value of a counter. The initial value is undefined. Be
sure to read this register using a 16-bit data transfer instruction.
640
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
19.3
16-bit Reload Timer Operation
This section describes the following operations of the 16-bit reload timer:
• Internal clock operation
• Underflow operation
• Operation of the output pin function
■ Internal Clock Operation
If the timer operates with a divide-by clock of the internal clock, one of the clocks created by dividing the
machine clock by 2, 8, or 32 can be selected as the clock source.
To start a count operation as soon as counting is enabled, write 1 to the CNTE and TRG bits of the control
status register.
While the timer is running (CNTE=1), trigger input occurring due to the TRG bit is always valid, regardless
of the operating mode.
Time T (T: resource clock machine cycle) is required between input of the counter start trigger and the
actual loading the reload register data into the counter.
Figure 19.3-1 Startup and Operations of the Counter
Count clock
Reload data
Counter
-1
-1
-1
Data load
CNTE register
TRG register
T
641
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
■ Underflow Operation
An underflow is an event occurring when the counter value changes from "0000H" to "FFFFH". Thus, an
underflow occurs when the count is [reload register setting value + 1].
If the RELD bit of the control status register is set to 1 when an underflow occurs, the contents of the reload
register are loaded, and the count operation is continued. If the RELD bit is set to "0", the counter stops at
"FFFFH".
Figure 19.3-2 Underflow Operation
RELD=1
Count clock
Counter
0000H
Reload data
0000H
FFFFH
Data load
Underflow set
RELD=0
Count clock
Counter
Underflow set
642
-1
-1
-1
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
■ Operation of the Output Pin Function
The TOT pins provide toggle output that is reversed for an underflow in reload mode or pulse output that
indicates that counting is in progress in one-shot mode. The output polarity can be set in the OUTL bit of
the register. If OUTL=0, toggle output is "0" for the initial value and the one-shot pulse output is "1" while
a count operation is in progress. If OUTL=1, the output waveform is reversed.
Figure 19.3-3 Output Pin Function Operation [RELD=1, OUTL=0]
Count started
Underflow
Reversed if OUTL=1
TOT0 to TOT3
CNTE
Generalpurpose port
Startup trigger
Figure 19.3-4 Output Pin Function Operation [RELD=0, OUTL=0]
Count started
Underflow
TOT0 to TOT3
CNTE
Reversed if OUTL=1
Generalpurpose port
Startup trigger
Startup trigger wait status
643
CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER
■ Operating States of the Counter
The counter state is determined by the CNTE bit of the control register and the WAIT signal, which is an
internal signal. The states that can be set include the stop state, when CNTE=0 and WAIT=1 (STOP state);
the startup trigger wait state, when CNTE=1 and WAIT=1 (WAIT status); and the operation state, when
CNTE=1 and WAIT=0 (RUN state)
Figure 19.3-5 Status Transitions of the Counter.
Reset
State transition caused by hardware
State transition caused by register access
STOP
CNTE=0, WAIT=1
Counter: Retains the value
when it stops;
undefined just after reset
CNTE=1
TRG=0
WAIT
CNTE=1
TRG=1
CNTE=1, WAIT=1
Counter: Retains the value when
it stops; undefined from just after
reset until data is loaded
TRG=1
LOAD
RUN
RELD · UF
CNTE=1, WAIT=0
Counter: Running
TRG=1
CNTE=1,WAIT=0
Loads contents of reload register
into counter
RELD · UF
Loading completed
■ Notice
• The internal prescaler is enabled if a trigger (software or external trigger) is applied while bit1 (timer
enable: CNTE) of the control status register is set to "1".
• If the device attempts to set and clear the interrupt request flag at the same time, the flag is set and the
clear operation does not occur.
• If the device attempts to write to and reload the data into the 16-bit reload register at the same time, old
data is loaded into the counter. New data is loaded into the counter only at the next reload timing.
• If the device attempts to load and count the 16-bit timer register at the same time, the load (reload)
operation takes precedence.
644
CHAPTER 20
16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
This chapter describes the functions and operation of
the 16-bit free-run timer.
20.1 Overview of 16-bit Free-run Timer
20.2 16-bit Free-run Timer Registers
20.3 16-bit Free-run Timer Operation
20.4 Notes on Using the 16-bit Free-run Timer
645
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
20.1
Overview of 16-bit Free-run Timer
The 16-bit free-run timer consists of a 16-bit timer (up counter) and control circuit. The
16-bit free-run timer can be used with input capture and/or output compare.
■ Overview of 16-bit Free-run Timer
The 16-bit free-run timer consists of a 16-bit up counter and control status register. The count value from
the 16-bit free-run timer is used as the base time (base timer) for the output compare and the input capture.
• The count clock can be selected from four different clocks.
• An interrupt can be generated when a counter overflow occurs.
• A mode setting is available that initializes the counter when a match with the value in compare register
in the output compare occurs.
• The free-run timer, the input capture, and the output compare unit operate cooperatively by the
following combinations.
- Free-run timer 0, input capture 0, 1
- Free-run timer 1, input capture 2, 3
- Free-run timer 2, output compare 0, 1
- Free-run timer 3, output compare 2, 3
■ Block Diagram of the 16-bit Free-run Timer
Interrupt
ECLK
IVF
IVFE
STOP
MODE
CLR
CLK1
CLK0
Frequency
divider
φ
R-bus
FRCK
Clock selection
16-bit free-run timer
(TCDT)
Clock
To internal circuit (T15 to T00)
Comparator
646
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
20.2
16-bit Free-run Timer Registers
This section describes the 16-bit free-run timer registers.
■ 16-bit Free-run Timer Registers
Figure 20.2-1 Bit Configuration of 16-bit Free-run Timer Registers
TCDT (Upper)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
T15
T14
T13
T12
T11
T10
T09
T08
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T07
T06
T05
T04
T03
T02
T01
T00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
IVF
IVFE
STOP MODE
CLR
CLK1
CLK0
Address: 0001F0H, 0001F4H
0001F8H, 0001FCH
TCDT (Lower)
Address: 0001F1H, 0001F5H
0001F9H, 0001FDH
TCCS
Address: 0001F3H, 0001F7H ECLK
0001FBH, 0001FFH
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(x)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
647
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
20.2.1
Timer Data Register (TCDT)
The timer data register is used to read the count value of the 16-bit free-run timer.
■ Timer Data Register (TCDT)
Figure 20.2-2 Bit Configuration of Timer Data Register (TCDT)
TCDT (Upper)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
T15
T14
T13
T12
T11
T10
T09
T08
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T07
T06
T05
T04
T03
T02
T01
T00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Address: 0001F0H, 0001F4H
0001F8H, 0001FCH
TCDT (Lower)
Address: 0001F1H, 0001F5H
0001F9H, 0001FDH
The counter value of the timer data register is initialized to "0000H" by a reset. Write to this register to set
the timer value.
Note that this register must be written to in the stop state (STOP=1 in TCCS register).
The 16-bit free-run timer is initialized as a result of the following:
• Reset
• Setting the clear bit (CLR) of the timer control status register to "1"
• Match of the value of the compare clear register in the output compare and the counter value (Mode
setting is required).
Note:
Access to the TCDT register must be half word (16 bits) access.
648
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
20.2.2
Timer Control Status Register (TCCS)
The timer control status register (TCCS) is used to control the count value of the 16-bit
free-run timer.
■ Timer Control Status Register (TCCS)
TCCS
bit7
Address: 0001F3H, 0001F7H ECLK
0001FBH, 0001FFH
6
5
4
IVF
IVFE
3
2
1
0
STOP MODE
CLR
CLK1
CLK0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(x)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit7] ECLK: Clock selection bit
This bit selects either the internal count clock source or external count clock source for the 16-bit freerun timer. Change the clock source while the output compare and input capture are stopped.
Table 20.2-1 Clock Selection Bit
ECLK
Clock selection
0
Selects the internal clock source (CLKP) [Initial value]
1
Selects the external pin (FRCK)
Note:
If the internal clock is selected, set the count clock in bit1 and bit0 (CLK1 and CLK0 of the TCDT
register). This count clock is handled as the base clock.
The minimum pulse width required for the external clock is 2 x T (T: peripheral clock machine cycle).
If the external clock is specified and the output compare is used, a compare match or interrupt
occurs at the next clock cycle. For a compare match to be output and an interrupt to occur, at least
one clock cycle must be input after the compare match.
649
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
[bit6] IVF: Interrupt request flag
IVF is the interrupt request flag of the 16-bit free-run timer.
When the 16-bit free-run timer overflows or when, as a result of the mode setting, a match with
compare register is detected, this bit is set to "1".
An interrupt occurs when the interrupt request enable bit (IVFE) is set.
Write "0" to this bit to clear it. A read-modify-write (RMW) instruction always reads "1" from this bit.
Table 20.2-2 Interrupt Request Flag
IVF
Interrupt request flag
0
No interrupt request
1
Interrupt request
Note:
The initial value of the IVF bit immediately after a reset clear is "0". But, after an overflow occurs, the
initial value of the IVF bit read is "1" because the timer counter automatically performs the count
operation following a reset clear.
[bit5] IVFE: Interrupt enable bit
IVFE is the interrupt enable bit of the 16-bit free-run timer.
When this bit is set to "1" and the interrupt flag (IVF) is set to "1", an interrupt occurs.
Table 20.2-3 Interrupt Enable Bit
IVFE
Interrupt enabled
0
Interrupt disabled [Initial value]
1
Interrupt enabled
[bit4] STOP: Stop bit
The STOP bit is used to stop counting by the 16-bit free-run timer.
Table 20.2-4 Stop Bit
STOP
Count operation
0
Counting enabled (operation) [Initial value]
1
Counting disabled (stop)
Note:
When the 16-bit free-run timer stops, the output compare operation also stops.
650
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
[bit3] MODE: Mode setting bit
The MODE bit is used to set the initialization conditions of the 16-bit free-run timer.
When this bit is set to "0", the counter value can be initialized by a reset and the clear bit (bit2: CLR).
When this bit is set to "1", the counter value can be initialized as the result of a match with the value of
compare register of the output compare as well as by a reset and the clear bit (bit2: CLR).
Table 20.2-5 Mode Setting Bit
MODE
Timer initialization condition
0
Initialization caused by a reset or the clear bit [Initial value]
1
Initialization caused by a reset, the clear bit, or compare register
[bit2] CLR: Timer clear bit
The CLR bit is used to initialize the value of the operating 16-bit free-run timer to "0000H".
When "1" is written to this bit, the timer value is initialized to "0000H".
"0" is always read from this bit.
Note:
The counter value is initialized at the change point of the count value. After "1" is written to CLR bit,
the counter clear request is canceled if "0" is written to the CLR bit before the counter is cleared.
To initialize the counter value while the timer is stopped, write "0000H" to the data register.
[bit1, bit0] CLK1, CLK0: Count clock selection bits
The CLK1 and CLK0 bits are used to select the count clock of the 16-bit free-run timer.
Immediately after a value is written to these bits, the clock is updated. Therefore, be sure to stop the
output compare and input capture operation before writing a value to these bits.
Table 20.2-6 Count Clock Selection Bits
CLK1
CLK0
Count clock (φ)
φ=18 MHz
φ=9 MHz
0
0
φ/22
0.22 µs
0.44 µs
0
1
φ/24
0.89 µs
1.78 µs
1
0
φ/25
1.78 µs
3.56 µs
1
1
φ/26
3.56 µs
7.11 µs
φ: Resource clock (CLKP)
651
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
20.3
16-bit Free-run Timer Operation
The 16-bit free-run timer starts counting from counter value "0000H" after a reset is
cleared. This counter value is used as the base time for 16-bit output compare and 16bit input capture.
■ 16-bit Free-run Timer Operation
The counter value is cleared in the following cases:
• An overflow occurs.
• A compare match with the compare clear register (compare register in the output compare) value (A
mode setting is required).
• "1" is written to the CLR bit of the TCCS register during operation.
• "0000H" is written to the TCDT register while the timer is stopped.
• A reset occurs.
An interrupt can occur when an overflow occurs or when the counter is cleared because a compare match
with the compare clear register value occurs (A mode setting is required for a compare match interrupt).
Figure 20.3-1 Clearing of Counter Because of an Overflow
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
0000H
Reset
Interrupt
652
Time
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
Figure 20.3-2 Clearing of Counter Because of a Compare Match with the Compare Clear Register Value
Counter value
FFFFH
Match
BFFFH
Match
7FFFH
3FFFH
0000H
Time
Reset
Compare register
BFFFH
Interrupt
■ Clear Timing of the 16-bit Free-run Timer
The counter can be cleared by a reset, software, or a match with the compare clear register.
A reset and software clear the counter as soon as the clear occurs. A match with the compare clear register,
however, clears the counter in synchronization with the count timing.
Figure 20.3-3 Clear Timing of the 16-bit Free-run Timer
Compare clear
register value
N
Counter clear
Counter value
N
0000H
■ Count Timing of the 16-bit Free-run Timer
The 16-bit free-run timer counts up according to an input clock (internal or external clock). When an
external clock is selected, the clock’s falling edge ↓ is synchronized with the system clock, then the falling
edge of the internal count clock is counted.
Figure 20.3-4 Count Timing of the 16-bit Free-run Timer
External clock input
Internal count clock
Counter value
N
N+1
653
CHAPTER 20 16-BIT FREE-RUN TIMER
20.4
Notes on Using the 16-bit Free-run Timer
This section contains notes on using the 16-bit free-run timer.
■ Notes on Using the 16-bit Free-run Timer
• If the interrupt request flag is set and cleared at the same time, setting of the flag takes precedence and
the clear operation is ineffective.
• If "1" is written to bit2 (counter initialization bit: CLR) of the control status register, the bit retains the
value until the internal counter is cleared, then clears itself when the internal counter is cleared. If "1" is
written to counter initialization bit at the same time that the bit is cleared, the write takes precedence,
and the counter initialization bit retains "1" until the next clear timing.
• The counter is cleared only during operation of the internal counter (The internal prescaler is also in
operation). To clear the counter while it is stopped, write" 0000H" to the timer count data register.
654
CHAPTER 21
INPUT CAPTURE
This chapter describes the functions and operation of
the input capture.
21.1 Overview of the Input Capture
21.2 Input Capture Registers
21.3 Input Capture Operation
655
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
21.1
Overview of the Input Capture
The input capture detects rising edges, falling edges, or both edges on the signal input
from an external pin and saves the value of the 16-bit free-run timer at that time to a
register. The unit can also generate an interrupt when an edge is detected.
The input capture consists of an input capture data register and control register.
■ Overview of the Input Capture
Each input capture has its own external input pin.
• The active edge on the external input can be selected from the following three options :
- Rising edge
- Falling edge
- Both edges
• The input capture can generate an interrupt when an active edge on the external input is detected.
• The free-run timer and the input capture operate cooperatively by the following combinations.
- Free-run timer 0, input capture 0, 1
- Free-run timer 1, input capture 2, 3
■ Block Diagram of the Input Capture
Figure 21.1-1 Block Diagram
Count value from 16-bit
free-run timer (T15 to T00)
R-bus
Capture data register ch.0
IN0
Input pin
Edge detection
EG11
Count value from 16-bit
free-run timer (T15 to T00)
EG10
EG01
IN1
Input pin
Edge detection
Capture data register ch.1
ICP1
ICP0
ICE1
EG00
ICE0
Interrupt
Interrupt
656
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
21.2
Input Capture Registers
The input capture has the following two registers:
• Input capture register (IPCP0 to IPCP3)
• Input capture control register (ICS01,ICS23)
This section describes these registers in detail.
■ Input Capture Registers
Figure 21.2-1 Bit Configuration of Input Capture Registers
IPCP (Upper)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
CP15
CP14
CP13
CP12
CP11
CP10
CP09
CP08
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CP07
CP06
CP05
CP04
CP03
CP02
CP01
CP00
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICP1
ICP0
ICE1
ICE0
EG11
EG10
EG01
EG00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Address:
IPCP0: 000184H
IPCP1: 000186H
IPCP2: 000188H
IPCP3: 00018AH
IPCP (Lower)
Address:
IPCP0: 000185H
IPCP1: 000187H
IPCP2: 000189H
IPCP3: 00018BH
ICS
Address:
ICS01: 000181H
ICS23: 000183H
657
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
21.2.1
Input Capture Register (IPCP0 to IPCP3)
The input capture register (IPCP0 to IPCP3) retains the 16-bit free-run timer value when
the device detects the valid edge of a waveform input from the corresponding external
pin.
■ Bit Configuration of the Input Capture Register (IPCP0 to IPCP3)
Figure 21.2-2 Bit Configuration of the Input Capture Register (IPCP0 to IPCP3)
IPCP (Upper)
Address:
IPCP0: 000184H
IPCP1: 000186H
IPCP2: 000188H
IPCP3: 00018AH
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
CP15
CP14
CP13
CP12
CP11
CP10
CP09
CP08
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CP07
CP06
CP05
CP04
CP03
CP02
CP01
CP00
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
IPCP (Lower)
Address:
IPCP0: 000185H
IPCP1: 000187H
IPCP2: 000189H
IPCP3: 00018BH
The input capture register retains the 16-bit free-run timer value when the device detects the valid edge of a
waveform input from the corresponding external pin. The value of this register is undefined after a reset.
Access this register using 16-bit or 32-bit data. Writing to this register is not permitted.
658
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
21.2.2
Input Capture Control Register (ICS01,ICS23)
The input capture control register (ICS01,ICS23) is used to control an input capture
interrupt or an edge detection.
■ Bit Configuration of the Input Capture Control Register (ICS01,ICS23)
Figure 21.2-3 Bit Configuration of the Input Capture Control Register (ICS01,ICS23)
ICS
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICP1
ICP0
ICE1
ICE0
EG11
EG10
EG01
EG00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Address:
ICS01: 000181H
ICS23: 000183H
[bit7, bit6] ICP1, ICP0: Input capture interrupt flags
These bits are input capture interrupt flags. When a valid edge from the external input pin is detected,
these bits are set to "1". If the interrupt enable bits (ICE3 to ICE0) are also set, the detection of a valid
edge causes an interrupt to be generated. Write "0" to these bits to clear them. Writing "1" is
meaningless. A read-modify-write (RMW) instruction always reads "1" from these bits.
Table 21.2-1 Input Capture Interrupt Flags
ICP0/ICP1
Interrupt flag
0
Valid edge not detected [Initial value]
1
Valid edge detected
[bit5, bit4] ICE1, ICE0: Input capture interrupt enable bits
These bits are the input capture interrupt enable bits. If they are set to "1" and the input capture interrupt
flags (ICP1, ICP0) are also set to "1", an input capture interrupt occurs.
Table 21.2-2 Input Capture Interrupt Enable Bits
ICE0/ICE1
Input capture interrupt enable
0
Interrupt disabled [Initial value]
1
Interrupt enabled
659
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
[bit3 to bit0] EG11, EG10, EG01, EG00 (EG31, EG30, EG21, EG20): Edge selection bits
These bits are used to select a valid edge polarity for external input. They also enable an input capture
operation.
Table 21.2-3 Edge Selection Bits
EGn1
EGn0
Edge polarity detection
0
0
Edge not detected (stopped) [Initial value]
0
1
Rising edge detected ↑
1
0
Falling edge detected ↓
1
1
Both edges (rising and falling edges) detected ↑ & ↓
The number n in EGn1/EGn0 corresponds to the input capture channel number.
n = 0 to 3
660
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
21.3
Input Capture Operation
When the 16-bit input capture detects the specified valid edge, it can read the value of
the 16-bit free-run timer into the capture register and generate an interrupt.
■ 16-bit Input Capture Operation
Figure 21.3-1 Example of Timing for Input Capture Reading
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
Time
0000H
Reset
IN0
IN1
IN2
Data register 0
Undefined
3FFFH
Data register 2
BFFFH
Undefined
Data register 1
Undefined
BFFFH
7FFFH
Capture 0 interrupt
Capture 1 interrupt
Capture 2 interrupt
Capture 0 = Rising edge
Capture 1 = Falling edge
Capture 2 = Both edges
Interrupt generated again due to a valid edge
Interrupt cleared by software
661
CHAPTER 21 INPUT CAPTURE
■ 16-bit Input Capture Input Timing
Figure 21.3-2 Example of 16-bit Input Capture Input Timing
φ
Counter value
N
N+1
Input capture input
Valid edge
Capture signal
Capture register value
Interrupt
662
N+1
CHAPTER 22
OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
This chapter describes the functions and operation of
the output compare unit.
22.1 Overview of the Output Compare Unit
22.2 Output Compare Unit Registers
22.3 Output Compare Unit Operation
663
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
22.1
Overview of the Output Compare Unit
The output compare module consists of a compare register, compare output latch, and
control register.
■ Features of the Output Compare Unit
• The compare registers operate independently.
Each compare register has a corresponding output pin and interrupt flag.
• The output pin can be controlled using two compare registers as a pair.
The output pin is reversed using two compare registers.
• The initial value of each output pin default can be set.
• Interrupts can be generated at a compare match.
• The free-run timer and the output compare unit operate cooperatively by the following combinations.
- Free-run timer 2, output compare 0, 1
- Free-run timer 3, output compare 2, 3
■ Block Diagram of the Output Compare Unit
Figure 22.1-1 Block Diagram of Output Compare Unit
OTD1
OTD0
Compare register
Compare circuit
R-bus
Compare register
OTE0
Output
Compare
output latch
OTE1
Output
CMOD
Compare circuit
CST1
Compare
output latch
CST0
ICP1
ICP0
ICE1
ICE0
16-bit free-run timer
Interrupt output
Interrupt output
664
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
22.2
Output Compare Unit Registers
The output compare unit has the compare register and control register.
■ Output Compare Unit Registers
Figure 22.2-1 Bit Configuration of Output Compare Unit Registers
OCCP (Upper)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
C15
C14
C13
C12
C11
C10
C09
C08
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
C07
C06
C05
C04
C03
C02
C01
C00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
CMOD Reserved Reserved
OTD1
OTD0
Address:
OCCP0: 000190H
OCCP1: 000192H
OCCP2: 000194H
OCCP3: 000196H
OCCP (Lower)
Address:
OCCP0: 000191H
OCCP1: 000193H
OCCP2: 000195H
OCCP3: 000197H
OCS (Upper)
Address:
OCS01: 00018CH
OCS23: 00018EH
Reserved Reserved Reserved
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICP1
ICP0
ICE1
ICE0
CST1
CST0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
OCS (Lower)
Address:
OCS01: 00018DH
OCS23: 00018FH
Reserved Reserved
665
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
22.2.1
Compare Register (OCCP0 to OCCP3)
This section describes the compare register (OCCP0 to OCCP3) in detail.
■ Bit Configuration of the Compare Register (OCCP0 to OCCP3)
Figure 22.2-2 Bit Configuration of the Compare Register (OCCP0 to OCCP3)
OCCP (Upper)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
C15
C14
C13
C12
C11
C10
C09
C08
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
C07
C06
C05
C04
C03
C02
C01
C00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Address:
OCCP0: 000190H
OCCP1: 000192H
OCCP2: 000194H
OCCP3: 000196H
OCCP (Lower)
Address:
OCCP0: 000191H
OCCP1: 000193H
OCCP2: 000195H
OCCP3: 000197H
■ Functions of the Compare Register (OCCP0 to OCCP3)
The compare register is the 16-bit compare register that is compared with the 16-bit free-run timer. Since
the initial value of the register is undefined, set the compare value before enabling startup.
Access the compare register using 16-bit or 32-bit data. When the register value and the 16-bit free-run
timer value match, a compare signal is generated and the output compare interrupt flag is set. When the
corresponding bit of the port function register (PFR) is set and output is enabled, the output level
corresponding to the compare register is reversed.
666
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
22.2.2
Control Register (OCS01,OCS23)
This section describes the control register (OCS01,OCS23) in detail.
■ Bit Configuration of the Control Register (OCS01,OCS23)
Figure 22.2-3 Bit Configuration of the Control Register (OCS01,OCS23)
OCS (Upper)
Address:
OCS01: 00018CH
OCS23: 00018EH
bit15
14
13
Reserved Reserved Reserved
12
11
10
9
8
CMOD Reserved Reserved
OTD1
OTD0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICP1
ICP0
ICE1
ICE0
CST1
CST0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
OCS (Lower)
Address:
OCS01: 00018DH
OCS23: 00018FH
Reserved Reserved
[bit15 to bit13] Reserved: Reserved bits
These bits are reserved bits. In a read operation, "111B" is always read from these bits.
[bit12] CMOD: Mode bit
Switches the mode for reversing the pin output level for a compare match if pin output is enabled.
• When CMOD=0 (initial value), the output level of the pin corresponding to the compare register is
reversed.
- The level is reversed when compare register 0 (2) provides a match.
- The level is reversed when compare register 1 (3) provides a match.
• When CMOD=1,
- The level is reversed when compare register 0 (2) provides a match.
- The level is reversed when compare registers 0 (2) or 1 (3) provides a match.
[bit11, bit10] Reserved: Reserved bits
These bits are reserved bits. In a read operation, "11B" is always read from these bits.
667
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
[bit9, bit8] OTD1, OTD0: Compare pin output level change bits
Use these bits to change the pin output level when the output compare register pin output is enabled.
Write to these bits after stopping the compare operation. In a read operation, the output compare pin
output value is read from these bits.
Table 22.2-1 Compare Pin Output Level Change Bits
OTD1, OTD0
Compare pin output level
0
The compare pin output changes to "0". [Initial value]
1
The compare pin output changes to "1".
[bit7, bit6] ICP1, ICP0: Interrupt flags
These bits are interrupt flags for an output compare. They are set to "1" if the compare registers and the
16-bit free-run timer value match. When the interrupt request bits (ICE1, ICE0) are enabled and these
bits are set to "1", an output compare interrupt occurs. Write "0" to these bits to clear them. Writing "1"
is meaningless. A read-modify-write (RMW) instruction always reads "1" from these bits.
Table 22.2-2 Interrupt Flags
ICP1, ICP0
Interrupt flag
0
No output compare match [Initial value]
1
Output compare match
If an external clock is specified for the free-run timer, a compare match or interrupt occurs at the next
clock. For a compare match to be output and an interrupt to occur, at least one clock must be input to
the external clock of the free-run timer after the compare match.
[bit5, bit4] ICE1, ICE0: Interrupt enable bits
These bits enable an output compare interrupt. When they are set to "1" and the interrupt flags (ICP0
and ICP1) are set to "1", an output compare interrupt occurs.
Table 22.2-3 Interrupt Enable Bits
ICE1, ICE0
Interrupt enable
0
Output compare interrupt disabled [Initial value]
1
Output compare interrupt enabled
[bit3, bit2] Reserved: Reserved bits
These are the reserved bits. In a read operation, "11"B is always read from these bits.
668
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
[bit1, bit0] CST1, CST0: Match operation enable bits
These bits enable a match operation with the 16-bit free-run timer. Before enabling the compare
operation, be sure to set the compare register value and the output control register value.
Table 22.2-4 Match Operation Enable Bits
CST1, CST0
Match operation enable
0
Compare operation disabled [Initial value]
1
Compare operation enabled
Since output compare is synchronized with the 16-bit free-run timer, stopping the 16-bit free-run timer
also stops the compare operation.
669
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
22.3
Output Compare Unit Operation
The 16-bit output compare operation compares the specified compare register value
and the 16-bit free-run timer value. If a match occurs, the interrupt flag is set and the
output level is reversed.
■ 16-bit Output Compare Operation
The compare operation can be executed for each channel independently (when CMOD=0).
Figure 22.3-1 Example of Output Waveform When Compare Registers 0 and 1 are Used
(The Initial Value of the Output is "0")
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
Time
0000H
Reset
Compare register 0 value
BFFFH
Compare register 1 value
7FFFH
OP0 Output
OP1 Output
Compare 0 interrupt
Compare 1 interrupt
670
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
The output level can be changed if two compare registers are used (when CMOD=1).
Figure 22.3-2 Example of Output Waveform When the Compare Registers 0 and 1 are Used
(The Initial Value of the Output is "0")
Counter value
FFFFH
BFFFH
7FFFH
3FFFH
Time
0000H
Reset
Compare register 0 value
BFFFH
Compare register 1 value
7FFFH
OP0 Output
OP1 Output
Compare 0 interrupt
Compare 1 interrupt
671
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
■ 16-bit Output Compare Operation Timing
The output level can be changed if two compare registers are used (when CMOD=1).
When the values of the free-run timer and the specified compare register match, the output compare unit
generates a compare match signal to reverse the output and generate an interrupt. Reversal of output due to
a compare match occurs in synchronization with the count timing of the counter.
● Compare register rewrite timing
When rewritten, the compare register is not compared with the counter value.
Figure 22.3-3 Compare Register Rewrite Timing
Counter value
N
N+1
N+2
N+3
Match signal not generated
Compare clear register 0 value
M
N+1
Compare register 0 write
Compare clear register 1 value
L
N+3
Compare register 1 write
Compare 0 stopped
Compare 1 stopped
● Compare match, interrupt timing
Figure 22.3-4 Compare Match, Interrupt Timing
Count clock
Counter value
Compare register value
Compare match
Pin output
Interrupt
672
N
N
N+1
N+2
N+3
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
● Pin output timing
Figure 22.3-5 Pin Output Timing
Counter value
Compare register value
N
N+1
N+1
N+1
N
Compare match
Pin output
673
CHAPTER 22 OUTPUT COMPARE UNIT
674
CHAPTER 23
PPG (PROGRAMMABLE
PULSE GENERATOR)
This chapter describes the registers, function, and
operation of the PPG.
23.1 Overview of PPG
23.2 PPG Registers
23.3 PPG Operation
675
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.1
Overview of PPG
The PPG can output high-precision PWM waves at an arbitrary cycle and duty ratio.
Each of the channels consists of a 16-bit down-counter, cycle setting 16-bit register
with buffer, duty setting 16-bit register with buffer, and pin controller. The control status
register for each channel is used to indicate the operation control mode. General
control registers 10 and 20 are common registers shared by each channel for its
control.
■ Features
The count clock for the 16-bit down-counter can be selected from among the following four types:
• Clocks: FCLKP, FCLKP/4, FCLKP/16, FCLKP/64 (FCLKP: Clock for peripherals)
• The counter can be set to "FFFFH" by a reset or underflow.
The 16-bit down-counter causes an underflow when it changes from "0000H" to "FFFFH".
• Each channel has output pin.
• Registers
Cycle setting register: Data reload register with buffer
Duty setting register: Compare register with buffer
• Output pin control
A duty match causes an output 1.
An underflow causes an output 0.
The output value fix mode enables output of all "L" or all "H".
The polarity reverse can also be specified.
• An interrupt factor can be generated using any combination of the following:
Activation trigger of PPG (software trigger)
Occurrence of counter borrow (cycle match)
Occurrence of duty match
Occurrence of counter borrow (cycle match) or occurrence of duty match
• You can set simultaneous activation of two or more channels using software or reload timer. You can
also set restarting the PPG during operation.
676
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
■ Block Diagram of PPG
● Configuration diagram of the entire PPG0 to PPG7 and the reload timer connection
Figure 23.1-1 Configuration Diagram of the Entire PPG
PPG0 to PPG3
External trigger 0
External trigger 1
Output pins
TRG input
PPG ch.0
PPG0
TRG input
PPG ch.1
PPG1
TRG input
PPG ch.2
PPG2
TRG input
PPG ch.3
PPG3
External trigger 2
External trigger 3
Selector
Reload timer 0
Reload timer 1
General
control
register 20
Select signal
General control register 10
(Indicates trigger input)
PPG4 to PPG7
Selector
Reload timer 2
Reload timer 3
General
control
register 21
Select signal
Output pins
TRG input
PPG ch.4
PPG4
TRG input
PPG ch.5
PPG5
TRG input
PPG ch.6
PPG6
TRG input
PPG ch.7
PPG7
General control register 11
(Indicates trigger input)
677
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
● Configuration diagram of PPG (1 channel)
Figure 23.1-2 Configuration Diagram of PPG (1 Channel)
Cycle setting register
Duty setting register
PCSR
PDUT
Prescaler
CMP
FCLKP/1
Clock
Load
FCLKP/4
16-bit down-counter
FCLKP/16
FCLKP/64
Start
Underflow
PPG mask
Peripheral
clock (FCLKP)
PPG
output
Reversal bit
Enable
Internal trigger (EN0 to EN3)
GCN20
Reload Timer
ch.0, ch.1 input
Edge
detection
Software trigger
678
Interrupt
selection
IRQ
(Interrupt request signal)
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2
PPG Registers
This section lists the PPG registers and details their functions.
■ PPG Registers
Figure 23.2-1 PPG Registers
GCN10 (Upper)
bit15
Address: 000100H
14
13
12
11
TSEL33 to TSEL30
10
9
8
TSEL23 to TSEL20
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GCN10 (Lower)
Address: 000101H
TSEL13 to TSEL10
TSEL03 to TSEL00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
GCN11 (Upper)
Address: 000104H
TSEL73 to TSEL70
TSEL63 to TSEL60
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GCN11 (Lower)
Address: 000105H
TSEL53 to TSEL50
TSEL43 to TSEL40
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EN3
EN2
EN1
EN0
GCN2
Address: Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
GCN20: 000103H
GCN21: 000107H
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(Continued)
679
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
(Continued)
PTMR (Upper)
Address: 000110H, 000118H bit15
000120H, 000128H
000130H, 000138H D15
000140H, 000148H
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D09
D08
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D07
D06
D05
D04
D03
D02
D01
D00
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D09
D08
PTMR (Lower)
Address: 000111H, 000119H
000121H, 000129H
000131H, 000139H
000141H, 000149H
PCSR (Upper)
Address: 000112H, 00011AH bit15
000122H, 00012AH
D15
000132H, 00013AH
000142H, 00014AH
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D07
D06
D05
D04
D03
D02
D01
D00
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D09
D08
PCSR (Lower)
Address: 000113H, 00011BH
000123H, 00012BH
000133H, 00013BH
000143H, 00014BH
PDUT (Upper)
Address: 000114H, 00011CH bit15
000124H, 00012CH
D15
000134H, 00013CH
000144H, 00014CH
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(Continued)
680
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
(Continued)
PDUT (Lower)
Address: 000115H, 00011DH
000125H, 00012DH
000135H, 00013DH
000145H, 00014DH
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D07
D06
D05
D04
D03
D02
D01
D00
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
STGR MDSE RTRG
CKS1
CKS0
PGMS Reserved
PCNH
Address: 000116H, 00011EH bit15
000126H, 00012EH
CNTE
000136H, 00013EH
000146H, 00014EH
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(−)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EGS0
IREN
IRQF
IRS1
IRS0 Reserved OSEL
PCNL
Address: 000117H, 00011FH bit7
000127H, 00012FH
EGS1
000137H, 00013FH
000147H, 00014FH
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(−)
(0)
681
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2.1
Control Status Registers (PCNH, PCNL)
The control status registers (PCNH and PCNL) are a register per each channel for
controlling the operation mode setting, the start enable, the clock selection, the output
mask, the trigger input edge selection, and the interrupt enable. Also the registers
indicate the interrupt status flag.
■ Structure of the Control Status Registers (PCNH, PCNL)
Figure 23.2-2 Configuration of the Control Status Registers
PCNH
Address: 000116H, 00011EH bit15
000126H, 00012EH
CNTE
000136H, 00013EH
000146H, 00014EH
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
STGR MDSE RTRG
CKS1
CKS0
PGMS Reserved
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(−)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EGS0
IREN
IRQF
IRS1
IRS0 Reserved OSEL
PCNL
Address: 000117H, 00011FH bit7
000127H, 00012FH
EGS1
000137H, 00013FH
000147H, 00014FH
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(−)
(0)
■ Functions of the PCNH/PCNL Bits
[bit15] CNTE: Counter operation enable
This bit enables or disables operation of the 16-bit down-counter.
Table 23.2-1 Counter Operation Enable
CNTE
Function
0
Disable the operation [Initial value]
1
Enable the operation
[bit14] STGR: Software trigger
Setting this bit to "1" causes a software trigger to activate PPG.
The bit returns a value of "0" whenever read.
682
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
[bit13] MDSE: Operation mode
This bit selects PWM operation for generating a continuous stream of pulses or one-shot operation for
generating a single pulse.
Table 23.2-2 Operation Mode
MDSE
Function
0
PWM operation [Initial value]
1
One-shot operation
[bit12] RTRG: Restart enable bit
This bit enables or disables restart using a trigger input.
Table 23.2-3 Restart Enable Bit
RTRG
Function
0
Disables restarting. [Initial value]
1
Enables restarting.
[bit11, bit10] CKS1, CKS0: Clock select
These bits select the count clock for the 16-bit down-counter.
Table 23.2-4 Selecting the Count Clock
CKS1
CKS0
Count clock
0
0
FCLKP/1 [Initial value]
0
1
FCLKP/4
1
0
FCLKP/16
1
1
FCLKP/64
FCLKP: Peripheral macro operation clock
[bit9] PGMS: PPG output mask
When set to "1", this bit sets the PPG output to "L" or "H" regardless of the mode, cycle, and duty
settings.
Table 23.2-5 PPG Output Mask
Polarity
PPG output
Normal polarity
"L" level output [Initial value]
Inverted polarity
"H" level output
Use OSEL bit (bit0 of the control status register) to specify the output polarity.
683
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
[bit8] Unused bit
[bit7, bit6] EGS1, EGS0: Trigger input select
These bits select the effective edge for the trigger input selected by general control register 10
(GCN10).
Table 23.2-6 Trigger Input Select
EGS1
EGS0
Trigger input edge
0
0
Invalid [Initial value]
0
1
Rising edge
1
0
Falling edge
1
1
Both edges
[bit5] IREN: Interrupt request enable
This bit enables or disables interrupt requests.
Table 23.2-7 Interrupt Request Enable
IREN
Function
0
Disable interrupt requests [Initial value]
1
Enable interrupt requests
[bit4] IRQF: Interrupt request flag
When the interrupt source selected by bit3 and bit2 (IRS1 and IRS0) is generated with bit5 (IREN)
enabling interrupt requests, this bit is set, generating an interrupt request to the CPU.
This bit is cleared by writing "0" to it. Writing "1" to this bit does not change the bit value.
When read by a read-modify-write (RMW) instruction, the bit returns "1" regardless of the bit value.
If this bit is selected as a DMAC trigger, DMA transfer request occurs. In this case, this bit is cleared by
DMAC at the transfer.
[bit3, bit2] IRS1, IRS0: Interrupt source select
These bits select the interrupt source.
Table 23.2-8 Selecting the Interrupt Source
IRS1
IRS0
0
0
Generation of a software trigger or trigger input [Initial value]
0
1
Occurrence of counter borrow (cycle match)
1
0
Occurrence of duty match
1
1
Occurrence of counter borrow (cycle match) or occurrence of duty match
[bit1] Unused bit
684
Interrupt source
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
[bit0] OSEL: PPG output polarity select
This bit sets the PPG output polarity.
The bit is used in combination with bit9 (PGMS) to specify the following:
Table 23.2-9 PPG Output Polarity and Edge
PGMS
OSEL
PPG output
Polarity
After reset
0
0
Normal polarity [Initial value]
0
1
Inverted polarity
Normal
polarity
"L" output
1
0
Fixed at "L" output
1
1
Fixed at "H" output
Inverted
polarity
"H" output
Duty match
Underflow
685
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2.2
PPG Cycle Setting Register (PCSR)
The PPG cycle setting register (PCSR) is a 16-bit reload register for setting the PPG cycle.
■ Configuration of the PPG Cycle Setting Register (PCSR)
Figure 23.2-3 Configuration of the PPG Cycle Setting Register
PCSR (Upper)
Address: 000112H, 00011AH bit15
000122H, 00012AH
D15
000132H, 00013AH
000142H, 00014AH
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D09
D08
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D07
D06
D05
D04
D03
D02
D01
D00
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
PCSR (Lower)
Address: 000113H, 00011BH
000123H, 00012BH
000133H, 00013BH
000143H, 00014BH
■ Functions of the PCSR
This register has a buffer. PCSR setting value is loaded from the buffer to counter when a counter borrow
occurs or a trigger input is detected.
An counter borrow is caused when the counter reaches "the PCSR set value + 1" count after starting
counting. The cycle is the value obtained by multiplying "the count clock cycle" by "PCSR set value + 1"
count.
Be sure to write to the PPG duty setting register (PDUT) after writing to the PPG cycle setting register.
To write to this register, access it using half word (16-bit) or word (32-bit) data.
686
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2.3
PPG Duty Setting Register (PDUT)
The PPG duty setting register (PDUT) is a 16-bit register for setting the duty of the
output wave.
■ Configuration of the PPG Duty Setting Register (PDUT)
Figure 23.2-4 Configuration of the PPG Duty Setting Register
PDUT (Upper)
Address: 000114H, 00011CH bit15
000124H, 00012CH
D15
000134H, 00013CH
000144H, 00014CH
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D09
D08
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D07
D06
D05
D04
D03
D02
D01
D00
Read/Write
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
PDUT (Lower)
Address: 000115H, 00011DH
000125H, 00012DH
000135H, 00013DH
000145H, 00014DH
■ Functions of the PDUT
The PPG duty setting register sets the duty of the PPG output waveform. When the value matches with the
16-bit counter of the PPG, the PPG output polarity is inverted.
The PPG output pulse width is the value obtained by multiplying "the count clock cycle" by "the PDUT set
value + 1" count.
The PDUT values should be set as "PCSR > PDUT". Setting the register values as "PCSR < PDUT" results
in undefined PPG output.
Setting the PPG cycle setting and PPG duty setting registers to the same value produces all "H" output with
normal polarity (OSEL=0) or all "L" output with inverted polarity (OSEL=1).
To write to this register, access it using half word (16-bit) or word (32-bit) data.
687
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2.4
PPG Timer Register (PTMR)
The PPG timer register (PTMR) is used to read the count value.
■ Configuration of the PPG Timer Register (PTMR)
Figure 23.2-5 Configuration of the PPG Timer Register
PTMR (Upper)
Address: 000110H, 000118H bit15
000120H, 000128H
D15
000130H, 000138H
000140H, 000148H
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D09
D08
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D07
D06
D05
D04
D03
D02
D01
D00
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
PTMR (Lower)
Address: 000111H, 000119H
000121H, 000129H
000131H, 000139H
000141H, 000149H
■ Functions of the PTMR
The PPG timer register (PTMR) is a register from which the count value is read.
To read a value from this register, access it using half word (16-bit) data. Using a byte data cannot read
correctly.
688
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2.5
General Control Register 10 (GCN10)
General control register 10 (GCN10) selects the PPG0 to PPG3 trigger input source.
■ Configuration of General Control Register 10 (GCN10)
Figure 23.2-6 Configuration of General Control Register 10 (GCN10)
GCN10 (Upper)
bit15
Address: 000100H
14
13
12
11
TSEL33 to TSEL30
10
9
8
TSEL23 to TSEL20
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GCN10 (Lower)
Address: 000101H
TSEL13 to TSEL10
TSEL03 to TSEL00
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
■ Functions of the GCN10
[bit15 to bit12] TSEL33 to TSEL30: PPG ch.3 input select
Table 23.2-10 Selecting the PPG ch.3 Trigger Input
TSEL33 to TSEL30
PPG ch.3 trigger input
bit15
bit14
bit13
bit12
0
0
0
0
GCN20 EN0 bit
0
0
0
1
GCN20 EN1 bit
0
0
1
0
GCN20 EN2 bit
0
0
1
1
GCN20 EN3 bit [Initial value]
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.0
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.1
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
0
0
0
External trigger 0
1
0
0
1
External trigger 1
1
0
1
0
External trigger 2
1
0
1
1
External trigger 3
1
1
x
x
Setting prohibited
689
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
[bit11 to bit8] TSEL23 to TSEL20: PPG ch.2 trigger input select
Table 23.2-11 Selecting the PPG ch.2 Trigger Input
TSEL23 to TSEL20
PPG ch.2 trigger input
bit11
bit10
bit9
bit8
0
0
0
0
GCN20 EN0 bit
0
0
0
1
GCN20 EN1 bit
0
0
1
0
GCN20 EN2 bit [Initial value]
0
0
1
1
GCN20 EN3 bit
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.0
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.1
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
0
0
0
External trigger 0
1
0
0
1
External trigger 1
1
0
1
0
External trigger 2
1
0
1
1
External trigger 3
1
1
x
x
Setting prohibited
[bit7 to bit4] TSEL13 to TSEL10: PPG ch.1 trigger input select
Table 23.2-12 Selecting the PPG ch.1 Trigger Input
TSEL13 to TSEL10
PPG ch.1 trigger input
690
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
0
0
0
0
GCN20 EN0 bit
0
0
0
1
GCN20 EN1 bit [Initial value]
0
0
1
0
GCN20 EN2 bit
0
0
1
1
GCN20 EN3 bit
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.0
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.1
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
0
0
0
External trigger 0
1
0
0
1
External trigger 1
1
0
1
0
External trigger 2
1
0
1
1
External trigger 3
1
1
x
x
Setting prohibited
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
[bit3 to bit0] TSEL03 to TSEL00: PPG ch.0 trigger input select
Table 23.2-13 Selecting the PPG ch.0 Trigger Input
TSEL03 to TSEL00
PPG ch.0 trigger input
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
0
0
0
0
GCN20 EN0 bit [Initial value]
0
0
0
1
GCN20 EN1 bit
0
0
1
0
GCN20 EN2 bit
0
0
1
1
GCN20 EN3 bit
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.0
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.1
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
0
0
0
External trigger 0
1
0
0
1
External trigger 1
1
0
1
0
External trigger 2
1
0
1
1
External trigger 3
1
1
x
x
Setting prohibited
691
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2.6
General Control Register 11 (GCN11)
General control register 11 (GCN11) selects the PPG4 to PPG7 trigger input source.
■ Configuration of the General Control Register 11 (GCN11)
Figure 23.2-7 Configuration of the General Control Register 11 (GCN11)
GCN11 (Upper)
bit15
Address: 000104H
14
13
12
11
TSEL73 to TSEL70
10
9
8
TSEL63 to TSEL60
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GCN11 (Lower)
Address: 000105H
TSEL53 to TSEL50
TSEL43 to TSEL40
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
■ Functions of the GCN11
[bit15 to bit12] TSEL73 to TSEL70: PPG ch.7 trigger input select
Table 23.2-14 Selecting the PPG ch.7 Trigger Input
TSEL73 to TSEL70
PPG ch.7 trigger input
692
bit15
bit14
bit13
bit12
0
0
0
0
GCN21 EN0 bit
0
0
0
1
GCN21 EN1 bit
0
0
1
0
GCN21 EN2 bit
0
0
1
1
GCN21 EN3 bit [Initial value]
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.2
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.3
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
x
x
x
Setting prohibited
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
[bit11 to bit8] TSEL63 to TSEL60: PPG ch.6 trigger input select
Table 23.2-15 Selecting the PPG ch.6 Trigger Input
TSEL63 to TSEL60
PPG ch.6 trigger input
bit11
bit10
bit9
bit8
0
0
0
0
GCN21 EN0 bit
0
0
0
1
GCN21 EN1 bit
0
0
1
0
GCN21 EN2 bit [Initial value]
0
0
1
1
GCN21 EN3 bit
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.2
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.3
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
x
x
x
Setting prohibited
[bit7 to bit4] TSEL53 to TSEL50: PPG ch.5 trigger input select
Table 23.2-16 Selecting the PPG ch.5 Trigger Input
TSEL53 to TSEL50
PPG ch.5 trigger input
bit7
bit6
bit5
bit4
0
0
0
0
GCN21 EN0 bit
0
0
0
1
GCN21 EN1 bit [Initial value]
0
0
1
0
GCN21 EN2 bit
0
0
1
1
GCN21 EN3 bit
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.2
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.3
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
x
x
x
Setting prohibited
693
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
[bit3 to bit0] TSEL43 to TSEL40: PPG ch.4 trigger input select
Table 23.2-17 Selecting the PPG ch.4 Trigger Input
TSEL43 to TSEL40
PPG ch.4 trigger input
694
bit3
bit2
bit1
bit0
0
0
0
0
GCN21 EN0 bit [Initial value]
0
0
0
1
GCN21 EN1 bit
0
0
1
0
GCN21 EN2 bit
0
0
1
1
GCN21 EN3 bit
0
1
0
0
16-bit reload timer ch.2
0
1
0
1
16-bit reload timer ch.3
0
1
1
x
Setting prohibited
1
x
x
x
Setting prohibited
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.2.7
General Control Register 2 (GCN20,GCN21)
General control register 2 (GCN20,GCN21) is used to generate an activation trigger by
software. This register can activate 4 channels at a same time.
■ Configuration of the General Control Register 2 (GCN20,GCN21)
Figure 23.2-8 Configuration of the General Control Register 2 (GCN20,GCN21)
GCN20,GCN21
bit7
6
5
4
Address: Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
GCN20: 000103H
GCN21: 000107H
3
2
1
0
EN3
EN2
EN1
EN0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
■ Functions of the GCN20,GCN21
If the EN0 to EN3 bits in GCN20, GCN21 register are selected as the activation trigger source by general
control register 1 (GCN1), the written value of EN0 to EN3 is passed to the PPG trigger input as it is. The
trigger input edge is selected by bit7 and bit6 (EGS1 and EGS0) in the control status register (PCNL).
Multiple PPG timer channels can be activated at the same time by using this register.
Be sure to write "0" to bit7 to bit4 in this register.
695
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.3
PPG Operation
This section describes the operation of the PPG. There are two PPG output operation
modes: PWM operation and one-shot operation modes.
■ PPG Operation
The PWM operation mode outputs a continuous stream of pulses; the one-shot operation mode outputs a
single pulse.
The items covered in this section are shown below:
• PWM operation
• One-shot operation
• Interrupts
• All "L" and all "H" PPG outputs
696
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.3.1
PWM Operation
The PWM operation mode outputs a continuous stream of pulses.
■ PWM Operation
The PWM operation mode outputs a continuous stream of pulses from the time at which an activation
trigger is detected. The output pulse cycle can be controlled by changing the value in the cycle setting
register (PCSR). The duty can also be controlled by changing the value in the duty setting register (PDUT).
When setting the output pulse cycle and duty ratio, be sure to write data to the PDUT register after writing
data to the PCSR register.
■ PPG Output Timing
When the activation trigger is detected, the cycle setting value is loaded into the counter and the downcounter starts counting.
When the counter value and the duty setting value (PDUT) match, the PPG output polarity is inverted.
If the counter causes an underflow, the value set in the PCSR register (cycle) is loaded into the counter and
the PPG output polarity is inverted.
When the trigger restarting has been disabled, a trigger input causes no effect on PPG output (Refer to
Figure 23.3-1).
When the trigger restarting has been enabled, a trigger input causes PCSR value to be loaded into the
counter even during counting. Then the counting is continued (Refer to Figure 23.3-2).
[Equations for calculating the PPG output pulse cycle and duty ratio]
Pm = T(m+1) µs
Pn = T(n+1) µs
Pm: Output pulse cycle
Pn: Output pulse width
T: Count clock cycle
m: Value set in the cycle setting register (PCSR)
n: Value set in the duty setting register (PDUT)
697
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
● PWM operation timing example 1 (Trigger restarting disabled, PPG output: Normal polarity)
Figure 23.3-1 PWM Operation Timing Example 1
(Trigger Restarting Disabled, PPG Output: Normal Polarity)
Rising edge detected
Restarted by the trigger
Activation trigger
Count value
m
n
Time
0
PPG output
Pn
Pm
Pm: Output pulse cycle
m: PCSR value
Pn: Output pulse "H" width
n: PDUT value
● PWM operation timing example 2 (Trigger restarting enabled, PPG output: Normal polarity)
Figure 23.3-2 PWM Operation Timing Example 2
(Trigger Restarting Enabled, PPG Output: Normal Polarity)
Rising edge detected
Restarted by the trigger
Activation trigger
Count value
m
n
Time
0
PPG output
Pn
Pm
Pm: Output pulse cycle
m: PCSR value
698
Pn: Output pulse "H" width
n: PDUT value
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.3.2
One-Shot Operation
The one-shot operation mode outputs a single pulse.
■ One-Shot Operation
The one-shot operation mode outputs a single pulse upon detection of an activation trigger.
The output pulse cycle can be controlled by changing the value in the cycle setting register (PCSR).
The output pulse width can also be controlled by changing the value in the duty setting register (PDUT).
When setting the output pulse cycle and width (duty ratio), be sure to write data to the PDUT register after
writing data to the PCSR register.
One-shot operation mode also depends on whether restarting has been disabled or enabled. When restarting
is enabled, PCSR value is reloaded to the counter at the time of receiving a restarting trigger. Then the
counting is continued
● One-shot operation timing example when Trigger restarting is disabled, PPG output: Normal polarity)
Figure 23.3-3 One-Shot Operation Timing Example When Trigger Restarting is Disabled
Activation trigger
Rising edge detected
Trigger ignored
Counter value
m
n
Time
0
PPG output
Pn
Pm
Pm = T(m+1)
Pn = T(n+1)
Pm: Output pulse cycle
Pn: Output pulse "H" width
T: Count clock cycle
m: PCSR value
n: PDUT value
699
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
● One-shot operation timing example when trigger restarting is enabled (Normal polarity)
Figure 23.3-4 One-Shot Operation Timing Example When Trigger Restarting is Enabled
Activation trigger
Rising edge detected
Restarted by trigger
Counter value
m
n
Time
0
PPG output
Pn
Pm
Pm = T(m+1)
Pn = T(n+1)
700
Pm: Output pulse cycle
Pn: Output pulse "H" width
T: Count clock cycle
m: PCSR value
n: PDUT value
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.3.3
Interrupts
Interrupt resources generated in PPG are followings:
• Activation of the PPG timer (software trigger or external trigger)
• Occurrence of an underflow
• Occurrence of a duty match
• Occurrence of an underflow or duty match
■ Interrupt Operation
The interrupt request signal to the CPU is generated by setting bits in the control status register (PCNL) as
follows:
• Use bit5 as the interrupt enable bit (IREN) to enable interrupts.
• Use bit3 and bit2 as the interrupt source select bits (IRS1 and IRS0) to select the desired interrupt
source.
• Bit (IRQF) is the interrupt request flag and indicates the interrupt occurrence status.
Figure 23.3-5 shows an interrupt timing diagram.
Figure 23.3-5 Interrupt Source and Timing
Activation trigger
2.5T max*
Load
Clock
Count value
X
0003 H
0002 H
0001 H
0000 H
0003 H
PPG output
Interrupt
Effective edge
Duty match
Counter borrow
*: It takes up to 2.5T (T: count clock cycle) from applying the activation trigger
to loading the count value.
701
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.3.4
All "L" and All "H" PPG Outputs
This section provides examples of producing all "L" and all "H" PPG outputs.
■ All "L" or All "H" Output
Writing "1" to bit9, or the PPG output mask select bit (PGMS), in the control status register (PCNH) masks
the PPG output to the "L" level (normal polarity) or "H" level (inverted polarity) regardless of the mode,
cycle, and duty settings.
Figure 23.3-6 Example of Producing All "L" PPG Output
PPG output
Decrease
the duty
value.
Use an interrupt upon an borrow to write
"1" to the PGMS (mask bit).
Using the borrow interrupt to write "0" to
the PGMS can output the PPG waveform
without hazard output.
Figure 23.3-7 Example of Producing All "H" PPG Output
PPG output
Increase
the duty
value
702
Use an interrupt upon a compare match to
set the duty setting register to the same
value as the cycle setting register value.
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
23.3.5
Activation of Multiple Channels
Multiple channels can be activated concurrently by selecting the start trigger by using
the general control register 10 (GCN10). An example of activation using GCN20 is given
below.
■ Activating Multiple PPG Channels Using Software
[Setting procedure]
(1) Set the cycle setting register (PCSR) to the cycle setting value.
(2) Set the duty setting register (PDUT) to the duty ratio value.
Note: Be sure to write data to the PDUT register after writing data to the PCSR register.
(3) Set the GCN10 register to determine the trigger input source for each channel you want to activate.
ch.0: EN0
ch.1: EN1
ch.2: EN2
ch.3: EN3
(4) Set the control status registers (PCNL, PCNH) corresponding to the channels to be activated.
Table 23.3-1 Setting Example of Activate Channel
Bit
Function
No.
Abbreviation
Value
15
CNTE
1
Timer operation enabled
14
STGR
0
STGR is not activated because GCN20 is used.
13
MDSE
0
PWM operation
12
RTRG
0
Reactivation disabled
11
CKS1
0
10
CKS0
0
9
PGMS
0
Output not masked
8
−
0
Unused bit
7
EGS1
0
6
EGS0
1
5
IREN
1
Interrupt enabled
4
IRQF
0
Interrupt factor cleared
3
IRS1
0
2
IRS0
1
0
OSEL
0
Count clock: FCLKP/1 (No division)
Activation on rising edge
Interrupt request occurs due to counter borrow
Normal polarity
(5) Write data to general control register (GCN20) to generate the activation trigger.
To activate ch.0 and ch.1 at the same time, write "1" to the EN0 and EN1 bits in the GCN20 register.
703
CHAPTER 23 PPG (PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR)
■ Multiple Activation Using a Trigger from the Reload Timer
In step (3) in the above setting procedure, select the 16-bit reload timer as the trigger input source.
In step (5), activate the 16-bit reload timer in place of general control register 2 (GCN20).
704
CHAPTER 24
REAL TIME CLOCK
This chapter describes the register structure and
functions, and the operation of RTC module for the real
time clock.
24.1 Register Configuration of Real Time Clock
24.2 Block Diagram of Real Time Clock
24.3 Register Details of Real Time Clock
705
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
24.1
Register Configuration of Real Time Clock
This section shows the register configuration of the real time clock.
■ Real Time Clock Registers
Figure 24.1-1 Bit Configuration of Real Time Clock Registers
WTCRH
bit15
Address: 0004A2H INTE3
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
INT3
INTE2
INT2
INTE1
INT1
INTE0
INT0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TST1
TST0
−
−
ST
WTCRL
Address: 0004A3H TST2
RUN Reserved
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
(R)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(−)
(0)
bit23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Address: 0004A5H
−
−
−
D20
D19
D18
D17
D16
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0004A6H
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 0004A7H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
−
−
−
H4
H3
H2
H1
H0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
WTBR (Upper)
WTBR (Middle)
WTBR (Lower)
WTHR
Address: 0004A8H
(Continued)
706
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
(Continued)
WTMR
bit23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Address: 0004A9H
−
−
M5
M4
M3
M2
M1
M0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
−
−
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
WTSR
Address: 0004AAH
707
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
24.2
Block Diagram of Real Time Clock
This section shows the block diagram of the real time clock.
■ Block Diagram of Real Time Clock
Figure 24.2-1 Block Diagram of Real Time Clock
Inside RTC
Outside RTC
8 clock
divider
Oscillation clock
UPDT
2 clock
divider
21-bit prescaler
Sub-second
register
ST
Second counter Minute counter
Hour counter
2 clock
divider
6 bits
Sub-second
counter
overflow
INTE0 INT0
6 bits
5 bits
Second/minute/hour register
INTE1 INT1
INTE2 INT2
INTE3 INT3
IRQ
708
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
24.3
Register Details of Real Time Clock
This section describes the detailed register configuration of the real time clock.
■ Timer Control Register (WTCRH, WTCRL)
Figure 24.3-1 Bit Configuration of the Timer Control Register (WTCRH, WTCRL)
WTCRH
bit15
Address: 0004A2H INTE3
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
INT3
INTE2
INT2
INTE1
INT1
INTE0
INT0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TST1
TST0
−
−
ST
WTCRL
Address: 0004A3H TST2
RUN Reserved
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(−)
(R)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(−)
(0)
−: Unused bit
[WTCRH: bit15 to bit8] INT3 to INT0, INTE3 to INTE0: Interrupt flags and Interrupt enable bits
INT0 to INT3 are the interrupt flags. They are set when the sub-second counter, second counter, minute
counter, and hour counter overflow respectively. If the INT bit is set while the corresponding INTE bit
is "1", the interrupt signal is generated. These flags are intended to generate the interrupt signal every
sub-second/second/minute/hour/day. Writing "0" to the INT bits clears the flags and writing "1" does
not have any effect. Any read-modify-write (RMW) instruction performed on the INT bit results
reading "1".
Table 24.3-1 Interrupt Flags and Interrupt Enable Bits
Interrupt
Factor
Interrupt enable bit
Interrupt flag
Second interrupt
Sub-second counter overflow
INTE0
INT0
Minute interrupt
Second counter overflow
INTE1
INT1
Hour interrupt
Minute counter overflow
INTE2
INT2
Day interrupt
Hour counter overflow
INTE3
INT3
[WTCRL: bit7 to bit5] TST2 to TST0: Test bits
These bits are prepared for the device test.
In any user applications, they should be set to "000B".
[WTCRL: bit4] Unused bit
709
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
[WTCRL: bit3] RUN: Flag
This bit can be read only and if "1" is read it indicates that the RTC module is actively operating.
[WTCRL: bit2] Reserved bit
This bit is a reserved bit. Write always "0".
[WTCRL: bit1] Unused bit
[WTCRL: bit0] ST: Start bit
When the ST bit is set to "1", the watch timer loads second/minute/hour values from the registers and
starts its operation. When it is reset to "0", all the counters and the prescalers are reset to "0" and halts.
This bit can also be used for updating the counter values. Set ST bit to "0", wait for RUN to go to "0",
update the counter values and set ST bit to "1".
710
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
■ Sub-second Registers
Figure 24.3-2 Bit Configuration of Sub-second Registers
WTBR (Upper)
bit23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Address: 0004A5H
−
−
−
D20
D19
D18
D17
D16
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 0004A6H
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0004A7H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
WTBR (Middle)
WTBR (Lower)
−: Unused bit
[bit23 to bit21] Unused bits
[bit20 to bit0] D20 to D0
The sub-second register stores the reload value for the 21-bit prescaler. This value is reloaded after the
reload counter reaches "0". Note that when modifying all three bytes, make sure the reload operation
will not be performed in between the write instructions. Otherwise the 21-bit prescaler loads the
incorrect value of the combination of new data and old data bytes. It is generally recommended that the
sub-second registers are updated while the ST bit is "0". If the sub-second registers are set to "0", the
21-bit prescaler does not operate at all.
The clock supplied to RTC has the frequency which equals the 8 clock divider (MB91461) or the 2
clock divider (MB91F467R) of the oscillation. And the 2 divider of the RTC clock (= 16 divider) is the
counter clock of the 21-bit prescaler.
711
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
WTBR resister set value for generating 1 second is as follows.
Table 24.3-2 WTBR Resister Setting Value (MB91461)
Oscillation clock
(MHz)
Oscillation clock
cycle (ns)
21-bit prescaler
clock cycle (µs)
WTBR set value WTBR set value
(dec)
(hex)
9.00
111.11
1.78
281249
044AA1
10.00
100.00
1.60
312499
04C4B3
12.00
83.33
1.33
374999
05B8D7
14.00
71.43
1.14
437499
06ACFB
16.00
62.50
1.00
499999
07A11F
18.00
55.56
0.89
562499
089543
20.00
50.00
0.80
624999
098967
Table 24.3-3 WTBR Resister Setting Value (MB91F467R)
712
Oscillation clock
(MHz)
Oscillation clock
cycle (ns)
21-bit prescaler
clock cycle (µs)
4
250
0.5
WTBR set value WTBR set value
(dec)
(hex)
999999
0F423F
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
■ Hour/Minute/Second Register
Figure 24.3-3 Bit Configuration of Hour/Minute/Second Register
WTHR
bit31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
Address: 0004A8H
−
−
−
H4
H3
H2
H1
H0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Address: 0004A9H
−
−
M5
M4
M3
M2
M1
M0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
−
−
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
WTMR
WTSR
Address: 0004AAH
−: Unused bit
The hour/minute/second registers store the time information. It is a binary representation of the hour,
minute and second.
Reading these registers simply returns the counter values.
Since there are three byte-registers, make sure the obtained values from the registers are consistent. i.e.
Obtained value of "1 hour, 59 minute, 59 second" could be "0 hour, 59 minute, 59 second" or "1 hour, 0
minute, 0 second" or "2 hour, 0 minute, 0 second".
If reading is done at the moment of the counter overflow, it is possible to read wrong values. So reading
should be either triggered by an interrupt of the RTC or the following procedure should be followed:
1. Clear interrupt flags (INT) of the RTC module
2. Read registers
3. If flags are set after reading (time overflow occurred during reading), read again.
713
CHAPTER 24 REAL TIME CLOCK
714
CHAPTER 25
A/D CONVERTER
This chapter describes the overview, register
configuration and function, and operation of the A/D
converter.
25.1 Overview of A/D Converter
25.2 Block Diagram of A/D Converter
25.3 Registers of A/D Converter
25.4 Operation of A/D Converter
715
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.1
Overview of A/D Converter
This A/D converter converts analog input voltage to digital values.
This section describes the overview of the A/D converter.
● Feature of A/D converter
The A/D converter has the following features:
• Conversion time: 1.0 µs at minimum per channel
• The serial-parallel conversion method with a sample & hold circuit is used.
• 10-bit resolution (switching between 8 and 10 bits.)
• Analog input can be selected from 13 (MB91461) / 16 (MB91F467R) channels by software.
• Conversion mode
• Single conversion mode:
Scan conversion mode:
conversion of one selected channel.
continuous conversion of multiple channels, programmable for up to 13/
16 channels
Continuous conversion mode: Repeatedly convert the specified channels.
Stop conversion mode:
Convert one channel then temporarily halt until the next activation.
(Enables synchronization of the conversion start timing.)
• Interrupt request
At completion of A/D conversion, an interrupt request can be generated to the CPU.
• Selectable start factor
The start factor can be selected from software, external trigger (falling edge), and 16-bit reload timer
ch.7 (rising edge).
● Input impedance
The sampling circuit of the A/D converter is shown in the following equivalent circuit.
Figure 25.1-1 Input Impedance
Analog
Signal
source
Rext
ANx
Analog SW
Rext = Tsamp / (7 + Cin ) − Rin
716
Rin: max 1.9kΩ
(AVCC ≥ 2.7V)
Cin: max 14.7pF
A/D Converter
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.2
Block Diagram of A/D Converter
Figure 25.2-1 shows the block diagram of A/D converter.
■ Block Diagram of A/D Converter
Figure 25.2-1 Block Diagram of A/D Converter
AVRH/
AVCC AVRL AVSS
D/A converter
MPX
Sequential comparison register
Internal data bus
·····
AN12
AN13*
AN14*
AN15*
Input circuit
AN0
Comparator
Decoder
Sample &
hold circuit
Data register
A/D control register 0
A/D control register 1
ATGX pin
Operation clock
16-bit reload timer 7
CLKP
Prescaler
*: MB91F467R only
717
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.3
Registers of A/D Converter
This section describes the register configuration and function of the A/D converter.
■ Overview of A/D Converter Registers
The A/D converter has the following six types of registers.
• Analog input enable register (ADER)
• Control status register (ADCS1, ADCS0)
• Data register (ADCR)
• Conversion time set register (ADCT)
• Start channel set register (ADSCH)
• End channel set register (ADECH)
■ Registers
Figure 25.3-1 Bit Configuration of A/D Converter
ADERH (Lower)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 0001A1H
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADERL (Upper)
Address: 0001A2H ADE15* ADE14* ADE13* ADE12 ADE11 ADE10 ADE9
ADE8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADE6
ADE5
ADE4
ADE3
ADE2
ADE1
ADE0
ADERL (Lower)
Address: 0001A3H ADE7
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0001A4H BUSY
INT
INTE
PAUS
STS1
STS0
STRT reserved
ADCS1
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
*: MB91F467R only
(Continued)
718
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
(Continued)
ADCS0
bit7
Address: 0001A5H MD1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MD0
S10
ACH4
ACH3
ACH2
ACH1
ACH0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0001A6H
−
−
−
−
−
−
D9
D8
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 0001A7H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0001A8H
CT5
CT4
CT3
CT2
CT1
CT0
ST9
ST8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 0001A9H
ST7
ST6
ST5
ST4
ST3
ST2
ST1
ST0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
−
−
−
−
ANS3
ANS2
ANS1
ANS0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
ANE3
ANE2
ANE1
ANE0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
ADCR1
ADCR0
ADCT1
ADCT0
ADSCH
Address: 0001AAH
ADECH
Address: 0001ABH
719
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.3.1
Analog Input Enable Register (ADER)
The ADER bits correspond to the pins used for analog input. Always set these bits to "1".
■ A/D Enable Register (ADER)
Figure 25.3-2 Bit Configuration of A/D Enable Register (ADER)
ADERH (Lower)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 0001A1H
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADERL (Upper)
Address: 0001A2H ADE15* ADE14* ADE13* ADE12 ADE11 ADE10 ADE9
ADE8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADE6
ADE5
ADE4
ADE3
ADE2
ADE1
ADE0
ADERL (Lower)
Address: 0001A3H ADE7
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
*: MB91F467R only
[bit7 to bit0] Reserved bits
Reserved bits. Always set them to "0".
[bit15 to bit0] ADE15 to ADE0: A/D input enable (ADE15 to ADE13 are supported in MB91F467R
only)
Table 25.3-1 A/D Input Enable
ADE
Function
0
General-purpose port [Initial value]
1
Analog input
These bits are initialized to "00000000H" when reset.
Always set these bits to "1" for the start channel and end channel of this register.
720
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.3.2
A/D Control Status Register (ADCS)
The A/D control status register (ADCS) is used to control the A/D converter and to
indicate the status. Do not update the ADCS register during A/D converting.
■ A/D Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1)
Figure 25.3-3 Bit Configuration of A/D Control Status Register 1 (ADCS1)
ADCS1
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0001A4H BUSY
INT
INTE
PAUS
STS1
STS0
STRT reserved
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit7] BUSY: Busy flag and stop
Table 25.3-2 BUSY (Busy Flag and Stop)
BUSY
Function
Reading
A/D converter operation indication bit. Set on activation of A/D conversion and cleared
on completion of conversion for last channel.
Writing
Writing 0 to this bit during A/D conversion forcibly terminates conversion. Use to forcibly terminate in continuous and stop modes.
Bits for operation indication cannot be set to "1".
Read-modify-write (RMW) instructions read the bit as "1".
Cleared on the completion of A/D conversion for the last channel in single conversion mode.
In continuous and stop mode, the flag is not cleared until conversion is terminated by writing "0".
This bit is initialized to "0" by a reset.
Note:
Do not specify forcible termination and software activation (BUSY = 0 and STRT = 1) at the same
time.
721
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
[bit6] INT: Interrupt
This bit is set when conversion data is written in ADCR.
If bit5 (INTE) is "1" when this bit is set, an interrupt request is generated.
This bit is cleared by writing "0".
This bit is initialized to "0" by a reset.
If DMA is used, this bit is cleared when DMA transfer completes.
Note:
Only clear this bit by writing "0" when A/D conversion is halted.
[bit5] INTE: Interrupt enable
This bit enables or disables the conversion completion interrupt.
Table 25.3-3 INTE (Interrupt Enable)
INTE
Function
0
Disable interrupt [Initial value]
1
Enable interrupt
This bit is initialized to "0" by a reset.
[bit4] PAUS: A/D converter pause
This bit is set when A/D conversion temporarily halts.
The A/D converter has only one register to store the conversion result. Therefore the previous
conversion result is lost if it is not transferred by DMA when performing continuous conversion.
To avoid this problem, the next conversion data is not stored in the data register until the previous value
has been transferred by DMA. A/D conversion halts during this time. A/D conversion restarts when
DMA transfer completes.
This bit is only meaningful when using DMA.
- Cleared only by writing "0". (not cleared by DMA transfer completion.)
Unable to be cleared during waiting for DMA transferred.
- See the description of the conversion data protection function in the section "25.4 Operation of A/D
Converter".
- This bit is initialized to "0" when a reset.
722
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
[bit3, bit2] STS1 and STS0: A/D Start source select
These bits are initialized to "00B" when a reset.
Setting these bits selects the A/D start factor.
Table 25.3-4 STS1 and STS0 (A/D Start Source Select)
STS1
STS0
Function
0
0
Start by software [Initial value]
0
1
Start by external pin trigger or by software
1
0
Start by 16-bit reload timer or by software
1
1
Start by external pin trigger, by 16-bit reload timer or by software
In the mode in which two or more A/D conversion start factors are used, A/D conversion is started
using the A/D conversion start factor that occurs first.
The setting of the start source changes immediately after these bits are rewritten. Therefore it is
important to pay attention to rewriting during A/D converting.
- The external pin trigger detects a falling edge. If the external trigger is selected by writing these bits
when the external trigger input level is "L", the A/D may start.
- When 16-bit reload timer is selected, 16-bit reload timer 7 output is selected and a rising edge of the
16-bit reload timer output is detected. Refer to "CHAPTER 19 16-BIT RELOAD TIMER" for the
order of A/D setting and timer setting.
[bit1] STRT: Start
A/D converter is started by writing "1" to this bit (start by software).
Write "1" again to restart.
This bit is initialized to "0" by a reset.
Restart by setting this bit is ignored in the continuous mode or the stop mode. Check BUSY bit before
writing "1" (Clear BUSY bit before a restart).
Do not perform start by software and forced stop concurrently (STRT = 1, BUSY = 0).
[bit0] Reserved bit
Always set this bit to "0".
723
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
■ A/D Control Status Register 0 (ADCS0)
Figure 25.3-4 Bit Configuration of A/D Control Status Register 0 (ADCS0)
ADCS0
bit7
Address: 0001A5H MD1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MD0
S10
ACH4
ACH3
ACH2
ACH1
ACH0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit7, bit6] MD1, MD0: A/D converter mode set
MD1 and MD0 bits set the operation mode.
These bits are initialized to "00B" by a reset.
Table 25.3-5 MD1, MD0 (A/D Converter Mode Set)
MD1
MD0
Operation mode
0
0
Single mode: Disabled restart during operation [Initial value]
0
1
Single mode: Disabled restart during operation
1
0
Continuous mode: Disabled restart during operation
1
1
Stop mode: Disabled restart during operation
• Single mode
Continuous A/D conversion from selected channel(s) ANS4 to ANS0 to selected channel(s) ANE4 to
ANE0 with a pause after every conversion cycle.
• Continuous mode
Repeated A/D conversion cycles from selected channels ANS4 to ANS0 to selected channels ANE4
to ANE0.
• Stop mode
A/D conversion for each channel from selected channels ANS4 to ANS0 to selected channels ANE4
to ANE0, followed by a pause. Restart is determined by the occurrence of a start source.
• When A/D conversion is started in continuous mode or stop mode, conversion operation continued
until forcibly stopped by the BUSY bit.
• Conversion is forcibly stopped by writing "0" to the BUSY bit.
• Conversion after forcible stop starts from selected channel(s) ANS4 to ANS0.
• All restarts are disabled for any of the timer, external trigger and software start sources in single,
continuous and stop modes.
[bit5] S10
This bit selects the conversion resolution. When this bit is set to "0", 10-bit A/D conversion is selected,
otherwise, 8-bit A/D conversion is selected and ADCR0 stores the result.
This bit is initialized to "0" by a reset.
724
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
[bit4 to bit0] ACH4 to ACH0: Analog convert select channel
These bits represent the channel currently being A/D converted.
These bits are initialized to "00000B" by a reset.
Table 25.3-6 Conversion Channel
ACH4
ACH3
ACH2
ACH1
ACH0
Conversion channel
0
0
0
0
0
AN0
0
0
0
0
1
AN1
0
0
0
1
0
AN2
0
0
0
1
1
AN3
0
0
1
0
0
AN4
0
0
1
0
1
AN5
0
0
1
1
0
AN6
0
0
1
1
1
AN7
0
1
0
0
0
AN8
0
1
0
0
1
AN9
0
1
0
1
0
AN10
0
1
0
1
1
AN11
0
1
1
0
0
AN12
0
1
1
0
1
AN13*
0
1
1
1
0
AN14*
0
1
1
1
1
AN15*
*: MB91F467R only
Table 25.3-7 Function
ACH
Function
Reading
These bits represent the channel currently being converted during A/D conversion
(BUSY bit = 1) and represent the forcibly stopped channel when a forcibly stop occurs
with BUSY bit = 0.
Writing
Writing to these bits are ignored.
725
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.3.3
Data Register (ADCR1, ADCR0)
Data register (ADCR1, ADCR0) stores the digital value of the conversion result from the
A/D converter. ADCR0 stores the lower-order 8 bits and ADCR1 stores the higher-order
2 bits of the conversion result. The register value is updated at the completion of each
conversion. The register normally stores the result of the previous conversion.
■ Data Register (ADCR1, ADCR0)
Figure 25.3-5 Bit Configuration of Data Register (ADCR1, ADCR0)
ADCR1
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0001A6H
−
−
−
−
−
−
D9
D8
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(X)
(X)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 0001A7H
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Read/Write
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
(R)
Initial value
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
ADCR0
Bit15 to bit10 of ADCR1 are read as "000000B".
The A/D converter has a conversion data protection function. See the section "25.4 Operation of A/D
Converter".
726
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.3.4
Conversion Time Setting Register (ADCT)
A/D conversion time setting register (ADCT) controls the sampling period and the
comparison period of the analog input. The A/D conversion time is set by this ADCT
register.
Do not write to ADCT register during a A/D conversion operation.
■ Conversion Time Setting Register
Figure 25.3-6 Bit Configuration of Conversion Time Setting Register
ADCT1
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
CT5
CT4
CT3
CT2
CT1
CT0
ST9
ST8
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ST7
ST6
ST5
ST4
ST3
ST2
ST1
ST0
Read/Write
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(0)
(0)
(1)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
Address: 0001A8H
ADCT0
Address: 0001A9H
[bit15 to bit10] CT5 to CT0: A/D comparison time set
These bits specify the clock divider value of the comparison operation period.
Set CT5 to CT0 to "000001B" for no divider (=CLKP).
Do not set CT5 to CT0 to "000000B".
These bits are initialized to "000100B" by a reset.
Compare time = CT setting value × CLKP cycle × 10 + (4 × CLKP cycle)
Note:
Set CT5 to CT0 so that 660 ns or more of the compare time is obtained.
727
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
[bit9 to bit0] ST9 to ST0: A/D input sampling time set
These bits specify the sampling time of the analog input.
These bits are initialized to "0000101100B" by a reset.
Sampling time required for A/D conversion (required sampling time) is determined depending on Rext
value. Therefore set ST9 to ST0 so that the obtained time is same or longer than the required sampling
time.
• Calculating formula for required sampling time
Required sampling time (Tsamp) = (Rext + Rin) × Cin × 7
• Calculating formula for ST9 to ST0 setting value
ST9 to ST0 setting value ≥ Required sampling time (Tsamp) ÷ CLKP cycle
Example: CLKP = 18 MHz, AVCC ≥ 3.0 V, Rext = 15 kΩ
Tsamp = (15 × 103 + 1.9 × 103) × 14.7 × 10-12 × 7 = 1.74s
→ ST = 1.74 × 10-6 ÷ (1/18.0 × 106 ) = 31.3 → Set 32 ("0000100000B") or more.
Note:
0000000000B, 0000000001B and 0000000010B must not be set to ST9 to ST0.
Set Rext so that 400 ns or more of the sampling time is obtained.
■ Recommended Setting Value
To obtain the best conversion time, the following setting value is recommended.
Table 25.3-8 Recommended Setting Value
CLKP
(MHz)
Comparison time
(CT5 to CT0)
Sampling time
(ST9 to ST0)
ADCT
setting
value
Conversion time (µs)
9
000001B
0000001001B
0409H
1.56 + 1.00 = 2.56
18
000010B
0000010010B
0812H
1.33 + 1.00 = 2.33
(AVCC ≥ 3.0V, Rext ≤ 5.1 kΩ)
728
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.3.5
Start Channel Setting Register (ADSCH)
End Channel Setting Register (ADECH)
Registers for setting the start channel and the end channel of the A/D conversion.
Do not write to ADSCH or ADECH during A/D conversion.
■ Start Channel Setting Register (ADSCH) and End Channel Setting Register (ADECH)
Figure 25.3-7 Bit Configuration of Start Channel Setting Register (ADSCH)
and End Channel Setting Register (ADECH)
ADSCH
bit15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
−
−
−
−
ANS3
ANS2
ANS1
ANS0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
ANE3
ANE2
ANE1
ANE0
Read/Write
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
(R/W)
Initial value
(−)
(−)
(−)
(−)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Address: 0001AAH
ADECH
Address: 0001ABH
These bits specify the start channel and the end channel of the A/D conversion.
When the same channel is written to ANS4 to ANS0 and ANE4 to ANE0, the conversion is performed for
only one channel (single channel conversion).
In a continuous mode or a stop mode, after the conversion of the channel set by these bits are completed,
return to the start channel set by ANS4 to ANS0 is performed.
Note:
Set the start channel and the end channel so that always ANS is same or smaller than ANE.
If ANS is larger than ANE, correct operation is not assured.
729
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
[bit12 to bit8] ANS4 to ANS0 (A/D start channel set)
[bit4 to bit0] ANE4 to ANE0 (A/D end channel set)
Table 25.3-9 Start/end Channel
ANS4
ANE4
ANS3
ANE3
ANS2
ANE2
ANS1
ANE1
ANS0
ANE0
Start/end channel
0
0
0
0
0
AN0
0
0
0
0
1
AN1
0
0
0
1
0
AN2
0
0
0
1
1
AN3
0
0
1
0
0
AN4
0
0
1
0
1
AN5
0
0
1
1
0
AN6
0
0
1
1
1
AN7
0
1
0
0
0
AN8
0
1
0
0
1
AN9
0
1
0
1
0
AN10
0
1
0
1
1
AN11
0
1
1
0
0
AN12
0
1
1
0
1
AN13*
0
1
1
1
0
AN14*
0
1
1
1
1
AN15*
1
x
x
x
x
Setting disabled
*: MB91F467R only
Note:
Please do not set the A/D start channel setting by the read-modify-write (RMW) instruction after
setting the start channel to the A/D start channel setting (ANS4, ANS3, ANS2, ANS1, ANS0).
The last conversion channel is read from the ANS4, ANS3, ANS2, ANS1, and ANS0 bits until the A/
D conversion operating starts.
Therefore, when ANE4, ANE3, ANE2, ANE1, and ANE0 bits are set by the read-modify-write (RMW)
instruction after setting the start channel to ANS4, ANS3, ANS2, ANS1, and ANS0 bits, the value of
the ANE4, ANE3, ANE2, ANE1, and ANE0 bits may be overwritten.
730
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
25.4
Operation of A/D Converter
The A/D converter operates using the successive approximation method with 10-bit or
8-bit selectable resolution. This section describes the operation mode of the A/D
converter.
■ A/D Conversion Data
The conversion data register (ADCR0 and ADCR1) is rewritten at each completion of the conversion
because this A/D converter has only one register (16-bit) for storing the conversion result. Therefore the
alone A/D converter is not suitable for a continuous conversion. It is recommended to transfer the
conversion data to the memory using DMA during conversion.
■ Single Mode
In single mode, the analog input signals selected by the ANS bits and ANE bits are converted in order until
the completion of conversion on the end channel determined by the ANE bits. A/D conversion then ends. If
the start channel and end channel are the same (ANS = ANE), only a single channel conversion is
performed.
Examples:
• ANS = 00000B, ANE = 00011B
Start ⇒ AN0 ⇒ AN1 ⇒ AN2 ⇒ AN3 ⇒ (End)
• ANS = 00010B, ANE = 00010B
Start ⇒ AN2 ⇒ (End)
■ Continuous Mode
In continuous mode, the analog input signals selected by the ANS bits and ANE bits are converted in order
until the completion of conversion on the end channel determined by the ANE bits, then the converter
returns to the ANS channel for analog input and repeats the process continuously. When the start and end
channels are the same (ANS = ANE), conversion is performed continuously for a single channel.
Examples:
• ANS = 00000B, ANE = 00011B
Start ⇒ AN0 ⇒ AN1 ⇒ AN2 ⇒ AN3 ⇒ AN0 ⇒ AN1 (repeat)
• ANS = 00010B, ANE = 00010B
Start ⇒ AN2 ⇒ AN2 ⇒ AN2 (repeat)
In continuous mode, conversion is repeated until "0" is written to the BUSY bit. (Writing "0" to the BUSY
bit forcibly stops the conversion operation.) Note that forcibly terminating operation halts the current
conversion during mid-conversion. (If operation is forcibly terminated, the value in the conversion register
is the result of the most recently completed conversion.)
731
CHAPTER 25 A/D CONVERTER
■ Stop Mode
In stop mode, the analog input signals selected by the ANS bits and ANE bits are converted in order, but
conversion operation pauses for each channel. The pause is released by applying another start signal.
At the completion of conversion on the end channel determined by the ANE bits, the converter returns to
the ANS channel for analog input signal and repeats the conversion process continuously. When the start
and end channels are the same (ANS = ANE), only a single channel conversion is performed.
Examples:
• ANS = 00000B, ANE = 00011B
Start ⇒ AN0⇒ stop ⇒ start ⇒ AN1 ⇒ stop ⇒ start ⇒ AN2 ⇒ stop ⇒ start ⇒
AN3 ⇒ stop ⇒ start ⇒ AN0 ⇒ stop ⇒ start ⇒ AN1 (repeat)
• ANS = 00010B, ANE = 00010B
Start ⇒ AN2 ⇒ stop ⇒ start ⇒ AN2 ⇒ stop ⇒ start ⇒ AN2 (repeat)
In stop mode, the startup source is only the source determined by the STS1, STS0 bits.
This mode enables synchronization of the conversion start signal.
732
CHAPTER 26
SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION
UNIT
This section explains the sub clock calibration unit
installed in MB91F467RA and MB91F467RB.
26.1 Overview
26.2 Clock
26.3 Explanation of the Registers
26.4 Notes on Using Sub Clock Calibration Unit
733
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
26.1
Overview
The clock calibration module can calibrate a 32 kHz oscillation clock or 100 kHz CR
oscillation clock using a 4 MHz oscillation clock. This chapter describes the overview
and registers of the calibration unit, and notes on using the unit.
This function is not installed on MB91461.
■ Description
Using MB91467R, the time generated by a 32 kHz clock (or 100 kHz CR clock) can be measured with a 4
MHz clock.
Using this hardware with software processing, the accuracy of a 32 kHz clock (or 100 kHz CR clock) can
be brought close to the accuracy of a 4 MHz clock. The results of the clock calibration module
measurement can be processed by software to obtain the settings required for the real time clock module.
In this module, 2 types of timers are provided for operating with a 32 kHz clock (or a 100 kHz CR clock)
and a 4 MHz clock. The 4 MHz timer is activated by the 32 kHz (100 kHz) timer and the result value of the
4 MHz timer is stored in the register. The value stored in the register is used in software processing that
follows to calculate the necessary settings for the real time clock module.
734
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
■ Block Diagram
Figure 26.1-1 Block Diagram of Calibration Unit
UC18CLK
OSC4
CLK4G
CLK4G = OSC4 | ~STRT | (READY & ~RUNS);
Gate
STRT
READY
RUNS
OSC32
Gate
STRT
CLKPG
CLKP
Gate
32kHz
Timer
CLK32G
RSLEEPB
CLKPG2 CUTD
Gate
UC18TRD
CUTR
Counter (24 bits)
sync
STRTS
RSLEEPB
STRT
4MHz
Timer
RUN
RUN
async
RST
32
RUNS
CUTR (24 bits)
4
UC18TRR
&
CLKPG2 = CLKP | (~STRT & RSLEEPB);
READY
READY
STRT
sync
CLKP 32
async
RST
STRT
reset
STRT
STRT
RB
READY
set/reset
&
INTEN
RBB
RB
RUNSS1
RUNSS
set/reset
4
sync
CLKP
RSLEEPB
RSLEEP
INT
RMWB
RMW
set
READYPULSE
reset
UC18BUS
CUCR (3 bits)
INT_I
INT
&
INT_INT
CUTR (24 bits)
*_RDB
*_RD
*_WRB
*_WR
CUTD
RSTB
RST
UC18IO
CUTD (16 bits)
UC18RBI
FC18
735
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
■ Timing
Figure 26.1-2 Timing of Measurement Processing
32 kHz
STRT (CLKP)
STRTS (32 kHz)
RUN (32 kHz)
RUNS
(4 MHz)
32kHz counter (16 bits)
4MHz counter (24 bits)
Old CUTR
READY (32 kHz)
(16 bits)
READYPULSE (CLKP)
INT (CLKP)
736
CUTD-1
CUTD
0
2
1
0
CUTD
New CUTR
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
26.2
Clock
The modules operate with 3 types of clocks - 4 MHz clock OSC4, 32 kHz clock OSC32
(100 kHz clock OSC100), and peripheral clock CLKP. These are synchronized to operate
for different domains.
Clock frequency must meet the following requirements.
■ Clock Ratio
TOSC32/OSC100 > 2 × TOSC4 + 3 × TCLKP
TOSC4 < 1/2 × TOSC32/OSC100 - 3/2 × TCLKP
TCLKP < 1/3 × TOSC32/OSC100 - 2/3 × TOSC4
■ Input Frequency
Input Frequency must not Exceed the Value Given in Table 26.4-1 .
Table 26.2-1 Maximum Operating Frequency
Maximum
OSC32/OSC100
OSC4
CLKP
2MHz
10MHz
50MHz
Table 26.2-2 Example of Valid Clock Ratio Meeting Requirements 1 and 2
OSC32
OSC100
OSC4
Maximum operating speed
2MHz
2MHz
10MHz
Normal operation
32kHz
100kHz
4MHz
737
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
26.3
Explanation of the Registers
This section shows the calibration unit registers and describes the details of the
functions of each register.
■ Calibration Unit Control Register (CUCR)
bit
Control register (lower bytes)
Address: 0004BDH
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
4
3
2
-
-
-
STRT
-
-
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
1
0
INT INTEN
CUCRL
(R) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
■ 32 kHz/100 kHz Timer Data Register (CUTD)
32/100 kHz timer register (upper bytes) bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
TDD15TDD14 TDD13 TDD12 TDD11TDD10 TDD9 TDD8
Address: 0004B2H
Read/Write→
Initial value →
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
32/100 kHz timer register (lower bytes) bit 7
Address: 0004B3H
TDD7 TDD6 TDD5 TDD4 TDD3 TDD2 TDD1 TDD0
Read/Write →
Initial value →
738
CUTDH
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
CUTDL
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
■ 4MHz Timer Data Register (CUTR1/CUTR2)
4 MHz timer register 1 (upper bytes)
bit 15
Address: 0004B4H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
4 MHz timer register 1 (lower bytes) bit 7
Address: 0004B5H
TDR23 TDR22 TDR21TDR20 TDR19 TDR18 TDR17 TDR16
Read/Write →
Initial value →
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4 MHz timer register 2 (upper bytes) bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
TDR15 TDR14 TDR13 TDR12 TDR11TDR10 TDR9 TDR8
Address: 0004B6H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
4 MHz timer register 2 (lower bytes)
Address: 0004B7H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
(R)
(0)
bit 7
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TDR7 TDR6 TDR5 TDR4 TDR3 TDR2 TDR1 TDR0
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CUTR1H
CUTR1L
CUTR2H
CUTR2L
(R)
(0)
739
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
26.3.1
Calibration Unit Control Register (CUCR)
The control register (CUCR) has the following functions.
• Starting and stopping of calibration measurement
• Enabling and disabling of interrupts
• Displaying the end of calibration measurement
bit
Control register (lower bytes)
Address: 0004B1H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
4
3
2
-
-
-
STRT
-
-
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R/W)
(0)
1
0
INT INTEN
CUCRL
(R) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
[bit4] STRT: Calibration start
0
Stop of calibration, switching to module off (Initial value)
1
Start of calibration
When the START bit is set to "1" by software, a calibration starts. The 32 kHz/100 kHz timer starts a
count down from the value stored in the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer data register and the 4 MHz timer starts
a count up from zero.
When the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer reaches to zero, the STRT bit is reset to "0" by hardware.
If "0" is written to this bit by software during a calibration processing, the calibration stops
immediately. If "0" is written by software and reset for the "0" is done by hardware simultaneously, the
software operation has priority over the hardware operation. This means that the INT bit is set to "1"
after a calibration ends normally. Writing "1" to this bit during a calibration has no effect.
[bit1] INT: Interrupt
0
During calibration execution/module inactivate (Initial value)
1
Calibration completed
This bit shows the end of a calibration. When the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer reaches to zero after a
calibration start, the 4 MHz timer data register stores the last 4 MHz timer value and sets the INT bit to
"1".
A reading-modifying-writing operation for this bit reads "1" and the flag is cleared (INT=0) by writing
"0" to this bit. Writing "1" to this bit does not affect the operation.
The interrupt flag INT cannot be reset by hardware. Therefore, reset it by software before starting a new
calibration. Without this reset, the end of a calibration processing can be converted to signals only by
the STRT bit (the INT flag remains 1 during calibration).
740
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
[bit0] INTEN: Interrupt enable
0
Disables interrupts (Initial value)
1
Enables interrupts
This bit is the interrupt enable bit corresponding to the INT bit. When this bit is set to 1 and the INIT bit
is set by hardware, the calibration module sends the interrupt to CPU. Even if the interrupt is being
disabled (INTEN=0), the INT bit itself is set by hardware without the effect from the INTEN bit.
741
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
26.3.2
32 kHz/100 kHz Timer Data Register (16-bit) (CUTD)
This section describes the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer data register.
The 32 kHz/100 kHz timer data register (CUTD) retains the value (32 kHz/100 kHz reload value) that sets
the time required for a calibration.
Figure 26.3-1
32/100 kHz timer register (upper bytes) bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
TDD15TDD14 TDD13 TDD12 TDD11TDD10 TDD9 TDD8
Address: 0004B2H
CUTDH
Read/Write → (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Initial value →
32/100 kHz timer register (lower bytes)
bit
Address: 0004B3H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TDD7 TDD6 TDD5 TDD4 TDD3 TDD2 TDD1 TDD0
CUTDL
(R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W) (R/W)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
If a 32.768 kHz crystal is used, the default value corresponding to the measurement time for 1 second is
8000H.
This register is written only if a calibration is inactive (STRT=0).
The value specifying the time required for a calibration is stored in the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer register.
When a calibration starts, this stored value is loaded into the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer and a count down is
performed until the timer reaches to zero.
Initializing CUTD by 0000 causes an underflow and the measurement becomes (FFFF hex + 1) × Tosc32 ×
Tosc100.
The 32 kHz/100 kHz timer operates with a 32 kHz or 100 kHz oscillation clock.
To obtain the measurement time for 1 second using a 32 kHz oscillator, the CUTD register must be loaded
with 8000H = 32768 dec. This number is derived from a precise crystal oscillation frequency Fosc32768 Hz.
Theoretical values for the measurement results (when 4.00 MHz crystal is used) are shown in the table
below.
To obtain the measurement time for 1 second using a 100 kHz oscillator, the CUTD register must be loaded
with C350H = 50000 dec. This number is derived from a precise crystal oscillation frequency Fosc =
100000 Hz. Theoretical values for the measurement results (when 4.00 MHz crystal is used) are shown in
the table below.
742
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
Table 26.3-1 32 kHz: Theoretical Value of Measurement Result for Each Measurement
Time
Time required for calibration
CUTD value
CUTR value
2s
0000H
7A1200H
1.75 s
E000H
6ACFC0H
1.5 s
C000H
5B8D80H
1.25 s
A000H
4C4B40H
1s
8000H
3D0900H
0.75 s
6000H
2DC6C0H
0.5 s
4000H
1E8480H
0.25 s
2000H
0F4240H
The time required for the overall processes from when "1" is written to the STRT bit and until when the
STRT is reset by hardware takes longer than the actual calibration measurement time due to
synchronizations between various clock domains. Processing time < (CUTD + 3) x Tosc32
Calibration measurement time is CUTD x Tosc32
Table 26.3-2 100 kHz: Theoretical Value of Measurement Result for Each Measurement
Time
Time required for calibration
CUTD value
CUTR value
0.5 s
C350H
1E8480H
0.25 s
61A8H
0F4240H
0.125 s
30D4H
07A120H
0.1 s
2710H
061A80H
The time required for the overall processes from when "1" is written to the STRT bit and until when the
STRT is reset by hardware takes longer than the actual calibration measurement time due to
synchronizations between various clock domains. Processing time < (CUTD + 3) x Tosc100
Calibration measurement time is CUTD x Tosc100
743
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
26.3.3
4MHz Timer Data Register (24bit) (CUTR)
The timer data register (CUTR) retains the value of a calibration result. (4 MHz counter).
Note:
The value read from this register is a random value during a calibration.
The end of a calibration is shown by the INT bit and the STRT bit in the CUCR register.
The CUTR value is enabled if INT is changed from "0" to "1" and STRT is changed from "1" to "0".
Figure 26.3-2
4 MHz timer register 1 (upper bytes)
bit 15
Address: 0004B4H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
4 MHz timer register 1 (lower bytes) bit 7
Address: 0004B5H
TDR23 TDR22 TDR21 TDR20 TDR19 TDR18 TDR17 TDR16
Read/Write →
Initial value →
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
4 MHz timer register 2 (upper bytes) bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Address: 0004B6H
Read/Write →
Initial value →
TDR15 TDR14 TDR13 TDR12 TDR11 TDR10 TDR9 TDR8
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
(0)
CUTR1L
CUTR2H
(R)
(0)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
4 MHz timer register 2 (lower bytes) bit 7
Address: 0004B7H
TDR7 TDR6 TDR5 TDR4 TDR3 TDR2 TDR1 TDR0
Read/Write →
Initial value →
CUTR1H
CUTR2L
(R)
(0)
The result of a calibration is stored in the 4 MHz timer data register. When a calibration starts, the 4 MHz
timer starts a count up from zero. When the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer reaches to zero, the 4 MHz timer stops
counting until the next calibration is started by software and the register retains the calibration result.
The value read from this register is a random value during a calibration.
The end of a calibration is shown by the INT bit and the START bit in the CUCR register. The CUTR
value is enabled if these bits are changed from "0" to "1" and from "1" to "0" respectively.
Writing to this register by software has no effect.
The 4 MHz timer operates with a 4 MHz oscillation clock.
744
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
26.4
Notes on Using Sub Clock Calibration Unit
This section describes the cautions regarding the calibration accuracy, power loss, and
measurement time.
■ 32 kHz
The 32 kHz timer register setting can be calculated as follows.
If the time required for a calibration is 1 second, the 32 kHz timer data register must be set to 8000H =
32768, indicating 32,768 pulses of a 32.768 kHz oscillation clock.
This setting becomes the stored value of 3D0900H for the 4 MHz timer data register. This value indicates
4,000,000 pulses of a 4 MHz oscillator.
■ 100 kHz
The 100 kHz timer register setting can be calculated as follows.
If the time required for a calibration is 0.5 second, the 100 kHz timer data register must be set to C350H =
50000, indicating 50,000 pulses of a 100 kHz oscillation clock.
This setting becomes the stored value of 1E8480H for the 4 MHz timer data register. This value indicates
2,000,000 pulses of a 4MHz oscillator.
Table 26.4-1 Theoretical Measurement Results of 32.768 kHz and 4.0 MHz Oscillators
(CUTR)
Time required for calibration
CUTD value
CUTR value
2s
0000H
7A1200H
1.75 s
E000H
6ACFC0H
1.5 s
C000H
5B8D80H
1.25 s
A000H
4C4B40H
1s
8000H
3D0900H
0.75 s
6000H
2DC6C0H
0.5 s
4000H
1E8480H
0.25 s
2000H
0F4240H
The important factors for using the calibration module are power loss and calibration accuracy.
745
CHAPTER 26 SUB CLOCK CALIBRATION UNIT
Table 26.4-2 Theoretical Measurement Results of 100 kHz and 4.0 MHz Oscillators (CUTR)
Time required for calibration
CUTD value
CUTR value
0.5 s
C350H
1E8480H
0.25 s
61A8H
0F4240H
0.125 s
30D4H
07A120H
0.1 s
2710H
061A80H
The important factors for using the calibration module are power loss and calibration accuracy.
■ Accuracy:
The accuracy of a calibration differs depending on the clock frequency used by the 4 MHz timer and the
time required for the calibration. The maximum error of the 4 MHz timer is +/-1 digit. When the clock
frequency is 4 MHz and the time required for a calibration is 1 second, the attained accuracy can be
calculated as follows.
0.25 us (clock cycle time)/1 second (time require) = 0.25 ppm
Normally, the calculation is performed as follows.
Accuracy = (Clock cycle time of 4 MHz timer)/(Time required for calibration)
■ Power Loss:
Assume that the dissipation IRUN in the execution mode at this moment is 20 times of the dissipation IRTC
in the RTC mode (IRUN=20 × IRTC).
If MCU is generated by software from the RTC mode to perform a calibration measurement per minute and
the time required for a calibration is set to 1 second, the increase of the power loss is 20 × IRTC/60= 1/3 ×
IRTC.
For this reason, it is necessary to prevent the effect of an increase of a power loss on the hardware
limitation by the system requirement using software. For example, design the software to perform
calibrations at the minimum occurrence frequency.
Generally, it is recommended to keep a logical increase of a power loss below 5% in the RTC mode of
MCU.
■ Measurement Limit:
If the 32 kHz/100 kHz timer operates with a 32 kHz clock, the limitation of the time required for a
calibration is about 2 seconds (or 0.5 seconds with a 100 kHz clock). Meanwhile, if the 4 MHz timer
operates with a 4 MHz clock, it can measure for up to 4 seconds.
746
CHAPTER 27
FLASH MEMOEY
This chapter describes the use of the built-in flash
memory.
27.1 Overview
27.2 Access Modes
27.3 Auto Program Algorithm
27.4 Notes on Using Flash Memory
747
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.1
Overview
This section describes the overview of the flash memory.
The MB91F467R has built-in Flash memory with a capacity of 1024 Kbytes + 64 Kbytes, capability of
batch-erasing all sectors or erasing on the sector level via single +3.3V power supply, and writing by the
FR-CPU at the half-word (16-bit) and word (32-bit) level.
■ Features of Flash Memory
• Capacity: 1024 Kbytes + 64 Kbytes
• Power: 1.8V / +3.3 supply
• Basic specification: Same as MBM29LV400TC (except size and part of sector configuration)
• Additional specifications: Faster device operation by enabling commands/data reads at D-word (64-bit)
level.
• External writers: Interface for Parallel Flash Programmer available.
• Operation modes:
(1) 64-bit CPU mode:
CPU reads and executes programs in word (32-bit) length units.
Flash writing is not possible.
Actual Flash Memory access is performed in d-word (64-bit) length units.
(2) 32-bit CPU mode:
CPU reads, writes and executes programs in word (32-bit) length units.
Actual Flash Memory access is performed in word (32-bit) length units.
(3) 16-bit CPU mode:
CPU reads and writes in half-word (16-bit) length units.
Program execution from the Flash is not possible.
Actual Flash Memory access is performed in word (16-bit) length units.
(4) Flash memory mode (external access to Flash memory enabled)
• Features (Through combination of Flash memory macro and FR-CPU interface circuit):
- Functions as CPU program/data storage memory.
- Enables access to 32-bit bus width.
- Enables read/write/erase by CPU (auto program algorithm*).
- Functions equivalent to MBM29LV400TC stand-alone Flash-memory product.
- Enables read/write/erase by parallel Flash programmer (auto program algorithm*).
*: Auto program algorithm = Embedded AlgorithmTM
748
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
■ Configuration of Flash Memory
Figure 27.1-1 Block Diagram
CPU
CPU core
FLASH interface
FLASH memory
Control signal
Control signal
Control signal
Address A0 to A20
A0 to A20
Data
DQ0 to DQ63
DQ0 to DQ63
Control
signal
Address
Data
Interface
with
FLASH
writer
(when in
FLASH
mode)
749
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
■ Configuration in CPU Mode
Table 27.1-1 Address Map (Sector Addresses, When Accessing from FR-CPU)
Sector address
Address range (in increments of 8)
Corresponding bit
position
Sector
capacity
SA7
0014C004H to 0014FFFCH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA6
0014C000H to 0014FFF8H
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA5
00148004H to 0014BFFCH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA4
00148000H to 0014BFF8H
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA3
00144004H to 00147FFCH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA2
00144000H to 00147FF8H
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA1
00140004H to 00143FFCH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA0
00140000H to 00143FF8H
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA23
00120004H to 0013FFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA22
00120000H to 0013FFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA21
00100004H to 0011FFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA20
00100000H to 0011FFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA19
000E0004H to 000FFFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA18
000E0000H to 000FFFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA17
000C0004H to 000DFFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA16
000C0000H to 000DFFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA15
000A0004H to 000BFFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA14
000A0000H to 000BFFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA13
00080004H to 0009FFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA12
00080000H to 0009FFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA11
00060004H to 0007FFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA10
00060000H to 0007FFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA9
00040004H to 0005FFFCH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA8
00040000H to 0005FFF8H
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
Flash memory's address mapping is different depending on whether it is being accessed from the FR-CPU
or parallel Flash programmer. Refer to "■ Address Conversion from CPU Mode to Flash Programming
Mode".
750
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
Figure 27.1-2 Address Map (When Accessing from FR-CPU)
CPU mode
address
0014FFFFH
0014C000H
0014BFFFH
00148000H
00147FFFH
00144000H
00143FFFH
00140000H
0013FFFFH
00120000H
0011FFFFH
00100000H
000FFFFFH
000E0000H
000DFFFFH
000C0000H
000BFFFFH
000A0000H
0009FFFFH
00080000H
0007FFFFH
00060000H
0005FFFFH
00040000H
addr+0
16-bit write mode
32-bit write mode
SA6 (8 Kbytes)
SA7 (8 Kbytes)
SA4 (8 Kbytes)
SA5 (8 Kbytes)
SA2 (8 Kbytes)
SA3 (8 Kbytes)
SA0 (8 Kbytes)
SA1 (8 Kbytes)
SA22 (64 Kbytes)
SA23 (64 Kbytes)
SA20 (64 Kbytes)
SA21 (64 Kbytes)
SA18 (64 Kbytes)
SA19 (64 Kbytes)
SA16 (64 Kbytes)
SA17 (64 Kbytes)
SA14 (64 Kbytes)
SA15 (64 Kbytes)
SA12 (64 Kbytes)
SA13 (64 Kbytes)
SA10 (64 Kbytes)
SA11 (64 Kbytes)
SA8 (64 Kbytes)
SA9 (64 Kbytes)
addr+1
addr+2
dat[31:16]
addr+3
dat[15:0]
dat[31:0]
addr+4
addr+5
addr+6
dat[31:16]
addr+7
dat[15:0]
dat[31:0]
751
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
■ Configuration in Flash Memory Mode
Table 27.1-2 Sector Addresses (When Accessing from Parallel Flash Programmer)
Sector address
Address range FA[20:0]
Corresponding bit
position
Sector
capacity
SA23
1F0000H to 1FFFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA22
1E0000H to 1EFFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA21
1D0000H to 1DFFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA20
1C0000H to 1CFFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA19
1B0000H to 1BFFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA18
1A0000H to 1AFFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA17
190000H to 19FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA16
180000H to 18FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA15
170000H to 17FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA14
160000H to 16FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA13
150000H to 15FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA12
140000H to 14FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA11
130000H to 13FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA10
120000H to 12FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA9
110000H to 11FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA8
100000H to 10FFFFH
bit31 to bit0
64 Kbytes
SA7
0FE000H to 0FFFFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA6
0FC000H to 0FDFFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA5
0FA000H to 0FBFFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA4
0F8000H to 0F9FFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA3
0F6000H to 0F7FFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA2
0F4000H to 0F5FFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA1
0F2000H to 0F3FFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
SA0
0F0000H to 0F1FFFH
bit31 to bit0
8 Kbytes
Flash memory's address mapping is different depending on whether it is being accessed from the FR-CPU
or parallel Flash programmer. Refer to "■ Address Conversion from CPU Mode to Flash Programming
Mode".
752
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
Figure 27.1-3 Address Map (When Accessing from Parallel Flash Programmer)
Flash program mode
Address (FA)[20:0]
1FFFFFH
SA23 (64 Kbytes)
1FC000H
1EBFFFH
SA22 (64 Kbytes)
1E8000H
1D7FFFH
SA21 (64 Kbytes)
1D4000H
1C3FFFH
SA20 (64 Kbytes)
1C0000H
1BFFFFH
SA19 (64 Kbytes)
1B0000H
1AFFFFH
SA18 (64 Kbytes)
1A0000H
19FFFFH
SA17 (64 Kbytes)
190000H
18FFFFH
SA16 (64 Kbytes)
180000H
17FFFFH
SA15 (64 Kbytes)
170000H
16FFFFH
SA14 (64 Kbytes)
160000H
15FFFFH
SA13 (64 Kbytes)
150000H
14FFFFH
SA12 (64 Kbytes)
140000H
13FFFFH
SA11 (64 Kbytes)
13C000H
12FFFFH
SA10 (64 Kbytes)
128000H
11FFFFH
SA9 (64 Kbytes)
114000H
10FFFFH
SA8 (64 Kbytes)
100000H
0FFFFFH
SA7 (64 Kbytes)
0FE000H
0FDFFFH
SA6 (64 Kbytes)
0FC000H
0FBFFFH
SA5 (64 Kbytes)
0FA000H
0F9FFFH
SA4 (64 Kbytes)
0F8000H
0F7FFFH
SA3 (64 Kbytes)
0F6000H
0F5FFFH
SA2 (64 Kbytes)
0F4000H
0F3FFFH
SA1 (64 Kbytes)
0F2000H
0F1FFFH
SA0 (64 Kbytes)
0F0000H
16-bit write mode
8-bit write mode
FA[1:0]=0x
FA[1:0]=1x
DQ[15:0]
DQ[15:0]
FA[1:0]=00 FA[1:0]=01 FA[1:0]=10 FA[1:0]=11
DQ[7:0]
DQ[7:0]
DQ[7:0]
DQ[7:0]
753
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
■ Address Conversion from CPU Mode to Flash Programming Mode
Use the following equations to calculate a Flash programming mode address (FA) from a CPU mode
address (addr).
SA0, SA2, SA4, SA6 (140000H ≤ addr ≤ 14FFFFH; addr[2]=0):
FA = addr - addr%004000H + (addr%004000H)/2 - (addr/2)%4 + addr%4 - 050000H
SA1, SA3, SA5, SA7 (140000H ≤ addr ≤ 14FFFFH; addr[2]=1):
FA = addr - addr%004000H + (addr%004000H)/2 - (addr/2)%4 + addr%4 - 04E000H
SA8, SA10, SA12, SA14, SA16, SA18, SA20, SA22 (040000H ≤ addr ≤ 13FFFFH; addr[2]=0):
FA = addr - addr%020000H + (addr%020000H)/2 - (addr/2)%4 + addr%4 + 0C0000H
SA9, SA11, SA13, SA15, SA17, SA19, SA21, SA23 (040000H ≤ addr ≤ 13FFFFH; addr[2]=1):
FA = addr - addr%020000H + (addr%020000H)/2 - (addr/2)%4 + addr%4 + 0D0000H
754
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.2
Access Modes
This section describes the Flash memory access modes.
755
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.2.1
Access from the FR-CPU
This section describes three types of access mode from FR-CPU.
The following three types of access mode are available:
■ 64-bit CPU Mode (Read/Execute)
This mode does not allow data erase/write. Data can only be accessed by the CPU in lengths of words (32
bits) but is actually read from the Flash Memory in lengths of d-words (64 bits).
Programs can be executed in Flash memory while this mode is enabled.
• Specification of mode
Do not set this mode from a program on the FLASH.
Set this mode from a program placed on the RAM.
• Description of operation
When reading or executing code from the Flash memory area, data is read by the CPU in word (32-bit)
length units but is actually read from memory in D-word (64-bit) length units.
Running Auto Algorithms is not possible.
■ 32-bit CPU Mode (Read/Write/Execute)
This mode allows data erase/write. Data can only be accessed in lengths of words (32 bits).
Programs cannot be executed in Flash memory while the Flash is being written/erased.
• Specification of mode
Use a program on the RAM to switch to this mode. (The mode is set to this mode after reset.)
• Description of operation
When reading or executing code from the Flash memory area, data is read from memory in word (32bit) length units.
Auto Algorithms can be run by writing commands to Flash memory. It is possible to erase/write to Flash
memory by running an Auto Algorithm. See "27.3 Auto Program Algorithm" for details about Auto
Algorithms.
756
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
■ 16-bit CPU Mode (Read/Write)
This mode allows data erase/write. Data can only be accessed in lengths of half-words (16 bits).
Programs cannot be executed in Flash memory while this mode is enabled.
• Specification of mode
Use a program on the RAM to switch to this mode.
• Description of operation
When reading from the Flash memory area, data is read from memory in half-word (16-bit) length units.
Auto Algorithms can be run by writing commands to Flash memory. It is possible to erase/write the
Flash memory by running an Auto Algorithm. See "27.3 Auto Program Algorithm" for details about
Auto Algorithms.
757
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.2.2
Flash Memory Mode
This section describes the use of the flash memory mode.
Resetting after setting the MD3, MD2, MD1, and MD0 pins to "0", "1", "1", and "1" will halt CPU
functioning. At this time, the Flash memory's interface circuit functions to enable direct control of the Flash
memory unit from external pins, by directly linking some of the signals of ports 2 through 27 to the Flash
memory unit's control signal. In this mode, the Flash memory appears to the external pins as a stand-alone
unit. This mode is generally set when
writing/erasing using the parallel Flash programmer. In this mode, all operations of the Flash memory's
Auto Algorithms are available.
Table 27.2-1 Correspondence between MBM29LV400TC and Flash Memory Control Signal
MB91F467R external pins
MBM29LV400TC
External pins
FR-CPU mode
-
Flash memory mode
Normal function
Pin number
INIT
-
INITX
131
RESET
-
FRSTX
P13_2
10
-
-
MD3
MD3
127
-
-
MD2
MD2
128
-
-
MD1
MD1
129
-
-
MD0
MD0
130
RY/BY
FMCS:RDY bit
RY/BY
P09_4
15
BYTE
Internally fixed to "H"
BYTEX
P13_1
9
WEX
P09_3
16
OEX
P09_2
17
CEX
P09_1
18
A-1, A0 to A2
FA0 to FA3
P17_4 to P17_7
93 to 96
A3 to A13
FA4 to FA14
P29_0 to P29_7
P28_0 to P28_2
98 to 108
A14 to A18
FA15 to FA19
P28_3 to P28_7
109 to 113
A19, A20
FA20, FA21
P22_4, P22_5
117, 118
D0 to D15
P10_0 to P10_6
P08_0 to P08_1
P08_4 to P08_7
P11_1 to P11_0
P09_0
35 to 29
27 to 19
WE
OE
CE
DQ0 to DQ15
758
Internal control signal
+ control via interface
circuit
Internal address bus
Internal data bus
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.3
Auto Program Algorithm
Writing into and erasing from the flash memory are performed by activating auto
algorithms of the flash memory itself.
■ Command Operation
To activate auto algorithms, write a half-word (16 bits) of 1 to 6 into the flash memory consecutively. This
is called a "command". If an improper address and the data are written, or if an address and the data are
written in the wrong order, the flash memory will be reset to the read mode.
Table 27.3-1 Command List of CPU Mode
Command
sequence
Bus write
cycle
1st bus write cycle
2nd bus write cycle
3rd bus write cycle
4th read/write cycle
5th bus write cycle
6th bus write cycle
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
Address
Data
Read/Reset
1
*XXXXH
F0H
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
Read/Reset
4
*x557H
AAH
*yAAFH
55H
*x557H
F0H
RA
RD
---
---
---
---
Write
4
*x557H
AAH
*yAAFH
55H
*x557H
A0H
PA
PD
---
---
---
---
Chip erase
6
*x557H
AAH
*yAAFH
55H
*x557H
80H
*x557H
AAH
*yAAFH
55H
*x557H
10H
Sector erase
6
*x557H
AAH
*yAAFH
55H
*x557H
80H
*x557H
AAH
*yAAFH
55H
SA
30H
Enter address = "*XXXXH" and data = "B0H" to stop the erase temporarily in a sector erase operation.
Sector temporary stop
Enter address = "*XXXXH" and data = "30H" to restart the erase after sector erase temporary stop.
Sector erase restart
Continuous
mode
3
*x557H
AAH
*yAAFH
55H
*x557H
20H
---
---
---
---
---
---
Continuous
write
2
*XXXXH
A0H
PA
PD
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
Continuous
mode reset
2
*XXXXH
90H
*XXXXH
F0H
or
00H
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
The commands for the word mode and the half-word mode are the same. Data can be set using bits except specified bits.
RA: Read address
PA: Write address
SA: Sector address (specifying an address in a sector)
RD: Read data
PD: Write data
*: "0004H", "0005H", "0006H", "0007H", "0008H", "0009H", "000AH", "000BH", "000CH", "000DH", "000EH", "000FH", "0010H", "0011H", "0012H", "0013H", or "0014H"
x: hexadecimal odd digit: "1H", "3H", "5H", "7H", "9H", "BH", "DH", or "FH"
y: hexadecimal even digit: "0H", "2H", "4H", "6H", "8H", "AH", "CH", or "EH"
• Auto algorithm execution state
If an auto algorithm starts in the CPU mode, the operation state of the auto algorithm can be checked
using the internal ready signal (RDY). The level of this ready signal can be read from the "RDY" bit in
the flash memory control status register.
If the "RDY" bit is "0", the read data becomes a hardware sequence flag indicating the flash memory
status (see Hardware sequence (3) and (4)).
759
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.3.1
Commands of Auto Program Algorithm
This section describes the commands of auto program algorithm.
■ Read/Reset Command
When a read/reset command sequence is issued, the mode can be returned to the read mode after exceeding
the timing limit. Data is read from the flash memory at read cycle. The flash memory remains in reading
status until another command is entered.
When the power is turned on, the flash memory is automatically set to the read/reset mode. In this case, a
command for reading data is not needed.
■ Program (Write)
In CPU programming mode, data is basically written in half-word units. The write operation is performed
in four cycles of bus operation. The command sequence has two unlock cycles, which are followed by a
write setup command and a write data cycle. And the last write cycle starts the writing to the memory.
Once an automatic write algorithm command sequence was executed, the flash memory needs no more
external controls. The flash memory internally generates appropriate write pulses to check the margin of
the cells to which data is written. The data polling function compares the data of bit7 with the written data
for this bit, and if these data are the same, the automatic write operation ends (see "(3) Hardware sequence
flags"). The automatic write operation then returns to the read mode and accepts no more write addresses.
Consequently, the flash memory requests the next valid address at this moment. In this manner, the data
polling function indicates that the memory is being in a write operation.
During a write operation, all commands written to the flash memory are ignored. If a hardware reset is
activated during a write operation, the data at the writing address may become invalid. Writing into data
addresses can be performed in any order and even in the outside of sector boundaries. Writing cannot return
data "0" back to data "1". If data "0" is overwritten with data "1", the data polling algorithm determines
either that the device is defective, or that data "1" has been written in the reset/read mode, resulting that the
data is read as "0" when reading. Only an erase operation can change data "0" to data "1".
760
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
Figure 27.3-1 Write Sequence Using Write Command
Starts writing
Command sequence writing
Devise data polling
Next address
NO
Last address?
YES
Ends writing
■ Chip Erase
A chip erase command sequence ("erase all sectors simultaneously") is executed in six accesses. After two
unlock cycles, a setup command is written. Then after two more unlock cycles, the chip erase command is
entered.
Writing to the flash memory before erasing chip is not needed. When the automatic erase algorithm is
executed, the flash memory checks each cell by writing 0 to cells before automatically erasing the contents
of the cells.
In this operation, the flash memory does not need to be controlled externally.
The automatic erase operation starts with the write operation of the command sequence and ends when bit7
is set to "1", and at this time, the flash memory returns to the read mode. The chip erase time can be
expressed as "time for sector erase × number of sectors + time for chip writing (preprogram) ".
The figure below shows the chip erase sequence using the chip erase command.
■ Sector Erase
A sector erase command sequence is executed in six accesses. After two unlock cycles, a setup command is
written, and then two more unlock cycles follow. The sector erase command is entered in the sixth cycle for
starting the sector erase operation. The next sector erase command can be accepted within a time-out period
of 50 s after the last sector erase command is written.
To execute multiple sector erases simultaneously, write the above-mentioned six bus cycles. This sequence
is executed by writing the addresses of the sectors to be erased consecutively after the sector erase
command (30H). The sector erase operation starts after the end of the time-out period of 50 µs after the last
sector erase command is written. Therefore, to erase multiple sectors simultaneously, each sector must be
entered within the 50 µs time-out period, otherwise it may not be accepted.
Bit3 can be used to monitor whether each sector erase command is valid or not. (See "(3) Hardware
sequence flag"). The flash memory returns to the read mode when the erase ends. Other commands are
ignored. Data polling can operate on any addresses in the erased sector. The erase time for multiple sectors
can be expressed as "(time for sector erase + time for chip writing (preprogram)) × number of erased
sectors)".
761
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
Figure 27.3-2 Chip Erase Sequence Using Chip Erase Command
Starts erase
/ erase
Chip/Sector
command sequence
End of device data polling
or toggle bit
Ends writing
■ Erase Temporary Stop
The erase temporary stop command temporarily stops the automatic algorithm in flash memory during a
sector erase operation, thereby making it possible to write data to and read data from the other sectors that
is not subject to the erase operation. This command is valid only during a sector erase operation and
ignored during a chip erase operation and a write operation. The erase temporary stop command (B0H) is
valid only during a sector erase operation that includes the time-out period after a sector erase command
(30H) is issued. When this command is entered within the time-out period, the time-out is ended
immediately and the erase operation is suspended. The erase operation is restarted when an erase restart
command is entered. Any addresses can be used for the entry of erase temporary stop and erase restart
commands.
When an erase temporary stop command is entered during a sector erase operation, the flash memory needs
a maximum of 20 µs to stop the erase operation. When the flash memory enters the erase temporary stop
mode, it outputs a ready/busy signal, bit7 outputs "1" and bit6 stops a toggle action. For checking whether
the erase operation has stopped, enter the address of the sector being erased and monitor the read values of
bit6 and bit7. In this period, another erase temporary stop command entry will be ignored. When the erase
operation stops, the flash memory enters the erase temporary stop read mode. Data reading is enabled in
this mode for sectors that are not subject to the erase temporary stop, and other than that, there is no
difference from the standard read operation. In the erase temporary stop read mode, bit2 is toggled when
the data is read sequentially from the sectors that are in the erase temporary stop (for details, see "(3)
Hardware sequence flag").
After the erase temporary stop read mode is entered, the user can write to the flash memory by writing a
write command sequence. This mode is called the "erase temporary stop write mode". In this mode, data
writing is enabled for sectors that are not subject to the erase temporary stop, and other than that, there is no
difference from the standard byte writing operation. In the erase temporary stop write mode, bit2 is toggled
when the data is read sequentially from the sectors that are in the erase temporary stop. This mode is
detected by the erase temporary stop bit (bit6).
Notes on using this mode: Bit6 can be read from any addresses, but bit7 must be read from write addresses.
To restart the sector erase operation, a restart command (30H) must be entered. Another restart command
entry is ignored in this point. On the other hand, an erase temporary stop command can be entered after the
flash memory restarts the erase operation.
762
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.3.2
Hardware Sequence Flag
This section describes the hardware sequence flag.
In this flash memory, write/erase sequences are executed by automatic algorithms.
For this reason, this flash memory has hardware that notifies the end of internal operations to externals.
● Hardware sequence flag
A hardware sequence flag is obtained as data by reading an arbitrary address (odd address if byte access)
from the flash memory while the automatic algorithm is being executed. The data contains five valid bits,
and each of them indicates the status of the automatic algorithm.
Figure 27.3-3 Hardware Sequence Flag Format
bit
When reading from hardware
15
8 7
bit
7
6
5
DPOLL TOGGLE TLOVER
7
0
Hardware sequence flag
When reading from byte (odd address only)
bit
When accessing
with half-word
and byte
0
Hardware sequence flag
(Indeterminate)
4
(Indeterminate)
3
2
SETIMR TOGGL2
1
0
(Indeterminate) (Indeterminate)
These flags have no meaning in the FR-CPU ROM mode. Read this data only in the FR-CPU programming
mode using half-word or byte.
763
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
Table 27.3-2 List of Hardware Sequence Flag Status
Status
DPOLL
(bit7)
TOGGLE
(bit6)
TLOVER
(bit5)
SETIMR
(bit3)
TOGGL2
(bit2)
Automatic write
Inverted data
Toggle
0
0
1
0
Toggle
0
1
Toggle
1
1
0
0
Toggle
Data
Data
Data
Data
Toggle
0
0
1 *1
Inverted data
Toggle
1
0
1
0
Toggle
1
1
*2
Write/Erase in automatic write
Executing
Timing limit
exceeded
Read (from sectors
to be erased)
Erase
Read (from sectors
temporary
Data
not to be erased)
stop
Write (to sectors not
Inverted data
to be erased)
Automatic write
Write/Erase in automatic write
*1: Bit2 outputs "1" when the written address is read in the erase temporary stop write mode.
However, bit2 is toggled when the data is read sequentially from the sectors where erasing is temporarily stopped.
*2: When bit5 is set to "1" (time limit exceeded), bit2 is toggled when the data is read sequentially to the sectors in a writing/
erasing operation, but it is not toggled when the data is read to other sectors.
• Ready/Busy signal (RDY/BUSYX)
The flash memory uses the ready/busy signal in addition to the hardware sequence flags to indicate
whether an internal automatic algorithm is running or not. This ready/busy signal is connected to the
flash memory interface circuit, and it can be read as the "RDY" bit of the flash memory control status
register. When the ready/busy signal is activated, an interrupt request can be issued to CPU.
When the read value of the "RDY" bit is "0": The flash memory is executing a write operation or an
erase operation. At this moment, no new write or erase commands are accepted.
When the read value of the "RDY" bit is "1": The flash memory is in a read/write or erase standby state.
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27.3.3
Flash Control Register (FLCR)
This section describes the bit configuration and functions of flash control register
(FLCR).
Figure 27.3-4 FLCR: Address is Any Address in Flash Memory (Access: Byte or Half-word)
FLCR
Address:
bit7
DPOLL
R
R
-
bit6
bit5
TOGGLE TLOVER
R
R
bit4
R
bit3
bit2
SETIMR TOGGL2
R
R
bit1
bit0
Initial value
-
-
--------B
R
R
: Read only
: Undefined
[bit7] Data polling (DPOLL)
• In automatic write operation
When a read access is performed while the automatic write algorithm is being executed, the flash
memory outputs the inverted data of the last written value in bit7. When a read access is performed at
the end of the automatic write algorithm, the flash memory outputs bit7 of the read data of the address
indicated by the address signal.
• In automatic erase operation
When a read access is performed while the automatic erase algorithm is being executed, the flash
memory outputs "0" regardless of the address indicated by the address signal. Similarly, the flash
memory outputs "1" at the end of the algorithm.
• In sector erase temporary stop mode
When a read access is performed in sector erase temporary stop mode, the flash memory outputs "1"
when the address indicated by the address signal belongs to the sector being in erase status. If the
address does not belong to the sector being in erase status, the flash memory outputs bit7 of the read
value for the address.
By referring to this bit while bit6 is toggling, it allows to determine whether the current sector is in the
sector erase temporary stop status or not, and which sector is to be erased.
• As an automatic algorithm operation comes near to the end, the value of bit7 (data polling) is changed to
asynchronous. This means that the flash memory will send this data after it sends the operation status to
bit7. When the flash memory ends the automatic algorithm and outputs data set in bit7, other bits remain
undefined.
• The defined data of other bits is read by executing a normal read.
[bit6] Toggle bit (TOGGLE)
• In automatic write/erase operation
When continuous read accesses are performed while the automatic write algorithm or erase algorithm is
being executed, the flash memory outputs a toggle result "1" or "0" to bit6. When the automatic write or
erase algorithm ends, the toggling of bit6 for the continuous read accesses is stopped and valid data is
output.
The toggle bit becomes valid after the last write cycle of the corresponding command.
If a writing processing the data to the sector protected from being written to during a writing operation
is made, a toggling for approximately 2 ms will be performed and no data is rewritten. While erasing, if
all the selected sectors are protected from being written to, the toggle bit will perform a toggling
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CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
operation for approximately 100 µs and then the mode will return to the read mode without rewriting
data.
• Sector erase temporary stop mode
When a read access is performed in the sector erase temporary stop mode, the flash memory outputs "1"
if the address indicated by the address signal belongs to the sector being erased. If the address does not
belong to the sector being erased, the flash memory outputs bit6 of the read value of the address
indicated by the address signal.
[bit5] Timing limit over (TLOVER)
• In automatic write/erase operation
Bit5 indicates that an automatic algorithm execution exceeds the time (number of internal pulses)
specified in the flash memory. In this state, bit5 outputs "1". That is, if this flag outputs "1" during an
automatic algorithm operation, the writing or erasing is failed.
If an attempt to write to bit5 or a non-blank portion that is not being erased is made, the attempt will fail.
In this case, the set data cannot be read from bit7 (data polling), keeping bit6 (toggle bit) toggling. If
timing limit over occurs in this state, bit5 will output "1". This status indicates that flash memory was
not used correctly, not that it was defective. If this status occurs in the flash memory, execute a reset
command.
[bit4] Undefined
The read value is indeterminate.
[bit3] Sector erase timer (SETIMR)
• In sector erase operation
The flash memory becomes the standby state for sector erase after the first sector erase command
sequence is executed. At this time, bit3 becomes "0". It outputs "0" when a sector erase wait period
ends. Data polling and toggle bit will be enabled after the first sector erase command sequence is
executed.
When this flag is set to "1" by the data polling or toggle bit function while the erase algorithm is being
executed, an internally controlled erase operation has been started. Subsequent writing of commands is
ignored until the termination of the erase operation is shown by the data polling or toggle bit function
(only erase temporary stop commands are accepted). When this flag is "0", the flash memory accepts
additional sector erase commands. To confirm this, it is recommended to check the status of this flag
before writing the succeeding sector erase commands.
If this flag is "1" at the second time of status check, it means that the additional sector erase command
may have not been accepted. When a read access is performed in the sector erase temporary stop mode,
the flash memory outputs 1 if the address indicated by the address signal belongs to the sector to be
erased. If the address does not belong to that sector, the flash memory outputs bit3 of the read value of
the address indicated by the address signal.
[bit2] Toggle bit2 (TOGGLE2)
• In sector erase operation
Together with toggle bit of bit6, this toggle bit is used to detect whether the flash memory is under
automatic erase operation or in the erase temporary stop status. If data is read repeatedly from the data
to be erased in an automatic erase operation, bit2 toggles. If the flash memory is in the erase temporary
stop mode, bit2 toggles when data is read repeatedly from the sector where the erase is temporarily
stopped.
If the flash memory is in the erase temporary stop write mode, "1" is read from bit2 when address is
read repeatedly from the sector where the erase is not temporarily stopped. Unlike bit2, bit6 only toggles
in a normal write, erase, or erase temporary stop write operation.
For example, bit2 and bit6 are used together to detect the erase temporary stop read mode (bit2 toggles
but bit6 does not toggle). In addition, bit2 is used to detect sectors to be erased. If data is read from the
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CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
sector to be erased when the flash memory is executing an erase operation, this bit will perform toggling
operation.
[bit1, bit0] Undefined
The read value is indeterminate.
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CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.3.4
Examples of Using Hardware Sequence Flag
This section describes the examples of using hardware sequence flag.
By using hardware sequence flags mentioned above, the status of the internal automatic algorithms in the
flash memory can be determined. As the examples, write/erase determination sequences, one each for when
data polling function is used and for when toggle bit function is used are shown.
Figure 27.3-5 Write/Erase Determination Sequence Using Data Polling Function
Starts write/erase
Read (D0 to D7)
address = VA
D7 = Data?
YES
VA = Write address
= Erased sector address under sector
erase operation
= Non-protected sector address under
chip erase operation
*: Because D7 is changed at the same
time as D5, D7 must be rechecked
even if D5 = 1.
NO
NO
D5 = 1?
YES
Read (D0 to D7)
address = VA
D7 = Data?
*
YES
NO
Write/Erase failed
768
Write/Erase succeeded
CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
Figure 27.3-6 Write/Erase Determination Sequence Using Toggle Bit Function
Starts write/erase
Read (D0 to D7)
address = "H" to "L"
D6 = Toggle?
NO
YES
NO
D5=1?
YES
Read (D0 to D7)
address = "H" to "L"
D6 = Toggle?
*
NO
YES
Write/erase failed
Write/erase succeeded
* Because D6 stops toggling when D5 is changed to "1",
D6 must be rechecked even if D5 = 1.
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CHAPTER 27 FLASH MEMOEY
27.4
Notes on Using Flash Memory
This section describes notes on using flash memory and the serial programming.
• Refer to MBM29LV400TC datasheet together with this document.
• CPU mode
In CPU mode, how to assign addresses differs from the one using parallel flash programmer in a write
operation. See "■ Address Conversion from CPU Mode to Flash Programming Mode".
• Flash memory card (writing by parallel flash programmer)
By using this flash memory, the data can be written from external devices using parallel flash
programmer. In this state, the pin functions equivalent to the ones in the stand-alone product
MBM29LV400TC are assigned to external pins of the devices and CPU operation stops.
In the flash memory card, the address line connection to mapping in the memory area is changed from
the CPU mode.
■ FLASH Serial Programming
MB91F467R has a support function for on-board FLASH serial programming.
This is called serial download function. With this function, data can be