BF P840 F ES D Low N oise A mpli fier for 5 to 6 G Hz WLA N i ncl . 2.4 G Hz r ejec tio n w ith BF P840 F ES D Applic atio n N ote A N 299 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2012-12-21 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2012-12-21 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2013 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). 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BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Application Note AN299 Revision History: 2012-12-21 Previous Revision: No previous version Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 3 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 1.1 1.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 ® Overview of Wi-Fi Applications ........................................................................................................... 5 Device Overview: BFP840FESD .......................................................................................................... 6 2 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4GHz Rejection using BFP840FESD .............................................. 7 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Application Circuit and Performance ............................................................................................... 8 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 8 Schematics ........................................................................................................................................... 9 4 Measured Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 10 5 Evaluaton Board and Layout Information ..................................................................................... 17 6 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 19 7 Remark .............................................................................................................................................. 19 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 5-6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) .................................................................. 5 Schematic Diagram of the Application Circuit ...................................................................................... 9 In-Band Insersion Power Gain of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ................................. 10 Wideband Insersion Power Gain of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ............................. 10 Noise Figure of BFP840FESD LNA for 5100-5900 MHz ................................................................... 11 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLNA LNA with BFP840FESD .................................................... 12 Input Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ......................................................... 12 Input Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) ................................... 12 Output Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ....................................................... 13 Output Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) ................................ 13 Wideband Stability K Factor of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD .................................... 14 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD .................................. 14 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 5500MHz ........................................... 15 rd Input 3 Order Intercept Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 5500MHz .......................................... 15 OFF-Mode(Vcc=0V, Icc=0mA) S21 of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ......................... 16 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 2400MHz .......................................... 16 Photo of the BFP840FESD 5-6GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ................................................... 17 ZOOM-In Photo of the BFP840FESD 5-6GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board .................................. 17 Layout Proposal for the RF Grounding of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD ................... 18 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 18 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Summary of Measurement Results ................................................................................................... 8 Bill-of-Materials..................................................................................................................................... 9 Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 4 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of Wi-Fi® Applications Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) or well-known as wireless LAN (WLAN) plays a major role in today’s communications by enabling constant connection in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and broadband Internet access for users with laptops or devices equipped with wireless network interface while roaming within the range of fixed access points (AP) or a public hotspot. Different applications like home entertainment with wireless high-quality multimedia signal transmission, home networking notebooks, mass data storages and printers implement 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi® into their system to offer high-speed wireless connectivity. When wider coverage areas are needed and especially when a higher order modulation scheme is used such as in emerging very high throughput wireless specifications like 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256QAM) in IEEE 802.11ac, the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) requirements for both the AP and the client are more stringent. For this kind of highspeed high data rate wireless communication standards it is essential to ensure the quality of the link path. Major performance criteria of these equipments have to be fulfilled: sensitivity, strong signal capability and interference immunity. Below a general application diagram of a WLAN system is shown. WLAN/WiMAX: 4.9 – 5.9 GHz BPF LNA SPDT Switch Power Detector BPF PA WLAN/ WiMAX Transceiver IC ESD Diode Figure 1 5-6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 5 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Introduction In order to increase the system sensitivity, an excellent low noise amplifier (LNA) in front of the receiver is mandatory, especially in an environment with very weak signal strength and because of the insertion loss of the SPDT switch and the Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer. The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of approx. 2 dB can only be achieved by using a high-gain low noise amplifier. In addition, strong signal environment can exist when the equipment is next to a transmitter. In that case, the LNA must be linear enough, i.e. have high 1dB compression point. This avoids saturation, degradation of the gain and increased noise figure. This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support RFswitches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection. 1.2 Device Overview: BFP840FESD The BFP840FESD is a discrete hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) specifically designed for high performance 5 GHz band low noise amplifier (LNA) solutions for Wi-Fi connectivity applications. It combines the 80 GHz fT silicon-germanium:carbide (SiGe:C) B9HFM process with special device geometry engineering to reduce the parasitic capacitance between substrate and transistor that degrades high-frequency characteristics, resulting in an inherent input matching and a major improvement in power gain 5 GHz band together with a low noise figure performance that is industry's best. The BFP840FESD has an integrated 1.5kV HBM ESD protection which makes the device robust against electrostatic discharge and extreme RF input power. The device offers its high performance at low current and voltage and is especially well-suited for portable battery powered applications in which energy efficiency is a key requirement. The BFP840FESD is housed in flat-leads TSFP-4-1 package. Further variants are available in industry standard visible-leads SOT343 package (BFP840ESD) and in the low-height 0.31mm TSLP-3-9 package (BFR840L3RHESD) specially fitting into modules. Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 6 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4GHz Rejection using BFP840FESD 2 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4GHz Rejection using BFP840FESD This application note presents the measurement results of the low noise amplifier using BFP840FESD for 5100 MHz to 5900 MHz WLAN applications. The circuit shown in Figure 2 doesn’t require any external input matching elements. High rejection at 2.4 GHz band is achieved using a LC notch filter at the input of the LNA. It requires ten passive 0402 size SMD components and brings gain from 17.9 dB to 18.8 dB over the frequency band. The noise figure varies from 1.05 dB to 1.15 dB (SMA and PCB losses are subtracted) over the complete frequency band. Moreover, 1dB compression point IP1dB at 2.4 GHz band is 4.4 dBm at input. The circuit achieves an input and output return loss of better than 10 dB. Furthermore, the circuit is unconditionally stable from 10 MHz to 15 GHz. At 5.5 GHz, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the output third order intercept point OIP3 reaches 17.2 dBm. Besides, we obtain input 1dB input compression point IP1dB of -10.5 dBm. Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 7 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Application Circuit and Performance 3 Application Circuit and Performance 3.1 Overview Device: BFP840FESD Application: Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4GHz Rejection PCB Marking: BFP840FESD TSFP-4 M12080702 3.2 Summary of Measurement Results Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 3.0 V DC Current Icc 15 mA Frequency Range Gain Freq G 2400 -7.3 5100 18.8 5500 18.4 5900 17.9 MHz dB NF -- 1.05 1.10 1.15 dB RLin -- 10.2 11.6 11.4 dB Output Return Loss RLout -- 10.7 10.5 12.4 dB Reverse Isolation Input P1dB Output P1dB Input IP3 IRev IP1dB OP1dB IIP3 -4.4 -- 26.4 --- 25.9 -10.5 6.9 -1.2 25.5 --- dB dBm dBm dBm Noise Figure Input Return Loss Note/Test Condition SMA and PCB losses (~0.15 dB) are subtracted Power @ Input: -30 dBm Output IP3 Stability OIP3 17.2 dBm k > 1.0 -- Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 8 / 20 f1= 5500 MHz, f2= 5501 MHz Stability measured from 10MHz to 8GHz 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Application Circuit and Performance 3.3 Schematics V cc = 3.0V J2 DC Connector R3 51 ohm I = 14 mA C4 33pF C3 1pF 51ohms R2 L1 2nH R1 27Kohm Q1 C2 1pF RF OUTPUT BFP840FESD C1 22pF RF INPUT J3 J1 C5 1.5pF A proper RF grounding is required to ensure the LNA performance. Please refer to Chapter 7 for the layout proposal. L2 2.7nH PCB Marking=BFP840FESD TSFP-4-1 M12080702 PCB Board Material= Standard FR4 Layer spacing(top RF to internal ground plane):0.2 mm Figure 2 Table 2 Symbol C1 C2 Schematic Diagram of the Application Circuit Bill-of-Materials Value 22 1.0 Unit pF pF Size 0402 0402 Manufacturer Various Various Comment Input DC block Output DC block & output matching C3 1.0 pF 0402 Various Output matching. Influence the input matching as well. C4 C5 L1 33 1.5 2.0 pF pF nH 0402 0402 0402 Various Various Murata LQP15series RF decoupling / blocking cap 2.4 GHz rejection Output matching and biasing to the Collector L2 R1 R2 R3 2.7 27 51 51 nH kΩ Ω Ω 0402 0402 0402 0402 Murata LQP15 series Various Various Various 2.4 GHz rejection DC biasing Stability improvement TSFP4-1 Infineon Technologies Q1 Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 9 / 20 DC biasing (provides DC negative feedback to stabilize DC operating point over temperature variation, transistor hFE variation, etc.) BFP840FESD SiGe:C Heterojunction Bipolar RF Transistor 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Measured Graphs 4 Measured Graphs Insertion Power Gain InBand 20 5100 MHz 18.8 dB 18 5500 MHz 18.4 dB 5900 MHz 17.9 dB 16 14 12 4000 Figure 3 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 In-Band Insersion Power Gain of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Insertion Power Gain WideBand 20 15 5100 MHz 5500 MHz 18.8 dB 18.4 dB 5900 MHz 17.9 dB 10 5 0 -5 2400 MHz -7.34 dB -10 -15 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 4 Wideband Insersion Power Gain of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 10 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Measured Graphs Noise Figure 2 NF(dB) 1.5 5500 MHz 1.1 dB 5100 MHz 1.05 dB 5900 MHz 1.15 dB 1 0.5 0 5100 Figure 5 5300 5500 Frequency (MHz) 5700 5900 Noise Figure of BFP840FESD LNA for 5100-5900 MHz Reverse Isolation 0 -10 5100 MHz -26.4 dB -20 5500 MHz -25.9 dB 5900 MHz -25.5 dB -30 -40 4000 4500 Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 11 / 20 6500 7000 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Measured Graphs Figure 6 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLNA LNA with BFP840FESD Input Matching -2 -4 -6 5100 MHz -10.2 dB -8 5500 MHz -11.6 dB 5900 MHz -11.4 dB -10 -12 4000 Figure 7 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Input Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Swp Max 7000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Input Matching Smith 0. 4 5500 MHz r 0.659729 x 0.283577 5100 MHz r 0.555349 x 0.192007 5900 MHz 3.0 r 0.771871 .0 x 0.436442 4 0 5. 0.2 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0.2 10.0 -10.0 2 -0. 4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 Figure 8 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Swp Min 3500MHz Input Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 12 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Measured Graphs Output Matching 0 -10 5500 MHz 5900 MHz -10.5 dB -12.4 dB 5100 MHz -10.7 dB -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 4000 Figure 9 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Output Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Swp Max 7000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Output Matching Smith 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 0.2 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 5100 MHz r 1.11718 x -0.635948 2 -0. .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 -3 .0 Figure 10 4 .0 -5. 0 5500 MHz r 1.02149 x -0.628442 .4 -0 -10.0 0.2 10.0 5900 MHz r 0.955856 x -0.480283 Swp Min 3500MHz Output Matching of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD (Smith Chart) Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 13 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Measured Graphs Stability k Factor 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 100 5100 10100 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 11 Wideband Stability K Factor of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Stability Mu Factor 2 1.5 1 Mu2 factor 0.5 Mu1 factor 0 100 5100 10100 15000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 12 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 14 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Measured Graphs Input 1dB Compression Point 20 -30 dBm 18.41 dB Gain(dB) 15 -10.5 dBm 17.41 dB 10 5 0 -30 Figure 13 -25 -20 -15 Pin (dBm) -10 -5 0 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 5500MHz Output 3rd Order Intercept Point 0 5501 MHz -6.98 Power (dBm) -20 -40 5499 MHz -55.3 -60 -80 -100 5498.5 Figure 14 5499.5 5500.5 Frequency (MHz) 5501.5 5502.5 rd Input 3 Order Intercept Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 5500MHz Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 15 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Measured Graphs OFF Mode S21 -18 -20 -22 5100 MHz -21.3 dB 5500 MHz -20.9 dB 5900 MHz -20.3 dB -24 -26 4000 Figure 15 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 OFF-Mode(Vcc=0V, Icc=0mA) S21 of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Input 1dB Compression Point 2G4 -5 -25 dBm -7.3 dB 4.4 dBm -8.3 dB Gain(dB) -10 -15 -20 -25 Figure 16 -20 -15 -10 -5 Pin (dBm) 0 5 10 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP840FESD Circuit at 2400MHz Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 16 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Evaluaton Board and Layout Information 5 Evaluaton Board and Layout Information Figure 17 Photo of the BFP840FESD 5-6GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Figure 18 ZOOM-In Photo of the BFP840FESD 5-6GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 17 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Evaluaton Board and Layout Information Figure 19 Layout Proposal for the RF Grounding of the 5-6GHz WLAN LNA with BFP840FESD Figure 20 PCB Layer Information Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 18 / 20 2012-12-21 BFP840FESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5-6GHz WLAN Applications Authors 6 Authors Edwin Guo, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Shamsuddin Ahmed, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” 7 Remark The graphs are generated with the simulation program “Agilent - Advanced Design System” Application Note AN299, Rev. 1.0 19 / 20 2012-12-21 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN299