NCP81232 Dual-Channel/Multi-Phase Controller for DrMOS The NCP81232, a dual−channel/multi−phase synchronous buck controller, provides power management solutions for various applications supported by DrMOS. It has 8 programmable power−stage configurations, differential voltage and current sense, flexible power sequence programming, and comprehensive protections. www.onsemi.com MARKING DIAGRAM Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Vin = 4.5~20 V with Input Feedforward Integrated 5.35 V LDO Vout = 0.6 V ~ 5.3 V Fsw = 200k ~ 1.2 MHz PWM Output Compatible to 3.3 V and 5 V DrMOS Flexible 8 Combinations of Power Stage Configurations (1~2 Output Rails, 1~4 Phases) DDR Power Mode Option Interleaved Operation Differential Output Voltage Sense Differential Current Sense Compatible for both Inductor DCR Sense and DrMOS Iout 2 Enables with Programmable Input UVLO Programmable DrMOS Power Ready Detection (DRVON) 2 Power Good Indicators Comprehensive Fault Indicator Externally Programmable Soft Start and Delay Time Programmable Hiccup Over Current Protection Hiccup Under Voltage Protection Recoverable Over Voltage Protection Hiccup Over Temperature Protection Thermal Shutdown Protection QFN−40, 5x5 mm, 0.4 mm Pitch Package This is a Pb−Free Device 1 1 40 TBD YYWWAG QFN40 CASE 485CR A YY WW G = Assembly Location = Year = Work Week = Pb−Free Package ORDERING INFORMATION Device Package Shipping† NCP81232MNTXG QFN40 (Pb−Free) 2500 / Tape & Reel †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specification Brochure, BRD8011/D. Typical Applications • • • • Telecom Applications Server and Storage System Multiple Rail Systems DDR Applications © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015 June, 2015 − Rev. 0 1 Publication Order Number: NCP81232/D 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 VCC5V VREF ILMT1 OTP1 COMP1 FB1 DIFFOUT1 VSN1 VSP1 PWM1 NCP81232 ISP1 30 EN1 ISN1 29 3 EN2 ISP2 28 4 DRVON ISN2 27 5 PGOOD 1 PWM2 26 6 PGOOD 2 PWM3 25 7 FAULT ISP3 24 8 DLY 1 ISN3 23 9 DLY 2 / DDR ISP4 22 SS ISN4 21 OTP2 / REFIN COMP2 FB2 DIFFOUT2 VSN2 VSP2 PWM4 10 GND 41 ILMT2 2 CNFG VIN FSET 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Figure 1. Pin Configuration PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Name Type Description 1 VIN Power Input Power Supply Input. Power supply input pin of the device, which is connected to the integrated 5V LDO. 4.7 mF or more ceramic capacitors must bypass this input to power ground. The capacitors should be placed as close as possible to this pin. 2 EN1 Analog Input Enable 1. Logic high enables channel 1 and logic low disables channel 1. Input supply UVLO can be programmed at this pin for channel 1. 3 EN2 Analog Input Enable 2. Logic high enables channel 2 and logic low disables channel 2. Input supply UVLO can be programmed at this pin for channel 2. 4 DRVON Logic Input 5 PGOOD1 Logic Output Power GOOD 1. Open−drain output. Provides a logic high valid power good output signal, indicating the regulator’s output is in regulation window of channel 1. 6 PGOOD2 Logic Output Power GOOD 2. Open−drain output. Provides a logic high valid power good output signal, indicating the regulator’s output is in regulation window of channel 2. 7 FAULT Logic Output Fault. Digital output to indicate fault mode. 8 DLY1 Analog Input Delay 1. A resistor from this pin to GND programs delay time of soft start for channel 1. 9 DLY2 /DDR Analog Input Delay 2 / DDR. A resistor from this pin to GND programs delay time of soft start for channel 2. Short to GND to have DDR operation mode. 10 SS Analog Input Soft Start Time. A resistor from this pin to ground programs soft start time for both channels. 11 FSET Analog Input Frequency Selection. A resistor from this pin to ground programs switching frequency. 12 CNFG Analog Input Configuration. A resistor from this pin to ground programs configuration of power stages. 13 ILIMT2 Analog Input Limit of Current 2. Voltage at this pin sets over−current threshold for channel 2. Driver On. Logic high input means drivers’ power is ready. www.onsemi.com 2 NCP81232 PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Name Type Description 14 OTP2 /REFIN Analog Input 15 COMP2 Analog Output 16 FB2 Analog Input 17 DIFFOUT2 Analog Output 18 VSN2 Analog Input Voltage Sense Negative Input 2. Inverting input of differential voltage sense amplifier of channel 2. 19 VSP2 Analog Input Voltage Sense Positive Input 2. Non−inverting input of differential voltage sense amplifier of channel 2. 20 PWM4 Analog Output 21 ISN4 Analog Input Current Sense Negative Input 4. Inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 4. 22 ISP4 Analog Input Current Sense Positive Input 4. Non−inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 4. 23 ISN3 Analog Input Current Sense Negative Input 3. Inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 3. 24 ISP3 Analog Input Current Sense Positive Input 3. Non−inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 3. 25 PWM3 Analog Output PWM 3. PWM output of phase 3. 26 PWM2 Analog Output PWM 2. PWM output of phase 2. 27 ISN2 Analog Input Current Sense Negative Input 2. Inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 2. 28 ISP2 Analog Input Current Sense Positive Input 2. Non−inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 2. 29 ISN1 Analog Input Current Sense Negative Input 1. Inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 1. 30 ISP1 Analog Input Current Sense Positive Input 1. Non−inverting input of differential current sense amplifier of phase 1. 31 PWM1 Analog Output 32 VSP1 Analog Input Voltage Sense Positive Input 1. Non−inverting input of differential voltage sense amplifier of channel 1. 33 VSN1 Analog Input Voltage Sense Negative Input 1. Inverting input of differential voltage sense amplifier of channel 1. 34 DIFFOUT1 Analog Output 35 FB1 Analog Input 36 COMP1 Analog Output 37 OTP1 Analog Input Over Temperature Protection 1. Voltage at this pin sets over−temperature threshold for channel 1. 38 ILIMT1 Analog Input Limit of Current 1. Voltage at this pin sets over−current threshold for channel 1. 39 VREF Analog Output Output of Reference. Output of 0.6 V reference. A 10nF ceramic capacitor bypasses this input to GND. This capacitor should be placed as close as possible to this pin. 40 VCC5V Analog Power Voltage Supply of Controller. Output of integrated 5.35V LDO and power supply input pin of control circuits. A 4.7 mF ceramic capacitor bypasses this input to GND. This capacitor should be placed as close as possible to this pin. 41 THERM /GND Analog Ground Thermal Pad and Analog Ground. Ground of internal control circuits. Must be connected to the system ground. Over Temperature Protection 2 / Reference Input. Voltage at this pin sets over−temperature threshold for channel 2. Reference input pin in DDR mode. Compensation 2. Output pin of error amplifier of channel 2. Feedback 2. Inverting input of internal error amplifier for channel 2. Differential Amplifier Output 2. Output pin of differential voltage sense amplifier of channel 2. PWM 4. PWM output of phase 4. PWM 1. PWM output of phase 1. Differential Amplifier Output 1. Output pin of differential voltage sense amplifier of channel 1. Feedback 1. Inverting input of internal error amplifier for channel 1. Compensation 1. Output pin of error amplifier of channel 1. www.onsemi.com 3 NCP81232 VIN VIN VIN PWM1 VCC5V VREF EN1 PGOOD 1 PWM Vout1 VSWH NCP5369 VREF PWM2 EN1 ISP1 ISN1 PGOOD 1 DISB# CGND ISP1 PGND ISN1 ISP1 ISN1 VIN DIFFOUT 1 FB1 VSP1 VSN1 COMP1 VSP1 VIN VSN1 PWM DISB# DRVON 1 DLY1 ISP2 ISN2 SS CNFG VSWH NCP5369 CGND ISP2 PGND ISN2 ISP2 VSN1 ISN2 VSP1 VIN NCP81232 FSET VIN PWM3 PWM PWM4 DISB# Vout2 VSWH NCP5369 ISP3 ISN3 ISP3 CGND PGND ISN3 ISP3 ISN3 VIN DIFFOUT 2 FB2 VSP2 VSN2 COMP2 EN2 PGOOD 2 VSP2 VIN VSN2 PWM VSWH NCP5369 DISB# DRVON 2 EN2 ISP4 PGOOD 2 DLY2 ISN4 ISP4 CGND ISN4 PGND ISP4 VSN2 ISN4 VSP2 GND Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit for Dual Channel Applications (2 Phase + 2 Phase) www.onsemi.com 4 NCP81232 VIN VIN VIN VCC5V PWM1 VREF PWM2 PWM Vout1 VSWH NCP5369 EN1 PGOOD1 EN1 ISP1 PGOOD1 ISN1 CGND ISP1 PGND ISP1 ISN1 ISN1 VIN DIFFOUT1 VSP1 FB1 VSN1 COMP1 VIN VSN1 PWM VSWH NCP5369 DLY1 ISP2 ISN2 SS CNFG VSP1 ISP2 CGND PGND ISN2 ISP2 VSN1 ISN2 VSP1 VIN NCP81232 FSET VIN PWM PWM3 VSWH NCP5369 PWM4 ISP3 ISN3 CGND ISP3 PGND ISN3 ISP3 ISN3 VIN VIN PWM VSWH NCP5369 ISP4 ISN4 CGND ISP4 ISN4 PGND ISP4 ISN4 GND Figure 3. Typical Application Circuit for Single Channel Applications (4 Phase) www.onsemi.com 5 NCP81232 VIN VIN VCC5V VREF EN PGOOD1 VIN VCC5V PWM1 VREF PWM2 PWM VDDQ VSWH NCP5369 EN1 ISP1 PGOOD1 ISN1 ISP1 CGND PGND ISN1 ISP1 ISN1 VIN DIFFOUT1 FB1 VSP1 VSN1 COMP1 VIN PWM VSWH NCP5369 DLY1 ISP2 ISN2 SS CNFG VSP1 VSN1 CGND ISP2 PGND ISN2 ISP2 VSN1 ISN2 VSP1 VIN NCP81232 FSET VIN PWM PWM3 DIFFOUT1 VSWH NCP5369 OTP2 / REFIN PWM4 ISP3 ISN3 ISP3 CGND PGND ISN3 ISP3 ISN3 VIN DIFFOUT2 FB2 VSP2 VSN2 COMP2 EN PGOOD2 VCC5V VSP2 VIN VSN2 PWM VTT VSWH NCP5369 EN2 ISP4 PGOOD2 DLY2 / DDR ISN4 CGND ISP4 ISN4 PGND ISP4 ISN4 VSN2 GND VSP2 Figure 4. Typical Application Circuit for DDR Applications (3 Phase + 1 Phase) www.onsemi.com 6 NCP81232 VIN VIN VIN PWM1 VCC5V PWM Vout1 VSWH NCP81290 VREF PWM2 VTEMP1 VTEMP2 ISP1 ISN1 ILMT1 VTEMP IOUT CGND ISP1 PGND ISP1 ISN1 ISN1 VIN ILMT2 OTP1 VSP1 OTP2 VSN1 VSP1 VIN VSN1 PWM VTEMP1 DIFFOUT1 ISP2 FB1 ISN2 VSWH NCP81290 VTEMP ISP2 IOUT CGND PGND ISN2 ISP2 VSN1 ISN2 VSP1 VIN COMP1 EN1 PGOOD1 EN2 PGOOD2 NCP81232 EN1 VIN PGOOD1 PWM PWM3 Vout2 VSWH NCP81290 EN2 PWM4 PGOOD2 ISP3 CNFG ISN3 FSET VTEMP IOUT CGND ISP3 PGND ISN3 ISP3 ISN3 VIN SS DLY1 VSP2 DLY2 VSN2 VSP2 VIN VSN2 PWM VTEMP2 DIFFOUT2 FB2 ISP4 ISN4 COMP2 VSWH NCP81290 VTEMP ISP4 CGND ISN4 IOUT PGND ISP4 VSN2 ISN4 VSP2 GND Figure 5. Typical Application Circuit for DrMOS with Integrated Current Sense and Temperature Sense www.onsemi.com 7 NCP81232 VIN VCC5V 5V LDO FB1 FB2 VREF Reference OC1 OC2 Dual−Channel / Multi−Phase PWM1 PWM Control PWM2 & PWM3 Protections PWM4 OC3 OC4 DRVON OT1 EN1 UVLO & PGOOD EN2 PGOOD1 PGOOD2 OT2 FAULT ISP1 CS1 ISN1 CNFG FSET Programming Detection SS DLY 1 ISP2 CS2 ISN2 DLY 2/DDR ISP3 CS3 VSP1 ISN3 VSN1 DIFFOUT1 ISP4 CS4 COMP1 ISN4 FB1 OC1 OC2 OC3 0.6V OC4 REFIN MUX Current Limit ILMT1 ILMT2 CS1 FB2 CS2 CS3 COMP2 CS4 DIFFOUT2 OT1 VSN2 OT2 VSP2 Figure 6. Functional Block Diagram www.onsemi.com 8 Over Temperature Protection OTP1 OTP2/REFIN NCP81232 MAXIMUM RATINGS Value Rating Symbol Power Supply Voltage to PGND VVIN Supply Voltage VCC5V to GND VVCC5V VVSN VSNx to GND Other Pins to GND Min Max Unit 30 V −0.3 6.5 V −0.2 0.2 V −0.3 VCC5V + 0.3 V Human Body Model (HBM) ESD Rating (Note 1) ESD HBM 4000 V Machine Model (MM) ESD Rating (Note 1) ESD MM 400 V ESD CDM 2000 Charge Device Mode (CDM) ESD Rating (Note 1) Latch up Current: (Note 2) All pins, except digital pins Digital pins ILU −100 −10 100 10 V mA Operating Junction Temperature Range (Note 3) TJ −40 125 °C Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA −40 100 °C Storage Temperature Range TSTG −55 150 °C Thermal Resistance Junction to Top Case (Note 4) RYJC 5.0 °C/W Thermal Resistance Junction to Board (Note 4) RYJB 3.5 °C/W Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient (Note 4) RθJA 38 °C/W PD 2.63 W MSL 1 − Power Dissipation (Note 5) Moisture Sensitivity Level (Note 6) Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. This device is ESD sensitive. Handling precautions are needed to avoid damage or performance degradation. 2. Latch up Current per JEDEC standard: JESD78 class II. 3. The thermal shutdown set to 150°C (typical) avoids potential irreversible damage on the device due to power dissipation. 4. JEDEC standard JESD 51−7 (1S2P Direct−Attach Method) with 0 LFM. It is for checking junction temperature using external measurement. 5. The maximum power dissipation (PD) is dependent on input voltage, maximum output current and external components selected. TA = 25°C, TJ_max = 125°C, PD = (TJ_max−T_amb)/Theta JA 6. Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1 per IPC/JEDEC standard: J−STD−020A. www.onsemi.com 9 NCP81232 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 12 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from −40°C to 125°C. unless other noted.) Characteristics Test Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit (Note 7) VIN 4.5 12 20 V VCC5V Under−Voltage (UVLO) Threshold VCC5V falling VCCUV− 3.7 VCC5V OK Threshold VCC5V rising VCCOK SUPPLY VOLTAGE VIN Supply Voltage Range VCC5V UVLO Hysteresis V 4.3 VCCHYS 260 V mV VCC5V Regulator Output Voltage 6 V < VIN < 20 V, IVCC5V = 15 mA (External), EN1 = EN2 = Low VCC 5.2 5.35 5.5 V −2.0 0.2 2.0 % 200 mV Load Regulation IVCC5V = 5 mA to 25 mA (External), EN1 = EN2 = Low Dropout Voltage VIN = 5 V, IVCC5V = 25 mA (External), EN1 = EN2 = Low VDO_VCC VIN Quiescent Current EN1 high, 1 channel and 1 phase only EN1 and EN2 high, 2 channel and 2 phase per channel IQVIN − − 15 18 20 25 mA VIN Shutdown Current EN1 and EN2 low IsdVIN − 8 10 mA VFB 596 594 600 600 604 606 mV VVREF 594 600 606 mV SUPPLY CURRENT REGULATION REFERENCE Regulated Feedback Voltage Include offset of error amplifier 0°C to 85°C –40°C to 125°C REFERENCE OUTPUT VREF Output Voltage IVREF = 500 mA Load Regulation IVREF = 0 mA to 2 mA −1.0 1.0 % Input Common Mode Voltage Range (Note 7) −0.2 VCC−1.8 V Output Voltage Swing (Note 7) VCC−1.8 V 1.005 V/V DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE−SENSE AMPLIFIER DC Gain VSP−VSN = 0.6V to VCC−1.8 GAIN_DVA CL = 20 pF to GND, RL = 10 kW to GND (Note 7) BW_DVA VSP – VSN = 3.5 V RVSEN 1.0 VSP,VSN = 2.0 V IVS −400 400 VSP – VSN = 0.6 V to VCC – 1.8 V –40°C to 100°C –40°C to 125°C VosCS −1.3 −1.9 1.3 1.9 Open−Loop DC Gain (Note 7) GAINEA 80 dB Unity Gain Bandwidth (Note 7) GBWEA 20 MHz −3dB Gain Bandwidth Input Impedance Input Bias Current Input Offset Voltage 0.995 1.0 10 MHz MW nA mV VOLTAGE ERROR AMPLIFIER Slew Rate COMP Voltage Swing FB, REFIN Bias Current (Note 7) SRCOMP ICOMP(source) = 2 mA VmaxCOMP 3.2 3.4 20 − ICOMP(sink) = 2 mA VminCOMP − 1.05 1.15 VFB = VREFIN = 1.0 V IFB −400 V/ms 400 V nA Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions. 7. Guaranteed by design, not tested in production. www.onsemi.com 10 NCP81232 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 12 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from −40°C to 125°C. unless other noted.) Characteristics Test Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT−SENSE AMPLIFIER DC Gain GAINCA 6 V/V BWCA 10 MHz −3dB Gain Bandwidth (Note 7) Input Common Mode Voltage Range (Note 7) −0.2 Differential Input Voltage Range (Note 7) −60 Input Bias Current − VCC+0.1 V 60 mV 100 nA ISP,ISN = 2.5 V ICS −100 Rfs = 2.7k Rfs = 5.1k Float Rfs = 8.2k Short to GND Rfs = 13k Rfs = 20k Rfs = 33k FSW 180 270 360 450 540 720 900 1080 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200 220 330 440 550 660 880 1100 1320 kHz IFS 45 50 55 mA TRST 1.8 2.0 2.2 ms TDL − 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 7.2 10.8 18 − 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 8.0 12 20 TDL1 − 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 8.8 13.2 22 − ms IDL 45 50 55 mA TSS 0.9 2.7 3.6 5.4 1.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 1.1 3.3 4.4 6.6 ms 0.9 2.7 3.6 5.4 1.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 1.1 3.3 4.4 6.6 45 50 55 SWITCHING FREQUENCY Switching Frequency Source Current SYSTEM RESET TIME System Reset Time Measured from EN to start of soft start with TDL = 0 ms DELAY TIME Delay Time Float Rdl = 33k Rdl = 20k Rdl = 13k Rdl = 8.2k Rdl = 5.1k Rdl = 2.7k Short to GND (DLY1 Only) Short to GND (DDR Mode, DLY2 Only) (Note 7) Source Current SOFT START TIME Soft Start Time OTP Configuration 1 (Note 7) Rss = 13k Float Rss = 20k Rss = 33k OTP Configuration 2 (Note 7) Rss = 2.7k Short to GND Rss = 5.1k Rss = 8.2k Source Current ISS mA Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions. 7. Guaranteed by design, not tested in production. www.onsemi.com 11 NCP81232 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 12 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from −40°C to 125°C. unless other noted.) Characteristics Test Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit CONFIGURATION PWM Configuration (Note 7) Channel 1 Channel 2 PWM1 PWM4 Rcnfg = 2.7k PWM1, PWM2 PWM4 Rcnfg = 5.1k PWM1, PWM2, PWM3 PWM4 Short to GND PWM1, PWM2 PWM3, PWM4 Rcnfg = 8.2k PWM1 Rcnfg = 13k PWM1, PWM2 Rcnfg = 20k PWM1, PWM2, PWM3 Rcnfg = 33k PWM1, PWM2, PWM3, PWM4 Float Source Current ICNFG 45 50 55 mA PGOOD PGOOD Startup Delay PGOOD Shutdown Delay PGOOD Low Voltage Measured from end of Soft Start to PGOOD assertion Td_PGOOD Measured from EN to PGOOD de−assertion 100 ms 240 ns IPGOOD= 4 mA (sink) VlPGOOD − − 0.3 V PGOOD = 5 V IlkgPGOOD − − 1.0 mA FAULT Output High Voltage Isourse = 0.5 mA VFAULT_H VCC−0.5 FAULT Output Low Voltage Isink = 0.5 mA VFAULT_L Measured from ILIMT ISP−ISN = 50 mV to GND ISP−ISN = 20 mV VOCTH+ Measured from ILIMT to GND (only active in non−latched OVP) VOCTH− PGOOD Leakage Current FAULT V 0.5 V mV PROTECTIONS Positive Current Limit Threshold Negative Current Limit Threshold ISP−ISN = −50 mV ISP−ISN = −20 mV Positive Over Current Protection (OCP) Debounce Time (Note 7) Under Voltage Protection (UVP) Threshold Voltage from FB to GND VUVTH Under Voltage Protection (UVP) Hysteresis Voltage from FB to GND VUVHYS Under Voltage Protection (UVP) Debounce Time Shutdown Time in Hiccup Mode 285 300 315 110 120 130 285 300 315 110 120 130 8 Cycles 500 510 mV ms 520 mV 20 mV (Note 7) 1.5 us UVP (Note 7) OCP (Note 7) OTP (Note 7) 12*TSS 16*TSS 8*TSS ms First−Level Over Voltage Protection (OVP_L) Threshold Voltage from FB to GND VOVTH_L First−Level Over Voltage Protection (OVP_L) Hysteresis Voltage from FB to GND VLOVHYS 650 660 −20 670 mV mV Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions. 7. Guaranteed by design, not tested in production. www.onsemi.com 12 NCP81232 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 12 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from −40°C to 125°C. unless other noted.) Characteristics Test Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit PROTECTIONS First−Level Over Voltage Protection (OVP_L) Debounce Time (Note 7) 1.0 Second−Level Over Voltage Protection (OVP_H) Threshold Voltage from FB to GND VOVTH_H Second−Level Over Voltage Protection (OVP_H) Hysteresis Voltage from FB to GND VHOVHYS Second−Level Over Voltage Protection (OVP_H) Debounce Time (Note 7) Offset Voltage of OTP Comparator VILMT = 200 mV OTP Source Current 710 VOS_OTP −2 IOTP 9 OTP Debounce Time (Note 7) Thermal Shutdown (TSD) Threshold (Note 7) Tsd Recovery Temperature Threshold (Note 7) Trec Thermal Shutdown (TSD) Debounce Time (Note 7) 140 720 ms 730 mV −20 mV 1.0 us 10 2 mV 11 mA 160 ns 165 °C 125 °C 120 ns ENABLE VEN_TH 0.75 0.8 0.85 V VCC5V is OK IEN_HYS 25 30 35 mA VDRVON_TH 0.75 0.8 0.85 V VCC5V is OK IDRVON_HYS 25 30 35 mA Minimum On Time (Note 7) Ton_min 50 ns Minimum Off Time (Note 7) Toff_min EN ON Threshold Hysteresis Source Current DRVON DRVON ON Threshold Hysteresis Source Current PWM MODULATION 160 ns 0% Duty Cycle COMP voltage when the PWM outputs remain Lo (Note 7) 1.3 V 100% Duty Cycle COMP voltage when the PWM outputs remain HI, Vin = 12.0 V (Note 7) 2.5 V Ramp Feed*forward Voltage Range (Note 7) 4.5 20 V PWM OUTPUT PWM Output High Voltage Isourse = 0.5 mA VPWM_H PWM Output Low Voltage Isink = 0.5 mA VPWM_L Rise and Fall Times VCC−0.2 0.2 CL (PCB) = 50 pF, measured between 10% & 90% of VCC (Note 7) Leakage Current in Hi−Z Stage V 10 ILK_PWM −1.0 V ns 1.0 mA Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions. 7. Guaranteed by design, not tested in production. www.onsemi.com 13 NCP81232 Table 1. RESISTOR OPTIONS FOR FUNCTION PROGRAMMING Resistance Range (kW) Resistor Options (kW) Min Typ Max ±5% 2.565 2.7 2.835 2.7 2.61 2.67 4.845 5.1 5.355 5.1 4.87 7.79 8.2 8.61 8.2 7.87 12.35 13 13.65 13 19 20 21 31.35 33 34.65 ±1% 2.74 2.80 4.99 5.11 5.23 8.06 8.25 8.45 12.4 12.7 13 13.3 20 19.1 19.6 20 20.5 33 31.6 32.4 33.2 34 www.onsemi.com 14 NCP81232 DETAILED DESCRIPTION General same channel are paralleled together in output of power stage with a common voltage−sense feedback. All the input pins of voltage sense and current senses in unused channel and phases can be left float. For single−channel configuration, EN2 pin is recommended to be pulled low to ground. The NCP81232, a dual−channel/multi−phase synchronous buck controller, provides power management solutions for various applications supported by DrMOS. It has 8 programmable power−stage configurations, differential voltage and current sense, flexible power sequence programming, and comprehensive protections. Operation Modes The NCP81232 has eight programmable operation configurations as shown in Figure 7. All the phases in the (1) PWM1+PWM4 (2) PWM1&PWM2+PWM4 OSC OSC PWM1 PWM1 PWM2 PWM4 PWM4 (3) PWM1&PWM2&PWM3+PWM4 (4) PWM1&PWM2+PWM3&PWM4 OSC OSC PWM1 PWM1 PWM2 PWM2 PWM3 PWM3 PWM4 PWM4 (1) Dual Channel Operation (5) PWM1 (6) PWM1&PWM2 OSC OSC PWM1 PWM1 PWM2 (7) PWM1&PWM2&PWM3 (8) PWM1&PWM2&PWM3&PWM4 OSC OSC PWM1 PWM1 PWM2 PWM2 PWM3 PWM3 PWM4 (2) Single Channel Operation Figure 7. 8 Programmable Configurations and Interleaved Operation Among Phases Soft Start programmable delay time TDLY after the device is enabled and both VCC5V and DRVON are ready. The device is able to start up smoothly under an output pre−biased condition without discharging the output before ramping up. The NCP81232 has a soft start function and the soft start time is externally programmed at SS pin. The output starts to ramp up following a system reset period TRST and a www.onsemi.com 15 NCP81232 VCC5V VCC5V VCCOK DRVON DRVON VDRVON_OK EN EN TRST T DLY T SS TRST T d_PGOOD Vout Vout PGOOD PGOOD Tri−State PWM T DLY T SS T d_PGOOD Tri−State PWM (1) VCC5V and DRVON Ready before EN (2) VCC5V and DRVON Ready after EN Figure 8. Timing Diagrams of Power Up Sequence VCC5V VCC5V DRVON DRVON EN EN VDRVON_F V DRVON_OK TRST Vout Vout PGOOD PGOOD PWM Tri−State Td_PGOOD Tri −State PWM Figure 9. Timing Diagram of Power Down Sequence T SS Figure 10. Timing Diagram of DRVON UVLO www.onsemi.com 16 NCP81232 VCC OK VCC UVLO VCC 5V VDRVON_TH EN_Int DRV ON IDRVON_HYS VEN_TH EN IEN_HYS Figure 11. Enable, DRVON, and VCC UVLO Enable and Input UVLO The low threshold in ENABLE signal is The NCP81232 is enabled when the voltage at EN pin is higher than an internal threshold VEN_TH = 0.8 V. A hysteresis can be programmed by an external resistor REN connected to EN pin as shown in Figure 12. The high threshold in ENABLE signal is V EN_H + V EN_TH V EN_L + V EN_TH * V EN_HYS (eq. 2) The programmable hysteresis in ENABLE signal is V EN_HYS + I EN_HYS @ R EN (eq. 3) (eq. 1) VEN_TH EN_Int VEN_H VEN_L ENABLE EN REN IEN_HYS Figure 12. Enable and Hysteresis Programming A UVLO function for input power supply can be implemented at EN pins. As shown in Figure 13, the UVLO thresholds and hysteresis can be programmed by two external resistors. V IN_H + ǒ R EN1 R EN2 Ǔ ) 1 @ V EN_TH (eq. 4) www.onsemi.com 17 V IN_L + V IN_H * V IN_HYS (eq. 5) V IN_HYS + I EN_HYS @ R EN1 (eq. 6) NCP81232 VIN_H VEN_TH EN_Int VIN_L VIN REN1 EN REN2 IEN_HYS Figure 13. Enable and Input Supply UVLO Circuit To avoid undefined operation, EN pins cannot be left float in applications. DDR Mode Operation EN DLY2 / DDR COMP2 VTT+ VTT− VTT_S DLY 2/DDR Detector VSN1 DIFFOUT1 0.6V DAC2 OTP2 / REFIN FB2 DIFFOUT2 VSN2 VSP2 Out High if pin is grounded. VDDQ_S VDDQ− VSP1 EN2 EN1 COMP2 VDDQ+ Figure 14. Block Diagram of DDR Mode Operation external resistor divider, which is connected from DIFFOUT2 to GND, is applied to obtain an expected VTT voltage considering FB2 voltage is 0.6V as REFIN. In DDR mode, two channels have independent fault detections and protections but have hiccup together if anyone of them needs to start a hiccup. If DLY2/DDR pin is shorted to GND before the NCP81232 starts up, as shown in Figure 14, the device is internally configured to operate in DDR mode. In DDR mode, the channel 1 provides power for VDDQ rail and the channel 2 provides power for VTT rail. The two enable pins need to be connected together, and the CNFG pin can be programmed to be one of the four dual−channel options (1+1, 2+1, 3+1, 2+2). The both channels have the same delay time programmed at DLY1 pin, and VTT rail always tracks with VDDQ/2. An external resistor divider, which is connected from DIFFOUT1 to GND, is employed to get 0.6V at REFIN pin in steady−state operation. Another Output Voltage Sensing and Regulation The NCP81233 has a differential voltage−sense amplifier. As shown in Figure 15, the remote voltage sensing points are connected to input pins VSP and VSN of the differential www.onsemi.com 18 NCP81232 detection at FB pin. If FB voltage is over VOVTH_L (660 mV typical) for more than 1us, the first over voltage protection OVPL is triggered and PGOOD is pulled low. In the meanwhile, all the high−side MOSFETs are turned off and all the low−side MOSFETs are turned on. A negative current protection in low−side MOSFETs is active in this protection level, and it turns off low−side MOSFET for at least 50 ns if negative current is over the limit. However, in a worse case that FB voltage rises to be over VOVTH_H (720 mV typical) for more than 1us, the second level over voltage protection OVPH takes in charge. As same as the first level OVP, all the high−side MOSFETs are turned off and all the low−side MOSFETs are turned on, but the negative current protection is disabled. The over voltage protection can be cleared once FB voltage drops 20 mV lower than VOVTH_L, and then the system comes back to normal operation. OVPH detection starts from the beginning of soft−start time TSS and ends in shutdown and idle time of hiccup mode caused by other protections, while OVPL detection starts after PGOOD delay (Td_PGOOD) is expired and ends at the same time as OVPH. voltage−sense amplifier via a resistor network composed by RVS1, RVS2, and RVS3. In most of cases, RVS3 = 0 W or 100 W. To have enough operation headroom for the input pins of the differential amplifier, usually the input voltage VSP−VSN is designed to be not higher than 2.5 V. If VOUT > 2.5 V, VSP−VSN is divided down to be 2.5 V by the resistor network. With a given RVS2 like 1 kW, then the value of RVS1 can be obtained by R VS1 + ǒV OUT * 2.5Ǔ @ R VS3 2.5 * R VS3 (eq. 7) If VOUT ≤ 2.5 V, RVS1 = 0 W and RVS2 can be left open. DIFFOUT pin, the output of the differential amplifier, is fed to FB pin of the error amplifier in the same channel. The resistance of RFB1 between DIFFOUT and FB can be selected in a range from 500 W to 50 kW having a typical value of 10 kW. The resistance of RFB2 from FB to GND can be calculated by 0.6 @ R FB1 R FB2 + R R VS2 )R VS2 VS1 )R VS3 (eq. 8) * 0.6 Under Voltage Protection (UVP) RVS1 VSP RVS2 VSN The NCP81232 pulls PGOOD low and turns off both high−side and low−side MOSFETs once FB voltage drops below VUVTH (540 mV typical) for more than 1.5 ms. Under voltage protection operates in a hiccup mode. A normal power up sequence happens after a hiccup interval. UVP detection starts when PGOOD delay (Td_PGOOD) is expired right after a soft start, and ends in shutdown and idle time of hiccup mode. Vout RVS3 DIFFOUT FB COMP Over Current Protection (OCP) The NCP81232 senses phase currents by differential current sense amplifiers and provides a cycle−by−cycle over current protection for each phase. If OCP happens in all the phases of the same channel and lasts for more than 8 times of switching cycle, the channel shuts down and enters into a hiccup mode. The channel may enter into hiccup mode sooner due to the under voltage protection in a case if the output voltage drops down very fast. RFB1 0.6V RFB2 GND Figure 15. Output Voltage Sensing and Regulation Over Voltage Protection (OVP) A two−level recoverable over voltage protection is employed in the NCP81232, which is based on voltage www.onsemi.com 19 NCP81232 ISP 6 ISN OCP ISP ISN RNTC RT2 ILMT RT3 RT1 VREF OTP ROTP2 OTP ROTP1 10uA (1) OTP Configuration 1 ISP 6 ISN OCP ISP ISN RILMT1 ILMT VREF RILIM2 0.6V OTP ROTP2 VT OTP ROTP1 10uA (2) OTP Configuration 2 Figure 16. Over−Current Protection and Over−Temperature Protection Over Temperature Protection (OTP) The over−current threshold can be externally programmed at the ILIM pin for each channel. As shown in Figure 16 (1), a NTC resistor RNTC can be employed for temperature compensated over current protection. The peak current limit per phase can be calculated by V ISP * V ISN + 1 @ 6 R T3 R @R R T1 ) R T2)RNTC ) R T3 T2 The NCP81232 provides over temperature protection for each channel. To serve different types of DrMOS, one of two internal configurations of OTP detection can be selected at SS pin combined with a soft start time programming. With OTP Configuration 1, as shown in Figure 16 (1), the NTC resistor RNTC senses the hot−spot temperature and changes the voltage at ILMT pin. Both over−temperature threshold and hysteresis are externally programmed at OTP pin by a resistor divider. Once the voltage at ILMT pin is higher than the voltage at OTP pin, OTP trips and the channel is shut down. The channel will have a normal start up after a hiccup interval in condition that the temperature drops below the OTP reset threshold. The OTP assertion threshold VOTP and reset threshold VOTP_RST can be calculated by (eq. 9) @ V REF NTC If no temperature compensation is needed, as shown in Figure 16 (2), the peak current limit per phase can be simply set by V ISP * V ISN + R ILIM2 1 @ @ V REF 6 R ILIM1 ) R ILIM2 (eq. 10) OCP detection starts from the beginning of soft−start time TSS, and ends in shutdown and idle time of hiccup mode. www.onsemi.com 20 NCP81232 V OTP + V REF ) I OTP_HYS @ R OTP1 happens. The OTP assertion threshold VOTP and reset threshold VOTP_RST in this configuration can be obtained by (eq. 11) R 1 ) ROTP1 ǒ OTP2 V OTP_RST + V T_OTP + 1 ) V REF @ R OTP2 The corresponding OTP temperature TOTP and reset temperature TOTP_RST can be calculated by T OTP + ǒ ln R ńR NTC B T OTP_RST + Ǔ NTC * 273.15 ǒ ńR NTC_OTPRST Ǔ NTC B 1 ) 25)273.15 R *R T_OTP R T_OTPRST + ǒ (eq. 15) 1 R 1 R ǒ * T2 1 R NTC_OTPRST + R T_OTP + T1 *R T_OTPRST V REF V OTP T1 * 1 R V OTP_RST Ǔ Ǔ (eq. 16) T2 * 1 @ R T3 V REF (eq. 19) * 1 @ R T3 ǒ 0.6 R OTP2 Ǔ * I OTP_HYS @ R OTP1 ) 0.6 (eq. 20) The NCP81232 has an internal thermal shutdown protection to protect the device from overheating in an extreme case that the die temperature exceeds 150°C. TSD detection is activated when VCC5V and at least one of ENs are valid. Once the thermal protection is triggered, the whole chip shuts down and all PWM signals are in high impedance. If the temperature drops below 125°C, the system automatically recovers and a normal power sequence follows. (eq. 14) 1 1 @ 0.6 Thermal Shutdown (TSD) * 273.15 where R NTC_OTP + Ǔ OTP detection starts from the beginning of soft−start time TSS, and ends in shutdown and idle time of hiccup mode. (eq. 13) 1 ln R V T_OTP_RST + 1 25)273.15 ) R OTP2 (eq. 12) R OTP1 ) R OTP2 1 R OTP1 FAULT Indicator The NCP81232 has a comprehensive fault indicator by means of a cycle−by−cycle fault signal output from FAULT pin. Figure 17 shows a typical timing diagram of FAULT signal. FAULT signal is composed of ALEART and two portions of fault flags for the two channels, having a total cycle period of 36 ms. A corresponding fault flag is asserted to high once the fault happens. The periodic fault signal starts from the point where any fault has been confirmed and ends after PGOOD is asserted again. Note the last FAULT cycle has to be complete after PGOOD assertion. (eq. 17) (eq. 18) With OTP Configuration 2, as shown in Figure 16 (2), the NCP81232 receives an external signal VT linearly representing temperature and compares to an internal 0.6 V reference voltage. If the voltage is over the threshold OTP www.onsemi.com 21 NCP81232 PGOOD1 / PGOOD2 FAULT ALERT Start 4 4 OC 1 1 Channel 1 Channel 2 Fault Flags Fault Flags OT UV OV L Interval OV H 2 OC OT UV 4 OV L OV H End 4 36 Figure 17. Timing Diagram of FAULT Signal LAYOUT GUIDELINES • Ground: It would be good to have separated ground Electrical Layout Considerations Good electrical layout is a key to make sure proper operation, high efficiency, and noise reduction. Electrical layout guidelines are: • Power Paths: Use wide and short traces for power paths (such as VIN, VOUT, SW, and PGND) in power stages to reduce parasitic inductance and high−frequency loop area. It is also good for efficiency improvement. • Power Supply Decoupling: The devices should be well decoupled by input capacitors and input loop area should be as small as possible to reduce parasitic inductance, input voltage spike, and noise emission. Usually, a small low−ESL MLCC is placed very close to VIN and PGND pins. • VCC Decoupling: Place decoupling caps as close as possible to VCC5V pin of the NCP81232 and VCCP pins of DrMOS. • Switching Node: Each SW node in power stages should be a copper pour, but compact because it is also a noise source. • Bootstrap: The bootstrap cap and an option resistor per phase need to be very close and directly connected between bootstrap pin and SW pin of DrMOS. • • • planes for power ground PGND and analog ground GND and connect the two planes at one point. Voltage Sense: Use Kelvin sense pair and arrange a “quiet” path for the differential output voltage sense. Careful layout for multi−phase locations and output capacitor distribution would help to get even voltage ripple at the voltage sensing point, and have better current balance as well. Current Sense: Use Kelvin sense pair and arrange a “quiet” path for the differential current sense per phase. Careful layout for current sensing is critical for jitter minimization, accurate current limiting, and good current balance. The current−sense filter capacitors and resistors should be close to the controller. The temperature compensating thermistor should be placed as close as possible to the inductor. The wiring path should be kept as short as possible but well away from the switch nodes. Compensation Network: The small feedback capacitor from COMP to FB should be as close to the controller as possible. Keep the FB traces short to minimize their capacitance to ground. www.onsemi.com 22 NCP81232 • More free vias are welcome to be around DrMOS and Thermal Layout Considerations Good thermal layout helps high power dissipation from a small package with reduced temperature rise. Thermal layout guidelines are: • The exposed pads must be well soldered on the board. • A four or more layers PCB board with solid ground planes is preferred for better heat dissipation. • • underneath the exposed pads to connect the inner ground layers to reduce thermal impedance. Use large area copper pour to help thermal conduction and radiation. Do not put the inductor to be too close to the DrMOS, thus the heat sources are decentralized. www.onsemi.com 23 NCP81232 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS QFN40 5x5, 0.4P CASE 485CR ISSUE C PIN ONE LOCATION 0.15 C L2 A B D ÉÉÉ ÉÉÉ ÉÉÉ NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS. 3. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO PLATED TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN 0.15 AND 0.30mm FROM THE TERMINAL TIP. 4. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS. L2 DETAIL A E DIM A A1 A3 b D D2 E E2 e L L1 L2 L L L1 0.15 C TOP VIEW DETAIL B 0.10 C DETAIL A ALTERNATE TERMINAL CONSTRUCTIONS (A3) ÉÉ ÉÉ A 0.08 C A1 SIDE VIEW NOTE 4 EXPOSED Cu C SEATING PLANE MOLD CMPD DETAIL B 0.10 M D2 DETAIL A RECOMMENDED SOLDERING FOOTPRINT* ALTERNATE CONSTRUCTION C A B MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 0.80 1.00 −−− 0.05 0.20 REF 0.15 0.25 5.00 BSC 3.40 3.60 5.00 BSC 3.40 3.60 0.40 BSC 0.30 0.50 −−− 0.15 0.12 REF 5.30 40X 0.63 3.64 11 0.10 21 M C A B 1 E2 5.30 3.64 1 40X L 40 e e/2 BOTTOM VIEW 40X b 0.10 M C A B 0.05 M C PKG OUTLINE NOTE 3 0.40 PITCH 40X 0.25 DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS *For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D. 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