AMIS30512 D

AMIS-30512
Micro-Stepping Motor Driver
Introduction
Key Features
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PIN ASSIGNMENT
DO
VDD
GND
DI
CLK
NXT
DIR
ERR
SLA
CPN
CPP
VCP
• Dual H−Bridge for 2−phase Stepper Motors
• Programmable Peak−current up to 800 mA Using a 5−bit Current
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DAC
On−chip Current Translator
SPI Interface
Speed and Load Angle Output
Seven Step Modes from Full−step up to 32 Micro−steps
Fully Integrated Current−sense
PWM Current Control with Automatic Selection of Fast and Slow
Decay
Low EMC PWM with Selectable Voltage Slopes
Active Fly−back Diodes
Full Output Protection and Diagnosis
Thermal Warning and Shutdown
Compatible with 3.3 V Microcontrollers, 5 V Tolerant Inputs
Integrated 5 V Regulator to Supply External Microcontroller
Integrated Reset Function to Reset External Microcontroller
Integrated Watchdog Function
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2008
September, 2008 − Rev. 1
1
AMIS30512
The AMIS−30512 is a micro−stepping stepper motor driver for
bipolar stepper motors. The chip is connected through I/O pins and a
SPI interface with an external microcontroller. It has an on−chip
voltage regulator, reset−output and watchdog reset, able to supply
peripheral devices. The AMIS−30512 contains a current−translation
table and takes the next micro−step depending on the clock signal on
the “NXT” input pin and the status of the “DIR” (=direction) register
or input pin. The chip provides a so−called “speed and load angle”
output. This allows the creation of stall detection algorithms and
control loops based on load−angle to adjust torque and speed. It is
using a proprietary PWM algorithm for reliable current control.
The AMIS−30512 is implemented in I2T100 technology, enabling
both high−voltage analog circuitry and digital functionality on the
same chip. The chip is fully compatible with the automotive voltage
requirements.
The AMIS−30512 is ideally suited for general−purpose stepper
motor applications in the automotive, industrial, medical, and marine
environment.
TSTO
POR/WD
VBB
MOTXP
GND
MOTXN
MOTYN
GND
MOTYP
VBB
CS
CLR
(Top View)
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
AMIS30512
Package
Shipping
SOIC 24
Tape & Reel
Publication Order Number:
AMIS−30512/D
AMIS−30512
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Pin List and Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Typical Application Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SPI Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Soldering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Package Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
CLK
Timebase
VDD
CPN CPP VCP
Vreg
Chargepump
POR
EMC
CS
DI
OTP
SPI
DO
NXT
DIR
Logic &
Registers
Load
Angle
SLA
T
R
A
N
S
L
A
T
O
R
Temp.
Sense
POR/WD
CLR
Band−
gap
ERR
VBB
I−sense
EMC
P
W
M
P
W
M
AMIS30512
GND
Figure 1. Block Diagram
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2
MOTXN
MOTYP
MOTYN
I−sense
TST0
MOTXP
AMIS−30512
Table 1. Pin List and Descriptions
Name
Pin
Description
DO
1
SPI data output (open drain)
VDD
2
Logic Supply Input (needs external decoupling capacitor)
GND
3
Ground
DI
4
SPI data in
CLK
5
SPI clock input
NXT
6
Next micro−step input
DIR
7
Direction input
ERR
8
Error Output (open drain)
SLA
9
Speed Load Angle Output
CPN
10
Negative connection of charge pump capacitor
CPP
11
Positive connection of charge pump capacitor
VCP
12
Charge−pump filter−capacitor
CLR
13
“Clear” = Chip Reset input
CS
14
SPI chip select input
VBB
15
High Voltage Supply Input
MOTYP
16
Negative end of phase Y coil output
GND
17
Ground
MOTYN
18
Positive end of phase Y coil output
MOTXN
19
Positive end of phase X coil output
GND
20
Ground
MOTXP
21
Negative end of phase X coil output
VBB
22
High Voltage Supply Input
POR/WD
23
Power−on−reset (POR) and watchdog reset output (open drain)
TST0
24
Test pin input (to be tied to ground in normal operation)
Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Units
VBB
Analog DC supply voltage (Note 1)
−0.3
+40
V
Tstrg
Storage temperature
−55
+160
°C
Tamb
Ambient temperature under bias
−50
+150
°C
VESD
Electrostatic discharges on component level (Note 2)
−2
+2
kV
Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the
Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect
device reliability.
1. For limited time < 0.5 s.
2. Human body model (100 pF via 1.5 kW, according to JEDEC EIA−JESD22−A114−B).
Table 3. Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Min.
Max.
Units
Analog DC supply
+6
+30
V
Ta
Ambient temperature VBB ≤ +18
−40
+125
°C
Ta
Ambient temperature VBB ≤ +30
−40
+85
°C
Tj
Junction temperature
+160
°C
VBB
NOTE:
Parameter
Operating ranges define the limits for functional operation and parametric characteristics of the device. Note that the functionality
of the chip outside these operating ranges is not guaranteed. Operating outside the recommended operating ranges for extended
periods of time may affect device reliability.
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3
AMIS−30512
Table 4. DC Parameters (The DC parameters are given for VBB and temperature in their operating ranges unless otherwise
specified. Convention: currents flowing in the circuit are defined as positive.)
Symbol
Pin(s)
Parameter
Remark/Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
30
V
8
mA
5.25
V
SUPPLY INPUTS
VBB
VBB
IBB
Nominal operating supply
range
Total current consumption
VDD
VDD
Unloaded outputs
Regulated output voltage
ILOAD
Max. output current
IDDLIM
Current limitation
ILOAD_PD
6
4.75
6 V < VBB < 8 V
20
8 V < VBB < 30 V
50
5
mA
mA
VDD shorted to ground
Output current in power down
200
1
mA
mA
POWER−ON−RESET (POR)
VDD
VDDH
VDDL
Internal POR comparator
threshold
VDD rising
4.0
4.25
4.4
V
Internal POR comparator
threshold
VDD falling
3.68
V
Tj < Tstd
800
mA
MOTORDRIVER
Max current through motor coil
in normal operation
IMDmax,Peak
IMDabs
Absolute error on coil current
−10
10
%
IMDrel
Error on current ratio
Icoilx / Icoily
−7
7
%
ISET_TC
Temperature coefficient of coil
current set−level,
CUR[4:0] = 0 ..31
RHS
RLS3
MOTXP
MOTXN
MOTYP
MOTYN
On−resistance high−side
driver, CUR[4:0] = 0...31;
Range 0...3
On−resistance low−side driver,
CUR[4:0] = 23...31; Range 3
RLS2
On−resistance low−side driver,
CUR[4:0] = 16...22; Range 2
RLS1
On−resistance low−side driver,
CUR[4:0] = 9...15; Range 1
RLS0
On−resistance low−side driver,
CUR[4:0] = 0...8; Range 0
IMpd
Pull−down current
−40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 160°C
−240
ppm/°C
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 27°C
0.45
0.56
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 160°C
0.94
1.25
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 27°C
0.45
0.56
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 160°C
0.94
1.25
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 27°C
0.90
1.2
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 160°C
1.9
2.5
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 27°C
1.8
2.3
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 160°C
3.8
5.0
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 27°C
3.6
4.5
W
Vbb = 12 V, Tj = 160°C
7.5
10
W
HiZ mode
0.5
mA
LOGIC INPUTS
Ileak
VIL
VIH
Input leakage (Note 3)
DI, CLK
NXT, DIR Logic low threshold
CLR, CSB Logic high threshold
Tj = 160°C
1
mA
0
0.65
V
2.20
VDD
V
Rpd_CLR
CLR
Internal pull−down resistor
120
300
kW
Rpd_TST
TST0
Internal pull−down resistor
3
9
kW
3. Not valid for pins with internal pull−down resistor
4. No more than 100 cumulated hours in life time above Ttw
5. Thermal shutdown and low temperature warning are derived from thermal warning.
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AMIS−30512
Table 4. DC Parameters (The DC parameters are given for VBB and temperature in their operating ranges unless otherwise
specified. Convention: currents flowing in the circuit are defined as positive.)
Symbol
Pin(s)
Parameter
Remark/Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
0.5
V
152
°C
LOGICAL OUTPUTS
VOL
DO,
ERRB,
POR/WD
Logic Low level open drain
IOL = 5 mA
THERMAL WARNING AND SHUTDOWN
Thermal warning
Ttw
Ttsd
(Notes 4,5)
138
145
Thermal shutdown
Ttw + 20
°C
2 * VBB – 2.5
V
CHARGE PUMP
Vcp
VCP
Output voltage
6 V < VBB < 15 V
15 V < VBB < 30 V
Cbuffer
Cpump
CPP CPN
VBB+11
VBB+12.8
VBB+15
V
External buffer capacitor
180
220
470
nF
External pump capacitor
180
220
470
nF
0.5
4.5
V
-25
25
mV
SPEED AND LOAD ANGLE OUTPUT
Vout
SLA
Output voltage range
Voff
Output offset the SLA pin
0.2 V < Vsla < Vdd − 0,2 V
Rout
Output resistance SLA pin
1
kW
Cload
Load capacitance SLA pin
50
pF
Gsla
Gain of SLA pin =
VBEMF / VCOIL
SLAG=0
SLAG=1
0,5
0,25
3. Not valid for pins with internal pull−down resistor
4. No more than 100 cumulated hours in life time above Ttw
5. Thermal shutdown and low temperature warning are derived from thermal warning.
Table 5. AC Parameters (The AC parameters are given for VBB and temperature in their operating ranges.)
Symbol
Pin(s)
Parameter
Remark/Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
3.6
4
4.4
MHz
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
Frequency of internal oscillator
fosc
MOTORDRIVER
fPWM
fJF
fDF
TS_RISE
TS_FALL
tOC
MOTXP
MOTXN
MOTYP
MOTYN
PWM frequency
<PWMF> = 0
20.8
22.8
24.8
kHz
Double PWM frequency
<PWMF> = 1
41.6
45.6
49.6
kHz
PWM Jitter frequency
Not measured in production
50
Hz
7
% fPWM
EMC[1:0] = 00
150
V/ms
EMC[1:0] = 01
100
V/ms
EMC[1:0] = 10
50
V/ms
EMC[1:0] = 11
25
V/ms
EMC[1:0] = 00
150
V/ms
EMC[1:0] = 01
100
V/ms
EMC[1:0] = 10
50
V/ms
EMC[1:0] = 11
25
V/ms
200
ms
PWM Jitter depth
turn-on voltage slope, 10% to 90%
IMD = 800 mA
turn-off voltage slope, 90% to 10%
IMD = 800 mA
Open coil detection time
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AMIS−30512
Table 5. AC Parameters (The AC parameters are given for VBB and temperature in their operating ranges.)
Symbol
Pin(s)
Parameter
Remark/Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
50
ns
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
tH2L
DO
ERRB
Output fall-time from VinH to VinL
Capacitive load 50 pF
CHARGE PUMP
fCP
CPN
CPP
tCPU
MOTxx
Charge pump frequency
250
Start-up time of charge pump
For typ. value Cbuffer and
Cpump
kHz
2
ms
90
ms
CLR FUNCTION
tCLR
CLR
Hard reset duration time
20
NXT FUNCTION
NXT
NXT minimum, high pulse width
See Figure 2
2
ms
tNXT_LO
NXT minimum, low pulse width
See Figure 2
2
ms
tDIR_SET
NXT hold time, following change of DIR
See Figure 2
0.5
ms
NXT hold time, before change of DIR
See Figure 2
0.5
ms
tNXT_HI
tDIR_HOLD
POWER-UP
tPU
POR/
WD
tPD
Power-up time
VBB = 12 V, ILOAD = 50 mA,
CLOAD = 220 nF. See Figure 3
110
ms
Power-down time
VBB = 12 V, ILOAD = 50 mA,
CLOAD = 220 nF. . See Figure 3
110
ms
tPOR
Reset duration
See Figure 3
100
ms
tRF
Reset filter time
See Figure 3
1
ms
Watchdog time out interval
See Figure 3
Prohibited watchdog acknowledge delay
See Figure 3
WATCHDOG
tWDTO
tWDPR
tWDRD
POR/
WD
32
Watchdog reset delay
tNXT_HI
0,5 VCC
NXT
tDIR_SET
DIR
tNXT_LO
ÏÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏ
tDIR_HOLD
VALID
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Figure 2. NXT−input Timing Diagram
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6
512
ms
2
ms
1
ms
AMIS−30512
VBB
t
VDD
tPD
tPU
VDDH
VDDL
t
< tRF
POR/WD pin
tPOR
tRF
Figure 3. Power−on−Reset Timing Diagram
VBB
t
VDD
tPU
VDDH
t
tPOR
POR/WD pin
tWDRD tPOR
tDSPI
Enable WD
= tWDPR or = tWDTO
> tWDPR and < tWDTO
Acknowledge WD
t
tWDTO
WD timer
t
Figure 4. Watchdog Timing Diagram
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AMIS−30512
Table 6. SPI Timing Parameters
Symbol
tCLK
Parameter
Min.
SPI clock period
Typ.
Max.
Unit
1
ms
tCLK_HIGH
SPI clock high time
100
ns
tCLK_LOW
SPI clock low time
100
ns
DI set up time, valid data before rising edge of CLK
50
ns
DI hold time, hold data after rising edge of CLK
50
ns
tCSB_HIGH
CSB high time
2.5
ms
tSET_CSB
CSB set up time, CSB low before rising edge of CLK
100
ns
tSET_CLK
CLK set up time, CLK low before rising edge of CSB
100
ns
tSET_DI
tHOLD_DI
0,2 VCC
CS
tSET_CSB
0,2 VCC
tCLK
tSET_CLK
0,8 VCC
CLK
0,2 VCC
0,2 VCC
tCLK_HI
DI
ÏÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏ
tSET_DI
tCLK_LO
tHOLD_DI
0,8 VCC
VALID
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Figure 5. SPI Timing
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AMIS−30512
100 nF
C5
C4
R4
R3
R2
100 nF
100 nF
D1
100 nF
C2
C3
VDD
VBB
VBAT
C1
100 mF
C6
VBB
220 nF
VCP
POR/WD
CPN
DIR
NXT
220 nF
CPP
MOTXP
DO
DI
AMIS−30512
CLK
mC
C7
MOTXN
CS
M
MOTYP
CLR
ERR
MOTYN
SLA
C8
R1
GND
Figure 6. Typical Application Schematic
Table 7. External Components List and Description
Component
Typ. Value
Tolerance
Unit
VBB buffer capacitor (Note 6)
100
−20 +80%
mF
VBB decoupling block capacitor
100
−20 +80%
nF
C4
VDD buffer capacitor
220
±20%
nF
C5
VDD buffer capacitor
100
±20%
nF
C6
Charge pump buffer capacitor
220
±20%
nF
C7
Charge pump pumping capacitor
220
±20%
nF
C8
Low pass filter SLA
1
±20%
nF
R1
Low pass filter SLA
5.6
±1%
kW
4.7
±1%
kW
C1
C2, C3
R2, R3, R4
D1
Function
Pull up resistor
Optional reverse protection diode
e.g. 1N4003
6. Low ESR < 1 Ohm.
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AMIS−30512
Functional Description
H−Bridge Drivers
Depending on the desired current range and the
micro−step position at hand, the Rdson of the low−side
transistors will be adapted such that excellent current−sense
accuracy is maintained. The Rdson of the high−side
transistors remain unchanged, see Table 4: DC Parameters
for more details.
A full H−bridge is integrated for each of the two stator
windings. Each H−bridge consists of two low−side and two
high−side N−type MOSFET switches. Writing logic ‘0’ in
bit <MOTEN> disables all drivers (high−impedance).
Writing logic ‘1’ in this bit enables both bridges and current
can flow in the motor stator windings.
In order to avoid large currents through the H−bridge
switches, it is guaranteed that the top− and bottom−switches
of the same half−bridge are never conductive
simultaneously (interlock delay).
A two−stage protection against shorts on motor lines is
implemented. In a first stage, the current in the driver is
limited. Secondly, when excessive voltage is sensed across
the transistor, the transistor is switched−off.
In order to reduce the radiated/conducted emission,
voltage slope control is implemented in the output switches.
The output slope is defined by the gate−drain capacitance of
output transistor and the (limited) current that drives the
gate. There are two trimming bits for slope control
(Table 25: SPI Control Parameter Overview EMC[1:0]).
The power transistors are equipped with so−called “active
diodes”: when a current is forced through the transistor
switch in the reverse direction, i.e. from source to drain, then
the transistor is switched on. This ensures that most of the
current flows through the channel of the transistor instead of
through the inherent parasitic drain−bulk diode.
PWM Current Control
A PWM comparator compares continuously the actual
winding current with the requested current and feeds back
the information to a digital regulation loop. This loop then
generates a PWM signal, which turns on/off the H−bridge
switches. The switching points of the PWM duty−cycle are
synchronized to the on−chip PWM clock. The frequency of
the PWM controller can be doubled and an artificial jitter
can be added (Table 14: SPI Control Register 1). The PWM
frequency will not vary with changes in the supply voltage.
Also variations in motor−speed or load−conditions of the
motor have no effect. There are no external components
required to adjust the PWM frequency.
Automatic Forward and Slow−Fast Decay
The PWM generation is in steady−state using a
combination of forward and slow−decay. The absence of
fast−decay in this mode, guarantees the lowest possible
current−ripple “by design”. For transients to lower current
levels, fast−decay is automatically activated to allow
high−speed response. The selection of fast or slow decay is
completely transparent for the user and no additional
parameters are required for operation.
Icoil
Set value
Actual value
t
0
TPWM
Forward & Slow Decay
Forward & Slow Decay
Fast Decay & Forward
Figure 7. Forward and Slow/Fast Decay PWM
parameters for operation. The over−all current−ripple is
divided by two if PWM frequency is doubled (Table 14: SPI
Control Register 1).
In case the supply voltage is lower than 2*Bemf, then the
duty cycle of the PWM is adapted automatically to >50% to
maintain the requested average current in the coils. This
process is completely automatic and requires no additional
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AMIS−30512
Icoil
Duty Cycle
< 50%
Duty Cycle > 50%
Duty Cycle < 50%
Actual value
Set value
t
TPWM
Figure 8. Automatic Duty Cycle Adaptation
Step Translator
mode, the translator jumps to position 0* of the
corresponding stepping mode. When remaining in the same
step mode, subsequent translator positions are all in the same
column and increased or decreased with 1. Table 9 lists the
output current versus the translator position.
As shown in Figure 9 the output current−pairs can be
projected approximately on a circle in the (Ix,Iy) plane.
There is, however, one exception: uncompensated half step.
In this step mode the currents are not regulated to a fraction
of Imax but are in all intermediate steps regulated at 100
percent. In the (Ix,Iy) plane the current−pairs are projected
on a square. Table 8 lists the output current versus the
translator position for this case.
Step Mode
The step translator provides the control of the motor by
means of SPI register Stepmode: SM[2:0], SPI register
DIRCNTRL, and input pins DIR and NXT. It is translating
consecutive steps in corresponding currents in both motor
coils for a given step mode.
One out of seven possible stepping modes can be selected
through SPI−bits SM[2:0] (Table 26: SPI Control Parameter
Overview SM[2:0]) After power−on or hard reset, the
coil−current translator is set to the default 1/32
micro−stepping at position ‘0’. Upon changing the step
Table 8. Square Translator Table for Full Step and Uncompensated Half Step
Stepmode ( SM[2:0] )
% of Imax
101
110
MSP[6:0]
Uncompensated Half−Step
Full Step
Coil x
Coil y
000 0000
0*
−
0
100
001 0000
1
1
100
100
010 0000
2
−
100
0
011 0000
3
2
100
−100
100 0000
4
−
0
−100
101 0000
5
3
−100
−100
110 0000
6
−
−100
0
111 0000
7
0*
−100
100
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AMIS−30512
Table 9. Circular Translator Table
Stepmode ( SM[2:0] )
% of Imax
000
001
010
011
100
MSP[6:0]
1/32
1/16
1/8
1/4
1/2
000 0000
‘0’
0*
0*
0*
0*
0
100
000 0001
1
-
-
-
-
3.5
98.8
000 0010
2
1
-
-
-
8.1
97.7
000 0011
3
-
-
-
-
12.7
96.5
000 0100
4
2
1
-
-
17.4
95.3
000 0101
5
-
-
-
-
22.1
94.1
000 0110
6
3
-
-
-
26.7
93
000 0111
7
-
-
-
-
31.4
91.8
000 1000
8
4
2
1
-
34.9
89.5
Coil x
Coil y
000 1001
9
-
-
-
-
38.3
87.2
000 1010
10
5
-
-
-
43
84.9
000 1011
11
-
-
-
-
46.5
82.6
000 1100
12
6
3
-
-
50
79
000 1101
13
-
-
-
-
54.6
75.5
000 1110
14
7
-
-
-
58.1
72.1
000 1111
15
-
-
-
-
61.6
68.6
001 0000
16
8
4
2
1
65.1
65.1
001 0001
17
-
-
-
-
68.6
61.6
001 0010
18
9
-
-
-
72.1
58.1
001 0011
19
-
-
-
-
75.5
54.6
001 0100
20
10
5
-
-
79
50
001 0101
21
-
-
-
-
82.6
46.5
001 0110
22
11
-
-
-
84.9
43
001 0111
23
-
-
-
-
87.2
38.3
001 1000
24
12
6
3
-
89.5
34.9
001 1001
25
-
-
-
-
91.8
31.4
001 1010
26
13
-
-
-
93
26.7
001 1011
27
-
-
-
-
94.1
22.1
001 1100
28
14
7
-
-
95.3
17.4
001 1101
29
-
-
-
-
96.5
12.7
001 1110
30
15
-
-
-
97.7
8.1
001 1111
31
-
-
-
-
98.8
3.5
010 0000
32
16
8
4
2
100
0
010 0001
33
-
-
-
-
98.8
-3.5
010 0010
34
17
-
-
-
97.7
-8.1
010 0011
35
-
-
-
-
96.5
-12.7
010 0100
36
18
9
-
-
95.3
-17.4
010 0101
37
-
-
-
-
94.1
-22.1
010 0110
38
19
-
-
-
93
-26.7
010 0111
39
-
-
-
-
91.8
-31.4
010 1000
40
20
10
5
-
89.5
-34.9
010 1001
41
-
-
-
-
87.2
-38.3
010 1010
42
21
-
-
-
84.9
-43
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12
AMIS−30512
Table 9. Circular Translator Table
Stepmode ( SM[2:0] )
% of Imax
000
001
010
011
100
MSP[6:0]
1/32
1/16
1/8
1/4
1/2
Coil x
Coil y
010 1011
43
-
-
-
-
82.6
-46.5
010 1100
44
22
11
-
-
79
-50
010 1101
45
-
-
-
-
75.5
-54.6
010 1110
46
23
-
-
-
72.1
-58.1
010 1111
47
-
-
-
-
68.6
-61.6
011 0000
48
24
12
6
3
65.1
-65.1
011 0001
49
-
-
-
-
61.6
-68.6
011 0010
50
25
-
-
-
58.1
-72.1
011 0011
51
-
-
-
-
54.6
-75.5
011 0100
52
26
13
-
-
50
-79
011 0101
53
-
-
-
-
46.5
-82.6
011 0110
54
27
-
-
-
43
-84.9
011 0111
55
-
-
-
-
38.3
-87.2
011 1000
56
28
14
7
-
34.9
-89.5
011 1001
57
-
-
-
-
31.4
-91.8
011 1010
58
29
-
-
-
26.7
-93
011 1011
59
-
-
-
-
22.1
-94.1
011 1100
60
30
15
-
-
17.4
-95.3
011 1101
61
-
-
-
-
12.7
-96.5
011 1110
62
31
-
-
-
8.1
-97.7
011 1111
63
-
-
-
-
3.5
-98.8
100 0000
64
32
16
8
4
0
-100
100 0001
65
-
-
-
-
-3.5
-98.8
100 0010
66
33
-
-
-
-8.1
-97.7
100 0011
67
-
-
-
-
-12.7
-96.5
100 0100
68
34
17
-
-
-17.4
-95.3
100 0101
69
-
-
-
-
-22.1
-94.1
100 0110
70
35
-
-
-
-26.7
-93
100 0111
71
-
-
-
-
-31.4
-91.8
100 1000
72
36
18
9
-
-34.9
-89.5
100 1001
73
-
-
-
-
-38.3
-87.2
100 1010
74
37
-
-
-
-43
-84.9
100 1011
75
-
-
-
-
-46.5
-82.6
100 1100
76
38
19
-
-
-50
-79
100 1101
77
-
-
-
-
-54.6
-75.5
100 1110
78
39
-
-
-
-58.1
-72.1
100 1111
79
-
-
-
-
-61.6
-68.6
101 0000
80
40
20
10
5
-65.1
-65.1
101 0001
81
-
-
-
-
-68.6
-61.6
101 0010
82
41
-
-
-
-72.1
-58.1
101 0011
83
-
-
-
-
-75.5
-54.6
101 0100
84
42
21
-
-
-79
-50
101 0101
85
-
-
-
-
-82.6
-46.5
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13
AMIS−30512
Table 9. Circular Translator Table
Stepmode ( SM[2:0] )
% of Imax
000
001
010
011
100
MSP[6:0]
1/32
1/16
1/8
1/4
1/2
Coil x
101 0110
86
43
-
-
-
-84.9
-43
101 0111
87
-
-
-
-
-87.2
-38.3
101 1000
88
44
22
11
-
-89.5
-34.9
101 1001
89
-
-
-
-
-91.8
-31.4
101 1010
90
45
-
-
-
-93
-26.7
101 1011
91
-
-
-
-
-94.1
-22.1
101 1100
92
46
23
-
-
-95.3
-17.4
101 1101
93
-
-
-
-
-96.5
-12.7
101 1110
94
47
-
-
-
-97.7
-8.1
Coil y
101 1111
95
-
-
-
-
-98.8
-3.5
110 0000
96
48
24
12
6
-100
0
110 0001
97
-
-
-
-
-98.8
3.5
110 0010
98
49
-
-
-
-97.7
8.1
110 0011
99
-
-
-
-
-96.5
12.7
110 0100
100
50
25
-
-
-95.3
17.4
110 0101
101
-
-
-
-
-94.1
22.1
110 0110
102
51
-
-
-
-93
26.7
110 0111
103
-
-
-
-
-91.8
31.4
110 1000
104
52
26
13
-
-89.5
34.9
110 1001
105
-
-
-
-
-87.2
38.3
110 1010
106
53
-
-
-
-84.9
43
110 1011
107
-
-
-
-
-82.6
46.5
110 1100
108
54
27
-
-
-79
50
110 1101
109
-
-
-
-
-75.5
54.6
110 1110
110
55
-
-
-
-72.1
58.1
110 1111
111
-
-
-
-
-68.6
61.6
111 0000
112
56
28
14
7
-65.1
65.1
111 0001
113
-
-
-
-
-61.6
68.6
111 0010
114
57
-
-
-
-58.1
72.1
111 0011
115
-
-
-
-
-54.6
75.5
111 0100
116
58
29
-
-
-50
79
111 0101
117
-
-
-
-
-46.5
82.6
111 0110
118
59
-
-
-
-43
84.9
111 0111
119
-
-
-
-
-38.3
87.2
111 1000
120
60
30
15
-
-34.9
89.5
111 1001
121
-
-
-
-
-31.4
91.8
111 1010
122
61
-
-
-
-26.7
93
111 1011
123
-
-
-
-
-22.1
94.1
111 1100
124
62
31
-
-
-17.4
95.3
111 1101
125
-
-
-
-
-12.7
96.5
111 1110
126
63
-
-
-
-8.1
97.7
111 1111
127
-
-
-
-
-3.5
98.8
http://onsemi.com
14
AMIS−30512
Iy
Start = 0
Iy
Iy
Step 1
Start = 0
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Start = 0
Step 2
Ix
Ix
Step 3
Ix
Step 3
Uncompensated Half Step
1/4th
micro step
SM[2:0] = 011
Step 1
SM[2:0] = 101
Step 2
Full Step
SM[2:0] = 110
Figure 9. Translator Table: Circular and Square
Direction
Translator Position
The direction of rotation is selected by means of following
combination of the DIR input pin and the SPI−controlled
direction bit <DIRCTRL>. (Table 14: SPI Control Register 1)
The translator position can be read in Table 30: SPI Status
Register 3. This is a 7−bit number equivalent to the 1/32th
micro−step from Table 9: Circular Translator Table. The
translator position is updated immediately following a NXT
trigger.
NXT Input
Changes on the NXT input will move the motor current
one step up/down in the translator table. Depending on the
NXT−polarity bit <NXTP> (Table 14: SPI Control Register
1), the next step is initiated either on the rising edge or the
falling edge of the NXT input.
NXT
Update
Translator Position
Update
Translator Position
Figure 10. Translator Position Timing Diagram
Synchronization of Step Mode and NXT Input
setting, then the offset is zero and micro−stepping proceeds
according to the translator table.
If the step resolution is decreased at a translator table
position that is shared both by the old and new resolution
setting, then the offset is zero and micro-stepping is
proceeds according to the translator table.
If the translator position is not shared both by the old and
new resolution setting, then the micro−stepping proceeds
with an offset relative to the translator table (See Figure 11
right hand side).
When step mode is re−programmed to another resolution
(Table 13: SPI Control Register 0), then this is put in effect
immediately upon the first arriving “NXT” input. If the
micro−stepping resolution is increased (see Figure 11 left
hand side) then the coil currents will be regulated to the
nearest micro−step, according to the fixed grid of the
increased resolution. If however the micro−stepping
resolution is decreased, then it is possible to introduce an
offset (or phase shift) in the micro−step translator table.
If the step resolution is decreased at a translator table
position that is shared both by the old and new resolution
http://onsemi.com
15
AMIS−30512
Change from lower to higher resolution
Change from higher to lower resolution
Iy
Iy
endpos
DIR
NXT2
NXT3
Iy
DIR
NXT1
endpos
startpos
NXT4
Ix
1/4th step
Halfstep
NXT1
startpos
DIR
NXT2
Ix
Ix
Iy
DIR
Ix
NXT3
1/8th step
Halfstep
Left: Change from lower to higher resolution. The left−hand side depicts the ending half−step position during which a new step mode
resolution was programmed. The right−hand side diagram shows the effect of subsequent NXT commands on the micro−step position.
Right: Change from higher to lower resolution. The left−hand side depicts the ending micro−step position during which a new step mode
resolution was programmed. The right−hand side diagram shows the effect of subsequent NXT commands on the half−step position.
Figure 11. NXT−Step Mode Synchronization
NOTE:
It is advised to reduce the micro−stepping resolution only at micro−step positions that overlap with desired micro−step positions of
the new resolution.
Programmable Peak−Current
be updated immediately at the next PWM period. The
impedance of the bottom drivers is adapted with the current
range: See Table 4: DC Parameters.
The amplitude of the current waveform in the motor coils
(coil peak current = Imax) is adjusted by means of an SPI
parameter “CUR[4:0]” (Table 13: SPI Control Register 0).
Whenever this parameter is changed, the coil−currents will
Table 10. Programmable Peak Current CUR[4:0]
Current Range
CUR[4:0] Index
Current (mA)
Current Range
CUR[4:0] Index
Current (mA)
0
0
15
2
16
181
1
30
17
200
2
45
18
221
3
50
19
244
4
55
20
269
5
61
21
297
6
67
22
328
7
74
23
362
8
82
24
400
9
91
25
441
10
100
26
487
1
NOTE:
3
11
110
27
538
12
122
28
594
13
135
29
656
14
149
30
724
15
164
31
800
Changing the current over different current ranges might lead to false over current triggering.
http://onsemi.com
16
AMIS−30512
Speed and Load Angle Output
The SLA−pin provides an output voltage that indicates the
level of the Back−e.m.f. voltage of the motor. This
Back−e.m.f. voltage is sampled during every so−called “coil
current zero crossings”. Per coil, two zero−current positions
exist per electrical period, yielding in total four zero−current
observation points per electrical period.
V BEMF
I COIL
t
ZOOM
Previous
Micro−step
ICOIL
Coil Current Zero Crossing
Next
Micro−step
Current Decay
Zero Current
t
VCOIL
VBB
Voltage Transient
VBEMF
t
Figure 12. Principle of Bemf Measurement
of the coil voltage is not visible any more, this mode
generates smoother Back e.m.f. input for post−processing,
e.g. by software.
In order to bring the sampled Back e.m.f. to a descent
output level (0 to 5 V), the sampled coil voltage VCOIL is
divided by 2 or by 4. This divider is set through an SPI bit
<SLAG>. (Table 15: SPI Control Register 2)
The following drawing illustrates the operation of the
SLA−pin and the transparency−bit. “PWMsh” and
“Icoil=0” are internal signals that define together with SLAT
the sampling and hold moments of the coil voltage.
Because of the relatively high recirculation currents in the
coil during current decay, the coil voltage VCOIL shows a
transient behavior. As this transient is not always desired in
application software, two operating modes can be selected
by means of the bit <SLAT> (see “SLA−transparency” in
Table 15: SPI Control Register 2). The SLA pin shows in
“transparent mode” full visibility of the voltage transient
behavior. This allows a sanity−check of the speed−setting
versus motor operation and characteristics and supply
voltage levels. If the bit “SLAT” is cleared, then only the
voltage samples at the end of each coil current zero crossing
are visible on the SLA−pin. Because the transient behavior
http://onsemi.com
17
AMIS−30512
VCOIL
div2
div4
Ssh
Sh
buf
SLA−pin
Ch
Csh
Icoil = 0
PWMsh
SLAT
NOT (Icoil = 0)
PWMsh
Icoil = 0
SLAT
VCOIL
t
SLA−pin
last sample
is retained
VBEMF
retain last sample
previous output is kept at SLA pin
t
SLAT = 1 ≥ SLA−pin is “transparent” during
VBEMF sampling @ Coil Current Zero
Crossing. SLA−pin is updated “real−time”.
SLAT = 0 ≥ SLA−pin is not “transparent” during VBEMF
sampling @ Coil Current Zero Crossing. SLA−pin is
updated when leaving current−less state.
Figure 13. Timing Diagram of SLA−pin
Warning, Error Detection and Diagnostics Feedback
Thermal Warning and Shutdown
condition is latched and the microcontroller needs to clean
the status bits to reactivate the drivers.
When junction temperature rises above TTW, the thermal
warning bit <TW> is set (Table 27: SPI Status Register 0).
If junction temperature increases above thermal shutdown
level, then the circuit goes in “thermal shutdown” mode,
<TSD> bit is set and all driver transistors are disabled (high
impedance) (Table 29: SPI Status Register 2). The
conditions to reset flag <TSD> is to be at a temperature
lower than TTW and to clear the <TSD> flag by reading it
using any SPI read command.
NOTE:
Successive reading the SPI Status Registers 1 and 2 in
case of a short circuit condition, may lead to damage to
the drivers.
Changing the current over different current ranges might
lead to false over current triggering.
Open Coil Detection
Open coil detection is based on the observation of 100
percent duty cycle of the PWM regulator. If in a coil 100
percent duty cycle is detected for longer than tOC = 200 ms
then the related driver transistors are disabled
(high−impedance) and an appropriate bit in the SPI status
register is set (<OPENX> or <OPENY>). (Table 27: SPI
Status Register 0).
Over−Current Detection
The over−current detection circuit monitors the load
current in each activated output stage. If the load current
exceeds the over−current detection threshold, then the
over−current flag is set and the drivers are switched off to
reduce the power dissipation and to protect the integrated
circuit. Each driver transistor has an individual detection bit
in the Table 28: SPI Status Register 1 and Table 29: SPI
Status Register 2 (<OVCXij> and <OVCYij>). Error
Charge Pump Failure
The charge pump is an important circuit that guarantees
low Rdson for all drivers, especially for low supply voltages.
If the supply voltage is too low or external components are
http://onsemi.com
18
AMIS−30512
not properly connected to guarantee sufficient low Rdson of
the drivers, then the bit <CPFAIL> is set in Table 27: SPI
Status Register 0. Also after power−on−reset the charge
pump voltage will need the time tCPU to exceed the required
threshold. During that time <CPFAIL> will be set to “1”.
chip, some low-voltage analog blocks and external circuitry.
The voltage is derived from an internal bandgap reference.
To calculate the available drive-current for external
circuitry, the specified Iload should be reduced with the
consumption of internal circuitry (unloaded outputs) and the
loads connected to logic outputs. See DC parameters.
Error Output
This is a digital output to flag a problem to the external
microcontroller. The signal on this output is active low and
the logic combination of:
NOT(ERRB) = <TW> OR <TSD> OR <OVCXij> OR
<OVCYij> OR <OPENi> OR <CPFAIL>
Power-On Reset (POR) Function
The open drain output pin POR/WD provides an “active
low” reset for external purposes. At power-up of
AMIS-30512, this pin will be kept low for some time to reset
for example an external microcontroller. A small analog
filter avoids resetting due to spikes or noise on the VDD
supply.
Logic Supply Regulator
AMIS-30512 has an on-chip 5 V low-drop regulator with
external decoupling capacitor to supply the digital part of the
VBB
t
tPU
VDD
tPD
VDDH
VDDL
t
< tRF
POR/WD pin
tPOR
tRF
Figure 14. Power−on−Reset Timing Diagram
Watchdog Function
The watchdog function is enabled/disabled through
<WDEN> bit (Table 12: SPI Control Register WR). Once
this bit has been set to “1” (watchdog enable), the
microcontroller needs to re-write this bit to clear an internal
timer before the watchdog timeout interval expires. In case
the timer is activated and WDEN is acknowledged too early
(before tWDPR) or not within the interval (after tWDTO), then
a reset of the microcontroller will occur through POR/WD
pin. In addition, a warm/cold boot bit <WD> is available in
SPI Status Register 0 for further processing when the
external microcontroller is alive again. The watchdog reset
delay tWDRD is determined by an internal delay of 0,5 ms
added to an external delay formed by the pull up resistance
and the capacitive load on the POR/WD pin.
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19
AMIS−30512
VBB
t
tPU
VDD
VDDH
t
tPOR
POR/WD pin
tDSPI
tWDRD
tPOR
= tWDPR or = tWDTO
Enable WD
> tWDPR or < tWDTO
Acknowledge WD
t
tWDTO
WD timer
t
Figure 15. Watchdog Timing Diagram
NOTE:
tDSPI is the time needed by the external microcontroller to shift-in the <WDEN> bit after a power-up.
CLR pin (=Hard Reset)
The duration of the watchdog timeout interval is
programmable through the WDT [3:0] bits (Table 12: SPI
Control Register WR). The timing is given in Table 11.
Logic 0 on CLR pin allows normal operation of the chip.
To reset the complete digital inside AMIS−30512, the input
CLR needs to be pulled to logic 1 during minimum time
given by TCLR. (Table 5: AC Parameters) This reset function
clears all internal registers without the need of a
power−cycle. The operation of all analog circuits is
depending on the reset state of the digital, charge pump
remains active. Logic 0 on CLR pin resumes normal
operation again.
Table 11. Watchdog Timeout Interval as Function of
WDT[3.0]
Index
WDT[3:0]
tWDTO (ms)
0
0
0
0
0
32
1
0
0
0
1
64
2
0
0
1
0
96
3
0
0
1
1
128
4
0
1
0
0
160
5
0
1
0
1
192
6
0
1
1
0
224
7
0
1
1
1
256
8
1
0
0
0
288
9
1
0
0
1
320
A
1
0
1
0
352
B
1
0
1
1
384
C
1
1
0
0
416
D
1
1
0
1
448
E
1
1
1
0
480
F
1
1
1
1
512
Sleep Mode
The bit <SLP> in Table 15: SPI Control Register 2 is
provided to enter a so−called “sleep mode”. This mode
allows reduction of current−consumption when the motor is
not in operation. The effect of sleep mode is as follows:
• The drivers are put in HiZ
• All analog circuits are disabled and in low−power mode
• All internal registers are maintaining their logic content
• Pulses on NXT and DIR inputs are ignored
• SPI communication remains possible (slight current
increase during SPI communication)
• Reset of chip is possible through CLR pin
• Oscillator and digital clocks are silent, except during
SPI communication
Normal operation is resumed after writing logic ‘0’ to bit
<SLP>. A start−up time tCPU is needed for the charge pump
to stabilize. After this time, NXT commands can be issued.
http://onsemi.com
20
AMIS−30512
SPI Interface
DO signal is the output from the Slave (AMIS−30512), and
DI signal is the output from the Master. A chip select line
(CSB) allows individual selection of a Slave SPI device in
a multiple−slave system. The CSB line is active low. If
AMIS−30512 is not selected, DO is pulled up with the
external pull up resistor. Since AMIS−30512 operates as a
Slave in MODE 0 (CPOL = 0; CPHA = 0) it always clocks
data out on the falling edge and samples data in on rising
edge of clock. The Master SPI port must be configured in
MODE 0 too, to match this operation. The SPI clock idles
low between the transferred bytes.
The diagram below is both a Master and a Slave timing
diagram since CLK, DO and DI pins are directly connected
between the Master and the Slave.
The serial peripheral interface (SPI) allows an external
microcontroller (Master) to communicate with
AMIS−30512. The implemented SPI block is designed to
interface directly with numerous micro−controllers from
several manufacturers. AMIS−30512 acts always as a Slave
and can’t initiate any transmission. The operation of the
device is configured and controlled by means of SPI
registers which are observable for read and/or write from the
Master.
SPI Transfer Format and Pin Signals
During a SPI transfer, data is simultaneously transmitted
(shifted out serially) and received (shifted in serially). A
serial clock line (CLK) synchronizes shifting and sampling
of the information on the two serial data lines (DO and DI).
# CLK cycle
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CS
CLK
ÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏ
DI
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
DO
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
Figure 16. Timing Diagram of a SPI Transfer
NOTE:
At the falling edge of the eight clock pulse the data−out shift register is updated with the content of the addressed internal SPI
register. The internal SPI registers are updated at the first rising edge of the AMIS−30512 system clock when CSB = High
Transfer Packet:
Serial data transfer is assumed to follow MSB first rule. The transfer packet contains one or more bytes.
BYTE 1
BYTE 2
Command and SPI Register Address
Data
MSB
LSB
MSB
CMD2 CMD1 CMD0 ADDR4 ADDR3 ADDR2 ADDR1 ADDR0
Command
D7
LSB
D6
SPI Register Address
Figure 17. SPI Transfer Packet
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21
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
AMIS−30512
READ Operation
Byte 1 contains the Command and the SPI Register
Address and indicates to AMIS−30512 the chosen type of
operation and addressed register. Byte 2 contains data, or
sent from the Master in a WRITE operation, or received
from AMIS−30512 in a READ operation.
2 command types can be distinguished in the
communication between master and AMIS−30512:
• READ from SPI Register with address ADDR[4:0]:
CMD2 = “0”
• WRITE to SPI Register with address ADDR[4:0]:
CMD2 = “1”
If the Master wants to read data from Status or Control
Registers, it initiates the communication by sending a
READ command. This READ command contains the
address of the SPI register to be read out. At the falling edge
of the eight clock pulse the data−out shift register is updated
with the content of the corresponding internal SPI register.
In the next 8−bit clock pulse train this data is shifted out via
DO pin. At the same time the data shifted in from DI
(Master) should be interpreted as the following successive
command or is dummy data.
Registers are updated with the internal status at the rising
edge of the internal AMIS−30512 clock when CS = 1
CS
COMMAND
DI
READ DATA from ADDR1
COMMAND or DUMMY
DATA
DATA
OLD DATA or NOT VALID
DATA from ADDR1
DATA from previous command or
NOT VALID after POR or RESET
DO
Figure 18. Single READ operation where DATA from SPI register with
Address 1 is read by the Master
immediately after the READ operation. For the same reason
it is recommended to keep the CSB line high always when
the SPI bus is idle.
All 4 Status Registers (see SPI Status Registers) contain
7 data bits and a parity check bit. The most significant bit
(D7) represents a parity of D[6:0]. If the number of logical
ones in D[6:0] is odd, the parity bit D7 equals “1”. If the
number of logical ones in D[6:0] is even then the parity bit
D7 equals “0”. This simple mechanism protects against
noise and increases the consistency of the transmitted data.
If a parity check error occurs it is recommended to initiate
an additional READ command to obtain the status again.
Also the Control Registers (see SPI Control Registers) can
be read out following the same routine. Control Registers
don’t have a parity check.
The CSB line is active low and may remain low between
successive READ commands as illustrated in Figure 18.
There is however one exception. In case an error condition
is latched in one of Status Registers (see SPI Registers) the
ERRB pin is activated. (See Error Output). This signal flags
a problem to the external microcontroller. By reading the
Status Registers information about the root cause of the
problem can be determined. After this READ operation the
Status Registers are cleared. Because the Status Registers
and ERRB pin are only updated by the internal system clock
when the CSB line is high, the Master should force CSB high
WRITE Operation
If the Master wants to write data to a Control Register it
initiates the communication by sending a WRITE
command. This contains the address of the SPI register to
write to. The command is followed with a data byte. This
incoming data will be stored in the corresponding Control
Register after CSB goes from low to high! AMIS−30512
responds on every incoming byte by shifting out via DO the
data stored in the last received address.
It is important that the writing action (command − address
and data) to the Control Register is exactly 16 bits long. If
more or less bits are transmitted the complete transfer packet
is ignored.
A WRITE command executed for a read−only register
(e.g. Status Registers) will not affect the addressed register
and the device operation.
Because after a power−on−reset the initial address is
unknown the data shifted out via DO is not valid.
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AMIS−30512
The NEW DATA is written into the corresponding
internal register at the rising edge of CS
CS
DI
COMMAND
DATA
WRITE DATA to ADDR3
NEW DATA for ADDR3
DATA
DATA
OLD DATA or NOT VALID
OLD DATA from ADDR3
DATA from previous command or
NOT VALID after POR or RESET
DO
Figure 19. Single WRITE Operation where DATA from the Master is Written in SPI Register with Address 3
Examples of Combined READ and WRITE Operations
by writing a control byte in Control Register at ADDR2.
Note that during the write command (in Figure 3) the old
data of the pointed register is returned at the moment the new
data is shifted in:
In the following examples successive READ and WRITE
operations are combined. In Figure 17 the Master first reads
the status from Register at ADDR4 and at ADDR5 followed
Registers are updated with the internal status at the rising
edge of the internal AMIS−30512 clock when CS = 1
The NEW DATA is written into the corresponding
internal register at the rising edge of CS
CS
COMMAND
DI
DATA from previous command or
NOT VALID after POR or RESET
DO
COMMAND
COMMAND
READ DATA
from ADDR4
READ DATA
from ADDR5
WRITE
DATA to ADDR2
DATA
NEW DATA
for ADDR2
DATA
OLD DATA
or NOT VALID
DATA
DATA
DATA
from ADDR4
DATA
from ADDR5
DATA
OLD DATA
from ADDR2
Figure 20. 2 Successive READ Commands Followed by a WRITE Command
transmitted. This rule also applies when the master device
wants to initiate an SPI transfer to read the Status Registers.
Because the internal system clock updates the Status
Registers only when CSB line is high, the first read out byte
might represent old status information.
After the write operation the Master could initiate a read
back command in order to verify the data correctly written
as illustrated in Figure 18. During reception of the READ
command the old data is returned for a second time. Only
after receiving the READ command the new data is
Registers are updated with the internal status at the rising
edge of the internal AMIS−30512 clock when CS = 1
Registers are updated with the internal
status at the rising edge of CS
CS
DI
Data from previous command or NOT VALID after
POR or RESET
DO
COMMAND
DATA
COMMAND
WRITE DATA
to ADDR2
NEW DATA
for ADDR2
READ DATA
from ADDR2
COMMAND
or DUMMY
DATA
DATA
OLD DATA
or NOT VALID
OLD DATA
from ADDR2
DATA
OLD DATA
from ADDR2
NEW DATA
from ADDR2
DATA
Figure 21. A WRITE Operation where DATA from the Master is Written in SPI Register with Address 2
Followed by a READ Back Operation to Confirm a Correct WRITE Operation
NOTE:
The internal data−out shift buffer of AMIS−30512 is updated with the content of the selected SPI register only at the last (every
eight) falling edge of the CLK signal (see SPI Transfer Format and Pin Signals). As a result, new data for transmission cannot be
written to the shift buffer at the beginning of the transfer packet and the first byte shifted out might represent old data.
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AMIS−30512
SPI Control Registers
All SPI control registers have Read/Write access and default to “0” after power−on or hard reset.
Table 12. SPI Control Register WR
Control Register (WR)
Structure
Address
00h
Where:
R/W
Reset:
WDEN:
WDT[3:0]:
Content
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Access
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
WDEN
−
−
−
WDT[3:0]
Read and Write access
Status after power-On or hard reset
Watchdog enable. Writing “1” to this bit will activate the watchdog timer (if not enabled yet) or will clear
this timer (if already enabled). Writing “0” to this bit will clear WD bit (SPI Status Register 0).
Watchdog timeout interval
Table 13. SPI Control Register 0
Control Register 0 (CR0)
Structure
Address
Content
Access
01h
Reset
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
Where:
R/W
Reset:
SM[2:0]:
CUR[4:0]:
SM[2:0]
CUR[4:0]
Read and Write access
Status after power−On or hard reset
Step mode
Current amplitude
Table 14. SPI Control Register 1
Control Register 1 (CR1)
Structure
Address
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
DIRCTRL
NXTP
−
−
PWMF
PWMJ
Content
Access
02h
Where:
R/W
Reset:
DIRCTRL
NXTP
PWMF
PWMJ
EMC[1:0]
Read and Write access
Status after power−on or hard reset
Direction control
NEXT polarity
PWM frequency
PWM jitter
EMC slope control
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EMC[1:0]
AMIS−30512
Table 15. SPI Control Register 2
Control Register 2 (CR2)
Structure
Address
Content
Access
03h
Where:
R/W
Reset:
MOTEN
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
MOTEN
SLP
SLAG
SLAT
−
−
−
−
Read and Write access
Status after power−On or hard reset
Motor enable
SLP
SLAG
SLAT
Sleep
Speed load angle gain
Speed load angle transparency
Table 16. SPI Control Parameter Overview SLAT
Symbol
SLAT
Description
Status
Speed Load Angle Transparency bit
Behaviour
<SLAT> = 0
SLA is transparent
<SLAT> = 1
SLA is NOT transparent
Table 17. SPI Control Parameter Overview SLAG
Symbol
SLAG
Description
Status
Speed Load Angle Gain setting
Value
<SLAG> = 0
Gain = 0.5
<SLAG> = 1
Gain = 0.25
Table 18. SPI Control Parameter Overview PWMF
Symbol
PWMF
Description
Status
Enables doubling of the PWM frequency
Value
<PWMF> = 0
fPWM = 22.8 kHz
<PWMF> = 1
fPWM = 45.6 kHz
Table 19. SPI Control Parameter Overview PWMJ
Symbol
PWMJ
Description
Status
Enables jittery PWM
Behaviour
<PWMJ> = 0
Jitter disabled
<PWMJ> = 1
Jitter enabled
Table 20. SPI Control Parameter Overview SLP
Symbol
SLP
Description
Status
Enables sleep mode
Behaviour
<SLP> = 0
Active mode
<SLP> = 1
Sleep mode
Table 21. SPI Control Parameter Overview MOTEN
Symbol
MOTEN
Description
Status
Activates the motor driver outputs
Value
<MOTEN> = 0
Drivers disabled
<MOTEN> = 1
Drivers enabled
Table 22. SPI Control Parameter Overview DIRCTRL
Symbol
DIRCTRL
Description
Status
Controls the direction of rotation
(in combination with logic level on input DIR)
<DIR> = 0
<DIR> = 1
Value
<DIRCTRL> = 0
CW motion
<DIRCTRL> = 1
CCW motion
<DIRCTRL> = 0
CCW motion
<DIRCTRL> = 1
CW motion
Table 23. SPI Control Parameter Overview NXTP
Symbol
NXTP
CUR[4:0]
Description
Status
Selects if NXT triggers on rising or falling edge
Value
<NXTP> = 0
Trigger on rising edge
<NXTP> = 1
Trigger on falling edge
Selects IMCmax peak. This is the peak or amplitude of the regulated current waveform in the motor coils.
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AMIS−30512
Table 24. SPI Control Parameter Overview CUR[4:0]
Index
CUR[4:0]
Current (mA)
Index
CUR[4:0]
Current (mA)
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
10
1
0
0
0
0
181
1
0
0
0
0
1
30
11
1
0
0
0
1
200
2
0
0
0
1
0
45
12
1
0
0
1
0
221
3
0
0
0
1
1
50
13
1
0
0
1
1
244
4
0
0
1
0
0
55
14
1
0
1
0
0
269
5
0
0
1
0
1
61
15
1
0
1
0
1
297
6
0
0
1
1
0
67
16
1
0
1
1
0
328
7
0
0
1
1
1
74
17
1
0
1
1
1
362
8
0
1
0
0
0
82
18
1
1
0
0
0
400
9
0
1
0
0
1
91
19
1
1
0
0
1
441
A
0
1
0
1
0
100
1A
1
1
0
1
0
487
B
0
1
0
1
1
110
1B
1
1
0
1
1
538
C
0
1
1
0
0
122
1C
1
1
1
0
0
594
D
0
1
1
0
1
135
1D
1
1
1
0
1
656
E
0
1
1
1
0
149
1E
1
1
1
1
0
724
F
0
1
1
1
1
164
1F
1
1
1
1
1
800
EMC[1:0]
Adjusts the dV/dt of the PWM voltage slopes on the motor pins.
Table 25. SPI Control Parameter Overview EMC[1:0]
Index
EMC[1:0]
Slope (V/ms)
Remark
0
0
0
150
Turn−on and turn−off voltage slope 10% to 90%
1
0
1
100
”
2
1
0
50
”
3
1
1
25
”
SM[2:0]
Selects the micro−stepping mode.
Table 26. SPI Control Parameter Overview SM[2:0]
Index
SM[2:0]
Step Mode
Remark
0
0
0
0
1/32
Micro−step
1
0
0
1
1/16
Micro−step
2
0
1
0
1/8
Micro−step
3
0
1
1
1/4
Micro−step
4
1
0
0
1/2
Uncompensated half−step
5
1
0
1
1/2
Compensated half−step
6
1
1
0
Full
Full step
7
1
1
1
N/A
For future use
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AMIS−30512
SPI Status Register Description
All four SPI status registers have Read Access and are default to “0” after power−on or hard reset.
Table 27. Status Register 0 (SR0)
Structure
Address
04h
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
TW
Cpfail
OPENX
OPENY
Remark:
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Access
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
PAR
TW
CPfail
−
OPENX
OPENY
−
−
Content
Read only mode access
Status after power−on or hard reset
Parity check
Thermal warning
Charge pump failure
Open Coil X detected
Open Coil Y detected
Data is not latched
Table 28. Status Register 1 (SR1)
Structure
Address
05h
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
OVXPT
OVXPB
OVXNT
OVXNB
Remark:
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Access
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
PAR
OVCXPT
OVCXPB
OVCXNT
OVCXNB
−
−
−
Content
Read only mode access
Status after power−on or hard reset
Parity check
Over−current detected on X H−bridge: MOTXP terminal, top transistor
Over−current detected on X H−bridge: MOTXP terminal, bottom transistor
Over−current detected on X H−bridge: MOTXN terminal, top transistor
Over−current detected on X H−bridge: MOTXN terminal, bottom transistor
Data is latched
Table 29. SPI Status Register 2 (SR2)
Structure
Address
06h
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
OVCYPT
OVCYPB
OVCYNT
OVCYNB
TSD
Remark:
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Access
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
PAR
OVCYPT
OVCYPB
OVCYYNT
OVCYNB
TSD
−
−
Content
Read only mode access
Status after power−on or hard reset
Parity check
Over−current detected on Y H−bridge: MOTYP terminal, top transistor
Over−current detected on Y H−bridge: MOTYP terminal, bottom transistor
Over−current detected on Y H−bridge: MOTYN terminal, top transistor
Over−current detected on Y H−bridge: MOTYN terminal, bottom transistor
Thermal shutdown
Data is latched
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AMIS−30512
Table 30. SPI Status Register 3 (SR3)
Structure
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Access
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Data
PAR
Address
07h
Content
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
MSP[6:0]
Remark:
MSP[6:0]
Read only mode access
Status after power−on or hard reset
Parity check
Translator micro−step position
Data is not latched
Table 31. SPI Status Flags Overview
Mnemonic
Length
(bit)
Related
SPI Register
Charge pump failure
CPFail
1
Status Register 0
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that the charge pump does
not reach the required voltage level.
Micro−step position
MSP [6:0]
7
Status Register 3
Translator micro−step position
OPEN Coil X
OPENX
1
Status Register 0
‘1’ = Open coil detected
‘0’
OPEN Coil Y
OPENY
1
Status Register 0
‘1’ = Open coil detected
‘0’
OVer Current on X
H−bridge; MOTXN
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVCXNB
1
Status Register 1
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at bottom transistor XN−terminal
‘0’
OVer Current on X
H−bridge; MOTXN
terminal; Top tran.
OVCXNT
1
Status Register 1
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at top transistor XN−terminal
‘0’
OVer Current on X
H−bridge; MOTXP
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVCXPB
1
Status Register 1
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at bottom transistor XP−terminal
‘0’
OVer Current on X
H−bridge; MOTXP
terminal; Top tran.
OVCXPT
1
Status Register 1
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at top transistor XP−terminal
‘0’
OVer Current on Y
H−bridge; MOTYN
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVCYNB
1
Status Register 2
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at bottom transistor YN−terminal
‘0’
OVer Current on Y
H−bridge; MOTYN
terminal; Top tran.
OVCYNT
1
Status Register 2
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at top transistor YN−terminal
‘0’
OVer Current on Y
H−bridge; MOTYP
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVCYPB
1
Status Register 2
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at bottom transistor YP−terminal
‘0’
OVer Current on Y
H−bridge; MOTYP
terminal; Top tran.
OVCYPT
1
Status Register 2
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is detected
at top transistor YP−terminal
‘0’
Thermal shutdown
TSD
1
Status Register 2
‘0’
Thermal warning
TW
1
Status Register 0
‘0’
Watchdog event
WD
1
Status Register 0
Flag
Comment
‘1’ = watchdog reset after time−out
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Reset
State
‘0’
‘0000000’
‘0’
AMIS−30512
Soldering
• Use a double-wave soldering method comprising a
Introduction to Soldering Surface Mount Packages
This text gives a very brief insight to a complex
technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be
found in the AMIS “Data Handbook IC26; Integrated
Circuit Packages” (document order number 9398 652
90011). There is no soldering method that is ideal for all
surface mount IC packages. Wave soldering is not always
suitable for surface mount ICs, or for printed-circuit boards
(PCB) with high population densities. In these situations
re-flow soldering is often used.
Re-flow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of
fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to
the PCB by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe
dispensing before package placement. Several methods
exist for re-flowing; for example, infrared/convection
heating in a conveyor type oven.
Throughput times (preheating, soldering and cooling)
vary between 100 and 200 seconds depending on the heating
method. Typical re-flow peak temperatures range from 215
to 260°C. The top-surface temperature of the packages
should preferably be kept below 230°C.
turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by
a smooth laminar wave.
• For packages with leads on two sides and a pitch (e):
1. Larger than or equal to 1.27 mm, the footprint
longitudinal axis is preferred to be parallel to the
transport direction of the PCB;
2. Smaller than 1.27 mm, the footprint longitudinal
axis must be parallel to the transport direction of
the PCB. The footprint must incorporate solder
thieves at the downstream end.
• For packages with leads on four sides, the footprint
must be placed at a 45° angle to the transport direction
of the PCB. The footprint must incorporate solder
thieves downstream and at the side corners.
During placement and before soldering, the package must
be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be
applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe
dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive
is cured. Typical dwell time is four seconds at 250°C. A
mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal of
corrosive residues in most applications.
Wave Soldering
Manual Soldering
Conventional single wave soldering is not recommended
for surface mount devices (SMDs) or PCBs with a high
component density, as solder bridging and non-wetting can
present major problems. To overcome these problems, the
double-wave soldering method was specifically developed.
If wave soldering is used the following conditions must be
observed for optimal results:
Fix the component by first soldering two diagonallyopposite end leads. Use a low voltage (24 V or less)
soldering iron applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact
time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300°C.
When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be
soldered in one operation within two to five seconds
between 270 and 320°C.
Re−flow Soldering
Table 32. Soldering Process
Soldering Method
Wave
Re-flow (Note 7)
Not suitable
Suitable
Not suitable (Note 8)
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
Not recommended (Notes 9 and 10)
Suitable
Not recommended (Note 11)
Suitable
Package
BGA, SQFP
HLQFP, HSQFP, HSOP, HTSSOP, SMS
PLCC (Note 9) , SO, SOJ
LQFP, QFP, TQFP
SSOP, TSSOP, VSO
7. All surface mount (SMD) packages are moisture sensitive. Depending upon the moisture content, the maximum temperature (with respect
to time) and body size of the package, there is a risk that internal or external package cracks may occur due to vaporization of the moisture
in them (the so called popcorn effect). For details, refer to the drypack information in the “Data Handbook IC26; Integrated Circuit Packages;
Section: Packing Methods.”
8. These packages are not suitable for wave soldering as a solder joint between the PCB and heatsink (at bottom version) can not be achieved,
and as solder may stick to the heatsink (on top version).
9. If wave soldering is considered, then the package must be placed at a 45° angle to the solder wave direction. The package footprint must
incorporate solder thieves downstream and at the side corners.
10. Wave soldering is only suitable for LQFP, TQFP and QFP packages with a pitch (e) equal to or larger than 0.8 mm; it is definitely not suitable
for packages with a pitch (e) equal to or smaller than 0.65 mm.
11. Wave soldering is only suitable for SSOP and TSSOP packages with a pitch (e) equal to or larger than 0.65 mm; it is definitely not suitable
for packages with a pitch (e) equal to or smaller than 0.5 mm.
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