AMI AMIS

AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
1.0 Introduction
The AMIS-30521 is a micro-stepping stepper motor driver for bipolar stepper motors. The chip is connected through I/O pins and an
SPI interface with an external microcontroller. The AMIS-30521 contains a current-translation table and takes the next micro-step
depending on the clock signal on the “NXT” input pin and the status of the “DIR” (=direction) register or input pin. The chip provides a
so-called “speed and load angle” output. This allows the creation of stall detection algorithms and control loops based on load-angle to
adjust torque and speed. It is using a proprietary PWM algorithm for reliable current control.
The AMIS-30521 is implemented in I2T100 technology, enabling both high-voltage analog circuitry and digital functionality on the same
chip. The chip is fully compatible with the automotive voltage requirements.
The AMIS-30521 is ideally suited for general-purpose stepper motor applications in the automotive, industrial, medical, and marine
environment.
2.0 Key Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dual H-Bridge for 2-phase stepper motors
Programmable peak-current up to 1.6A using a 5-bit current DAC
On-chip current translator
SPI interface
Speed and load angle output
Seven step modes from full-step up to 32 micro-steps
Fully integrated current-sense
PWM current control with automatic selection of fast and slow decay
Low EMC PWM with selectable voltage slopes
Active fly-back diodes
Full output protection and diagnosis
Thermal warning and shutdown
Compatible with 5V and 3.3V microcontrollers
3.0 Ordering information
Table 1: Ordering Information
Part No.
AMIS-30521 ANA
Package
Peak Current
Temp. Range
NQFP-32 (7 x 7mm)
1600mA
-40°C…..125°C
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Ordering Code
Tubes
0C521-001-XTD
Ordering Code
Tapes
0C521-001-XTP
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
4.0 Block Diagram
VDD
CLK
Timebase
CPN CPP VCP
Chargepump
POR
CS
DI
OTP
SPI
DO
NXT
Logic &
Registers
DIR
VBB
Load
Angle
SLA
Temp.
Sense
EMC
T
R
A
N
S
L
A
T
O
R
MOTXP
P
W
M
I-sense
EMC
MOTYP
P
W
M
MOTYN
I-sense
CLR
Bandgap
ERR
AMIS-30521
GND
PC20070322.1
Figure 1: Block Diagram AMIS-30521
5.0 Pin Description
Table 2: Pin List and Description
Name
Pin
DO
31
VDD
32
GND
1
DI
2
CLK
3
NXT
4
DIR
5
ERRB
6
SLA
7
CPN
9
CPP
10
VCP
11
CLR
12
CSB
13
VBB
14
MOTYP
15, 16
GND
17, 18
MOTYN
19, 20
MOTXN
21, 22
GND
23, 24
MOTXP
25, 26
VBB
27
/
8, 28, 30
TST0
29
Description
SPI data output
Logic Supply Input (needs external decoupling capacitor)
Ground, heat sink
SPI data in
SPI clock input
Next micro-step input
Direction input
Error Output
Speed Load Angle Output
Negative connection of charge pump capacitor
Positive connection of charge pump capacitor
Charge-pump filter-capacitor
“Clear” = Chip Reset input
SPI chip select input
High Voltage Supply Input
Negative end of phase Y coil output
Ground, heat sink
Positive end of phase Y coil output
Positive end of phase X coil output
Ground, heat sink
Negative end of phase X coil output
High Voltage Supply Input
No Function (to be left open in normal operation)
Test pin (to be tied to ground in normal operation) input
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2
MOTXN
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
28
MOTXP
29
MOTXP
30
VBB
DO
31
TSTO
VDD
GND
32
27
26
25
GND
1
24
DI
CLK
NXT
2
23
3
22
DIR
5
20
MOTYN
ERR
6
19
SLA
7
18
8
17
MOTYN
GND
GND
4
21
AMIS-30521
13
14
15
GND
MOTXN
MOTXN
16
MOTYP
CS
12
MOTYP
VBB
CPP
CPN
11
VCP
10
CLR
9
Data Sheet
PC20070309.2
Figure 2: Pin Out AMIS-30521
5.1 Package Thermal Characteristics
The NQFP is designed to provide superior thermal performance, and using an exposed die pad on the bottom surface of the package
partly contributes to this. In order to take full advantage of this thermal performance, the PCB must have features to conduct heat away
from the package. A thermal grounded pad with thermal vias can achieve this. With a layout as shown in Figure 3: PCB Ground Plane
Layout Condition, the thermal resistance junction – to – ambient can be brought down to a level of 30°C/W.
NQFP-32
PC20041128.2
Figure 3: PCB Ground Plane Layout Condition
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AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
6.0 Electrical Specification
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses above those listed in table below may cause immediate and permanent device failure. It is not implied that more that one of
these conditions can be applied simultaneously.
Table 3: Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol
Parameter
(1)
VBB
Analog DC supply voltage
VDD
Logic supply voltage
Tstrg
Storage temperature
Tamb
Ambient temperature under bias
(2)
VESD
Electrostatic discharges on component level
Notes:
(1)
(2)
Min.
-0.3
-0.3
-55
-50
-2
Max.
+40
+7.0
+160
+150
+2
Units
V
V
°C
°C
kV
For limited time <0.5s.
Human body model (100pF via 1.5 kΩ, according to JEDEC EIA-JESD22-A114-B).
6.2 Recommend Operation Conditions
Operating ranges define the limits for functional operation and parametric characteristics of the device. Note that the functionality of the
chip outside these operating ranges is not guaranteed. Operating outside the recommended operating ranges for extended periods of
time may affect device reliability.
Table 4: Operating Ranges
Symbol
Parameter
VBB
Analog DC supply
VDD
Logic supply voltage
(1)
Iddd
Dynamic current
Ta
Ambient temperature VBAT≤+18
Ta
Ambient temperature VBAT≤+29
Tj
Junction temperature
Notes:
(1)
Min.
+6
4.75
-40
-40
Dynamic current is with oscillator running, all analogue cells active. All outputs unloaded, no floating inputs.
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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4
Max.
+30
5.25
18
+125
+85
+160
Unites
V
V
mA
°C
°C
°C
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
6.3 DC Parameters
The DC parameters are given for VBB and temperature in their operating ranges unless otherwise specified. Convention: currents
flowing in the circuit are defined as positive.
Table 5: DC Parameters
Symbol
Pin(s)
Parameter
Supply Inputs
VBB
Nominal operating supply range
VBB
Ibat
Total current consumption
Vdd
VDD
Logic supply voltage
Power-on-Reset (POR)
VDDH
Internal POR comparator threshold
VDD
VDDL
Internal POR comparator threshold
Motordriver
Max current through motor coil in
IMDmax,Peak
normal operation
Max RMS current through coil in normal
IMDmax,RMS
operation
IMDabs
Absolute error on coil current
IMDrel
Error on current ratio Icoilx / Icoily
On-resistance high-side driver,
RHS
MOTXP CUR[4:0] = 0...31
MOTXN On-resistance low-side driver,
RLS3
MOTYP CUR[4:0] = 23...31
MOTYN
On-resistance low-side driver,
RLS2
CUR[4:0] = 16...22
On-resistance low-side driver,
RLS1
CUR[4:0] = 9...15
On-resistance low-side driver,
RLS0
CUR[4:0] = 0...8
IMpd
Pull-down current
Logic Inputs
(3)
Ileak
DI, CLK Input leakage
NXT, DIR Logic low threshold
VinL
CLR, CSB Logic high threshold
VinH
CLR
Rpd
Internal pull-down resistor
TST0
Thermal Warning and Shutdown
Ttw
Thermal warning
(1) (2)
Ttsd
Thermal shutdown
Charge Pump
Vcp
VCP
Cbuffer
Cpump
Output voltage
Remark/Test Conditions
Typ.
Max.
Unit
4.75
5
30
8
5.25
V
mA
V
4.0
4.25
3.68
4.4
V
V
6
Unloaded outputs
VDD rising
VDD falling
1600
mA
800
-10
-7
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 27 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 160 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 27 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 160 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 27 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 160 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 27 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 160 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 27 °C
Vbb = 12V, Tj = 160 °C
HiZ mode
0.45
0.94
0.45
0.94
0.90
1.9
1.8
3.8
3.6
7.5
0.5
Tj = 160 °C
mA
10
7
0.56
1.25
0.56
1.25
1.2
2.5
2.3
5.0
4.5
10
%
%
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
mA
1
1.5
µA
V
V
300
kΩ
152
°C
°C
3.5
120
138
6V< VBB < 15V
15V < VBB < 30V
External buffer capacitor
CPP CPN External pump capacitor
Notes:
(1) No more than 100 cumulated hours in life time above Ttw.
(2) Thermal shutdown and low temperature warning are derived from thermal warning.
(3) Not valid for pins with internal pull-down resistor.
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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Min.
5
VBB+12.5
180
180
145
Ttw + 20
2 * VBB – 2.5
VBB+14
220
220
VBB+15.5
470
470
V
V
nF
nF
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
6.4 AC Parameters
The AC parameters are given for VBB and temperature in their operating ranges.
Table 6: AC Parameters
Symbol
Pin(s)
Parameter
Internal Oscillator
fosc
Frequency of internal oscillator
Motordriver
PWM frequency
fPWM
Double PWM frequency
MOTxx
fj
PWM Jitter frequency
fd
PWM Jitter depth
Remark/Test Conditions
Frequency depends only on
internal oscillator
Tbrise
MOTxx
turn-on voltage slope, 10% to 90%
Tbfall
MOTxx
turn-off voltage slope, 90% to 10%
Digital Outputs
DO
ERRB
Charge Pump
fCP
CPN CPP
TCPU
MOTxx
CLR Function
TCLR
CLR
TH2L
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
3.6
4
4.4
MHz
20.8
41.6
22.8
45.6
tbd
tbd
150
100
50
25
150
100
50
25
24.8
49.6
kHz
kHz
Hz
% fPWM
V/µs
V/µs
V/µs
V/µs
V/µs
V/µs
V/µs
V/µs
50
ns
EMC[1:0] = 00
EMC[1:0] = 01
EMC[1:0] = 10
EMC[1:0] = 11
EMC[1:0] = 00
EMC[1:0] = 01
EMC[1:0] = 10
EMC[1:0] = 11
Capacitive load 400pF and pullup resistor of 1.5 kΩ
Output fall-time from VinH to VinL
Charge pump frequency
Start-up time of charge pump
250
kHz
Spec external components
Hard reset duration time
20
90
µs
Max.
Unit
µs
ns
ns
ns
ns
µs
ns
ns
6.5 SPI Timing
Table 7: SPI Timing Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
tCLK
SPI clock period
tCLK_HIGH
SPI clock high time
tCLK_LOW
SPI clock low time
tSET_DI
DI set up time, valid data before rising edge of CLK
tHOLD_DI
DI hold time, hold data after rising edge of CLK
tCSB_HIGH
CSB high time
tSET_CSB
CSB set up time, CSB low before rising edge of CLK
tSET_CLK
CLK set up time, CLK low before rising edge of CSB
Min.
1
100
100
50
50
2.5
100
100
0,2 VCC
CS
0,2 VCC
tSET_CSB
tCLK
tSET_CLK
0,8 VCC
CLK
0,2 VCC
0,2 VCC
tCLK_HI
tSET_DI
DI
tCLK_LO
tHOLD_DI
0,8 VCC
VALID
PC20070608.1
Figure 4: SPI Timing
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Typ.
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
7.0 Typical Application Schematic
100 nF
VDD
C4
100 nF
C2
D1
100 nF
C6
C5
100 nF
VDD
VBAT
C1
C3
VBB
VBB
100 µF
220 nF
VCP
CPN
DIR
220 nF
NXT
CPP
DO
MOTXP
DI
µC
C7
CLK
AMIS-30521
MOTXN
CS
MOTYP
CLR
ERR
M
MOTYN
SLA
C8
R1
GND
PC20070604.11
Figure 5: Typical Application Schematic AMIS-30521
Table 8: External Components List and Description
Component
Function
(1)
C1
VBB buffer capacitor
C2, C3
VBB decoupling block capacitor
C4
VDD buffer capacitor
C5
VDD buffer capacitor
C6
Charge pump buffer capacitor
C7
Charge pump pumping capacitor
C8
Low pass filter SLA
R1
Low pass filter SLA
D1
Optional reverse protection diode
Typ. Value
100
100
220
100
220
220
1
5.6
e.g. 1N4003
Notes:
(1)
Low ESR < 1Ohm.
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Tolerance
-20 +80%
-20 +80%
+/- 20 %
+/- 20%
+/- 20%
+/- 20%
+/- 20%
+/- 1%
Unit
µF
nF
nF
nF
nF
nF
nF
kΩ
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
8.0 Functional Description
8.1 H-Bridge Drivers
A full H-bridge is integrated for each of the two stator windings. Each H-bridge consists of two low-side and two high-side N-type
MOSFET switches. Writing logic ‘0’ in bit <MOTEN> disables all drivers (high-impedance). Writing logic ‘1’ in this bit enables both
bridges and current can flow in the motor stator windings.
In order to avoid large currents through the H-bridge switches, it is guaranteed that the top- and bottom-switches of the same halfbridge are never conductive simultaneously (interlock delay).
A two-stage protection against shorts on motor lines is implemented. In a first stage, the current in the driver is limited. Secondly,
when excessive voltage is sensed across the transistor, the transistor is switched-off.
In order to reduce the radiated/conducted emission, voltage slope control is implemented in the output switches. The output slope is
defined by the gate-drain capacitance of output transistor and the (limited) current that drives the gate. There are two trimming bits for
slope control (Table 25: SPI Control Parameter Overview EMC[1:0]).
The power transistors are equipped with so-called “active diodes”: when a current is forced trough the transistor switch in the reverse
direction, i.e. from source to drain, then the transistor is switched on. This ensures that most of the current flows through the channel of
the transistor instead of through the inherent parasitic drain-bulk diode of the transistor.
Depending on the desired current range and the micro-step position at hand, the Rdson of the low-side transistors will be adapted such
that excellent current-sense accuracy is maintained. The Rdson of the high-side transistors remain unchanged, see Table 5: DC
Parameters for more details.
8.2 PWM Current Control
A PWM comparator compares continuously the actual winding current with the requested current and feeds back the information to a
digital regulation loop. This loop then generates a PWM signal, which turns on/off the H-bridge switches. The switching points of the
PWM duty-cycle are synchronized to the on-chip PWM clock. The frequency of the PWM controller can be doubled and an artificial jitter
can be added (Table 14: SPI Control Register 1). The PWM frequency will not vary with changes in the supply voltage. Also variations
in motor-speed or load-conditions of the motor have no effect. There are no external components required to adjust the PWM
frequency.
8.2.1. Automatic Forward and Slow-Fast Decay
The PWM generation is in steady-state using a combination of forward and slow-decay. The absence of fast-decay in this mode,
guarantees the lowest possible current-ripple “by design”. For transients to lower current levels, fast-decay is automatically activated to
allow high-speed response. The selection of fast or slow decay is completely transparent for the user and no additional parameters are
required for operation.
Icoil
Set value
Actual value
t
0
TPWM
Forward & Slow Decay
Forward & Slow Decay
Fast Decay & Forward
PC20070604.1
Figure 6: Forward and Slow/Fast Decay PWM
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AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
8.2.2. Automatic Duty Cycle Adaptation
Incase the supply voltage is lower than 2*Bemf, then the duty cycle of the PWM is adapted automatically to >50% to maintain the
requested average current in the coils. This process is completely automatic and requires no additional parameters for operation. The
over-all current-ripple is divided by two if PWM frequency is doubled (Table 14: SPI Control Register 1).
Icoil
Duty Cycle
< 50%
Duty Cycle < 50%
Duty Cycle >50%
Actual value
Set value
t
PC20070604.2
TPWM
Figure 7: Automatic Duty Cycle Adaptation
8.3 Step Translator
8.3.1. Step Mode
The step translator provides the control of the motor by means of SPI register Stepmode: SM[2:0], SPI register DIRCNTRL, and input
pins DIR and NXT. It is translating consecutive steps in corresponding currents in both motor coils for a given step mode.
One out of seven possible stepping modes can be selected through SPI-bits SM[2:0] (Table 26: SPI Control Parameter Overview
SM[2:0]) After power-on or hard reset, the coil-current translator is set to the default 1/32 micro-stepping at position ‘0’. Upon changing
the step mode, the translator jumps to position 0* of the corresponding stepping mode. When remaining in the same step mode,
subsequent translator positions are all in the same column and increased or decreased with 1. Table 10: Circular Translator Table lists
the output current versus the translator position.
As shown in Figure 8 the output current-pairs can be projected approximately on a circle in the (Ix,Iy) plane. There is, however, one
exception: uncompensated half step. In this step mode the currents are not regulated to a fraction of Imax but are in all intermediate
steps regulated at 100 percent. In the (Ix,Iy) plane the current-pairs are projected on a square. Table 9: Square Translator Table for
Umcompensated Half StepSM[2:0] = 101 lists the output current versus the translator position for this case.
Table 9: Square Translator Table for Umcompensated Half StepSM[2:0] = 101
Stepmode ( SM[2:0] )
% of Imax
101
Coil x
Coil y
Uncompensated Half-Step
0*
0
100
1
100
100
2
100
0
3
100
-100
4
0
-100
5
-100
-100
6
-100
0
7
-100
100
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9
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Table 10: Circular Translator Table
Stepmode ( SM[2:0] )
% of Imax
000
001
010
011
100
110
1/32
‘0’
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
1/16
0*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
-
1/8
0*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
-
1/4
0*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
1/2
0*
1
2
3
-
FS
1
2
-
Stepmode ( SM[2:0] )
Coil x
Coil y
0
3.5
8.1
12.7
17.4
22.1
26.7
31.4
34.9
38.3
43
46.5
50
54.6
58.1
61.6
65.1
68.6
72.1
75.5
79
82.6
84.9
87.2
89.5
91.8
93
94.1
95.3
96.5
97.7
98.8
100
98.8
97.7
96.5
95.3
94.1
93
91.8
89.5
87.2
84.9
82.6
79
75.5
72.1
68.6
65.1
61.6
58.1
54.6
50
46.5
43
38.3
34.9
31.4
26.7
22.1
17.4
12.7
8.1
3.5
100
98.8
97.7
96.5
95.3
94.1
93
91.8
89.5
87.2
84.9
82.6
79
75.5
72.1
68.6
65.1
61.6
58.1
54.6
50
46.5
43
38.3
34.9
31.4
26.7
22.1
17.4
12.7
8.1
3.5
0
-3.5
-8.1
-12.7
-17.4
-22.1
-26.7
-31.4
-34.9
-38.3
-43
-46.5
-50
-54.6
-58.1
-61.6
-65.1
-68.6
-72.1
-75.5
-79
-82.6
-84.9
-87.2
-89.5
-91.8
-93
-94.1
-95.3
-96.5
-97.7
-98.8
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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Data Sheet
10
% of Imax
000
001
010
011
100
110
1/32
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
1/16
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
-
1/8
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
-
1/4
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
-
1/2
4
5
6
7
-
FS
3
0*
-
Coil x
Coil y
0
-3.5
-8.1
-12.7
-17.4
-22.1
-26.7
-31.4
-34.9
-38.3
-43
-46.5
-50
-54.6
-58.1
-61.6
-65.1
-68.6
-72.1
-75.5
-79
-82.6
-84.9
-87.2
-89.5
-91.8
-93
-94.1
-95.3
-96.5
-97.7
-98.8
-100
-98.8
-97.7
-96.5
-95.3
-94.1
-93
-91.8
-89.5
-87.2
-84.9
-82.6
-79
-75.5
-72.1
-68.6
-65.1
-61.6
-58.1
-54.6
-50
-46.5
-43
-38.3
-34.9
-31.4
-26.7
-22.1
-17.4
-12.7
-8.1
-3.5
-100
-98.8
-97.7
-96.5
-95.3
-94.1
-93
-91.8
-89.5
-87.2
-84.9
-82.6
-79
-75.5
-72.1
-68.6
-65.1
-61.6
-58.1
-54.6
-50
-46.5
-43
-38.3
-34.9
-31.4
-26.7
-22.1
-17.4
-12.7
-8.1
-3.5
0
3.5
8.1
12.7
17.4
22.1
26.7
31.4
34.9
38.3
43
46.5
50
54.6
58.1
61.6
65.1
68.6
72.1
75.5
79
82.6
84.9
87.2
89.5
91.8
93
94.1
95.3
96.5
97.7
98.8
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
Iy
Iy
Start = 0
Start = 0
Step 1
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 2
Ix
Ix
Step 3
1/4th micro step
SM[2:0] = 011
Uncompensated Half Step
SM[2:0] = 101
PC20070604.5
Figure 8: Translator Table: Circular and Square
8.3.2. Direction
The direction of rotation is selected by means of following combination of the DIR input pin and the SPI-controlled direction bit
<DIRCTRL>. (Table 14: SPI Control Register 1)
8.3.3. NXT Input
Changes on the NXT input will move the motor current one step up/down in the translator table. Depending on the NXT-polarity bit
<NXTP> (Table 14: SPI Control Register 1), the next step is initiated either on the rising edge or the falling edge of the NXT input.
tNXT_HI
0,5 VCC
NXT
tDIR_SET
DIR
tNXT_LO
tDIR_HOLD
VALID
PC20070609.1
Figure 9: NXT-input Timing Diagram
Table 11: Timing Table NXT Pin
Symbol
Parameter
tNXT_HI
NXT minimum, high pulse width
tNXT_LO
NXT minimum, low pulse width
tDIR_SET
NXT hold time, following change of DIR
tDIR_HOLD
NXT hold time, before change of DIR
Min.
2
2
500
500
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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11
Typ.
Max.
Unit
µs
µs
µs
µs
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
8.3.4. Translator Position
The translator position can be read in Table 30: SPI Status Register 3. This is a 7-bit number equivalent to the 1/32th micro-step from
Table 10: Circular Translator Table. The translator position is updated immediately following a NXT trigger.
NXT
Update
Translator Position
Update
Translator Position
PC20070604.4
Figure 10: Translator Position Timing Diagram
8.3.5. Synchronization of Step Mode and NXT Input
When step mode is re-programmed to another resolution (Table 13: SPI Control Register 0), then this is put in effect immediately upon
the first arriving “NXT” input. If the micro-stepping resolution is increased (see Figure 11) then the coil currents will be regulated to the
nearest micro-step, according to the fixed grid of the increased resolution. If however the micro-stepping resolution is decreased, then it
is possible to introduce an offset (or phase shift) in the micro-step translator table.
If the step resolution is decreased at a translator table position that is shared both by the old and new resolution setting, then the offset
is zero and micro-stepping is proceeds according to the translator table.
If the translator position is not shared both by the old and new resolution setting, then the micro-stepping proceeds with an offset
relative to the translator table (See Figure 10 right hand side).
Change from lower to higher resolution
Iy
Iy
DIR
NXT3
endpos
NXT2
Iy
DIR
NXT1
NXT4
Iy
DIR
NXT1
endpos
startpos
Ix
Halfstep
Change from higher to lower resolution
DIR
startpos
NXT2
Ix
Ix
1/4th step
1/8th step
Ix
NXT3
Halfstep
PC20070604.6
Figure 11: NXT-Step Mode Synchronization
Left: Change from lower to higher resolution. The left-hand side depicts the ending half-step position during which a new step mode
resolution was programmed. The right-hand side diagram shows the effect of subsequent NXT commands on the micro-step position.
Right: Change from higher to lower resolution. The left-hand side depicts the ending micro-step position during which a new step mode
resolution was programmed. The right-hand side diagram shows the effect of subsequent NXT commands on the half-step position.
Note:
It is advised to reduce the micro-stepping resolution only at micro-step positions that overlap with desired micro-step positions of the new resolution.
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
8.4 Programmable Peak-Current
The amplitude of the current waveform in the motor coils (coil peak current = Imax) is adjusted by means of an SPI parameter
"CUR[4:0]" (Table 13: SPI Control Register 0). Whenever this parameter is changed, the coil-currents will be updated immediately at
the next PWM period. More information can be found in Table 24: SPI Control Parameter Overview CUR[4:0].
8.5 Speed and Load Angle Output
The SLA-pin provides an output voltage that indicates the level of the Back-e.m.f. voltage of the motor. This Back-e.m.f. voltage is
sampled during every so-called "coil current zero crossings". Per coil, two zero-current positions exist per electrical period, yielding in
total four zero-current observation points per electrical period.
VBEMF
ICOIL
t
ZOOM
Previous
Micro-step
ICOIL
Coil Current Zero Crossing
Next
Micro-step
Current Decay
Zero Current
t
VCOIL
VBB
Voltage Transient
VBEMF
t
PC20070604.7
Figure 12: Principle of Bemf Measurement
Because of the relatively high recirculation currents in the coil during current decay, the coil voltage VCOIL shows a transient behavior.
As this transient is not always desired in application software, two operating modes can be selected by means of the bit <SLAT> (see
"SLA-transparency" in Table 15: SPI Control Register 2). The SLA pin shows in "transparent mode" full visibility of the voltage transient
behavior. This allows a sanity-check of the speed-setting versus motor operation and characteristics and supply voltage levels. If the bit
“SLAT” is cleared, then only the voltage samples at the end of each coil current zero crossing are visible on the SLA-pin. Because the
transient behavior of the coil voltage is not visible anymore, this mode generates smoother Back e.m.f. input for post-processing, e.g.
by software.
In order to bring the sampled Back e.m.f. to a descent output level (0 to 5V), the sampled coil voltage VCOIL is divided by 2 or by 4. This
divider is set through an SPI bit <SLAG>. (Table 15: SPI Control Register 2)
Table 12: Parameter Table SLA Pin
Symbol
Pin(s)
Parameter
Vout
Output voltage range
Voff
Output offset the SLA pin
Rout
Output resistance SLA pin
SLA
Cload
Load capacitance SLA pin
Gsla
Gain of SLA pin = VBEMF / VCOIL
Remark/Test Conditions
0.2V < Vsla < Vdd - 0,2V
SLAG=0
SLAG=1
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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13
Min.
0.5
-20
Typ.
0,5
0,25
Max.
4.5
20
1
50
Unit
V
mV
kΩ
pF
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
The following drawing illustrates the operation of the SLA-pin and the transparency-bit. "PWMsh" and "Icoil=0" are internal signals that
define together with SLAT the sampling and hold moments of the coil voltage.
Ssh
VCOIL
Sh
div2
div4
buf
SLA-pin
Ch
Csh
Icoil=0
PWMsh
SLAT
NOT(Icoil=0)
PWMsh
Icoil=0
SLAT
VCOIL
t
SLA-pin
last sample
is retained
VBEMF
retain last sample
previous output is kept at SLA pin
t
SLAT=1 => SLA-pin is "transparent" during
VBEMF sampling @ Coil Current Zero
Crossing. SLA-pin is updated "real-time".
SLAT=0 => SLA-pin is not "transparent" during
VBEMF sampling @ Coil Current Zero Crossing.
SLA-pin is updated when leaving current-less state.
PC20070604.8
Figure 13: Timing Diagram of SLA-pin
8.6 Warning, Error Detection and Diagnostics Feedback
8.6.1. Thermal Warning and Shutdown
When junction temperature rises above TTW, the thermal warning bit <TW> is set (Table 27: SPI Status Register 0). If junction
temperature increases above thermal shutdown level, then the circuit goes in “thermal shutdown” mode (<TSD>) and all driver
transistors are disabled (high impedance) (Table 29: SPI Status Register 2). The conditions to reset flag <TSD> is to be at a
temperature lower than TTW and to clear the <TSD> flag by reading it using any SPI read command.
8.6.2. Over-Current Detection
The over-current detection circuit monitors the load current in each activated output stage. If the load current exceeds the over-current
detection threshold, then the over-current flag is set and the drivers are switched off to reduce the power dissipation and to protect the
integrated circuit. Each driver transistor has an individual detection bit in the Table 28: SPI Status Register 1 and Table 29: SPI Status
Register 2 (<OVCXij> and <OVCYij>). Error condition is latched and the microcontroller needs to clean the status bits to reactivate
the drivers.
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AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
8.6.3. Open Coil Detection
Open coil detection is based on the observation of 100 percent duty cycle of the PWM regulator. If in a coil 100 percent duty cycle is
detected for longer than 200ms then the related driver transistors are disabled (high-impedance) and an appropriate bit in the SPI
status register is set (<OPENX> or <OPENY>). (Table 27: SPI Status Register 0)
8.6.4. Charge Pump Failure
The charge pump is an important circuit that guarantees low Rdson for all drivers, especially for low supply voltages. If supply voltage
is too low or external components are not properly connected to guarantee Rdson of the drivers, then the bit <CPFAIL> is set in the
Table 27: SPI Status Register 0. Also after power-on-reset the charge pump voltage will need some time to exceed the required
threshold. During that time <CPFAIL> will be set to “1”.
8.6.5. Error Output
This is a digital output to flag a problem to the external microcontroller. The signal on this output is active low and the logic combination
of:
NOT(ERRB) = <TW> OR <TSD> OR <OVCXij> OR < OVCYij> OR <OPENi> OR <CPFAIL>
8.7 CLR pin (=Hard Reset)
Logic 0 on CLR pin allows normal operation of the chip. To reset the complete digital inside AMIS-30521, the input CLR needs to be
pulled to logic 1 during minimum time given by TCLR. (Table 6: AC Parameters) This reset function clears all internal registers without
the need of a power-cycle. The operation of all analog circuits is depending on the reset state of the digital, charge pump remains
active. Logic 0 on CLR pin resumes normal operation again.
8.8 Sleep Mode
The bit <SLP> in Table 15: SPI Control Register 2 is provided to enter a so-called “sleep mode”. This mode allows reduction of currentconsumption when the motor is not in operation. The effect of sleep mode is as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The drivers are put in HiZ
All analog circuits are disabled and in low-power mode
All internal registers are maintaining their logic content
NXT and DIR inputs are forbidden
SPI communication remains possible (slight current increase during SPI communication)
Reset of chip is possible through CLR pin
Oscillator and digital clocks are silent, except during SPI communication
Normal operation is resumed after writing logic ‘0’ to bit <SLP>. A start-up time is needed for the charge pump to stabilize. After this
time, NXT commands can be issued.
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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15
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
9.0 SPI interface
The serial peripheral interface (SPI) is used to allow external microcontroller (MCU) to communicate with the device. The implemented
SPI block is flexible enough to interface directly with numerous microcontrollers from several manufacturers. AMIS-30521 acts always
as a slave and it can’t initiate any transmission. The operation of the device is configured and controlled by means of SPI registers,
which are observable for read and/or write from the master.
9.1 SPI Transfer Format and Pin Signals
During an SPI transfer, data is simultaneously transmitted (shifted out serially) and received (shifted in serially). A serial clock line (CLK)
synchronizes shifting and sampling of the information on the two serial data lines (DO and DI). DO signal is the output from the slave,
and DI signal is the output from the master. A slave select line (CSB) allows individual selection of a slave SPI device in a multipleslave system. The CSB line is active low. If AMIS-30521 is not selected, DO is in high impedance state and it does not interfere with
SPI bus activities. Since AMIS-30521 always clocks data out on the falling edge and samples data in on rising edge of clock, the MCU
SPI port must be configured to match this operation. SPI clock idles low between the transferred bytes.
The diagram below is both a master and a slave timing diagram since CLK, DO and DI pins are directly connected between the master
and the slave.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
CLK (Idles Low)
DI (From Master)
DO (From Slave)
MSB
(1)
CSB
Note (1): MSB of data stored on the new address (see Transfer packet). The internal
data-out shift buffer of AMIS-30521 is updated with new content only at the last (every
eighth) falling edge of the CLK signal.
Figure 14: Timing Diagram of an SPI Transfer
9.2 Transfer Packet
Serial data transfer is assumed to follow MSB first rule. The transfer packet contains one or more 8-bit characters (bytes).
MSB
LSB
Command and Address
Cmd2
Cmd1
Cmd0
Addr4
Addr3
Addr2
Addr1
Addr0
MSB
LSB
Data byte
Data7 - Data0
The first byte contains command and SPI Register address and will be sent upfront of the packet to indicate to AMIS-30521 the chosen
register and the type of operation.
There are two possible commands for the master in normal operation mode of AMIS-30521:
•
READ from SPI register: Cmd2 = 0
•
WRITE to SPI register:
Cmd2 = 1
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AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
WRITE command executed for read-only register will not affect the register and the device operation. In case of READ command the
data byte is optional. If a byte is transmitted after READ command it is also interpreted as a command (see examples below).
If the master reads data from a status register (SPI Status Register Description), then the most significant bit (Data 7) represents a
parity of Data6 to Data0 bits. If the number of logical ones in the data is odd then the parity bit equals 1. If the number of logical ones
is even then the parity bit equals 0. This is a simple mechanism to protect against noise and to verify the correct transmission operation
and the consistency of the status data. If a parity check error occurs, the master could initiate an additional READ command to obtain
the status again.
The CSB line is active low and may remain low between each successive READ commands. There is only one exception of this rule: if
error condition is latched in status register (SPI Status Register Description) and the master needs to clear the status bits then exactly
after READ command of a latched status register CSB line should go from low to high. This is explained in the following note:
Note: The status registers and ERRB pin (SPI Status Register Description) are updated by the internal system clock
only when CSB line is high. It is recommended to keep the CSB line high always when the SPI bus is idle.
If the master sends WRITE command, then the incoming data will be stored in the corresponding register only if CSB goes from low to
high. The writing to the register is only enabled if exactly 16 bits are transmitted within one transfer packet. If more or less clock pulses
are counted within one packet the complete packet is ignored.
AMIS-30521 responds on every incoming byte by shifting out the data stored on the last address sent via the bus. After POR the initial
address is unknown. The following examples illustrate communication sessions between the master and AMIS-30521:
CSB
Master
305xx
AddrA
Read
AddrB
Write
DataC
AddrB
Read
AddrB
Read
Last Addr
Data
AddrA
DataA
AddrB
DataB
AddrB
DataB
AddrB
DataC
DataC is written in AddrB on
rising edge of CSB
Figure 15: Example SPI Transfer
In this example, the master reads first the status from AddrA and then writes control byte in AddrB. After write operation the master
could initiate a read back command in order to verify the data just written. Note that the first verification read operation returns the old
content of AddrB, the second read command returns the new AddrB data.
Note: The internal data out shift buffer of AMIS-30521 is updated with the content of the selected SPI register only at
the last (every eighth) falling edge of the CLK signal (SPI Transfer Format and Pin Signals). As a result, new data for
transmission cannot be written to the shift buffer at the beginning of the transfer packet and the first byte shifted out
might represent old data.
This rule also applies when the master device wants to initiate an SPI transfer to read the status registers. Because the internal system
clock updates the status registers only when CSB line is high, the first read out byte might represent an old status (see Figure 16 and
Figure 17 below).
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17
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
Status Registers are updated
CSB
Master
Status
R Read
305xx
Last
Data
Add
Status
R Read
Status
R Read
Status
R Read
Status
StatusA
Status
StatusA
Status
StatusB
Figure 16: Example SPI Transfer
The last case illustrates data polling from several registers of the SPI register bank:
CSB
A d d rA
R ead
M a s te r
305xx
A d d rB
R ead
Last A ddr
D a ta
A d d rA
D a ta
A
A d d rC
R ead
A d d rB
D a ta
B
Figure 17: Example SPI Transfer
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18
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
9.3 SPI Control Registers
All SPI control registers have Read/Write access and default to "0" after power-on or hard reset.
Table 13: SPI Control Register 0
Control Register 0 (CR0)
Address
Content
Bit 7
Bit 6
Access
R/W
R/W
01h
Reset
0
0
Data
SM[2:0]
Where:
R/W
Reset:
SM[2:0]:
CUR[4:0]:
Bit 5
R/W
0
Structure
Bit 4
Bit 3
R/W
R/W
0
0
CUR[4:0]
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
Read and Write access
Status after power-On or hard reset
Step mode
Current amplitude
Table 14: SPI Control Register 1
Address
02h
Content
Access
Reset
Data
Where:
R/W
Reset::
DIRCTRL
NXTP
PWMF
PWMJ
EMC[1:0]
Bit 7
R/W
0
DIRCTRL
Control Register 1 (CR1)
Structure
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
R/W
0
NXTP
R/W
0
PWMJ
R/W
R/W
0
0
EMC[1:0]
Control Register 2 (CR2)
Structure
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R/W
0
SLP
R/W
0
-
R/W
0
-
R/W
0
-
R/W
0
-
R/W
0
-
R/W
0
PWMF
Bit 0
Read and Write access
Status after power-on or hard reset
Direction control
NEXT polarity
PWM frequency
PWM jitter
EMC slope control
Table 15: SPI Control Register 2
Address
03h
Content
Access
Reset
Data
Where:
R/W
Reset:
MOTEN
SLP
SLAG
SLAT
Bit 7
R/W
0
MOTEN
R/W
0
SLAG
R/W
0
SLAT
R/W
0
-
Read and Write access
Status after power-On or hard reset
Motor enable
Sleep
Speed load angle gain
Speed load angle transparency
Table 16: SPI Control Parameter Overview SLAT
Symbol
Description
SLAT
Status
<SLAT> = 0
<SLAT> = 1
Speed Load Angle Transparency bit
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19
Behavior
SLA is transparent
SLA is NOT transparent
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Table 17: SPI Control Parameter Overview SLAG
Symbol
Description
SLAG
Speed Load Angle Gain setting
Table 18: SPI Control Parameter Overview PWMF
Symbol
Description
PWMF
Enables doubling of the PWM frequency
Enables jittery PWM
CUR[4:0]
Enables sleep mode
Behavior
Jitter disabled
Jitter enabled
Behavior
Active mode
Sleep mode
Status
Value
Drivers disabled
Drivers enabled
<MOTEN> = 0
<MOTEN> = 1
Activates the motor driver outputs
Status
<DIR> = 0
Controls the direction of rotation
(in combination with logic level on input DIR)
<DIR> = 1
<DIRCTRL> = 0
<DIRCTRL> = 1
<DIRCTRL> = 0
<DIRCTRL> = 1
Status
<NXTP> = 0
<NXTP> = 1
Selects if NXT triggers on rising or falling edge
Value
CW motion
CCW motion
CCW motion
CW motion
Value
Trigger on rising edge
Trigger on falling edge
Selects IMCmax peak. This is the peak or amplitude of the regulated current waveform in the motor coils.
Table 24: SPI Control Parameter Overview CUR[4:0]
CUR[4:0]
Index
Current (mA)
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
1
0
0
0
0
1
60
2
0
0
0
1
0
90
3
0
0
0
1
1
100
4
0
0
1
0
0
110
5
0
0
1
0
1
120
6
0
0
1
1
0
135
7
0
0
1
1
1
150
8
0
1
0
0
0
160
9
0
1
0
0
1
180
A
0
1
0
1
0
200
B
0
1
0
1
1
220
C
0
1
1
0
0
240
D
0
1
1
0
1
270
E
0
1
1
1
0
300
F
0
1
1
1
1
325
Index
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
1F
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Value
fPWM = 22.8kHz
fPWM = 45.6kHz
<SLP> = 0
<SLP> = 1
Table 23: SPI Control Parameter Overview NXTP
Symbol
Description
NXTP
Status
Status
Table 22: SPI Control Parameter Overview DIRCTRL
Symbol
Description
DIRCTRL
Gain = 0.5
Gain = 0.25
<PWMJ> = 0
<PWMJ> = 1
Table 21: SPI Control Parameter Overview MOTEN
Symbol
Description
MOTEN
Value
<SLAG> = 0
<SLAG> = 1
Status
Table 20: SPI Control Parameter Overview SLP
Symbol
Description
SLP
Status
<PWMF> = 0
<PWMF> = 1
Table 19: SPI Control Parameter Overview PWMJ
Symbol
Description
PWMJ
Data Sheet
20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
CUR[4:0]
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Current (mA)
365
400
440
485
535
595
650
725
800
885
970
1070
1190
1300
1450
1600
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
Adjusts the dV/dt of the PWM voltage slopes on the motor pins.
EMC[1:0]
Table 25: SPI Control Parameter Overview EMC[1:0]
EMC[1:0]
Index
Slope (V/µs)
0
0
0
150
1
0
1
100
2
1
0
50
3
1
1
25
Remark
Turn-on and turn-off voltage slope 10% to 90%
“
“
“
Selects the micro-stepping mode.
SM[2:0]
Table 26: SPI Control Parameter Overview SM[2:0]
SM[2:0]
Index
Step Mode
1
0
0
0
0
/32
1
1
0
0
1
/16
1
2
0
1
0
/8
3
0
1
1
¼
4
1
0
0
½
5
1
0
1
½
6
1
1
0
Full
7
1
1
1
N/A
Remark
Micro-step
Micro-step
Micro-step
Micro-step
Uncompensated half-step
Compensated half-step
Full step
For future use
9.4 SPI Status Register Description
All four SPI status registers have Read Access and are default to "0" after power-on or hard reset.
Table 27: SPI Status Register 0
Address
04h
Content
Access
Reset
Data
Bit 7
R
0
PAR
Status Register 0 (SR0)
Structure
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R
0
OPENX
R
0
OPENY
R
0
-
R
0
-
Status Register 1 (SR1)
Structure
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R
0
-
R
0
-
R
0
-
R
0
TW
R
0
CPfail
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
TW
Cpfail
OPENX
OPENY
Read only mode access
Status after power-pn or hard reset
Parity check
Thermal warning
Charge pump failure
Open Coil X detected
Open Coil Y detected
Remark:
Data is not latched
R
0
-
Table 28: SPI Status Register 1
Address
05h
Content
Access
Reset
Data
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
OVXPT
OVXPB
OVXNT
OVXNB
Remark:
Bit 7
R
0
PAR
R
0
OVCXPT
R
0
OVCXPB
R
0
OVCXNT
Read only mode access
Status after power-on or hard reset
Parity check
Over-current detected on X H-bridge: MOTXP terminal, top transistor
Over-current detected on X H-bridge: MOTXP terminal, bottom transistor
Over-current detected on X H-bridge: MOTXN terminal, top transistor
Over-current detected on X H-bridge: MOTXN terminal, bottom transistor
Data is latched
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R
0
OVCXNB
21
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
Table 29: SPI Status Register 2
Address
06h
Content
Status Register 2 (SR2)
Structure
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 7
Access
Reset
Data
R
0
PAR
R
0
OVCYPT
R
0
OVCYPB
R
0
OVCYYNT
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R
0
OVCYNB
R
0
TSD
R
0
-
R
0
-
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
OVCYPT
OVCYPB
OVCYNT
OVCYNB
TSD
Read only mode access
Status after power-on or hard reset
Parity check
Over-current detected on Y H-bridge: MOTYP terminal, top transistor
Over-current detected on Y H-bridge: MOTYP terminal, bottom transistor
Over-current detected on Y H-bridge: MOTYN terminal, top transistor
Over-current detected on Y H-bridge: MOTYN terminal, bottom transistor
Thermal shutdown
Remark:
Data is latched
Table 30: SPI Status Register 3
Address
07h
Content
Access
Reset
Data
Bit 7
R
0
PAR
Status Register 3 (SR3)
Structure
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
R
0
R
0
Where:
R
Reset
PAR
MSP[6:0]
Read only mode access
Status after power-pn or hard reset
Parity check
Translator micro-step position
Remark:
Data is not latched
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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Bit 3
R
R
0
0
MSP[6:0]
22
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R
0
R
0
R
0
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
Table 31: SPI Status Flags Overview
Length
(bit)
Flag
Mnemonic
Related SPI Register
Charge pump failure
CPFail
1
SPI Status Register 0
Micro-step position
OPEN Coil X
OPEN Coil Y
OVer Current on X
H-bridge; MOTXN
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVer Current on X
H-bridge; MOTXN
terminal; Top transist.
OVer Current on X
H-bridge; MOTXP
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVer Current on X
H-bridge; MOTXP
terminal; Top transist.
OVer Current on Y
H-bridge; MOTYN
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVer Current on Y
H-bridge; MOTYN
terminal; Top transist.
OVer Current on Y
H-bridge; MOTYP
terminal; Bottom tran.
OVer Current on Y
H-bridge; MOTYP
terminal; Top transist.
Thermal shutdown
Thermal warning
MSP[6:0]
OPENX
OPENY
7
1
1
SPI Status Register 0
SPI Status Register 0
SPI Status Register 0
OVCXNB
1
SPI Status Register 1
OVCXNT
1
SPI Status Register 1
OVCXPB
1
SPI Status Register 1
OVCXPT
1
SPI Status Register 1
OVCYNB
1
SPI Status Register 2
OVCYNT
1
SPI Status Register 2
OVCYPB
1
SPI Status Register 2
OVCYPT
1
SPI Status Register 2
TSD
TW
1
1
SPI Status Register 2
SPI Status Register 0
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23
Comment
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that the charge pump does
not reach the required voltage level. Note 1
Translator micro-step position
‘1’ = Open coil detected
‘1’ = Open coil detected
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at bottom transistor XN-terminal
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at top transistor XN-terminal
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at bottom transistor XP-terminal
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at top transistor XP-terminal
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at bottom transistor YN-terminal
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at top transistor YN-terminal
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at bottom transistor YP-terminal
‘0’ = no failure
‘1’ = failure: indicates that over current is
detected at top transistor YP-terminal
Reset State
‘0’
‘0000000’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
10.0 Package Outline
Dimensions:
Dim
Min
A
0.8
A1
0
A2
0.576
A3
b
0.25
C
0.24
D
D1
E
E1
e
J
5.37
K
5.37
L
0.35
P
R
2.185
Notes :
Nom
0.02
0.615
0.203
0.3
0.42
7
6.75
7
6.75
0.65
5.47
5.47
0.4
45
Max
0.9
0.05
0.654
0.35
0.6
5.57
5.57
0.45
2.385
Unit
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Degree
mm
2 Dimensions apply to plated terminal and are measured between 0.2 and
0.25 mm from terminal tip.
3 The pin #1 indication must be placed on the top surface of the package
by using indentation mark or other feature of package body.
4 Exact shape and size of this feature is optional
5
Applied for exposed pad and terminals. Exclude embedding part of
exposed pad from measuring.
6 Applied only to terminals
7 Exact shape of each corner is optional
7x7 NQFP
Figure 18: NQFP-32: No Lead Quad Flat Pack; 32 Pins; Body Size 7x7mm (AMIS Reference: NQFP-32)
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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24
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
11.0 Soldering
11.1 Introduction to Soldering Surface Mount Packages
This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in the AMIS “Data
Handbook IC26; Integrated Circuit Packages” (document order number 9398 652 90011). There is no soldering method that is ideal for
all surface mount IC packages. Wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mount ICs, or for printed-circuit boards (PCB) with
high population densities. In these situations re-flow soldering is often used.
11.2 Re-flow Soldering
Re-flow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the PCB by
screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement. Several methods exist for re-flowing; for
example, infrared/convection heating in a conveyor type oven.
Throughput times (preheating, soldering and cooling) vary between 100 and 200 seconds depending on the heating method. Typical reflow peak temperatures range from 215 to 260°C. The top-surface temperature of the packages should preferably be kept below 230°C.
11.3 Wave Soldering
Conventional single wave soldering is not recommended for surface mount devices (SMDs) or PCBs with a high component density, as
solder bridging and non-wetting can present major problems. To overcome these problems, the double-wave soldering method was
specifically developed.
If wave soldering is used the following conditions must be observed for optimal results:
• Use a double-wave soldering method comprising a turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave.
• For packages with leads on two sides and a pitch (e):
•Larger than or equal to 1.27mm, the footprint longitudinal axis is preferred to be parallel to the transport direction of the PCB;
•Smaller than 1.27mm, the footprint longitudinal axis must be parallel to the transport direction of the PCB. The footprint must
incorporate solder thieves at the downstream end.
• For packages with leads on four sides, the footprint must be placed at a 45º angle to the transport direction of the PCB. The
footprint must incorporate solder thieves downstream and at the side corners.
During placement and before soldering, the package must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by screen
printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive is cured. Typical dwell time is four seconds
at 250°C. A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications.
11.4 Manual Soldering
Fix the component by first soldering two diagonally-opposite end leads. Use a low voltage (24V or less) soldering iron applied to the flat
part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300°C.
When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within two to five seconds between 270 and 320°C.
Table 32: Soldering Process
Soldering Method
Package
Wave
BGA, SQFP
HLQFP, HSQFP, HSOP, HTSSOP, SMS
(3)
PLCC , SO, SOJ
LQFP, QFP, TQFP
SSOP, TSSOP, VSO
Notes:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Not suitable
(2)
Not suitable
Suitable
(3) (4)
Not recommended
(5)
Not recommended
Re-flow
(1)
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
All surface mount (SMD) packages are moisture sensitive. Depending upon the moisture content, the maximum temperature (with respect to time) and body size
of the package, there is a risk that internal or external package cracks may occur due to vaporization of the moisture in them (the so called popcorn effect). For
details, refer to the drypack information in the “Data Handbook IC26; Integrated Circuit Packages; Section: Packing Methods.”
These packages are not suitable for wave soldering as a solder joint between the PCB and heatsink (at bottom version) can not be achieved, and as solder may
stick to the heatsink (on top version).
If wave soldering is considered, then the package must be placed at a 45° angle to the solder wave direction. The package footprint must incorporate solder
thieves downstream and at the side corners.
Wave soldering is only suitable for LQFP, TQFP and QFP packages with a pitch (e) equal to or larger than 0.8mm; it is definitely not suitable for packages with a
pitch (e) equal to or smaller than 0.65mm.
Wave soldering is only suitable for SSOP and TSSOP packages with a pitch (e) equal to or larger than 0.65mm; it is definitely not suitable for packages with a
pitch (e) equal to or smaller than 0.5mm.
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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25
AMIS-30521 Micro-stepping Motor Driver
Data Sheet
12.0 Company or Product Inquiries
For more information about AMI Semiconductor’s products or services visit our Web site at http://www.amis.com.
13.0 Document History
Table 33: Revision History
Version
Date
0.1
18-jan-06
0.2
24-jan-06
0.3
9-feb-06
0.4
9-mar-06
0.5
0.6
1.0
22-mar-06
24-may-06
2-june-07
Modification
initial draft
draft : changed PWM description, added SLA pin description, changed POR and WD paragraphs.
CEN->CENB, NXT pin timing, SPI I/F, 30521 section 8.5, 8.6,8.7, 30522 section 8.4,8.5
updated pin-out & added drawing, CENB->CLR, ERR->ERRB, removed SWP bits, updated SPI bits, added
package details
Renamed CS -> CSB, Swapped pins CLR and CSB
Updated pins, AC&DC tables, SLA specs, SM[2:0] decoding
Final version
Devices sold by AMIS are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. AMIS makes no warranty, express, statutory,
implied or by description, regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. AMIS makes no warranty of
merchantability or fitness for any purposes. AMIS reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. AMI
Semiconductor's products are intended for use in commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high
reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment, are specifically not recommended without additional processing by AMIS for such
applications. Copyright ©2007 AMI Semiconductor, Inc.
AMI Semiconductor – June 2007, M-20683-001
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26